Quantization and feedback of multi-dimensional parameters in communication and radar systems, and method thereof
A multi-dimensional variable-resolution grid system addresses the inefficiencies in CSI feedback by using block compression and encoding techniques to optimize parameter reporting in wireless communication and radar systems, reducing overhead and enhancing efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
The existing CSI feedback in 3GPP NR for eType-II PMI report is not optimized for cases with clustered basis-indicating vector parameters, leading to unnecessarily large report overhead in multi-cluster channel environments.
Implement a multi-dimensional variable-resolution grid system for quantizing and reporting parameters, using block compression, run-length encoding, Huffman coding, and combinatorial indication to efficiently represent D-dimensional vectors, such as azimuth and elevation angles, path delay, and Doppler shift, in wireless communication and radar systems.
Reduces report overhead by optimizing the representation of multi-cluster channel parameters, enhancing efficiency in parameter reporting and reducing data transmission requirements.
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Figure CN2025074917_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
QUANTIZATION AND FEEDBACK OF MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS IN COMMUNICATION AND RADAR SYSTEMS, AND METHOD THEREOFFIELD
[0001] The invention discussed below relates generally to wireless communication and radar systems, and more particularly, to a device needs to signal a set of D-dimensional (or D-tuple) parameters to another device.BACKGROUND
[0002] For future 5G advanced and 6G wireless communication networks, in the CSI (Channel State Information) feedback, such feedback of basis parameters was already specified for eType-II PMI (Pre-coder Matrix Indication) report. However, the report is not optimized for some cases, leading to unnecessarily large report overhead. The objective of this invention is therefore the efficient representation of reporting parameters in multi-cluster channel environment. This invention also applies to the reporting of target parameters in a sensing system in which a measurement device one receives the sensing reference signals transmitted from TX device two and then reports the measurement of the targets’ parameters to device two and / or a third device.SUMMARY
[0003] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0004] In the CSI (Channel State Information) feedback of 3GPP NR, such feedback of basis parameters was already specified for eType-II PMI (Pre-coder Matrix Indication) report. However, the report is not optimized for the cases where the basis-indicating vector parameters (or coordinates) kq are clustered, leading to unnecessarily large report overhead. Objective of this invention is therefore the efficient representation of kq in multi-cluster channel environment. This invention also applies to the reporting of target parameters in a sensing system in which a measurement device one receives the sensing reference signals transmitted from TX device two and then reports the measurement of the targets’ parameters to device two and / or a third device. The measurement report may include the range, Doppler, azimuth angle of departure and elevation angle of departure of a target detected from the sensing reference signal.
[0005] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed figures set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] FIG. 1 illustrates the Variable-Resolution Grid System.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0007] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0008] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0009] There are situations in wireless communication and radar system where a device needs to signal a set of D-dimensional (or D-tuple) parameters to another device.
[0010] For example, let k= (k1, k2, …, kD) be a D-dimensional vector parameter. where 0≤ k1≤N1, 0≤k2≤N2, …, 0≤kD≤ND and N1, N2, …, ND are assumed to be integers without loss of generality (for if N1 is not an integer, the device can signal k′dd=kd / Nd instead and N′d= 1 will be an integer) . The lower limit of the parameters is set to 0 without loss of generality (for if the UE can signal along with ) .
[0011] If there are Q such D-dimensional vectors in the set, we denote them by kq= (k1, q, k2, q, …, kD, q) for q=1, 2, …, Q. Or in vector form: kq= [k1, q k2, q …kD, q] T, q= 1, 2, …, Q.
[0012] In one example, the elements in the D-dimensional vector parameter are multi-path parameters of a MIMO channel:
[0013] Azimuth angle of Departure (AoD) from the base station φ (or k1) .
[0014] Elevation angle of Departure (ZoD) from the base station θ (or k2) .
[0015] Path delay τ (or k3) .
[0016] Doppler shift ν (or k4) .
[0017] The MIMO channel observed by a single receive antenna can be expressed as a 4-D tensor h (i, j, m, n) .
[0018] where i, j, m, n are integer indices within certain range, i is the azimuth antenna index, j is the elevation antenna index, m is the frequency index in a pre-specified unit δf (asub-carrier for example) , n is the time index in a pre-specified unit δt (an OFDM symbol for example) , λq is the complex channel gain for the q-th path.
[0019] This invention pertains mostly to the quantization and reporting of kq= [φq θq τq νq] T, as well as various forms of its associated channel gain λq.
[0020] In another example, these 4 component parameters can be the parameters in a 4-D radar.
[0021] Consider a D-dimensional tensor h of size (N1, N2, …, ND) .
[0022] D is the number of dimensions.
[0023] Nd is the size of the d-th dimension.
[0024] Notation: we denote size (h) = (N1, N2, …, ND) .
[0025] The tensor is the linear weighted sum of Q basis functions.
[0026] nd=0, 1, …Nd-1 for all d=1, …D.
[0027] 0≤kd, q<Nd is a real number that determines the sinusoidal basis function.
[0028] where quantized kd, q and / or quantized λq (or |λq| depending on the application) are to be reported to another device.
[0029] Objective of this invention is the efficient quantization of 0≤kd, q<Nd for all d and q.
[0030] The q-th basis function is parameterized by kd, q for d=1, …, D.
[0031] We denote kq= [k1, q … kD, q] T the vector parameter that determines the q-th basis function.
[0032] We can also consider kq as a D-dimensional coordinate.
[0033] Note that the size Nd of the tensor h needs not be the same as the upper limit of the value kd, q,
[0034] We set them to be the same for convenience as that is the case in many applications.
[0035] In fact, the size of the tensor is immaterial in the applicability of the invention and can be left unspecified.
[0036] The invention pertains to the quantization and reporting of the parameters kq (and optionally λq) that completely determine the basis functions, which in turn determine (along with λq) the tensor’s value at any given index (n1, n2, …, nD) . Note that in some applications, reconstruction of the original tensor isn’t necessary and the complex coefficient λq is not reported.
[0037] For convenience, the size Nd for each dimension is chosen to be the basic number of gridlines the parameter kd, q should be quantized at, i.e., kd, q∈ {0, 1, 2, …, Nd-1} . We will call this the basic unit grid. Higher resolution of the grid will be introduced later with additional parameters.
[0038] In the application where the d-th dimension in the tensor corresponds to the ordered antenna index of a uniform linear array, exp (j2πkd, qnd / Nd) , nd=0, …, Nd-1 is then the phase response at the nd-th antenna element from a single plane wave impinging with an angle of incidence θ=cos-1 (kd, q / Nd) .
[0039] There are also cases where there are multiple D-dimensional tensor of the same size sharing the same set of kd, q but different λq.
[0040] In this case where each hr, r=1, …, R is a D-dimensional tensor of size (N1, N2, …, ND) with linear combination coefficients λr, q.
[0041] That is, where
[0042] For example,
[0043] h1, …, hR may be tensors corresponding to different RX antennas.
[0044] hv, hh may be tensors corresponding to TX antennas of vertical and horizontal polarization.
[0045] Without loss of generality, we will use a single tensor in our examples.
[0046] In the CSI (Channel State Information) feedback of 3GPP NR, such feedback of basis parameters was already specified for eType-II PMI (Pre-coder Matrix Indication) report.
[0047] However, the report is not optimized for the cases where the basis-indicating vector parameters (or coordinates) kq are clustered, leading to unnecessarily large report overhead.
[0048] Objective of this invention is therefore the efficient representation of kq in multi-cluster channel environment.
[0049] This invention also applies to the reporting of target parameters in a sensing system in which a measurement device one receives the sensing reference signals transmitted from TX device two and then reports the measurement of the targets’ parameters to device two and / or a third device.
[0050] The measurement report may include the range, Doppler, azimuth angle of departure and elevation angle of departure of a target detected from the sensing reference signal.
[0051] Device one and device 2 may be the same (in the case of mono-static radar) .
[0052] Device three and device one are never the same device (otherwise there will be no need for the reporting) .
[0053] The following is defining the Boundary of a Block (or Cluster) .
[0054] The vector parameters kq= [k1, q … kD, q] T, q=1, …, Q are distributed in B blocks. Where a block is a multi-dimensional rectangle.
[0055] 0≤kd, q<Nd for all d=1, …, D and q=1, …, Q.
[0056] For block b=1, 2, …, B: a. starting point of b-th block of the d-th dimension. b. ending point of b-th block of the d-th dimension, or alternatively for which c. d. The blocks can be non-overlapping as well as overlapping. e. The ending point is optional and can be omitted depending on the per block indication scheme.
[0057] The following is multi-Dimensional variable-Resolution grid system global grid.
[0058] Global grids are defined by an over-sampling factor for each dimension d: {o1, …, od, …, oD} .
[0059] od is typically a positive integer but can sometimes be a positive rational number.
[0060] For the d-th dimension, the interval [0, Nd) is divided into equally spaced grids of length a. b. The set {g1, …, gd, …, gD} is referred to as the global grids.
[0061] The beginning of a block and the end of a block (if present) are defined on the global grid. a. for all b=1, 2, …, B and d=1, 2, …, D b. In vector form: for all b= 1, 2, …, B c. and are sometimes expressed as an integer part and a fractional part.
[0062] The following is Multi-Dimensional Variable-Resolution Grid System Local Grid.
[0063] Local grids are defined per block per dimension.
[0064] Block-specific grid over-sampling factor for the b-th block of the d-th dimension. a.
[0065] For the b-th block of d-th dimension, the interval is divided into equally spaced grids of length
[0066]
[0067] An entry kd, q lying in the b-th block is defined on the local grids, i.e.,
[0068] Special cases: a. local grids are the same as global grids in the d-th dimension. b. can be fractional, e.g., and in this case the grid within the b-th block reverts to the basic unit grid possibly with a fractional offset. This is a way to ensure the chosen basis functions are orthogonal (within the block) , a common practice in NR eType-II PMI report.
[0069] Fig. 1 illustrates the Variable-Resolution Grid System.
[0070] The following is Expressing the Parameters On the Variable-Resolution Grid.
[0071] The vector parameter kq that determines the q-th basis function is in at least one block a. In case the coordinate kq lies in more than one block (which happens only when there are overlapping blocks) , then it will be defined in only one block.
[0072] Assuming the vector parameter kq indicating the q-th basis function is contained in the b-th block, then kd, q in kq can be expressed as a. or equivalently, kd, q can be indicated by the two-tuple b. is sometimes expressed as an integer part and a fractional part or a two tuple where and c. Similarly, can also be expressed as an integer part and a fractional part and will become a four-tuple.
[0073] The following is Indication within a Block: Block Compression.
[0074] Coordinate List Format (for the b-th block) a. Let be the set of q∈ {1, 2, …, Q} that are in block b, where |q (b) |=Qb is the number of paths in the b-th block. b. List for all in q (b) in a pre-specified order. c. for example, in ascending order of and in case of a tie, sort the tying entries in ascending order of so on and so forth.
[0075] Bitmap (for the b-th block) a. Let be the number of quantization levels for the b-th block in the d-th dimension. b. Report a multi-dimensional bit map with a 1 indicating the presence of a vector parameter (acoordinate) .
[0076] Run-Length Encoding (RLE)
[0077] Huffman Coding
[0078] Combinatorial indication (for the b-th block) a. Let be the number of quantization levels for the b-th block in the d-th dimension, b. and be all the number of quantization levels for the b-th block for all D dimensions. c. Qb is the number of non-zero entries (or paths) in the b-th block. d. Need to report for i= 1, 2, …, Qb, where i. ii. e. Let for i=1, 2, …, Qb. i. i.e., is the linear index of the D-dimensional subscripts f. Reporting is then equivalent to reporting a single integer for each b∈ {1, 2, …, B} . i. ii. Number of bits required to indicate the basis functions in the block: g. Note that by definition: and for n<k.
[0079] The following is Some Special Cases.
[0080] The grid system can be cyclical. a. modND, mod ND b. gd≡gd mod ND, γd≡γdmod ND
[0081] A single block with boundary.
[0082] A single block without boundary → NR eType-II.
[0083] Only one element in a block → equivalent to Coordinate List Format.
[0084] Skipping leading zeros when the dimension is the multi-path delay in a MIMO channel. a. Leading zeros are irrelevant to pre-coder design.
[0085] The following is about Additional Parameters to be Reported.
[0086] In addition to the feedback of the multi-dimensional parameters kq= [φq θq τq νq] T, q=1, …, Q, a. The complex channel gain λq may be reported along with its associated coordinate kq in a corresponding order when the coordinate kq indicates an element in a multi-dimensional basis with λq as the basis element’s linear combination coefficients. b. In some applications, a real value |λq| or |λq|2 is reported instead of the complex value λq c. In some applications, the energy per-cluster (per-block) ∑q∈q (b) |λq|2 are reported for b=1, 2, …, B. i. where is the set of q∈ {1, 2, …, Q} that are in block b. d. In some applications, a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value is also reported. i. where N0 is the power of the noise and interference. e. In some applications, a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value is reported per block. i. where is the power of the noise and interference in the b-th block.
[0087] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “UE, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0088] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below.
Claims
1.A method for CSI (Channel State Information) feedback to efficiently represent of kq in multi-cluster channel environment.2.A method for the reporting of target parameters in a sensing system in which a measurement device one receives the sensing reference signals transmitted from TX device two and then reports the measurement of the targets’ parameters to device two and / or a third device.