Aerosol generating apparatus and vaporizer
The use of porous ceramic body and heating element structures in aerosol generating apparatuses addresses inefficiencies in aerosolization and clogging, enhancing heating efficiency and reducing carbon deposition for improved aerosol delivery.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- IMPERIAL TOBACCO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Aerosol generating apparatuses face inefficiencies in aerosolization due to poor liquid conductivity of the wick and low thermal efficiency of the heating element, leading to potential clogging and taste-tainting issues.
The apparatus incorporates a porous ceramic body and heating element, both with porous structures, enhancing liquid conductivity and heating efficiency while reducing carbon deposition, ensuring effective wicking and preventing clogging.
The porous structure improves aerosolization efficiency, reduces carbon deposition, and ensures well-controlled particle size and reduced heat degradation of flavoured compounds, providing a more reliable aerosol delivery system.
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Figure CN2025075121_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AEROSOL GENERATING APPARATUSFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to an aerosol generating apparatus.BACKGROUND
[0002] A typical aerosol generating apparatus may comprise a power supply, an aerosol generating unit that is driven by the power supply, an aerosol precursor, which in use is aerosolised by the aerosol generating unit to generate an aerosol, and a delivery system for delivery of the aerosol to a user. Typically, aerosol precursor is conveyed for aerosolization from a tank (reservoir) to a heating element of the aerosol generating apparatus, via a wick.
[0003] A drawback with known aerosol generating apparatuses is that aerosolization may be inefficient, for example due to poor liquid conductivity of the wick and / or low thermal efficiency of the heating element. In spite of the effort already invested in the development of aerosol generating apparatuses / systems further improvements are desirable.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides an aerosol generating apparatus comprising:
[0005] a flow path extending from an inlet of the apparatus to an outlet of the apparatus;
[0006] a porous ceramic body for wicking an aerosol precursor; and
[0007] a porous heating element.
[0008] The porous structure of the heating element has multiple advantages. Firstly, it allows aerosol precursor to enter the heating element, thereby improving heating efficiency due to increased contact between the aerosol precursor and the heating element. Furthermore, by providing both the ceramic body and the heating element as porous structures, liquid conductivity can be improved, allowing aerosol precursor to be more easily wicked, e.g. from a tank of the aerosol generating apparatus.
[0009] The ceramic body and the heating element together may be considered to provide a vaporiser. A further advantage of providing both the ceramic body and the heating element as porous structures, is that it can be ensured that the porosity of the vaporiser as a whole is increased. This can help reduce a risk of the porous structure (s) being clogged up by carbon deposition arising from the aerosolization process. In other words, the increased total porosity of the vaporiser can ensure that carbon deposition from aerosolization does not prevent or significantly hinder wicking of aerosol precursor from the tank. Additionally, it can ensure delayed onset of dry burn and therefore of taste-tainting.
[0010] In some examples, the vaporiser may be housed in a vaporising chamber.
[0011] The inlet of the apparatus may be for drawing air into the aerosol generating apparatus. The outlet of apparatus may be arranged downstream from the inlet along the flow path so as to supply an aerosol-carrying airflow to a user of the aerosol generating apparatus. In some examples, the outlet may be provided in a mouthpiece portion. In this way, a user may draw fluid (e.g. air) into and along the flow path by inhaling at the outlet (i.e. using the mouthpiece portion) .
[0012] In some examples, the air flow path may pass the vaporiser between the air inlet and the outlet. In some examples, the flow path may comprise a first portion extending from the air inlet towards the vaporiser. In further examples, a second portion of the flow path may pass through the vaporising chamber and / or over / around the vaporiser to a conduit that extends to the outlet. In further examples, the conduit may extend along the axial centre of the aerosol generating apparatus. Thus, the second portion of the flow path is downstream of the first portion of the flow path.
[0013] The flow path may contact the porous ceramic body and / or the porous heating element i.e. may contact the vaporiser in order to capture and entrain aerosolised precursor into the airflow flowing along the flow path. In some examples, the flow path may contact a lower surface of the porous ceramic body. The flow path may contact an exposed planar surface of the porous heating element. The flow path may have a tortuous (non-linear) shape i.e. the flow path may comprise one or more deflections. The flow path may bifurcate downstream of the inlet. In some examples the flow path may bifurcate proximal e.g. adjacent to or upon contact with the porous ceramic body, e.g. with the lower surface of the porous ceramic body. Additionally, or alternatively, the flow path may bifurcate proximal e.g. adjacent to or upon contact with the porous heating element. Thus, in some examples, the flow path may not extend through the porous ceramic body and / or through the porous heating element.
[0014] As discussed above, the aerosol generating apparatus may further comprise a tank (reservoir) for storing the aerosol precursor. In some examples, the conduit may extend through the tank with the conduit walls defining an inner region of the tank. In this way, the tank may surround the conduit e.g. the tank may be annular. In some examples, the tank may be defined by one or more side walls (e.g. laterally opposed first and second side walls) extending longitudinally from the mouthpiece portion. In further examples, the tank may further comprise opposing front and rear walls spaced by the laterally opposed first and second side walls.
[0015] In some examples, the tank walls may be integrally formed with the mouthpiece portion.
[0016] In some examples, the distance between the first and second side walls may define a width of the tank. In some examples, the distance between the front and rear walls may define a depth of the tank. In some examples, the width of the tank may be greater than the depth of the tank. In some examples, the length of the tank / component housing may be greater than the width of the tank / component housing. In some examples, the depth of the tank / component housing may be smaller than each of the width and the length.
[0017] In some examples, the tank walls may be integrally formed and may additionally be integrally formed with the mouthpiece portion. In this way, the component may be easily manufactured using injection moulding.
[0018] The tank may be transparent or translucent. In this way, a liquid level in the tank may be viewed through the tank.
[0019] In some examples, the porous heating element may have an exposed planar surface exposed to the flow path. The exposed planar surface of the heating element enables heated aerosol precursor to be picked up by and entrained within an airflow flowing through the aerosol generating apparatus, along the flow path and over the exposed planar surface.
[0020] The porous heating element may further comprise an opposing planar surface, i.e. opposed to the exposed planar surface. The entirety of the opposing planar surface may face the porous ceramic body e.g. may face a lower surface of the porous ceramic body. The lower surface of the porous ceramic body may be planar. This can help enhance heat transfer between the heating element and the porous ceramic body.
[0021] In some examples, the entirety of the opposing planar surface may abut (i.e. contact) , the porous ceramic body e.g. the lower surface of the porous ceramic body. This can further improve heat transfer from the porous heating element to the porous ceramic body. Furthermore, it may facilitate secure attachment of the heating element to the ceramic body.
[0022] The aerosol generating apparatus may be elongate and may extend longitudinally along an axial direction. The porous heating element may have a depth extending between its exposed planar surface and its opposing planar surface (i.e. the opposing planar surface facing / in contact with the porous ceramic body) , along the axial direction. The porous heating element may have a uniform depth. The porous heating element may also extend in a transverse plane perpendicular to the axial direction. This plane may be parallel to the lower surface of the porous ceramic body. The porous heating element may comprise one or more, such as two or more, for example four, bends in its transverse plane For example, the porous heating element may have a serpentine shape in its transverse plane.
[0023] The porous heating element may have a porous mesh or felt structure. The porous heating element may have a woven or non-woven fibre structure.
[0024] The porous heating element may be electrically resistive. That is, the porous heating element may be configured to produce heat from the flow of electrical current therethrough. The porous heating element may be formed of a metallic material. For example, the porous heating element may be formed of ferrochromic aluminium (i.e. an iron-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl) alloy) , or a nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy, or stainless steel, such as grade 304 stainless steel. In some examples, the porous heating element may have a meshed structure formed of woven metallic fibres, or a non-woven structure such as a felt of metallic fibres. Advantageously, such a porous heating element, for example one formed of non-woven FeCrAl fibres, can exhibit increased electrical resistance. Thus, less electric current may be required to generate a desired amount of heat, thereby decreasing current losses, as well as the overall power consumption of the aerosol generating apparatus. Thus, heating efficiency can be improved.
[0025] The porous heating element may be electrically connectable to a power supply of the aerosol generating apparatus via a pair of electrical contacts. The pair of electrical contacts may be spaced along the lateral direction of the aerosol generating apparatus, perpendicular to the axial direction. The porous heating element may extend between the pair of electrical contacts. The electrical contacts may be provided on a surface of the porous ceramic body.
[0026] The porous ceramic body may have an upper portion in fluid communication with (e.g. in direct contact with) the tank such that the porous ceramic body can draw liquid precursor out from the tank. The upper portion of the porous ceramic body may have an upper surface facing the tank. The upper portion of the porous ceramic body may extend into the tank. The porous ceramic body may form the base of the tank so that the aerosol precursor may be in contact with the aerosol precursor. The lower surface of the porous ceramic body may be arranged outside the tank, such that the lower surface is in indirect fluid communication with the tank via the upper portion / upper surface.
[0027] The porous ceramic body may be elongated. For example, the porous ceramic body may be elongated in the transverse direction (i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the aerosol generating apparatus. The porous ceramic body may extend transversely between a first lateral end and a second lateral end. That is, the porous ceramic body may be oriented so as to extend in the direction of the width dimension of the apparatus (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus) . In this way, the porous ceramic body may extend in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the apparatus
[0028] The lower surface of the porous ceramic body is closer to the inlet than the upper portion, while the upper surface / portion is closer to the outlet than the lower surface. In some examples, the porous ceramic body may have a length and width defining its lower surface with a depth aligned with the longitudinal axis of the aerosol generating apparatus. In this way, the upper surface and opposing lower surface of the wick may lie in a transverse plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of component and longitudinal to the first and third portions of the flow path.
[0029] In some examples, a portion of the porous ceramic body e.g. at least a portion of the lower surface and / or at least a portion of at least one side wall extending between the upper portion / surface and lower surface (in a depth direction of the porous ceramic body) may be exposed to airflow in the second portion of the flow path.
[0030] The porous ceramic body may comprise one or more channels in its upper surface / portion (facing the tank) , the channels being in fluid communication with the tank.
[0031] The pores within the porous ceramic body may be substantially uniform in size and / or distribution. The vaporiser may have a total porosity of at least 10%such as at least 15%or at least 20%, for example at least 25%. Increased porosity can help ensure delayed onset of dry burn and therefore of taste-tainting. The porous ceramic body may be substantially monolithic. That is, the porous ceramic body may not enclose or surround any cavities or empty spaces in addition to the pores of its porous structure. For example, the porous ceramic body may be substantially block-shaped. In some examples, the porous ceramic body may be a cuboid, such as a square cuboid. In other examples, the porous ceramic body may be cylindrical.
[0032] The porous ceramic body may have a thermal conductivity coefficient which is lower than that of the porous heating element. In this way, the porous ceramic body can promote containment of heat within the vaporiser for longer, thereby improving heating efficiency.
[0033] The porous ceramic body may have a thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 10, such as less than 5, or less than 3, for example less than 2, or less than 1.5, or less than 1.3. Advantageously, thermal conductivity coefficient values in these ranges can ensure that heat generated by the heating element is not easily dissipated through the porous ceramic body, but instead is retained within the vaporiser, thereby improving heating efficiency. The porous ceramic body may have a thermal conductivity coefficient of at least 0.5, or at least 1, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.5, or at least 2, or at least 5. In some examples, the porous ceramic body may have a thermal conductivity coefficient between 1 and 1.3 inclusive, such as around 1 or around 1.3.
[0034] The porous ceramic body may be formed of a chemically stable microporous ceramic. In some examples, the porous ceramic body may be formed of a zirconium ceramic. Zirconium ceramics tend to have relatively lower thermal conductivity coefficients and as such can promote concentration of heat within the porous heating element, as discussed above.
[0035] The porous heating element may be upstream of the porous ceramic body. For example, the exposed planar surface of the porous heating element may be upstream of the porous ceramic body.
[0036] The porous heating element may be mounted to the porous ceramic body e.g. to the lower surface of the ceramic body. In some examples, the porous heating element may be sintered to the porous ceramic body. The porous heating element may at least partially upstand from the porous ceramic body, e.g. from the lower surface of the porous ceramic body, along the axial direction of the aerosol generating apparatus. For example, the porous heating element may at least partially upstand from the lower surface of the porous ceramic body, away from the upper surface / portion of the porous ceramic body e.g. towards the air inlet of the apparatus.
[0037] In some examples, the porous heating element may be at least partially embedded within the porous ceramic body. That is, the opposing planar surface of the porous heating element may be arranged to contact an inner surface within the porous ceramic body, axially interposed between the lower surface and the upper surface / portion of the porous ceramic body. In some examples, the porous heating element may be embedded within the porous ceramic body such that the exposed planar surface of the porous heating element is coplanar with or recessed into the lower surface of the porous ceramic body. In this way, heating efficiency may be improved. When the porous heating element is at least partially embedded within the porous ceramic body, the porous heating element may form a friction fit with the porous ceramic body, thereby securely fixing the heating element to the porous ceramic body.
[0038] The aerosol generating apparatus may comprise an aerosol generating component (pod) and a device body. The aerosol generating component may be releasably couplable to the device body to form the aerosol generating apparatus. The aerosol generating component may comprise the vaporiser described above, the air inlet (s) , and air outlet (e.g. air outlet in the mouthpiece portion) .
[0039] In some examples, the device body may be configured to receive the component (e.g. the consumable component) . For example, the device body and the component may be configured to be physically coupled together. For example, the component may be at least partially received in a recess of the device body, such that there is snap engagement between the device body and the component. In other examples, the device body and the component may be physically coupled together by screwing one onto the other, or through a bayonet fitting. Thus, the component may comprise one or more engagement portions for engaging with the device body.
[0040] In some examples, the device body and consumable component may be coupled together by magnetic attraction. For example, the device body may comprise at least one magnet whilst the component may comprise a magnet or ferrous metal plate / portion.
[0041] In some examples, the component (e.g. the consumable component) may comprise an electrical interface for interfacing with a corresponding electrical interface of the device body. In further examples, one or both of the electrical interfaces may include one or more electrical contacts. Thus, when the device body is engaged with the component, the electrical interface may be configured to transfer electrical power from the power source to the porous heating element of the component.
[0042] In other examples, the component may be integrally formed with the device body to form the aerosol generating apparatus. In such examples, the aerosol precursor may be replenished by re-filling a tank that is integral with the device body (rather than replacing the consumable component) . Access to the tank may be provided via e.g. an opening to the tank that is sealable with a closure (e.g. a cap) .
[0043] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a vaporiser for use with the aerosol generating apparatus of the first aspect.
[0044] The vaporiser may comprise:
[0045] a porous ceramic body for wicking an aerosol precursor; and
[0046] a porous heating element.
[0047] The porous heating element may comprise an exposed planar surface which is in use exposed to a flow path of the apparatus. The porous heating element may further comprise an opposing planar surface, the entirety of which surface faces the porous ceramic body.
[0048] The vaporiser of the second aspect may have any one or any combination of the features discussed with reference to the vaporiser of the first aspect. For example, the porous heating element of the second aspect may have any one or any combination of the features of the porous heating element of the apparatus of the first aspect. Similarly, the porous ceramic body of the second aspect may have any one or any combination of the features of the porous ceramic body of the apparatus of the first aspect.
[0049] It is thought that the aerosol generating apparatus of the first aspect and the vaporiser of the second aspect may have advantages in generating aerosol having a well-controlled particle size and in reducing heat degradation of flavoured compounds of the aerosol precursor. For example, the aerosol generating apparatus of the first aspect and the vaporiser of the second aspect may generate aerosol with particle sizes of 0.2 -7 microns, or less than 10 microns, or less than 7 microns. These particle sizes have been found to be particularly suited to inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs of the user. Furthermore, the heating characteristics of the porous heating element may offer advantages in reducing heat degradation of flavoured compounds in the aerosol precursor.
[0050] The preceding summary is provided for purposes of summarizing some examples to provide a basic understanding of aspects of the subject matter described herein. Accordingly, the above-described features should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the subject matter described herein in any way. Moreover, the above and / or proceeding examples may be combined in any suitable combination to provide further examples, except where such a combination is clearly impermissible or expressly avoided. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will become apparent from the following text and the accompanying drawings.
[0051] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0052] Aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of examples in reference to the appended drawings in which like numerals denote like elements.
[0053] Fig. 1 is a block system diagram showing an example aerosol generating apparatus.
[0054] Fig. 2 is a block system diagram showing an example implementation of the apparatus of Fig. 1, where the aerosol generating apparatus is configured to generate aerosol from a liquid precursor.
[0055] Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing an example implementation of the apparatus of Fig. 2.
[0056] Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a component for use with the aerosol generating apparatus according to the present disclosure.
[0057] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a vaporiser according to the present disclosure.
[0058] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a porous heating element according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0059] Before describing several examples implementing the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited by specific construction details or process steps set forth in the following description and accompanying drawings. Rather, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the systems, apparatuses and / or methods described herein could be embodied differently and / or be practiced or carried out in various alternative ways.
[0060] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the presently disclosed inventive concept (s) shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, and known techniques and procedures may be performed according to conventional methods well known in the art and as described in various general and more specific references that may be cited and discussed in the present specification.
[0061] Any patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications mentioned in the specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0062] All examples implementing the present disclosure can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While particular examples have been described, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the systems, apparatus, and / or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the methods described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the inventive concept (s) . All such similar substitutions and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the inventive concept (s) as defined by the appended claims.
[0063] The use of the term “a” or “an” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one, ” as well as “one or more, ” “at least one, ” and “one or more than one. ” As such, the terms “a, ” “an, ” and “the, ” as well as all singular terms, include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Likewise, plural terms shall include the singular unless otherwise required by context.
[0064] The use of the term “or” in the present disclosure (including the claims) is used to mean an inclusive “and / or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or unless the alternatives are mutually exclusive. For example, a condition “A or B” is satisfied by any of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present) , A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present) , and both A and B are true (or present) .
[0065] As used in this specification and claim (s) , the words “comprising, “having, ” “including, ” or “containing” (and any forms thereof, such as “comprise” and “comprises, ” “have” and “has, ” “includes” and “include, ” or “contains” and “contain, ” respectively) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
[0066] Unless otherwise explicitly stated as incompatible, or the physics or otherwise of the embodiments, examples, or claims prevent such a combination, the features of examples disclosed herein, and of the claims, may be integrated together in any suitable arrangement, especially ones where there is a beneficial effect in doing so. This is not limited to only any specified benefit, and instead may arise from an “ex post facto” benefit. This is to say that the combination of features is not limited by the described forms, particularly the form (e.g. numbering) of example (s) , embodiment (s) , or dependency of claim (s) . Moreover, this also applies to the phrase “in one embodiment, ” “according to an embodiment, ” and the like, which are merely a stylistic form of wording and are not to be construed as limiting the following features to a separate embodiment to all other instances of the same or similar wording. This is to say, a reference to ‘an, ’ ‘one, ’ or ‘some’ embodiment (s) may be a reference to any one or more, and / or all embodiments, or combination (s) thereof, disclosed. Also, similarly, the reference to “the” embodiment may not be limited to the immediately preceding embodiment. Further, all references to one or more embodiments or examples are to be construed as non-limiting to the claims.
[0067] The present disclosure may be better understood in view of the following explanations, wherein the terms used that are separated by “or” may be used interchangeably:
[0068] As used herein, an "aerosol generating apparatus" (or “electronic (e) -cigarette” ) may be an apparatus configured to deliver an aerosol to a user for inhalation by the user. The apparatus may additionally / alternatively be referred to as a “smoking substitute apparatus” , if it is intended to be used instead of a conventional combustible smoking article. As used herein a combustible “smoking article” may refer to a cigarette, cigar, pipe or other article, that produces smoke (an aerosol comprising solid particulates and gas) via heating above the thermal decomposition temperature (typically by combustion and / or pyrolysis) .
[0069] As used herein, an "aerosol generating component" may refer to a component that includes an aerosol precursor. The component may include an aerosol generating unit e.g. it may be arranged as a cartomizer. The component may include a mouthpiece. The component may include an information carrying medium. The component may include a storage portion, e.g. a reservoir or tank, for storage of the aerosol precursor.
[0070] The aerosol precursor may be referred to as. an e-liquid, and the component may be referred to as a “pod” or an “e-liquid consumable” . In some embodiments, the aerosol precursor component may be affixed to the device body to form the aerosol generating apparatus. In these embodiments, the reservoir / tank may be refillable.
[0071] The aerosol generating component e.g. the pod or consumable may be for releasable coupling to a device body to form the aerosol generating apparatus.
[0072] The device body may comprise a power supply for powering the aerosol generating unit.
[0073] An aerosol generated by the apparatus may comprise an aerosol with particle sizes of 0.2 -7 microns, or less than 10 microns, or less than 7 microns. This particle size may be achieved by control of one or more of: heater temperature; cooling rate as the vapour condenses to an aerosol; flow properties including turbulence and velocity. The generation of aerosol by the aerosol generating apparatus may be controlled by an input device. The input device may be configured to be user-activated, and may for example include or take the form of an actuator (e.g. actuation button) and / or an airflow sensor.
[0074] Each occurrence of the aerosol generating apparatus being caused to generate aerosol for a period of time (which may be variable) may be referred to as an “activation” of the aerosol generating apparatus. The aerosol generating apparatus may be arranged to allow an amount of aerosol delivered to a user to be varied per activation (as opposed to delivering a fixed dose of aerosol) , e.g. by activating an aerosol generating unit of the apparatus for a variable amount of time, e.g. based on the strength / duration of a draw of a user through a flow path of the apparatus (to replicate an effect of smoking a conventional combustible smoking article) .
[0075] The aerosol generating apparatus may be portable. As used herein, the term "portable" may refer to the apparatus being for use when held by a user.
[0076] As used herein, an "aerosol generating system" may be a system that includes an aerosol generating apparatus and optionally other circuitry / components associated with the function of the apparatus, e.g. one or more external devices and / or one or more external components (here “external” is intended to mean external to the aerosol generating apparatus) .
[0077] As used herein, an “external device” and “external component” may include one or more of a: a charging device, a mobile device (which may be connected to the aerosol generating apparatus, e.g. via a wireless or wired connection) ; a networked-based computer (e.g. a remote server) ; a cloud-based computer; any other server system.
[0078] An example aerosol generating system may be a system for managing an aerosol generating apparatus. Such a system may include, for example, a mobile device, a network server, as well as the aerosol generating apparatus.
[0079] As used herein, an "aerosol" may include a suspension of precursor, including for example liquid droplets. Said suspension may be in a gas including air. An aerosol herein may generally refer to / include a vapour. An aerosol may include one or more components of the precursor.
[0080] As used herein, a “precursor” includes a liquid. The precursor may be processed by an aerosol generating unit of an aerosol generating apparatus to generate an aerosol. The precursor may include one or more of: an active component; a carrier; a flavouring. The active component may include one or more of nicotine; caffeine; a cannabidiol oil; a non-pharmaceutical formulation, e.g. a formulation which is not for treatment of a disease or physiological malfunction of the human body. The active component may be carried by the carrier, which may be a liquid, including propylene glycol and / or glycerine. The term “flavouring” may refer to a component that provides a taste and / or a smell to the user. The flavouring may include one or more of: Ethylvanillin (vanilla) ; menthol, Isoamyl acetate (banana oil) ; or other. The precursor may include a substrate, e.g. reconstituted tobacco to carry one or more of the active component; a carrier; a flavouring.
[0081] As used herein, a "storage portion" may be a portion of the apparatus adapted to store the precursor. It may be implemented as fluid-holding reservoir.
[0082] As used herein, a "flow path" may refer to a path or enclosed passageway through an aerosol generating apparatus, e.g. for delivery of an aerosol to a user. The flow path may be arranged to receive aerosol from an aerosol generating unit. When referring to the flow path, upstream and downstream may be defined in respect of a direction of flow in the flow path, e.g. with an outlet being downstream of an inlet.
[0083] As used herein, a "delivery system" may be a system operative to deliver an aerosol to a user. The delivery system may include a mouthpiece and a flow path. The delivery system may be at least partly within the aerosol generating component.
[0084] As used herein, a "flow" may refer to a flow in a flow path. A flow may include aerosol generated from the precursor. The flow may include air, which may be induced into the flow path via a puff by a user.
[0085] As used herein, a “puff” (or "inhale" or “draw” ) by a user may refer to expansion of lungs and / or oral cavity of a user to create a pressure reduction that induces flow through the flow path.
[0086] As used herein, an "aerosol generating unit" may refer to a device configured to generate an aerosol from a precursor. The aerosol generating unit may include a unit to generate a vapour directly from the precursor (e.g. a vaporiser or other system) or an aerosol directly from the precursor (e.g. an atomiser including an ultrasonic system, a flow expansion system operative to carry droplets of the precursor in the flow without using electrical energy or other system) . A plurality of aerosol generating units to generate a plurality of aerosols (for example, from a plurality of different aerosol precursors) may be present in an aerosol generating apparatus.
[0087] Referring to Fig. 1, an example aerosol generating apparatus 1 includes a power supply 2, for supply of electrical energy. The apparatus 1 includes an aerosol generating unit 4 that is driven by the power supply 2. The power supply 2 may include an electric power supply in the form of a battery and / or an electrical connection to an external power source. The apparatus 1 includes a precursor 6, which in use is aerosolised by the aerosol generating unit 4 to generate an aerosol. The apparatus 1 includes a delivery system 8 for delivery of the aerosol to a user.
[0088] Electrical circuitry (not shown in figure 1) may be implemented to control the interoperability of the power supply 2 and aerosol generating unit 4.
[0089] In variant examples, which are not illustrated, the power supply 2 may be omitted since, e.g. an aerosol generating unit implemented as an atomiser with flow expansion may not require a power supply.
[0090] Fig. 2 shows an implementation of the apparatus 1 of Fig. 1, where the aerosol generating apparatus 1 is configured to generate aerosol from a liquid precursor.
[0091] In this example, the apparatus 1 includes a device body 10 and a consumable 30.
[0092] In this example, the body 10 includes the power supply 2. The body may additionally include any one or more of electrical circuitry 12, a memory 14, a wireless interface 16, one or more other components 18.
[0093] The electrical circuitry 12 may include a processing resource for controlling one or more operations of the body 10 and consumable 30, e.g. based on instructions stored in the memory 14.
[0094] The wireless interface 16 may be configured to communicate wirelessly with an external (e.g. mobile) device, e.g. via Bluetooth.
[0095] The other component (s) 18 may include one or more user interface devices configured to convey information to a user and / or a charging port, for example (see e.g. Fig. 3) .
[0096] The consumable 30 includes a storage portion implemented here as a tank 32 which stores the liquid precursor 6 (e.g. e-liquid) . The consumable 30 also includes a vaporiser 34, one or more air inlets 36, and a mouthpiece 38. The consumable 30 may include one or more other components 40.
[0097] The body 10 and consumable 30 may each include a respective electrical interface (not shown) to provide an electrical connection between one or more components of the body 10 with one or more components of the consumable 30. In this way, electrical power can be supplied to components (e.g. the vaporiser 34) of the consumable 30, without the consumable 30 needing to have its own power supply.
[0098] In use, a user may activate the aerosol generating apparatus 1 when inhaling through the mouthpiece 38, i.e. when performing a puff. The puff, performed by the user, may initiate a flow through a flow path in the consumable 30 which extends from the air inlet (s) 34 to the mouthpiece 38 via a region in proximity to the vaporiser 34.
[0099] Activation of the aerosol generating apparatus 1 may be initiated, for example, by an airflow sensor in the body 10 which detects airflow in the aerosol generating apparatus 1 (e.g. caused by a user inhaling through the mouthpiece) , or by actuation of an actuator included in the body 10. Upon activation, the electrical circuitry 12 (e.g. under control of the processing resource) may supply electrical energy from the power supply 2 to the vaporiser 34 which may cause the vaporiser 34 to heat liquid precursor 6 drawn from the tank to produce an aerosol which is carried by the flow out of the mouthpiece 38.
[0100] In this example, the aerosol generating unit 4 is provided by the above-described vaporiser 34 and the delivery system 8 is provided by the above-described flow path and mouthpiece 38.
[0101] In variant embodiments (not shown) , any one or more of the precursor 6, vaporiser 34, air inlet (s) 36 and mouthpiece 38, may be included in the body 10. For example, the mouthpiece 36 may be included in the body 10 with the precursor 6 and vaporiser 34 arranged as a separable cartomizer.
[0102] Figs. 3A and 3B show an example implementation of the aerosol generating apparatus 1 of Fig. 2. In this example, the consumable 30 is implemented as a capsule / pod, which is shown in Fig. 3A as being physically coupled to the body 10, and is shown in Fig. 3B as being decoupled from the body 10.
[0103] In this example, the body 10 and the consumable 30 are configured to be physically coupled together by pushing the consumable 30 into an aperture in a top end 11 the body 10, with the consumable 30 being retained in the aperture via an interference fit.
[0104] In other examples (not shown) , the body 10 and the consumable 30 could be physically coupled together in other ways, e.g. by screwing one onto the other, through a bayonet fitting, or through a snap engagement mechanism, for example.
[0105] The body 10 also includes a charging port (not shown) at a bottom end 13 of the body 10.
[0106] The body 10 also includes a user interface device configured to convey information to a user. Here, the user interface device is implemented as a light 15, which may e.g. be configured to illuminate when the apparatus 1 is activated. Other user interface devices are possible, e.g. to convey information haptically or audibly to a user.
[0107] In this example, the consumable 30 has an opaque cap 31, a translucent tank 32 and a translucent window 33. When the consumable 30 is physically coupled to the body 10 as shown in Fig. 3A, only the cap 31 and window 33 can be seen, with the tank 32 being obscured from view by the body 10. The body 10 includes a slot 15 to accommodate the window 33. The window 33 is configured to allow the amount of liquid precursor 6 in the tank 32 to be visually assessed, even when the consumable 30 is physically coupled to the body 10.
[0108] The consumable 30 is discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 4. The consumable component 30 comprises a tank 32 for storing e-liquid, a mouthpiece portion 38 and a conduit 140 extending along a longitudinal axis of the component 30. In the illustrated embodiment the conduit 140 is in the form of a tube having a substantially circular transverse cross-section (i.e. transverse to the longitudinal axis) . The tank 32 surrounds the conduit 140, such that the conduit 140 extends centrally through the tank 106.
[0109] A component housing 142 defines an outer casing of the component 30. The component housing 142 extends from a lower shell 158 at the lower end 111 of the component 30 to the mouthpiece portion 38 at the upper end 109 of the component 30. The component housing may define a lip or shoulder which acts as a stop feature when the component 30 is inserted into the device body 10 (i.e. by contact with an upper edge of the device body 10) .
[0110] The tank 32, the conduit 140 and the mouthpiece portion 38 are integrally formed with each other so as to form a single unitary component 30 and may e.g. be formed by way of an injection moulding process. Such a component may be formed of a thermoplastic material.
[0111] The mouthpiece portion 38 comprises a mouthpiece aperture 148 defining an outlet of the conduit 140. The vaporiser 34 is downstream of the inlet 134 of the component 30 and is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece aperture 148 (i.e. outlet) by the conduit 140.
[0112] The vaporiser 34 comprises a porous ceramic body 50 for wicking an aerosol precursor 6 from the tank 32 and a porous heating element (not shown) provided on the lower surface (facing the inlet 34) of the porous ceramic body 50. The porous ceramic body 50 forms the base of the tank 32 so that the aerosol precursor is in contact with the porous ceramic body 50 and liquid aerosol precursor can move axially into the wick.
[0113] The aerosol precursor is heated by the porous heating element (when activated e.g. by detection of inhalation) , which causes the aerosol precursor to be vaporised and to be entrained in air flowing past the porous ceramic body 50. This vaporised liquid may cool to form an aerosol in the conduit 140, which may then be inhaled by a user.
[0114] The lower shell 158 of the component housing 142 has an opening that accommodates the electrical interface 119 of the consumable component 30 comprising two electrical contacts 136a, 136b that are electrically connected to the porous heating element (via the respective electrical contacts 45 on the porous heating element shown in Fig. 5) . In this way, when the consumable component 30 is engaged with the device body 10, power can be supplied from the power supply 2 of the device body to the porous heating element 60.
[0115] As discussed above, the aerosol generating apparatus 1 comprises a flow path 150 extending from an inlet 36 of the apparatus 1 (in Fig. 4, the flow path 150 can be seen to extend from an inlet 134 of the consumable component 30) to an outlet 148 of the apparatus 1.
[0116] The vaporiser 34 is discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 5.
[0117] The porous ceramic body 50 is elongated in the lateral direction such that it extends between a first 72 and a second 74 lateral ends. The porous ceramic body 50 has a lower surface 52 and an opposing upper surface 54, axially spaced from and downstream of the lower surface 52. In this example, the upper surface 54 is in fluid communication with the tank 32 such that the porous ceramic body 50 can wick aerosol precursor 6 from the tank 32. However, it is also envisaged that the lateral ends 72, 74 of the porous ceramic body 50 may be in fluid communication with the tank 32, to enable wicking of aerosol precursor 6 from the tank 32.
[0118] In this example, the porous ceramic body 50 is substantially monolithic. That is, the porous ceramic body 50 does not enclose or surround any cavities or empty spaces in addition to the pores of its porous structure. For example, the porous ceramic body 50 is block-shaped, having the shape of a square cuboid.
[0119] The pores within the porous ceramic body 50 are substantially uniform in size and / or distribution. The vaporiser has a total porosity of at least 10%such as at least 15%or at least 20%, for example at least 25.
[0120] The porous ceramic body 50 has a thermal conductivity coefficient which is lower than that of the porous heating element 60. In this example, the porous ceramic body 50 has thermal conductivity coefficient between 1 and 1.3 inclusive. The porous ceramic body 50 is formed of a zirconium ceramic.
[0121] The porous heating element 60 has an exposed planar surface 64 exposed to the flow path 150 and an opposing planar surface 62. The entirety of the opposing planar surface 62 abuts a portion of the porous ceramic body 50 located outside the tank 32. Specifically, the opposing planar surface 62 is mounted to the lower surface of the porous ceramic body 50, e.g. via sintering. In this way, the porous heating element 60 upstands from the lower surface 52 of the porous ceramic body 50, away from the upper surface 54 of the porous ceramic body 50. It is also envisaged that the porous heating element 60 may be at least partially embedded within the porous ceramic body 50 such that the opposing planar surface 62 of the porous heating element 60 is arranged to contact an inner surface within the porous ceramic body 50, axially interposed between the lower surface 52 and the upper surface 54 of the porous ceramic body 50.
[0122] As shown in Fig. 5, the porous heating element 60 has a substantially serpentine shape as viewed in transverse cross-section, perpendicular to the axial direction. As such, the porous heating element 60 comprises a plurality of bends 63 (in the case of Fig. 5, the porous heating element 60 comprises 4 bends) . The porous heating element 60 is electrically connectable to a power supply 2 of the aerosol generating apparatus 1 via a pair of electrical contacts 45. The electrical contacts 45 are provided on the lower surface 52 of the porous ceramic body 50 and are spaced along the lateral direction. The porous heating element 60 extends between the pair of electrical contacts 45.
[0123] In use, the flow path contacts the porous ceramic body 50 and the porous heating element 60 in order to capture and entrain aerosolised precursor 6 into the airflow flowing along the flow path. In this example, the flow path contacts the lower surface 52 of the porous ceramic body 50 and the porous heating element 60 upstanding therefrom. The flow path has a tortuous (non-linear) shape such that it bifurcates upon contact with the porous heating element 60 and the lower surface 52 of the porous ceramic body 50. In this example, the flow path does not extend through the porous ceramic body 50 and / or through the porous heating element 60.
[0124] The structure of the porous heating element 60 is discussed in more detail with reference to Fig. 6.
[0125] The porous heating element 60 is electrically resistive such that it is configured to produce heat from the flow of electrical current therethrough. The porous heating element is formed of a metallic material such as ferrochromic aluminium (i.e. an iron-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl) alloy) , or a nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy, or stainless steel, such as grade 304 stainless steel. In the example of Fig. 6, the porous heating element 60 has a non-woven structure (felt) formed of metallic fibres.
Claims
1.An aerosol generating apparatus comprising:a flow path extending from an inlet of the device to an outlet of the apparatus;a porous ceramic body for wicking an aerosol precursor; anda porous heating element having an exposed planar surface exposed to the flow path and an opposing planar surface, wherein the entirety of the opposing planar surface abuts the porous ceramic body.2.The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the porous heating element has a non-woven structure formed of metallic fibres.3.The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous heating element is formed of one of: iron-chromium-aluminium alloy, or a nickel-chromium alloy, or stainless steel.4.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous heating element has a serpentine shape as viewed in transverse cross-section, perpendicular to an axial direction of the aerosol generating apparatus.5.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous heating element at least partially upstands from the porous ceramic body along an axial direction of the aerosol generating apparatus.6.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous heating element is at least partially embedded within the porous ceramic body.7.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous ceramic body has a lower surface and an opposing upper surface, and the porous heating element is mounted to the lower surface of the porous ceramic body.8.The aerosol generating apparatus of claim 7, wherein the exposed planar surface of the porous heating element is coplanar with or recessed into the lower surface of the porous ceramic body.9.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous ceramic body has a thermal conductivity coefficient which is lower than that of the porous heating element.10.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein porous ceramic body has a thermal conductivity coefficient between 1 and 1.3 inclusive.11.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous ceramic body is formed of a zirconium ceramic.12.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the porous ceramic body is substantially monolithic.13.The aerosol generating apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the flow path bifurcates upon contact with the porous ceramic body.14.A vaporiser for use with the aerosol generating apparatus of any one of the preceding claims, the vaporiser comprising:a porous ceramic body for wicking an aerosol precursor; anda porous heating element having an exposed planar surface, in use exposed to a flow path of the aerosol generating apparatus, and an opposing planar surface, wherein the entirety of the opposing planar surface faces the porous ceramic body.