Devices and methods for multimedia service registration
A novel core network architecture and IMS interworking function streamline multimedia service registration, addressing complexity and inefficiencies in existing systems by facilitating efficient and flexible registration across different network types and devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing systems face challenges in efficiently and flexibly registering multimedia services across different network types and devices within the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), leading to increased complexity and reduced efficiency in the registration process.
A novel core network architecture and service-based architecture function (IMS interworking function) are introduced, allowing devices to transmit and receive requests for multimedia service registration, including subscription information, to streamline the registration process and reduce complexity.
The proposed solution simplifies the multimedia service registration process, improving efficiency and flexibility by reducing the complexity and enhancing the overall registration process.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075152_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MULTIMEDIA SERVICE REGISTRATIONFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for multimedia service registration.BACKGROUND
[0002] The internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) is a framework used to provide multimedia services over IP networks. The IMS aims to integrate various types of communication services, such as voice, video, and messaging, over an IP-based network infrastructure. The IMS is a crucial part of modern telecommunications systems as it facilitates the efficient and flexible delivery of multimedia services. By providing a standardized and scalable architecture, IMS enables operators to offer advanced services, while also ensuring that these services are interoperable across different network types and devices.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage medium for multimedia service registration.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmit, to a third device, a second request for the registration.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a third device. The third device comprises: a processor configured to cause the third device to: receive, from a second device, a second request, the second request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmit, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a fourth device. The fourth device comprises: a processor configured to cause the fourth device to: receive, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; transmit, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system; and receive, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a fifth device. The fifth device comprises: a processor configured to cause the fifth device to: receive, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmit, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a second device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmitting, to a third device, a second request for the registration.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a third device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, a second request, the second request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmitting, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a fourth device. The method comprises: receiving, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; transmitting, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system; and receiving, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a fifth device. The method comprises: receiving, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmitting, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, or tenth aspect.
[0015] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0017] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0018] FIG. 1B illustrates an example network architecture in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0019] FIG. 2A illustrates an example network architecture of the fifth generation (5G) core network;
[0020] FIG. 2B illustrates an example signaling flow of registration to the 5G network;
[0021] FIG. 2C illustrates an example signaling flow of protocol data unit session establishment in the 5G network;
[0022] FIG. 2D illustrates an example architecture of the IMS;
[0023] FIG. 2E illustrates an example signaling flow of registration to an IP IMS;
[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of a registration process to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 4A illustrates an example signaling flow of a registration to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 4B illustrates an example signaling flow of a registration to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a third device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a fourth device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a fifth device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0032] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0033] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0035] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0036] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0037] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0038] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0039] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0040] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0041] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0042] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0043] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0044] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0045] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment 100A involves a plurality of communication devices, including a first device 110, a second device 120, a third device 130, a fourth device 140, and a fifth device 150.
[0046] As illustrated, in the example of FIG. 1A, the first device 110 may communicate with the second device 120. The second device 120 may communicate with the third device 130. The third device 130 may communicate with the fourth device 140. The fourth device 140 may communicate with the fifth device 150.
[0047] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as a terminal device, for example, a UE. The second device 120 may be implemented as a network device, for example, a radio access network (RAN) device, e.g., a gNB. The third device 130 may be implemented as a device implementing a network function, for example, a cell network access function (CNAF) . The fourth device 140 may be implemented as a device implementing a network function, for example, an IMS interworking function. The fifth device 150 may be implemented as a device implementing a network function, for example, a subscriber data management (SDM) function. In some implementations, the first device 110 may be a UE and the second device 120 may be a base station serving the UE.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be understood that one or more additional devices may be located in the communication environment 100. It is noted that the second device 120 may be another device than a network device. The first device 110 may be another device than a terminal device.
[0049] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first device 110 operating as a UE and the second device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0050] In some example embodiments, if the first device 110 is a terminal device and the second device 120 is a network device, a link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the first device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0051] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0052] Reference is made to FIG. 1B, which illustrates an example network architecture 100B in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The network architecture 100B involves a plurality of communication devices, including a UE 101, a RAN device 102, a device implementing the CNAF (also referred to “CNAF” , for purpose of discussion) 103, a device implementing the SDM function (also referred to as “SDM” , for purpose of discussion) 104, a device implementing the IMS interworking function (IMSIF) 104 (also referred to as “IMSFIF 104” , for purpose of discussion) , a device implementing the SDM function (also referred to as “SDM” , for purpose of discussion) 105, a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (referred to as “P-CSCF” , for purpose of discussion) 106, a device implementing a interrogating / serving-call session control function (I / S-CSCF) 107, an application server 108, a device implementing a policy control function (PCF) 109 (also referred to as “PCF 109” , for purpose of discussion) , a home subscriber server (HSS) 111, a media function (MF) 112, and a device implementing a data communications services function 113 (referred to as “DCSF 113” , for purpose of discussion) .
[0053] The UE 101 may be an implementation of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A. The RAN device 102 may be an implementation of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A. The CNAF 103 may be an implementation of the third device 130 in FIG. 1A. The IMSIF 104 may be an implementation of the fourth device 140 in FIG. 1A. The SDM 105 may be an implementation of the fifth device 150 in FIG. 1A.
[0054] In the example of FIG. 1B, a plurality of devices including the UE 101, the RAN device 102, the CNAF 103, the IMSIF 104, and the SDM 105 may be included in a system, for example, a packet switch (PS) system. The P-CSCF 106, the I / S-CSCF 107, the AS 108, the PCF 109, the HSS 111, the MF 112, and the DCSF 113 may be included in a further system, for example, an IMS. For purposes of discussion, the PS system of the network architecture 100B may be also referred to as a PS core network, and the IMS of the network architecture 100B may be also referred to as an IMS core network.
[0055] The PS core network of the network architecture 100B may include a bus structure. The devices implementing the network functions in the PS core network may communicate with each other via the bus structure (also referred to as the “bus” for purpose of discussion) . In some implementations, the network functions may be connected to the bus via a set of standardized protocols and interfaces , e.g., Ocnaf, Osdm, Oimsif. Additionally, interface O1 may be used between the UE 101 and the CNAF 103, and the interface O2 may be used between the RAN device 102 and the CNAF 103. The PS core network may be considered as a part of the 6G core network (6GC) .
[0056] Similarly, the IMS core network of the network architecture 100B may include a bus structure. The devices implementing the network functions in the IMS core network may communicate with each other via the bus structure (also referred to as the “bus” for purpose of discussion) . In some implementations, the network functions may be connected to the bus via a set of standardized protocols and interfaces , e.g., Npcf, Nhss ims, Nmf, and Nimsas.
[0057] Furthermore, from the perspective of the P-CSCF 106, the device communicate with the P-CSCF 106 may be considered as a UE. That is, for the P-CSCF 106, the data transmitted from the IMSIF 104 to the P-CSCF 106 may be considered as data from a UE, and the data transmitted from the P-CSCF 106 to the IMSIF 104 may be considered as data to a UE.
[0058] Furthermore, the UE 101 may provide the network service access to the user, e.g., IMS service. The RAN device 102 may provide the radio access between the UE 101 and the PS core network. The CNAF 103 may act as the signaling entrance of the PS core network from the RAN device 102 and UE 101 perspectives. In some embodiments, the CNAF 103 may distribute the received signaling from the RAN device 102 and the UE 101 to the corresponding core network functions. The CNAF 103 may be the core network signaling end point to the UE 101, where the 6G NAS protocol may be used between the CNAF 103 and the UE 101. The SDM 105 may store the UE subscriptions, static and dynamic data for the UE 101. The IMSIF 104 may interwork between the IMS core network and 6GC in the control plane. From the perspective of the IMS core network, the IMSIF 104 may be a UE.
[0059] The 5G architecture is defined as service-based and the interaction between network functions. Reference is made to FIG. 2A, which illustrates an example network architecture 200A of the 5G core network (5GC) . In the service-based architecture (SBA) 200A, network functions, for example, an access and mobility management function (AMF) , within the control plane enables other authorized network functions to access the services in the architecture. The service-based architecture also includes point-to-point reference points where necessary. The network functions within the 5GC control plane may only use service-based interfaces for interactions.
[0060] By performing a registration process to the 5GC, a UE may establish connectivity with the 5GC, enabling authentication, mobility management, and service access. Reference is made to FIG. 2B, which illustrates an example signaling flow 200B of registration to the 5G network. In the example of FIG. 2B, the UE may be registered to the 5GC and be able to access the services in the 5GC.
[0061] After the registration process, the UE may initiate a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment process for non-roaming and roaming with local breakout. FIG. 2C illustrates an example signaling flow 200C of PDU session establishment in the 5G network. Based on the PDU session establishment process, the UE may be assigned with an IP address, for example, at 2010 in FIG. 2C. Upon receiving the IP address, the UE may transmit uplink data, for example, the first uplink data at 2020 in FIG. 2C.
[0062] The IMS may be supported by a service-based architecture. FIG. 2D illustrates an example architecture 200D of the IMS. As illustrated, there are protocols and interfaces between the devices implementing the network functions in the IMS. For example, the interface Npcf may be a service-based interface exhibited by a device implementing the PCF. The interface Nhss may be a service-based interface (SBI) exhibited by an SBI capable HSS. The SBI services including the PCF and the service of the HSS may provide equivalent functionality to the diameter Rx and Cx / Sh reference points.
[0063] Additionally, the interface Nimsas may be an SBI exhibited by an SBI capable IMS application server (AS) . The interface Nmf may be an SBI exhibited by a device implementing a MF. The SBI services including the service of the IMS AS and the MF may provide functionality to support data channel management and media handling in IMS network.
[0064] To support co-existence of IMS nodes supporting SBA services and IMS nodes not supporting SBA services, the SBI enabled IMS nodes may support both SBI and non-SBI interfaces. Moreover, an interface Nnrf may assist other IMS nodes to use network repository function (NRF) to perform registration, discovery, or selection.
[0065] The UE may perform a registration process to the IMS. FIG. 2E illustrates an example signaling flow 200E of registration to an IMS. As illustrated, in the example of FIG. 2E, the UE may transmit a “Register” message to a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (referred to as “P-CSCF” , for purpose of discussion) . The message may be transmitted via uplink data, for example, the first uplink data in the example of FIG. 2C. Additionally, the UE may receive a “200 OK” message as a response including the result of the registration.
[0066] In a core network of a next generation to NR (e.g., the 6G) , facilitates system and network operation may include, for example, but not limited to, migration scenarios, network simplification, support of legacy services. There is a need to provide multimedia service to the user by the mobile operator in the next generation mobile network. The mechanism for the interworking between packet switch (PS) and IMS core network in the control plane for IMS registration service is to be studied. Specifically, the network architecture and functions for IMS registration service and the procedure of UE initiated IMS registration are to be developed.
[0067] Embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution. In the solution, a new core network architecture and an SBA function IMS interworking function are proposed. The UE may transmit, to a device implementing the IMS interworking function (IMSIF) via a RAN device and a CNAF, a request including a service indication indicating the request is for the registration of the UE to the IMS. After receiving the request, the device implementing the IMSIF may request the subscription information of the UE from a device implementing a subscription and data function (SDM) .
[0068] Reference is made to FIG. 3, a signaling flow 300 of a registration to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the first device 110, the second device 120, the third device 130, the fourth device 140, and the fifth device 150.
[0069] In the example of FIG. 3, the first device 110 may be implemented as, for example, a terminal device. the second device 120 may be implemented as a RAN device. the third device 130 may be implemented as a device implementing a CNAF. The fourth device 140 may be implemented as a device implementing the IMSIF. The fifth device 150 may be implemented as a device implementing the SDM.
[0070] In operation, the first device 110 transmits (3010) , to the second device 120, a request (referred to as “first request” , for purpose of discussion) . The first request includes a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device 110 to a first system. The first system includes an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . Correspondingly, the second device 120 receives (3020) the first request from the first device 110.
[0071] Additionally, the first request may further include a second identification of the first device 110 in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system. In some implementations, the first request may further include an IMS registration message. Specifically, the IMS registration message may include a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device 110 in the first system. In particular, the source IP address and the target IP address in the IMS registration message in the first request may be predetermined, for example, 0.0.0.0.
[0072] Subsequently, after receiving the first request, the second device 120 transmits (3030) , to the third device 130, a second request for the registration. The second request includes the service indication indicating the first request is for the registration of the first device 110 to the first system. correspondingly, the third device 130 receives (3040) the second request from the second device.
[0073] Additionally, the second request may further includes the second identification of the first device 110 in the second system, an IMS registration message, and / or other information. The IMS registration message in the second request may include a source IP address, a target IP address, the first identification of the first device 110 in the first system, and / or the like. In particular, the source IP address and the target IP address in the IMS registration message in the first request may be predetermined, for example, “0.0.0.0” .
[0074] Then, the third device 130 transmits (3050) , to the fourth device 140, a third request for the registration. Correspondingly, the fourth device 140 receives (3060) the third request from the third device 130. In some embodiments, the third request may include the second identification of the first device 110 or an IMS registration message. The IMS registration message in the third request may include a source IP address, a target IP address, or the first identification of the first device 110 in the first system. In particular, the source IP address and the target IP address in the IMS registration message in the first request may be predetermined, for example, 0.0.0.0.
[0075] The fourth device 140, after receiving the third request, transmits (3070) , to the fifth device 150, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device 110 associated with at least one of the first system or the second system. Correspondingly, the fifth device 150 receives (3080) the fourth request from the fifth device 150. The fourth request may include, for example, the first identification of the first device 110, the second identification of the first device 110, a supporting indication indicating that the first device 110 supports the first system and the second system, and / or other information.
[0076] As illustrated in FIG. 3, after receiving (3080) the fourth request, the fifth device 150 transmits (3090) , to the fourth device 140, a fourth response to the fourth request. Correspondingly, the fourth device 140 receives (3100) the fourth response from the fifth device 150.
[0077] In some embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device 110. The subscription information may indicate that the first device 110 supports the first system and the second system. Alternatively, the fourth request may include a supporting indication indicating that the first device 110 supports the first system and the second system, and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device 110. The subscription information may indicate that the first device 110 supports the second system.
[0078] In these two cases, the fourth device 140 may determine an IP address for the first device 110. Additionally, the fourth device 140 may determine the source IP address included in an IMS registration message as the IP address for the first device 110, and a target IP address included in the IMS registration message as an IP address of a sixth device. In some implementations, the sixth device may include a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF) in the first system.
[0079] Then, the fourth device 140 may transmit, to the sixth device, a fifth request for the registration based on the source IP address and the target IP address. Specifically, the fifth request may be included in a data packet in uplink data. The fifth request may include the IMS registration message. In this case, after receiving the fifth request, the sixth device may transmit, to the fourth device 140, a fifth response to the fifth request. Correspondingly, the fourth device may receive the fifth response from the sixth device.
[0080] The fifth response may include a result of the registration. In this case, the fifth response may be included in a data packet in downlink data. The source IP address of the data packet may be determined as the target IP address in the IMS registration message of the fifth request, and the target IP address of the data packet may be determined as the source IP address in the IMS registration message of the fifth request.
[0081] Alternatively, in some implementations, the fourth request may not include the supporting indication indicating that the first device 110 supports the first system and the second system , and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device 110. The subscription information may indicate that the first device 110 supports the second system, and the first device 110 does not support the first system. In some embodiments, the fourth response may not include the subscription information of the first device 110. In these two cases, the fourth device 140 may determine a result of the registration to indicate that the registration is failed.
[0082] After receiving the fifth response or determining the result of the registration as failed, the fourth device 140 may transmit, to the third device 130, a third response to the third request. The third response may include the result of the registration.
[0083] Correspondingly, the third device 130 may receive the third response from the fourth device 140. The second response may include the result of the registration. Additionally, the third device 130 may determine whether the result of the registration is successful. If the result of the registration is successful, the third device 130 may maintain a context of the first device 110, for example, a UE context. If the result of the registration is failed, the third device 130 may release the context of the first device 110.
[0084] After receiving the third response, the third device 130 may transmit, to the second device 120, a second response to the second request. Correspondingly, the second device 120 may receive the second response from the third device 130. Additionally, the second device 120 may determine whether the result of the registration is successful. If the result of the registration is successful, the second device 120 may maintain a context of the first device 110, for example, a UE context. If the result of the registration is failed, the second device 120 may release the context of the first device 110.
[0085] After receiving the second response, the second device 120 may transmit, to the first device 110, a first response to the first request. The first response may include the result of the registration. Correspondingly, the first device 110 may receive the first response from the second device 120.
[0086] In this way, the registration process of the first device 110 to the first system (e.g., the IMS) may be performed. Additionally, the complexity of the IMS registration process may be reduced. Thus, the efficiency of the registration process to the IMS may be improved.
[0087] Reference is made to FIG. 4A, which illustrates an example signaling flow 400A of a registration to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 4A may be implementations of the example embodiments discussed with reference to FIG. 3.
[0088] As illustrated, the FIG. 4A involves a UE 410, a RAN device 420 (also referred to as “RAN 420” , for purpose of discussion) , a device implementing a CNAF 430 (also referred to as “CNAF 430” , for purpose of discussion) , a device implementing an IMSFIF 440 (also referred to as “IMSIF 440” , for purpose of discussion) , a device implementing an SDM 450 (also referred to as “SDM 450” , for purpose of discussion) .
[0089] In FIG. 4A, the UE 410 may be considered as an implementation of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A. The RAN device 420 may be considered as an implementation of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A. The CNAF 430 may be considered as an implementation of the third device 130 in FIG. 1A. The IMSIF 440 may be considered as an implementation of the fourth device 140 in FIG. 1A. The SDM 105 may be considered as an implementation of the fifth device 150 in FIG. 1A.
[0090] For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400A will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. The network architecture including the UE 410, the RAN 420, the CNAF 430, the IMSIF 440, and the SDM 450 may be implemented as the network architecture 100B in FIG. 1B.
[0091] In operation, at 4010, after the radio connection established between the UE 410 and the RAN 420, the UE 410 may send a registration request message for IMS registration to the RAN 420, which includes a PS UE identification (ID) , a service indication and an IMS registration message. The service indication may indicate that the registration request message is for IMS registration. The IMS registration message may be transparent to the RAN 420 or the CNAF 430. In some embodiments, the source and target IP address may be predetermined value, for example, “0.0.0.0” . The PS UE ID in the IMS registration message may include an IMS UE ID, which may be different from the PS UE ID in the registration request. Alternatively, the IMS UE ID may not be included in the IMS registration message.
[0092] At 4020, the RAN 420 may transmit a registration request message to the CNAF 430. Specifically, the service indication in the registration request message form the UE 410 may be interpreted by the RAN 420 to treat the registration request with the priority corresponding to the IMS registration service. The RAN 420 may send the registration request message to the CNAF 430, which may include the PS UE ID, the service indication for indicating the IMS registration, and an IMS registration message.
[0093] Subsequently, at 4030, the CNAF 430 may transmit a registration request message to the IMSIF 440. In some embodiments, based on the service indication received from the RAN 420, the CNAF 430 may understand that the service indication is for IMS registration. The CNAF 430 may send a registration request message to the IMSIF 440, which may include the PS UE ID and an IMS registration message. The IMS registration message from the CNAF 430 is the same as the one from the UE 410.
[0094] After receiving the registration request from the CNAF 430, at 4040, the IMSIF 440 may send a UE subscription request message to the SDM 450 to request UE subscription. The UE subscription may be an implementation of the subscription information of the UE 410. The UE subscription request message may include the PS UE ID and the IMS UE ID. In some embodiments, the UE subscription request message may include an integrated PS and IMS supporting indication indicating that the UE 410 supports the PS system and the IMS.
[0095] Then, in some embodiments, based on the PS UE ID and the IMS UE ID, the SDM 450 may not find the stored UE subscription, which means that the UE 410 may not be subscribed. In this case, at 4050, the SDM 450 may send a UE subscription response to the IMSIF 440 including information indicating that the UE subscription is not found.
[0096] In some implementations, the UE subscription request message received from the IMSIF may not include the integrated PS and IMS supporting indication. Based on the PS UE ID and the IMS UE ID, the SDM 450 may find the UE subscription indicating that the UE 410 supports the PS system but the SDM 450 is not able to find the UE subscription indicating that the UE 410 supports the IMS. For example, the SDM 450 may find a PS subscription of the UE 410 and may not find an IMS subscription of the UE 410.
[0097] In this case, at 4050, the SDM 450 may send a UE subscription response to the IMSIF 440 including the UE subscription indicating that the UE 410 supports the PS system. In some implementations, the UE subscription included in the UE subscription response may also indicate that the UE 410 does not support the IMS.
[0098] After receiving the UE subscription response from the SDM 450, based on the information in the UE subscription response and / or the UE subscription, the IMSIF 440 may determine that the registration result of the UE 410 as failed. At 4080, the IMSIF 440 may send a registration response message to the CNAF 430 with the registration result. Based on the registration result received from the IMSIF 440 indicating that the registration is failed, the CNAF 430 may release the UE context of the UE 410 right now or after some time, e.g., configured by the operators.
[0099] Additionally, at 4090, the CNAF 430 may send a registration response message to the RAN 420 with the registration result. If the result is successful, the RAN can keep the UE context for the future usage. Based on the registration result received from the CNAF 430 indicating that the registration is failed, the CNAF 430 may release the UE context of the UE 410 right now or after some time, e.g., configured by the operators.
[0100] Then, at 4100, the RAN 420 may send the registration response to the UE 410 with the registration result.
[0101] In this way, the registration process may be performed in an efficient way. The UE 410 may try to register to the IMS via the IMSIF 440. The registration result may be determined by the IMSIF 440 and received by the UE 410. The complexity of the registration process may be reduced. Thus, the flexibility and the efficiency of the registration process may be improved.
[0102] Reference is made to FIG. 4B, which illustrates an example signaling flow 400B of a registration to IMS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 4B may be implementations of the example embodiments discussed with reference to FIG. 3.
[0103] Similar to the example of FIG. 4A, the example of FIG. 4B also involves the UE 410, the RAN 420, the CNAF 430, the IMSIF 440, and the SDM 450. Additionally, the example of FIG. 4B further involves a device implementing a P-CSCF (also referred to as “P-CSCF” , for purpose of discussion) 460. Different from the example of FIG. 4A, in the embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 4B, the P-CSCF 460 may be involved to determine whether the IMS registration is successful and notify the IMS registration result to other devices, such as the IMSIF 440.
[0104] At 4510, the UE 410 may send a registration request message for IMS registration to the RAN 420. This step is similar to 4010 and thus will not be repeated here. Than, at 4520, the RAN 420 may transmit a registration request message to the CNAF 430. This step is similar to 4020 and thus will not be repeated here.
[0105] At 4530, the CNAF 430 may transmit a registration request message to the IMSIF 440. This step is similar to 4030 and thus will not be repeated here. Then, at 4540, the IMSIF 440 may send a UE subscription request message to the SDM 450. This step is similar to 4040 and thus will not be repeated here.
[0106] Then, in some embodiments, based on the PS UE ID and the IMS UE ID, the SDM 450 may find the UE subscription of the UE 410 including a PS subscription and the integrated PS and IMS supporting indication in the stored UE subscriptions. The IMSIF 440 may authenticate and authorize the UE 410 with the PS subscription.
[0107] If the UE 410 is authenticated and authorized successfully, based on the integrated PS and IMS supporting indication, the IMSIF 440 may send an IMS registration request message to the P-CSCF 460 at 4560. If the UE 410 is not authenticated or authorized successfully. The IMSIF 440 may determine that the registration result is failed and may not send the IMS registration request message.
[0108] Alternatively, based on the PS UE ID and the IMS UE ID, the SDM 450 may find the UE subscription of the UE 410 including a PS subscription and an IMS subscription in the stored UE subscriptions. The IMSIF 440 may authenticate and authorize the UE 410 with the PS subscription and IMS subscription.
[0109] If the UE 410 is authenticated and authorized successfully on both the PS subscription and the IMS subscription, the IMSIF 440 may send an IMS registration request message to the P-CSCF 460 at 4560. If the UE 410 is not authenticated and authorized successfully on any of the PS subscription and the IMS subscription. The IMSIF may determine that the registration result is failed and may not send the IMS registration request message.
[0110] At 4560, the IMSIF 440 may select an IPv4 / v6 address / prefix pre-configured in the IMSIF 440 for the UE 410, and send an IMS registration request message to the P-CSCF 460. The IMS registration request message may include the IMS registration message from the UE 410 in the procedure of 4510. In some implementations, the IMS registration request message may be transmitted by using the selected IP address to replace 0.0.0.0 as the source IP address of the IMS registration message. The P-CSCF information (e.g. IP address) may be preconfigured in the IMSIF 440. The IP address of the P-CSCF 460 may be used to replace 0.0.0.0 as the target IP address of the IMS registration message.
[0111] After receiving the IMS registration request message, the P-CSCF 460 may perform the UE registration in IMS domain and determine an IMS registration result as successful or failed. Then, at 4070, the P-CSCF 460 may send an IMS registration response message with the registration result of the IMS registration to the IMSIF 440, which may be successful (e.g., a “200 OK” message) or failed.
[0112] In some implementations, the UE subscription of the UE 410 may include a PS subscription and the integrated PS and IMS supporting indication. In this case, if the UE 410 is authenticated and authorized successfully, the IMSIF 440 may send an IMS registration request message to the P-CSCF 460 at 4560. Then, the P-CSCF 460 determines that the IMS registration result is successful, and send the IMS registration response including the registration result to the IMSIF 440 at 4570. Subsequently, the IMSIF 440 may send a registration response to the CNAF 430 including a registration result indicating that both the PS and IMS registration are successful for the UE 410. In the following procedures, the registration result may be further transmitted to other devices.
[0113] Alternatively, the P-CSCF 460 may determine that the IMS registration result is failed, and may send the IMS registration response including the registration result to the IMSIF 440 at 4570. Subsequently, the IMSIF 440 may send a registration response to the CNAF 430 including a registration result indicating that the PS registration is successful but the IMS registration is failed for the UE 410. In the following procedures, the registration result may be further transmitted to other devices.
[0114] In some embodiments, the UE subscription may include a PS subscription and an IMS subscription in the stored UE subscriptions. In this case, if the UE 410 is authenticated and authorized successfully on both the PS subscription and the IMS subscription, the IMSIF 440 may send an IMS registration request message to the P-CSCF 460 at 4560. Then, if both the IMS registration and the PS registration is determined to be successful by the P-CSCF 460, the P-CSCF 460 may send the IMS registration response including the registration result to the IMSIF 440 at 4570. The IMSIF 440 may send a registration response to the CNAF 430 including a registration result indicating that both the PS and IMS registration are successful for the UE 410. In the following procedures, the registration result may be further transmitted to other devices.
[0115] Alternatively, if the UE 410 is not authenticated and authorized successfully on any of the PS subscription and the IMS subscription. The IMSIF may determine that the registration result is failed and may not send the IMS registration request message. In this case, the IMSIF 440 may send, to the CNAF 430, a registration response message including the registration result indicate that the registration is failed.
[0116] Specifically, the registration result may include a PS registration failure or an IMS registration failure based on authentication or authorization on which of the PS subscription and the IMS subscription is failed. For example, the registration result may include a PS registration failure if the UE 410 fails to be authenticated or authorized with the PS subscription. Alternatively or in addition, the registration result may include an IMS registration failure if the UE 410 fails to be authenticated or authorized with the IMS subscription. In the following procedures, the registration result may be further transmitted to other devices.
[0117] At 4580, the IMSIF 440 may send a registration response message to the CNAF 430 with the registration result. Based on the registration result received from the IMSIF 440 indicating that the registration is failed, the CNAF 430 may release the UE context of the UE 410 right now or after some time, e.g., configured by the operators. In some embodiments, if both of the PS registration and the IMS registration are failed, the CNAF 430 may release the UE context.
[0118] At 4590, the CNAF 430 may send a registration response message to the RAN 420 with the registration result. Based on the registration result received from the CNAF 430 indicating that the registration is failed, the RAN 430 may release the UE context of the UE 410 right now or after some time, e.g., configured by the operators. In some embodiments, if both of the PS registration and the IMS registration are failed, the RAN 420 may release the UE context.
[0119] Then, at 4600, the RAN 420 may send a registration response to the UE 410 with the registration result.
[0120] In this way, the registration process may be performed in an efficient way. The UE 410 may try to register to the IMS via the IMSIF 440. The registration result may be determined by the IMSIF 440 and the P-CSCF 460 and received by the UE 410. Additionally, the registration of to the PS system and the IMS may be performed in a single process. The complexity of the registration process may be reduced. Thus, the flexibility and the efficiency of the registration process may be improved.
[0121] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 500 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1A.
[0122] At block 510, the first device 110 transmits, to a second device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system . The first system includes an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0123] In some example embodiments, the first device 110 may receive, from the second device, a first response to the first request, the first response including a result of the registration.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the first request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device and the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device.
[0127] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 600 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1A.
[0128] At block 610, the second device 120 receives, from a first device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system includes an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0129] At block 620, the second device 120 transmits, to a third device, a second request for the registration.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 may receive, from the third device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a result of the registration. The second device 120 may transmit, to the first device, a first response to the first request, the first response including the result of the registration.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the second device 120 may determine whether the result of the registration is successful. If the result of the registration is successful, the second device 120 may maintain the context of the first device. If the result of the registration is failed, the second device 120 may release the context of the first device.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the first request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the second request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, the service indication, or an IMS registration message.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device, and the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) .
[0136] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 700 implemented at a third device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the third device 130 in FIG. 1A.
[0137] At block 710, the third device 130 receives, from a second device, a second request, the second request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0138] At block 720, the third device 130 transmits, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the third device130 may receive, from the fourth device, a third response to the third request, the third response including a result of the registration. The third device130 may transmit, to the second device, a second response to the second request, the second response including the result of the registration.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the third device130 may determine whether the result of the registration is successful. If the result of the registration is successful, the third device130 may maintain the context of the first device. If the result of the registration is failed, the third device130 may release the context of the first device.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the second request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the third request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device, the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function.
[0145] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 800 implemented at a fourth device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the fourth device 140 in FIG. 1A.
[0146] At block 810, the fourth device 140 receives, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0147] At block 820, the fourth device 140 transmits, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system.
[0148] At block 830, the fourth device 140 receives, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the third request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the fourth request may include at least one of: a first identification of the first device in the first system, a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the fourth request may include a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the fourth device 140 may determine an IP address for the first device. The fourth device 140 may determine a source IP address included in an IMS registration message as the IP address for the first device , and a target IP address included in the IMS registration message as an IP address of a sixth device. The fourth device 140 may transmit, to the sixth device, a fifth request for the registration based on the source IP address and the target IP address, the fifth request including the IMS registration message. The fourth device 140 may receive, from the sixth device, a fifth response to the fifth request, the fifth response including a result of the registration.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the fourth request does not include a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system and the first device does not support the first system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the fourth response does not include the subscription information of the first device.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the fourth device 140 may determine a result of the registration to indicate that the registration is failed.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the fourth device 140 may transmit, to the third device, a third response to the third request, the third response including the result of the registration.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the sixth device may include a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF) in the first system.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function, and the fifth device may include a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.
[0161] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 900 implemented at a fifth device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the fifth device 150 in FIG. 1A.
[0162] At block 910, the fifth device 150 receives, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0163] At block 920, the fifth device 150 transmits, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the fourth request may include at least one of: a first identification of the first device in the first system, a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the fourth response does not include the subscription information of the first device.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the first device may include a termina device, the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function, the fifth device may include a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.
[0169] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 1000 may be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110, the second device 120, the third device 130, the fourth device 140, and the fifth device 150.
[0170] As shown, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1020 stores at least a part of a program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one of a transmitter 1042 and a receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and the receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0171] The program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1010, enable the device 1000 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] The memory 1020 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1020 is shown in the device 1000, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1000. The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0173] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device including a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a second device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0174] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device including a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a third device, a second request for the registration. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0175] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third device including a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second device, a second request, the second request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the third device as discussed above.
[0176] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fourth device including a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the fourth device as discussed above.
[0177] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fifth device including a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the fifth device as discussed above.
[0178] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0179] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a second device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . In some embodiments, the first apparatus may include means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further include means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0180] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus may include means for receiving, from a first device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The second apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a third device, a second request for the registration. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may include means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further include means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0181] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third apparatus is provided. The third apparatus may include means for receiving, from a second device, a second request, the second request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The third apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may include means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further include means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0182] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fourth apparatus is provided. The fourth apparatus may include means for receiving, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The fourth apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system. The fourth apparatus may include means for receiving, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may include means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further include means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0183] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fifth apparatus is provided. The fifth apparatus may include means for receiving, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The fifth apparatus may include means for transmitting, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request. In some embodiments, the fifth apparatus may include means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. In some example embodiments, the fifth apparatus may further include means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0184] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0185] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device including: a processor configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .
[0186] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: receive, from the second device, a first response to the first request, the first response including a result of the registration.
[0187] In some embodiments, the first request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0188] In some embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0189] In some embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device and the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device.
[0190] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device including: a processor configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a first request, the first request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The second device may transmit, to a third device, a second request for the registration.
[0191] In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: receive, from the third device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a result of the registration. transmit, to the first device, a first response to the first request, the first response including the result of the registration.
[0192] In some embodiments, 8. The device of claim 7, the second device is caused to: determine whether the result of the registration is successful; in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is successful, maintain a context of the first device; or in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is failed, release the context of the first device.
[0193] In some embodiments, the first request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0194] In some embodiments, the second request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, the service indication, or an IMS registration message.
[0195] In some embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0196] In some embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device, and the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) .
[0197] In an aspect, it is proposed a third device including: a processor configured to cause the third device to: receive, from a second device, a second request, the second request including a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The third device may transmit, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.
[0198] In some embodiments, the third device is caused to: receive, from the fourth device, a third response to the third request, the third response including a result of the registration. transmit, to the second device, a second response to the second request, the second response including the result of the registration.
[0199] In some embodiments, 15. The device of claim 14, the third device is caused to: determine whether the result of the registration is successful; in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is successful, maintain a context of the first device; or in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is failed, release the context of the first device.
[0200] In some embodiments, the second request may further include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0201] In some embodiments, the third request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in a second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0202] In some embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0203] In some embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the second device may include a radio access network (RAN) device, the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function.
[0204] In an aspect, it is proposed a fourth device including: a processor configured to cause the fourth device to: receive, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) . The fourth device may transmit, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system. The fourth device may receive, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0205] In some embodiments, the third request may include at least one of: a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or an IMS registration message.
[0206] In some embodiments, the IMS registration message may include at least one of: a source IP address, a target IP address, or a first identification of the first device in the first system.
[0207] In some embodiments, the fourth request may include at least one of : a first identification of the first device in the first system, a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.
[0208] In some embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0209] In some embodiments, the fourth request may include a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0210] In some embodiments, the fourth device is caused to: determine an IP address for the first device; determine a source IP address included in an IMS registration message as the IP address for the first device , and a target IP address included in the IMS registration message as an IP address of a sixth device; transmit, to the sixth device, a fifth request for the registration based on the source IP address and the target IP address, the fifth request including the IMS registration message; and receive, from the sixth device, a fifth response to the fifth request, the fifth response including a result of the registration.
[0211] In some embodiments, the fourth request does not include a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system , and the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system and the first device does not support the first system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0212] In some embodiments, the fourth response does not include the subscription information of the first device.
[0213] In some embodiments, the fourth device is caused to: determine a result of the registration to indicate that the registration is failed.
[0214] In some embodiments, the fourth device is caused to: transmit, to the third device, a third response to the third request, the third response including the result of the registration.
[0215] In some embodiments, the sixth device may include a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF) in the first system.
[0216] In some embodiments, the first device may include a terminal device, the third device may include a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function, and the fifth device may include a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.
[0217] In an aspect, it is proposed a fifth device including: a processor configured to cause the fifth device to: receive, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system. The first system may include an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; and transmit, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.
[0218] In some embodiments, the fourth request may include at least one of : a first identification of the first device in the first system, a second identification of the first device in the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system, or a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.
[0219] In some embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0220] In some embodiments, the fourth response may include the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system. The second system may include a packet switch (PS) system.
[0221] In some embodiments, the fourth response does not include the subscription information of the first device.
[0222] In some embodiments, the first device may include a termina device, the fourth device may include a device implementing an IMS interworking function, the fifth device may include a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.
[0223] In an aspect, a first device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0224] In an aspect, a second device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0225] In an aspect, a third device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the third device discussed above.
[0226] In an aspect, a fourth device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the fourth device discussed above.
[0227] In an aspect, a fifth device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the fifth device discussed above.
[0228] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0229] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0230] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third device discussed above.
[0231] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the fourth device discussed above.
[0232] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the fifth device discussed above.
[0233] In an aspect, a computer program including instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0234] In an aspect, a computer program including instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0235] In an aspect, a computer program including instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third device discussed above.
[0236] In an aspect, a computer program including instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the fourth device discussed above.
[0237] In an aspect, a computer program including instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the fifth device discussed above.
[0238] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0239] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0240] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0241] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0242] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0243] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to a second device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .2.The device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to:receive, from the second device, a first response to the first request, the first response comprising a result of the registration.3.The device of claim 1, wherein the first request further comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in a second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, oran IMS registration message, wherein the IMS registration message comprises at least one of:a source IP address,a target IP address, ora first identification of the first device in the first system.4.The device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first device comprises a terminal device and the second device comprises a radio access network (RAN) device.5.A second device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:receive, from a first device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmit, to a third device, a second request for the registration.6.The device of claim 5, wherein the second device is caused to:receive, from the third device, a second response to the second request, the second response comprising a result of the registration.transmit, to the first device, a first response to the first request, the first response comprising the result of the registration.7.The device of claim 6, the second device is caused to:determine whether the result of the registration is successful;in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is successful, maintain a context of the first device; orin accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is failed, release the context of the first device.8.The device of claim 5, wherein the first request further comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in a second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, oran IMS registration message.9.The device of claim 5, wherein the second request comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in a second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system,the service indication, oran IMS registration message, wherein the IMS registration message comprises at least one of:a source IP address,a target IP address, ora first identification of the first device in the first system.10.The device of any of claims 5 to 9, wherein the first device comprises a terminal device, the second device comprises a radio access network (RAN) device, and the third device comprises a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) .11.A third device comprising:a processor configured to cause the third device to:receive, from a second device, a second request, the second request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmit, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.12.The device of claim 11, wherein the third device is caused to:receive, from the fourth device, a third response to the third request, the third response comprising a result of the registration.transmit, to the second device, a second response to the second request, the second response comprising the result of the registration.13.The device of claim 12, the third device is caused to:determine whether the result of the registration is successful;in accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is successful, maintain a context of the first device; orin accordance with a determination that the result of the registration is failed, release the context of the first device.14.The device of claim 11, wherein the second request further comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in a second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, oran IMS registration message.15.The device of claim 11, wherein the third request comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in a second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, oran IMS registration message, wherein the IMS registration message comprises at least one of:a source IP address,a target IP address, ora first identification of the first device in the first system.16.The device of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the first device comprises a terminal device, the second device comprises a radio access network (RAN) device, the third device comprises a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device comprises a device implementing an IMS interworking function.17.A fourth device comprising:a processor configured to cause the fourth device to:receive, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ;transmit, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system; andreceive, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.18.The device of claim 17, wherein the third request comprises at least one of:a second identification of the first device in the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, oran IMS registration message, wherein the IMS registration message comprises at least one of:a source IP address,a target IP address, ora first identification of the first device in the first system.19.The device of claim 17, wherein the fourth request comprises at least one of :a first identification of the first device in the first system,a second identification of the first device in the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, ora supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.20.The device of claim 17, wherein the fourth response comprises the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system.21.The device of claim 17, wherein the fourth request comprises a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, and the fourth response comprises the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system.22.The device of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the fourth device is caused to:determine an IP address for the first device;determine a source IP address comprised in an IMS registration message as the IP address for the first device , and a target IP address comprised in the IMS registration message as an IP address of a sixth device;transmit, to the sixth device, a fifth request for the registration based on the source IP address and the target IP address, the fifth request comprising the IMS registration message; andreceive, from the sixth device, a fifth response to the fifth request, the fifth response comprising a result of the registration.23.The device of claim 24, wherein the fourth request does not comprise a supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system , and the fourth response comprises the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system and the first device does not support the first system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system.24.The device of claim 24, wherein the fourth response does not comprise the subscription information of the first device.25.The device of claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the fourth device is caused to:determine a result of the registration to indicate that the registration is failed.26.The device of claim 22 or claim 25, wherein the fourth device is caused to:transmit, to the third device, a third response to the third request, the third response comprising the result of the registration.27.The device of claim 22, wherein the sixth device comprises a device implementing a proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF) in the first system.28.The device of any of claims 17 to 27, wherein the first device comprises a terminal device, the third device comprises a device implementing a cell network access function (CNAF) , the fourth device comprises a device implementing an IMS interworking function, and the fifth device comprises a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.29.A fifth device comprising:a processor configured to cause the fifth device to:receive, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmit, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.30.The device of claim 29, wherein the fourth request comprises at least one of :a first identification of the first device in the first system,a second identification of the first device in the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system, ora supporting indication indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system.31.The device of claim 29, wherein the fourth response comprises the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the first system and the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system.32.The device of claim 29, wherein the fourth response comprises the subscription information of the first device, the subscription information indicating that the first device supports the second system, wherein the second system comprises a packet switch (PS) system.33.The device of claim 29, wherein the fourth response does not comprise the subscription information of the first device.34.The device of any of claims 29 to 33, wherein the first device comprises a termina device, the fourth device comprises a device implementing an IMS interworking function, the fifth device comprises a device implementing a subscriber data management (SDM) function.35.A communication method implemented at a first device, comprising:transmitting, to a second device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of the first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) .36.A communication method implemented at a second device, comprising:receiving, from a first device, a first request, the first request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmitting, to a third device, a second request for the registration.37.A communication method implemented at a third device, comprising:receiving, from a second device, a second request, the second request comprising a service indication indicating the first request is for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmitting, to a fourth device, a third request for the registration.38.A communication method implemented at a fourth device, comprising:receiving, from a third device, a third request for a registration of a first device to a first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ;transmitting, to a fifth device, a fourth request for subscription information of the first device associated with at least one of the first system or a second system different from the first system; andreceiving, from the fifth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.39.A communication method implemented at a fifth device, comprising:receiving, from a fourth device, a fourth request for subscription information of a first device, the subscription information being associated with at least one of a first system or a second system different from the first system, wherein the first system comprises an internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) ; andtransmitting, to the fourth device, a fourth response to the fourth request.40.A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 35-39.