Acrylate coagent for boosting e-beam crosslinking of OBC based formulations for artifical leather
The combination of olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber, and acrylate coagent in OBC-based artificial leather formulations addresses low gel content and Bally flex resistance issues, achieving improved crosslinking and mechanical performance through irradiation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing OBC-based artificial leather formulations exhibit low gel content and poor Bally flex resistance, necessitating improved crosslinking efficiency for enhanced durability and mechanical performance.
A polymer composition comprising olefin block copolymer and EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75% or less, combined with 0.1-10 wt% of an acrylate type coagent, is crosslinked using irradiation to achieve a gel content of at least 30% by weight, thereby boosting crosslinking and Bally flex resistance.
The composition achieves improved crosslinking efficiency and Bally flex resistance, ensuring enhanced durability and mechanical performance of artificial leather.
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Figure PCTCN2025075446-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025075446-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025075446-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ACRYLATE COAGENT FOR BOOSTING E-BEAM CROSSLINKING OF OBC BASED FORMULATIONS FOR ARTIFICAL LEATHERFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a polymer composition for artificial leather, an artificial leather based on crosslinked OBC and a method for preparing the same, in particular relates to a polymer composition comprising an acrylate coagent for boosting E-beam crosslinking of OBC based formulations.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Polyolefin elastomer (POE, including olefin block copolymer (OBC) , random POE, and the like) based artificial leather is thought to be an eco-friendly and sustainable artificial leather product. Compared with incumbent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather, POE leather is halogen free and also free of phthalate plasticizers. Compared with another incumbent conventional polyurethane (PU) leather, no solvent (e.g. DMF, harmful) is needed during the POE leather manufacturing process. Thus, POE leather production and end of life handling bring less water / air / soil pollution and environment impact. From the view of performance, POE has excellent weatherability and low temperature flexibility, POE is by natural colorless and hydrastable, it is capable to wider color space. POE leather can be applied in applications with lightweight requirement, for example in luggage / bag, shoe and auto applications, because POE density is much lower than PVC (by ~40%) and PU (by ~25%) . POE provides an alternative solution to synthetic leather, in addition to PVC and PU, in both leather performances and sustainability material solution.
[0004] A crosslinking structure of POE layer is favorable for POE artificial leather for solving the tradeoff between hand-feel / processability and leather performances, like Bally flex resistance, which is a characterization of durability / mechanical fatigue during cyclic flexural stress, heat resistance and so on.
[0005] Irradiation, such as E-beaming (EB) , is one of clean crosslinking technologies, which fits the value proposition of POE artificial leather: eco-friendly and sustainable. To utilize EB crosslinking for POE leather, it is required to have a POE composition to enable high efficiency at an appropriate EB dosage.
[0006] It was found that in the same formulation, OBC as matrix resulted in low gel content level than random POE as matrix. Therefore, there still remains a demand for providing an OBC based composition / formulations for artificial leather, which exhibits improved crosslinking degree and Bally flex resistance.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a polymer composition for artificial leather comprising olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75%or less, and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation.
[0008] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure comprising a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises the polymer composition for artificial leather according to the present disclosure.
[0009] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure according to the present disclosure, which comprises:
[0010] (1) preparing a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises a polymer composition comprising olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75%or less and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, based on the total weight of the polymer composition,
[0011] (2) laminating the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer together; and
[0012] (3) crosslinking the polymer composition by irradiation, so that the polymer composition is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of at least 30%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method.
[0013] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides use of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, in boosting crosslinking of a polymer composition comprising olefin block copolymer and EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75%or less by irradiation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0015] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include all values from, and including, the lower and upper value. For ranges containing explicit values (e.g., 1 or 2; or 3 to 5; or 6; or 7) , any subrange between any two explicit values is included (e.g., 1 to 2; 2 to 6; 5 to 7; 3 to 7; 5 to 6; etc. ) . Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.
[0016] As disclosed herein, the term “composition” , “formulation” , “blend” or “mixture” refers to a physical blend of different components, which is obtained by mixing simply different components by a physical means. The sum of the percentages by weight of each component in a composition is 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0017] As disclosed herein, “and / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0018] The term “polymer” as used herein, refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or a different type. The generic term polymer thus, includes the term homopolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities can be incorporated into the polymer structure) , and the term interpolymer as defined hereinafter. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, can be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, a polymer is stabilized with very low amounts ( “ppm” amounts) of one or more stabilizers.
[0019] The term “interpolymer” as used herein, refers to polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. The term interpolymer thus includes the term copolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers.
[0020] The term “substantially free of” means the content of a certain substance is less than 1wt%, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.2 wt%, less than 0.1 wt%, less than 100 ppm or 0wt%based on the total weight of the corresponding composition or layer (such as the top skin layer or the middle foam layer) comprising the stated substance.
[0021] Polymer composition
[0022] The polymer composition comprises olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75%or less, and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation, such as E-beaming irradiation and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of at least 30%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method. The polymer composition comprises at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 70 wt%, at least 75 wt%, at least 80 wt%of olefin block copolymer based on the total weight of the polymer composition. It may comprise olefin block copolymer at a content of no greater than 97 wt%, no greater than 96 wt%, no greater than 95 wt%, no greater than 90 wt%, no greater than 80 wt%, no greater than 70 wt%, or no greater than 65 wt%.
[0023] It was found in the present disclosure that a small amount of certain coagent, like acrylate based coagent could significantly increase the gel content level of OBC based formulations. Such coagent can enable OBC to perform as well as random POE in terms of gel content level and performances.
[0024] The polymer composition is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of at least 20%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, preferably at least 25%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, more preferably at least 30%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, even more preferably at least 40%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method. Preferably, the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%from about 20%to about 100%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, preferably from about 30%to about 100%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, more preferably from about 20%to about 99%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, even more preferably from about 30%to about 90%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method.
[0025] Olefin block copolymer
[0026] The term “olefin block copolymer (OBC) ” , also called “ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer” or “ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer” as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that includes ethylene and one or more copolymerizable α-olefin comonomers in polymerized form, characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more (preferably three or more) polymerized monomer units, the blocks or segments differing in chemical or physical properties. Specifically, this term refers to a polymer comprising two or more (preferably three or more) chemically distinct regions or segments (referred to as “blocks” ) joined in a linear manner, that is, a polymer comprising chemically differentiated units which are joined (covalently bonded) end-to-end with respect to polymerized functionality, rather than in pendent or grafted fashion. The blocks differ in the amount or type of comonomer incorporated therein, the density, the amount of crystallinity, the type of crystallinity (e.g., polyethylene versus polypropylene) , the crystallite size attributable to a polymer of such composition, the type or degree of tacticity (isotactic or syndiotactic) , region-regularity or region-irregularity, the amount of branching, including long chain branching or hyper-branching, the homogeneity, and / or any other chemical or physical property. The block copolymers are characterized by unique distributions of both polymer polydispersity (PDI or Mw / Mn) and block length distribution, e.g., based on the effect of the use of a shuttling agent (s) in combination with catalyst systems. Non-limiting examples of the olefin block copolymers of the present disclosure, as well as the processes for preparing the same, are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,858,706 B2, 8,198,374 B2, 8,318,864 B2, 8,609,779 B2, 8,710,143 B2, 8,785,551 B2, 9,243,090 B2, and US20230058913 which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0027] Ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymers are characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more polymerized monomer units, differing in chemical or physical properties.
[0028] In some embodiments, the multi-block copolymers can be represented by the following formula: (AB) n, where n is at least 1, preferably an integer greater than 1, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or higher. Here, “A” represents a hard block or segment, and “B” represents a soft block or segment. Preferably the A segments and the B segments are linked in a substantially linear fashion, as opposed to a substantially branched or substantially star-shaped fashion. In other embodiments, the A segments and the B segments are randomly distributed along the polymer chain. In other words, for example, the block copolymers usually do not have a structure as follows: AAA-AA-BBB-BB. In still other embodiments, the block copolymers do not usually have a third type of block or segment, which comprises different comonomer (s) . In yet other embodiments, each of block A and block B has monomers or comonomers substantially randomly distributed within the block. In other words, neither block A nor block B comprises two or more sub-segments (or sub-blocks) of distinct composition, such as a tip segment, which has a substantially different composition than the rest of the block.
[0029] The olefin block copolymers, in general, are produced via a chain shuttling process, such as, for example, described in U.S. Patent 7,858,706, which is herein incorporated by reference. Some chain shuttling agents and related information are listed in Col. 16, line 39, through Col. 19, line 44. Some catalysts are described in Col. 19, line 45, through Col. 46, line 19, and some co-catalysts in Col. 46, line 20, through Col. 51 line 28. Some process features are described in Col 51, line 29, through Col. 54, line 56. See also the following: U.S. Patent 7,608,668; U.S. Patent 7,893,166; and U.S. Patent 7,947,793 as well as US Patent Publication 2010 / 0197880. See also U.S. Patent 9,243,173.
[0030] Preferably, ethylene comprises the majority mole fraction of the whole ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer, i.e., ethylene comprises at least 40 wt%of the whole ethylene / αt-olefin multi-block copolymer. More preferably, ethylene comprises at least 50 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 70 wt%, or at least 80 wt%, with the substantial remainder of the whole ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer comprising the C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer, preferably, the C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer may be selected from butene, pentene, hexene, pentene, heptane, and octene, preferably 1-butene, l-hexene, and 1-octene. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer contains from 40 wt%, 50 wt%, or 60 wt%, or 65 wt%to 80 wt%, or 85 wt%, or 90 wt%ethylene. For many ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymers, the composition comprises an ethylene content greater than 80 wt%of the whole ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymer and an octene content of from 10 wt%to 15 wt%, or from 15 wt%to 20 wt%of the whole ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymer.
[0031] The ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer includes various amounts of “hard” segments and “soft” segments. “Hard” segments are blocks of polymerized units in which ethylene is present in an amount greater than 90 wt%, or 95 wt%, or greater than 95 wt%, or greater than 98 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer, up to 100 wt%. In other words, the comonomer content (content of monomers other than ethylene) in the hard segments is less than 10 wt%, or 5 wt%, or less than 5 wt%, or less than 2 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer, and can be as low as zero. In some embodiments, the hard segments include all, or substantially all, units derived from ethylene. “Soft” segments are blocks ofpolymerized units in which the comonomer content (content of monomers other than ethylene) is greater than 5 wt%, or greater than 8 wt%, or greater than 10 wt%, or greater than 15 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer. In an embodiment, the comonomer content in the soft segments is greater than 20 wt%, or greater than 25 wt%, or greater than 30 wt%, or greater than 35 wt%, or greater than 40 wt%, or greater than 45 wt%, or greater than 50 wt%, or greater than 60 wt%and can be up to 100 wt%.
[0032] The soft segments can be present in an ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer from 1 wt%, or 5 wt%, or 10 wt%, or 15 wt%, or 20 wt%, or 25 wt%, or 30 wt%, or 35 wt%, or 40 wt%, or 45 wt%to 55 wt%, or 60 wt%, or 65 wt%, or 70 wt%, or 75 wt%, or 80 wt%, or 85 wt%, or 90 wt%, or 95 wt%, or 99 wt%of the total weight of the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer. Conversely, the hard segments can be present in similar ranges. The soft segment weight percentage and the hard segment weight percentage can be calculated based on data obtained from DSC or NMR. Such methods and calculations are disclosed in, for example, USP 7,608,668, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In particular, hard and soft segment weight percentages and comonomer content may be determined as described in column 57 to column 63 of USP 7,608,668.
[0033] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer is produced in a continuous process and possesses a polydispersity index (Mw / Mn) from 1.7 to 3.5, or from 1.8 to 3, or from 1.8 to 2.5, or from 1.8 to 2.2. When produced in a batch or semi-batch process, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer possesses Mw / Mn from 1.0 to 3.5, or from 1.3 to 3, or from 1.4 to 2.5, or from 1.4 to 2.
[0034] Nonlimiting examples of suitable ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,608,668, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0035] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer consists of only (i) ethylene and (ii) a C4-C8 α-olefin.
[0036] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer has hard segments and soft segments, is styrene-free, consists of only (i) ethylene and (ii) a C4-C8 α-olefin, and is defined as having a Mw / Mn from 1.7 to 3.5.
[0037] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer has a density of between about 0.850 g / cc and about 0.890 g / cc, preferably between about 0.855 g / cc and 0.880 g / cc, more preferably between about 0.858 g / cc and about 0.870 g / cc, even more preferably between about 0.860 g / cc and about 0.868 g / cc.
[0038] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI of not greater than about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably not greater than about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 17 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably not greater than about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg or not greater than 12 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, Alternatively, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI from about 0.1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably about 0.5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably about 1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably about 5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg.
[0039] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a melting point of 100-130℃, more preferably 100-125 ℃, more preferably 110-122 ℃.
[0040] Suitable ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer can be INFUSETM from Dow, such as INFUSETM 9107N, INFUSETM 9500N, INFUSETM 9507N, or INFUSETM 9807N.
[0041] Optional Random polyolefin elastomer
[0042] An ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer (also called random POE) is an ethylene / propylene random copolymer or an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin random copolymer. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer. The ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer is composed of, or otherwise consists of, ethylene and one copolymerizable C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer in polymerized form. The C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer may be selected from butene, pentene, hexene, heptane, and octene, preferably 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
[0043] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a density of between about 0.850 g / cc and about 0.900 g / cc, preferably between about 0.855 g / cc and 0.890 g / cc, more preferably between about 0.857 g / cc and about 0.885 g / cc, even more preferably between about 0.863 g / cc and about 0.880 g / cc.
[0044] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI of not greater than about 30 g / 10 min (at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg) , preferably not greater than about 25 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably not greater than about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg or not greater than 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, Alternatively, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI from about 1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 30 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably about 2 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably about 3 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably about 5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg.
[0045] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a melting point of 25-100 ℃, more preferably 30-80 ℃, more preferably 35-70 ℃, even more preferably 40-60 ℃
[0046] Suitable ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer can be ENGAGETM from Dow, such as ENGAGETM 8003, ENGAGETM 8842, ENGAGETM7447, ENGAGETM 8150, ENGAGETM 7467 or ENGAGETM 8137.
[0047] EPDM rubber
[0048] Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is a terpolymer elastomer derived from ethylene and propylene, along with small amounts of a non-conjugated diene as a third monomer. The non-conjugated diene as a third monomer is selected from the group consisting of ethylidene norbornene (ENB) , dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) , vinyl norbornene (VNB) and 1, 4-hexadiene (HD) . Preferably, the EPDM rubber comprises a terpolymer elastomer derived from ethylene, propylene and ethylidene norbornene (ENB) .
[0049] In some embodiments, the EPDM rubber has a content of the non-conjugated diene of 0.1%or more, based on the weight of the EPDM rubber, preferably equal to or more than 0.2%, preferably equal to or more than 0.3%, preferably equal to or more than 0.5%, preferably equal to or more than 0.6%, preferably equal to or more than 0.8%, or preferably equal to or more than 1.0%. In some embodiments, the EPDM rubber has a content of the non-conjugated diene of 20%or less, based on the weight of the EPDM rubber, preferably equal to or less than 15%, preferably equal to or less than 12%, preferably equal to or less than 10%, preferably equal to or less than 9%, preferably equal to or less than 8.5%, preferably equal to or less than 8%, or preferably equal to or less than 5%.
[0050] Preferably, the EPDM rubber has a content of the non-conjugated diene of 0.3-15%, preferably 0.5-15%, more preferably 1.0-10%.
[0051] In some embodiments, the EPDM may be present in an amount of 3-45, or 5-40 weight percent, preferably 10-30 or 20-30 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition.
[0052] The polymer composition may be crosslinked by irradiation crosslinking technology known in the art. The crosslinking reaction can also be performed by irradiation, for example, E-beam treatment, at a dose of, such as 30-200 KGy, preferably 40-150 KGy, more preferably 50-120 KGy. In one embodiment, the polymer composition is crosslinked by E-beaming at a dose of 80 KGy. In some embodiments, the EPDM rubber has an ethylene content of 75%or less based on the weight of the EPDM rubber, preferably equal to or less than 70%, preferably less than equal to or 60%, preferably equal to or less than 55%, preferably equal to or less than 50%, preferably equal to or less than 45%. In some embodiments, the EPDM rubber has an ethylene content of 10%or more, preferably equal to or more than 15%, preferably equal to or more than 25%, preferably equal to or more than 30%, preferably equal to or more than 40%. Preferably, the EPDM rubber has an ethylene content of 10-75%, preferably 30-70%.
[0053] Acrylate type coagent
[0054] The acrylate type coagent comprises at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups having 1-50 carbon atoms, 2-40 carbon atoms, 3-30 carbon atoms, 4-20 carbon atoms or 5-10 carbon atoms. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 is H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or isobutyl. Preferably, the acrylate type coagent is a multi-functional acrylate type coagent comprising at least two acylate moieties, such as diacylates or triacylates.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the acrylate type coagent is at least one selected from trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) , trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) , ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) , 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) , pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) , pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, tris (2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, or propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate. Preferably, the acrylate type coagent is trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) or trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) .
[0056] In some embodiments, the acrylate type coagent may be present in an amount of 0.05-9.0 weight percent, 0.06-6 weight percent, 0.08-4 weight percent or 0.1-1.5 weight percent, preferably 0.2-1.0 weight percent based on the total weight of the polymer composition.
[0057] In some embodiments, the polymer composition comprises 50-97%by weight of olefin block copolymer, 3-50%by weight of EPDM rubber and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, with a proviso that the total sum of the weight percentage of olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber and acrylate type coagent does not exceed 100 wt%
[0058] Top skin layer
[0059] The top skin layer comprises the polymer composition according to the present disclosure. The top skin layer can also comprise one or more optional additives such as processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , extenders, blocking agents, pigments and / or dyes, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers and / or absorbers, oils, flame retardants, fillers (such as talc, calcium carbonate) , tackifiers, color masterbatch and the like.
[0060] Preferably, the top skin layer is substantially free of propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer.
[0061] Foam Layer
[0062] The foam layer (also called a middle foam layer) comprises at least one of (i) an olefin block copolymer, and (ii) an ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer. The optional foam layer may comprise ethylene-polar monomer copolymer or MAH-g-PE copolymer or a tie resin (e.g., BYNEL) .
[0063] The foam layer can also comprise the gas from the decomposed blowing agent or the gas originally from the decomposed blowing agent and has already been partially or totally replaced by air and any unreacted, residual blowing agent. The middle foam layer can also comprise one or more optional additives such as processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , extenders, blocking agents, pigments and / or dyes, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers and / or absorbers, oils, flame retardants, fillers (such as talc, calcium carbonate) , and the like.
[0064] The middle foam layer can be compositionally the same as the top skin layer except for the gas and by-products attributable to the foaming process.
[0065] The middle foam layer typically comprises at least 10 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, more typically at least 40 wt%, more typically at least 50 wt%and even more typically at least 60 wt%of an olefin block copolymer. The maximum amount of olefin block copolymer in the middle foam layer typically does not exceed 90 wt%, more typically does not exceed 80 wt%and even more typically does not exceed 70 wt%, based on the total weight of the foam layer.
[0066] Preferably, the middle foam layer is substantially free of propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer.
[0067] Generally, the blowing agent is incorporated into the copolymer composition which is to be foamed in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 30 phr, preferably 1 to 20 phr and more preferably 2 to 10 phr. The blowing agent typically is incorporated into the melt stream under a pressure which is sufficient to inhibit its activation, that is, to inhibit foaming of the melt stream during the incorporation of the blowing agent and subsequent processing of the composition until the stream is ready to be foamed.
[0068] If present at all, the total amount of optional additives present in the foam layer typically is greater than zero, more typically at least 1 and even more typically at least 2, phr. If present at all, the total amount of optional additives in the foam layer typically does not exceed 10 phr, more typically does not exceed 7 phr and even more typically does not exceed 5 phr.
[0069] If present at all, the total amount of optional filler present in the foam layer typically is greater than zero, more typically at least 5 wt%and even more typically at least I0 wt%. If present at all, the total amount of optional fillers in the foam layer typically does not exceed 60 wt%, more typically does not exceed 40 wt%and even more typically does not exceed 20 wt%.
[0070] The foam layer is typically prepared by blending or compounding the individual components with one another in any conventional mixing apparatus, e.g., BrabenderTM internal mixer, HaakeTM internal mixer, BanburyTM kneader or any suitable extruder, under conditions and for a time that produces an at least substantially homogeneous mixture, calendaring the mixture using conventional equipment and conditions to form a sheet, and then heat laminating the sheet to the top skin layer and / or bottom fabric layers using conventional lamination equipment and conditions. The foam layer is typically not subjected to foaming conditions until after it is laminated to at least one of the top skin layer and bottom fabric layers, preferably not until it is laminated to both layers (if a three-or more layer structure) . The foaming conditions are such that very fine and regular cells are formed throughout the layer. Typical foaming conditions include an oven temperature of 220℃. or more and an oven residence time of 60-180 seconds. The foam expansion ratio is based on the ratio of expanded thickness to original (non-expanded) thickness (herein referred to as the thickness ratio) , and it is typically 1.5 to 4, more typically 2 to 3.
[0071] Bottom Fabric Layer
[0072] The bottom fabric layer comprises a flexible, polymeric material which can be woven, nonwoven, knitted, plained, spunbond, etc., and it can comprise natural and / or synthetic fiber. In one embodiment, the fabric layer is a nonwoven, polymeric, spunbond material of a weight of 100-500 g / m2, more typically of 150-400 g / m2 and even more typically of 200-350 g / m2. Fabrics that can be used in the practice of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, cotton, silk and various synthetics based on polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. ) , nylon, polyester, polyurethane (e.g., a spandex material) , and the like. In one embodiment, the preferred fabric is prepared from polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene. The fabric can be subjected to a pre-lamination treatment, e.g., corona surface treatment, impregnation, etc., or not, and the foam or top skin layer is ultimately heat laminated to it.
[0073] Blowing Agent
[0074] Most any of the known blowing agents (also known as foaming or expansion agents) can be employed, including gaseous materials, volatile liquids and chemical agents which decompose into a gas and other byproducts. Representative blowing agents include, without limitation, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, pentane, isopentane, perfluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, perfluoroethane, 1-chloro-1, 1-difluoroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, perfluoropropane, chloroheptafluoropropane, dichlorohexafluoropropane, perfluorobutane, chlorononafluorobutane, perfluorocyclobutane, azodicarbonamide (AC) , 4, 4′-oxydibenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) , azodiisobutyronitrile, benzenesulfonhydrazide, 4, 4-oxybenzene sulfonyl-semicarbazide, p-toluene sulfonyl semicarbazide, barium azodicarboxylate, N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide, and trihydrazino triazine. Currently, AC and OBSH are preferable.
[0075] Additives
[0076] The top skin and middle foam layers may contain additives including but not limited to inorganic fillers, antioxidants, curing agents, cross linking co-agents, boosters and retardants, color masterbatch, processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , ultraviolet absorbers or stabilizers, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, tackifiers, anti-blocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, and metal deactivators. Additives can be used in amounts ranging from 0.01 wt %or less to 10 wt %or more based on the weight of the layer.
[0077] Fillers
[0078] Examples of fillers include but are not limited to talc, clays, precipitated silica and silicates, fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground minerals, carbon blacks with arithmetic mean particle sizes larger than 10 nanometers, and the various known flame retardants, particularly halogen-free flame retardants. Fillers can be used in amounts ranging from greater than zero to 10 wt %or more based on the weight of the layer or total composition.
[0079] PREPARATION METHOD
[0080] Shaping and lamination
[0081] The present disclosure can be manufactured using the same conventional compression molding (or calendaring) and lamination processes or extrusion and lamination used for PVC-based leathers.
[0082] The multi-layer structure may comprise a bottom fabric layer and a top skin layer, the latter optionally coated with a top coating. The top skin layer is made by a compression molding, and then laminated to the bottom fabric layer. The optional PU top coating layer is then applied to the top skin layer of the multi-layer structure.
[0083] The multi-layer structure may comprise a bottom fabric layer, an optional foam layer, and a top skin layer, the latter optionally coated with a primer and the primer with a top coating. The top skin layer and the optional foam layer of the artificial leather are made by a compression molding, and then laminated to one another and the bottom fabric layer in any convenient order. Foaming is typically conducted after lamination in an oven typically maintained at 220℃. or higher for 60-180 seconds. The optional primer and PU top coating layers are then applied to the top skin layer of the laminated, three-layer structure. The foaming can be also conducted after applying the primer and PU top coating layers to the skin layer of the laminated three-layer structure.
[0084] EXAMPLES
[0085] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, wherein all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
[0086] The information of the raw materials used in the examples is listed in the following Table 1:
[0087] Table 1 Materials / ingredients for blending
[0088] Example I
[0089] Brabender mixing
[0090] The base resin pellets of Inventive Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-14 according to Table 2-1 &2-2, anti-oxidant B225 and carbon black masterbatch (if present) were loaded in the chamber of Brabender mixer at 150 ℃ (chamber set temperature) and 30 rpm. After that, the mixing was carried out at 150 ℃ and 50 rpm for 4 min before loading the coagents into the chamber. After adding the coagent, the mixing was further conducted at 150 ℃ for 4 min. The compound was collected and used for the following leather preparation.
[0091] Compression molding, lamination and crosslinking
[0092] The compound from the Brabender mixer was compression molded into a film in a “19 cm x 10 cm x 0.5 mm” mold. PTFE films were used to sandwich the polymer film to avoid the stickiness of the polymer film to the mold. The compound was preheated at 140-150 ℃ for 3 minutes, and then degassed (repeated compression at 10 MPa and release, for six times) , followed by another 2 minutes at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 150℃. The obtained film was directly used for e-beam irradiation for crosslinking and then for gel measurements.
[0093] For further leather preparation: After cooling, the upper PTFE film was removed and a fabric (awoven fabric, 0.90 mm thick and 300 g / m2) was covered onto the polymer film surface. After reheating at 170℃ for 2 min, a pressing of 0.5 MPa was applied for 1 second to increase the adhesion between the molten polymer film and fabric. After complete cooling, the lower PTFE film was removed as well and the original leather samples (with fabric and polymer layer) were collected for following steps.
[0094] Application of PU top coating
[0095] The polymer layer surface was firstly treated by corona (Equipment details: Nanjing Suman Electronics Co., Ltd; PLASMA GENERATOR (High performance computerized plasma and corona discharge experiment generators) to increase surface energy. Set voltage at 180V, current at 1.8A. The corona brush was moved quickly above the polymer layer four times to make sure that a high surface energy (~42 dyn / cm) can be achieved.
[0096] After corona treatment, the PU topcoat (95%PUD coating (WD-78-643 from Stahl) + 5%curing agent (aliphatic polyisocynate, XR-48-920 from Stahl, 5 min stirring for mixing the two) was spread on the polymer layer using a wire rod. The coated samples were quickly transferred into the oven at 130 ℃ for drying and curing for two minutes. The thickness of the resulting top coating is about 10 μm.
[0097] Embossing
[0098] The leather samples with a size of 19 cm *10 cm were firstly heated at 150 ℃ for 1 min. The heated samples were quickly placed onto the embossing mold with polymer layer touching the mold surface with litchi-type grain. A vacuum was applied to emboss the grain on the mold to the leather surface. After embossing for 11s, the leather was quickly peeled off from the mold and placed onto experiment bench surface for cooing. After cooling to room temperature, the grain was fixed.
[0099] E-beam irradiation for crosslinking
[0100] The electron beam irradiation was performed on the virgin POE films or leather samples with PU top coating and embossed surface using an industrial scale E-Beam apparatus. The irradiation dosage is 80 kGy.
[0101] Test and measurement
[0102] Gel content test: The gel fraction by a hot xylene extraction method can be measured in the following manner. The crosslinked POE film was cut into small pieces, 3mm*3mm. Then around 0.5g sample (Ws) was sealed in a metal mesh (mesh number is 120) and weighed (Wtl) . Then packed sample was transferred into 500ml flask equipped with condenser and containing 350ml xylene. After reflux for 5 h, the packed samples were removed from xylene, put into vacuum oven and heated at 120 ℃ for 2h under vacuum condition. The sample was taken out and weighed (Wt2) . The gel%is calculated by the equation, Gel%=1- (Wt1-Wt2) / Ws*100%.
[0103] Bally flex test: The Bally Flex test determines the durability of artificial leather by repeatedly flexing the test specimen. Here, each leather sample of inventive and comparative examples was subjected to repeated flexing. The test conformed to ASTM D6182-00. The Bally Flexometer conformed to DIN 53351, and operated at a rate of 100 cycles / min. The end of the test was determined by the number of cycles, at which cracking of POE layer was observed and was reported as the Bally flex result. Two specimens were tested for each composition, and the average value was reported. If no crack / damage was observed after 100,000 cycles for the two specimens, the result was reported as "greater than 100,000 or >100k. "
[0104] Examples and Discussion
[0105] The following Table 2-1 and 2-2 showed the constitution and performance parameters of the inventive examples of the present disclosure and comparative samples.
[0106] Table 2-2 Inventive and comparative examples
[0107] As can be seen from CE1 and IE1-6 &IE8, the addition of acrylate type coagent TMPTMA or TMPTA very significantly increased the gel content of the formulation comprising OBC (INFUSETM 9807N) and EPDM (NORDELTM 4725R) . The result of Bally flex test of CE1 vs. IE1 and IE2 showed that the Bally flex resistance of the polymer composition is improved with the increase of the gel content.
[0108] As can be seen from CE2 to CE8, some other types of coagent, such as Ethyl sorbate, AMSD, DYMALINK 708, TAIC, and Vinyl D4 could not increase the gel content, which indicates the importance of using the acrylate type coagent. As can be seen from CE9 to CE11, the addition of acrylate type coagent TMPTMA into random POE (ENGAGETM 8137) based formulation could not enhance the gel content. This was unexpected, which demonstrated the non-obviousness of using acrylate type coagent for the increase of gel content of OBC plus EPDM formulation. The comparison of CE12 vs. IE7 and CE13 vs. IE9 proved that the acrylate type coagent significantly improve the gel content for the OBC formulations comprising different EPDM rubbers. As can be seen from CE14 vs. IE10, the acrylate type coagent can also improve the gel content and Bally flex resistance for the OBC-based formulation comprising a small amount of random POE.
Claims
1.A polymer composition for artificial leather comprising olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75%or less, based on the total weight of the EPDM rubber, and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation.2.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition comprises 50-97 wt%of olefin block copolymer, 3-50 wt%of EPDM rubber and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, with a proviso that the total sum of the weight percentage of olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber and acrylate type coagent does not exceed 100 wt%.3.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the acrylate type coagent is at least one selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) , trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) , ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) , 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) , pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) , pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, tris (2-hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, and propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate.4.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the EPDM rubber comprises a terpolymer elastomer derived from ethylene, propylene and a diene, wherein the diene is selected from the group consisting of ethylidene norbornene (ENB) , vinyl norbornene (VNB) , dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and 1, 4-hexadiene (HD) .5.The polymer composition of claim 4, wherein the EPDM rubber has an ethylene content of 30-75%and a diene content of0.3-15%, based on the total weight of the EPDM rubber.6.An artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure comprising a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises the polymer composition according to any one of claims 1-5.7.The artificial leather of claim 6, wherein the multi-layer structure further comprises a foam layer between the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer.8.A method for preparing an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure of claims 6-7, comprising(1) preparing a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises a polymer composition comprising olefin block copolymer, EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75 wt%or less and 0.1-10 wt%of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, based on the total weight of the polymer composition,(2) laminating the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer together; and(3) crosslinking the polymer composition by irradiation, so that the polymer composition is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of at least 30%by weight by a hot xylene extraction method.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein in step (3) , the polymer composition is crosslinked by E-beam irradiation.10.Use of acrylate type coagent comprising at least one moiety having a formula: H2C=C (R1) -C (=O) -O-, wherein R1 is H or hydrocarbon groups, in boosting crosslinking of a polymer composition comprising olefin block copolymer and EPDM rubber with an ethylene content of 75 wt%or less by irradiation.