E-beam irradiated OBC based composition with low GEL content for artificial leather
A crosslinked olefin block copolymer composition with low gel content and specific viscosity ensures recyclability and maintains Bally flex resistance and heat resistance in artificial leather, addressing the non-recyclability of POE leather.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing polyolefin elastomer (POE) based artificial leather is non-recyclable due to its crosslinking structure, which compromises its sustainability despite offering excellent leather performances such as Bally flex resistance and heat resistance.
A polymer composition for artificial leather comprising at least 50% by weight of an olefin block copolymer, crosslinked by irradiation, with a gel content of 5% or less and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s, enabling recyclability without compromising performance.
The solution provides a recyclable artificial leather with good Bally flex resistance and heat resistance, maintaining performance while allowing for sustainable disposal.
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Figure PCTCN2025075450-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025075450-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025075450-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
E-BEAM IRRADIATED OBC BASED COMPOSITION WITH LOW GEL CONTENT FOR ARTIFICIAL LEATHERFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a polymer composition with low gel content for artificial leather, an artificial leather based on crosslinked POE and a method for preparing the same.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Polyolefin elastomer (POE, including olefin block copolymer (OBC) , random POE, and the like) based artificial leather is thought to be an eco-friendly and sustainable artificial leather product. Compared with incumbent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather, POE leather is halogen free and also free of phthalate plasticizers. Compared with another incumbent conventional polyurethane (PU) leather, no solvent (e.g. DMF, harmful) is needed during the POE leather manufacturing process. Thus, POE leather production and end of life handling bring less water / air / soil pollution and environment impact. From the view of performance, POE has excellent weatherability and low temperature flexibility, POE is by natural colorless and hydrastable, it is capable to wider color space. POE leather can be applied in applications with lightweight requirement, for example in luggage / bag, shoe and auto applications, because POE density is much lower than PVC (by ~40%) and PU (by ~25%) . POE provides an alternative solution to synthetic leather, in addition to PVC and PU, in both leather performances and sustainability material solution.
[0004] A crosslinking structure of POE layer is favorable for POE artificial leather for solving the tradeoff between hand-feel / processability and leather performances, like Bally flex resistance, which is a characterization of durability / mechanical fatigue during cyclic flexural stress, heat resistance and so on. However, the crosslinking structure makes the POE leather non-recyclable and hurt its sustainability to some extent.
[0005] Therefore, there still remains a constant demand for providing a POE composition for artificial leather that is recyclable and has sufficient leather performances.
[0006] After persistent exploration, we have surprisingly found that E-beam irradiated OBC composition with a low gel content (<5%, also characterized by low-shear viscosity in a proper range) can be used as the skin layer of POE leather with good Bally flex resistance and heat resistance. Due to the low gel content, the leather is potentially recyclable.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a polymer composition for artificial leather comprising at least 50%by weight of an olefin block copolymer and an optional additive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of 5%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.
[0008] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure comprising a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises the polymer composition according to the present disclosure.
[0009] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure according to the present disclosure, comprising preparing a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises a polymer blend comprising at least 50%by weight of an olefin block copolymer and an optional additive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, laminating the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer together; and crosslinking the polymer blend by irradiation, so that the polymer blend is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer blend has a gel%of 5%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Also, all publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference.
[0011] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include all values from, and including, the lower and upper value. For ranges containing explicit values (e.g., 1 or 2; or 3 to 5; or 6; or 7) , any subrange between any two explicit values is included (e.g., 1 to 2; 2 to 6; 5 to 7; 3 to 7; 5 to 6; etc. ) . Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.
[0012] As disclosed herein, the term “composition” , “formulation” , “blend” or “mixture” refers to a physical blend of different components, which is obtained by mixing simply different components by a physical means. The sum of the percentages by weight of each component in a composition is 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0013] As disclosed herein, “and / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0014] The term “polymer” as used herein, refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers, whether of the same or a different type. The generic term polymer thus, includes the term homopolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities can be incorporated into the polymer structure) , and the term interpolymer as defined hereinafter. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, can be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, a polymer is stabilized with very low amounts ( “ppm” amounts) of one or more stabilizers.
[0015] The term “interpolymer” as used herein, refers to polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. The term interpolymer thus includes the term copolymer (employed to refer to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers.
[0016] The term “substantially free of” means the content of a certain substance is less than 1 wt%, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.2 wt%, less than 0.1 wt%, less than 100 ppm or 0 wt%based on the total weight of the corresponding composition or layer (such as the top skin layer or the middle foam layer) comprising the stated substance.
[0017] Polymer composition
[0018] The polymer composition for artificial leather comprises at least 50%by weight of an olefin block copolymer and an optional additive, based on the weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation, such as E-beaming irradiation, and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of 5%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.
[0019] Polyolefin elastomer (POE) includes olefin block copolymer (OBC) , random POE, and the like.
[0020] In some embodiments, the polymer composition comprises at least 60%by weight of an olefin block copolymer, no more than 40%by weight of a random POE and an optional additive, based on the weight of the polymer composition.
[0021] In some embodiments, the polymer composition comprises 60-99.9%by weight of the olefin block copolymer and 0.1-10%by weight of the additive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, oil, tackifier, antioxidant, color masterbatch, processing aids and chemical blowing agents.
[0022] It is surprisingly found that OBC or OBC blend can be slightly crosslinked by irradiation, such as E-bean irradiation, which results in a recyclable polymer composition for artificial leather with a low gel content of 5%or less and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate. The slightly crosslinked OBC or OBC blend having a low-shear viscosity in such a range has good Bally flex resistance and heat resistance and can be used for recyclable artificial leather.
[0023] The polymer composition is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of 5%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, preferably 4%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method, more preferably 3%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method. Correspondingly, the crosslinked polymer composition has a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190℃ and 0.1 rad / sshear rate, preferably 4,000 to 12,000 Pa·s, more preferably 5,000 to 11,000 Pa·s.
[0024] In an embodiment, the polymer composition comprises one or more of ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymers and / or one or more of random POE. Preferably, the polymer composition before irradiation has a blend MI of from 2 to 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably 3 to 10 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg. The blend MI of the polymer composition is not particularly limited, because a higher MI composition can be made to have sufficient performance by increasing the E-beam dosage.
[0025] The term “MI” refers to melt index at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg of a polymer. The blend MI of the polymer composition comprising Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 before irradiation is calculated by an equation (w1*MI1^-0.283 + w2*MI2^-0.283) ^-3.53, where MI1 and MI2 are the MI of Polymer 1 and Polymer 2, and w1 and w2 are the weight percentage of Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 in the composition.
[0026] Olefin block copolymer
[0027] The term “olefin block copolymer (OBC) ” , also called “ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer” or “ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer” as used herein, refers to an interpolymer that includes ethylene and one or more copolymerizable α-olefin comonomers in polymerized form, characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more (preferably three or more) polymerized monomer units, the blocks or segments differing in chemical or physical properties. Specifically, this term refers to a polymer comprising two or more (preferably three or more) chemically distinct regions or segments (referred to as “blocks” ) joined in a linear manner, that is, a polymer comprising chemically differentiated units which are joined (covalently bonded) end-to-end with respect to polymerized functionality, rather than in pendent or grafted fashion. The blocks differ in the amount or type of comonomer incorporated therein, the density, the amount of crystallinity, the type of crystallinity (e.g., polyethylene versus polypropylene) , the crystallite size attributable to a polymer of such composition, the type or degree of tacticity (isotactic or syndiotactic) , region-regularity or region-irregularity, the amount of branching, including long chain branching or hyper-branching, the homogeneity, and / or any other chemical or physical property. The block copolymers are characterized by unique distributions of both polymer polydispersity (PDI or Mw / Mn) and block length distribution, e.g., based on the effect of the use of a shuttling agent (s) in combination with catalyst systems. Non-limiting examples of the olefin block copolymers of the present disclosure, as well as the processes for preparing the same, are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,858,706 B2, 8,198,374 B2, 8,318,864 B2, 8,609,779 B2, 8,710,143 B2, 8,785,551 B2, 9,243,090 B2, and US20230058913 which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
[0028] Ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymers are characterized by multiple blocks or segments of two or more polymerized monomer units, differing in chemical or physical properties.
[0029] In some embodiments, the multi-block copolymers can be represented by the following formula: (AB) n, where n is at least 1, preferably an integer greater than 1, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, or higher. Here, “A” represents a hard block or segment, and “B” represents a soft block or segment. Preferably the A segments and the B segments are linked in a substantially linear fashion, as opposed to a substantially branched or substantially star-shaped fashion. In other embodiments, the A segments and the B segments are randomly distributed along the polymer chain. In other words, for example, the block copolymers usually do not have a structure as follows: AAA-AA-BBB-BB. In still other embodiments, the block copolymers do not usually have a third type of block or segment, which comprises different comonomer (s) . In yet other embodiments, each of block A and block B has monomers or comonomers substantially randomly distributed within the block. In other words, neither block A nor block B comprises two or more sub-segments (or sub-blocks) of distinct composition, such as a tip segment, which has a substantially different composition than the rest of the block.
[0030] The olefin block copolymers, in general, are produced via a chain shuttling process, such as, for example, described in U.S. Patent 7,858,706, which is herein incorporated by reference. Some chain shuttling agents and related information are listed in Col. 16, line 39, through Col. 19, line 44. Some catalysts are described in Col. 19, line 45, through Col. 46, line 19, and some co-catalysts in Col. 46, line 20, through Col. 51 line 28. Some process features are described in Col 51, line 29, through Col. 54, line 56. See also the following: U.S. Patent 7,608,668; U.S. Patent 7,893,166; and U.S. Patent 7,947,793 as well as US Patent Publication 2010 / 0197880. See also U.S. Patent 9,243,173.
[0031] Preferably, ethylene comprises the majority mole fraction of the whole ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer, i.e., ethylene comprises at least 40 wt%of the whole ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer. More preferably, ethylene comprises at least 50 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 70 wt%, or at least 80 wt%, with the substantial remainder of the whole ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer comprising the C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer, preferably, the C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer may be selected from butene, pentene, hexene, pentene, heptane, and octene, preferably 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer contains from 40 wt%, 50 wt%, or 60 wt%, or 65 wt%to 80 wt%, or 85 wt%, or 90 wt%ethylene. For many ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymers, the composition comprises an ethylene content greater than 80 wt%of the whole ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymer and an octene content of from 10 wt%to 15 wt%, or from 15 wt%to 20 wt%of the whole ethylene / octene multi-block interpolymer.
[0032] The ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer includes various amounts of “hard” segments and “soft” segments. “Hard” segments are blocks of polymerized units in which ethylene is present in an amount greater than 90 wt%, or 95 wt%, or greater than 95 wt%, or greater than 98 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer, up to 100 wt%. In other words, the comonomer content (content of monomers other than ethylene) in the hard segments is less than 10 wt%, or 5 wt%, or less than 5 wt%, or less than 2 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer, and can be as low as zero. In some embodiments, the hard segments include all, or substantially all, units derived from ethylene. “Soft” segments are blocks of polymerized units in which the comonomer content (content of monomers other than ethylene) is greater than 5 wt%, or greater than 8 wt%, or greater than 10 wt%, or greater than 15 wt%, based on the weight of the polymer. In an embodiment, the comonomer content in the soft segments is greater than 20 wt%, or greater than 25 wt%, or greater than 30 wt%, or greater than 35 wt%, or greater than 40 wt%, or greater than 45 wt%, or greater than 50 wt%, or greater than 60 wt%and can be up to 100 wt%.
[0033] The soft segments can be present in an ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer from 1 wt%, or 5 wt%, or 10 wt%, or 15 wt%, or 20 wt%, or 25 wt%, or 30 wt%, or 35 wt%, or 40 wt%, or 45 wt%to 55 wt%, or 60 wt%, or 65 wt%, or 70 wt%, or 75 wt%, or 80 wt%, or 85 wt%, or 90 wt%, or 95 wt%, or 99 wt%of the total weight of the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer. Conversely, the hard segments can be present in similar ranges. The soft segment weight percentage and the hard segment weight percentage can be calculated based on data obtained from DSC or NMR. Such methods and calculations are disclosed in, for example, USP 7, 608, 668, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In particular, hard and soft segment weight percentages and comonomer content may be determined as described in column 57 to column 63 of USP 7,608,668.
[0034] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer is produced in a continuous process and possesses a polydispersity index (Mw / Mn) from 1.7 to 3.5, or from 1.8 to 3, or from 1.8 to 2.5, or from 1.8 to 2.2. When produced in a batch or semi-batch process, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer possesses Mw / Mn from 1.0 to 3.5, or from 1.3 to 3, or from 1.4 to 2.5, or from 1.4 to 2.
[0035] Nonlimiting examples of suitable ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,608,668, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0036] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer consists of only (i) ethylene and (ii) a C4-C8 α-olefin.
[0037] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block copolymer has hard segments and soft segments, is styrene-free, consists of only (i) ethylene and (ii) a C4-C8 α-olefin, and is defined as having a Mw / Mn from 1.7 to 3.5.
[0038] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer has a density of between about 0.850 g / cc and about 0.890 g / cc, preferably between about 0.855 g / cc and 0.880 g / cc, more preferably between about 0.858 g / cc and about 0.870 g / cc, even more preferably between about 0.860 g / cc and about 0.866 g / cc.
[0039] The ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI of not greater than about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably not greater than about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 17 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably not greater than about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg or not greater than 12 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, Alternatively, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI from about 0.1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably about 0.5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably about 1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably about 5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg.
[0040] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer used in the present disclosure has a melting point of 100-130 ℃, more preferably 100-125 ℃, more preferably 110-120 ℃.
[0041] Suitable ethylene / α-olefin multi-block interpolymer can be INFUSETM from Dow, such as INFUSETM 9107N, INFUSETM 9500N, INFUSETM 9507N, or INFUSETM 9807N.
[0042] Optional random POE
[0043] An ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer (also called random POE) is an ethylene / propylene random copolymer or an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin random copolymer. In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin copolymer is an ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer. The ethylene / C4-C8 α-olefin copolymer is composed of, or otherwise consists of, ethylene and one copolymerizable C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer in polymerized form. The C4-C8 α-olefin comonomer may be selected from butene, pentene, hexene, heptane, and octene, preferably 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene.
[0044] In an embodiment, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a density of between about 0.850 g / cc and about 0.900 g / cc, preferably between about 0.855 g / cc and 0.895 g / cc, more preferably between about 0.857 g / cc and about 0.890 g / cc, even more preferably between about 0.865 g / cc and about 0.885 g / cc.
[0045] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI of not greater than about 30 g / 10 min (at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg) , preferably not greater than about 25 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably not greater than about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably not greater than about 16 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg or not greater than 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, Alternatively, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a MI from about 1 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 30 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, preferably about 2 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 20 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, more preferably about 3 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 18 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg, even more preferably about 5 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg to about 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg.
[0046] Preferably, the ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer used in the present disclosure has a melting point of 25-100 ℃, more preferably 30-80 ℃, more preferably 35-70 ℃, even more preferably 40-60 ℃.
[0047] Suitable ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer can be ENGAGETM from Dow, such as ENGAGETM 8003, ENGAGETM 8842, ENGAGETM7447, ENGAGETM 8150, ENGAGETM 7467 or ENGAGETM 8137.
[0048] Top skin layer
[0049] The top skin layer comprises the polymer blend according to the present disclosure. The top skin layer can also comprise one or more optional additives such as processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , extenders, blocking agents, pigments and / or dyes, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers and / or absorbers, oils, flame retardants, fillers (such as talc, calcium carbonate) , tackifiers, color masterbatch and the like.
[0050] Preferably, the top skin layer is substantially free of propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer.
[0051] Foam Layer
[0052] The foam layer (also called a middle foam layer) comprises at least one of (i) an olefin block copolymer, and (ii) an ethylene / α-olefin random copolymer. The optional foam layer may comprise ethylene-polar monomer copolymer or MAH-g-PE copolymer or a tie resin (e.g., BYNEL) .
[0053] The foam layer can also comprise the gas from the decomposed blowing agent or the gas originally from the decomposed blowing agent and has already been partially or totally replaced by air and any unreacted, residual blowing agent. The middle foam layer can also comprise one or more optional additives such as processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , extenders, blocking agents, pigments and / or dyes, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers and / or absorbers, oils, flame retardants, fillers (such as talc, calcium carbonate) , and the like.
[0054] The middle foam layer can be compositionally the same as the top skin layer except for the gas and by-products attributable to the foaming process.
[0055] The middle foam layer typically comprises at least 10 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, more typically at least 40 wt%, more typically at least 50 wt%and even more typically at least 60 wt%of an olefin block copolymer. The maximum amount of olefin block copolymer in the middle foam layer typically does not exceed 90 wt%, more typically does not exceed 80 wt%and even more typically does not exceed 70 wt%, based on the total weight of the foam layer.
[0056] Preferably, the middle foam layer is substantially free of propylene / alpha-olefin copolymer.
[0057] Generally, the blowing agent is incorporated into the copolymer composition which is to be foamed in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 30, phr, preferably 1 to 20, phr and more preferably 2 to 10, phr. The blowing agent typically is incorporated into the melt stream under a pressure which is sufficient to inhibit its activation, that is, to inhibit foaming of the melt stream during the incorporation of the blowing agent and subsequent processing of the composition until the stream is ready to be foamed.
[0058] If present at all, the total amount of optional additives present in the foam layer typically is greater than zero, more typically at least 1 and even more typically at least 2, phr. Ifpresent at all, the total amount of optional additives in the foam layer typically does not exceed 10 phr, more typically does not exceed 7 phr and even more typically does not exceed 5 phr.
[0059] If present at all, the total amount of optional filler present in the foam layer typically is greater than zero, more typically at least 5 wt%and even more typically at least 10 wt%. If present at all, the total amount of optional fillers in the foam layer typically does not exceed 60 wt%, more typically does not exceed 40 wt%and even more typically does not exceed 20 wt%.
[0060] The foam layer is typically prepared by blending or compounding the individual components with one another in any conventional mixing apparatus, e.g., BrabenderTM internal mixer, HaakeTM internal mixer, BanburyTM kneader or any suitable extruder, under conditions and for a time that produces an at least substantially homogeneous mixture, calendaring the mixture using conventional equipment and conditions to form a sheet, and then heat laminating the sheet to the top skin layer and / or bottom fabric layers using conventional lamination equipment and conditions. The foam layer is typically not subjected to foaming conditions until after it is laminated to at least one of the top skin layer and bottom fabric layers, preferably not until it is laminated to both layers (if a three-or more layer structure) . The foaming conditions are such that very fine and regular cells are formed throughout the layer. Typical foaming conditions include an oven temperature of 220℃. or more and an oven residence time of 60-180 seconds. The foam expansion ratio is based on the ratio of expanded thickness to original (non-expanded) thickness (herein referred to as the thickness ratio) , and it is typically 1.5 to 4, more typically 2 to 3.
[0061] Bottom Fabric Layer
[0062] The bottom fabric layer comprises a flexible, polymeric material which can be woven, nonwoven, knitted, plained, spunbond, etc., and it can comprise natural and / or synthetic fiber. In one embodiment, the fabric layer is a nonwoven, polymeric, spunbond material of a weight of 100-500 g / m2, more typically of 150-400 g / m2 and even more typically of 200-350 g / m2. Fabrics that can be used in the practice of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, cotton, silk and various synthetics based on polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. ) , nylon, polyester, polyurethane (e.g., a spandex material) , and the like. In one embodiment, the preferred fabric is prepared from polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene. The fabric can be subjected to a pre-lamination treatment, e.g., corona surface treatment, impregnation, etc., or not, and the foam or top skin layer is ultimately heat laminated to it.
[0063] Blowing Agent
[0064] Most any of the known blowing agents (also known as foaming or expansion agents) can be employed, including gaseous materials, volatile liquids and chemical agents which decompose into a gas and other byproducts. Representative blowing agents include, without limitation, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, pentane, isopentane, perfluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, perfluoroethane, 1-chloro-1, 1-difluoroethane, chloropentafluoroethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, perfluoropropane, chloroheptafluoropropane, dichlorohexafluoropropane, perfluorobutane, chlorononafluorobutane, perfluorocyclobutane, azodicarbonamide (AC) , 4, 4′-oxydibenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) , azodiisobutyronitrile, benzenesulfonhydrazide, 4, 4-oxybenzene sulfonyl-semicarbazide, p-toluene sulfonyl semicarbazide, barium azodicarboxylate, N, N’-dimethyl-N, N’-dinitrosoterephthalamide, and trihydrazino triazine. Currently, AC and OBSH are preferable.
[0065] Additives
[0066] The top skin and middle foam layers may contain additives including but not limited to inorganic fillers, antioxidants, curing agents, cross linking co-agents, boosters and retardants, color masterbatch, processing aids (e.g., zinc stearate) , ultraviolet absorbers or stabilizers, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, slip agents, plasticizers, lubricants, viscosity control agents, tackifiers, anti-blocking agents, surfactants, extender oils, acid scavengers, and metal deactivators. Additives can be used in amounts ranging from 0.01 wt %or less to 10 wt %or more based on the weight of the layer.
[0067] Fillers
[0068] Examples of fillers include but are not limited to talc, clays, precipitated silica and silicates, fumed silica, calcium carbonate, ground minerals, carbon blacks with arithmetic mean particle sizes larger than 10 nanometers, and the various known flame retardants, particularly halogen-free flame retardants. Fillers can be used in amounts ranging from greater than zero to 10 wt %or more based on the weight of the layer or total composition.
[0069] PREPARATION METHOD
[0070] Shaping and lamination
[0071] The present disclosure can be manufactured using the same conventional compression molding (or calendaring) and lamination processes or extrusion and lamination used for PVC-based leathers.
[0072] The multi-layer structure may comprise a bottom fabric layer and a top skin layer, the latter optionally coated with a top coating. The top skin layer is made by a compression molding, and then laminated to the bottom fabric layer. The optional PU top coating layer is then applied to the top skin layer of the multi-layer structure.
[0073] The multi-layer structure may comprise a bottom fabric layer, an optional foam layer, and a top skin layer, the latter optionally coated with a primer and the primer with a top coating. The top skin layer and the optional foam layer of the artificial leather are made by a compression molding, and then laminated to one another and the bottom fabric layer in any convenient order. Foaming is typically conducted after lamination in an oven typically maintained at 220℃ or higher for 60-180 seconds. The optional primer and PU top coating layers are then applied to the top skin layer of the laminated, three-layer structure.
[0074] Crosslinking
[0075] The crosslinking can be performed by a crosslinking agent or by irradiation, for example, peroxide curing or silane curing, or E-beam curing, UV curing commonly used in the field of artificial leather, but the composition for the top layer of the present discourse is crosslinked by E-beam curing.
[0076] “Crosslinking” refers to form chemical bonds between different polymer chains to form a network structure. The crosslinking can be performed by any of chemical reaction where above network can be formed.
[0077] The crosslinking can be performed by E-beam irradiation, for example, at a dose of 20-200 KGy, 40-150 KGy, or 50-120 KGy.
[0078] EXAMPLES
[0079] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, wherein all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.
[0080] The information of the raw materials used in the examples is listed in the following Table 1:
[0081] Table 1 Materials / ingredients for blending
[0082] Example I
[0083] Brabender mixing
[0084] The base resin pellets of Inventive Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-12 according to Table 2-1 to Table 2-2, carbon black masterbatch and anti-oxidant B225 were loaded in the chamber of Brabender mixer at 150 ℃ (chamber set temperature) and 30 rpm. After all ingredients were added, the mixing was further carried out at 150 ℃ and 50 rpm for 8 min. The compound was collected and used for the following leather preparation.
[0085] Compression molding, lamination and crosslinking
[0086] The compound from the Brabender internal mixer was compression molded into a film in a “19 cmx 10 cm x 0.5 mm” mold and also into a thin plaque in a “15 cmx 7.5 x 1 mm” mold. PTFE films were used to sandwich the polymer film to avoid the stickiness of the polymer film to the mold. The compound was preheated at 150℃ for 4 minutes, and then degassed (repeated compression at 10 MPa and release, for six times) , followed by another 2 minutes at a pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 150℃. The obtained film was directly used for e-beam irradiation for crosslinking and then for gel measurements. The obtained thin plaques were directly used for DMS viscosity measurements or were firstly e-beam irradiated and then for DMS viscosity measurements.
[0087] For further leather preparation: After cooling, the upper PTFE film was removed and a fabric (a woven fabric, 0.90 mm thick and 300 g / m2) was covered onto the POE film (0.5 mm thick) surface. After reheating at 170 ℃ for 2 min, a pressing of 0.5 MPa was applied for 1 second to increase the adhesion between the molten POE film and fabric. After complete cooling, the lower PTFE film was removed as well and the original leather samples (with fabric and POE layer) were collected for following steps.
[0088] Application of PU top coating
[0089] The POE layer surface was firstly treated by corona (Equipment details: Nanjing Suman Electronics Co., Ltd; PLASMA GENERATOR (High performance computerized plasma and corona discharge experiment generators) to increase surface energy. Set voltage at 180V, current at 1.8A. The corona brush was moved quickly above the POE layer four times to make sure that a high surface energy (~42 dyn / cm) can be achieved.
[0090] After corona treatment, the PU topcoat (95%PUD coating (WD-78-643 from Stahl) + 5%curing agent (aliphatic polyisocynate, XR-48-920 from Stahl, 5 min stirring for mixing the two) was spread on the POE layer using a wire rod. The coated samples were quickly transferred into the oven at 130 ℃ for drying and curing for two minutes. The thickness of the resulting top coating is about 10-15 μm.
[0091] Embossing
[0092] The leather samples with a size of 19 cm *10 cm were firstly heated at 150 ℃ for 1 min. The heated samples were quickly placed onto the embossing mold with POE layer touching the mold surface with litchi-type grain. A vacuum was applied to emboss the grain on the mold to the leather surface. After embossing for 11s, the leather was quickly peeled off from the mold and placed onto experiment bench surface for cooing. After cooling to room temperature, the grain was fixed.
[0093] E-beam irradiation for crosslinking
[0094] The electron beam irradiation was performed on the virgin POE films, thin POE plaques or POE leather samples with PU top coating and embossed surface using an industrial scale E-Beam apparatus. The irradiation dosage is 80 kGy. For the inventive examples, the leathers were e-beam irradiated.
[0095] Test and measurement
[0096] Gel content test: The gel fraction by a hot xylene extraction method can be measured in the following manner. The crosslinked POE film was cut into small pieces, 3mm*3mm. Then around 0.5g sample (Ws) was sealed in a metal mesh (mesh number is 120) and weighed (Wt1) . Then packed sample was transferred into 500ml flask equipped with condenser and containing 350ml xylene. After reflux for 5 h, the packed samples were removed from xylene, put into vacuum oven and heated at 120 ℃ for 2h under vacuum condition. The sample was taken out and weighed (Wt2) . The gel%is calculated by the equation, Gel%= 1- (Wt 1-Wt2) / Ws*100%.
[0097] Low-shear viscosity test by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) :
[0098] DMS was performed using an Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES-G2, TA Instruments) for melt state testing. The test used 25mm parallel plates at 2%strain and the angular frequency from 0.01 to 100 rad / s at 190 ℃. One sample was tested per composition. 1 mm thick plaques made by compression molding were used for the test.
[0099] Bally flex test: The Bally Flex test determines the durability of artificial leather by repeatedly flexing the test specimen. Here, each leather sample of inventive and comparative examples was subjected to repeated flexing. The test conformed to ASTM D6182-00 at room temperature (23℃) . The Bally Flexometer conformed to DIN 53351, and operated at a rate of 100 cycles / min. The end of the test was determined by the number of cycles, at which cracking of POE layer was observed and was reported as the bally flex result. Results are reported in the number of cycles. Two specimens were tested for each composition, and the average value was reported. If no crack / damage was observed after 100,000 cycles for the two specimens, the result was reported as "greater than 100,000 or >100k. "
[0100] Heat resistance test: the samples were placed in a 120 ℃ oven for 168 hours. One edge of 5*5cm specimen was clamped and hanged. The surface grain change of the specimen was observed by naked eye.
[0101] Examples and Discussion
[0102] The following Table 2-1 to 2-2 showed the constitution and performance parameters of the inventive examples of the present disclosure and comparative samples.
[0103] As can be seen from CE1-CE4, CE1 and CE3 that were not irradiated both had poor Bally flex resistance and surface grain retention during ageing. Although CE2 and CE4 were e-beam irradiated, these performances were still not good. The low-shear viscosity of CE4 was 3486 Pa·s. OBC resin INFUSETM 9507N with lower MI (than CE1-CE4) was used in IE1. For the virgin INFUSETM 9507N based composition of CE5, the Bally flex resistance and surfacegrain retention were poor. However, after e-beam irradiation, the Bally flex and surface grain retention were significantly improved in IE 1, while the low-shear viscosity increased to 5493 Pa·s (the corresponding gel content is 1.5%) .
[0104] Lower MI OBC blends were used in CE6 vs. IE2, CE7 vs. IE3 and CE8 vs. IE4. Obviously, the leather performances were still poor without e-beaming treatment, as shown in CE6, 7 and 8. It was further confirmed that after e-beam irradiation, higher low-shear viscosity was achieved (gel content <5%, the corresponding low-shear viscosity is in the range of 4000-15000 Pa. s) and it also provided better Bally flex resistance and good surface retention during heating ageing.
[0105] As can be seen from CE9 vs. IE5 and IE6, OBC or OBC blend provided low gel content (<5%) and low-shear viscosity (about 11000 Pa. s) after e-beam irradiation and also provided better Bally flex resistance and good surface retention during heating ageing.
[0106] As can be seen from CE11, OBC resin INFUSETM 9107N with 1 MI provided much higher gel content and low-shear viscosity after e-beam irradiation, exceeding the claim range of this disclosure.
[0107] As can be seen from CE12, for a random POE with 5MI, although it was e-beam irradiated, its surface grain retention was very poor. As can be seen from CE11, for a blend of OBC and a high amount of random POE, its surface grain retention was not good even it was e-beam irradiated. But the polymer composition comprising OBC and a small amount of random POE after e-beam irradiation has a low-shear viscosity in the range described in the present disclosure and can provide good Bally flex resistance and surface grain retention (IE7) .
[0108] In summary, e-beam irradiated OBC composition with a low gel content (<5%, also characterized by low-shear viscosity in a proper range, like 4,000 -~15,000 Pa. s) can endow POE leather skin layer with good Bally flex resistance and heat resistance.
Claims
1.A polymer composition for artificial leather comprising at least 50%by weight of an olefin block copolymer and an optional additive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by irradiation and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of 5%or less by weight by a hot xylene extraction method and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.2.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition comprises 60-99.9%by weight of the olefin block copolymer and 0.1 -10%by weight of the additive, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, oil, tackifier, antioxidant, color masterbatch, processing aids and chemical blowing agents.3.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition comprises at least 60%by weight of an olefin block copolymer, no more than 40%by weight of a random POE and an optional additive, based on the weight of the polymer composition.4.The polymer composition of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer composition has a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to about 11,000 Pa.s at 190℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.5.The polymer composition of claim 4, wherein the polymer composition has a MI of from 2 to 15 g / 10 min at 190 ℃ / 2.16 kg.6.The polymer composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the polymer composition is crosslinked by E-beam irradiation.7.An artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure comprising a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises the polymer composition according to any one of claims 1-6.8.The artificial leather of claim 7, wherein the multi-layer structure further comprises a foam layer between the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer.9.The artificial leather of claim 7, wherein the bottom fabric layer comprises a flexible, polymeric material.10.A method for preparing an artificial leather comprising a multi-layer structure of claims 7-9, comprisingpreparing a top skin layer and a bottom fabric layer, wherein the top skin layer comprises a polymer composition comprising at least 50%by weight of an olefin block copolymer and optional additives, based on the total weight of the polymer composition,laminating the top skin layer and the bottom fabric layer together; andcrosslinking the polymer composition by irradiation, so that the polymer composition is crosslinked and the crosslinked polymer composition has a gel%of 5%or lower by weight by a hot xylene extraction method and a low-shear viscosity of 4,000 to 15,000 Pa·s at 190 ℃ and 0.1 rad / s shear rate.