Methods and apparatus for channel state information reporting for candidate cells in wireless communication
The method for CSI reporting in cellular networks, using CSI-RS resource sets and beam reporting, addresses inefficiencies in existing systems by improving CSI accuracy and resource allocation during initial access, leading to enhanced network performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- APPLE INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently reporting channel state information (CSI) for candidate cells during initial access, particularly in cellular networks like 5G NR, leading to suboptimal link adaptation and resource allocation.
Implementing a method for CSI reporting by user equipment (UE) during initial access with a base station, utilizing CSI-RS resource sets and beam reporting mechanisms, including System Information Block (SIB) generation and triggering CSI-RS resources before the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, to enhance CSI measurement and reporting.
Improves the accuracy and efficiency of CSI reporting, enabling better downlink link adaptation and resource allocation before RRC connection setup, thereby enhancing network performance.
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Figure CN2025075565_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REPORTING FOR CANDIDATE CELLS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the invention relate to wireless communications, including apparatuses, systems, and methods of channel state information (CSI) reporting for candidate cells in a cellular communications network.DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
[0002] Wireless communication systems are used to provide various communication services such as telephone, video, data and messaging. The wireless communication systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources such as bandwidth and transmit power.
[0003] The wireless communication system may include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment (UEs) . A BS may be referred to as a Node B, a next generation Node B (gNB) , an access point (AP) , a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP) , a New Radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, or the like. A UE may be referred to as a wireless mobile device or cellular phone.
[0004] Telecommunication standards have been adopted to provide a common protocol to enable different UEs and BSs to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) , or new radio (NR) (e.g., 5G) . In 3GPP radio access networks (RANs) in LTE systems, the base station can include a RAN Node such as an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) and / or Radio Network Controller (RNC) in an E-UTRAN, which communicate with the UE. In fifth generation (5G) wireless RANs, RAN Nodes can include a 5G Node, or NR node (gNB) . In sixth generation (6G) wireless RANs, RAN nodes can include a 6G Node.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] A better understanding of the present subject matter can be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0006] FIG. 1A illustrates an example wireless communication system, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a base station and an access point in communication with a user equipment (UE) device, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 4 illustrates an example block diagram of a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0011] FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0012] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a baseband processor architecture for a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 7 illustrates an example block diagram of an interface of baseband circuitry, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0014] FIG. 8A illustrates an example flowchart of a legacy LTM process, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0015] FIG. 8B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example cell with a wider SSB beam and a narrower CSI-RS beam between a base station (e.g. gNB) and a UE, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 9 provides an example illustration of a block diagram of an LTM-CSI RS resource set configuration to enable CSI-RS based measurement for candidate cells, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates a chart depicting two example embodiments that illustrate differences in terms of report content that can be used for a NW-Triggering L1-RSRP report, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates a chart depicting an example illustration of a CSI report based on a third column (Alt. 1) of FIG. 10, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates a chart depicting an example illustration of a CSI report based on a second column (Alt. 2) of FIG. 10, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0020] FIG. 13 provides an example illustration of a table showing a MAC-CE format for a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) of candidate cells in an LTM operation, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0021] FIG. 14 provides an example illustration of a table showing a MAC-CE format for a CSI report MAC-CE for UEIBR, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates a flow chart of a method for CSI reporting at a UE for candidate cells, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0023] While the features described herein may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to be limiting to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the subject matter as defined by the appended claims.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONTerms
[0024] The following is a glossary of terms used in this disclosure:
[0025] Memory Medium –Any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices. The term “memory medium” is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CD-ROM, floppy disks, or tape device; a computer system memory or random-access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc. ; a non-volatile memory such as a Flash, magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage; registers, or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may include other types of non-transitory memory as well or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer system in which the programs are executed, or may be located in a second different computer system which connects to the first computer system over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term “memory medium” may include two or more memory mediums which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computer systems that are connected over a network. The memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., embodied as computer programs) that may be executed by one or more processors.
[0026] Carrier Medium –amemory medium as described above, as well as a physical transmission medium, such as a bus, network, and / or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
[0027] Programmable Hardware Element includes various hardware devices comprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) , PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) , FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays) , and CPLDs (Complex PLDs) . The programmable function blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or look up tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores) . A programmable hardware element may also be referred to as "reconfigurable logic” .
[0028] Computer System (or Computer) –any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC) , mainframe computer system, workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digital assistant (PDA) , television system, grid computing system, or other device or combinations of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.
[0029] User Equipment (UE) (or “UE Device” ) –any of various types of computer systems devices which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhoneTM, AndroidTM-based phones) , portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DSTM, PlayStation PortableTM, Gameboy AdvanceTM, iPhoneTM) , laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses) , PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) , UAV controllers (UACs) , and so forth. In general, the term “UE” or “UE device” can be broadly defined to encompass any electronic, computing, and / or telecommunications device (or combination of devices) which is easily transported by a user and capable of wireless communication.
[0030] Base Station –The term "Base Station" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
[0031] Processing Element (or Processor) –refers to various elements or combinations of elements that are capable of performing a function in a device, such as a user equipment or a cellular network device. Processing elements may include, for example: processors and associated memory, portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, processor arrays, circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , programmable hardware elements such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , as well any of various combinations of the above.
[0032] Channel -a medium used to convey information from a sender (transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that since characteristics of the term “channel” may differ according to different wireless protocols, the term “channel” as used herein may be considered as being used in a manner that is consistent with the standard of the type of device with reference to which the term is used. In some standards, channel widths may be variable (e.g., depending on device capability, band conditions, etc. ) . For example, LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20MHz. 5G NR can support scalable channel bandwidths from 5 MHz to 100 MHz in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and up to 400 MHz in FR2. In other radio access technologies, WLAN channels may be 22 MHz wide while Bluetooth channels may be 1 MHz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. Furthermore, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink and / or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, etc.
[0033] Band -The term "band" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum (e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose.
[0034] Automatically –refers to an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc. ) , without user input directly specifying or performing the action or operation. Thus, the term "automatically" is in contrast to an operation being manually performed or specified by the user, where the user provides input to directly perform the operation. An automatic procedure may be initiated by input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are performed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed “manually” , where the user specifies each action to perform. For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typing information, selecting check boxes, radio selections, etc. ) is filling out the form manually, even though the computer system will update the form in response to the user actions. The form may be automatically filled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g., software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields. As indicated above, the user may invoke the automatic filling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields but rather they are being automatically completed) . The present specification provides various examples of operations being automatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.
[0035] Approximately -refers to a value that is almost correct or exact. For example, approximately may refer to a value that is within 1 to 10 percent of the exact (or desired) value. It should be noted, however, that the actual threshold value (or tolerance) may be application dependent. For example, in some embodiments, “approximately” may mean within 0.1%of some specified or desired value, while in various other embodiments, the threshold may be, for example, 2%, 3%, 5%, and so forth, as desired or as set by the particular application.
[0036] Concurrent –refers to parallel execution or performance, where tasks, processes, or programs are performed in an at least partially overlapping manner. For example, concurrency may be implemented using “strong” or strict parallelism, where tasks are performed (at least partially) in parallel on respective computational elements, or using “weak parallelism” , where the tasks are performed in an interleaved manner, e.g., by time multiplexing of execution threads.
[0037] Various components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In such contexts, “configured to” is a broad recitation generally meaning “having structure that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently performing that task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module, even when the two modules are not connected) . In some contexts, “configured to” may be a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently on. In general, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits.
[0038] Various components may be described as performing a task or tasks, for convenience in the description. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase “configured to. ” Reciting a component that is configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) interpretation for that component.
[0039] The example embodiments may be further understood with reference to the following description and the related appended drawings, wherein like elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The example embodiments relate to channel state information (CSI) reporting by a user equipment (UE) during initial access with a base station.
[0040] The example embodiments are described with regard to communication between a user equipment (UE) and a network (NW) or a base station (e.g. a next generation Node B (gNB) ) . However, reference to a gNB or a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to support CSI reporting by the UE during initial access with a base station. Therefore, the gNB or UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate type of electronic component.
[0041] The example embodiments are also described with regard to a fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network that may configure a UE to control the CSI reporting by the UE during initial access with a base station. However, reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any appropriate type of network.
[0042] Throughout this description various information elements (IEs) are referred to by specific names. It should be understood that these names are only examples and the IEs carrying the information referred to throughout this description may be referred to by other names by various entities.FIGs. 1A and 1B: Communication Systems
[0043] FIG. 1A illustrates a simplified example wireless communication system, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the system of FIG. 1A is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
[0044] As shown, the example wireless communication system includes a base station 102A which communicates over a transmission medium with one or more user devices 106A, 106B, etc., through 106N. Each of the user devices may be referred to herein as a “user equipment” (UE) . Thus, the user devices 106 are referred to as UEs or UE devices.
[0045] The base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site (a “cellular base station” ) and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the UEs 106A through 106N.
[0046] The communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a “cell. ” The base station 102A and the UEs 106 may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs) , also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , 5G new radio (5G NR) , HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc. Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of LTE, also referred to as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN, it may alternately be referred to as an 'eNodeB' or ‘eNB’ . Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of 5G NR, it may alternately be referred to as ‘gNodeB’ or ‘gNB’ .
[0047] As shown, the base station 102A may also be equipped to communicate with a network 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and / or the Internet, among various possibilities) . Thus, the base station 102A may facilitate communication between the user devices and / or between the user devices and the network 100. In particular, the cellular base station 102A may provide UEs 106 with various telecommunication capabilities, such as voice, SMS and / or data services.
[0048] Base station 102A and other similar base stations (such as base stations 102B…102N) operating according to the same or a different cellular communication standard may thus be provided as a network of cells, which may provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UEs 106A-N and similar devices over a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.
[0049] Thus, while base station 102A may act as a “serving cell” for UEs 106A-N as illustrated in FIG. 1A, each UE 106 may also be capable of receiving signals from (and possibly within communication range of) one or more other cells (which might be provided by base stations 102B-N and / or any other base stations) , which may be referred to as “neighboring cells” . Such cells may also be capable of facilitating communication between user devices and / or between user devices and the network 100. Such cells may include “macro” cells, “micro” cells, “pico” cells, and / or cells which provide any of various other granularities of service area size. For example, base stations 102A-B illustrated in FIG. 1A might be macro cells, while base station 102N might be a micro cell. Other configurations are also possible.
[0050] In some embodiments, base station 102A may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB” . In some embodiments, a gNB may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network. In addition, a gNB cell may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) . In addition, a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
[0051] Note that a UE 106 may be capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using a wireless networking (e.g., Wi-Fi) and / or peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc. ) in addition to at least one cellular communication protocol (e.g., GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc. ) . The UE 106 may also or alternatively be configured to communicate using one or more global navigational satellite systems (GNSS, e.g., GPS or GLONASS) , one or more mobile television broadcasting standards (e.g., ATSC-M / H or DVB-H) , and / or any other wireless communication protocol, if desired. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.
[0052] FIG. 1B illustrates user equipment 106 (e.g., one of the devices 106A through 106N) in communication with a base station 102 and an access point 112, according to some embodiments. The UE 106 may be a device with both cellular communication capability and non-cellular communication capability (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and so forth) such as a mobile phone, a hand-held device, a computer or a tablet, or virtually any type of wireless device.
[0053] The UE 106 may include a processor that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE 106 may perform any of the method embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively, or in addition, the UE 106 may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.
[0054] The UE 106 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may be configured to communicate using, for example, CDMA2000 (1xRTT / 1xEV-DO / HRPD / eHRPD) , LTE / LTE-Advanced, or 5G NR using a single shared radio and / or GSM, LTE, LTE-Advanced, or 5G NR using the single shared radio. The shared radio may couple to a single antenna, or may couple to multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications. In general, a radio may include any combination of a baseband processor, analog RF signal processing circuitry (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc. ) , or digital processing circuitry (e.g., for digital modulation as well as other digital processing) . Similarly, the radio may implement one or more receive and transmit chains using the aforementioned hardware. For example, the UE 106 may share one or more parts of a receive and / or transmit chain between multiple wireless communication technologies, such as those discussed above.
[0055] In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include separate transmit and / or receive chains (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol with which it is configured to communicate. As a further possibility, the UE 106 may include one or more radios which are shared between multiple wireless communication protocols, and one or more radios which are used exclusively by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, the UE 106 might include a shared radio for communicating using either of LTE or 5G NR (or LTE or 1xRTTor LTE or GSM) , and separate radios for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are also possible.FIG. 2: Block Diagram of a Base Station
[0056] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station 102, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the base station of FIG. 2 is merely one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station 102 may include processor (s) 204 which may execute program instructions for the base station 102. The processor (s) 204 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 240, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 204 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 260 and read only memory (ROM) 250) or to other circuits or devices.
[0057] The base station 102 may include at least one network port 270. The network port 270 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106, access to the telephone network as described above in FIGs. 1a, 1b, and 2.
[0058] The network port 270 (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility related services and / or other services to a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106. In some cases, the network port 270 may couple to a telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., among other UE devices serviced by the cellular service provider) .
[0059] In some embodiments, base station 102 may be a next generation base station, e.g., a 5G New Radio (5G NR) base station, or “gNB” . In such embodiments, base station 102 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network. In addition, base station 102 may be considered a 5G NR cell and may include one or more transition and reception points (TRPs) . In addition, a UE capable of operating according to 5G NR may be connected to one or more TRPs within one or more gNBs.
[0060] The base station 102 may include at least one antenna 234, and possibly multiple antennas. The at least one antenna 234 may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE devices 106 via radio 230. The antenna 234 communicates with the radio 230 via communication chain 232. Communication chain 232 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain or both. The radio 230 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including, but not limited to, 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, etc.
[0061] The base station 102 may be configured to communicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standards. In some instances, the base station 102 may include multiple radios, which may enable the base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, as one possibility, the base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communication according to LTE as well as a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR. In such a case, the base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station. As another possibility, the base station 102 may include a multi-mode radio which is capable of performing communications according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc. ) .
[0062] As described further subsequently herein, the BS 102 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein. The processor 204 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively, the processor 204 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 204 of the BS 102, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 230, 232, 234, 240, 250, 260, 270 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
[0063] In addition, as described herein, processor (s) 204 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor (s) 204. Thus, processor (s) 204 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204.
[0064] Further, as described herein, radio 230 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in radio 230. Thus, radio 230 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of radio 230. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of radio 230.
[0065] In some embodiments, the base station or gNB 102, and / or processors 204 thereof, can be capable of and configured to generate for transmission, at the base station, a System Information Block (SIB) comprising a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set configuration; generate for transmission, at the base station, a signaling command to a user equipment (UE) , before the UE performs a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, to trigger one or more CSI-RS resource sets (triggered CSI-RS resource sets) configured from the set of CSI-RS set configurations; receive, at the base station, one or more of a CSI report or a beam report from the UE; and determine, at the base station, a downlink (DL) link adaptation before a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection setup, based on the one or more of the CSI report or the beam report, before a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection setup is completed between the UE and the base station.FIG. 3: Block Diagram of a Server
[0066] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server 104, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the server of FIG. 3 is merely one example of a possible server. As shown, the server 104 may include processor (s) 344 which may execute program instructions for the server 104. The processor (s) 344 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 374, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 344 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 364 and read only memory (ROM) 354) or to other circuits or devices.
[0067] The server 104 may be configured to provide a plurality of devices, such as base station 102, and UE devices 106 access to network functions, e.g., as further described herein.
[0068] In some embodiments, the server 104 may be part of a radio access network, such as a 5G New Radio (5G NR) radio access network. In some embodiments, the server 104 may be connected to a legacy evolved packet core (EPC) network and / or to a NR core (NRC) network.
[0069] As described herein, the server 104 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein. The processor 344 of the server 104 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively, the processor 344 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 344 of the server 104, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 354, 364, and / or 374 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
[0070] In addition, as described herein, processor (s) 344 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor (s) 344. Thus, processor (s) 344 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 344. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 344.FIG. 4: Block Diagram of a User Equipment
[0071] FIG. 4 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of a communication device 106, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the block diagram of the communication device of FIG. 4 is only one example of a possible communication device. According to embodiments, communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a UAV controller (UAC) and / or a combination of devices, among other devices. As shown, the communication device 106 may include a set of components 400 configured to perform core functions. For example, this set of components may be implemented as a system on chip (SOC) , which may include portions for various purposes. Alternatively, this set of components 400 may be implemented as separate components or groups of components for the various purposes. The set of components 400 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to various other circuits of the communication device 106.
[0072] For example, the communication device 106 may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash 410) , an input / output interface such as connector I / F 420 (e.g., for connecting to a computer system; dock; charging station; input devices, such as a microphone, camera, keyboard; output devices, such as speakers; etc. ) , the display 460, which may be integrated with or external to the communication device 106, and cellular communication circuitry 430 such as for 5G NR, LTE, GSM, etc., and short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 (e.g., BluetoothTM and WLAN circuitry) . In some embodiments, communication device 106 may include wired communication circuitry (not shown) , such as a network interface card, e.g., for Ethernet.
[0073] The cellular communication circuitry 430 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 435 and 436 as shown. The short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may also couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 437 and 438 as shown. Alternatively, the short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to the antennas 435 and 436 in addition to, or instead of, coupling (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to the antennas 437 and 438. The short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 and / or cellular communication circuitry 430 may include multiple receive chains and / or multiple transmit chains for receiving and / or transmitting multiple spatial streams, such as in a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) configuration.
[0074] In some embodiments, as further described below, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to, e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly. dedicated processors and / or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) . In addition, in some embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include a single transmit chain that may be switched between radios dedicated to specific RATs. For example, a first radio may be dedicated to a first RAT, e.g., LTE, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and a transmit chain shared with an additional radio, e.g., a second radio that may be dedicated to a second RAT, e.g., 5G NR, and may be in communication with a dedicated receive chain and the shared transmit chain.
[0075] The communication device 106 may also include and / or be configured for use with one or more user interface elements. The user interface elements may include any of various elements, such as display 460 (which may be a touchscreen display) , a keyboard (which may be a discrete keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touchscreen display) , a mouse, a microphone and / or speaker, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and / or any of various other elements capable of providing information to a user and / or receiving or interpreting user input.
[0076] The communication device 106 may further include one or more smart cards 445 that include SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality, such as one or more UICC (s) (Universal Integrated Circuit Card (s) ) cards 445. Note that the term “SIM” or “SIM entity” is intended to include any of various types of SIM implementations or SIM functionality, such as the one or more UICC (s) cards 445, one or more eUICCs, one or more eSIMs, either removable or embedded, etc. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include at least two SIMs. Each SIM may execute one or more SIM applications and / or otherwise implement SIM functionality. Thus, each SIM may be a single smart card that may be embedded, e.g., may be soldered onto a circuit board in the UE 106, or each SIM 410 may be implemented as a removable smart card. Thus, the SIM (s) may be one or more removable smart cards (such as UICC cards, which are sometimes referred to as “SIM cards” ) , and / or the SIMs 410 may be one or more embedded cards (such as embedded UICCs (eUICCs) , which are sometimes referred to as “eSIMs” or “eSIM cards” ) . In some embodiments (such as when the SIM (s) include an eUICC) , one or more of the SIM (s) may implement embedded SIM (eSIM) functionality; in such an embodiment, a single one of the SIM (s) may execute multiple SIM applications. Each of the SIMs may include components such as a processor and / or a memory; instructions for performing SIM / eSIM functionality may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may include a combination of removable smart cards and fixed / non-removable smart cards (such as one or more eUICC cards that implement eSIM functionality) , as desired. For example, the UE 106 may comprise two embedded SIMs, two removable SIMs, or a combination of one embedded SIMs and one removable SIMs. Various other SIM configurations are also contemplated.
[0077] As noted above, in some embodiments, the UE 106 may include two or more SIMs. The inclusion of two or more SIMs in the UE 106 may allow the UE 106 to support two different telephone numbers and may allow the UE 106 to communicate on corresponding two or more respective networks. For example, a first SIM may support a first RAT such as LTE, and a second SIM 410 supports a second RAT such as 5G NR. Other implementations and RATs are of course possible. In some embodiments, when the UE 106 comprises two SIMs, the UE 106 may support Dual SIM Dual Active (DSDA) functionality. The DSDA functionality may allow the UE 106 to be simultaneously connected to two networks (and use two different RATs) at the same time, or to simultaneously maintain two connections supported by two different SIMs using the same or different RATs on the same or different networks. The DSDA functionality may also allow the UE 106 to simultaneously receive voice calls or data traffic on either phone number. In certain embodiments the voice call may be a packet switched communication. In other words, the voice call may be received using voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology and / or voice over NR (VoNR) technology. In some embodiments, the UE 106 may support Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) functionality. The DSDS functionality may allow either of the two SIMs in the UE 106 to be on standby waiting for a voice call and / or data connection. In DSDS, when a call / data is established on one SIM, the other SIM is no longer active. In some embodiments, DSDx functionality (either DSDA or DSDS functionality) may be implemented with a single SIM (e.g., a eUICC) that executes multiple SIM applications for different carriers and / or RATs.
[0078] As shown, the SOC 400 may include processor (s) 402, which may execute program instructions for the communication device 106 and display circuitry 404, which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display 460. The processor (s) 402 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 440, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 402 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 406, read only memory (ROM) 450, NAND flash memory 410) and / or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry 404, short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429, cellular communication circuitry 430, connector I / F 420, and / or display 460. The MMU 440 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some embodiments, the MMU 440 may be included as a portion of the processor (s) 402.
[0079] As described herein, the communication device 106 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features for a communication device 106 to communicate a scheduling profile for power savings to a network. The processor 402 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 402 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 402 of the communication device 106, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 400, 404, 406, 410, 420, 429, 430, 440, 445, 450, 460 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0080] In addition, as described herein, processor 402 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processor 402 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor 402. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 402.
[0081] Further, as described herein, cellular communication circuitry 430 and short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may each include one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in cellular communication circuitry 430 and, similarly, one or more processing elements may be included in short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429. Thus, cellular communication circuitry 430 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of cellular communication circuitry 430. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of cellular communication circuitry 430. Similarly, the short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may include one or more ICs that are configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429.FIG. 5: Block Diagram of Cellular Communication Circuitry
[0082] FIG. 5 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the block diagram of the cellular communication circuitry of FIG. 5 is only one example of a possible cellular communication circuit. According to embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 530, which may be cellular communication circuitry 430, may be included in a communication device, such as communication device 106 described above. As noted above, communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet and / or a combination of devices, among other devices.
[0083] The cellular communication circuitry 530 may couple (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to one or more antennas, such as antennas 435a-b and 436 as shown (in FIG. 4) . In some embodiments, cellular communication circuitry 530 may include dedicated receive chains (including and / or coupled to, e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly. dedicated processors and / or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) . For example, as shown in FIG. 5, cellular communication circuitry 530 may include a modem 510 and a modem 520. Modem 510 may be configured for communications according to a first RAT, e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A, and modem 520 may be configured for communications according to a second RAT, e.g., such as 5G NR.
[0084] As shown, modem 510 may include one or more processors 512 and a memory 516 in communication with processors 512. Modem 510 may be in communication with a radio frequency (RF) front end 530. RF front end 530 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals. For example, RF front end 530 may include receive circuitry (RX) 532 and transmit circuitry (TX) 534. In some embodiments, receive circuitry 532 may be in communication with downlink (DL) front end 550, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335a.
[0085] Similarly, modem 520 may include one or more processors 522 and a memory 526 in communication with processors 522. Modem 520 may be in communication with an RF front end 540. RF front end 540 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals. For example, RF front end 540 may include receive circuitry 542 and transmit circuitry 544. In some embodiments, receive circuitry 542 may be in communication with DL front end 560, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335b.
[0086] In some embodiments, a switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 534 to uplink (UL) front end 572. In addition, switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 544 to UL front end 572. UL front end 572 may include circuitry for transmitting radio signals via antenna 336. Thus, when cellular communication circuitry 530 receives instructions to transmit according to the first RAT (e.g., as supported via modem 510) , switch 570 may be switched to a first state that allows modem 510 to transmit signals according to the first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 534 and UL front end 572) . Similarly, when cellular communication circuitry 530 receives instructions to transmit according to the second RAT (e.g., as supported via modem 520) , switch 570 may be switched to a second state that allows modem 520 to transmit signals according to the second RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 544 and UL front end 572) .
[0087] As described herein, the modem 510 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features or for time division multiplexing UL data for NSA NR operations, as well as the various other techniques described herein. The processors 512 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 512 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 512, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 530, 532, 534, 550, 570, 572, 335a, 335b, and 336 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0088] In addition, as described herein, processors 512 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processors 512 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 512. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 512.
[0089] The processors 522 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) . Alternatively (or in addition) , processor 522 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) . Alternatively (or in addition) the processor 522, in conjunction with one or more of the other components 540, 542, 544, 550, 570, 572, 335a, 335b, and 336 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
[0090] In addition, as described herein, processors 522 may include one or more processing elements. Thus, processors 522 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 522. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 522.FIG. 6: Block Diagram of a Baseband Processor Architecture for a UE
[0091] FIG. 6 illustrates example components of a device 600 in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the device of FIG. 6 is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various UEs, as desired.
[0092] In some embodiments, the device 600 may include application circuitry 602, baseband circuitry 604, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 606, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 608, one or more antennas 610, and power management circuitry (PMC) 612 coupled together at least as shown. The components of the illustrated device 600 may be included in a UE 106 or a RAN node. In some embodiments, the device 600 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 602, and instead include a processor / controller to process IP data received from an EPC) . In some embodiments, the device 600 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory / storage, display, camera, sensor, or input / output (I / O) interface. In other embodiments, the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations) .
[0093] The application circuitry 602 may include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 602 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor (s) may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc. ) . The processors may be coupled with or may include memory / storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 600. In some embodiments, processors of application circuitry 602 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.
[0094] The baseband circuitry 604 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 604 may include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 606 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 606. Baseband processing circuity 604 may interface with the application circuitry 602 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 606. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 604A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 604B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 604C, or other baseband processor (s) 604D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G) , sixth generation (6G) , etc. ) . The baseband circuitry 604 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 604A-D) may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 606. In other embodiments, some or all of the functionality of baseband processors 604A-D may be included in modules stored in the memory 604G and executed via a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 604E. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation / demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 604 may include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) , precoding, or constellation mapping / demapping functionality. In some embodiments, encoding / decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 604 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functionality. Embodiments of modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and may include other suitable functionality in other embodiments.
[0095] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may include one or more audio digital signal processor (s) (DSP) 604F. The audio DSP (s) 604F may include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elements in other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 604 and the application circuitry 602 may be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC) .
[0096] In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 604 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 604 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.
[0097] RF circuitry 606 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 606 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 608 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 604. RF circuitry 606 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 604 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 608 for transmission.
[0098] In some embodiments, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include mixer circuitry 606a, amplifier circuitry 606b and filter circuitry 606c. In some embodiments, the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include filter circuitry 606c and mixer circuitry 606a. RF circuitry 606 may also include synthesizer circuitry 606d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 608 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 606d. The amplifier circuitry 606b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 606c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 604 for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a necessity. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
[0099] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 606d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 608. The baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 604 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 606c.
[0100] In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection) . In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively. In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
[0101] In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternate embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 604 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 606.
[0102] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
[0103] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N / N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
[0104] The synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the RF circuitry 606 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional N / N+1 synthesizer.
[0105] In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) , although that is not a necessity. Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 604 or the applications processor 602 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 602.
[0106] Synthesizer circuitry 606d of the RF circuitry 606 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL) , a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA) . In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.
[0107] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO) . In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 606 may include an IQ / polar converter.
[0108] FEM circuitry 608 may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 610, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 606 for further processing. FEM circuitry 608 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 606 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 610. In various embodiments, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths may be done solely in the RF circuitry 606, solely in the FEM 608, or in both the RF circuitry 606 and the FEM 608.
[0109] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 608 may include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 606) . The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 608 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 606) , and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 610) .
[0110] In some embodiments, the PMC 612 may manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 604. In particular, the PMC 612 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion. The PMC 612 may often be included when the device 600 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when the device is included in a UE. The PMC 612 may increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.
[0111] While FIG. 6 shows the PMC 612 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 604, in other embodiments the PMC 612 may be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 602, RF circuitry 606, or FEM 608.
[0112] In some embodiments, the PMC 612 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 600. For example, if the device 600 is in a radio resource control_Connected (RRC_Connected) state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 600 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
[0113] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then the device 600 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The device 600 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The device 600 may not receive data in this state, in order to receive data, it will transition back to RRC_Connected state.
[0114] An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours) . During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.
[0115] Processors of the application circuitry 602 and processors of the baseband circuitry 604 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of the baseband circuitry 604, alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 604 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers) . As referred to herein, Layer 3 (L3) may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 2 (L2) may comprise a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1 (L1) may comprise a physical (PHY) layer of a UE / RAN node, described in further detail below. Accordingly, the baseband circuitry 604 can be used to encode a message for transmission between a UE and a gNB, or decode a message received between a UE and a gNB.
[0116] For example, the In some embodiments, the UE 106, and / or processors baseband circuitry or processors 604 thereof, can be capable of and configured to receive, at the UE from a base station, a System Information Block (SIB) comprising a set of channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set configurations; receive, at the UE, a signaling command from the base station, before performing a Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, to trigger one or more CSI-RS resource sets (triggered CSI-RS resource sets) configured from the set of CSI-RS resource set configurations; perform, at the UE, a CSI measurement on the one or more triggered CSI-RS resource sets before performing the RACH procedure; and generate for transmission, at the UE, one or more of a CSI report or a beam report. The one or more of the CSI report or the beam report enables the base station to determine a downlink (DL) link adaptation before a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection setup is completed between the UE and the base station. These examples are not intended to be limiting. The baseband circuitry can be used as previously described.FIG. 7: Block Diagram of an Interface of Baseband Circuitry
[0117] FIG. 7 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the baseband circuitry of FIG. 7 is merely one example of a possible circuitry, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
[0118] As discussed above, the baseband circuitry 604 of FIG. 6 may comprise processors 604A-604E and a memory 604G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors 604A-604E may include a memory interface, 704A-704E, respectively, to send / receive data to / from the memory 604G.
[0119] The baseband circuitry 604 may further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries / devices, such as a memory interface 712 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from memory external to the baseband circuitry 604) , an application circuitry interface 714 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from the application circuitry 602 of FIG. 6) , an RF circuitry interface 716 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from RF circuitry 606 of FIG. 6) , a wireless hardware connectivity interface 718 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, components (e.g., Low Energy) , components, and other communication components) , and a power management interface 720 (e.g., an interface to send / receive power or control signals to / from the PMC 612.FIG. 8A: Lower Layer Triggered Mobility (LTM) for URLLC
[0120] New mobile services that use low-latency and high reliability performance (e.g., Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications) are emerging. While the 3GPP 5G standard has been designed to address these services from the start, the evolution of 5G New Radio (NR) needs to continuously enhance the mobility robustness performance for these challenging scenarios.
[0121] In 3GPP Release 15 NR, the baseline handover procedure was specified using Layer 3 (L3) signaling, such as a radio resource control (RRC) message. This approach can lead to large signaling overhead and latency for cell switching, due to the 3GPP 5G specified random access channel (RACH) procedure that includes downlink synchronization and uplink synchronization with a target base station 102, such as a gNB. In addition, during the resulting handover interruption time in which the RACH procedure is performed, the UE 106 typically cannot transmit or receive user data. In the baseline L3 handover, this time is typically between 50-90 ms. This interruption time is too long for time-critical communication and use cases, e.g., URLLC applications, such as extended reality applications, remote control applications, industrial application, and so forth.
[0122] To reduce signal overhead and interruption time caused by the cell switch / handover process, in Release 18 of the 3GPP NR specification, the concept of lower layer (L1 / L2) Triggered Mobility (LTM) was disclosed. LTM can enable a serving cell change using Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) signaling, while maintaining the configuration of the upper layers. This can decrease latency, and reduce the amount of overhead and potential downtime during handover. LTM uses a mix of RRC, Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (L1) signals and messages.
[0123] FIG. 8A provides an illustration of an example flowchart of a legacy LTM process, in accordance with some embodiments. Steps 1 through 3 comprise a preparation for LTM to occur. In the first step, the UE, which is in an RRC connected state with the base station (gNB) , can send a measurement report to the base station. This measurement report is a Layer 3 measurement report. In step 2, the base station can then send an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE with an LTM candidate cell configuration of one or multiple candidate cells, based, at least in part, on the information received in the measurement report sent to the base station in step 1. In step 3, the UE can store the LTM candidate cell configuration (s) and send an RRC reconfiguration complete message to the base station.
[0124] Steps 4a and 4b in the example procedure 800 comprise an early sync process. The UE can then perform DL and UL synchronization with the candidate target cells indicated in the RRC reconfiguration message before receiving a cell switch command. Timing advance acquisition may also be performed by the UE with the candidate target cells.
[0125] In steps 5-7 in the example procedure 800, an LTM cell switch can be executed. In step 5, the UE can perform L1 measurements on the configured candidate cell (s) and transmit L1 measurement reports to the base station. L1 measurement can be performed as long as the RRC reconfiguration (step 2) is applicable. In step 6, the base station can then decide whether to execute an LTM cell switch to one of the candidate target cells. A MAC control element (MAC-CE) can be transmitted from the base station to the UE to trigger an LTM switch. The cell switch can be triggered when the MAC-CE includes the candidate configuration index of the target cell. The UE can detach from the source and switch to the target cell and apply the configuration indicated by the candidate configuration index.
[0126] In step 7, the UE can perform a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the target cell if a valid timing advance (TA) for the target cell is not available. The UE can perform a contention free random access (CFRA) procedure with the target cell if the LTM cell switch command MAC CE contains information for CFRA as specified in clause 6.1.3.75 of 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.321 V18.4.0 (December 2024) .
[0127] In step 8, the UE can complete the LTM switch procedure by sending an RRC Reconfiguration Complete (RRCReconfigurationComplete) message to the base station indicating that the LTM cell switch by the UE to the target cell was successful. The UE may perform a partial or full MAC reset. The UE can also reestablish radio link control (RLC) messaging and may perform data recovery with the PDCP layer during the cell switch.
[0128] The ability to use LTM, with L1 and L2 level signaling to provide cell level mobility can significantly decrease the latency that can occur during a typical handover procedure using L3 level signaling and increase the probability of a successful handover of the UE from one cell to another.
[0129] The ability to use LTM, with L1 and L2 level signaling to provide cell level mobility can significantly decrease the latency that can occur during a typical handover procedure using L3 level signaling and increase the probability of a successful handover of the UE from one cell to another.Problems with the 3GPP Release 18 LTM Procedure
[0130] However, even a typical LTM process, such as the example procedure 800 for LTM illustrated in FIG. 8A, can still be refined to further decrease latency and increase the probability of a successful handover. Compared to the 3GPP legacy L3 handover procedure, in LTM, most of the handover procedure steps, such as downlink synchronization or uplink synchronization with candidate cells, or both, are performed without breaking the connection with the base station configured as the source cell. Consequently, the interruption time during the LTM handover procedure is limited to the very last step of the LTM Cell switch procedure, in step 8, where reception of the cell switch command triggers the UE reconfiguration.
[0131] There are two issues in the 3GPP Release 18 LTM procedure. In 3GPP Rel-18, when a UE is performing an LTM handover procedure from a serving cell to a candidate cell, only the use of layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) reference signal measurements that are sent in the synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block (SSB) of a candidate cell is supported. In addition, the 3GPP Release 18 LTM procedure only supports network-initiated beam reporting for candidate cell, resulting in relatively large overhead, longer report delay and poor link reliability.FIG. 8B: SSB beams and CSI-RS beams between a UE and a Base Station
[0132] FIG. 8B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example cell 802 with a wider SSB beam 804 and a narrower CSI-RS beam 808 between a base station (e.g. gNB 102) and a UE 106, according to some embodiments.
[0133] An SSB-based wide-beam 804 connection can result in lower Signal to Interference &Noise Ratio (SINR) relative to the narrower CSI-RS beam 808. Using an SSB signal for beam management during initial access in 5G NR can present a significant challenge due to the wider beam transmission of the SSB having significantly higher SINR with respect to the CSI-RS beam. Unlike narrow beams that can provide a focused signal, the wider beams of SSBs can have a higher SINR, which can reduce the distance and interference levels over which the UE can establish a narrow beam connection with the NW. This mismatch between the beam width of SSBs and the more focused narrow beams used for CSI-RS transmission can lead to degraded connection quality, reduced signal strength, and overall poorer network performance.
[0134] Since the SSB signal 804, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 8B, is transmitted using a wider beam with a higher SINR, the LTM operation based on the SSB signal results in lower throughput for DL scheduling. To improve this problem in devices configured for 3GPP Rel-19, an LTM enhancement is disclosed that can further support a CSI-RS based L1-RSRP report, considering that CSI-RS is transmitted based on a narrower beam 808 and the reported L1-RSRP is much more precise for DL link adaptation. Accordingly, the LTM procedure can be altered to allow the L1-RSRP report to be transmitted using the narrow-beams used to transmit the CSI-RS.
[0135] In addition, the use of UE-initiated beam reporting based on the CSI-RS of the candidate cell can further reduce latency and increase throughput for URLLC relative to network (NW) triggered reporting.
[0136] Accordingly, in some embodiments, disclosed herein are solutions to enable CSI-RS based L1-RSRP reporting for a candidate cell, including both NW-triggered and UE-initiated beam reporting.CSI-RS Resource Configuration for Candidate Cells
[0137] In accordance with some embodiments, a variety of approaches may be considered to enable early channel state information (CSI) feedback for candidate cell (s) before or during an LTM cell switch by a UE 106. Channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources can be configured for a candidate cell measurement.
[0138] In some embodiments, the network 100 can configure the UE 106 with at least two sets of CSI-RS resources for an LTM candidate cell configuration within an LTM-Candidate information element (IE) . There are common configurations indicated ‘per CSI-RS resource in a resource set’ . The common configurations can include periodicity and offset, resource mapping, power control offset, a scrambling ID, subcarrier spacing absolute frequency location using an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) value, and a cyclic prefix (CP) type.
[0139] Quasi co-location (QCL) information can be provided as a candidate transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state identification (CandidateTCI-StateID) pointing to a CandidateTCI-state of a candidate cell “x” , if configured. By pointing to the CandidateTCI-StateID, the QCL source reference signal to receive the CSI-RS resource can be determined. Alternatively, an SSB index or non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS-Index of candidate cell ‘X’ can be used to provide QCL information. RRC signaling can be used to directly configure the SSB index or the CandidateTCI-StateID of the cell.
[0140] The CSI-RS resource configuration for candidate cell measurements can support periodic CSI-RS, semi-persistent CSI-RS and aperiodic CSI-RS for a candidate cell. Various approaches may be considered to provide the QCL information based on the LTM CSI-RS resource type. For periodic CSI-RS of the candidate cell, the QCL-Info maybe provided by RRC signaling per resource. For semi-persistent CSI-RS of the candidate cell, QCL-Info may be provided by a MAC-CE per resource set. For aperiodic CSI-RS of the candidate cell, QCL-info may be provided by an RRC signal per resource set. The CSI-RS resource configuration for candidate cell measurement will be described in more detail in the proceeding paragraphs.FIG. 9: LTM-CSI-RS Resource Set Configuration
[0141] FIG. 9 provides an example illustration of a block diagram of an LTM-CSI RS resource set configuration to enable CSI-RS based measurement for candidate cells, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0142] In the example of FIG. 9, three candidate cells are included. For each candidate cell, an information element (IE) of LTM configuration (termed as ‘LTM-Candidate’ IE) is provided to configure two LTM-CSI-RS resource sets, i.e., LTM-CSI-RS resource set #1 and LTM-CSI-RS resource set #2 in FIG. 9. Each LTM-CSI-RS resource set consists of a set of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources. In addition, a separate ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE is provided by RRC signaling to associate a subset of resources selected from the LTM CSI-RS resource set #1 or LTM CSI-RS resource set #2 of three different candidate cells. This is not intended to be limiting. Additional candidate cells may also be included in the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE.
[0143] For each of the candidate cells, a first LTM-CSI-RS resource set is used for an L1-RSRP report for a given candidate cell “x” . The first LTM-CSI-RS resource set can be used for beam reporting. A corresponding report quantity (reportQuantity) associated with the LTM-CSI-RS resource set can be set as a CSI-RS Resource indicator (CRI) reference signal received power (CRI-RSRP) . To limit the CSI resource overhead, for this first LTM-CSI-RS resource set, because this is for the L1-RSRP environment, it is limited to 1 or 2 antenna ports per resource.
[0144] As illustrated in the example of FIG. 9, each LTM-Candidate IE can include a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set for channel quality information. The second LTM-CSI-RS resource set can be used for early CSI acquisition and downlink link adaptation. The channel quality information configured in a CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set can comprise a configuration for one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) feedback, a rank indicator (RI) feedback, or a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) . The CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set may be configured to only support a type-1 codebook. No type-2 codebook is supported. This provides a tradeoff between UE complexity and link adaptation performance.
[0145] As one example, candidate cell #1 may provide Set#1 <CSI-RS #1, CSI-RS#2> by ‘LTM-Config’ ; Candidate cell #2 can provide Set#1 <CSI-RS #1, CSI-RS#2> by another ‘LTM-Config’ . However, the “LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE” may include <CSI-RS#1 from candidate cell #1, and CSI-RS#1 from candidate #2>.
[0146] Each of the CSI-RS resources in the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set are configured for up to 128 ports. A report quantity in the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is set with CRI-RI-PMI-CQI.
[0147] In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus of a UE 106 is disclosed. The apparatus comprises one or more processors (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) , coupled to a memory 406 or 604G, and configured to: receive, at the UE, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising: a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE; and a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE. The apparatus of the UE can receive, at the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising: a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells. The apparatus of the UE can measure CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells, and send the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to a network.
[0148] In some embodiments, the CSI-RS resources in the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set are configured for one port or two ports. A report quantity in the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set is set as a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) and L1-RSRP (CRI-RSRP) . The first LTM-CSI-RS resource set can further comprise one or more of a periodicity and offset value, resource mapping, a power control offset, a scrambling identification (ID) , subcarrier spacing, an absolute frequency location using an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) value, or a cyclic prefix (CP) type.
[0149] In some embodiments, the channel quality information configured in the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set comprises a configuration for one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) feedback, a rank indicator (RI) feedback, or a CSI-RS Resource Indicator. The CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is configured to only support a type-1 codebook. The CSI-RS resources in the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is configured for up to 128 ports. A report quantity in the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is set with CRI-RI-PMI-CQI.
[0150] In some embodiments, the configuration of a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set includes one or more of a periodicity and offset value, resource mapping, a power control offset, a scrambling identification (ID) , subcarrier spacing, an absolute frequency location using an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) value, or a cyclic prefix (CP) type.
[0151] In some embodiments, the configuration of the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set and the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set further comprises quasi co-location (QCL) information comprises a candidate Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state identifier (TCI-StateID) pointing to a candidate TCI-state (CandidateTCI-State) that is configured for a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; or a Synchronization Signal Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block (SSB) index of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; or a non-zero power CSI-RS index (NZP-CSI-RS-index) candidate cell that is configured for the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells.
[0152] In some embodiments, the one or more processors (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) , coupled to a memory 406 or 604G, are further configured to: provide the QCL information for a CSI-RS resource of a periodic CSI-RS resource set via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling when the periodic CSI-RS resource set of a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells is configured by a same RRC signaling; provide the QCL information for a semi-persistent (SP) CSI-RS resource set via a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) that is used to activate a same semi-persistent CSI-RS resource set of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; and provide the QCL information for an aperiodic CSI-RS resource set via an RRC signaling when the aperiodic CSI-RS resource set of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells is configured by a same RRC signaling.
[0153] In some embodiments, an apparatus of a base station 102 is disclosed. The apparatus comprises one or more processors (e.g. processors 204 and / or 600 or 604) coupled to memory 260 or 604G, configured to: send, from the base station, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) to a user equipment (UE) , where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising: a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE;and a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE. The apparatus of the base station can send, to the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising: a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells. The apparatus of the base station can measure CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells. The apparatus of the base station can receive, from the UE, the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to send to a network 100.FIGs. 10-12: NW-Triggered CSI Report Content
[0154] In addition, the LTM-CSI-RS resource sets by the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE may include CSI-RS resources selected from LTM-CSI-RS resource set #1 of different candidate cells.
[0155] In one example, a report content for a NW-Triggering L1-RSRP report is disclosed. In one embodiment, the following measurement results are included in the L1-RSRP report for candidate cell (s) : a report quantity in the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set, with each report including K blocks, wherein K is a positive integer number configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating a number of beams. Each of the ‘K’ blocks comprises: a CSI-RS resource index (CRI) that is numbered across all configured candidate cells indicated in the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE. And an L1-RSRP value associated with the reported CRI, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded with respect to a largest L1-RSRP value across reported candidate cells in the CSI report.
[0156] In another embodiment, the CSI report can have an L1-RSRP report quantity, is triggered by a network, and comprises: K blocks where each of the K blocks is associated with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells, wherein K is a positive integer configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Each of the K blocks comprises: a candidate cell identification (ID) ; a CSI-RS index within the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured for the candidate cell identified by the candidate cell ID; an L1-RSRP value associated with the CSI-RS identified by the reported CSI-RS index, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded in relative to a largest L1-RSRP value across the CSI-RS resources in the single reported candidate cell.
[0157] These L1-RSRP report blocks for candidate cell (s) can have a fixed size and are transmitted using uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH channel) .
[0158] For a ‘CRI-RI-PMI-CQI’ report, an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE only includes an LTM-CSI-RS resource set #2 of a candidate cell. FIG. 10 illustrates a chart depicting two example embodiments that illustrate differences in terms of report content that can be used for a NW-Triggering L1-RSRP report.
[0159] The following assumptions are made for the content in the NW-Triggering L1-RSRP report. A first assumption is that three candidate cells are configured, i.e., Candidate Cell #1 / #2 / #3 as shown in the example of FIG. 9. In addition, two LTM CSI-RS resource sets are configured for an LTM-candidate ID in each candidate cell. Additionally, it is assumed that K = 4 beams based on an RRC configuration.
[0160] The table in the example of FIG. 10 provides, for the 3 candidate cells, the candidate cell index (1-3) in the first column, a CSI-RS index in the second column, and a CSI-RS resource index (CRI) in an LTM CSI resource set in the third column. The highest L1-RSRP values measured by the UE are as follows -Candidate Cell #2, CSI-RS #0 and #1 > Candidate Cell #1, CSI-RS #0> Candidate Cell #3, CSI-RS #1.
[0161] In some embodiments, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE associated with a CSI report for the one or more candidate cells only includes a single second LTM-CSI-RS resource set of a single candidate cell for a CRI-RI-PMI-CQI report.
[0162] FIG. 11 provides an example illustration of a CSI report based on the third column (Alt. 1) of FIG. 10. For each of the 4 beams, the UE needs to report the CSI reference signal resource index (CRI) across all of the configured candidate cells, together with the L1 RSRP values.
[0163] In the example of FIG. 11, it is assumed that the CSI-RS are configured across the 3 candidate cells. So, the one configuration includes the CSI-RS across the 3 candidate cells, cell 1, cell 2, and cell 3. All of these candidate cells have one resource set. In this example, the CSI report includes Blocks 1-4 in the first column, the associated CRI for each block in the second column (3 bits each) , the associated L1-RSRP value in the third column, and the associated candidate cell for the block in the fourth column. The first L1-RSRP value is reported with an accuracy of 7 bits. The following 3 L1-RSRP measurements are reported differentially with respect to the first L1-RSRP measurement with an accuracy of 4 bits each. The total UCI payload in the example CSI report of FIG. 11, for the 4 blocks, is 3 bits *4 + 7 bits for the first L1-RSRP value, plus 4 bits *3 for the three differential L1-RSRP values, for a total of 31 bits.
[0164] FIG. 12 provides an example illustration of a CSI report based on the second column (Alt. 2) of FIG. 10. For alternative 2, we still have a set of blocks. But the difference is that in each of the blocks, there is a CSI-RS index. However, the CSI-RS index is a reference signal index instead of a resource index, as in the first alternative of FIG. 11. The L1-RSRP value is still reported in the example of FIG. 12. But the difference is that in the example of FIG. 11, the three candidate cells are in a single resource set. But for the second alternative in FIG. 12, for each RS, it is configured on a candidate cell basis. For example, for candidate cell 1, cell 2, and cell 3, there is a CSI-RS index 1, 2, and 3.
[0165] For candidate cell 1, with CSI-RS index 1, there is CSI-RS 1, CSI-RS 2, and CSI-RS 3. Then, within candidate cell 2, with CSI-RS index 2, there is CSI-RS 1, 2, and 3, and so forth. Accordingly, there are 3 dimensions in the second alternative illustrated in the example of FIG. 12. If just the CSI-RS index is reported, and then the L1 RSRP value is reported, then the network will have no idea which candidate cell the report is referring to. So that is why a candidate cell ID is additionally reported. To summarize, the first alternative illustrated in the example of FIG. 11 provides global indexing. The second alternative, illustrated in the example of FIG. 12 is indexed per candidate cell, with the candidate cell ID.
[0166] In the example of FIG. 12, the CSI report includes Blocks 1-4 in the first column, the associated CSI-RS value for each block in the second column (3 bits each) , and the associated L1-RSRP value for each block in the third column. The first L1-RSRP value is reported with an accuracy of 7 bits. The following 3 RSRP measurements are reported differentially relative to the first measurement with an accuracy of 4 bits each. The fourth column includes the candidate cell number, using 2 bits each. The total UCI payload in the example CSI report of FIG. 12, for the 4 blocks, is 3 bits *4 + 7 bits for the first L1-RSRP value, plus 4 bits *3 for the three differential L1-RSRP values + 4 *2 bits for the candidate cell ID, for a total of 39 bits.
[0167] It is noted that the first alternative payload (31 bits) in FIG. 11 is reduced by about 20%compared to the payload (39 bits) in the second alterative in FIG. 12, with the addition of the third dimension that is reported. However, the total number of bits can depend on the setup. If each candidate cell has a fewer number of CSI-RS (e.g. 2 per candidate cell) , then there may be more bits in the first alternative, since the size of the CSI-RS index depends on the maximum number. It is a fixed size. In the second alternative, even if there is only one CSI-RS, you still have to keep the 3 bits for the CS-RS index. From the network side, the network does not know which will be reported. The UE may report 4 CSI-RS from candidate cell 2, 1 from candidate cell 1, 1 from candidate cell 3. Since the network doesn’ t know, then the CSI-RS index needs to be fixed at 3 bits.
[0168] In some embodiments, the one or more processors (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) , coupled to a memory 406 or 604G, are further configured to receive an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE having an LTM-CSI resource set that includes CSI-RS resources selected from the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set of the different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells.
[0169] In some embodiments, the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set is triggered by a network and comprises: a report quantity in the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set. and K blocks, wherein K is a positive integer number configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Each of the ‘K’ blocks can comprise: a CSI-RS resource index (CRI) that is numbered across all configured candidate cells indicated in the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE; and an L1-RSRP value associated with the CRI, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded in relative to a largest L1-RSRP value across reported candidate cells in the CSI report.
[0170] In some embodiments, the CSI report with L1-RSRP report quantity is triggered by a network and comprises: K blocks where each of the K blocks is associated with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells, wherein K is a positive integer configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Each of the K blocks can comprise: a candidate cell identification (ID) that indicates the identity of a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; a CSI-RS index within the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured for the candidate cell identified by the candidate cell ID; and an L1-RSRP value associated with a CSI-RS identified by the reported CSI-RS index, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded in relation to a largest L1-RSRP value across the CSI-RS resources in a single reported candidate cell that is identified by the candidate cell ID.
[0171] As one example, an RRC signal can configure K = 2, i.e., including two candidate cells for CSI reporting. It is assumed that three candidate cells are configured with candidate cell ID #1, #2 and #3. When the CSI report is trigged by the network 100, two blocks (K=2) are included in the CSI report. Each block consists of: a candidate cell ID, a CSI-RS index, and an L1-RSRP measurement. In this example, the UE 106 selects to report candidate #2 and #3. Accordingly, it is set as follows: Block #1: -Candidate Cell #2; …Block #2: -Candidate cell #3. In this example, a single reported candidate cell reports to candidate cell #2 in block #1;and a single reported candidate cell reports to ‘candidate cell #3’ in block #2. In some embodiments, each of the K blocks can have a fixed size. The one or more processors, coupled to the memory, are further configured to encode the K blocks for transmission as uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .FIGs. 13 and 14: UE-Initiated CRI Report Content using MAC-CE
[0172] There are several differences between network-initiated beam reporting and UE initiated beam reporting. With network-initiated reporting, the network also configures the number of beams, K. Since the network is aware of how many blocks, K, will be reported, then there is no blind reporting. However, for UE initiated beam reporting, that may not be true. While the network is still aware of the K beams, the UE may decide not to report on each of the K beams. For example, the UE may only report on beams that meet a certain threshold measurement level. In one example, the network may configure 4 beams, but the UE may only report a single beam that meets the threshold level.
[0173] Another fundamental difference with network-initiated reporting is the type of reporting. The network uses uplink control information (UCI) to receive a network-initiated beam report from the UE. The UE uses MAC-CE to communicate a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) . Accordingly, a different approach is used for UEIBR than for network-initiated beam reporting.
[0174] FIG. 13 provides an example illustration of a table showing a MAC-CE format for a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) of candidate cells in an LTM operation, in accordance with some embodiments. The example illustrated in FIG. 13 is similar to the network-initiated beam reporting in the example of FIG. 11. In this example, the UE reports the measured L1-RSRP based on a unique synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource indicator (SSBRI) or CRI that are numbered across the reference signal resources of different candidate cells in an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE. In the UEIBR, the UE can inform the network 100 (or base station 102) that the MAC-CE is applied since there are a number of events, not just a single event. So, the UE can add an event ID to inform the network or base station what the L1-RSRP is applied to. In addition, there is a global index, similar to the example of FIG. 11. In UEIBR, the global index is not supported in 3GPP Rel. 18, since only SSB based measurements are supported. Given the SSB and CSI-RS signal are typically transmitted with different beams and transmission power, all resources configured by a ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE’s hould have a same RS type (i.e., either SSB or CSI-RS resource ) . Therefore, in this example, either the SSB index or the CSI-RS resource index within the set configured by ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE is reported, which depends on the RS type configured by this IE.
[0175] For an event-triggered measurement report, the event ID or the LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID that is 1: 1 mapped with an RRC-configured LTM event may be added into the LTM CSI report.
[0176] In some embodiments, report content for the UE-Initiated beam reporting (UEIBR) is configured as illustrated in the example of FIG. 13. In this alternative, a new MAC-CE may be introduced to report the measured L1-RSRP values based on a unique synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource indicator (SSBRI) or CRI that are numbered across the RS resources of different candidate cells in an LTM CSI resource configuration. An event-ID field comprises an event ID which triggers the report or LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID. An SSBRI or CRI #i comprises the SSBRI or CRI index within an LTM CSI resource set configured by the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE. An L1-RSRP #i comprises the measured L1-RSRP value of the ith SSBRI or CRI. In one option, an absolute L1-RSRP encoding is used with a 7-bit field. In another option, differential encoding used for L1-RSRP #i, where i>1 and the current serving cell, where each field corresponds to 4 bits. The value R is Reserved.
[0177] In some embodiments, one or more processors (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) , coupled to a memory 406 or 604G, are further configured to: generate a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) configured to send in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) , comprising: an event identification (ID) field comprising an event ID that triggers the UEIBR or an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig identification (LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID) associated with a triggered event by RRC signal. A synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource indicator (SSBRI) field ‘i’ or CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) field ‘i’ that indicates an ith synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource index or a CSI-RS Resource index that is numbered in an LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured by the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE across candidate cells, where i is a positive integer. A measured L1-RSRP value associated with the ith SSBRI or the ith CRI field is encoded, wherein absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP value with a 7-bit field; or absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP #i with 7-bit field when i=1, and differential encoding is used for L1-RSRP #i, when i>1and each field corresponds to 4 bits.
[0178] FIG. 14 provides an example illustration of a table showing a MAC-CE format for a CSI report MAC-CE for UEIBR, in accordance with some embodiments. In this alternative for UEIBR, a candidate cell index Ci can be added. The i value can be from 1 to 8. In octet 2, the candidate cell index value Ci can be binary, with 1 indicating a report for the candidate cell, and 0 indicating no report. In total, it is assumed for each candidate cell, up to 4 candidate cells can be reported. So, 4 of the 8 candidate cells can have a Ci value of 1. A second field provides an indication of the number of reported reference signals (RS) for a candidate cell with ordinal position i, among all of the candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1. In octet 3, the number of beams can be reported, with values from B (1) to B (4) , for a total of 4 beams. For each beam, you can have up to 4 reference signals. So, B (1) may be 2, B (2) may be 3, B (3) may be 1, and B (4) may be 4.
[0179] Octets 4 to 6 have a 1 to 1 mapping. For a candidate cell 3, if we report 2 reference signals, then Octet 4 is the first reference signal index and Octet 6 is the second reference signal index. Octet 5 is the RSRP measurement associated with Octet 4. Octet 7 is the RSRP measurement associated with octet 6. Since the MAC-CE can be detected at the base station based on the header, the length of the MAC-CE can be variable and still be received from at the base station.
[0180] The report content for the UE-Initiated beam reporting (UEIBR) in the example of FIG. 14 provides a second alternative to the UEIBR report content of FIG. 13. In the alternative of FIG. 14, if a candidate cell ID and SSB index or CSI-RS index are numbered on a per candidate cell basis are used for an LTM CSI report, a new MAC-CE may be defined as follows to report the UEIBR measurement results. An Event-ID field can be configured the same as in alternative 1 in the example of FIG. 13. A Ci field (e.g. C1-C8) indicates the CSI report status of a candidate cell, if there is a candidate cell configured with candidate cell ID i. A value of ‘0’ can indicate that a CSI report for this candidate cell is not included. A value of ‘1’ can indicate that a CSI report for this candidate cell is included. A B (i) field (e.g. B (1) to B (4) ) can indicate the number of reported RS signals for a candidate cell with ordinal position ‘i’ among all the candidate cells with Ci field set to 1. For the RS index (i, k) (e.g. RS Index (1, 1) ) , the ‘k′th SSB index or CSI-RS index of candidate cell with ordinal position ‘i’ among all the candidate cells with Ci field is set to 1. An L1-RSRP (i, k) index (e.g. L1-RSRP (1,1) ) , the measured L1-RSRP value of the ‘k′th SSB index or CSI-RS index of the candidate cell with ordinal position ‘i’ among all the candidate cells with Ci field set to 1. As in the first alternative of FIG. 13, the absolute encoding (7-bit) or differential encoding (4-bit) can be used for encoding and transmitting the measured L1-RSRP values.
[0181] In some embodiments, the one or more processors, (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) , coupled to a memory 406 or 604G, are further configured to: generate a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) configured to send in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) , comprising: an event identification (ID) field comprising an event ID that triggers the UEIBR or an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig identification (LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID) associated with the triggered event by RRC signal. A Ci field indicating a CSI report status for a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells that is identified with a candidate cell ID i , i is a positive integer and a Ci value of 0 indicates a CSI report for the candidate cell is not included, and a Ci value of 1 indicates the CSI report for the candidate cell is included. A B (i) field is included that indicates a number of reported reference signals for candidate cells with ordinal position i among all candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1. A reference signal (RS) index (i, k) field is included that indicates a 'k’th SSB index or a CSI-RS index of a candidate cell with an ordinal position ‘i' among all the candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1. An L1-RSRP (i, k) field is included that comprises a measured L1-RSRP value of an 'k’th SSB index or CSI-RS index of the candidate cell with an ordinal position ‘i' a mong all the candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1. Absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP value with a 7-bit field; or absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP #i with 7-bit field when i=1, and differential encoding is used for L1-RSRP #i, when i>1 and each differential encoding field has 4 bits.FIG. 15: Flow Chart of CSI Reporting at a UE for Candidate Cells
[0182] FIG. 15 illustrates a flow chart of a method 1500 for CSI reporting at a UE for candidate cells, in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1500 shown in FIG. 15 may be used in conjunction with any of the systems, methods, or devices illustrated in the figures, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performed concurrently, in a different order than shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also be performed as desired.
[0183] In some embodiments, the method 1500 comprises receiving, at the UE, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising: a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE; and a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE; and a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE, as shown in block 1510.
[0184] The method 1500 further comprises receiving, at the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising: a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells , as shown in block 1520. The method 1500 further comprises measuring CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells, as shown in block 1530. And sending the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to a network, as shown in block 1540.
[0185] In one aspect, a baseband processor (e.g. baseband processor 600 or 604) , or functionally similar component (s) whose function may include supporting baseband layer operations (e.g., to facilitate wireless communication between the UE 106 and other wireless devices) in the UE 106, can be configured to cause the UE 106 to perform any of the methods described herein. In another aspect, the UE 106 can have one or more processors (e.g. processors 402 and / or 600 or 604) coupled to a memory 406 or 604G to cause the user equipment 106 to perform any of the methods described herein. In another aspect, a baseband processor (e.g. baseband processor 600 or 604 can be configured to cause a base station 102 to perform one or more of the methods described herein. In another aspect, the base station 102 can have one or more processors 204 and / or 600 or 604 coupled to memory 260 or 604G configured to cause the base station 102 to perform any of the methods described herein. In another aspect, a computer program product, comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, can perform any of the operations described herein.
[0186] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be realized in any of various forms. For example, some embodiments may be realized as a computer-implemented method, a computer readable memory medium, or a computer system. Other embodiments may be realized using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Still other embodiments may be realized using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs.
[0187] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium may be configured so that it stores program instructions and / or data, where the program instructions, if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method, e.g., any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets.
[0188] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a UE 106) may be configured to include a processor (or a set of processors) and a memory medium, where the memory medium stores program instructions, where the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, where the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method embodiments described herein (or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets) . The device may be realized in any of various forms.
[0189] Any of the methods described herein for operating a user equipment (UE) may be the basis of a corresponding method for operating a base station, by interpreting each message / signal X received by the UE in the downlink as message / signal X transmitted by the base station, and each message / signal Y transmitted in the uplink by the UE as a message / signal Y received by the base station.
[0190] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
Claims
1.An apparatus of a user equipment (UE) comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:receive, at the UE, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising:a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE; anda second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE;receive, at the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising:a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells; andmeasure CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells; andsend the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to a network.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the CSI-RS resources in the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set are configured for one port or two ports;a report quantity in the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set is set as a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) and L1-RSRP (CRI-RSRP) ; andthe first LTM-CSI-RS resource set further includes one or more of a periodicity and offset value, resource mapping, a power control offset, a scrambling identification (ID) , subcarrier spacing, an absolute frequency location using an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) value, or a cyclic prefix (CP) type.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the channel quality information configured in the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set comprises a configuration for one or more of a channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) feedback, a rank indicator (RI) feedback, or a CSI-RS Resource Indicator;the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is configured to only support a type-1 codebook;the CSI-RS resources in the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is configured for up to 128 ports; anda report quantity in the CSI report associated with the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set is set with CRI-RI-PMI-CQI.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE associated with a CSI report for the one or more candidate cells only includes a single second LTM-CSI-RS resource set of a single candidate cell for a CRI-RI-PMI-CQI report.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the configuration of a second LTM-CSI-RS resource set includes one or more of a periodicity and offset value, resource mapping, a power control offset, a scrambling identification (ID) , subcarrier spacing, an absolute frequency location using an absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN) value, or a cyclic prefix (CP) type.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set and the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set further comprises quasi co-location (QCL) information comprising:a candidate Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state identifier (TCI-StateID) pointing to a candidate TCI-state (CandidateTCI-State) that is configured for a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; ora Synchronization Signal Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Block (SSB) index of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; ora non-zero power CSI-RS index (NZP-CSI-RS-index) candidate cell that is configured for the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors, coupled to the memory are further configured to:provide the QCL information for a CSI-RS resource of a periodic CSI-RS resource set via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling when the periodic CSI-RS resource set of a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells is configured by a same RRC signaling;provide the QCL information for a semi-persistent (SP) CSI-RS resource set via a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) that is used to activate a same semi-persistent CSI-RS resource set of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells; andprovide the QCL information for an aperiodic CSI-RS resource set via an RRC signaling when the aperiodic CSI-RS resource set of the candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells is configured by a same RRC signaling.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, coupled to the memory are further configured to:receive an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE having an LTM-CSI resource set that includes CSI-RS resources selected from the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set of the different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells.9.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set is triggered by a network and comprises:a report quantity in the CSI report associated with the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set;K blocks, wherein K is a positive integer number configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling;wherein each of the ‘K’ blocks comprises:a CSI-RS resource index (CRI) that is numbered across all configured candidate cells indicated in the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE; andan L1-RSRP value associated with the CRI, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded in relative to a largest L1-RSRP value across reported candidate cells in the CSI report.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CSI report with L1-RSRP report quantity is triggered by a network and comprises:K blocks where each of the K blocks is associated with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells, wherein K is a positive integer configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling;wherein each of the K blocks comprises:a candidate cell identification (ID) that indicates an identity of a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells;a CSI-RS index within the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured for the candidate cell identified by the candidate cell ID; andan L1-RSRP value associated with a CSI-RS identified by the reported CSI-RS index, wherein the L1-RSRP value is differentially encoded in relation to a largest L1-RSRP value across the CSI-RS resources in a single reported candidate cell that is identified by the candidate cell ID.11.The apparatus of claims 9 to 10, wherein each of the K blocks have a fixed size.12.The apparatus of claims 9 to 10, wherein the one or more processors, coupled to the memory are further configured to:encode the K blocks for transmission as uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, coupled to the memory are further configured to:generate a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) configured to send in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) , comprising:an event identification (ID) field comprising an event ID that triggers the UEIBR or an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig identification (LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID) associated with a triggered event by RRC signal;a synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource indicator (SSBRI) field ‘i’ or CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) field ‘i’ that indicates an ith synchronization signal physical broadcast channel block resource index or a CSI-RS Resource index that is numbered in an LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured by the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE across candidate cells, where i is a positive integer; anda measured L1-RSRP value associated with the ith SSBRI or the ith CRI field;wherein absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP value with a 7-bit field; orabsolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP #i with 7-bit field when i=1, and differential encoding is used for L1-RSRP #i, when i>1and each field corresponds to 4 bits.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, coupled to the memory are further configured to:generate a UE initiated beam report (UEIBR) configured to send in a medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) , comprising:an event identification (ID) field comprising an event ID that triggers the UEIBR or an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig identification (LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID) associated with the triggered event by RRC signal;a Ci field indicating a CSI report status for a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells that is identified with a candidate cell ID i , i is a positive integer and a Ci value of 0 indicates a CSI report for the candidate cell is not included, and a Ci value of 1 indicates the CSI report for the candidate cell is included;a B (i) field that indicates a number of reported reference signals for candidate cells with ordinal position i among all candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1;a reference signal (RS) index (i, k) field that indicates a 'k’ th SSB index or CSI-RS index of a candidate cell with an ordinal position ‘i' among all the candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1; andan L1-RSRP (i, k) field comprising a measured L1-RSRP value of an 'k’ th SSB index or CSI-RS index of the candidate cell with an ordinal position ‘i' among all the candidate cells with the Ci value set to 1;wherein absolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP value with a 7-bit field; orabsolute encoding is used for an L1-RSRP #i with 7-bit field when i=1, and differential encoding is used for L1-RSRP #i, when i>1 and each differential encoding field has 4 bits.15.A method of channel state information (CSI) reporting at a user equipment (UE) for candidate cells, the method comprising:receiving, at the UE, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising:a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE; anda second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE;receiving, at the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising:a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells; andmeasuring CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells; andsending the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to a network.16.An apparatus of a base station comprising:one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to:send, from the base station, one or more Layer 1 and Layer 2 (L1 / L2) triggered mobility (LTM) -Candidate information elements (IEs) to a user equipment (UE) , where each LTM-Candidate IE is applied for a candidate cell, comprising:a first LTM channel state information (CSI) reference signal (LTM-CSI-RS) resource set configured to provide a CSI report that is a layer one reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) report at the UE; anda second LTM-CSI-RS resource set configured to provide a CSI report that includes channel quality information in a channel quality information report at the UE;send, to the UE, a resource configuration of an LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig information element (IE) for one or more candidate cells, the LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig IE comprising:a set of LTM CSI-RS resources from the first LTM CSI-RS resource set or the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set of a same candidate cell or different candidate cells in the one or more candidate cells; andmeasure CSI-RS resources in the set of LTM CSI-RS resources configured by the ‘LTM-CSI-ResourceConfig’ IE, from one of the one or more candidate cells; andreceive, from the UE, the CSI report that is the L1-RSRP report measured on the first LTM-CSI-RS resource set or the CSI report that is the channel quality information report measured on the second LTM-CSI-RS resource set to send to a network.17.An apparatus configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform the method of claim 15.18.A user equipment (UE) configured to perform any of the operations described herein.19.A base station configured to perform any of the operations described herein.20.A computer program product, comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, perform any of the operations described herein.