Methods and systems to support automated extended reality (XR) service provisioning
The method optimizes XR device performance by managing services through a network of nodes, addressing computational limitations and enhancing XR device capabilities.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing XR devices struggle with high computational demands, leading to inadequate performance in processing XR applications due to insufficient data processing capabilities.
A method and apparatus for service provisioning in a communication network that involves identifying and managing XR device services through a network of nodes, enabling efficient utilization of available resources and capabilities to support XR applications.
Enhances the computational capacity of XR devices by optimizing service provisioning, allowing them to handle high computational demands effectively.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025087709_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT AUTOMATED EXTENDED REALITY (XR) SERVICE PROVISIONINGCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 749,316, filed January 24, 2025, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention pertains to communication networks, and in particular to methods and systems for service provisioning in a communication network.BACKGROUND
[0003] Digital world (DW) services such as metaverse, augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) which may be collectively called eXtended Reality (XR) services, have been developed for a number of applications in gaming, entertainment, healthcare, industrial automation, remote vehicle driving, to name a few. The users may use specific devices (e.g., XR devices such as head-mounted devices) , to access an application server (e.g., an XR application server) . These devices may have a high-resolution video display to display the XR video and multiple sensors and actuators to capture the surrounding environment, (e.g. video and audio, and user movement) . In some instances, the applications may require significant data processing, such as video capturing and video rendering, at the XR devices. As the applications require more data processing (computations) , the devices can become incapable of keeping up with the computations required by the applications.
[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a method and apparatus for service provisioning in a communication network that obviates or mitigates one or more limitations of the prior art.
[0005] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.SUMMARY
[0006] An object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for service provisioning in a network.
[0007] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a first method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The first method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node, a service management request to manage one or more services of the terminal device at the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, the service management request indicates an action and one or more parameters related to the action. The service management request may include one or more parameters related to the terminal device. The first method includes identifying a third node to manage the service management request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The first method includes receiving from the third node a service management response, the service management response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of managing the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0008] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service registration request, and the action may be to register the one or more services of the terminal device to the network.
[0009] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service update request, and the action may be to update the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to the network.
[0010] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service deregistration request, and the action may be to remove the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to the network.
[0011] According to an embodiment, the one or more services of the terminal device include one or more of sensor services and actuator services.
[0012] According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters related to the terminal device may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; an indication of the action; a terminal device service profile; and a terminal device service profile ID.
[0013] According to an embodiment, receiving the service management request may include receiving a service handling request from the second node. The service handling request may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device or an indication of a location of the terminal device.
[0014] According to an embodiment, identifying the third node may include transmitting a service handling response to the second node. The service handling response may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device; the location of the terminal device; and information of the third node. The information related to the third node may include one or more of: a third node identifier (ID) ; a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node; a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the third node; and an address of third node.
[0015] According to an embodiment, the second node may send or transmit the service management request to the third node.
[0016] According to an embodiment, identifying the third node to manage the service management request may include transmitting the service management request to the third node.
[0017] According to an embodiment, the third node may be identified by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with one or more capabilities of the third node.
[0018] According to an embodiment, the first method may include transmitting the service management response received from the third node to the second node.
[0019] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the first method for service provisioning in the network.
[0020] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the first method for service provisioning in the network.
[0021] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the first method for service provisioning in the network.
[0022] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a second method for service provisioning in a network. The second method is performed by a first node of the network. The second method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node of the network, a service management request to manage, at the network, one or more services of the terminal device, the one or more services provided by an electronic device coupled to the terminal device. The service management request indicates an action and one or more parameters related to the terminal device. The first node has one or more capabilities associated with one or more applications managed by the first node, and the first node is configured to enable the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The second method includes transmitting a service management response to a third node. The service management response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of processing the management request.
[0023] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service registration request, and the action may be to register, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0024] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service update request, and the action may be to update, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered in the network.
[0025] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be a service deregistration request, and the action may be to remove, from the network, the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered in the network.
[0026] According to an embodiment, the one or more services of the terminal device include one or more of: sensor services and actuator services.
[0027] According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters related to the terminal device include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; an indication of the action; a terminal device service profile; and a terminal device service profile ID.
[0028] According to an embodiment, the service management response may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; an indication to confirm that the action has been fulfilled; and one or more action parameters associated with the action.
[0029] According to an embodiment, receiving the service management request may include receiving a service handling request from the third node via the second node, and the service handling request may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device or an indication of the location of the terminal device.
[0030] According to an embodiment, transmitting the service management response may include transmitting a service handling response to the third node via the second node, the service handling response may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device; the location of the terminal device; and information of the first node that includes one or more of: a first node identifier (ID) ; a uniform resource locator (URL) of the first node; a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the first node; and an address of first node.
[0031] According to an embodiment, the service management request may be received further via the third node of the network.
[0032] According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters related to the terminal device may be matched with the one or more capabilities of the first node.
[0033] According to an embodiment, the second method may further include: transmitting the service management request to a fourth node of the network. The fourth node may be configured to store information indicative of: the one or more services of the terminal device; and the one or more applications.
[0034] According to an embodiment, the second method may include receiving, from the fourth node, an acknowledgement of the service management request.
[0035] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the second method for service provisioning in a network.
[0036] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the second method for service provisioning in a network.
[0037] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the second method for service provisioning in the network.
[0038] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a third method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The third method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service registration request for registering one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device. The service registration request includes a service profile of the terminal device. The service registration request may include one or more parameters related to the terminal device. The third method includes identifying a third node to handle the service registration request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, wherein the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The third method includes receiving from the third node a service registration response, the service registration response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0039] According to an embodiment, the third method may include transmitting the service registration response to the second node.
[0040] According to an embodiment, the service profile of the terminal device may include at least one of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; an electronic device ID; a service type indication for the one or more services; a type of sensor data for the one of the services; a sensor frequency capability; a data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the type of sensor data; a computing capability of the terminal device; a location of the terminal device; mobility information for the electronic device; a second node ID; an availability information; a service location information; environmental requirements; a data pre-processing capability; an ability to download one or more artificial intelligence (AI) inference models; a data network information; and privacy requirements.
[0041] According to an embodiment, the one or more services may include one or more of sensor services and actuator services.
[0042] According to an embodiment, for execution of the third method, the terminal device may have been successfully registered with the network and may operates within a service area of the third node.
[0043] According to an embodiment, after execution of the third method, one or more network entities may utilize the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0044] According to an embodiment, receiving the service registration request may include receiving a service handling request from the second node, the service handling request may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device or an indication of the location of the terminal device.
[0045] According to an embodiment, the third method may include transmitting a service handling response to the second node. The service handling response may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device; the location of the terminal device; and information of the third node that includes one or more of: a third node identifier (ID) ; a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node; a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; and an address of third node.
[0046] According to an embodiment, the third method may include transmitting the service management request to the third node.
[0047] According to an embodiment, the first node may be further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.
[0048] According to an embodiment, the service registration response may include one or more of: identification information of the electronic device; identification information of the third node; a cause for the result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device; a service area indication for the one or more services of the terminal device; and a service time indication for the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0049] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the third method for service provisioning in the network.
[0050] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the third method for service provisioning in the network.
[0051] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the third method for service provisioning in the network.
[0052] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a fourth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The fourth method include receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service update request for updating one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, the service update request includes a service profile of the terminal device. The service update request may include one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device. The fourth method includes identifying a third node to handle the service update request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The fourth method includes receiving from the third node a service update response, the service update response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of updating the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0053] According to an embodiment, third node may be further configured to update, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0054] According to an embodiment, the fourth method may include transmitting the service update response to the second node.
[0055] According to an embodiment, the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device may include at least one of: terminal device identifier (ID) ; electronic device ID; a service type indication for the one or more services; a type of sensor data for the one of the services; a sensor frequency capability; data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the type of sensor data; a computing capability of the terminal device; a location of the terminal device; mobility information for the electronic device; a second node ID; an availability information; a service location information; environmental requirements; data pre-processing capability; an ability to download one or more artificial intelligence (AI) inference models; a data network information; and privacy requirements.
[0056] According to an embodiment, the one or more services may include one or more of sensor services and actuator services.
[0057] According to an embodiment, for execution of the fourth method, the terminal device may have been successfully registered with the network and may operates within a service area of the third node.
[0058] According to an embodiment, after execution of the fourth method, one or more network entities may utilize the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0059] According to an embodiment, receiving the service update request may include receiving a service handling request from the second node. The service handling request may include at least one of: the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device or an indication of the location of the terminal device.
[0060] According to an embodiment, the fourth method may include transmitting a service handling response to the second node. The service handling response may include at least one of: the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device; the location of the terminal device; and information of the third node that includes one or more of: a third node identifier (ID) ; a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node; a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; and an address of third node.
[0061] According to an embodiment, the fourth method may include transmitting the service update request to the third node.
[0062] According to an embodiment, the first node may be further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.
[0063] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the fourth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0064] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the fourth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0065] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the fourth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0066] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a fifth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The fifth method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service deregistration request for deregistering one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, the service deregistration request includes a service profile of the terminal device. The service deregistration request may include one or more parameters related to the terminal device. The fifth method includes identifying a third node to handle the service deregistration request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The fifth method includes receiving from the third node a service deregistration response, the service deregistration response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of deregistration the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0067] According to an embodiment, third node may be further configured to deregister, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0068] According to an embodiment, the fifth method may include transmitting the service deregistration response to the second node.
[0069] According to an embodiment, the one or more parameters related to the terminal device may include at least one of: terminal device identifier (ID) ; electronic device ID; one or more terminal device service profile IDs; a service discontinuation time; and a third node ID.
[0070] According to an embodiment, the one or more services may include one or more of sensor services and actuator services.
[0071] According to an embodiment, the one or more services of the terminal device may be registered in the network.
[0072] According to an embodiment, the service deregistration response may be indicative of a successful deregistration of the one or more services in the network for utilization by one or more authorized network entities.
[0073] According to an embodiment, receiving the service deregistration request may include receiving a service handling request from the second node, the service handling request may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device or an indication of the location of the terminal device.
[0074] According to an embodiment, the fifth method may include transmitting a service handling response to the second node. The service handling response may include at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device; the location of the terminal device; and information of the third node that includes one or more of: a third node identifier (ID) ; a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node; a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; and an address of third node.
[0075] According to an embodiment, the fifth method may include transmitting the service deregistration request to the third node.
[0076] According to an embodiment, the first node may be further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.
[0077] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to transmit the service deregistration request to a fourth node of the network, and the fourth node may be configured to store information indicative of: the one or more services of the terminal device; and the one or more applications.
[0078] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the fifth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0079] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the fifth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0080] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the fifth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0081] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a sixth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The sixth method includes receiving, from a second node, a quality of service (QoS) monitoring request to establish monitoring of QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, wherein the QoS monitoring request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications. The sixth method includes identifying a third node to manage the QoS monitoring request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to the one or more applications managed by the third node. The sixth method includes transmitting a QoS monitoring management request to the third node. The sixth method includes receiving a QoS monitoring management response from the third node, the QoS monitoring management response includes a confirmation of the third node having received the QoS monitoring management request. The sixth method includes transmitting a QoS monitoring response to the second node, the QoS monitoring response includes information of one or more reporting entities and a result of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information.
[0082] According to an embodiment, the result of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information may indicate that establishment of monitoring of the QoS information is successful.
[0083] According to an embodiment, the information related to the second node may include a second node identifier (ID) . The information related to the one or more applications may include respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications. The QoS monitoring request may include one or more of: respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions; one or more QoS parameters to be monitored; one or more QoS monitoring periods; one or more QoS monitoring service areas; one or more QoS report frequency indications; and one or more QoS monitoring report thresholds.
[0084] According to an embodiment, the second node may be a terminal device registered in the network, the one or more sessions being associated with the one or more services, and receiving the QoS monitoring request from the second node may include receiving the QoS monitoring request from the second node via a fourth node.
[0085] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to identify the one or more reporting entities to monitor the QoS information; and receive one or more QoS monitoring reports from the one or more reporting entities.
[0086] According to an embodiment, the third node may be further configured to generate a complete QoS report according to the one or more QoS monitoring reports; and transmit the complete QoS report to the second node.
[0087] According to an embodiment, the QoS monitoring response may include one or more of: a cause for the result of the establishment of the QoS monitoring; information for the one or more reporting entities; and an indication of a QoS reporting method.
[0088] According to an embodiment, the first node and the third node may be configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; and the one or more sessions may be established between the one or more applications and the second node.
[0089] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the sixth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0090] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the sixth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0091] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the sixth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0092] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a seventh method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The seventh method includes receiving, from a second node, a quality of service (QoS) monitoring management request to manage monitoring, for a third node, of QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, the QoS monitoring management request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications. The seventh method includes identifying one or more reporting entities to monitor the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications in the network. The seventh method includes transmitting a QoS monitoring management response to the second node, the QoS monitoring management response includes a confirmation of the first node having received the QoS monitoring management request. The first node is selected by the second node to manage the monitoring of the QoS information based on one or more capabilities of the first node in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the first node.
[0093] According to an embodiment, the information related to the second node may include a third node identifier (ID) ; the information related to the one or more applications may include respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications. The QoS monitoring management request may include one or more of: respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions; one or more QoS parameters to be monitored; one or more QoS monitoring periods; one or more QoS monitoring service areas; one or more QoS report frequency indications; and one or more QoS monitoring report thresholds.
[0094] According to an embodiment, the QoS monitoring management response may include one or more of: a result of managing the monitoring of the QoS information; a cause for the result of managing the monitoring of the QoS information; an indication of the one or more reporting entity; and an indication of a QoS reporting method.
[0095] According to an embodiment, the seventh method may include generating a complete QoS report; and transmitting the complete QoS report generated according to the one or more QoS monitoring reports, to the third node.
[0096] According to an embodiment, the one or more sessions may be associated with one or more services registered in the network; the first node and the second node may be configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; and the one or more sessions may be established between the one or more applications and the third node.
[0097] According to an embodiment, identifying the one or more reporting entities may include requesting the one or more reporting entities to provide one or more QoS monitoring reports indicative of the QoS information for the one or more sessions.
[0098] According to an embodiment, the seventh method may include receiving, from the second node, a QoS monitoring discontinuation request.
[0099] According to an embodiment, the seventh method may include transmitting a request to the one or more reporting entities to discontinue monitoring the QoS information for the one or more sessions.
[0100] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the seventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0101] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the seventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0102] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the seventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0103] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an eighth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The eighth method includes receiving, from a second node, a quality of service (QoS) monitoring discontinuation request for discontinuing providing QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, the QoS monitoring discontinuation request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications. The eighth method includes identifying a third node that manages QoS monitoring for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications in the network. The eighth method includes transmitting a QoS monitoring management discontinuation request to the third node. The eighth method includes receiving a QoS monitoring management discontinuation response from the third node, the QoS monitoring management discontinuation response includes a confirmation of the third node having received the QoS monitoring management discontinuation request. The eighth method includes transmitting a QoS monitoring discontinuation response, to the second node, the QoS monitoring discontinuation response a result of discontinuing providing the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications.
[0104] According to an embodiment, the result of discontinuing providing the QoS information may indicate that discontinuing providing the QoS information is successful.
[0105] According to an embodiment, the information related to the second node may include a second node identifier (ID) ; the information related to the one or more applications may include respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications. The QoS monitoring discontinuation request may include one or more of: respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions; one or more QoS parameters the monitoring of which is to be discontinued; one or more QoS monitoring discontinuation periods; and one or more QoS monitoring discontinuation service areas.
[0106] According to an embodiment, the second node may be a terminal device registered in the network, the one or more sessions may be associated with the one or more services, and receiving the QoS monitoring discontinuation request from the second node may include receiving the QoS monitoring discontinuation request from the second node via a fourth node.
[0107] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to identify the one or more reporting entities that report the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications; and transmit a request to the one or more reporting entities to stop reporting the QoS information.
[0108] According to an embodiment, the third node may be further configured to receive one or more last QoS reports from the one or more reporting entities; generate a complete QoS report according to the one or more last QoS monitoring reports; and transmit the complete QoS report to the second node.
[0109] According to an embodiment, the result of discontinuing providing the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications may include an acknowledgment that discontinuing monitoring of the QoS information is successful.
[0110] According to an embodiment, the first node and the third node may be configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; and the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications may be monitored in the network.
[0111] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the eighth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0112] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the eighth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0113] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the eighth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0114] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a ninth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The ninth method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node a computation offloading (CO) establishment request to provide CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications, the CO establishment request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The ninth method includes identifying a third node to manage the CO establishment request in relation to the one or more applications, the one or more applications are managed by the third node. The ninth method includes transmitting a CO resource request to the third node to establish the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The ninth method includes receiving a CO resource response from the third node, the CO resource response includes information of a network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The ninth method includes transmitting a CO establishment response to the terminal device.
[0115] According to an embodiment, the ninth method may include transmitting a data plane establishment request to a fourth node to establish data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The data plane establishment request may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; a first node data plane session ID; a second node ID; a location indication for the terminal device; the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; the information related to the one or more applications; and one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements.
[0116] According to an embodiment, the ninth method may include receiving a data plane establishment response from the fourth node to confirm establishment of the data plane connection between the terminal device and the network function, and the data plane establishment response may include the first node data plane session ID.
[0117] According to an embodiment, the fourth node may be configured to transmit a first data plane connection configuration to the terminal device via the second node; transmit a second data plane connection configuration to the network function; and transmit a third data plane connection configuration to a data plane gateway function.
[0118] According to an embodiment, the CO establishment response may include one or more of: a result of establishment of the CO in the network for the terminal device; a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device; the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; a CO time information; and a CO payment information.
[0119] According to an embodiment, the information related to the one or more applications may include one or more of: a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications; an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; and an application session ID for each application of the one or more applications. The requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device may include one or more of: one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements; one or more hardware requirements; and one or more software requirements.
[0120] According to an embodiment, the CO establishment request may include a CO time information.
[0121] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to identify the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; and transmit a CO configuration request to the network function. The CO configuration request may include one or more of: a third node CO session identifier (ID) ; one or more hardware requirements; one or more software requirements; one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between the second node and a data plane gateway function; and one or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the second node and the data plane gateway function.
[0122] According to an embodiment, a CO service may be provided in the network.
[0123] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the ninth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0124] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the ninth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0125] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the ninth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0126] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a tenth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The tenth method includes receiving, from a second node, a computation offloading (CO) resource request to manage CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications in the network, the CO resource request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The tenth method includes identifying a network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The tenth method includes transmitting a CO resource response to the second node, wherein the CO resource response includes information of the network function. The first node is selected by the second node to manage the CO in the network for the terminal device in relation to the one or more applications, the one or more applications are managed by the first node.
[0127] According to an embodiment, the information related to the one or more applications may include one or more of: a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications; an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; and an application session ID for each application of the one or more applications. The requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device may include one or more of: one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements; one or more hardware requirements; and one or more software requirements.
[0128] According to an embodiment, the CO resource request may include one or more of:
[0129] A CO session identifier (ID) for the second node; and a location indication for the terminal device.
[0130] According to an embodiment, the CO resource response may include a CO session identifier (ID) for the second node and one or more of: a result of establishment of the CO in the network for the terminal device; the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; a CO time information; and a CO payment information.
[0131] According to an embodiment, the tenth method may include transmitting a CO configuration request to the network function. The CO configuration request may include one or more of: a first node CO session identifier (ID) ; one or more hardware requirements; one or more software requirements; one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between a third node, the third node providing network access to the terminal device, and a data plane gateway function; and one or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the third node and the data plane gateway function.
[0132] According to an embodiment, a CO service may be provided in the network.
[0133] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the tenth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0134] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the tenth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0135] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the tenth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0136] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an eleventh method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The eleventh method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node, a computation offloading (CO) modification request to modify CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications, the CO modification request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for modifying the CO in the network for the terminal device. The eleventh method includes identifying a third node that manages the CO in the network for the terminal device in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the third node. The eleventh method includes transmitting a CO resource request to the third node to modify the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The eleventh method includes receiving a CO resource response from the third node, the CO resource response includes information of a network function to provide modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The eleventh method includes transmitting a CO establishment response to the terminal device.
[0137] According to an embodiment, the CO resources and the modified CO resources may be provided by the network function.
[0138] According to an embodiment, the eleventh method may include transmitting a data plane modification request to a fourth node to modify data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The data plane modification request may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; a first node data plane session ID; a second node ID; a location indication for the terminal device; the information of the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; the information related to the one or more applications; and one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements.
[0139] According to an embodiment, the eleventh method may include receiving a data plane modification response from the fourth node to confirm modification of the data plane connection between the terminal device and the network function. The data plane modification response may include the first node data plane session ID.
[0140] According to an embodiment, the fourth node may be configured to transmit a first data plane connection configuration to the terminal device via the second node; transmit a second data plane connection configuration to the network function; and transmit a third data plane connection configuration to a data plane gateway function.
[0141] According to an embodiment, the CO modification response may include one or more of: a result of modification of the CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device; a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device; the information of the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; a CO time information; and a CO payment information.
[0142] According to an embodiment, the information related to the one or more applications may include one or more of: a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications; an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; and an application session ID for each application of the one or more applications. The requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device may include one or more of: one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements; one or more hardware requirements; and one or more software requirements.
[0143] According to an embodiment, the CO modification request may include a CO time information.
[0144] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to: identify the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; and transmit a CO configuration request to the network function. The CO configuration request may include one or more of: a third node CO session identifier (ID) ; one or more hardware requirements; one or more software requirements; one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between the second node and a data plane gateway function; and one or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the second node and the data plane gateway function.
[0145] According to an embodiment, CO resources may be provided for the CO in the network for the terminal device.
[0146] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the eleventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0147] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the eleventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0148] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the eleventh method for service provisioning in the network.
[0149] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a twelfth method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network. The twelfth method includes receiving, from a terminal device via a second node, a computation offloading (CO) release request to release CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using while or more applications, the CO release request includes information related to the one or more applications. The twelfth method includes identifying a third node that manages the CO in the network in relation to the one or more applications, the one or more applications are managed by the third node. The twelfth method includes transmitting a CO resource release request to the third node to release the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The twelfth method includes receiving a CO resource release response from the third node, the CO resource release response includes a confirmation that the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device have been released. The twelfth method includes transmitting a CO release response to the terminal device.
[0150] According to an embodiment, the twelfth method may include transmitting a data plane release request to a fourth node to release data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device. The data plane release request may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) , and a first node data plane session ID.
[0151] According to an embodiment, the twelfth method may include receiving a data plane release response from the fourth node to confirm release of the data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device, the data plane release response including the first node data plane session ID.
[0152] According to an embodiment, the fourth node may be configured to transmit a first data plane connection release request to the terminal device via the second node; transmit a second data plane connection release request to the network function; and transmit a third data plane connection release request to a data plane gateway function.
[0153] According to an embodiment, the CO release response may include one or more of: a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device; an acknowledgement indicating that the CO resources have been released; and CO payment information.
[0154] According to an embodiment, the information related to the one or more applications may include one or more of: a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications; an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; and an application session ID for each application of the one or more applications.
[0155] According to an embodiment, the third node may be configured to identify the network function that provides the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; and transmit a network function release request to the network function. The network function release request may include one or more of: a terminal device identifier (ID) ; a third node CO session identifier (ID) ; a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications; an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; and an application session ID for each application of the one or more applications.
[0156] According to an embodiment, the CO resources may be provided for the CO in the network for the terminal device.
[0157] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform the twelfth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0158] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a system that includes a first node; a second node; and a third node. The first node includes a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the twelfth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0159] In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the twelfth method for service provisioning in the network.
[0160] According to embodiments, multiple methods or apparatuses may interact together in a system, each method or apparatus as described above, and in the presence of each other.
[0161] Embodiments have been described above in conjunctions with aspects of the present disclosure upon which they can be implemented. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments may be implemented in conjunction with the aspect with which they are described, but may also be implemented with other embodiments of that aspect. When embodiments are mutually exclusive, or are otherwise incompatible with each other, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Some embodiments may be described in relation to one aspect, but may also be applicable to other aspects, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0162] Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
[0163] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example 6G system conceptual structure, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0164] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an example of a deployment of a 6G system, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0165] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example apparatus in the 6G system of FIG. 2, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0166] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an example of 6G network architecture, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0167] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of another example of 6G network architecture that employs enhanced 5G network functions, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0168] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an example procedure to support a network function in registering its capabilities in a network entity repository, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0169] FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an example procedure to handle the service profile registration of the UE, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0170] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of example steps for network entities to request or stop QoS monitoring, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0171] FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a computation offloading service that is provided by a digital world data processing function (DWDPF) in a core network (CN) , according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a method to establish computation offloading resources for a UE, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0173] FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a method to release computation offloading resources for a UE, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0174] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0175] The present disclosure sets forth various embodiments via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by a person skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, and examples can be implemented, individually or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof. As used herein, the term “about” should be read as including variation from the nominal value, for example, a + / -10%variation from the nominal value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in a given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.
[0176] Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods, apparatuses and systems for service provisioning in a network. Provisioned services may include management, registration, update, and deregistration of sensor and / or actuator services in the network that are provided by an electronic device within a terminal device. Provisioned services may include monitoring of quality of service (QoS) information for a node by one or more reporting entities in the network. Provisioned services may include establishment, modification and termination of computation offloading (CO) in the network for a terminal device.
[0177] Digital world (DW) services, such as metaverse, augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) , which may be collectively called eXtended Reality (XR) services, have been developed for a number of applications in gaming, entertainment, healthcare, industrial automation, remote vehicle driving, to name a few. The users may use XR devices, such as head-mounted devices (HMD) , to access an XR application server (AS) . The XR devices may have a high-resolution video display to display the XR video. The XR devices may also have multiple associated devices, such as sensors and / or actuators, to capture the surrounding environment, e.g., video, audio, and user movement. The XR applications may require significant data processing, such as video capturing and video rendering, at the XR devices. In addition to computing processing requirements, the XR devices also need power supply, which is often provided by an on-device battery. Therefore, the cost of XR devices may be high. Also, the XR devices may be very heavy to be worn for a long time. Additionally, during the XR session, the heat emanated from these devices may cause discomfort to some users.
[0178] In order to mitigate one or more issues associated with XR devices, heavy (e.g., highly resource-consuming) computational tasks, such as video rendering, may be offloaded from an XR device to a computation offloading (CO) server in the network. The XR device may capture video and sensor data, and send the data to the AS in the network. The CO server may process the data and can send the processed data to either the XR device, or the AS, or both.
[0179] Some XR devices may have certain computing capabilities to handle data processing tasks. The XR device may join XR services, such as virtual meetings. During an XR session, the battery may be running out. In such cases, the XR session may require additional computing resources beyond the hardware configuration of the XR device. In these scenarios, the XR device may request the network to provide computing resources and offload some data processing tasks to the network. When the XR device can handle computing tasks again, the XR device may request the network to release the CO resources. A technical problem lies in maintaining or facilitating continuity of the XR session during the transfer of computation tasks from the XR device to the network, and vice versa.
[0180] In order to maintain or facilitate session continuity while the computation tasks are transferred from the XR device to the CO server in the network and vice versa, the network may provide computing resources to the existing data session of the XR device. In some implementations, the XR device may notify the AS to send downlink (DL) traffic that may need to be processed to the CO server instead of the XR device after the CO server is ready.
[0181] In some implementations, the XR device may send data packets to the CO server for processing. The CO server may send processed uplink (UL) data packets to the AS. The network may perform network address translation (NAT) for UL data packets so that the session between the XR device and the AS will be uninterrupted.
[0182] An evolutionary solution of a 6th generation (6G) system architecture design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is designed by enhancement of a 5th generation (5G) system.
[0183] The proposed 6G network architecture has been designed with a few important principles and requirements, such as openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0184] The proposed 6G network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based everything as-a-service (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0185] For all of the procedure designs, modularization of procedures is proposed by way of example embodiments. A procedure of the 6G System may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure. A complex procedure can, thus, include multiple sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can advantageously simplify designs of procedures.
[0186] The 6G System conceptual structure 100 is shown in FIG. 1. The 6G System 100 leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G System are categorized into three layers.
[0187] In embodiments, with reference to FIG. 1, an Infrastructure Layer 130 includes infrastructures supporting 6G services, such as wireless networks (Radio Access Network (RAN) 131, Core Network (CN) 132) infrastructures, Cloud / data center infrastructures (not shown) , satellite networks 133, storage / database infrastructures 135, sensing networks 134. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0188] In FIG. 1, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, a XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches. The system illustrated in FIG. 1 is a non-limiting example.
[0189] With reference to FIG. 1, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 has a Service layer 110 that includes a Network for Artificial Intelligence (AI) (NET4AI) 111 that is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) , i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. Herein, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service 111 by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described.
[0190] At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Network for Data (NET4Data) service 112 that provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive, confidential. Herein, the NET4Data service 112 could be integrated into the 5G system, or could be enhanced by the 5G system.
[0191] At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Data analysis and management (DAM) 113 that focuses on different types of data, such as network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) data (3GPPTM-based sensing data (e.g., from user equipment (UE) and RAN) , Non-3GPPTM-based sensing data (e.g., from RadarTM, LiDARTM, Wi-FiTM Sensing) ) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM 113 provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, network function (NF) , UE, 5G system logical functions such as NWDAF, Data Collection Coordination Function (DCCF) , and Messaging Framework Adapter Function (MFAF) of control plane can be enhanced to support DAM service in an evolutionary solution.
[0192] At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Network for Block Chain (NET4BC) as a service 114. The NET4BC 114 provides mechanism to protect data integrity and security while being transferred and stored in the network.
[0193] At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Network for Digital World (NET4DW) 115 as a service that provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary.
[0194] At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Network for connectivity (NET4CON) 116 as a service that provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON 116 include managing logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, introducing intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and supporting anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service 116 is provided by enhancement of 5G system.
[0195] At a Control / Management (C / M) layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Mission Management (MM) 122 as a service that provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at Service Layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing protocol data unit (PDU) connectivity and optionally providing data processing. The MM services 122 include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service.
[0196] At the Control / Management (C / M) layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Resource Management (RM) 121 as a service that provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices.
[0197] At the Control / Management (C / M) layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Service Provisioning Management (SPM) 123 as a service that provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by identifier (ID) management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management.
[0198] At the Control / Management (C / M) layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Connectivity Management (CM) 124 as a service that provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D-users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across multiple Basic Architecture Structure (BAS) domains.
[0199] At the C / M layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Confederation Network (CONET) as a service 125, and Network Security Management as a service 127.
[0200] At the Control / Management (C / M) layer 120, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Protocol as a service 126 that provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0201] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates one example embodiment of deployment of the 6G system according to the evolutionary solution.
[0202] In FIG. 2, the “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-Mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+ (222) , the 5G RRC function is enhanced and correspondingly denoted as RRC+ (223) , the 5G Network Repository Function (NRF) is enhanced and correspondingly denoted as NRF+ (225) , the 5G Session Management Function (SMF) is enhanced and correspondingly denoted as SMF+ (227) , the 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is enhanced and correspondingly denoted as NEF+ (228) , the 5G Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is enhanced and correspondingly denoted as AUSF+ (230) , other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0203] As further shown in FIG. 2, a C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device (252) represents an over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device can have multiple C / M RBs 252. A Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device (254) represents an over-the-air connection for carrying Data plane traffic. A 6G device can have multiple Data RBs 254. An RB endpoint (255) represents an endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0204] As further shown in FIG. 2, an RB handler 256 represents an over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler 256 is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from Connectivity Management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from Service Provisioning Management (SPM) service.
[0205] As further shown in FIG. 2, theNET4CON service 260, which is main service impacting on 6G system architecture, is implemented by enhanced 5G Service Communication Proxy (SCP+ 263) as C / M plane gateway (GW) and enhanced 5G User Plane Function (UPF+ 264) as data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session, that includes control plane C / M session 261 and data plane data session 262, are defined as logical connections between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ 263 (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ 264 (Data-TW-GW) , respectively. All XaaS services are deployed across multiple BAS / clouds, such as BAS domain 1 211, BAS domain 2 212, BAS domain 3 213, RAN Inf (cloud) 271, CN Inf (cloud) 272, and 3rd party clouds 273.
[0206] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., electronic device (ED) , terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) . For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0207] Each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When an 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0208] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the 6G system in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 320 may be an electronic device (e.g., ED or other 6G customer) , a terminal device (e.g., a UE) , a network node (also referred to herein as a node) such as the AN, a reporting entity in the network, any components in the AN, the CN or any Network Function of the CN (AMF+, SMF+ or any other network functions illustrated in FIG. 2) . As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0209] When the apparatus is the AN, components of the AN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0210] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the one or more processors 260.
[0211] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , a computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0212] The example network architecture to support embodiments of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4. The user equipment (UE) 405 is the XR device, for example. The UE 405 may be equipped with communication units to connect with one or more communication networks.
[0213] The mobile network may have an Access Network (AN) 410 that may provide wireless or wired interfaces, or both, for the UE 405 to connect with a data network (DN) 460, and NFs of the Access Network (AN) 410 and Core Network (CN) 420. The AN 410 may include a radio management unit 411, and transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) point (s) 412 to support radio transmission and reception, localization functionalities 413 and sensing functionalities 414.
[0214] The CN 420 may include one or more of the following network functions (NFs) . An Autonomous Capability Programming or also known as Automatic network Capability Programming (A-CAP) function 422 can provide automatic network programing capability. The A-CAP function 422 knows the capabilities of other NFs, and selects different NFs to perform one or more tasks requested by a network service consumer, such as a UE 405, an AF, or NF (s) . A Connection Management Function (CMF) 421 can provide functionalities to support control plane (CP) 406 signaling between the electronic devices (EDs) , the UE 405 and the NFs in the CN 420. The CMF 421 may also manage the mobility of the electronic device (ED) and the UE 405. A Session Management Function (SMF) 423 can provide CP functionalities to create and manage user plane or data plane connections between the ED, the UE 405 and the NFs, and between the ED, the UE 405 and the data network (DN) 460. A Data Storage Function (DSF) 425 ca provide functionalities to store data of one or more of UE data, user data, NF data, application data, and network operation data, and any other types of data. The DSF 425 may be a unified data repository (UDR) function in a 5G system. The CN 420 may include a Data Management Function (DMF) 424 can provide functionalities to manage one or more DSFs. For example, some NF may send a data record of a data type to the DMF 424, then the DMF 424 may select a DSF 425 instance to store certain types of data. The DMF 424 may be a Unified Data Management (UDM) function in a 5G system. In some embodiments, the DMF may manage UE and ED subscription data. The ED and UE data subscription data may be provided by one or more of the following methods. One method may include the OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) function of the network providing or configuring one or more parameters of user subscription data. Another method may include a network entity (NE) , such as ED, a DW Control Function (DWCF) 432, providing one or more of parameters of user subscription data.
[0215] The DWCF 432 may manage some real-time digital twin (DT) information of the UE and ED, e.g., real-time location, or assigned / expected service location of an ED. The DWCF 432 may send the real-time DT information of the ED to the DMF 424 and the DMF 424 may store the DT information of ED in a DSF 425.
[0216] The CN 420 may include a Policy Function (PF) 426 that may create policies for different operations of the network and may provide policies to NFs, EDs, UEs, AN, DN.
[0217] The CN 420 may include a Security Function (SF) 427 that may provide one or more authorization functions, authentication function, and data security protection for one or more EDs, UEs, NFs in the AN, NFs in the CN, AN, and NFs in the DN.
[0218] The CN 420 may include a Location Management Function (LMF) 429 The LMF may provide one or more functionalities: detect the UE and ED location, estimate the location of the UE and ED, and track the mobility of the UE and ED.
[0219] The CN 420 may include a Network Entity Repository (NER) 434 that may provide functionalities for a network entity (NE) to register its NE profile so that other NEs can discover, select, and use the services of this NE.
[0220] The CN 420 may include a Control Plane Gateway (CP GW) 428 that may provide an interface for NFs in the DN to access the services provided by NFs of the mobile network.
[0221] The CN 420 may include a Data Plane Function (DPF) 435 that may provide one or more services: receiving data of NDT and NFs; processing the received data; forwarding the received data; and sending processed data.
[0222] The CN 420 may include a Data Plane Gateway (DP GW) 439 that may provide an interface to send or receive data between the mobile network and other entities in the DN.
[0223] The mobile network may provide NFs to host or support digital world (DW) applications. Some non-limiting examples of DW applications may include digital twin applications, metaverse applications, and other applications.
[0224] The following NFs may support DW applications. A Data Collection and Distribution Function (DCDF) 430 may be provided for one or more of the following functionalities: Data collection from NEs, such as sensors, UE, NF in the mobile network, NF in the DN; data storage management for the collected data stored in one or more Sensor Data Storage Functions (SDSF) ; data distribution to other NFs that request the data. A Sensor Data Storage Function (SDSF) 431 may be provided for storing sensor data. A DW Control Function (DWCF) 432 may be provided for performing one or more tasks to create and manage DW applications which include managing the operation of DW applications. A DW artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model training function (MTF) 437 may be provided and may use the collected sensor data, or any other types of data such as partially developed AI or ML models developed by other NEs during a federated learning process, to derive an AI or ML model to support DW applications. A DW artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model repository function (MRF) 438 may be provided for one or more of the following services: storing the AIML models derived by the MTF, and distributing AIML models to other NFs and ED. An AIML model may be complete or incomplete. If the AIML model is complete, other NEs can use the complete AIML model to infer the data. If the AIML model is incomplete, other NEs may use the incomplete AIML model to further develop the incomplete AIML independently or jointly to create a complete AIML model.
[0225] An Object Context Repository function (OCRF) 433 may be provided for one or more services: storing object context (e.g., UE context, ED context, NF context) in real-time, and distributing of object contexts to subscribed NFs. A DW Data Processing Function (DW DPF) 436 may be provided for one or more services: getting one or more AIML models from the MRF; getting the sensor data from the UE, ED and NFs; using one or more of AIML models or other methods to process the collected sensor data to detect the real world (RW) objects; converting the detected RW objects into one or more virtual world (VW) objects that can be used by one or more DW applications; running application software of DW applications; generating actuator data for actuator devices (e.g., video data for video games, patient monitoring videos in hospitals, robot monitoring in smart factories, vehicle monitoring for intelligent transport system operator, lighting control in smart city or performance data) ; and sending actuator control command and actuator data to actuator devices.
[0226] The DN 460 may host one or more applications, e.g., DW applications. The DW applications may be implemented by having a DW Controller (DWC) hosted in an Application Function (AF) 461, and a DW application hosted in an Application Server (AS) 462. The DWC may provide control functionalities. The DW AS may host application software of DW applications.
[0227] In some examples, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the functionalities of the above NFs may be implemented by modifying NFs of the 5G network as follows. FIG. 5 is an example illustration of the network architecture that employs enhanced 5G NFs.
[0228] The 5G access and mobility management function may be enhanced (5G AMF+ 521) to provide functionalities of the CMF (e.g., CMF 421 of FIG. 4) . The 5G session management function may be enhanced (5G SMF+ 522) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SMF (e.g., SMF 423 of FIG. 4) . The 5G policy control function may be enhanced (5G PCF+ 525) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the PF (e.g., PF 426 of FIG. 4) . The 5G network exposure function may be enhanced (5G NEF+ 527) to provide functionalities of the CP GW (e.g., CP GW 428 of FIG. 4) . The 5G network repository function may be enhanced (5G NRF+ 533) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the NER (e.g., NER 434 of FIG. 4) . The 5G unified data management function may be enhanced (5G UDM+ 523) to provide functionalities of the DMF (e.g., DMF 424 of FIG. 4) . The 5G unified data repository may be enhanced (5G UDR+ 524) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SDSF (e.g., SDSF 431 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Authentication Server Function may be enhanced (5G AUSF+ 526) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SF (e.g., SF 427 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Data Collection Coordination Function may be enhanced (5G DCCF+ 532) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the DCDF (e.g., DCDF 430 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Location Management Function may be enhanced (5G LMF+ 531) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the LMF (e.g., LMF 429 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Service Communication Proxy may be enhanced (5G SCP+ 530) may be enhanced to support the DWCF (e.g., DWCF 432 of FIG. 4) in direct communications with other CP functions. A-CAP 528 may provide the same functionalities of A-CAP 422 of FIG. 4. DWCF 529 may provide the same functionalities of DWCF 432 of FIG. 4.
[0229] Further with reference to FIG. 5, data plane 508 functions include the following functions. The 5G User Plane Function may be enhanced (5G UPF+ 534) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the DPF (e.g., DPF 435 of FIG. 4) , DWDPF (e.g., DWDPF 436 of FIG. 4) , and DP GW (e.g., DP GW 439 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Analytics Data Repository Function may be enhanced (5G ADRF+ 536) may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the OCRF (e.g., OCRF 433 of FIG. 4) , SDSF (e.g., SDSF 431 of FIG. 4) , MRF (e.g., MRF 438 of FIG. 4) . The 5G Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) may be enhanced (5G NWDAF-MTLF+ 537) to provide functionalities of the MTF (e.g., MTF 437 of FIG. 4) .
[0230] As further shown in FIG. 5, the DP functions include the Digital World Data Processing Function (DWDPF) 535, and Gateway User Plane Function that may be enhanced GW UPF+ 538.
[0231] The DW may provide services to mobile users, UE, NF, and AF. The services of DW may be accessible by using natural languages. In this disclosure, the services of DW are described by a Network Capability Description Language (NCDL) . The capabilities or services of DW are described in a friendly format for artificial intelligence (AI) and / or large language model (LLM) to enable full automation of network operation.
[0232] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to capabilities of the DWCF. The DWCF may register its capabilities in the NER or A-CAP so that the A-CAP can discover and select a DWCF to fulfill a task, request or a mission.
[0233] FIG. 6 illustrates a procedure to support a NF or a node (e.g., DWCF 620) to register its capabilities in the NER 610, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0234] With reference to FIG. 6, at Step 1 621, the DWCF 620 may send an NF capability registration request message to the NER 610 to register its capability in an NF, e.g., the NER 610 or A-CAP (not shown) . The message may include one or more of the following parameters: NF identifier (ID) , NF address (e.g., Uniform Resource Locator (URL) , full qualified domain name (FQDN) , IP address, and / or port number) , service area, list of capabilities, and capability profiles for each capability. The capability profile includes one or more of the following parameters: purpose for the capability, type of action, pre-condition, post-condition, a list of input parameters, a list of output parameters, and a description of how to use the registered capability.
[0235] With reference to FIG. 6, at Step 2 622, the NER 610 (or A-CAP) may send an NF capability registration response message to the DWCF 620 to acknowledge the receipt of the message in Step 1 621.
[0236] In the following description, some capabilities or services of the DWCF are described.
[0237] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to sensor and actuator service management capabilities for DW applications.
[0238] Capabilities or services of the DWCF may include a terminal device or UE service profile registration capability. Such capability may have an Action name, such as “terminal device or UE service profile registration” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. A purpose of such capability may include that the UE can register one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device (e.g., sensor (s) , actuator (s) within the terminal device) in the network so that any one or more of the applications, including DW applications, can use any one or more of such services of the terminal device. Prior to the action, an existing pre-condition includes the terminal device or UE being successfully registered with the network and the terminal device or UE operating in the service area of the DWCF. After a successful registration to the network, the UE can connect with the network and use services provided by the network, which may also be referred to as “network capabilities” as described in the present disclosure.
[0239] After the (i.e., successful) action for the terminal device or UE service profile registration, the post-condition includes other (authorized) one or more network entities or applications being able to use or utilize the one or more services of the terminal device (e.g., sensors and actuators of the UE) . The Input dimensions (parameters) may include the UE Service Profile (also referred to herein as the service profile of the terminal device) . The Output dimensions (parameters) may include a list of one or more input parameters. For example, the output parameters may include identification information of the terminal device and a result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device in the network.
[0240] The action includes the following example steps. The terminal device or UE sends a UE service profile registration request (also referred to herein as a service registration request) to the network, for example to the A-CAP via the AN and / or CMF, to register, in the network, one or more services (e.g., sensor and / or actuator services) of the terminal device. The A-CAP may receive this request and send or transmit it to a UE profile storage function, such as the NER. The A-CAP may also identify a node, such as DWCF, in the network, to handle the service registration request based on one or more capabilities of the node in relation to one or more applications managed by the node. Such node is configured to enable the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. Such node can manage and utilize the one or more service (e.g., sensor and / or actuator services) of the terminal device for DW applications. Identifying of such a node by the A-CAP may include selecting the node from a repository, for example via the NER. Identifying of such a node by the A-CAP may include selecting the node by matching one or more parameters related to the terminal device (i.e., parameters included in the service profile in the service registration request received by the A-CAP from the terminal device) with the one or more capabilities of the node. The A-CAP may send the UE service profile registration request to the selected DWCF. The DWCF may use the one or more services (e.g., sensor and / or actuator services) of the terminal device for the DW applications after obtaining consent from the UE.
[0241] Parameters of UE service profile (input dimensions) may include a terminal device identifier or UE ID to identify the UE, e.g., PEI (Permanent Equipment Identifier) , SUCI (Subscription Concealed Identifier) , or SUPI (Subscription Permanent Identifier) .
[0242] Parameters of UE service profile may include electronic device (ED) ID to identify the electronic device within the UE that provides the one or more services (e.g., sensor and / or actuator services) of the terminal device.
[0243] Parameters of UE service profile may include a service type indication for the one or more services of the terminal device indicative of one or more service types that the UE may provide. For a sensor, the service type may be a sensor service. For an actuator, the service type may be an actuator service. A single UE may provide one or more sensor services and one or more actuator services.
[0244] Parameters of UE service profile may include a type of sensor data for the one or more services of the terminal device, such as sensor data, e.g., RADARTM signals, LIDARTM signals, video data, cellular radio signals, Wi-FiTM radio signals, thermal meter data, wind meter data, some processed data. The processed data may be point cloud data that is obtained from sensor data after being processed by some signal processing methods.
[0245] Parameters of UE service profile may include a sensor frequency capability, such as the number of data samples the sensor can provide per time unit, e.g., can be a range, 10 to 30 samples / s, 15 -120 video frames / s.
[0246] Parameters of UE service profile may include an actuator type, for example, controllable switch, water tap control, temperature control device, robot movement controller, video screen, head mounted display device.
[0247] Parameters of UE service profile may include data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for each sensor data type or actuator data type, such as average bit rate, guaranteed bit rate, peak bit rate, maximum data burst volume, packet delay budget (e.g. one-way packet delay in the uplink, one-way packet delay in the downlink, and / or round-trip time delay) , packet loss rate, standardized set of QoS parameters (e.g., 5G QoS Identifier (5QI) in 5G networks) , alternative standardized sets of QoS parameters, and group of PDU (PDU set) description.
[0248] Parameters of UE service profile may include a computing capability of the terminal device, for example to download an AI / ML model and run an AI / ML model training task and / or data inference task in the UE. The computing capability may include one or more of the following parameters: parameters of Central Processing Unit (CPU) (e.g., CPU model number, number of cores, size of memories, speed) , parameters of a graphics processing unit (GPU) (e.g., GPU model number, number of cores, size of memories, speed) , and memory size (e.g. 16 GB of DRAM) , storage size (e.g. 1 TB of solid state drives (SSD) ) .
[0249] Parameters of UE service profile may include a UE location or a location indication of the terminal device. The UE may provide its location. The UE location may be updated later by the UE, or by an NF such as a Location Management Function (LMF) . The UE may perform a location estimation procedure to obtain its location. After the UE service profile registration procedure is complete, if the UE location is not provided, the NER may send a location request to the LMF. The LMF may initiate a location estimation for the UE and provide the UE location to the NER. The NER may subscribe to the LMF to obtain the location update of the UE.
[0250] Parameters of UE service profile may include mobility information for the terminal device and / or for the electronic device within the terminal device. The sensors or actuators may be fixed (static, immobile) or nomadic (mobile) . In case of mobile UE, the mobility area and UE service location information may be provided. For example, the mobile UE could be a sensor in moving vehicles, such as, for example, a video camera in a vehicle or a robot.
[0251] Parameters of UE service profile may include a CP interface function ID, e.g., AN ID, CMF ID, CMF address (e.g., one or more of URLs, IP address and port number) . If this information is missing, the mobile network may create the CP interface function information in another step. The A-CAP may receive the service registration request from the terminal device via another node such as a CP interface function.
[0252] Parameters of UE service profile may include a type of one or more sensor services. Parameters of ED service profile may include a type of one or more actuator services.
[0253] Parameters of UE service profile may include an availability information, such as time of the day (e.g. 7: 00 am -7: 00 pm) , days of the week, months of the year, one or more time periods.
[0254] Parameters of UE service profile may include a UE service location information that is related to the area within which the sensor service can be provided by the UE. For example, the service location information may include a cell ID, or a geographic zone ID. The UE service location information may also include the maximum range of RADARTM signals, or LIDARTM signals from the location of UE.
[0255] Parameters of UE service profile may include mobility information or indication, e.g., fixed or mobile, maximum mobility speed, speed range.
[0256] Parameters of UE service profile may include environmental requirements, e.g., minimum and maximum temperatures, minimum and maximum moisture level (e.g., relative humidity level, percentage) , lighting requirements.
[0257] Parameters of UE service profile may include a data pre-processing capability or an indication thereof.
[0258] Parameters of UE service profile may include an ability to download one or more AI inference models, or an indication thereof, from an NF, e.g., memory size, parameters of data processors such as GPU (e.g., GPU model number, number of cores, clock rate, memory size) , CPU (e.g., CPU model number, number of cores, clock rate, memory size) .
[0259] Parameters of UE service profile may include data network information (e.g., data network name (DNN) ) to indicate which data network the UE can support, or access.
[0260] Parameters of UE service profile may include network slice information (e.g., Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information (S-NSSAI) , network slice instance (NSI) ID) .
[0261] Parameters of UE service profile may include privacy requirements, for example, the device may support specific applications (e.g., a list of allowed application IDs) , a list of objects that are not sensed.
[0262] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include identification information of the terminal device (e.g., one or more parameters related to the terminal device) and a result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device. Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include UE ID to identify a UE, e.g., PEI.
[0263] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include identification information of the ED within the UE, such as ED ID to identify the device in the UE that provides the sensor and / or actuator services.
[0264] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include information of the Managing NF (e.g., DWCF) such as one or more of its ID, such as the ID of an NF, e.g., DWCF that manages the UE service profile registration, a uniform resource locator (URL) of the managing NF, a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the managing NF, and an address of managing NF.
[0265] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include a Result, such as a result of the UE service profile registration, e.g., Successful (or Accept) , Unsuccessful (or Reject) .
[0266] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include a Cause for the result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device. In case of Reject, cause of the rejection can be specified, e.g., the cause of rejection may be that the UE is not authorized to provide the service, or the UE is at an unauthorized location to provide the service.
[0267] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include Service area, or an indication thereof, for the one or more services of the terminal device, such as the area within which the UE can provide the service. If the UE moves out of the service area, the UE is not allowed to provide the service.
[0268] Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability may include Service time, or an indication thereof, for the one or more services of the terminal device, such as the time at which the UE can provide the service, for example, the UE can provide the service from 9: 00 am -21: 00 pm every day.
[0269] In some implementations, the input and / or output dimensions may be tabulated.
[0270] When the DWCF receives a UE service profile registration action call (e.g., the service registration request or a service handling request) , the DWCF may check the input dimensions to make a decision (Result) and provide the Cause in output dimensions. For example, input dimensions that include a type of sensor data and service area, some types of sensor data may not be allowed to be captured in some service areas, for example, the video data may not be collected near certain government buildings. In this scenario, the Result of output dimensions may be "Reject" , and the Cause may be "video data cannot be captured" . The Result of output dimensions may be "Accept" , and the Service Area in the output dimensions may specify the area within which the sensor data may be provided; the Service Time may be specified, e.g., from 7: 00 pm to 7: 00 am.
[0271] In another example, Data transmission QoS requirements may be included in the input dimensions. The network may not support the required QoS parameters in some service areas due to, for e.g., limited spectrum resources, or hardware limitations. In this scenario, the Result in the output dimensions is "Reject" , and the "Cause may be "QoS requirements cannot be supported in the service area" .
[0272] Capabilities or services of the DWCF may include a UE service profile registration update capability (also referred to herein as a service update capability) . An Action name for such capability may be “terminal device or UE service profile registration update” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The purpose of such action may be that the DWCF can receive service update request, such as the sensor and actuator service registration update requests, from the UE (e.g., via A-CAP and further via AN and / or CMF) for updating one or more services of the terminal device to the network, for example via updating the UE service profile. The DWCF stores the updated UE service profile in the NER.
[0273] Before such action, the pre-condition is that the UE is successfully registered with the network and the UE has successfully registered its service (s) with the network, and the UE operates in the service area of the DWCF. After such (i.e., successful) action, the post-condition is that other network entities or applications can use or utilize the (i.e., updated) services of the terminal device (e.g., services of sensors and / or actuators) .
[0274] The action includes the following example steps. The UE sends a UE service profile update request (also referred to herein as service update request) to the network for updating one or more services of the terminal device provided by an electronic device within the terminal device (e.g., one or more of sensor and / or actuator services) . The A-CAP may receive this request and identify a DWCF that can manage and utilize the sensor and actuator services for DW applications, to handle the service update request based on one or more capabilities of the DWCF in relation to one or more applications managed by the DWCF. Such identified DWCF enables one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The identified DWCF is configured (e.g., has a corresponding capability) to update, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device. Identifying of such DWCF by the A-CAP may include selecting the DWCF by matching one or more parameters related to the terminal device (i.e., parameters included in the service profile in the service update request received by the A-CAP from the terminal device) with the one or more capabilities of the DWCF. The A-CAP may send the UE service profile update request to the selected DWCF. The DWCF may use the sensor and actuator services in DW applications.
[0275] Input dimensions (parameters) of the UE service profile registration update capability include the UE Service Profile with updated parameters of UE Service Profile, described elsewhere herein with reference to Parameters of UE service profile (input dimensions) . Updated parameters may include parameters to be updated. Updated parameters may include parameters that are identifying or enabling for the update (e.g., profile ID may be same as the one used for the registration and the update, while a QoS requirement parameter may be an updated QoS requirement) .
[0276] Output dimensions (parameters) of the UE service profile registration update capability refer to the output dimensions of the UE Service Profile Registration Action, described elsewhere herein with reference to Output dimensions for the UE service profile registration capability. The DWCF may derive the output dimensions from the input dimensions in a similar manner to that described in the UE Service Profile Registration Action.
[0277] Capabilities or services of the DWCF may include a UE service profile deregistration capability, also referred to herein as a service deregistration capability. An Action name for such capability may be “terminal device or UE service profile deregistration” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The purpose of such action is that the DWCF can receive service deregistration requests, such as the sensor and actuator service deregistration requests, from the terminal device or the UE (e.g., via A-CAP and further via AN and / or CMF) for deregistering one or more services of the terminal device, provided by an ED within the terminal device, to the network, and requests the NER to remove the UE service profile in the NER. The pre-condition includes that one or more services of the terminal device are registered in the network, for example via the UE having successfully registered its service profile with the network. The post-condition includes successful deregistration of the one or more services in the network for utilization by one or more authorized network entities or applications, such that other network entities or applications are no longer able to use the services of the sensors and actuators.
[0278] The action includes the following example steps. The UE sends a UE service profile deregistration request, also referred to herein as a service deregistration request, to the network, for example to the A-CAP, for example via AN and / or CMF, for deregistering one or more services of the terminal device to the network, e.g., to stop providing one or more of sensor and actuator services. The A-CAP may receive this request and identify a DWCF that manages and utilizes the sensor and actuator services for DW applications. The A-CAP may identify the DWCF to handle the service deregistration request based on one or more capabilities of the DWCF in relation to one or more applications managed by the DWCF. The identified DWCF can enable and disable the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. Identifying of such DWCF by the A-CAP may include selecting the DWCF by matching one or more parameters related to the terminal device (i.e., parameters included in the service profile in the service deregistration request received by the A-CAP from the terminal device) with the one or more capabilities of the DWCF. The A-CAP may send the UE service profile deregistration request or a service handling request to the selected DWCF. The DWCF is configured to deregister, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device and may remove such services (e.g., sensor and / or actuator services) for the DW applications.
[0279] The Input dimensions (parameters) for the UE service profile deregistration capability action may include one or more of the following parameters: UE ID; ED ID; UE Service Profile ID (IDs of one or more UE Service Profiles, e.g., service profile (s) to be removed) ; Service discontinuation or deregistration time, or an indication thereof, to indicate the time the UE may stop providing the service; and Managing NF ID (used if the UE knows the managing NF's ID, e.g., a DWCF ID) .
[0280] The Output dimensions (parameters) or parameters that may be included in a service deregistration response for the UE service profile deregistration capability action may include one or more of: one or more parameters related to the terminal device, such as IDs of one or more UE Service Profiles; a Result (Successful (or Accept) , Unsuccessful (or Reject) , to indicate whether the UE may stop providing the service or not, e.g., the result parameter may be set to "Accept" to indicate the UE service deregistration (or discontinuation) request is accepted, or "Reject" to indicate the UE service deregistration (or discontinuation) request is rejected) ; a Cause to indicate the cause of rejection when the result is "Reject" , e.g., the cause of rejection may be that the UE needs to provide the service until a time in the future; and Service discontinuation or deregistration time indication to indicate the time the UE may stop providing the service, e.g., the UE must stop providing the service at "hour-minute-second date-month-year" .
[0281] The output dimensions or parameters that may be included in a service deregistration response may be derived or determined by the DWCF from the input dimensions. An example Result in the output dimensions may be Accept if the service of the UE may be released. In some scenarios, the Result may be accepted, but the Service discontinuation time indication may be set to a time in the future so that the UE may be required to provide the service until this time. Another example Result in the output dimensions may be Reject if the service of the UE is being used by some applications and may not be released at the moment. In this case, the Cause may be "UE service is being used" ; the Service discontinuation time indication may be set to a time in the future.
[0282] Terminal devices may register their services, that are provided by an ED within the terminal device, with the network, such that network entities, such as DW applications, can use their services. FIG. 7 illustrates an example method that allows a UE to register its services (e.g., sensing and / or actuating services) and / or electronic devices within the UE that are associated with providing such services, in the network. In particular, the UE may send a service profile management request, also referred to herein as a service management request, to the network, which is received by the A-CAP, for example via another node such as AN and / or CMF. Then the A-CAP can identify (e.g., select) a DWCF that can manage sensing and actuating services for DW applications. The A-CAP identifies such DWCF to manage the service management request based on one or more capabilities of the DWCF in relation to one or more applications managed by the DWCF. The identified DWCF enables the one or more applications or network entities to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device. The A-Cap may identify the DWCF by matching one or more parameters included in the service management request, and related to the terminal device, with one or more capabilities of the DWCF. The A-CAP may forward, send or transmit the service management request to the selected DWCF to manage the one or more services of the UE.
[0283] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 1 731, the UE 705 may send a UE service profile management request message, also referred to herein as service management request, to the network, such as to a CMF 711, for example via the access network (AN) 710. The message may include an action and one or more parameters related to the action. The message may include one or more of the following parameters related to the action: UE ID; an Action indication (e.g., UE service profile registration, UE service profile registration update, UE service profile deregistration) ; UE service profile (if the Action is UE service profile registration and UE service profile registration update) ; and UE service profile ID (if the Action is UE service profile deregistration) . Notably, if the UE service profile ID parameter is absent, such UE service profile management request from the UE may implicitly be indicative of a request to the network to remove all of its service profiles. In some implementation, the UE may send an explicit indication to remove some or all of its service profiles.
[0284] If the service management request at Step 1 731 is a service registration request, then the action is to register the one or more services of the terminal device to or with the network. If the service management request at Step 1 731 is a service update request, then the action is to update the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to or in the network. If the service management request at Step 1 731 is a service deregistration request, then the action is to remove the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to or in the network.
[0285] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 2 732, the CMF 711 may send a UE service handling request message to the A-CAP 713. The service management request at Step 1 731 may include or may be indicative of the service handling request. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: one or more parameters related to the UE and received from the UE, and the UE location or an indication thereof, such as the cell ID, the AN node ID, and / or geographical location.
[0286] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 3a 733, the A-CAP 713 may identify an NF, e.g., a DWCF 716 with one or more capabilities, that can manage the UE services and requests for management, registration, update or deregistration thereof, as the case may be, and enable one or more network entities or applications to utilize the UE services. For example, the A-CAP 713 may request the NER 718 to provide NF profiles of the DWCF with capabilities to manage the UE sensing and / or actuating services, or utilize the UE services in DW applications or by related network entities. For example, if the UE provides video service in a street, the DWCF that manages smart city DW applications may be selected.
[0287] In some embodiments, if the Action is to update or deregister a UE service profile, the A-CAP may identify or select the same DWCF that has been identified or selected to manage the UE service profile registration.
[0288] At Step 3b, the A-CAP 713 may notify the NF identified in Step 3a, such as the DWCF 716, by transmitting a corresponding notification message. The message may include one or more parameters of the service handling request received by the A-CAP 713 at Step 732. The message may or may not require a response, such as an acknowledgement.
[0289] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 4 734, the A-CAP 713 may send a UE service handling response message to the CMF 711. The message may include the information of the NF, e.g., DWCF, that can manage the UE services. The DWCF information may be one or more of the following parameters: DWCF ID, URL of the DWCF, FQDN of the DWCF, and address of the DWCF such as the IP address and port number. The message may include the one or more parameters related to the terminal device, and may include the location of the terminal device or an indication thereof.
[0290] In some embodiments, if other UEs request the same capability later as described above with reference to Step 1 731, the CMF may not need to send the UE service handling request message to the A-CAP as shown in Step 2 732. The CMF may use the DWCF information to send other UEs'requests to the same DWCF for the UE service profile management.
[0291] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 5 735, the CMF 711 may forward the UE service profile management request message to the DWCF 716 that was identified or informed by the A-CAP 713 in Step 3a 733.
[0292] With reference to FIG. 7, in some embodiments, at Step 3b 740, the A-CAP 713 may send the UE service profile management request message to the DWCF 716. Step 4 734 and Step 5 735 may be optional steps and can be skipped.
[0293] At Step 6a 736, the DWCF 716 receives the UE service profile management request message from the CMF 711. The DWCF 716 may send a UE management request message to the NER 718. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: UE ID; ED ID; UE Service Profile (s) if the UE requested Action is to register new UE Service Profile (s) , or update one or more existing UE Service Profiles; and UE Service Profile ID (s) to be removed if the UE requested Action is to deregister one or more UE Service Profiles.
[0294] In some embodiments, if the UE requested Action is to deregister all of the UE Service Profiles, the DWCF sends an instruction to remove all the UE Service Profiles.
[0295] With reference to FIG. 7, at Step 6b 737, the NER 718 may send a UE management response message to the DWCF 716 to acknowledge that the NER 718 has fulfilled the request received from the DWCF 716 in Step 6a 736.
[0296] At Step 7a 738, the DWCF 716 may send a UE service profile management response message, also referred to herein as service management response, to the CMF 711. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: UE ID; an indication to confirm that the UE requested Action has been fulfilled; and Action output parameters according to the requested Action of the UE.
[0297] In some embodiments, if the A-CAP 713 performs Step 3b 740, the DWCF 716 may skip Step 7a 738. Alternatively, the DWCF 716, at Step 7b 741, may send the UE service profile management response to the A-CAP 713. The A-CAP 714, at Step 7c 742, may send UE service handling response to the CMF 711, which may contain one or more parameters received from the DWCF 716 at Step 7b 741.
[0298] At Step 8 739, the CMF 711 may send a UE service profile management response, also referred to herein as service management response, to the UE 705. The message includes information received from the DWCF 716 in Step 7 738.
[0299] In some implementations, the A-CAP 713 may send the UE service profile management request to the DWCF 716 in Step 4 734. Step 5 735 may be skipped. In Step 7 738, the DWCF 716 may send the UE service profile management response to the A-CAP 713, and the A-CAP 713 may then forward the UE service profile management response to the CMF 711. The service management response may include identification information of the terminal device and a result of managing the one or more services of the terminal device.
[0300] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to QoS monitoring capabilities of the DWCF. The DWCF may have capabilities to monitor and report QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, such as the QoS parameters of a DW session, such as, for example, motion-to-photon delay parameter.
[0301] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the DWCF may have one or more capabilities related to a QoS monitoring capability for one or more sessions. An associated Action name may be “QoS monitoring establishment” , for example, and the Type of action being an in-out action. The purpose of such action includes the DWCF having the capability to monitor or facilitate or manage monitoring of QoS parameters of an (e.g., XR) session. The pre-conditions include that the service, e.g., XR service, has been and is being provided in the network (e.g., one or more services are registered in the network) ; the QoS monitoring capability is supported (e.g., A-Cap and DWCF support QoS monitoring in the network) ; and, optionally, the (e.g., XR) session of the UE or another service consumer has been established for an application. The post-condition of successful establishment of monitoring of the QoS information includes that the UE, reporting entities and network entities, e.g., AN, DPF, and DWDPF, are configured to report QoS measurements for one or more sessions related to one or more applications; and the measured QoS information, such as QoS parameters, are reported to the node that requested the QoS monitoring, also referred to herein as a service consumer.
[0302] The QoS monitoring establishment action includes the following example steps. The service consumer, e.g., external AF, NFs, and UE, can send a QoS monitoring establishment action call, for example as a QoS monitoring request, to the network, e.g., A-CAP, to establish monitoring of QoS information (e.g., to monitor the QoS parameters, e.g., motion-to-photon delay) for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network. The service consumer may send the QoS monitoring request via another node (e.g., AN, CMF) , for example if the service consumer node is a terminal device, then the A-CAP receiving the QoS monitoring request from the service consumer can include receiving the QoS monitoring request from the service consumer via such other node. The A-CAP can identify a DWCF based on one or more capabilities of the DWCF in relation to the one or more applications that are managed by the DWCF or in relation to the QoS monitoring request, and may request the DWCF that manages the (e.g., XR) application (s) to monitor the QoS parameters or to manage monitoring thereof. The QoS report can be sent to the service consumer and may be a complete report based on one or more reports from one or more reporting entities.
[0303] Input dimensions (parameters) for the QoS monitoring capability include information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications. The information related to the service consumer may include Service consumer ID to identify the entity requesting the service (e.g., AF ID, NF ID, UE ID) . The information related to the one or more applications may include, for example for each application, Application ID to identify an (e.g., XR) application. The QoS monitoring request may include one or more of: an ID to identify a UE or another service consumer that has an (e.g., XR) data session to monitor QoS parameters; (e.g., XR) data session ID to identify a specific (e.g., XR) data session of a UE or another service consumer; List of one or more QoS parameters to be monitored (e.g., motion-to-photon delay) ; one or more QoS Monitoring periods (the duration to monitor QoS parameters, e.g., a specified start time and an end time) ; one or more QoS Service areas (the area to monitor QoS parameter, e.g., a list of cell IDs, geographic area) ; Frequency of QoS reports or one or more QoS report frequency indications (e.g., periodically, threshold, at the end of a data session) ; and one or more QoS monitoring Reporting thresholds (e.g., a QoS report is sent to the Service consumer if the measured motion-to-photon delay is larger than 20 ms) .
[0304] A QoS monitoring response may be provided to the service consumer and include information of one or more reporting entities and a result of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information. Output dimensions (parameters) for the QoS monitoring capability, that may be included in the QoS monitoring response, may include one or more of: a Result, or indication thereof, of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information (e.g., Accept, Reject) ; a Cause for the result of the establishment of the QoS monitoring (e.g., if QoS monitoring establishment result is Reject, the cause indicates a reason for the rejection, e.g., AN does not support, or the CN does not support) ; QoS reporting entity information (e.g., NF information that will provide the QoS report, e.g., DWCF, DPGW, including one or more parameters such as NF ID, NF IP address and port number) ; and an indication of a QoS reporting method (e.g., the QoS report may be sent to the service consumer over the control plane, or over the data plane / user plane) .
[0305] In some implementations, the output dimensions of the QoS monitoring action may be determined from the input dimensions and other network capabilities as follows.
[0306] In one example implementation, a Result may be Accept if all network entities, such as the AN, and DWDPF, support the measurements of the requested QoS parameters of the Application ID.
[0307] In another example implementation, a Result may be Reject if one or more of the following conditions are not satisfied: the service / application is not provided in the service area (pre-condition is not met) ; some NFs, such as AN, or DWDPF, may not support the QoS monitoring of some QoS parameters in the requested Service Area; and the Application ID is not supported.
[0308] In another example implementation, the QoS reporting method may be determined based on the QoS information or parameters to be monitored, and Frequency of QoS reports. For example, if the Frequency of QoS reports is threshold-based and the QoS parameter is packet delay, then measured value of QoS parameter may be reported to the service consumer over the data plane or user plane to reduce the QoS reporting delay. In another example, if the Frequency of QoS Reports is selected to be at the end of the data session, then the QoS reporting method may be over the control plane because or such that the data plane or user plane of the UE or another service consumer is released when the data session is completed.
[0309] In another example implementation, a QoS monitoring execution phase may include a QoS report being sent from a QoS reporting entity (e.g., DWCF) to the service consumer (e.g., AF) . Reporting entities may be identified (e.g., selected according to one or more of: QoS monitoring request, one or more sessions related to one or more applications, and one or more applications) by the DWCF to monitor the requested QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications. The DWCF may receive one or more such reports from such reporting entities and may generate a complete QoS report according to such received reports and transmit the complete QoS report to the service consumer. A QoS report may include one or more of the following parameters: QoS reporting entity information (e.g., ID of the NF that provides the QoS report) ; one or more Reported QoS parameters (e.g., motion-to-photo delay) ; and a Timestamp indicating the timestamp of the reported QoS parameter (e.g., in the format of year-month-date hour-minute-second) . In another example implementation, a Report trigger may include the QoS report being executed when one or more of the following conditions are met as configured during the establishment phase: periodical report, threshold reaches, session end, and end-of-measurement period. A Measured value, e.g., 25 ms may be provided.
[0310] In another example implementation, a QoS reporting method may be indicated, e.g., over the control plane, or over the data plane / user plane.
[0311] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the DWCF may have a Termination or discontinuation of QoS monitoring capability. Such capability may have an Action name such as “QoS monitoring termination or discontinuation” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The Purpose of such action is that the DWCF has capability to terminate or discontinue monitoring of the QoS parameters of (e.g., XR) sessions, and / or (e.g., XR) applications during a period, or in a service area. The pre-condition includes that the XR service or QoS monitoring service is provided in the network (e.g., A-Cap and DWCF are configured to support QoS monitoring in the network) , and QoS information (e.g., some QoS parameters) for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications are or have been being monitored in the network for the service consumer. The post-condition includes that the network entities, e.g., UE, AN, DWDPF, DPF, are reconfigured to stop QoS monitoring. An acknowledgment that discontinuing monitoring of the QoS information is successful may be communicated to the service consumer, for example via a QoS termination response.
[0312] The action includes the following example steps. The service consumer, e.g., external AF, internal NFs, and UE, can send, e.g., via AN and / or CMF in applicable, a QoS monitoring termination action call, for example as a QoS monitoring discontinuation request, to the network, e.g., A-CAP, for discontinuing providing QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, e.g., to stop monitoring QoS parameters, e.g., motion-to-photon delay. The A-CAP can identify and request the DWCF that manages QoS monitoring for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications in the network (e.g., manages the (e.g., XR) application) to stop monitoring the QoS parameters, for example by transmitting a QoS monitoring management discontinuation request to the identified DWCF.
[0313] A QoS monitoring discontinuation request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications. Such information may be provided as the Input dimensions (parameters) for the Termination or discontinuation of QoS monitoring capability that may include one or more of: Service consumer ID to identify the entity requesting the service (e.g., ID to identify a UE or another service consumer that needs to monitor QoS parameters) ; respective Application IDs to identify each (e.g., XR) application; data session ID (e.g., related to an XR session) to identify a specific (e.g., XR) data session of a UE; List of one or more QoS parameters the monitoring of which is to be discontinued (e.g., motion-to-photon delay) ; one or more QoS monitoring discontinuation periods (the duration to stop monitoring QoS parameters, e.g., specified a start time and an end time) ; one or more QoS monitoring discontinuation Service areas (the area to stop monitoring QoS parameter, e.g., a list of cell IDs, geographic area (s) ) ; and Data Session ID to identify a specific data session of the service consumer.
[0314] The Output dimensions (parameters) for the Termination of QoS monitoring capability may include an Acknowledgement to acknowledge that the QoS monitoring has been terminated, which may be provided to the service consumer in a QoS monitoring discontinuation response.
[0315] FIG. 8 illustrates method steps for AF 820, NF 810, and UE 805 to request QoS monitoring establishment action or QoS monitoring termination action. The A-CAP 813 can identify (e.g., select) a DWCF 816 with the capability to monitor the requested QoS parameters or with the capability to facilitate discontinuation of monitoring of QoS parameters being monitored.
[0316] With reference to FIG. 8, at Step 1a 831, the AF 820 may send an AF QoS monitoring request to the A-CAP 813. The message may be sent via the CPGW 819. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: Action and action parameters described elsewhere herein with reference to Input dimensions (parameters) for the QoS monitoring capability or the Termination or discontinuation of QoS monitoring capability. The Action may be a QoS monitoring establishment or QoS monitoring termination.
[0317] At Step 1b 832, the UE 805 may send a UE QoS monitoring request to the A-CAP 813. The message may be sent via at least one of the AN and CMF, not shown in FIG. 8. The message may include the same parameters of the message in Step 1a 831, except that the Service consumer ID is a UE ID.
[0318] With reference to FIG. 8, at Step 1c 833, the NF 810 may send a NF QoS monitoring request to the A-CAP 813. The message may include the same parameters of the message in Step 1a 831, except that the Service consumer ID is an NF ID.
[0319] At Step 2 834, the A-CAP 813 receives QoS monitoring request messages from at least one of the AF 820, UE 805, and NF 810. The A-CAP 813 may identify (e.g., select) a DWCF which has the capability to fulfill the request, e.g., based on one or more capabilities of the DWCF in relation to the one or more applications managed by the DWCF. If the Action is QoS monitoring establishment, the A-CAP 813 may discover and select a DWCF, for example, by requesting the NER to provide NF profiles of the DWCF that can manage the QoS monitoring according to the Action parameters. The A-CAP 813 stores the selected DWCF ID.If the Action is QoS monitoring termination, the A-CAP 813 may select the same DWCF that currently handles the previous action call for QoS monitoring establishment.
[0320] With reference to FIG. 8, at Step 3a 835, the A-CAP 813 may send a QoS monitoring management request message to the selected DWCF 816. If the requested action is to discontinue QoS monitoring, then the A-CAP 813 may send a QoS monitoring management discontinuation request message to the selected DWCF 816. The message may include the Action and Action parameters received from the service consumer in Steps 1a 831, 1b 832, and 1c 833.
[0321] At Step 3b 836, the DWCF 816 may store the parameters received in Step 3a 835. The DWCF 816 may perform some necessary measures to fulfill the requested Action. The DWCF 816 may send a QoS monitoring management response to the A-CAP 813, for example to confirm the receipt of the message in Step 3a 835. If the requested action is to discontinue QoS monitoring, then DWCF 816 may send a QoS monitoring management discontinuation response to the A-CAP 813, for example to confirm the receipt of the message in Step 3a 835.
[0322] At Step 4a 837, the A-CAP 813 may send an AF QoS monitoring response message to the AF 820, that may be sent via the CPGW 819. If the requested action is to discontinue QoS monitoring, then the A-CAP 813 may send an AF QoS monitoring discontinuation response message to the AF 820, that may be sent via the CPGW 819. The message is to acknowledge the receipt of the message in Step 1a 831. The message may include Action output parameters, as described elsewhere herein with reference to the Output dimensions (parameters) for the Termination of QoS monitoring capability.
[0323] At Step 4b 838, the A-CAP 813 may send a UE QoS monitoring response message to the UE 805, that may be sent via at least one of the CMF and AN (not shown) . If the requested action is to discontinue QoS monitoring, then the A-CAP 813 may send a UE QoS monitoring discontinuation response message to the UE 805, that may be sent via at least one of the CMF and AN (not shown) . The message is to acknowledge the receipt of the message in Step 1b 832. The message may include Action output parameters, as described elsewhere herein with reference to the Output dimensions (parameters) for the Termination of QoS monitoring capability.
[0324] At Step 4c 839, the A-CAP 813 may send a NF QoS monitoring response message to the NF 810. If the requested action is to discontinue QoS monitoring, then the A-CAP 813 may send a NF QoS monitoring discontinuation response message to the NF 810. The message is to acknowledge the receipt of the message in Step 1c 833. The message may include Action output parameters, as described elsewhere herein with reference to the Output dimensions (parameters) for the Termination of QoS monitoring capability.
[0325] At Step 5 840, if the action call is a QoS monitoring establishment, then the DWCF 816 may configure network entities or reporting entities such as the UE 805, AN, DWDPF, or DPGW to monitor the QoS parameters or support monitoring thereof. These network entities or reporting entities may send QoS reports to the DWCF 816. The DWCF 816 may collect one or more QoS reports from the network entities or reporting entities to create a complete QoS report.
[0326] With reference to Step 5 840, if the action call is a QoS monitoring termination, then the DWCF 816 may configure network entities or reporting entities such as the UE 805, AN, DWDPF, DPGW to stop monitoring the QoS parameters. These network entities or reporting entities may send the latest QoS reports to the DWCF 816. The DWCF 816 may collect one or more QoS reports from the network entities or reporting entities to create a complete QoS report.
[0327] Further with reference to FIG. 8, for the QoS monitoring execution phase, the following steps are performed.
[0328] At Step 6a 841, the DWCF 816 may send a (e.g., complete) QoS monitoring report to the AF 820, that may be sent via the CPGW 819 or the DPGW (not shown) , according to the QoS reporting method. The message may include parameters of the QoS report according to the QoS monitoring information requested at Step 1a 831.
[0329] At Step 6b 842, the DWCF 816 may send a (e.g., complete) QoS monitoring report to the UE 805, via at least one of the AN and the CMF (not shown) , over the control plane or data / user plane according to the selected or indicated QoS reporting method. The message may include parameters of the QoS report according to the QoS monitoring information requested at Step 1b 832.
[0330] At Step 6c 843, the DWCF 816 may send a (e.g., complete) QoS monitoring report to the NF 810, over the control plane or the data / user plane according to the selected or indicated QoS reporting method. The message may include parameters of the QoS report according to the QoS monitoring information requested at Step 1c 833.
[0331] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to computation offloading (CO) capabilities for DW applications.
[0332] In an example implementation, a terminal device or a UE may request the network to provide resources for computation offloading while the terminal device or the UE is using one or more (e.g., XR) applications. For example, with reference to FIG. 9, the network may provide, e.g., 3D video rendering services for the UE 905. The UE 905 may send the video data captured by its video cameras to the DWDPF 921 via the AN 910. The AS 935 may also send XR data. For example, the XR data may include real-time video from a soccer match. The network provides an immersive XR service, hosted in the DWDPF 921, that renders the real-time video of the user in a virtual environment such as in a soccer stadium, facilitating the user to feel as if they are actually sitting in the stadium, watching the soccer match in real time.
[0333] An associated Action name may be “Computation offloading establishment” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The Purpose of the action may be that the UE may request the network to provide resources for computation offloading while using an application, e.g., an XR application. The pre-condition includes the computation offloading service being provided in the network. The post-condition includes that the data plane is configured to transfer data packets between the terminal device such as a UE and a computation offloading function.
[0334] The action includes the following example steps. The terminal device such as a UE can send a computation offloading establishment action call, for example as a CO establishment request, to a suitable NF, such as the A-CAP, to provide computation offloading for an application, e.g., an XR application. The A-CAP can identify and request a node or a NF, e.g., a DWCF that manages the application, to provide or manage computing resources for the terminal device such as the UE. The DWCF may select an NF, e.g., the DWDPF, to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device, for example to perform computation tasks for the terminal device such as the UE.
[0335] Input dimensions (parameters) for the CO establishment action include information related to one or more applications, for which CO is being requested, and requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device. Input dimensions (parameters) may include one or more of the following parameters: CO request indication to indicate that the terminal device such as the UE needs CO resources for the CO in the network for the one or more applications; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE; Application information to indicate what type of application needs CO (the network may use this information to identify necessary hardware and software to support CO, and QoS parameters of data connections to carry data traffic in the UL and DL; the application information may include one or more of following parameters: Application IDs for each applications for which CO is being requested, AS address (e.g., IP address and port number) for each applications for which CO is being requested, and Application Session ID, for each applications for which CO is being requested, indicating the session of the UE with the AS) ; one or more QoS requirements (the UE may provide QoS parameters required to support CO) ; one or more Hardware requirements (the UE may provide hardware requirements, e.g., one or more of following parameters: CPU requirements, GPU requirements, storage requirements, and memory requirements) ; one or more Software requirements (the UE may provide software requirements, e.g., name of 3D video rendering software) ; and CO time information to indicate the time at which the CO service is required, e.g., the time information may be one or more periods, or a start time with no end time (if no end time is provided, the UE may want to use the CO service until the UE sends a CO release action call to release CO resources) .
[0336] Output dimensions (parameters) for the CO establishment action include one or more of the following parameters: a result of establishment of the CO in the network for the terminal device, such as an Acknowledgement whether or not to provide a requested CO service; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE; Computation offloading function information (information of the NF that provides computation offloading service, e.g., DWDPF ID, DWDPF IP address, DWDPF prefix, port number) ; CO Time information (one or more periods, each period is specified by one or more of start time and end time, at which the computing resources are assigned) ; and CO payment information or CO Charging information (for example, the charging information includes time-based (e.g., cost per time unit, e.g., $1 CAD per 10 minutes) , or subscription-based (e.g., monthly service) information) . Such parameters may be provided to the terminal device via a Co establishment response, for example.
[0337] The output dimensions of the CO establishment action may be determined based on the input parameters and the network operations as follows.
[0338] In one example implementation, a Result may be Reject if one or more of the following input parameters are not supported: the CO service is not provided or unavailable in the network (pre-condition is not met) ; the application is not supported; the one or more of QoS parameters in the QoS requirements are not supported; one or more of hardware requirements are not supported; one or more of software requirements are not supported; and the CO time is not supported.
[0339] In another example implementation, the network function, such as DWDPF, to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device may be identified (e.g., selected) based on the availability of computing resources that may provide the CO service with minimum data transfer delay, or guaranteed bandwidth.
[0340] In another example implementation, the output parameter (s) may be based on the Time information indicating time periods during which the CO resources are available within the input CO time information.
[0341] In another example implementation, the output parameter (s) may be based on the payment or charging information that may be determined based on the hardware requirements, software requirements and CO time information.
[0342] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the network (e.g., an NF such as a DWDPF, or A-CAP) may have a Modification of CO capability. The Action name may be “computation offloading modification” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The Purpose of such action is that the terminal device, such as the UE, may request the network, e.g., via AN and / or CMF, to modify the previously assigned CO resources for computation offloading in the network while the terminal device is using one or more applications, e.g., an XR application. The pre-condition for such action includes that the CO resources are being provided for the CO in the network for the terminal device, i.e., the UE has been or is using computation offloading service in the network. The post-condition of such action includes that the modified CO resources are provided for CO in the network for the terminal device, i.e., the UE can use modified computing resources as requested.
[0343] Such CO modification action includes the following example steps. The UE can send a computation offloading modification action call to the NF, e.g. A-CAP, for example via AN and / or CMF, to request modifying an existing computation offloading for an application, e.g., an XR application. The UE may send a CO modification request to the network, for example to the A-CAP, to modify CO resources for CO in the network for the UE while using one or more applications. The CO modification request includes information related to one or more applications and requirements for modifying the CO in the network for the UE. The A-CAP can request the previously selected NF, e.g., DWCF, that manages the CO in the network in relation to the one or more applications that are also managed by the DWCF, to modify the CO resources in the network for the CO for the UE. The DWCF may modify the resources, e.g., in a DWDPF, to perform computation offloading tasks for the UE.
[0344] Input dimensions (parameters) of the CO modification action, that may be included in the CO modification request, include one or more of the following parameters: CO request indication to indicate that the UE needs CO resources for the CO in the network; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE; Application information to indicate what type of application needs CO (The network may use this information to identify necessary hardware and software to support CO, and QoS parameters of data connections to carry data traffic in the UL and DL; the Application information may include one or more of the following parameters: Application IDs for each application for which CO is being requested, AS address (e.g., IP address and port number) for each application for which CO is being requested, and Application Session ID, for each application for which CO is being requested, indicating the session of the UE with the AS) ; one or more QoS requirements (the UE may provide QoS parameters required to support CO) ; one or more Hardware requirements (the UE may provide hardware requirements, e.g., one or more of the following parameters: CPU requirements, GPU requirements, storage requirements, and memory requirements) ; and one or more Software requirements (the UE may provide software requirements, e.g., the name of a 3D video rendering software) . CO modification parameters may include CO time information.
[0345] Output dimensions (parameters) of the CO modification action include one or more of the following parameters: a result of modification of the CO resources for CO in the network for the UE, such as an Acknowledgement whether or not to fulfill a requested CO resource modification; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE; the information of the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the UE, such as Computation offloading function information (information of the NF that provides computation offloading service, e.g., DWDPF ID, DWDPF IP address, DWDPF prefix, and / or port number) ; CO Time information (one or more periods, each period is specified by one or more of start time and end time, during which the computing resources are assigned) ; and CO payment or Charging information (the charging information may include time based (e.g., cost per time unit, e.g., $1 CAD per 10 minutes) , or subscription-based (e.g., monthly service) information) .
[0346] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the network (e.g., a NF such as DWCF, A-CAP) may have a Release of CO capability. The Action name may be “Computation offloading release” , and the Type of action being an in-out action. The Purpose of such action is that the terminal device, such as the UE, may request the network, for example via AN and / or CMF, to release CO resources for computation offloading in the network for the UE while the UE is using while or more applications, when the UE no longer needs the CO resources in the network. The pre-condition for such action includes the computation offloading service has been or is being provided for the UE in the network. The post-condition includes that the CO resources are released, and the data connections between the UE and the computation offloading network function are released.
[0347] Such action includes the following example steps. The UE can send a computation offloading release request, that includes information related to the one or more applications, to the network, e.g., to the A-CAP, to release CO resources for CO in the network for the UE while the UE using while or more applications. The network, e.g., the A-CAP, can identify and request, for example by transmitting a CO resource release request, the DWCF that manages the CO in the network in relation to the one or more applications, such as an XR application, to release computing resources for the UE. The DWCF requests the DWDPF that is providing the CO resources for the UE to release the CO resources.
[0348] Input dimensions (parameters) of the CO release action, that may be included in the CO release request, include one or more of the following parameters: CO release indication to indicate that UE no longer needs CO resources for the CO in the network; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE that has been established; and Application information to indicate what types of application that no longer need CO. The Application information may include one or more of the following parameters: Application IDs for each application on the one or more applications, AS address (e.g. IP address and port number) for each application on the one or more applications, and Application Session IDs, for each application on the one or more applications, indicating the session of the UE with the AS.
[0349] Output dimensions (parameters) of the CO release action, which may be included in the CO release response, include one or more of the following parameters: An Acknowledgement indicating that the CO service is terminated, e.g., that the CO resources have been released; UE CO session ID to identify the CO session of the UE; and Last CO payment or charging information (e.g., the last bill that the user needs to pay for the CO service) .
[0350] An example method implementation to demonstrate the computation offloading capability of DW for XR services is illustrated in FIG. 10. In this method, the UE 1005 sends a request to the network, which is received by the A-CAP 1013. The A-CAP 1013 can then identify a DWCF 1016 that is capable of managing and providing computing resources and software components to process application data of the UE 1005. The A-CAP 1013 can also identify an SMF 1022 to manage data connections between the UE 1005 and the AN 1010, the AN 1010 with a DPF (not shown) and with a DWDPF 1021.
[0351] Referring to FIG. 10, the steps of the procedure are as follows.
[0352] At Step 1 1031, the UE 1005 may send a CO establishment action call message, also referred to herein as a CO release request, to the A-CAP 1013 via the AN 1010. The message may include one or more input parameters as described in the computation offloading establishment action elsewhere herein. The message may include information related to the one or more applications in association with which the CO resources are being requested.
[0353] At Step 2 1032, the A-CAP 1013 may use the received application information to identify and select a DWCF 1016 to manage the CO establishment request in relation to the one or more applications that are managed by the DWCF, in order to provide the CO service for the UE.
[0354] At Step 3 1033, the A-CAP 1013 may send a CO resource request message to the selected DWCF 1016 to establish the CO resources for the CO in the network for the UE. The message may include the CO resource establishment action input parameters received from the UE 1005 in Step 1 1031, an A-CAP CO session ID, and the UE location or an indication thereof. The A-CAP CO session ID is to identify the communications between the A-CAP 1013 and the DWCF 1016 to support the CO session.
[0355] At Step 4 1034, from or based on the information received in Step 3 1033, the DWCF 1016 may select a DWDPF 1021 to provide computation offloading service, e.g., CO resources, for the CO in the network for the UE 1005. The selected DWDPF 1021 may provide CO service with required QoS and computational resources.
[0356] At Step 5a 1035, the DWCF 1016 may send a DWDPF CO configuration request message to the selected DWDPF 1021. The message may include one or more of: a DWCF CO session ID, one or more hardware, one or more software requirements, and one or more QoS requirements for UL and DL connections with the AN 1010 and DPGW 1023. The DWCF CO session ID is to identify communications between the DWCF 1016 and DWDPF 1021 for the CO session.
[0357] At Step 5b 1035, the DWDPF 1021 may send a DWDPF CO configuration response message to the DWCF 1016 to confirm that the computation and communication resources have been established in the DWCF 1016. The DWDPF 1021 may also include one or more of the following: DWCF CO session ID received in Step 5a 1035, the UL connection or tunnel information for the AN to send UL packets to the DWDPF 1021, and DL connection or tunnel information for the DPGW 1023 to send DL packets to the DWDPF 1021.
[0358] In some implementations, the DWCF 1016 and DWDPF 1021 may be part of a DW platform 1017. In such case, Steps 4 1035, 5a 1035 and 5b 1036 are internal operations of the DW platform 1017.
[0359] At Step 6 1037, the DWCF 1016 may send a CO resource response message to the A-CAP 1013 that includes information of the DWDPF. The message may include one or more of the following: A-CAP CO session ID that was received from the A-CAP 1013 in Step 3 1033, and one or more output parameters of the CO establishment action as described elsewhere herein.
[0360] At Step 7 1038, the A-CAP 1013 may select an SMF 1022 that can manage the data plane (DP) connections for computation offloading. The A-CAP 1013 may send a DP establishment request message to the SMF 1022 to establish data plane connections for the CO in the network for the UE. The message may include one or more of the following: UE ID, A-CAP DP session ID (to identify the communications between the A-CAP and SMF to support the CO session of the UE) , UE location or an indication thereof, AN ID, DWDPF information, information related to the one or more applications, and one or more QoS requirements.
[0361] The SMF 1022 may select a DPGW 1023 to connect the DWDPF 1021 and the AS by using or based on the information related to the one or more applications, DWDPF information, and the one or more QoS requirements.
[0362] At Step 8a 1039, the SMF 1022 may send respective DP connection configurations to the UE 1005 and AN 1010, so that the UE 1005 can send data to and receive data from the DWDPF 1021 via the AN 1010, and the DWDPF 1021 can send data to and receive data from the AS via the DPGW 1022.
[0363] At Step 8b 1040, the SMF 1022 may send respective DP connection configuration to the DWDPF 1021 so that the DWDPF 1021 can send data to and receive data from the UE 1005 via the AN 1010, and the DWDPF 1021 can send data to and receive data from AS via DPGW 1023.
[0364] At Step 8c 1041, the SMF 1022 may send respective DP connection configuration to the DPGW 1023 so that the UE 1005 can send data to and receive data from the DWDPF 1021 via the AN 1010, and the DWDPF 1021 can send data to and receive data from the AS via DPGW 1023.
[0365] At Step 9 1042, the SMF 1022 may send a DP establishment response message to the A-CAP 1013 to confirm that the DP has been established between the UE and the DWDPF to support CO in the network for the UE 1005. The message may include the A-CAP DP session ID.
[0366] At Step 10 1043, the A-CAP 1013 may send a CO establishment action call response to the UE 1005 to confirm that the CO service (e.g., CO resource for the CO in the network for the UE according to the CO establishment request) is ready. The message may include one or more output parameters of the CO establishment action described elsewhere herein.
[0367] At Step 11 1044, the XR application in the UE 1005 sends the UL packets to the DWDPF 1021 for processing. The UE 1005 may use the address information in the packet header to map to QoS data flows and send these packets over the assigned radio channels. The DWDPF 1021 may process the UE packets, e.g., render video of a user in a virtual environment. The DWDPF 1021 may send packets of rendered video to the UE 1005 in the DL.
[0368] The procedure described herein with reference to FIG. 10 may be also used for the UE to call or request the CO modification action. For example, in Step 1 1031, the UE 1005 may send input dimensions of the CO modification action call to the A-CAP 1013 via the AN 1010 in a CO modification request that includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for modifying the CO in the network for the UE. In Step 2 1032, the A-CAP 1013 identifies (e.g., selects) the DWCF 1016 that has been previously selected to provide the CO service to the UE 1005. Such DWCF manages the CO in the network for the UE in relation to the one or more applications that are managed by the DWCF. In Step 3 1033, the A-CAP 1013 may send new CO parameters of the CO modification action call received from the UE 1005 in Step 1 1031 to the DWCF 1016 in a CO resource request. In Step 4 1034, the DWCF 1016 may identify (e.g., select) the same DWDPF that has been providing CO resources for the UE 1005, or another DWDPF. In Step 5a 1035, the new CO parameters are transmitted or sent to the selected DWDPF 1021 in a CO configuration request. In Step 5b 1036, the DWDPF 1021 configures computation resources for the UE 1005 and sends or transmits a DWDPF CO configuration response to the DWCF 1016. In Step 6 1037, the DWCF 1016 sends the CO resource response to the A-CAP 1013. If the data plane needs to be reconfigured, one or more of the Steps 7 1038, 8a 1039, 8b 1040, 8c 1041, and 9 1042 may be performed. In Step 10 1043, the A-CAP 1013 may send a CO modification action call response or a CO modification response to the UE 1005, which may be via the AN 1010. In Step 11 1044, the UE 1005 can exchange data with the DWDPF 1021 for CO.
[0369] When the UE no longer needs the CO resources for the CO in the network, the UE may request the network to release the CO resources. An example method to support the release of the CO resources is described below with reference to FIG. 11.
[0370] As shown in FIG 11, at Step 1 1051, the UE 1005 may send a CO release action call request message to the network via the AN 1010, and the A-CAP 1013 may receive this message. The message may include one or more parameters as described in the input parameters of the computation offloading release action described elsewhere herein.
[0371] At Step 2 1052, the A-CAP 1013 may identify the DWCF 1016 that was selected to manage the CO resources in relation to the one or more applications. The A-CAP 1013 may send a CO resource release request message to the DWDPF 1021. The message may include input parameters of the CO release action received from the UE 1005 in Step 1 1051.
[0372] At Step 3a 1053, the DWCF 1016 may use the information received from the A-CAP 1013 to identify which DWDPF 1021 is providing the CO resources, i.e., which provides the CO resources for the CO in the network for the UE. The DWCF 1016 may send a DWDPF release request message to the DWDPF 1021 to request the CO resource release. The message may include the UE ID, DWCF CO session ID, respective application IDs for each application in relation to which CO release is being requested, AS address for each application in relation to which CO release is being requested, and application session IDs for each application in relation to which CO release is being requested.
[0373] At Step 3b 1054, the DWDPF 1021 releases the CO resources assigned for the UE 1005 and each application. The DWDPF 1021 releases communication resources that have been established to connect with the AN 1010 and DPGW 1023. The DWDPF 1021 may send a DWDPF release response message to the DWCF 1016 to confirm the release of CO resources. The message may include the DWCF CO session ID.
[0374] At Step 4 1055, the DWCF 1016 may send a CO resource release response message to the A-CAP 1013 to confirm that the CO resources have been released. The message may include output parameters of the CO release action described elsewhere herein.
[0375] At Step 5 1056, the A-CAP 1013 may send a DP release request to the SMF 1022 that has been selected to manage the DP connections for the CO service. The message may include the UE ID, and A-CAP DP session ID.
[0376] At Step 6a 1057, the SMF 1022 may send respective requests to the UE 1005 and the AN 1010 to release the data connections between the UE 1005 and the AN 1010, and between the AN 1010 and the DWDPF 1021.
[0377] At Step 6b 1058, the SMF 1022 may send respective requests, or a joint request, to the DWDPF 1021 to release the data connections with the UE 1005 and AN 1010, and the DPGW 1016.
[0378] At Step 6c 1059, the SMF 1022 may send respective requests, or a joint request, to the DPGW 1023 to release the data connections between the DWDPF 1021 and the DPGW 1023.
[0379] At Step 7 1060, the SMF 1022 may send a DP release response message to the A-CAP 1013 to confirm that the DP connections in the network for the UE have been released. The message may include the A-CAP DP session ID.
[0380] At Step 8 1061, the A-CAP 1013 may send a CO release action call response message to the UE 1005 to confirm if or that the CO resources have been released. The message may include the UE CO session ID.
[0381] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0382] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of the various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0383] It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the technology. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention. In particular, it is within the scope of the technology to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the technology and / or to structure some or all of its components in accordance with the system of the technology.
[0384] Acts associated with the method described herein can be implemented as coded instructions in a computer program product. In other words, the computer program product is a computer-readable medium upon which software code is recorded to execute the method when the computer program product is loaded into memory and executed on the microprocessor of the wireless communication device.
[0385] Further, each operation of the method may be executed on any computing device, such as a personal computer, server, PDA, or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, or the like. In addition, each operation, or a file or object or the like implementing each said operation, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.
[0386] Through the descriptions of the preceding embodiments, the present invention may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product may be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) , USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk. The software product may include a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, such an execution may correspond to a simulation of the logical operations as described herein. The software product may additionally or alternatively include number of instructions that enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
[0387] The word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0388] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via an electronic element depending on the particular context. The term “and / or” herein when used in association with a list of items means any one or more of the items comprising that list.
[0389] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all features shown in any one of the Figures or all portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
Claims
1.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node, a service management request to manage one or more services of the terminal device at the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, wherein the service management request indicates an action and one or more parameters related to the action;identifying a third node to manage the service management request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, wherein the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device; andreceiving from the third node a service management response, wherein the service management response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of managing the one or more services of the terminal device.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the service management request is a service registration request, and the action is to register the one or more services of the terminal device to the network.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the service management request is a service update request, and the action is to update the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to the network.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the service management request is a service deregistration request, and the action is to remove the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered to the network.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more services of the terminal device include sensor services and / or actuator services.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters related to the terminal device include, respectively, one or more:a terminal device identifier (ID) ;an indication of the action;a terminal device service profile; anda terminal device service profile ID.7.The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the service management request comprises receiving a service handling request from the second node, wherein the service handling request includes at least one of : the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device.8.The method of claim 7, wherein identifying the third node comprises transmitting a service handling response to the second node, wherein the service handling response includes at least one of :the one or more parameters related to the terminal device;the location of the terminal device; andinformation of the third node that includes one or more of:a third node identifier (ID) ;a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node;a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the third node; andan address of third node.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the second node sends the service management request to the third node.10.The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the third node to manage the service management request further comprises transmitting the service management request to the third node.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the third node is identified by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with one or more capabilities of the third node.12.The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the service management response received from the third node to the second node.13.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.14.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.15.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12.16.A method for service provisioning in a network, the method performed by a first node of the network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node of the network, a service management request to manage, at the network, one or more services of the terminal device, the one or more services provided by an electronic device coupled to the terminal device, the service management request indicating an action and one or more parameters related to the terminal device, the first node having one or more capabilities associated with one or more applications managed by the first node, the first node configured to enable the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device;transmitting a service management response to a third node, the service management response comprising an identification information of the terminal device and a result of processing the management request.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the service management request is a service registration request, and the action is to register, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.18.The method of claim 16, wherein the service management request is a service update request, and the action is to update, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered in the network.19.The method of claim 16, wherein the service management request is a service deregistration request, and the action is to remove, from the network, the one or more services of the terminal device that are registered in the network.20.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more services of the terminal device include one or more of: sensor services and actuator services.21.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters related to the terminal device include, respectively, one or more:a terminal device identifier (ID) ;an indication of the action;a terminal device service profile; anda terminal device service profile ID.22.The method of claim 16, wherein the service management response comprises one or more of:a terminal device identifier (ID) ;an indication to confirm that the action has been fulfilled; andone or more action parameters associated with the action.23.The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the service management request comprises receiving a service handling request from the third node via the second node, wherein the service handling request includes at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device.24.The method of claim 23, wherein transmitting the service management response comprises transmitting a service handling response to the third node via the second node, the service handling response comprising at least one of:the one or more parameters related to the terminal device;the location of the terminal device; andinformation of the first node that includes one or more of:a first node identifier (ID) ;a uniform resource locator (URL) of the first node;a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the first node; andan address of first node.25.The method of claim 16, wherein the service management request is received further via the third node of the network.26.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters related to the terminal device are matched with the one or more capabilities of the first node.27.The method of claim 16, further comprising:transmitting the service management request to a fourth node of the network, the fourth node configured to store information indicative of:the one or more services of the terminal device; andthe one or more applications.28.The method of claim 27, further comprising receiving, from the fourth node, an acknowledgement of the service management request.29.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 16 to 28.30.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 16 to 28.31.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 16 to 28.32.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service registration request for registering one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, wherein the service registration request includes a service profile of the terminal device;identifying a third node to handle the service registration request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, wherein the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device; andreceiving from the third node a service registration response, wherein the service registration response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device.33.The method of claim 32, further comprising transmitting the service registration response to the second node.34.The method of claim 32, wherein the service profile of the terminal device comprises at least one of :a terminal device identifier (ID) ;an electronic device ID;a service type indication for the one or more services;a type of sensor data for the one of the services;a sensor frequency capability;a data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the type of sensor data;a computing capability of the terminal device;a location of the terminal device;mobility information for the electronic device;a second node ID;an availability information;a service location information;environmental requirements;a data pre-processing capability;an ability to download one or more artificial intelligence (AI) inference models;a data network information; andprivacy requirements.35.The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more services include sensor services and / or actuator services.36.The method of claim 32, wherein for execution of the method, the terminal device has been successfully registered with the network and operates within a service area of the third node.37.The method of claim 32, wherein after execution of the method, one or more network entities utilize the one or more services of the terminal device.38.The method of claim 32, wherein receiving the service registration request comprises receiving a service handling request from the second node, wherein the service handling request includes at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device.39.The method of claim 38, further comprising:transmitting a service handling response to the second node, wherein the service handling response includes at least one of:the one or more parameters related to the terminal device;the location of the terminal device; andinformation of the third node that includes one or more of:a third node identifier (ID) ;a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node;a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; andan address of third node.40.The method of claim 32, further comprising transmitting the service management request to the third node.41.The method of claim 32, wherein the first node is further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.42.The method of claim 32, wherein the service registration response further includes one or more of:identification information of the electronic device;identification information of the third node;a cause for the result of registering the one or more services of the terminal device;a service area indication for the one or more services of the terminal device; anda service time indication for the one or more services of the terminal device.43.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 32 to 42.44.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 32 to 42.45.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 32 to 42.46.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service update request for updating one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, wherein the service update request includes a service profile of the terminal device;identifying a third node to handle the service update request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, wherein the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device; andreceiving from the third node a service update response, wherein the service update response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of updating the one or more services of the terminal device.47.The method of claim 46, wherein third node is further configured to update, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.48.The method of claim 46, further comprising transmitting the service update response to the second node.49.The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device comprise at least one of:terminal device identifier (ID) ;electronic device ID;a service type indication for the one or more services;a type of sensor data for the one of the services;a sensor frequency capability;data transmission Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for the type of sensor data;a computing capability of the terminal device;a location of the terminal device;mobility information for the electronic device;a second node ID;an availability information;a service location information;environmental requirements;data pre-processing capability;an ability to download one or more artificial intelligence (AI) inference models;a data network information; andprivacy requirements.50.The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more services include sensor services and / or actuator services.51.The method of claim 46, wherein for execution of the method, the terminal device has been successfully registered with the network and operates within a service area of the third node.52.The method of claim 46, wherein after execution of the method, one or more network entities utilize the one or more services of the terminal device.53.The method of claim 46, wherein receiving the service update request comprises receiving a service handling request from the second node, wherein the service handling request includes at least one of: the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device.54.The method of claim 53, further comprising:transmitting a service handling response to the second node, wherein the service handling response includes at least one of:the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device;the location of the terminal device; andinformation of the third node that includes one or more of:a third node identifier (ID) ;a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node;a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; andan address of third node.55.The method of claim 46, further comprising transmitting the service update request to the third node.56.The method of claim 46, wherein the first node is further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more updated parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.57.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 46 to 56.58.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 46 to 56.59.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 46 to 56.60.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node in communication with the network, a service deregistration request for deregistering one or more services of the terminal device to the network, the one or more services provided by an electronic device within the terminal device, wherein the service deregistration request includes a service profile of the terminal device;identifying a third node to handle the service deregistration request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to one or more applications managed by the third node, wherein the third node enables the one or more applications to utilize the one or more services of the terminal device; andreceiving from the third node a service deregistration response, wherein the service deregistration response includes an identification information of the terminal device and a result of deregistration the one or more services of the terminal device.61.The method of claim 60, wherein third node is further configured to deregister, in the network, the one or more services of the terminal device.62.The method of claim 60, further comprising transmitting the service deregistration response to the second node.63.The method of claim 60, wherein the one or more parameters related to the terminal device comprise at least one of:terminal device identifier (ID) ;electronic device ID;one or more terminal device service profile ID;a service discontinuation time; anda third node ID.64.The method of claim 60, wherein the one or more services include one or more of sensor services and actuator services.65.The method of claim 60, wherein the one or more services of the terminal device are registered in the network.66.The method of claim 60, wherein the service deregistration response is indicative of a successful deregistration of the one or more services in the network for utilization by one or more authorized network entities.67.The method of claim 60, wherein receiving the service deregistration request comprises receiving a service handling request from the second node, wherein the service handling request includes at least one of: the one or more parameters related to the terminal device and a location of the terminal device.68.The method of claim 67, further comprising:transmitting a service handling response to the second node, wherein the service handling response includes at least one of:the one or more parameters related to the terminal device;the location of the terminal device; andinformation of the third node that includes one or more of:a third node identifier (ID) ;a uniform resource locator (URL) of the third node;a fully qualified domain name FQDN of the third node; andan address of third node.69.The method of claim 60, further comprising transmitting the service deregistration request to the third node.70.The method of claim 60, wherein the first node is further configured to select the third node by matching the one or more parameters related to the terminal device with the one or more capabilities of the third node.71.The method of claim 60, wherein the third node is configured to transmit the service deregistration request to a fourth node of the network, the fourth node configured to store information indicative of:the one or more services of the terminal device; andthe one or more applications.72.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 60 to 71.73.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 60 to 71.74.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 60 to 71.75.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a second node, a quality of service (QoS) monitoring request to establish monitoring of QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, wherein the QoS monitoring request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications; andidentifying a third node to manage the QoS monitoring request based on one or more capabilities of the third node in relation to the one or more applications managed by the third node;transmitting a QoS monitoring management request to the third node;receiving a QoS monitoring management response from the third node, wherein the QoS monitoring management response includes a confirmation of the third node having received the QoS monitoring management request;transmitting a QoS monitoring response to the second node, wherein the QoS monitoring response includes information of one or more reporting entities and a result of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information.76.The method of clam 75, wherein the result of establishment of monitoring of the QoS information indicates that establishment of monitoring of the QoS information is successful.77.The method of claim 75, wherein:the information related to the second node includes a second node identifier (ID) ;the information related to the one or more applications includes respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications; andthe QoS monitoring request further includes one or more of:respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions;one or more QoS parameters to be monitored;one or more QoS monitoring periods;one or more QoS monitoring service areas;one or more QoS report frequency indications; andone or more QoS monitoring report thresholds.78.The method of claim 75, wherein the second node is a terminal device registered in the network, the one or more sessions being associated with the one or more services, and wherein receiving the QoS monitoring request from the second node comprises receiving the QoS monitoring request from the second node via a fourth node.79.The method of claim 75, wherein the third node is configured to:identify the one or more reporting entities to monitor the QoS information; andreceive one or more QoS monitoring reports from the one or more reporting entities.80.The method of claim 79, wherein the third node is further configured to:generate a complete QoS report according to the one or more QoS monitoring reports; andtransmit the complete QoS report to the second node.81.The method of claim 75, wherein the QoS monitoring response further includes one or more of:a cause for the result of the establishment of the QoS monitoring;information for the one or more reporting entities; andan indication of a QoS reporting method.82.The method of claim 75, wherein:the first node and the third node are configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; andthe one or more sessions are established between the one or more applications and the second node.83.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 75 to 82.84.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 75 to 82.85.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 75 to 82.86.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a second node, a quality of service (QoS) monitoring management request to manage monitoring, for a third node, of QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, wherein the QoS monitoring management request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications; andidentifying one or more reporting entities to monitor the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications in the network; andtransmitting a QoS monitoring management response to the second node, wherein the QoS monitoring management response includes a confirmation of the first node having received the QoS monitoring management request,wherein the first node is selected by the second node to manage the monitoring of the QoS information based on one or more capabilities of the first node in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the first node.87.The method of claim 86, wherein:the information related to the second node includes a third node identifier (ID) ;the information related to the one or more applications includes respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications; andthe QoS monitoring management request further includes one or more of:respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions;one or more QoS parameters to be monitored;one or more QoS monitoring periods;one or more QoS monitoring service areas;one or more QoS report frequency indications; andone or more QoS monitoring report thresholds.88.The method of claim 86, wherein the QoS monitoring management response comprises one or more of:a result of managing the monitoring of the QoS information;a cause for the result of managing the monitoring of the QoS information;an indication of the one or more reporting entity; andan indication of a QoS reporting method.89.The method of claim 86, further comprising:generating a complete QoS report; andtransmitting the complete QoS report generated according to the one or more QoS monitoring reports to the third node.90.The method of claim 86, wherein:the one or more sessions are associated with one or more services registered in the network;the first node and the second node are configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; andthe one or more sessions are established between the one or more applications and the third node.91.The method of claim 86, wherein identifying the one or more reporting entities comprises requesting the one or more reporting entities to provide one or more QoS monitoring reports indicative of the QoS information for the one or more sessions.92.The method of claim 86, further comprising:receiving, from the second node, a QoS monitoring discontinuation request.93.The method of claim 92, further comprising:transmitting a request to the one or more reporting entities to discontinue monitoring the QoS information for the one or more sessions.94.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 86 to 93.95.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 86 to 93.96.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 86 to 93.97.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a second node , a quality of service (QoS) monitoring discontinuation request for discontinuing providing QoS information for one or more sessions related to one or more applications in the network, wherein the QoS monitoring discontinuation request includes information related to the second node and information related to the one or more applications andidentifying a third node that manages QoS monitoring for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications in the network;transmitting a QoS monitoring management discontinuation request to the third node;receiving a QoS monitoring management discontinuation response from the third node, wherein the QoS monitoring management discontinuation response includes a confirmation of the third node having received the QoS monitoring management discontinuation request;transmitting a QoS monitoring discontinuation response, to the second node, wherein the QoS monitoring discontinuation response a result of discontinuing providing the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications.98.The method of claim 97, wherein the result of discontinuing providing the QoS information indicates that discontinuing providing the QoS information is successful.99.The method of claim 97, wherein:the information related to the second node includes a second node identifier (ID) ;the information related to the one or more applications includes respective application IDs for each application of the one or more applications; andthe QoS monitoring discontinuation request further includes one or more of:respective session IDs for each session of the one or more sessions;one or more QoS parameters the monitoring of which is to be discontinued;one or more QoS monitoring discontinuation periods; andone or more QoS monitoring discontinuation service areas.100.The method of claim 97, wherein the second node is a terminal device registered in the network, the one or more sessions being associated with the one or more services, and wherein receiving the QoS monitoring discontinuation request from the second node comprises receiving the QoS monitoring discontinuation request from the second node via a fourth node.101.The method of claim 97, wherein the third node is configured to:identify the one or more reporting entities that report the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications; andtransmit a request to the one or more reporting entities to stop reporting the QoS information.102.The method of claim 101, wherein the third node is further configured to:receive one or more last QoS reports from the one or more reporting entities;generate a complete QoS report according to the one or more last QoS monitoring reports; andtransmit the complete QoS report to the second node.103.The method of claim 97, wherein the result of discontinuing providing the QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications includes an acknowledgment that discontinuing monitoring of the QoS information is successful.104.The method of claim 97, wherein:the first node and the third node are configured to support QoS monitoring in the network; andthe QoS information for the one or more sessions related to the one or more applications is being monitored in the network.105.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 97 to 104.106.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 97 to 104.107.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 97 to 104.108.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node a computation offloading (CO) establishment request to provide CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications, wherein the CO establishment request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andidentifying a third node to manage the CO establishment request in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the third node;transmitting a CO resource request to the third node to establish the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;receiving a CO resource response from the third node, wherein the CO resource response includes information of a network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andtransmitting a CO establishment response to the terminal device.109.The method of claim 108, further comprising:transmitting a data plane establishment request to a fourth node to establish data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device, the data plane establishment request including one or more of:a terminal device identifier (ID) ,a first node data plane session ID;a second node ID;a location indication for the terminal device;the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;the information related to the one or more applications; andone or more quality of service (QoS) requirements.110.The method of claim 109, further comprising:receiving a data plane establishment response from the fourth node to confirm establishment of the data plane connection between the terminal device and the network function, the data plane establishment response including the first node data plane session ID.111.The method of claim 109, wherein the fourth node is configured to:transmit a first data plane connection configuration to the terminal device via the second node;transmit a second data plane connection configuration to the network function; andtransmit a third data plane connection configuration to a data plane gateway function.112.The method of claim 108, wherein the CO establishment response includes one or more of:a result of establishment of the CO in the network for the terminal device;a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device;the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;a CO time information; anda CO payment information.113.The method of claim 108, wherein:the information related to the one or more applications includes one or more of:a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications;an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; andan application session ID for each application of the one or more applications, andthe requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device include one or more of:one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements;one or more hardware requirements; andone or more software requirements.114.The method of claim 108, wherein the CO establishment request further includes a CO time information.115.The method of claim 108, wherein the third node is configured to:identify the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andtransmit a CO configuration request to the network function, the CO configuration request including one or more of:a third node CO session identifier (ID) ;one or more hardware requirements;one or more software requirements;one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between the second node and a data plane gateway function; andone or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the second node and the data plane gateway function.116.The method of claim 108, wherein a CO service is being provided in the network.117.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 108 to 116.118.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 108 to 116.119.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 108 to 116.120.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a second node, a computation offloading (CO) resource request to manage CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications in the network, wherein the CO resource request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andidentifying a network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;transmitting a CO resource response to the second node, wherein the CO resource response includes information of the network function,wherein the first node is selected by the second node to manage the CO in the network for the terminal device in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the first node.121.The method of claim 120, wherein:the information related to the one or more applications includes one or more of:a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications;an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; andan application session ID for each application of the one or more applications, andthe requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device include one or more of:one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements;one or more hardware requirements; andone or more software requirements.122.The method of claim 120, wherein the CO resource request further includes one or more of:a CO session identifier (ID) for the second node; anda location indication for the terminal device.123.The method of claim 120, wherein the CO resource response further includes a CO session identifier (ID) for the second node and one or more of:a result of establishment of the CO in the network for the terminal device;the information of the network function to provide the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;a CO time information; anda CO payment information.124.The method of claim 120, further comprising:transmitting a CO configuration request to the network function, the CO configuration request including one or more of:a first node CO session identifier (ID) ;one or more hardware requirements;one or more software requirements;one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between a third node, the third node providing network access to the terminal device, and a data plane gateway function; andone or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the third node and the data plane gateway function.125.The method of claim 120, wherein a CO service is being provided in the network.126.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 120 to 125.127.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 120 to 125.128.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 120 to 125.129.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node , a computation offloading (CO) modification request to modify CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using one or more applications, wherein the CO modification request includes information related to the one or more applications and requirements for modifying the CO in the network for the terminal device;identifying a third node that manages the CO in the network for the terminal device in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the third node;transmitting a CO resource request to the third node to modify the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;receiving a CO resource response from the third node, wherein the CO resource response includes information of a network function to provide modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andtransmitting a CO establishment response to the terminal device.130.The method of claim 129, wherein the CO resources and the modified CO resources are provided by the network function.131.The method of claim 129, further comprising:transmitting a data plane modification request to a fourth node to modify data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device, the data plane modification request including one or more of:a terminal device identifier (ID) ,a first node data plane session ID;a second node ID;a location indication for the terminal device;the information of the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;the information related to the one or more applications; andone or more quality of service (QoS) requirements.132.The method of claim 131, further comprising:receiving a data plane modification response from the fourth node to confirm modification of the data plane connection between the terminal device and the network function, the data plane modification response including the first node data plane session ID.133.The method of claim 131, wherein the fourth node is configured to:transmit a first data plane connection configuration to the terminal device via the second node;transmit a second data plane connection configuration to the network function; andtransmit a third data plane connection configuration to a data plane gateway function.134.The method of claim 129, wherein the CO modification response includes one or more of:a result of modification of the CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device;a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device;the information of the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;a CO time information; anda CO payment information.135.The method of claim 129, wherein:the information related to the one or more applications includes one or more of:a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications;an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; andan application session ID for each application of the one or more applications, andthe requirements for the CO in the network for the terminal device include one or more of:one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements;one or more hardware requirements; andone or more software requirements.136.The method of claim 129, wherein the CO modification request further includes a CO time information.137.The method of claim 129, wherein the third node is configured to:identify the network function to provide the modified CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andtransmit a CO configuration request to the network function, the CO configuration request including one or more of:a third node CO session identifier (ID) ;one or more hardware requirements;one or more software requirements;one or more uplink (UL) quality of service (QoS) requirements for UL connection between the second node and a data plane gateway function; andone or more downlink (DL) QoS requirements for DL connection between the second node and the data plane gateway function.138.The method of claim 129, wherein CO resources are being provided for the CO in the network for the terminal device.139.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 129 to 138.140.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 129 to 138.141.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 129 to 138.142.A method performed by a first node for service provisioning in a network, the method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a second node, a computation offloading (CO) release request to release CO resources for CO in the network for the terminal device while using while or more applications, wherein the CO release request includes information related to the one or more applications;identifying a third node that manages the CO in the network in relation to the one or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are managed by the third node;transmitting a CO resource release request to the third node to release the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device;receiving a CO resource release response from the third node, wherein the CO resource release response includes a confirmation that the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device have been released; andtransmitting a CO release response to the terminal device.143.The method of claim 142, further comprising:transmitting a data plane release request to a fourth node to release data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device, the data plane release request including one or more of:a terminal device identifier (ID) , anda first node data plane session ID.144.The method of claim 143, further comprising:receiving a data plane release response from the fourth node to confirm release of the data plane connections for the CO in the network for the terminal device, the data plane release response including the first node data plane session ID.145.The method of claim 143, wherein the fourth node is configured to:transmit a first data plane connection release request to the terminal device via the second node;transmit a second data plane connection release request to the network function; andtransmit a third data plane connection release request to a data plane gateway function.146.The method of claim 142, wherein the CO release response includes one or more of:a CO session identifier (ID) for the terminal device;an acknowledgement indicating that the CO resources have been released; andCO payment information.147.The method of claim 142, wherein:the information related to the one or more applications includes one or more of:a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications;an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; andan application session ID for each application of the one or more applications.148.The method of claim 142, wherein the third node is configured to:identify the network function that provides the CO resources for the CO in the network for the terminal device; andtransmit a network function release request to the network function, the network function release request including one or more of:a terminal device identifier (ID) ;a third node CO session identifier (ID) ;a respective application identifier (ID) for each application of the one or more applications;an application server address for each application of the one or more applications; andan application session ID for each application of the one or more applications.149.The method of claim 142, wherein the CO resources are being provided for the CO in the network for the terminal device.150.A computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to perform a method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 142 to 149.151.A system comprising:a first node;a second node; anda third node,wherein the first node comprises:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the first node to perform the method for service provisioning in a network as defined in any one of claims 142 to 149.152.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 142 to 149.