Getter film having high initial burst rate and long-term moisture absorption rate for perovskite cell, and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a getter film having a high initial burst rate and a long-term moisture absorption rate for a perovskite cell, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. A support skeleton layer is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer; an active layer is a getter active layer formed by means of the infiltration and embedding of a getter into a pore structure of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer; and a composite layer is a getter composite layer formed by a getter on at least one side surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer. By this way, in the present invention, the region around the active material layer in a service environment of a perovskite cell can be kept in a vacuum state for a long time, thereby ensuring that the perovskite cell has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is in a stable state for a long time. The getter film is coated with an adhesive backing layer, which is non-corrosive. In use, after a release film is removed, the getter film can be directly attached to the back of a glass cover plate of a perovskite cell or onto silver, aluminum and copper electrodes for encapsulation. The initial burst rate is high, and moisture and oxygen in an encapsulated cavity are quickly absorbed within two hours, such that a vacuum state is reached.

Description

Getter films with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption for perovskite solar cells, their preparation methods and applications Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite films, and in particular to a getter film for perovskite batteries with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, broadening the light absorption range and effectively improving the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells have become the research focus in this field. When perovskite solar cells are working normally, the instability of the hybrid perovskite material structure and environmental factors such as humidity and oxygen content will accelerate the decomposition of active materials, thereby causing a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency, leading to device performance degradation and affecting the overall lifespan of the perovskite solar cell.

[0003] To address the issue of active layer material decomposition, researchers are employing various hybrid methods to prepare perovskite materials with different structures to increase the stability of photoelectric conversion performance. However, during service, perovskite solar cells experience increased moisture and oxygen content due to residues, seepage, or aging of the edge sealant. This gradually leads to moisture absorption and passivation of the perovskite active material layer, making it difficult to ensure that the perovskite solar cell maintains high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability over the long term. Therefore, controlling the moisture and oxygen content around the active material layer of the perovskite solar cell during service is crucial to effectively prevent material decomposition and other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a getter film with high initial burst rate and long-term moisture absorption rate for perovskite solar cells, as well as its preparation method and application. This overcomes the problem of insufficient vacuum protection in existing technologies, which leads to increased moisture and oxygen content. It can selectively absorb water and oxygen in the service environment of perovskite solar cells, has a large absorption capacity for water and oxygen, and keeps the area around the active material layer of the perovskite solar cell in a vacuum state for a long time in the service environment. This avoids moisture absorption and passivation of the perovskite active material layer, and ensures that the perovskite solar cell is in a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stable state for a long time.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a getter film with high initial burst rate and long-term moisture absorption rate for perovskite batteries, comprising: a support framework layer, an active layer, and a composite layer, wherein the active layer is embedded inside the support framework layer, and the composite layer is connected to at least one side surface of the support framework layer; the support framework layer is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) microporous membrane layer, the active layer is a getter active layer formed by gettingter infiltrating into the pore structure of the ePTFE microporous membrane layer, and the composite layer is a getter composite layer formed by gettingter on at least one side surface of the ePTFE microporous membrane layer; the ePTFE microporous membrane layer, the getter active layer, and the getter composite layer are connected to form an integral getter film structure, wherein the getter slurry is not only coated on the surface of the ePTFE film, but also infiltrates into the pore structure of the microporous membrane to form an integral structure, which can improve the mechanical strength of the film.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer is 5~300μm.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Prepare expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane as a supporting framework layer;

[0009] 2) Mix the adhesive, water absorbent, and oxygen absorbent in a certain proportion to obtain the air absorbent;

[0010] 3) Apply the getter to the surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane and embed it into the pore structure of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane by thermosetting to form an active getter layer; and firmly coat one or both sides of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane to form a getter composite layer.

[0011] 4) As needed, apply an adhesive backing layer to one or both sides of the getter composite layer and attach a protective release film.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane is a single-stretched membrane or a double-stretched membrane with a thickness of 5~300μm.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2), the adhesive is polyurethane, polyacrylate, or silicone resin.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2), the water absorbent is one or more of zeolite, molecular sieve, calcium oxide and calcium chloride, wherein the content of calcium oxide and calcium chloride added is 15wt% to 60wt%.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2), the oxygen absorber is one or more of iron powder, ferrozirconium FeZr60 alloy and cuprous sulfide, wherein the content of iron powder is 0.5wt% to 8wt%.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3), a high-precision surface controllable coating composite technology is used to coat the getter onto the surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer.

[0017] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide an application of a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite batteries, wherein the getter film includes the above-mentioned getter film or the getter film obtained according to the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the release film of the getter film is removed, it is encapsulated with the cover glass, electrode or substrate of the perovskite solar cell.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the getter film of this invention does not require high-temperature activation before use, has excellent weather resistance and temperature resistance, and can be used at temperatures ranging from -60℃ to 120℃; it has excellent flexibility and mechanical properties, with a tensile strength ≥20 MPa and an elongation at break ≥40%; it can maintain the perovskite battery in a long-term vacuum state around the active material layer in the service environment, avoiding moisture absorption and passivation of the perovskite active material layer, and ensuring that the perovskite battery is in a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stable state for a long time; the thickness and size of the getter film are controllable, it is coated with an adhesive layer, is non-corrosive, and can be directly attached to the glass cover of the perovskite battery or the silver, aluminum, or copper electrodes for encapsulation after removing the release film; it has a high initial burst rate, rapidly absorbing moisture and oxygen into the encapsulation cavity within two hours to achieve a vacuum state. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite batteries of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical encapsulation structure of the getter film with high initial burst rate and long-term moisture absorption rate used in perovskite batteries according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above or below" a first feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on" the first feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the first feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1. The embodiments of the present invention include:

[0030] A getter film for perovskite solar cells with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate includes: a support framework layer 1, an active layer 2, and a composite layer 3. The active layer 2 is embedded inside the support framework layer 1, and the composite layer 3 is connected to at least one side surface of the support framework layer 1. The composite layer 3 of this application is composited on both sides of the support framework layer 1.

[0031] Preferably, the supporting skeleton layer 1 is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer 1, which is a single-stretched or double-stretched membrane with a thickness of 5~300μm.

[0032] The active layer 2 is formed by infiltrating the getter into the pore structure of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) microporous membrane layer. The composite layer 3 is formed by the getter on at least one side surface of the ePTFE microporous membrane layer. The ePTFE microporous membrane layer 1, the getter active layer 2, and the getter composite layer 3 are connected to form an integral getter film structure, which overcomes the problem of easy decomposition of the active layer material, improves the mechanical strength of the getter film, and has excellent flexibility and mechanical properties, as well as excellent weather resistance and temperature resistance. The tensile strength is ≥20 MPa, and the elongation at break is ≥40%. The operating temperature is -60℃ to 120℃.

[0033] The getter film 6 of the present invention can selectively absorb water and oxygen in the service environment of perovskite batteries. It has a large absorption capacity for water and oxygen, and keeps the area around the active material layer of the perovskite battery in a vacuum state for a long time in the service environment. This avoids moisture absorption and passivation of the perovskite active material layer, and ensures that the perovskite battery is in a state of high photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability for a long time.

[0034] The method for preparing a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite solar cells of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0035] 1) Prepare expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane as a supporting framework layer;

[0036] 2) A getter is prepared by uniformly mixing a binder, a water absorbent, and an oxygen absorber in a certain proportion; the binder is polyurethane, polyacrylate, or silicone resin; the water absorbent is one or more of zeolite, molecular sieve, calcium oxide, and calcium chloride, preferably calcium oxide and calcium chloride, with an addition content of 15wt% to 60wt%. The oxygen absorber is one or more of iron powder, ferrozirconium FeZr60 alloy, and cuprous sulfide, preferably iron powder with an addition content of 0.5wt% to 8wt%.

[0037] 3) Using high-precision surface controllable coating composite technology, the getter is coated on the surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer, and then embedded into the pore structure of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane by thermosetting to form the getter active layer 2; and firmly coated on one or both sides of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane to form the getter composite layer 3.

[0038] 4) As needed, apply an adhesive backing layer 4 to one or both sides of the getter composite layer 3 and attach a protective release film 5.

[0039] The getter film prepared by the method of the present invention has a water vapor absorption capacity ≥5.5 mg / m² and an oxygen absorption capacity ≥6.5 mg / m² in the first two hours. 2 Furthermore, it can absorb the newly added water vapor and oxygen content in the cavity within 24 hours, maintaining the water vapor and oxygen content in the cavity close to 0; wherein, the test conditions are 25℃ and 60%RH.

[0040] The getter film of this invention has controllable thickness and size, is coated with an adhesive layer 4, is non-corrosive, and does not require high-temperature activation before use. During encapsulation, after removing the release film 5 of the getter film 6, it is encapsulated with the glass cover 7 of the perovskite solar cell, or the silver, aluminum, or copper electrode 8, or the substrate 9, as shown in Figure 2. After encapsulation, the initial burst rate is high, rapidly absorbing moisture and oxygen into the encapsulation cavity within two hours, achieving a vacuum state.

[0041] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent hygroscopic rate for perovskite cells, characterized by, include: The structure comprises a support framework layer, an active layer, and a composite layer. The active layer is embedded within the support framework layer, and the composite layer is connected to at least one surface of the support framework layer. The support framework layer is an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) microporous membrane layer. The active layer is a getter active layer formed by embedding a getter into the pore structure of the ePTFE microporous membrane layer. The composite layer is a getter composite layer formed by applying a getter to at least one surface of the ePTFE microporous membrane layer. The ePTFE microporous membrane layer, the getter active layer, and the getter composite layer are connected to form an integral getter film structure.

2. The getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent hygroscopic rate for perovskite cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer is 5~300μm.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is characterized by: Includes the following steps: 1) Prepare expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane as a supporting framework layer; 2) Mix the adhesive, water absorbent, and oxygen absorbent in a certain proportion to obtain the air absorbent; 3) Apply the getter to the surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane and embed it into the pore structure of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane by thermosetting to form an active getter layer; and firmly coat one or both sides of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane to form a getter composite layer. 4) As needed, apply an adhesive backing layer to one or both sides of the getter composite layer and attach a protective release film.

4. The method for preparing a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite solar cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1), the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane is a single-stretched membrane or a double-stretched membrane with a thickness of 5~300μm.

5. The method for preparing a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent moisture absorption rate for perovskite solar cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 2), the adhesive is polyurethane, polyacrylate, or silicone resin.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by a high initial burst rate and a long-lasting moisture absorption rate. In step 2), the water absorbent is one or more of zeolite, molecular sieve, calcium oxide and calcium chloride, wherein the content of calcium oxide and calcium chloride is 15wt% to 60wt%.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by a high initial burst rate and a long-lasting moisture absorption rate. In step 2), the oxygen absorber is one or more of iron powder, ferrozirconium FeZr60 alloy and cuprous sulfide, wherein the content of iron powder is 0.5wt% to 8wt%.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by a high initial burst rate and a long-lasting moisture absorption rate. In step 3), a high-precision surface controllable coating composite technology is used to coat the getter onto the surface of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane layer.

9. Use of a getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent hygroscopic rate for a perovskite cell, characterized by the fact that, The getter film is the getter film as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 or the getter film obtained according to the preparation method described in any one of claims 3 to 8.

10. Use of the getter film with high initial burst rate and persistent hygroscopic rate for perovskite cells according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that, After the release film of the getter film is removed, it is encapsulated with the cover glass, electrodes, or substrate of the perovskite solar cell.

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