Water pollutant degradation promotion device based on contact-electro-catalysis and water pollution treatment method
By combining a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator, a contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device is constructed. This device utilizes the potential energy of the water body to generate electricity and produce active oxygen to degrade pollutants, thus solving the problem of high cost in electrocatalytic water pollution treatment and achieving efficient and low-energy water purification.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING INST OF NANOENERGY & NANOSYST
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing electrocatalytic water pollution treatment methods require the construction of large-scale facilities and consume a lot of energy. They are also difficult to remove algae and chemical pollutants efficiently and are too costly.
Design a contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device that combines a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator. It utilizes the potential energy of water to generate electricity and degrades pollutants through contact electrocatalytic technology. The device includes a carrier, a self-generating degradation component, and an electromagnetic power generation component to generate active oxygen for pollutant degradation.
It achieves low-cost and high-efficiency degradation of water pollutants, has a simple structure, is easy to operate, is eco-friendly, has high degradation efficiency, and reduces energy consumption and costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN2025094368_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device and water pollution treatment method Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and in particular to a contact electrocatalytic device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants, and a corresponding method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies. Background Technology
[0002] Untreated pollutants discharged from human production and daily life cause water pollution. Current solutions for water pollution control in natural water bodies include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods involve enriching and removing pollutants from water through filtration, adsorption, and sedimentation. Chemical methods use chemical agents and active enzymes to react with harmful substances in the water, converting them into harmless or biodegradable substances. Biological methods involve creating small ecosystems composed of specific animals, plants, or microorganisms in the water to absorb or degrade pollutants, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the water.
[0003] Pollutants in water bodies include not only various chemical substances, but also eutrophication, caused by excessively high concentrations of nutrients. This leads to the proliferation of algae and microorganisms, which also contribute to water pollution. Unlike the treatment of chemical pollutants, removing most algae from water bodies requires significant human and financial resources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the same pollution control methods varies depending on the type of algae; therefore, using specific methods to remove certain algae can be challenging. In addition, even if algae are successfully removed from the water, seeds or spores may remain, easily allowing them to reproduce again under suitable conditions.
[0004] To address the challenges of controlling algae and some chemical pollutants, scientists have proposed an electrocatalytic degradation method. This method involves introducing a microcurrent into the water, which inactivates microorganisms and spores, promoting their natural degradation. It also activates the molecules of pollutants, lowers the energy barrier of chemical reactions, and increases the rate of chemical degradation. However, this electrocatalytic degradation method requires the construction of large-scale water treatment facilities including electrolysis cells, and consumes a large amount of electricity during the process; therefore, the cost of pollution control is too high. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the challenges of controlling algal water pollution and the high costs associated with electrocatalytic degradation of water pollution, this invention provides a contact electrocatalytic device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants, and a corresponding method for controlling water pollution in natural water bodies.
[0006] The technical solution provided by this invention includes the following:
[0007] A contact electrocatalytic device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants includes a carrier and at least one self-generating degradation component. The self-generating degradation component includes a first electrode and a second electrode mounted on the upper surface of the carrier, and a friction layer covering the surfaces of the first and second electrodes. The first and second electrodes are strip-shaped with a thickness of not less than 0.5 mm, and are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier, with a spacing of 2-5 mm between adjacent electrodes; the friction layer is made of a negatively charged material.
[0008] The water flowing over the surface of the carrier forms a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the friction layer. The gap between adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier constitutes a micro-electrolysis cell. The electrical energy output by the triboelectric nanogenerator through the first and second electrodes is used to electrocatalytically degrade water pollutants flowing through any one of the micro-electrolysis cells.
[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device also includes an electromagnetic power generation component. The electromagnetic power generation component includes a sleeve, a permanent magnet, an annular float, and a coil. The sleeve is vertically mounted on the top of the carrier; both ends of the sleeve are sealed, and the permanent magnet is fixedly mounted inside the sleeve. The coil is located inside the annular float; the annular float is sleeved on the sleeve and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve with the waves. The two ends of the coil serve as the power output ports of the electromagnetic power generation component and are electrically connected to the first and second electrodes in the self-generated degradation component.
[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the carrier is a submerged base fixed on the embankment or a floating body floating on the water surface.
[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the base is in the shape of a frustum or a pyramid; the self-generating degradation component is installed on the sloping side of the base.
[0012] As a further improvement of the invention, the top of the float has a horizontal platform; a self-generating degradation component is mounted on the surface of the platform.
[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a set of self-generating degradation components is installed on the side of the frustum-shaped base or the upper surface of the float; the first electrode and the second electrode in the self-generating degradation components are distributed in two parallel spiral lines.
[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, a set of self-generating degradation components is provided on each sloping side of the frustum-shaped base. The first and second electrodes in the self-generating degradation components are interdigitated electrodes, and each electrode finger of the interdigitated electrode is perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope.
[0015] Furthermore, the electrode spacing of the interdigital electrodes is 2-5 mm.
[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the carrier is made of an insulating and corrosion-resistant material.
[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode are made of copper, ruthenium-iridium-titanium or iridium-tantalum-titanium.
[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the friction layer is made of FEP, polytetrafluoroethylene or other fluoropolymers.
[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electromagnetic power generation assembly also includes a limiting device for preventing the annular float from detaching from the top of the sleeve. The limiting device is a limiting component installed on the top of the sleeve and having a size larger than the inner diameter of the annular float, or a cable with its two ends connected to the carrier and the float respectively.
[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of permanent magnets are installed inside the sleeve, and the permanent magnets are spaced apart in the extending direction of the sleeve.
[0021] The present invention also includes a method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies, which includes arranging, as described above, a contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device on the embankment or water surface, thereby treating pollutants in the water body through contact electrocatalytic effect.
[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water pollution treatment method also combines the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device with any one or more other biological, chemical and physical pollution treatment methods.
[0023] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0024] This invention combines a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator, and designs a novel water pollutant degradation device based on the principle of contact electrocatalysis. This device uses the potential energy of water to generate electricity, and uses the generated electricity to continuously produce reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals in the water, thereby degrading algae and some chemical pollutants in the water, thus removing algal pollutants at the molecular level and achieving the effect of water purification.
[0025] The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device designed in this invention features a simple structure, outstanding performance, and low cost. It requires no external power supply and is easy to operate. Furthermore, this device is more environmentally friendly during application and exhibits relatively high pollutant degradation efficiency. Therefore, it demonstrates unique technological advantages and broad application prospects in the field of algae pollution control. It can overcome the drawbacks of existing water pollution control methods, such as high energy consumption and high costs. This new product, deeply integrating multiple technologies, can play an important role in technological innovation for sustainable development and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device with a frustum-shaped base provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device with a frustum-shaped base provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device using a float as a carrier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the self-generating degradation component installed on the carrier.
[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device including an electromagnetic power generation component provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic power generation component used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0032] The diagram is marked as follows:
[0033] 1. Carrier; 2. Self-generating degradation component; 3. Electromagnetic power generation component; 21. First electrode; 22. Second electrode; 23. Friction layer; 31. Sleeve; 32. Annular float; 33. Permanent magnet; 34. Coil; 35. End cap. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] This embodiment provides a device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants through contact electrocatalysis. This device combines a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with contact electrocatalysis (CEC) technology to obtain a self-driven water purification product capable of degrading algae and other water pollutants. The CEC technology used in this embodiment, as an emerging catalytic technology, is based on the contact electrocatalysis effect and can initiate catalytic reactions through charge transfer generated by physical contact at room temperature and pressure. This technology effectively overcomes the dependence of traditional water pollution catalytic degradation methods on high temperature and high pressure, exhibiting advantages such as low energy consumption, high efficiency, and simple operation, providing an innovative solution for algae control.
[0038] As shown in Figure 1, the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment includes a carrier 1 and at least one self-generating degradation component 2. The self-generating degradation component 2 is a component that utilizes the potential energy of water to generate electricity through triboelectric nano-generation, and uses the generated electricity to catalytically degrade pollutants in the water. The carrier 1 is used to support the self-generating degradation component 2 and effectively utilize the potential energy of the water. For different application scenarios, this embodiment provides two different types of contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation devices: one is fixed to a embankment and utilizes the scouring effect of water on the embankment to achieve its effect; the other floats on the water surface and utilizes a wave-driven device to sway and float, thereby achieving its effect.
[0039] For different application scenarios, the carrier 1 of the water pollutant degradation device in this embodiment is also divided into two types: one is a submerged base fixed on the embankment, and the other is a floating body on the water surface. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the submerged base preferably adopts a frustum-shaped or truncated pyramidal structure. For example, Figure 1 uses the most typical quadrangular truncated pyramidal base. This type of frustum-shaped or truncated pyramidal base includes at least one sloping side, and the self-generating degradation component 2 is installed on the sloping side of the base. After the entire device is fixedly installed on the embankment, the water flowing to the bank will slide down the slopes of each side after submerging the base, thus achieving better power generation and catalytic degradation effects. In practical applications, to achieve higher water energy utilization, the slope angle of this type of sloping base is usually between 30° and 80°. Correspondingly, when the carrier 1 uses a floating body, the top of the floating body should have a horizontal platform; the self-generating degradation component 2 is installed on the surface of the platform. This embodiment does not limit the shape of the floating body, as long as it can stably support the self-generating degradation component 2. For example, Figure 3 shows a water pollutant degradation device using an inverted conical float. To improve the product's lifespan in water, the carrier 1 should be made of insulating, corrosion-resistant materials, such as various anti-aging resins. During deployment, the submersible carrier 1 can be horizontally fixed to the rock face of a embankment using anchor bolts or stakes. The floating carrier 1 is directly placed into the water. Furthermore, to prevent the water pollutant degradation device from moving with the water flow, it can also be suspended underwater from a base via cables.
[0040] As shown in Figure 4, the self-generating degradation component 2 in the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment includes a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 mounted on the upper surface of the carrier 1, and a friction layer 23 covering the surfaces of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. The first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are strip-shaped and are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier 1, with an electrode spacing of 2-5 mm between adjacent electrodes; the friction layer 23 is made of a negatively charged resin material. Preferably, the thickness of the first electrode and the second electrode is not less than 0.5 mm.
[0041] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, when the carrier 1 adopts a frustum-shaped base, a set of self-generating degradation components 2 is provided on each sloping side of the base. For example, a quadrangular frustum has four sides, so four sets of self-generating degradation components 2 can be installed; a hexagonal frustum has six sides, so six sets of self-generating degradation components 2 can be installed. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in the self-generating degradation components 2 installed on the frustum-shaped base are interdigitated electrodes; and each electrode in the interdigitated electrode points perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope.
[0042] Accordingly, when the carrier 1 adopts a frustum-shaped base or a floating body with a platform on top, a self-generating degradation component 2 can be installed on the side of the frustum or on the top platform of the floating body. Unlike the frustum-shaped carrier 1, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in the self-generating degradation component 2 of the above two types of carrier 1 are distributed in two parallel spiral lines. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the spiral-shaped first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 on the top of the floating body are horizontally distributed, while the spiral-shaped first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 on the side of the frustum-shaped carrier 1 are distributed in a three-dimensional manner that matches the slope side. In the interdigitated electrodes and spiral electrodes provided in this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent electrodes can be 2-5 mm. For different product structures and sizes, the electrode spacing can be optimized and adjusted according to the performance test results.
[0043] In practical applications, when water flows over the surface of the carrier 1 in the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants of this embodiment, the water forms a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the friction layer 23 in the self-generating degradation component 2. This generator utilizes the movement of ions in river, lake, and sea water and the mutual friction of the thin film to generate charge, thereby achieving electrification. Simultaneously, the gaps between adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier 1 constitute a micro-electrolysis cell. At this time, the water flow drives the triboelectric nanogenerator to generate electricity, which is output through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. The electrical energy output through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 is then used for the electrocatalytic degradation of water pollutants flowing through any one of the micro-electrolysis cells.
[0044] In this embodiment, the microelectrolysis cell has a trough-like structure, and the width of the microelectrolysis cell is the electrode spacing between adjacent electrodes; while the depth of the microelectrolysis cell is the electrode thickness. During the sliding process, water will react with the FEP material attached to the copper electrode surface, and the distance between the electrodes is the key factor determining the water sliding frequency, which is directly related to the degradation efficiency. Therefore, the electrode spacing should not be too large or too small. If the spacing is too small, the reaction will not be able to proceed fully and completely; if the spacing is too large, it will affect the reaction effect of the reactants in the microelectrolysis cell. Taking all factors into consideration, an electrode spacing of 2 mm to 5 mm is more suitable. For the same reason, the electrode thickness should not be less than 0.5 mm, and is usually set to 0.5-2 mm.
[0045] In the self-generating degradation component 2 provided in this embodiment, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 can be various metal electrodes, such as copper electrodes. Furthermore, considering that the device is mainly used in water and requires the electrochemical reaction of catalytic degradation, in actual products, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 can also be ruthenium-iridium-titanium electrodes, iridium-tantalum-titanium electrodes, etc., specifically designed for electrolytic reactions. To form a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the water, the triboelectric layer 23 in this embodiment uses a negatively charged material, including various fluoropolymer materials and PDMS, etc. Among them, fluoropolymer materials include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP).
[0046] In order to further highlight the performance and advantages of the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment, the principle of how this product can produce the catalytic degradation effect of water pollutants will be described in detail below.
[0047] The product provided in this embodiment is primarily designed based on contact electrocatalysis (CEC) technology. Contact electrocatalysis refers to the charge transfer that occurs when different materials come into contact. The technicians applied this charge transfer to the field of chemical reaction catalysis, thus giving rise to CEC technology. The core of CEC technology lies in driving chemical reactions through charge transfer between materials. During contact electrocatalysis, the contact between materials causes a redistribution of electrons, resulting in a potential difference. This potential difference can effectively activate reactant molecules, thereby lowering the energy barrier of the chemical reaction and promoting its occurrence. CEC technology can achieve highly efficient catalysis under various environmental conditions, demonstrating enormous application potential.
[0048] In the application of catalytic degradation of water pollutants, the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment can convert the potential energy widely contained in water into electrical energy, and then use the electrical energy to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the water to promote the catalytic degradation of pollutants. Specifically, the process of generating ROS in this device can be represented by a two-step model. Specifically, the oxidation process of water and the reduction reaction of oxygen molecules involved in the two-step model are as follows:
[0049]
[0050] In the above reaction process, in the first step, electrons are transferred from water molecules to the surface of the fluoropolymer (FEP), forming water radical cations. Subsequently, these cations rapidly undergo proton transfer with another water molecule, generating hydrated hydrogen ion cations (H3O⁺) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). In the second step, when dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution comes into contact with the FEP, electrons on the FEP exchange with oxygen molecules, forming superoxide radicals (O2-). At this point, the FEP returns to its initial uncharged state, completing the entire cycle. In this embodiment, the device continuously generates superoxide radicals in the two-step model, enabling the catalytic degradation of various chemical and algal pollutants in water, achieving the effects of pollution control and water purification.
[0051] In a further optimized embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants further includes an electromagnetic power generation component 3 (EMG). The EMG component 3 includes a sleeve 31, a permanent magnet 33, an annular float, and a coil 34. The sleeve 31 is vertically mounted on the top of the carrier 1; both ends of the sleeve 31 are sealed, and the permanent magnet 33 is fixedly mounted inside the sleeve 31. The coil 34 is located inside the annular float; the annular float is sleeved on the sleeve 31 and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve 31 with the waves.
[0052] In the electromagnetic power generation component 3 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG6, the permanent magnet 33 installed inside the sleeve 31 causes uneven magnetic field strength distribution along the axial direction of the sleeve 31. When the carrier 1 is impacted or swayed by the water, or when the water level rises or falls, the annular float moves up and down along the axial direction of the sleeve 31. At this time, the magnetic flux of the coil 34 inside the annular float 32 changes, thereby causing the coil 34 to cut magnetic field lines and generate electricity. In the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device of this embodiment, the two ends of the coil 34 in the electromagnetic power generation component 3 serve as the power output ports of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 and are electrically connected to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 in the self-generated degradation component 2.
[0053] Specifically, to improve the energy density of the electromagnetic power generation component 3, multiple permanent magnets 33 are installed inside the sleeve 31 of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 in this embodiment, with each permanent magnet 33 spaced apart along the extension direction of the sleeve 31. Furthermore, the electromagnetic power generation component 3 also includes a limiting device to prevent the annular float 32 from detaching from the top of the sleeve 31. The limiting device can be a limiting component, such as an end cap 35, installed on the top of the sleeve 31 and having a size larger than the inner diameter of the annular float 32. Alternatively, a cable can be used as the limiting device, with both ends of the cable connected to the carrier 1 and the float respectively, ensuring that the annular float 32 remains on the sleeve 31 even when the cable is stretched to its maximum length.
[0054] Since TENG and EMG can generate good electrical energy output in high-entropy and low-entropy wave environments, respectively, the optimized scheme in Figure 5, through efficient coupling of TENG and EMG, enables the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device to generate stable electrical energy output around the clock. The synergistic effect of these two components significantly improves the catalytic degradation efficiency of pollutants. The device design combines performance stability and long-term durability in practical applications, thus enabling effective operation in complex environments such as rivers, lakes, and seas.
[0055] It should be noted that the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic power generation component 3 in this embodiment can not only be directly output to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 for catalytic degradation of pollutants, but also a storage battery can be integrated inside the carrier 1 to collect the generated electrical energy. Furthermore, the water pollutant degradation device of this embodiment can also integrate sensors or components with other functions, such as positioning modules and communication modules, with the storage battery powering the relevant modules or components.
[0056] In summary, the contact electrocatalytic degradation device for water pollutants provided in this embodiment combines TENG and CEC, enabling the catalytic degradation of pollutants using wave energy without relying on external energy output. This reduces dependence on fossil fuels or electricity in water pollution treatment. Furthermore, the device provided in this embodiment can achieve CEC-based pollutant treatment, which has a smaller impact on the aquatic environment compared to traditional physical and chemical treatment methods. It does not cause secondary pollution or harm the normal life activities of aquatic organisms, thus generating higher practical value and ecological benefits.
[0057] The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device provided in this embodiment is mainly used for the treatment of water pollution in natural water bodies. In this novel water pollution treatment strategy, only a large number of contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation devices need to be deployed on the banks or water surface of natural water bodies; then, the electrocatalytic effect of these devices treats the pollutants in the water. Furthermore, in addition to using the contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device alone, in practical applications, it can also be used in combination with any one or more other biological, chemical, and physical pollution treatment methods. For example, when combined with the chemical treatment of pollutants, the superoxide radicals generated by the device can increase the reaction rate and efficiency of chemical agents, thereby improving the removal rate of pollutants.
[0058] The above-described embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A device for promoting the degradation of water pollutants through contact electrocatalysis, characterized in that, It includes a carrier and at least one self-generating degradation component; The self-generating degradation component includes a first electrode and a second electrode mounted on the upper surface of the carrier, and a friction layer covering the surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode; the first electrode and the second electrode are strip-shaped and are alternately distributed from the center to the periphery on the upper surface of the carrier; the friction layer is made of a negatively charged material; The thickness of the first and second electrodes is not less than 0.5 mm; the electrode spacing between adjacent electrodes is 2-5 mm; The water flowing over the surface of the carrier forms a solid-liquid interface triboelectric nanogenerator with the friction layer. The gap between adjacent electrodes on the surface of the carrier constitutes a micro-electrolysis cell. The electrical energy output by the triboelectric nanogenerator through the first and second electrodes is used to electrocatalytically degrade water pollutants flowing through any one of the micro-electrolysis cells.
2. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an electromagnetic power generation component; the electromagnetic power generation component includes a sleeve, a permanent magnet, an annular float, and a coil; the sleeve is vertically mounted on the top of the carrier; both ends of the sleeve are sealed, and the permanent magnet is fixedly mounted in the inner cavity of the sleeve; the coil is located inside the annular float; the annular float is sleeved on the sleeve and can reciprocate along the extension direction of the sleeve with the waves; both ends of the coil serve as the power output ports of the electromagnetic power generation component and are electrically connected to the first and second electrodes in the self-generating degradation component.
3. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carrier is either a submerged base fixed to the embankment or a floating body that floats on the water surface.
4. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The base is in the shape of a frustum or a pyramid; the self-generating degradation component is installed on the sloping side of the base.
5. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A self-generating degradation assembly is installed on the side of the frustum-shaped base or on the upper surface of the float; the first electrode and the second electrode in the self-generating degradation assembly are arranged in two parallel spiral lines.
6. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each sloping side of the frustum-shaped base is provided with a set of self-generating degradation components; the first and second electrodes in the self-generating degradation components are interdigitated electrodes; and each electrode in the interdigitated electrodes is perpendicular to the natural sliding direction of the water flow on the slope.
7. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrode spacing of the interdigitated electrodes is 2-5 mm.
8. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the float has a horizontal platform; the self-generating degradation component is mounted on the surface of the platform.
9. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is made of an insulating and corrosion-resistant material.
10. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second electrodes are made of copper, ruthenium-iridium-titanium, or iridium-tantalum-titanium.
11. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction layer is made of FEP, polytetrafluoroethylene or other fluoropolymers.
12. The contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic power generation assembly also includes a limiting device to prevent the annular float from detaching from the top of the sleeve. The limiting device is a limiting component installed on the top of the sleeve and having a size larger than the inner diameter of the annular float, or a cable with its two ends connected to the carrier and the float respectively.
13. The water pollutant degradation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple permanent magnets are installed inside the sleeve, and the permanent magnets are spaced apart in the extending direction of the sleeve.
14. A method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies, characterized in that: A contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device as described in any one of claims 1-13 is arranged on the embankment or water surface to treat pollutants in the water body through the contact electrocatalytic effect.
15. The method for treating water pollution in natural water bodies according to claim 14, characterized in that: Also includes: The aforementioned contact electrocatalytic water pollutant degradation device can be used in conjunction with any one or more other biological, chemical, and physical pollution control methods.