Reflective grid photovoltaic back sheet and photovoltaic module
By designing a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, the problems of cell fragmentation and grid delamination were solved, improving the yield of photovoltaic modules and reducing production costs, while maintaining high light reflection and transmittance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JOLYWOOD SUZHOU SUNWATT
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing high-transmittance solar cell backsheets with high reflectivity gain cause cell fragmentation and mesh delamination issues in photovoltaic modules, affecting yield and production costs.
Design a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, including a transparent substrate layer, a reflective pattern layer and a first transparent functional layer. The reflective pattern layer is disposed on the upper surface and/or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer, and the first transparent functional layer is filled in the mesh of the reflective pattern layer with a thickness greater than or equal to that of the reflective pattern layer to ensure high reflectivity of light between cells and between cell strings.
It improves the yield of photovoltaic modules, reduces production costs, avoids cell fragmentation and grid delamination, while maintaining high light reflection and transmittance.
Smart Images
Figure CN2025108977_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet and photovoltaic module Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic backsheet technology, specifically to a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, with the implementation of national energy conservation and emission reduction policies, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has been increasingly accepted due to its clean, efficient, and zero-carbon emission advantages. As the basic unit of PV power generation, the structure of a PV module, from top to bottom, consists of a front panel, a first encapsulating film, solar cells (including several cells connected in series and / or parallel), a second encapsulating film, and a backsheet. The backsheet primarily protects and supports the PV module, ensuring its normal operation for over 25 years in harsh natural environments. With the development of PV technology, the performance requirements for PV backsheets are becoming increasingly stringent. Currently, in addition to meeting conventional performance requirements during production, processing, and outdoor use (such as tensile strength, elongation at break, peel strength from EVA, UV resistance, and damp heat resistance), PV backsheets also need to consider special functions to enhance the power output of the PV module, thereby contributing to further reductions in the cost per kilowatt-hour.
[0003] With the rapid development of bifacial solar cell technology, photovoltaic backsheets with high visible light transmittance have become one of the main functional photovoltaic backsheets in market demand. For example, CN204441300U discloses a transparent solar cell backsheet and its module. This transparent solar cell backsheet has high transmittance, with an average transmittance of >80% in the visible light region of 380-700nm. However, for bifacial photovoltaic modules, if a transparent photovoltaic backsheet with high visible light transmittance is used, the spaces between the cells and between the cell strings in the photovoltaic module are not covered by the solar cells. Therefore, as sunlight enters the photovoltaic module from the front, some sunlight passes through the uncovered areas of the solar cells and enters the air surface through the transparent photovoltaic backsheet. Consequently, this portion of sunlight cannot be absorbed and utilized by the solar cells, resulting in light loss and thus hindering the power gain of the bifacial photovoltaic module.
[0004] Therefore, to improve the power gain of bifacial photovoltaic modules, CN108767042B discloses a reflection-gain type high-transmittance solar cell backsheet and its preparation method. This reflection-gain type high-transmittance solar cell backsheet combines a transparent thin film layer and a high-reflectivity patterned layer, ensuring that in the solar cell-covered area, the average transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90%; while in the uncovered area, the average reflectance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90%. Therefore, the power gain of the module made using this solar cell backsheet can reach 5-6W. However, existing high-transmittance solar cell backsheets with high reflectivity gain have the following drawbacks: Because the high-reflectivity patterned layer is located on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the transparent film layer, and this high-reflectivity patterned layer is grid-like, the upper and / or lower surfaces of the transparent film layer do not have this high-reflectivity patterned layer in the area covered by the solar cell; while in the area not covered by the solar cell, the upper and / or lower surfaces of the transparent film layer do have this high-reflectivity patterned layer. This results in an uneven surface on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the transparent film layer due to the presence of the grid-like high-reflectivity patterned layer, leading to unevenness on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the solar cell backsheet. Consequently, during the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, when the solar cell is laminated with the uneven solar cell backsheet, it easily leads to cell breakage. Moreover, the more high-reflectivity patterned layers there are, the more severe the cell breakage problem becomes, thus reducing the yield of photovoltaic modules and increasing production costs. Furthermore, because the high-reflectivity patterned layer in the backsheet of this solar cell is protruding, it will come into contact with the second encapsulating film during the photovoltaic module lamination process, which can easily lead to mesh delamination and affect the light reflection effect of the high-reflectivity patterned layer.
[0005] Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet and photovoltaic module.
[0007] Based on this, the present invention discloses a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, comprising a transparent substrate layer, a reflective pattern layer and a first transparent functional layer; the reflective pattern layer is disposed on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer, and the reflective pattern layer is grid-shaped;
[0008] The first transparent functional layer is filled in the mesh of the reflective pattern layer so that the first transparent functional layer can pass through the mesh and be disposed in a local area of the upper and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer; the thickness of the first transparent functional layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the reflective pattern layer so that the outer surface of the first transparent functional layer away from the transparent substrate layer is not lower than the outer surface of the reflective pattern layer away from the transparent substrate layer.
[0009] Preferably, the first transparent functional layer is a weather-resistant coating or a weather-resistant film material bonded by an adhesive, and the thickness of the first transparent functional layer is 1-50 μm.
[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the reflective pattern layer is 1-25 μm; the reflective pattern layer is a plasma-enhanced layered structure.
[0011] More preferably, the reflective pattern layer is a reflective coating; or, the reflective pattern layer is a reflective film material bonded by an adhesive, and the reflective film material is a polymer film and / or a metal film with a reflectivity of 60-99% for light with a wavelength of 300-1250nm.
[0012] Preferably, the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet has one, two, or more reflective pattern layers; the reflective pattern layers are white, black, or other colored reflective layers.
[0013] Preferably, the surface of the reflective pattern layer is further provided with a concave-convex structure for diffuse light reflection; the concave-convex structure is in the form of a microsphere or a cubic microprism.
[0014] Preferably, the mesh openings are located at the same positions as the battery cells, and the area of the mesh openings is smaller than the area of the battery cells.
[0015] The edge of the mesh extends inward along the outer periphery of the battery cell by 1-15mm; the four corners of the mesh are chamfered.
[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the transparent substrate layer is 100-500 μm;
[0017] The transparent substrate layer has a transmittance of 60-99% for light with wavelengths of 300nm-1250nm; the transparent substrate layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polybutylene terephthalate film, a polyethylene naphthalate film, a polyolefin film, a polyamide film, a polyimide film, a polyurea film, a polycarbonate film, a polyacrylate derivative film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a polytrifluoroethylene film, or a polytetrafluoroethylene film.
[0018] Preferably, when the reflective pattern layer and the first transparent functional layer are both disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate layer, the other surface of the transparent substrate layer is further provided with a second transparent functional layer;
[0019] The second transparent functional layer is a weather-resistant coating or a weather-resistant film material bonded by an adhesive, and the thickness of the second transparent functional layer is 5-30μm.
[0020] This utility model also discloses a photovoltaic module, comprising a photovoltaic front panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and a photovoltaic back panel stacked sequentially from top to bottom; the photovoltaic back panel is a reflective grid photovoltaic back panel as described above in this utility model.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0022] The reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet of this invention, through the cooperation of the aforementioned transparent substrate layer, first transparent functional layer, and reflective pattern layer, ensures that when applied to photovoltaic modules, the average transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90% in the area covered by the solar cells, and the average reflectance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90% in the area not covered by the solar cells. It also effectively avoids the cell fragmentation problem caused by the uneven surface of the solar cell backsheet as shown in CN108767042B during the lamination of the solar cells, thus greatly improving the cell fragmentation problem, significantly increasing the yield of photovoltaic modules, and reducing production costs. Furthermore, during the photovoltaic module lamination process, the reflective pattern layer in the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet does not protrude, reducing contact between the reflective pattern layer and the second encapsulating film, preventing grid delamination, and ensuring long-term high light reflection.
[0023] Furthermore, by combining the first transparent functional layer with the reflective pattern layer, the thickness of the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of raw materials used, such as the first transparent functional layer, and further reducing costs. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to this embodiment.
[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial installation structure of the reflective pattern layer and the battery cell.
[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the reflective pattern layer after local magnification.
[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet in this embodiment.
[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet in this embodiment.
[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Transparent substrate layer; 2. Reflective pattern layer; 21. Mesh; 211. Inner extension area; 22. Chamfer; 23. Embossed structure; 3. First transparent functional layer; 4. Adhesive; 5. Second transparent functional layer; 6. Battery cell. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0031] Example
[0032] A photovoltaic module according to this embodiment includes a photovoltaic front panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and a photovoltaic back panel stacked sequentially from top to bottom.
[0033] The solar cell comprises several cells connected in series and / or parallel. In practice, the cells are preferably bifacial, allowing them to fully absorb sunlight from both their front (top) and back (bottom) sides and convert the absorbed sunlight into electrical energy to provide clean power for electrical devices. The photovoltaic front panel, first encapsulating film, solar cells, and second encapsulating film in this embodiment are specifically described in the prior art and will not be elaborated upon here.
[0034] The photovoltaic backsheet is a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet as shown in this embodiment:
[0035] A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet of this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5, includes a transparent substrate layer 1, a reflective pattern layer 2, and a first transparent functional layer 3.
[0036] The transparent substrate layer 1 has a transmittance of 60-99% for light with wavelengths of 300nm-1250nm. In practice, the transparent substrate layer 1 is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PET), polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polyurea, polycarbonate, polyacrylate derivatives, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The transparent substrate layer 1 is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
[0037] Specifically, the thickness of the transparent substrate layer 1 is 100-500 μm, preferably 150-350 μm (e.g., 150 μm, 180 μm, 250 μm, 265 μm, 275 μm, 300 μm, or 350 μm). At this preferred thickness, the transparent substrate layer 1 can maintain good mechanical properties, provide good barrier function, and also have good light transmittance.
[0038] The reflective pattern layer 2 is disposed on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer 1. In this embodiment of a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, one, two, or more layers of the reflective pattern layer 2 can be disposed. Therefore, this embodiment of a reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet has the following three selectable examples:
[0039] Example 1: The reflective pattern layer 2 is disposed on the upper surface of the transparent substrate layer 1 (as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5, the reflective pattern layer 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent substrate layer 1).
[0040] Example 2: The reflective pattern layer 2 is disposed on the lower surface of the transparent substrate layer 1.
[0041] Example 3: The reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet has at least two reflective pattern layers 2, one of which is disposed on the upper surface of the transparent substrate layer 1, and the other is disposed on the lower surface of the transparent substrate layer 1.
[0042] When a total of multiple reflective pattern layers 2 are set in the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet can obtain a higher light reflectivity, so that more sunlight passing through the cells and the cell strings can be reflected back to the cell surface and reabsorbed and utilized by the cells, which helps to further improve the power generation of bifacial photovoltaic modules.
[0043] Specifically, referring to Figure 2, the reflective pattern layer 2 is a grid, and the mesh openings 21 are located at the same positions as the battery cell 6, which facilitates the alignment of the battery cell 6 during encapsulation. The area of the mesh openings 21 is smaller than the area of the battery cell 6 to ensure that the battery cell 6 completely covers the mesh openings 21, and that light is reflected back to the surface of the battery cell 6 to the maximum extent without side leakage.
[0044] Further, referring to Figure 2, the four corners of the mesh 21 are chamfered 22. The edge of the mesh 21 extends inward along the outer periphery of the solar cell 6 to form an inner extension region 211 as shown in Figure 2. The length of this inner extension region 211 is 1-15 mm, preferably 3-8 mm, and more preferably 4 mm (inner extension region 211 in Figure 2). Since the layouts of photovoltaic modules from different manufacturers are currently inconsistent, especially the spacing between solar cells and the spacing between solar strings, which are generally between 1-5 mm, and there is no precise alignment process during photovoltaic module layout, the reflective area of the reflective pattern layer 2 needs to have a certain error range. Within the aforementioned preferred range of 3-8 mm, the reflective area of the reflective pattern layer 2 can be applied to different photovoltaic module layouts and can ensure that all solar cells and solar strings have high reflectivity after the photovoltaic module is manufactured.
[0045] Specifically, the thickness of the reflective pattern layer 2 is 1-100 μm, preferably 1-25 μm (e.g., 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, or 25 μm); at this preferred thickness, the reflective pattern layer 2 can ensure both good reflective performance and performance requirements such as weather resistance. The reflective pattern layer 2 is preferably a plasma-reinforced layered structure to improve the adhesion of the reflective pattern layer 2 surface.
[0046] In one example of this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5, the reflective pattern layer 2 is a reflective coating (such as a reflective fluorine-containing coating or a reflective non-fluorine-containing coating). In this case, the reflective coating can be screen-printed onto a local area of the surface of the transparent substrate layer 1.
[0047] In another example of this embodiment, the reflective pattern layer 2 is a reflective film material bonded by an adhesive, and the reflective film material is a polymer film and / or a metal film with a reflectivity of 60-99% for light with a wavelength of 300-1250nm.
[0048] In this embodiment, the reflective pattern layer 2 can be white, black, or other colors to meet different aesthetic preferences and market demand for personalization.
[0049] Furthermore, referring to Figure 3, the surface of the reflective pattern layer 2 is also provided with a concave-convex structure 23 to enhance diffuse reflection of light and further improve the high-gloss reflection effect of the reflective pattern layer 2. Preferably, the concave-convex structure 23 is microspherical (as shown in Figure 3(a)) or cubic microprism (as shown in Figure 3(b)).
[0050] The first transparent functional layer 3 is filled in the mesh 21 of the reflective pattern layer 2 so that the first transparent functional layer 3 can pass through the mesh 21 and be disposed in a local area of the upper and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer 1 (as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5).
[0051] Furthermore, the thickness of the first transparent functional layer 3 is greater than the thickness of the reflective pattern layer 2 (as shown in Figures 1 and 5), so that the outer surface of the first transparent functional layer 3 away from the transparent substrate layer 1 (i.e., the upper surface of the first transparent functional layer 3 as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5) is higher than the outer surface of the reflective pattern layer 2 away from the transparent substrate layer 1 (i.e., the upper surface of the reflective pattern layer 2 as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5). In this case, the upper surface of the first transparent functional layer 3 is a continuous surface; or the thickness of the first transparent functional layer 3 is equal to the thickness of the reflective pattern layer 2 (as shown in Figure 4), so that the upper surface of the first transparent functional layer 3 is flush with the upper surface of the reflective pattern layer 2. In this way, obvious unevenness can be effectively avoided on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet.
[0052] Therefore, the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet of this embodiment, through the cooperation of the transparent substrate layer 1, the first transparent functional layer 3, and the reflective pattern layer 2, ensures that when applied to a photovoltaic module, the average transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90% in the area covered by the solar cell, and the average reflectance of visible and near-infrared light in the 380-1280nm range is >90% in the area not covered by the solar cell. It also effectively avoids the cell fragmentation problem caused by the uneven surface of the solar cell backsheet as shown in CN108767042B during the lamination of the solar cells, thus greatly improving the cell fragmentation problem, significantly increasing the yield of photovoltaic modules, and reducing production costs. Furthermore, during the photovoltaic module lamination process, the reflective pattern layer 2 in the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet does not protrude, reducing the contact between the reflective pattern layer 2 and the second encapsulating film, preventing grid delamination, and ensuring long-term high light reflection. Furthermore, by combining the first transparent functional layer 3 with the reflective pattern layer 2, the thickness of the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of raw materials used, such as the first transparent functional layer 3, and further reducing costs.
[0053] Specifically, the thickness of the first transparent functional layer 3 is 1-50 μm (e.g., 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, or 50 μm). In one example of this embodiment, the first transparent functional layer 3 is a weather-resistant coating (as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5). In this case, the weather-resistant coating can be filled into the mesh 21 by screen printing. In another example of this embodiment, the first transparent functional layer 3 is a weather-resistant film material bonded by an adhesive. In this case, an adhesive is needed to adhere the weather-resistant film material to a local area on the surface of the transparent substrate layer 1.
[0054] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 1 and 4-5, when both the reflective pattern layer 2 and the first transparent functional layer 3 are only disposed on one surface (such as the upper surface) of the transparent substrate layer 1, a second transparent functional layer 5 is also disposed on the other surface (i.e., the lower surface) of the transparent substrate layer 1. In one example of this embodiment, the second transparent functional layer 5 is a weather-resistant coating (as shown in Figure 1). In another example of this embodiment, the second transparent functional layer 5 is a weather-resistant film material bonded by adhesive 4 (as shown in Figures 4-5). In this case, adhesive 4 is needed to adhere the second transparent functional layer 5 to the surface of the transparent substrate layer 1.
[0055] The thickness of the second transparent functional layer 5 is 5-30μm, preferably 10-20μm (e.g., 10μm, 12μm, 15μm or 20μm). With this preferred thickness, the second transparent functional layer 5 can both protect the transparent substrate layer 1, ensuring that the photovoltaic module has a service life of more than 25 years after the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet of this embodiment is applied to the photovoltaic module, and also have excellent weather resistance.
[0056] Both the first transparent functional layer 3 and the second transparent functional layer 5 have a transmittance of 60-100% for light with wavelengths of 300nm-1250nm, ensuring good light transmission performance. In practice, both the first transparent functional layer 3 and the second transparent functional layer 5 can be fluorine-containing or fluorine-free weather-resistant layers, preferably fluorine-containing weather-resistant layers, to improve the weather resistance of the reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet.
[0057] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.
[0058] The technical solution provided by this utility model has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
Claims
1. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet, characterized in that, It includes a transparent substrate layer, a reflective pattern layer, and a first transparent functional layer; the reflective pattern layer is disposed on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer, and the reflective pattern layer is in the form of a grid. The first transparent functional layer is filled in the mesh of the reflective pattern layer so that the first transparent functional layer can pass through the mesh and be disposed in a local area of the upper and / or lower surface of the transparent substrate layer; the thickness of the first transparent functional layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the reflective pattern layer so that the outer surface of the first transparent functional layer away from the transparent substrate layer is not lower than the outer surface of the reflective pattern layer away from the transparent substrate layer.
2. The reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transparent functional layer is a weather-resistant coating or a weather-resistant film material bonded by an adhesive, and the thickness of the first transparent functional layer is 1-50 μm.
3. The reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the reflective pattern layer is 1-25 μm; the reflective pattern layer is a plasma-enhanced layered structure.
4. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The reflective pattern layer is a reflective coating; or, the reflective pattern layer is a reflective film material bonded by an adhesive, and the reflective film material is a polymer film and / or a metal film with a reflectivity of 60-99% for light with a wavelength of 300-1250nm.
5. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet has one, two, or more reflective pattern layers; the reflective pattern layers are white, black, or other colors.
6. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the reflective pattern layer is also provided with a concave-convex structure for diffuse light reflection; the concave-convex structure is in the form of a microsphere or a cubic microprism.
7. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mesh openings are located at the same positions as the solar cells, and the area of the mesh openings is smaller than the area of the solar cells. The edge of the mesh extends inward along the outer periphery of the battery cell by 1-15mm; the four corners of the mesh are chamfered.
8. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the transparent substrate layer is 100-500 μm; The transparent substrate layer has a transmittance of 60-99% for light with wavelengths of 300nm-1250nm; the transparent substrate layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polybutylene terephthalate film, a polyethylene naphthalate film, a polyolefin film, a polyamide film, a polyimide film, a polyurea film, a polycarbonate film, a polyacrylate derivative film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a polyvinylidene fluoride film, a polytrifluoroethylene film, or a polytetrafluoroethylene film.
9. A reflective grid photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the reflective pattern layer and the first transparent functional layer are both disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate layer, the other surface of the transparent substrate layer is further provided with a second transparent functional layer; The second transparent functional layer is a weather-resistant coating or a weather-resistant film material bonded by an adhesive, and the thickness of the second transparent functional layer is 5-30μm.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, It includes a photovoltaic front panel, a first encapsulating film, a solar cell, a second encapsulating film, and a photovoltaic back panel, which are stacked from top to bottom; the photovoltaic back panel is a reflective grid photovoltaic back panel as described in any one of claims 1-9.