Distributed pooled liquid cooling power system and power supply system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of energy, and provides a distributed pooled liquid cooling power system and a power supply system. The power system comprises a plurality of thermal management units, a main liquid supply pipe, a main liquid return pipe, a plurality of loads, and a plurality of load liquid cooling paths. Each thermal management unit is used for cooling a cooling liquid, each load liquid cooling path is used for exchanging heat with the corresponding load, and each load comprises at least one of a power conversion device or an energy storage device. The main liquid supply pipe is used for receiving a cooling medium outputted by a liquid outlet pipe of each thermal management unit, and inputting the cooling medium to a liquid inlet pipe of the corresponding load liquid cooling path. A liquid outlet pipe of each load liquid cooling path is used for outputting the cooling medium to the main liquid return pipe. A liquid inlet pipe of each thermal management unit is used for inputting the cooling medium from the main liquid return pipe to the thermal management unit. By adopting the power system, safe and efficient operation of loads is ensured, while the energy efficiency of thermal management units is improved, thereby improving the operation reliability and energy efficiency of the power system.

Description

A distributed pooled liquid-cooled power supply system and power supply system

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510120797.7, filed on January 24, 2025, entitled "A Distributed Pooled Liquid Cooling Power Supply System and Power Supply System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to a distributed pooled liquid cooling power supply system and power supply system. Background Technology

[0004] With the continuous development and widespread application of clean energy, power systems such as energy storage cabinets that can store electrical energy and transformer cabinets that convert AC power are beginning to be widely used in many fields.

[0005] Since temperature is a key factor affecting the operating efficiency of power systems, heat dissipation solutions are typically designed to ensure their safe and efficient operation. Currently, most heat dissipation solutions used in energy storage scenarios are based on liquid cooling technology to meet the temperature requirements under high-power operation. Because liquid cooling solutions offer high design flexibility, they can be easily optimized according to actual usage needs to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the power system. Therefore, liquid cooling technology has broad application prospects in the energy storage field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a distributed pooled liquid cooling power system and power supply system to improve the operational reliability and energy efficiency of the power system, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the power supply system.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a distributed pooled liquid-cooled power system, which includes multiple thermal management units, a main supply pipe, a main return pipe, multiple loads, and multiple load liquid-cooling paths. Each of the multiple thermal management units is used to cool the coolant. The multiple load liquid-cooling paths are used to transfer the cooling medium for heat exchange with the multiple loads, and each load includes at least one of a power conversion device or an energy storage device. Furthermore, in this application, the outlet pipe of each of the multiple thermal management units is connected to the main supply pipe. The main supply pipe receives the cooling medium output from the outlet pipe of each thermal management unit and inputs the cooling medium into the inlet pipe of each load liquid-cooling path. The outlet pipe of each load liquid-cooling path outputs the cooling medium to the main return pipe. The inlet pipe of each thermal management unit inputs the cooling medium from the main return pipe into each thermal management unit. The power system provided in this application utilizes multiple thermal management units for temperature management. The cooling medium, after being mixed in the main supply pipeline, is then distributed to multiple load liquid-cooled paths for heat exchange with the corresponding loads. The cooling medium from these multiple load liquid-cooled paths enters the main return pipeline for mixing before being distributed to the multiple thermal management units. This ensures safe and efficient operation of each load while improving the energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units, thereby enhancing the reliability and energy efficiency of the power system.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, each load includes an energy storage device, and each load liquid cooling path includes a liquid cooling path for the energy storage device, which is used for heat exchange with the energy storage device. The liquid cooling path of the energy storage device includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. A main supply pipe includes a first main pipe, and a main return pipe includes a second main pipe. The inlet pipe of each energy storage device's liquid cooling path receives the cooling medium output from the first main pipe, and the outlet pipe of each energy storage device's coolant path outputs the cooling medium to the second main pipe. This allows the thermal management unit and the energy storage device's liquid cooling path to be connected via the first and second main pipes to form a cooling medium circulation loop. Utilizing the circulation of the cooling medium between the thermal management unit and the energy storage device's liquid cooling path enables effective temperature management of the energy storage device, thereby ensuring its safe and efficient operation.

[0009] In addition, the load includes a power conversion device for converting the DC power output from the energy storage device. Each load liquid cooling path also includes a liquid cooling path for the power conversion device, which exchanges heat with the power conversion device. The liquid cooling path of the power conversion device includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. Furthermore, the main supply pipe includes a third main pipe, and the main return pipe includes a fourth main pipe. The inlet pipe of each power conversion device's liquid cooling path receives the cooling medium output from the third main pipe, and the outlet pipe of each power conversion device's liquid cooling path outputs the cooling medium to the fourth main pipe. This allows the liquid cooling paths of the thermal management unit and the power device to be connected through the third and fourth main pipes to form a cooling medium circulation loop. Utilizing the circulating flow of the cooling medium between the thermal management unit and the power device's liquid cooling paths, effective temperature management of the power conversion device can be achieved, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the power conversion device.

[0010] In another possible embodiment of this application, each load in the power system includes a power conversion device for converting the AC power received by the power system. Multiple load liquid-cooled paths are used to transmit the cooling medium and conduct heat exchange with each load in a one-to-one manner. This allows multiple thermal management units to be connected to multiple loads via main supply and return pipes, forming a cooling medium circulation loop. After cooling the cooling medium received from the return pipe, the cooling medium from the multiple thermal management units enters the main supply pipe through their outlet pipes for mixing before flowing to the multiple load liquid-cooled paths for heat exchange with the loads. This ensures the safe and efficient operation of each load while improving the energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units, thereby enhancing the operational reliability and energy efficiency of the power system.

[0011] In one possible implementation of this application, each thermal management unit in the power system is used to cool the cooling medium either through vapor compression refrigeration or through natural cooling. This allows for selection of the combination of thermal management units used for vapor compression refrigeration and those used for natural cooling, depending on the load's heat dissipation requirements. This enables the provision of cooling media at various temperatures, thus meeting diverse heat dissipation needs of loads under different ambient temperatures or charge / discharge rates. This improves the applicability of the solution provided in this application while enhancing the energy efficiency of the thermal management units. Furthermore, it provides the possibility for overload operation of the load in the power system.

[0012] Based on this, it can be understood that in this application, the combined use of a thermal management unit for cooling the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration and a thermal management unit for cooling the cooling medium by natural cooling can be designed according to the overload requirements of the load and the ambient temperature.

[0013] For example, in one possible implementation, the load includes a power conversion device. When the overload rate of the power conversion device is greater than a set overload rate threshold, and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a first set temperature threshold, the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium via vapor compression refrigeration is greater than the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium via natural cooling. This satisfies the overload rate requirement of the power conversion device.

[0014] For example, in another possible implementation, when the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to a set overload rate threshold, and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a second set temperature threshold, the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium through vapor compression refrigeration is less than the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium through natural cooling. This is beneficial for improving the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the power conversion device. The second set temperature threshold is greater than the first set temperature threshold.

[0015] In another possible implementation, one portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to output cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a second set temperature threshold. Another portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to output cooling medium cooled by natural cooling to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to a set overload threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a second set temperature threshold. This allows for the combined use of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration and those that cool the cooling medium by natural cooling, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the load's heat dissipation requirements.

[0016] In another possible implementation, one portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to output cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device exceeds a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first set temperature threshold. Another portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to output cooling medium cooled by natural cooling to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device exceeds a set overload threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the first set temperature threshold. This improves the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the load.

[0017] In another possible implementation of this application, the load includes an energy storage device, and a portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to cool the cooling medium via vapor compression refrigeration when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a third set temperature threshold. Another portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to cool the cooling medium via natural cooling when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the third set temperature threshold. This improves the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage device. The third set temperature threshold is greater than a first set temperature threshold and less than a second set temperature threshold.

[0018] This application does not limit the specific configuration of the main supply pipeline and the main return pipeline. For example, the main supply pipeline is a ring pipeline. This is beneficial to improving the mixing uniformity of the cooling medium entering the main supply pipeline from the outlet pipelines of multiple thermal management units, and also beneficial to improving the distribution uniformity of the cooling medium flowing from the first main pipeline to each load liquid cooling pipeline. Thus, while meeting the thermal management requirements of the load, it is also beneficial to improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management units.

[0019] In another possible implementation, the main liquid supply pipeline may also include a nozzle. This allows for a shorter main liquid supply pipeline, reducing the circulation path of the cooling medium between the thermal management unit and the load liquid cooling path. This improves the circulation efficiency of the cooling medium, thereby enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the load liquid cooling path and the load. This enables timely management of the load temperature, ensuring its safe and stable operation.

[0020] Similarly, the return main pipe is a ring-shaped pipe. This helps to improve the mixing uniformity of the cooling medium entering the return main pipe from the outlet pipes of multiple load liquid cooling paths, and also helps to improve the distribution uniformity of the cooling medium flowing from the return main pipe to each thermal management unit, which is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management unit.

[0021] In another possible implementation, the return main pipe includes a nozzle. This allows for a shorter return main pipe, reducing the circulation path of the cooling medium between the thermal management unit and the load liquid cooling path. This improves the cooling medium circulation efficiency, thereby enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the load liquid cooling path and the load. This enables timely management of the load temperature, ensuring its safe and stable operation.

[0022] Secondly, this application also provides a power supply system comprising two power supply systems as described in the first aspect. Each load in one power supply system includes an energy storage device, and each load in the other power supply system includes a power conversion device for converting the AC power received by the other power supply system. Furthermore, the main liquid supply pipeline of one power supply system is connected to the main liquid supply pipeline of the other power supply system, and the main liquid return pipeline of one power supply system is connected to the main liquid return pipeline of the other power supply system. In the power supply system provided in this application, thermal management units in both power supply systems can be used to simultaneously manage the loads in both power supply systems, enabling the sharing of multiple thermal management units between the two power supply systems. This is beneficial for further improving the energy efficiency of each thermal management unit and for meeting the overload operation requirements of the loads in the power supply systems, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 is an architecture diagram of an energy storage power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed pooled liquid-cooled architecture for an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another distributed pooled liquid cooling architecture for the energy storage cabinet provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a distributed pooled liquid cooling architecture for a substation provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a distributed pooled liquid-cooled architecture for a substation provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a liquid-cooled architecture of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another liquid-cooled architecture of the power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a liquid-cooled architecture of a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1000-Energy storage power supply system; 100-Energy storage cabinet; 200-Power conversion equipment; 300-Substation cabinet; 2000-Power grid; 1-Thermal management unit; 11-First thermal management unit; 12-Second thermal management unit; 10-Liquid outlet pipe; 101-First liquid outlet pipe; 103-Second liquid outlet pipe; 20-Liquid inlet pipe; 102-First liquid inlet pipe; 104-Second liquid inlet pipe; 2-Load liquid cooling passage; 21-Liquid cooling passage of energy storage device; 211-Liquid inlet pipe of liquid cooling passage of energy storage device; 212-Liquid outlet pipe of liquid cooling passage of energy storage device; 2111-Liquid cooling passage of battery module; 22-Liquid cooling passage of power conversion device; 221-Liquid inlet pipe of liquid cooling passage of power conversion device; 222-Liquid outlet pipe of liquid cooling passage of power conversion device; 223-Cold plate; 231 - Liquid inlet pipe of the load liquid cooling path; 232 - Liquid outlet pipe of the load liquid cooling path; 2311 - Liquid inlet pipe of the load module; 2321 - Liquid outlet pipe of the load module; 31 - Energy storage device; 311 - Battery module; 32 - Power conversion device; 40 - Main liquid supply pipe; 4 - First main pipe; 6 - Third main pipe; 50 - Main liquid return pipe; 5 - Second main pipe; 7 - Fourth main pipe; 301 - Load. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0033] It should be noted that specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Currently, energy storage devices are widely used in various fields. Exemplary applications include five types of industrial and commercial energy storage scenarios: small-scale industrial and commercial (e.g., small factories), medium-scale industrial and commercial, large-scale industrial and commercial, photovoltaic-storage charging stations, and small and medium-sized microgrids (e.g., islands), as well as three types of power station scenarios: wind-solar energy storage power stations, grid energy storage power stations, and large microgrids, for the storage and release of electrical energy.

[0035] Referring to Figure 1, which is an architectural diagram of an energy storage power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application, the energy storage power supply system 1000 typically includes an energy storage cabinet 100, a power conversion device 200, and a substation 300. The energy storage cabinet 100 includes an energy storage device and a power conversion device. The power conversion device may include a power conversion system (PCS). The PCS can be used to convert AC power into DC power for storage in the energy storage device, or to convert DC power from the energy storage device into AC power. In this application, the PCS can specifically be a DC-AC converter or a DC-DC converter; that is, the PCS may include a DC-AC conversion device, a DC-DC conversion device, or a control unit, etc. Additionally, the power conversion device in the energy storage cabinet may also include a direct current converter (DCDC), etc.

[0036] The power conversion device 200 can be used to convert the DC power output from the energy storage cabinet 100 into AC power for output to the substation cabinet 300, or to convert the AC power input from the substation cabinet 300 into DC power for input to the energy storage cabinet 100. Additionally, the substation cabinet 300 can be used to boost the AC power output from the power conversion device 200 before outputting it to the power grid 2000, or to step down the AC power input from the power grid 2000 before inputting it to the power conversion device 200 or other low-voltage AC loads. In this application, the power conversion device 200 can be, for example, a PCS (Power Conversion System).

[0037] Understandably, to ensure the charging and discharging performance and operational safety of the energy storage devices within the energy storage cabinet 100, cooling of the energy storage devices is typically necessary. Furthermore, as the power density of the power conversion devices within the energy storage cabinet 100 increases, they also generate a significant amount of heat during operation, thus requiring temperature management. Considering the high efficiency of liquid cooling, most thermal management systems currently used in the energy storage cabinet 100 are designed based on liquid cooling technology.

[0038] Currently, the liquid-cooled thermal management system in the energy storage cabinet 100 typically uses a single thermal management unit to manage the thermal of the energy storage devices and / or power devices within the cabinet. This centralized management of the load's temperature ensures the safe and efficient operation of the energy storage cabinet 100. However, if the heat pipe unit in the thermal management system fails, it will cause abnormal charging and discharging operations of the entire energy storage cabinet 100. Furthermore, thermal management requirements vary depending on different ambient temperatures or charge / discharge rates, and a single thermal management unit can hardly meet the thermal management needs of various scenarios, thus hindering the improvement of the thermal management unit's energy efficiency.

[0039] In view of this, this application utilizes multiple thermal management units to perform thermal management on multiple loads, thereby optimizing the configuration of the cooling medium for heat exchange between the thermal management units and the loads. This ensures stable load operation while improving the operational reliability and energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units, thus enhancing resource utilization. To facilitate understanding of the thermal management system provided in this application, a detailed description will follow with specific embodiments.

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed pooled liquid-cooled architecture for an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the energy storage cabinet 100 includes multiple thermal management units 1, multiple loads, and multiple load liquid-cooled passages 2. Each load liquid-cooled passage 2 can be used to transmit cooling medium for heat exchange with multiple loads in the energy storage cabinet 100, while each thermal management unit 1 can be used to exchange heat with the cooling medium from the load liquid-cooled passage 2 to cool the cooling medium, thereby managing the temperature of multiple loads in the energy storage cabinet 100 using multiple thermal management units 1.

[0041] As described above, the load in the energy storage cabinet 100 mainly includes energy storage devices 31 and power conversion devices 32. The energy storage devices 31 are used for storing or releasing direct current (DC), while the power conversion devices 32 can be used to convert the DC output from the energy storage devices 31 and output it, or to convert the received DC and provide it to the energy storage devices 31 for storage. As shown in Figure 2, the energy storage cabinet can include multiple energy storage devices 31 and multiple power conversion devices 32. Specifically, one energy storage device 31 can be equivalent to a battery cluster in the energy storage cabinet, and a battery cluster can include one or more battery modules (battery modules can also be called battery packs). Each battery cluster can have a corresponding power conversion device to manage each battery cluster in the energy storage cabinet.

[0042] Since the energy storage device 31 and the power conversion device 32 have different operating temperature requirements, load liquid cooling paths can be set up for the energy storage device 31 and the power conversion device 32 respectively to ensure their safe and efficient operation. Specifically, in this embodiment, the multiple load liquid cooling paths include a liquid cooling path 21 for the energy storage device and a liquid cooling path 22 for the power conversion device. The liquid cooling path 21 of the energy storage device is used for heat exchange with the energy storage device 31, while the liquid cooling path 22 of the power conversion device is used for heat exchange with the power conversion device 32.

[0043] Referring again to Figure 2, in this embodiment, to connect the multiple thermal management units 1 to the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device, the energy storage cabinet 100 further includes a first main pipe 4 and a second main pipe 5. The first liquid outlet pipe 101 of each of the multiple thermal management units 1 is connected to the first main pipe 4, and the liquid inlet pipe 211 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device is connected to the first main pipe 4. Additionally, the first liquid inlet pipe 102 of the multiple thermal management units 1 is connected to the second main pipe 5, and the liquid outlet pipe 212 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device is connected to the second main pipe 5. Thus, the liquid inlet pipe 211 of the liquid cooling passage of each energy storage device is used to receive the cooling medium output from the first main pipe, and the liquid outlet pipe 212 of the liquid cooling passage of each energy storage device is used to output the cooling medium to the second main pipe 5. This allows multiple thermal management units 1 and the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device to be connected through the first main pipe 4 and the second main pipe 5 to form a cooling medium circulation loop. This enables the multiple thermal management units 1 to manage the temperature of the cooling medium received from the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device through the second main pipe 5. After the medium is mixed, it flows through the first outlet pipe 101 of the multiple thermal management units 1 into the first main pipe 4 and then flows to the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device for heat exchange with the energy storage device 31.

[0044] In the current energy storage cabinet 100, there are usually at least two energy storage devices 31. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the energy storage cabinet 100 includes two energy storage devices 31. In order to manage the temperature of each energy storage device 31, the multiple load liquid cooling passages 2 of the energy storage cabinet 100 include liquid cooling passages 21 for at least two energy storage devices. The inlet pipes 211 of the liquid cooling passages of the at least two energy storage devices are connected to the first main pipe 4, and the outlet pipes 212 of the liquid cooling passages of the at least two energy storage devices are connected to the second main pipe 5. Thus, the multiple thermal management units 1 and the liquid cooling passages 21 of the at least two energy storage devices are connected through the first main pipe 4 and the second main pipe 5. This allows the cooling medium to enter the first main pipe 4 from the first outlet pipe 101 of the multiple thermal management units 1, be mixed, and then be distributed to the corresponding liquid cooling passages 21 of each energy storage device according to the thermal management needs of each energy storage device 31. This ensures the safe and efficient operation of each energy storage device 31 while improving the energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units 1.

[0045] It is understood that since each energy storage device 31 may include one or more battery modules 311, taking the energy storage device 31 including multiple battery modules 311 as an example, as shown in Figure 2, the energy storage cabinet 100 may also include multiple liquid cooling passages 2111 for multiple battery modules, wherein the liquid cooling passages 2111 for multiple battery modules are used for heat exchange corresponding to the multiple battery modules 311.

[0046] Furthermore, the inlets of the liquid cooling passages 2111 of the multiple battery modules are connected to the inlet pipes 211 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device, and the outlets of the liquid cooling passages 2111 of the multiple battery modules are connected to the outlet pipes 212 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device. This allows the cooling medium, after being managed by multiple thermal management units 1, to enter the inlet pipes 211 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device through the first main pipe 4, and then be further distributed to the liquid cooling passages 2111 of each battery module for heat exchange with the battery module 311. The cooling medium after heat exchange can then enter the outlet pipes 212 of the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device through the outlets of the liquid cooling passages 2111 of the battery modules, thereby achieving temperature control of each battery module 311.

[0047] It is worth mentioning that, in the embodiments of this application, the liquid cooling passage 2111 of the battery module may include a cold plate, so that the battery module 311 can contact the surface of the cold plate to achieve efficient heat exchange between the battery module 311 and the cold plate, thereby using the cooling medium flowing through the cold plate to control the temperature of the battery module 311.

[0048] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 above, the first main pipe 4 is connected end to end to form a ring pipe. The second main pipe 5 is also connected end to end to form a ring pipe. This improves the mixing uniformity of the cooling medium flowing into the first main pipe 4 from multiple thermal management units 1, and also improves the distribution uniformity of the liquid inlet pipes 211 flowing from the first main pipe 4 to the liquid cooling pathways of each energy storage device. This satisfies the thermal management requirements of the energy storage device 31 while simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management units 1.

[0049] Referring again to Figure 2, the energy storage cabinet 100 also includes a third main pipe 6 and a fourth main pipe 7. Additionally, the plurality of load liquid cooling passages 2 also include liquid cooling passages 22 for at least two power conversion devices. The second outlet pipes 103 of the plurality of thermal management units 1 are connected to the third main pipe 6, and the inlet pipes 221 of the liquid cooling passages of the at least two power conversion devices are connected to the third main pipe 6. Furthermore, the second inlet pipes 104 of the plurality of thermal management units 1 are connected to the fourth main pipe 7, and the outlet pipes 222 of the liquid cooling passages of the at least two power conversion devices are connected to the fourth main pipe 7. It is understood that the inlet pipe 221 of the liquid cooling passage of each power conversion device is used to receive the cooling medium output from the third main pipe 6, and the outlet pipe 222 of the liquid cooling passage of each power conversion device is used to output the cooling medium to the fourth main pipe 7. This allows multiple thermal management units 1 and at least two power conversion devices to be connected via a third main pipe 6 and a fourth main pipe 7 to form another cooling medium circulation loop. This allows the cooling medium to enter the third main pipe 6 from the second outlet pipe 103 of the multiple thermal management units 1 for mixing, and then be distributed to the corresponding power conversion device's liquid cooling passage 22 according to the thermal management requirements of each power conversion device 32. This ensures the safe and efficient operation of the power conversion device 32 while improving the energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units 1.

[0050] It is worth mentioning that, since the power conversion device 32 in the energy storage cabinet 100 may include PCS and DC-DC, when the thermal management requirements of various power conversion devices 32 are similar, the liquid cooling passage 22 of each power conversion device can be connected to multiple thermal management units 1 through the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7. When the thermal management requirements of different types of power conversion devices 32 are different, main pipes for connecting to multiple thermal management units 1 can be set for power conversion devices 32 with different thermal management requirements. The specific setting method is similar to the method described in the above embodiment where the liquid cooling passage 22 of the power conversion device is connected to multiple thermal management units 1 through the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7. It will not be described in detail here, but it should be understood that it falls within the protection scope of this application.

[0051] In this application, the liquid cooling passage 22 of the power conversion device may also include a cold plate 223, so that the power conversion device 32 and the cold plate 223 can exchange heat through the contact between the power conversion device 32 and the cold plate 223, thereby controlling the temperature of the power conversion device 32 by the flow of the cooling medium through the cold plate 223.

[0052] Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 above, the third main pipe 6 is connected end-to-end to form a ring pipe. The fourth main pipe 7 is also connected end-to-end to form a ring pipe. This improves the mixing uniformity of the cooling medium flowing into the third main pipe 6 from multiple thermal management units 1, and also improves the distribution uniformity of the cooling medium in the liquid inlet pipes 221 of the liquid cooling passages flowing from the third main pipe 6 to each power conversion device. This satisfies the thermal management requirements of the power conversion device 32 while simultaneously improving the energy efficiency of the thermal management units 1.

[0053] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another distributed pooled liquid cooling architecture for the energy storage cabinet provided in this application embodiment. Unlike the energy storage cabinet 100 shown in Figure 2, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the first main pipe 4 includes two ports, each of which can be used to connect to the first liquid outlet pipe 101 of a thermal management unit 1. Additionally, the second main pipe 5 also includes two ports, each of which can be used to connect to the first liquid inlet pipe 102 of a thermal management unit 1. In this embodiment, the first main pipe 4 and the second main pipe 5 are relatively short, which reduces the circulation path of the cooling medium between the thermal management unit 1 and the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device. This is beneficial for improving the circulation efficiency of the cooling medium, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the liquid cooling passage 21 of the energy storage device and the energy storage device 31. This enables timely management of the temperature of the energy storage device 31, ensuring its operational safety and stability.

[0054] The above embodiments are merely exemplary descriptions of the arrangement of various main pipes in the energy storage cabinet 100 provided in this application. Based on this, some adaptive modifications can be made to the arrangement of each main pipe, or main pipes with different arrangement forms can be reasonably combined. For example, at least one of the first main pipe 4 and the second main pipe 5 can adopt the arrangement shown in Figure 2, and at least one of the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7 can adopt the arrangement shown in Figure 3, etc. They are not listed one by one here, but they should all be understood to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0055] As described above, in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3, the first main pipe 4 and the third main pipe 6 can both be considered as liquid supply main pipes. They can be used to receive the cooling medium output from the outlet pipe of each thermal management unit 1 and input the cooling medium into the inlet pipe of each load liquid cooling passage 2. In addition, the second main pipe 5 and the fourth main pipe 7 can both be considered as return main pipes. The outlet pipe of each load liquid cooling passage 2 can be used to output the cooling medium to the return main pipe, and the inlet pipe of each thermal management unit 1 is used to input the cooling medium from the return main pipe into each thermal management unit 1.

[0056] In the various embodiments of this application, the specific configuration of the thermal management unit 1 is not limited. It is understood that the thermal management unit 1 can be configured based on the principle of heat exchange, and the specific configuration can be varied. For example, in one possible embodiment, the thermal management unit 1 may include a refrigerant circulation loop formed by a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator, to achieve cooling through the circulation of refrigerant in this loop, and to allow heat exchange between the liquid outlet pipe of the thermal management unit and the refrigerant circulation loop, thereby cooling the cooling medium in the liquid outlet pipe of the thermal management unit 1. In this application, this type of thermal management unit 1 can be considered as a thermal management unit 1 used for cooling the cooling medium through vapor compression refrigeration.

[0057] In another possible embodiment of this application, the thermal management unit 1 may include a heat dissipation device, such as a fan, to cool the cooling medium in the outlet pipe of the thermal management unit 1. Since this type of cooling method mainly depends on the ambient temperature, this type of thermal management unit 1 can be considered as a thermal management unit 1 used to cool the cooling medium by natural cooling.

[0058] Understandably, in practical applications, the heat dissipation devices of the multiple thermal management units 1 of the energy storage cabinet 100 can be configured in the same or different ways. They can be combined and designed according to the specific thermal management requirements of the load, so as to improve the energy efficiency of the thermal management unit 1 while meeting the thermal management requirements of the load.

[0059] For example, in a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 2 or Figure 3, the multiple thermal management units 1 may include a first thermal management unit 11 and a second thermal management unit 12. Both the first thermal management unit 11 and the second thermal management unit 12 are used to receive cooling media from multiple load liquid cooling passages 2. The first thermal management unit 11 is used to cool the cooling media by vapor compression refrigeration, and the second thermal management unit 12 can be used to cool the cooling media by natural cooling.

[0060] In this way, the first thermal management unit 11 can be used to provide a cooling medium at a first temperature, and the second thermal management unit 12 can be used to provide a cooling medium at a second temperature. When the first heat pipe unit 11 and the second heat pipe unit 12 operate simultaneously, the two cooling media at different temperatures can be mixed in the first main pipe 4 and / or the third main pipe 6 to obtain a cooling medium at a third temperature. This can meet various heat dissipation requirements under different ambient temperatures or different charge / discharge rates, thereby improving the applicability of the solution provided in this application while enhancing the energy efficiency of the thermal management unit 1.

[0061] Based on this, it can be understood that in this application, the combined use of a thermal management unit for cooling the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration and a thermal management unit for cooling the cooling medium by natural cooling can be designed according to the overload requirements of the load and the ambient temperature.

[0062] For example, in one possible embodiment, when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is greater than a set overload rate threshold, and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a first set temperature threshold, considering the high efficiency of using compressor refrigeration to cool the cooling medium, the number of thermal management units 1 that cool the cooling medium through vapor compression refrigeration can be greater than the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium through natural cooling. This satisfies the overload rate requirement of the power conversion device 32, allowing the energy storage cabinet 100 to be used in scenarios with overload requirements.

[0063] It is worth mentioning that, in this application, the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 refers to the ratio of the heat generated by the power conversion device 32 under actual operating conditions to the heat generated under rated operating conditions. Therefore, in practical applications, the overload rate threshold can be set to, for example, 1.1.

[0064] In addition, the ambient temperature can be measured by a temperature sensor, which can be located outside the energy storage cabinet 100. For example, it can be installed on the cabinet body of the energy storage cabinet 100 and at a distance from the components inside the energy storage cabinet 100 that generate a lot of heat, such as the cabinet door. In this scenario, the first set temperature threshold can be, for example, 10°C.

[0065] It is understood that in this embodiment, if the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is high, multiple thermal management units 1 can be used to cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration in order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the power conversion device 32.

[0066] In another possible embodiment of this application, when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is less than or equal to a set overload rate threshold, and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a second set temperature threshold, the number of thermal management units 1 that cool the cooling medium through vapor compression refrigeration is less than the number of thermal management units 1 that cool the cooling medium through natural cooling. This is beneficial to improving the energy efficiency of the energy storage cabinet 100 while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the power conversion device 32.

[0067] In this scenario, the second set temperature threshold can be, for example, 55°C, and the ambient temperature can be, for example, 35°C-45°C. Since the power conversion device 32 has no overload requirement, the ambient temperature is sufficient to meet the heat dissipation needs of the power conversion device 32.

[0068] In addition, in this embodiment, if the ambient temperature is low, for example below 35°C, multiple thermal management units 1 can be used to cool the cooling medium through natural cooling, so as to improve the energy efficiency of multiple thermal management units 1 while ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the power conversion device 32.

[0069] In this application, the combined use of multiple thermal management units 1 for cooling the cooling medium via vapor compression refrigeration and for cooling the cooling medium via natural cooling is not limited to this. For example, in one possible embodiment, a portion of the multiple thermal management units 1 may be used to output the cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is less than or equal to a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a second set temperature threshold. Another portion of the multiple thermal management units 1 may be used to output the cooling medium cooled by natural cooling to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is less than or equal to a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the second set temperature threshold. This allows for the combined use of thermal management units 1 that cool the cooling medium via vapor compression refrigeration and those that cool the cooling medium via natural cooling, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the load.

[0070] In another possible embodiment, a portion of the plurality of thermal management units 1 is used to output cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is greater than a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a first set temperature threshold. Another portion of the plurality of thermal management units 1 is used to output cooling medium cooled by natural cooling to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device 32 is greater than a set overload threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the first set temperature threshold. This improves the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the load.

[0071] The above embodiments all use an energy storage cabinet 100 that simultaneously includes a power conversion device 32 and an energy storage device 31 as an example to describe the possible configuration of its multiple thermal management units 1. In some possible embodiments, the energy storage cabinet 100 may not include the power conversion device 32, in which case the multiple thermal management units 1 can be configured according to the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage device 31. For example, some of the multiple heat pipe units are used to cool the cooling medium through vapor compression refrigeration when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a third set temperature threshold. Furthermore, some of the multiple thermal management units are used to cool the cooling medium through natural cooling when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the third set temperature threshold. This improves the energy efficiency of the power system while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage device.

[0072] In this embodiment, the third set temperature threshold can be, for example, 45°C. If the ambient temperature is low, for example, 30°C-35°C, then a portion of the multiple thermal management units 1 can be used to cool the cooling medium via natural cooling, and another portion of the multiple thermal management units 1 can also be used to cool the cooling medium via natural cooling. This ensures the safe and efficient operation of the energy storage device 31 while improving the energy efficiency of the multiple thermal management units 1.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely exemplary descriptions of the combination of multiple thermal management units 1 in the solution provided in this application. In other possible embodiments, multiple thermal management units 1 may also be configured in any other combination, which will not be listed here, but they should all be understood to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0074] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a distributed pooled liquid-cooled architecture for a substation provided in an embodiment of this application. As can be understood from the above description, the substation 300 includes multiple loads 301 for stepping up or stepping down the AC power received by the transformer cabinet. These loads 301 are typically power conversion devices. In this embodiment, the multiple load liquid-cooled pathways 2 of the substation 300 are used to transmit cooling media for heat exchange with each of the multiple loads 301.

[0075] Additionally, as shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, multiple thermal management units 1 and multiple load liquid cooling passages 2 are connected via a main supply pipe 40 and a main return pipe 50. Specifically, the outlet pipes 10 of multiple thermal management units 1 are connected to the main supply pipe 40, and the inlet pipes 231 of multiple load liquid cooling passages are connected to the main supply pipe 40, so that the main supply pipe 40 can receive the cooling medium output from the outlet pipe 10 of each thermal management unit 1 and input the cooling medium into the inlet pipe 231 of each load liquid cooling passage. Furthermore, the inlet pipes 20 of multiple thermal management units 1 are connected to the main return pipe 50, and the outlet pipes 232 of multiple load liquid cooling passages are connected to the main return pipe 50, so that the outlet pipes 232 of each load liquid cooling passage can output the cooling medium to the main return pipe 50, and the inlet pipes 20 of each thermal management unit 1 can be used to input the cooling medium from the main return pipe 50 into each thermal management unit 1. In this way, multiple thermal management units 1 can be used to manage the temperature of the cooling medium received from multiple load liquid cooling passages 2 through the return liquid main pipe 50. After the medium is mixed, it enters the supply liquid main pipe 40 through the outlet liquid pipe 10 of multiple thermal management units 1 and then flows to multiple load liquid cooling passages 2 for heat exchange with multiple loads 301.

[0076] In practical applications, multiple loads 301 in the substation 300 can also be grouped and packaged to form load modules. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, multiple loads 301 are divided into three load modules, and each load module may include at least two loads 301. In order to manage the temperature of each load 301 in each load module, a load module liquid inlet pipe 2311 and a load module liquid outlet pipe 2321 can be provided for each load module. The load module liquid inlet pipe 2311 is connected to the main liquid supply pipe 40 through the liquid inlet pipe 231 of the load liquid cooling passage, and the load module liquid outlet pipe 2321 is connected to the main return pipe 50 through the liquid outlet pipe 232 of the load liquid cooling passage.

[0077] Furthermore, the liquid inlet of the cold plate 223 that is in thermal contact with each load 301 is connected to the corresponding load module liquid inlet pipe 2311, and the liquid outlet of the cold plate 223 that is in thermal contact with each load 301 is connected to the corresponding load module liquid outlet pipe 2321. Thus, by circulating the cooling medium between multiple thermal management units 1 and multiple cold plates 223, the temperature of multiple loads 301 is controlled to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the loads 301.

[0078] In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the main supply pipe 40 is still a loop pipe with its ends connected, and the main return pipe 50 is also a loop pipe with its ends connected. In other possible embodiments, such as the substation 300 shown in Figure 5, the main supply pipe 40 and the main return pipe 50 may also be pipes with two ports. The specific arrangement can be referred to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] In addition, in the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5, the combination of the thermal management unit used for cooling the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration and the thermal management unit used for cooling the cooling medium by natural cooling can be set with reference to the above embodiments. Simply put, the heat dissipation method of the multiple thermal management units 1 can be combined and designed according to the specific heat dissipation requirements of each load 301 of the substation, so as to improve the energy efficiency of the thermal management unit 1 while meeting the thermal management requirements of the load 301.

[0080] It is worth mentioning that, as described above, the energy storage cabinet 100 can be used for charging and discharging DC power, while the transformer cabinet 300 can be used for stepping up or stepping down AC power; that is, both can be used to process power. In this application, the aforementioned energy storage cabinet 100 and transformer cabinet 300, and other devices used for processing power, can be collectively referred to as a power system.

[0081] It is understood that a power supply system may typically include multiple power supply systems, which can refer to the thermal management scheme provided in the above embodiments to achieve temperature control of the load, so as to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the power supply system.

[0082] In one possible embodiment of this application, the multiple power systems in the power supply system may include at least one energy storage cabinet 100 and at least one transformer cabinet 300, wherein the energy storage cabinet 100 and the transformer cabinet 300 can be configured according to any of the above embodiments. Additionally, referring to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of a liquid-cooled architecture for a power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application, in this embodiment, the third main pipe 6 of the energy storage cabinet 100 is connected to the main liquid supply pipe 40 of the transformer cabinet 300, and the fourth main pipe 7 of the energy storage cabinet 100 is connected to the main liquid return pipe 50 of the transformer cabinet 300, thereby connecting the liquid cooling path of the energy storage cabinet 100 with that of the transformer cabinet 300. This allows the thermal management units 1 in the energy storage cabinet 100 and the transformer cabinet 300 to simultaneously perform thermal management on the loads in both power systems, enabling the sharing of multiple thermal management units 1 in both power systems. This is beneficial for further improving the energy efficiency of each thermal management unit 1 and for meeting the overload operation requirements of the loads in the power system, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the power supply system.

[0083] Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that, as shown in Figure 6, the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7 of the energy storage cabinet 100 are used to connect the liquid cooling passages 22 of multiple thermal management units 1 and multiple power conversion devices. That is, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the liquid cooling passage in the energy storage cabinet 100 used for heat exchange with the power conversion device 32 is connected to the liquid cooling passage in the substation 300. Based on this, in other possible embodiments of this application, the liquid cooling passage in the energy storage cabinet 100 used for heat exchange with the energy storage device 31 can also be connected to the liquid cooling passage in the substation 300, or the liquid cooling passages in the two power systems can be connected in other similar ways, which can be set according to the specific thermal management requirements of the power supply system, and will not be described in detail here.

[0084] The embodiment shown in Figure 6 only illustrates the exemplary configuration of the main pipes of each power system. In other embodiments of this application, the configuration of the main pipes of each power system is not limited to this. For example, in the liquid-cooled architecture of the power system shown in Figure 7, the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7 of the energy storage cabinet 100 both include two ports, and the main liquid supply pipe 40 and the main liquid return pipe 50 in the substation 300 also each include two ports. Similarly, in the liquid-cooled architecture of the power system shown in Figure 8, the third main pipe 6 and the fourth main pipe 7 of the energy storage cabinet 100 are both loop pipes connected end-to-end, while the main liquid supply pipe 40 and the main liquid return pipe 50 in the substation 300 both include two ports. While not all possible configurations of the main pipes in the power system are shown here, they should all be understood to fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0085] The above embodiments are all based on the application of the thermal management design scheme provided in this application in the field of energy storage. After understanding its design principle, the thermal management design scheme can also be applied to other possible fields. The specific setting method can be referred to any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here, but they should all be understood to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0086] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced in each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0087] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A distributed pooled liquid-cooled power supply system, characterized in that, This includes multiple thermal management units, main liquid supply piping, main liquid return piping, multiple loads, and multiple load liquid cooling paths, among which: Each of the plurality of thermal management units is used to cool the cooling medium; The plurality of load liquid cooling channels are used to transfer the cooling medium to the plurality of loads for heat exchange, and each load includes at least one of a power conversion device or an energy storage device; The outlet pipe of each of the plurality of thermal management units is connected to the main liquid supply pipe; the main liquid supply pipe is used to receive the cooling medium output from the outlet pipe of each thermal management unit and input the cooling medium into the inlet pipe of each load liquid cooling passage. The outlet pipe of each load liquid cooling path is used to output the cooling medium to the return liquid main pipe; the inlet pipe of each thermal management unit is used to input the cooling medium from the return liquid main pipe to each thermal management unit.

2. The power supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each load includes an energy storage device, and the plurality of load liquid cooling passages include the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device. The liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device is used for heat exchange with the energy storage device, and the liquid cooling passage of the energy storage device includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. The main supply pipeline includes a first main pipeline, and the main return pipeline includes a second main pipeline; the inlet pipeline of the liquid cooling passage of each energy storage device is used to receive the cooling medium output from the first main pipeline, and the outlet pipeline of the liquid cooling passage of each energy storage device is used to output the cooling medium to the second main pipeline.

3. The power supply system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each load further includes a power conversion device for converting the DC power output by the energy storage device into power; the multiple load liquid cooling paths further include the liquid cooling path of the power conversion device, which is used for heat exchange with the power conversion device, and the liquid cooling path of the power conversion device includes an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. The main liquid supply pipeline also includes a third main pipeline, and the main liquid return pipeline also includes a fourth main pipeline; the liquid inlet pipeline of the liquid cooling passage of each power conversion device is used to receive the cooling medium output from the third main pipeline, and the liquid outlet pipeline of the liquid cooling passage of each power conversion device is used to output the cooling medium to the fourth main pipeline.

4. The power supply system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each load includes a power conversion device for converting the AC power received by the power system; the plurality of load liquid cooling paths are used for heat exchange between the cooling medium and the plurality of loads in a one-to-one manner.

5. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Each thermal management unit is used to cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration or by natural cooling.

6. The power supply system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The load includes a power conversion device. When the overload rate of the power conversion device is greater than a set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to a first set temperature threshold, the number of the multiple thermal management units that cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration is greater than the number of the thermal management units that cool the cooling medium by natural cooling.

7. The power supply system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to the set overload rate threshold, and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the second set temperature threshold, the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration is less than the number of thermal management units that cool the cooling medium by natural cooling, and the second set temperature threshold is greater than the first set temperature threshold.

8. The power supply system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, Some of the multiple thermal management units are used to: output the cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to the set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the second set temperature threshold. Another portion of the multiple thermal management units is used to: output the cooling medium, which has been cooled by natural cooling, to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device is less than or equal to the set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the second set temperature threshold.

9. The power supply system according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, Some of the multiple thermal management units are used to: when the overload rate of the power conversion device is greater than the set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the first set temperature threshold, output the cooling medium cooled by vapor compression refrigeration to the main liquid supply pipeline. Another part of the plurality of thermal management units is used to output the cooling medium, which has been cooled by natural cooling, to the main liquid supply pipeline when the overload rate of the power conversion device is greater than the set overload rate threshold and the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the first set temperature threshold.

10. The power supply system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The load includes an energy storage device. A portion of the plurality of thermal management units is used to cool the cooling medium by vapor compression refrigeration when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to a third set temperature threshold. Another portion of the plurality of thermal management units is used to cool the cooling medium by natural cooling when the ambient temperature is less than or equal to the third set temperature threshold.

11. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The main supply pipeline is a ring pipeline or the main supply pipeline includes a pipe opening; the main return pipeline is a ring pipeline or the main return pipeline includes a pipe opening.

12. A power supply system, characterized in that, The system comprises two power systems as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each load of one power system includes an energy storage device; each load of the other power system includes a power conversion device for converting AC power received by the other power system; the main liquid supply pipe of one power system is connected to the main liquid supply pipe of the other power system, and the main liquid return pipe of one power system is connected to the main liquid return pipe of the other power system.

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