Antenna structure and electronic device comprising same

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas. Provided are an antenna structure and an electronic device comprising same, aiming to alleviate the problem of reduced communication quality and positioning accuracy caused by changes in the relative positions of an antenna structure and a signal transceiving apparatus. The antenna structure provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises a loop radiator, a ground plane, and a tuning circuit. The loop radiator is provided with a first gap, a discontinuity structure, a first grounding terminal, and a second grounding terminal, and is divided into a plurality of elements. The loop radiator is further provided with a feed end. The element where the feed end is located is a main element, and the other elements are parasitic element. The main element is configured to generate a main resonance, and the parasitic elements are configured to generate parasitic resonances. The tuning circuit is coupled between the parasitic elements and the ground plane, and is configured to adjust the frequency relationship between the center frequency of the parasitic resonances and the center frequency of the main resonance and / or the resonance depth relationship therebetween, such that different current distributions are generated on the main element and the parasitic elements, thereby forming different directional pattern states through superposition.

Description

An antenna structure and its electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510126727.2, filed on January 27, 2025, entitled “An Antenna Structure and Electronic Device Thereof”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and its electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, electronic devices with mobile communication functions have been widely used in people's daily lives. The emergence of wearable electronic devices has made it even more convenient for users to carry and use these devices. These wearable electronic devices are equipped with antenna structures capable of receiving and transmitting signals, enabling them to achieve communication and positioning. However, when a user wears these wearable electronic devices, the movement of the user's limbs causes changes in the relative position of the antenna structure and the signal transceiver (e.g., a satellite), thus affecting the communication quality and positioning accuracy of the antenna structure and reducing the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna structure and its electronic device to improve the problem of reduced communication quality and positioning accuracy caused by changes in the relative position of the antenna structure and the signal transceiver device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure, including a ring radiator and a ground plane. The ring radiator is circumferentially arranged around the ground plane, and a gap exists between the ground plane and at least a portion of the ring radiator. The ring radiator has a first slot and a slit structure. The first slot and the slit structure divide the ring radiator into a first part and a second part. The ring radiator also has a first ground terminal and a second ground terminal, the first ground terminal being located on the first part and the second ground terminal being located on the second part. The first part includes a first branch and a second branch, the first branch being located between the first ground terminal and the first slot, and the second branch being located between the first ground terminal and the slit structure. The second part includes a third branch, the third branch being located between the first slot and the second ground terminal. The ring radiator also has a feed terminal, the branch with the feed terminal being a main branch, and the remaining branches being parasitic branches, the main branch being used to couple power to the parasitic branches. For example, the feed terminal is located on the first branch, the first branch being a main branch, and the second and third branches being parasitic branches. The first branch is used to generate at least one primary resonance, the center frequency of which is the primary resonance frequency f0, and the primary resonance frequency f0 has a primary resonance depth a0. At least one of the second and third branches is used to generate at least one parasitic resonance, the center frequency of which is the parasitic resonance frequency f1, and the parasitic resonance frequency f1 has a parasitic resonance depth a1.

[0007] To adapt to application scenarios where the relative positions of the antenna structure and the signal transceiver change, the antenna structure provided in this application embodiment also includes a tuning circuit. The tuning circuit is coupled between the parasitic stub and the ground plane. For example, the tuning circuit is coupled between a second stub and the ground plane, or between a third stub and the ground plane. The tuning circuit is used to control the electrical connection state between the parasitic stub and the ground plane, thereby adjusting the relative magnitudes of the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0, and / or, adjusting the relative magnitudes of the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonant depth a1.

[0008] By controlling the electrical connection between the parasitic stub and the ground plane through a tuning circuit, the relative magnitudes of the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0, or the relative magnitudes of the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonant a1, can be adjusted. For example, the parasitic resonant frequency f1 can be adjusted to be before (i.e., f1 < f0) or after (i.e., f1 > f0) the main resonant frequency f0, as needed. Similarly, the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonant a1 can be adjusted to be closer to or further away from each other, as needed. This can influence the orientation of the antenna structure's radiation pattern, allowing the antenna structure's radiation pattern to face the signal transceiver, adapting to application scenarios where the relative positions of the antenna structure and the signal transceiver change.

[0009] In some embodiments, the ring radiator further includes a third portion. A third slot is formed on the third portion, dividing the third portion to include a fifth stub and a sixth stub. The fifth stub and the second portion form a fourth slot, and the sixth stub and the second stub form a fifth slot. The slotted structure includes the third portion, the fourth slot, and the fifth slot. The first slot, the third stub, the fourth slot, the fifth stub, the third slot, the sixth stub, the fifth slot, the second stub, and the first stub are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. In this case, the ring radiator includes the first slot, the third slot, the fourth slot, the fifth slot, and also the first stub, the second stub, the third stub, the fifth stub, and the sixth stub. Thus, by selecting different stubs to participate in the synthesis of the antenna structure pattern and adjusting the relationship between the main resonant frequency and the parasitic resonant frequency, and the main resonant depth and the parasitic resonant depth, the ring radiator can transmit and receive signals in various different ways.

[0010] In one possible approach, the ring radiator may have only one feed point, for example, located on the first stub. The second, third, fifth, and sixth stubs are all coupled to the first stub and are directly or indirectly parasitic on it. A tuning circuit can control the electrical connection between the second, third, fifth, and sixth stubs and the ground plane to select at least one stub from among them to generate a parasitic resonance. Depending on the number of stubs selected and the relative magnitudes of the resonant frequencies and resonance depths of the parasitic and main resonances, radiation patterns with different orientations can be synthesized. In some examples, because the fifth and sixth stubs are relatively far from the first stub, the coupled feed from the first stub is weak, and their impact on the radiation pattern of the ring radiator is also small; they can be considered not to participate in the synthesis of the radiation pattern. The tuning circuit can control the electrical connection state between the second and third branches and the ground. Similarly, at least one of the second and third branches can be selected to generate parasitic resonance, thereby synthesizing radiation patterns with different orientations.

[0011] In another possible approach, the ring radiator can have multiple feed points, such as a first feed point and a second feed point. The first feed point is, for example, located on a first stub, and the second feed point is, for example, located on a fifth stub. In this case, the antenna structure includes two independently operating antenna elements. The two antenna elements can operate in different frequency bands, thereby extending the operating frequency range of the antenna structure. The second, third, and sixth stubs are fed by coupling from the first and / or fifth stubs. The tuning circuit can control the electrical connection state between the second, third, and sixth stubs and the ground. Similarly, at least one of the second, third, and sixth stubs can be selected to generate parasitic resonances, thereby synthesizing radiation patterns with different orientations. The tuning circuit can also control the electrical connection state between the first and fifth stubs and the feed source, so that at least one of the first and fifth stubs can be selected to generate the main parasitic resonance, thus realizing a dual-band antenna.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the second part further includes a fourth stub. The fourth stub is located between the fourth slot and the second grounding terminal. The first slot, third stub, fourth stub, fourth slot, fifth stub, third slot, sixth stub, fifth slot, second stub, and first stub are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. In this case, the annular radiator includes the first slot, third slot, fourth slot, and fifth slot, as well as the first stub, second stub, third stub, fourth stub, fifth stub, and sixth stub. The feed terminal is, for example, located on the first stub. The second stub, third stub, fifth stub, and sixth stub are all fed by coupling from the first stub, directly or indirectly parasitic on the first stub. The tuning circuit can control the electrical connection state between the second stub, third stub, fifth stub, and sixth stub and the floor. Similarly, at least one of the second stub, third stub, fifth stub, and sixth stub can be selected to generate parasitic resonance, thereby synthesizing radiation patterns with different orientations.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second part further includes a fourth stub, and the slit structure includes a second gap. The fourth stub is located between the second gap and the second grounding terminal. The first gap, first stub, second stub, second gap, fourth stub, and third stub are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. In this case, the annular radiator includes the first gap and the second gap, and also includes the first stub, the second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub. The feed terminal is, for example, located on the first stub. The second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub are all fed by coupling from the first stub and are directly or indirectly parasitic on the first stub. The tuning circuit can control the electrical connection state between the first stub, the second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub and the floor. Similarly, at least one of the second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub can be selected to generate parasitic resonance, and the relationship between the main resonant frequency and the parasitic resonant frequency, and the main resonant depth and the parasitic resonant depth can be adjusted to synthesize radiation patterns with different orientations.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first and second stubs are connected, and the third and fourth stubs are connected. In this case, because the first stub is located between the first grounding terminal and the first slot, and the second stub is located between the first grounding terminal and the slot structure, the first and second stubs can share the same grounding at the first grounding terminal. Because the third stub is located between the first slot and the second grounding terminal, and the fourth stub is located between the second slot and the second grounding terminal, the third and fourth stubs can share the same grounding at the second grounding terminal. This reduces the number of grounding terminals, simplifies the antenna structure, and lowers manufacturing costs.

[0015] In some embodiments, the length of the first branch is a first length L1, the physical length of the second branch is a second length L2, the physical length of the third branch is a third length L3, and the physical length of the fourth branch is a fourth length L4. The maximum length Lmax and the minimum length Lmin among the first length L1, second length L2, third length L3, and fourth length L4 are defined, with Lmax / Lmin < 3. In this case, the ratio of the physical length of the longest branch to the shortest branch in the branches that generate the main resonance and parasitic resonance is less than 3, and it can be considered that the physical lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch in the ring radiator are close. Furthermore, the close physical lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch in the ring radiator can enhance the effect of coupling power from the main branch to the parasitic branch.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first, second, third, and fourth branches have the same physical length. This enhances the coupling power supply effect from the main branch to the parasitic branch.

[0017] In some embodiments, the tuning circuit includes a first tuning branch. The first tuning branch is coupled between a second stub and a ground plane. The first tuning branch has a first switching state and a second switching state to control the electrical connection state between the second stub and the ground plane. In the first switching state, the second stub is in an active state and is used to generate a first parasitic resonance. In the second switching state, the second stub is in an inactive state. The center frequency of the first parasitic resonance is a first parasitic resonance frequency f11, and the first parasitic resonance frequency f11 has a first parasitic resonance depth a11. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the first parasitic resonance frequency f11.

[0018] In some embodiments, the tuning circuit further includes a second tuning branch. The second tuning branch is coupled between the third stub and the ground plane. The second tuning branch has a third switching state and a fourth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the third stub and the ground plane. In the third switching state, the third stub is in an active state and is used to generate the second parasitic resonance. In the fourth switching state, the third stub is in an inactive state. The center frequency of the second parasitic resonance is a second parasitic resonance frequency f12, and the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 has a second parasitic resonance depth a12. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the second parasitic resonance frequency f12.

[0019] In some embodiments, the end of the third branch away from the second ground terminal is disconnected from the ground, and the third branch is in an operational state. The third branch is used to generate a second parasitic resonance, the center frequency of which is a second parasitic resonance frequency f12, and the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 has a second parasitic resonance depth a12. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the second parasitic resonance frequency f12. The disconnected state is a special electrical connection state, where the end of the third branch away from the second ground terminal is open-circuited to the ground. In some examples, the disconnected state can be achieved by a tuning circuit. For example, the tuning element in the second tuning branch controls the disconnection between the third branch and the ground. In other examples, the disconnected state can also be achieved without any devices. For example, no devices are connected to the end of the third branch away from the second ground terminal.

[0020] In some embodiments, the tuning circuit further includes a third tuning branch. The third tuning branch is coupled between the fourth stub and the ground plane. The third tuning branch has a fifth switching state and a sixth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the fourth stub and the ground plane. In the fifth switching state, the fourth stub is in an active state and is used to generate a third parasitic resonance. In the sixth switching state, the fourth stub is in an inactive state. The center frequency of the third parasitic resonance is a third parasitic resonance frequency f13, and the third parasitic resonance frequency f13 has a third parasitic resonance depth a13. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the third parasitic resonance frequency f13.

[0021] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a matching circuit. The matching circuit is used to couple between the feed terminal and the feed source. In this way, the matching circuit can help the antenna structure achieve impedance matching, reducing reflections and losses during signal transmission.

[0022] In some embodiments, the matching circuit further includes a first filter circuit. The first filter circuit is coupled between the first stub and the ground plane. The first stub is used to generate a first main resonance and a second main resonance. The center frequency of the first main resonance is the first main resonance frequency f01, and the center frequency of the second main resonance is the second main resonance frequency f02. The main resonance frequency f0 includes both the first main resonance frequency f01 and the second main resonance frequency f02. In this way, the first filter circuit can include branch circuits such as capacitors and inductors connected in series or in parallel, thereby combining with the first stub to realize multiple current paths, enabling the first stub to generate multiple main resonances, and thus allowing the ring radiator to operate in multiple frequency bands, such as the frequency band containing the first main resonance frequency f01 and the frequency band containing the second main resonance frequency f02.

[0023] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes a second filter circuit. The second filter circuit is coupled between the second stub and the ground plane. The second stub is used to generate a first parasitic resonator resonance and a second parasitic resonator resonance. The center frequency of the first parasitic resonator resonance is a first parasitic resonator frequency f111. The first parasitic resonator frequency f111 includes both the first parasitic resonator frequency f111 and the second parasitic resonator frequency f112. Similarly, the second filter circuit can cause the second stub to generate multiple parasitic resonances, thereby synthesizing radiation patterns with different orientations.

[0024] In some embodiments, the maximum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0max, and the minimum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0min. When the first tuning branch is in the first switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f11<1.33×f0max; when the first tuning branch is in the second switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f11 or f11<1.33×f0max. And / or, when the second tuning branch is in the third switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f12<1.33×f0max; when the second tuning branch is in the fourth switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f12 or f12<1.33×f0max. And / or, when the third tuning branch is in the fifth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f13<1.33×f0max; when the third tuning branch is in the sixth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f13 or f13<1.33×f0max. When the first parasitic resonant frequency f11, and / or the second parasitic resonant frequency f12, and / or the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies the above relationship, the second branch, and / or the third branch, and / or the fourth branch are in the working state, working together with the first branch to synthesize radiation patterns in different orientations. Otherwise, the second branch, and / or the third branch, and / or the fourth branch are in the non-working state.

[0025] In one possible approach, the first branch can generate only one main resonance, the center frequency of which is the main resonance frequency f0. In this case, f0max = f0min = f0.

[0026] In another possible approach, the first branch can generate two principal resonances, namely the first principal resonance and the second principal resonance. The center frequency of the first principal resonance is the first principal resonance frequency f01, and the center frequency of the second principal resonance is the second principal resonance frequency f02, where f01 < f02. In this case, f0max = f02, and f0min = f01.

[0027] In some embodiments, when the second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub are all in the working state, the annular radiator is in the first state, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0, 0.75×f12 < f13 < f12. And / or, when the second stub, the third stub, and the fourth stub are all in the working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0, 0.75×f12 < f13 < f12. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub and the fourth stub are both in the non-working state, the annular radiator is in the third state, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0. In this way, according to the magnitude relationship of the first parasitic resonance frequency f11, the second parasitic resonance frequency f12, the third parasitic resonance frequency f13, and the main resonance frequency f0 being different, the annular radiator can be in the first state, the second state, and / or the third state. And when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0028] In some embodiments, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub and the fourth stub are both in the non-working state, the annular radiator is in the third state, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0, |a0 - a12| > 3dB. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub and the fourth stub are both in the non-working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0; a0 < -6dB and a12 < -6dB, and / or, |a0 - a12| < 3dB. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub and the fourth stub are both in the non-working state, the annular radiator is in the fifth state, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0; a0 < -6dB and a12 < -6dB, and / or, |a0 - a12| < 3dB. In this way, according to the magnitude relationship of the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 and the main resonance frequency f0 being different, and the magnitude relationship of the second parasitic resonance depth a12 and the main resonance depth a0 being different, the annular radiator can be in the third state, the fourth state, and / or the fifth state. Similarly, when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0029] In some embodiments, when the second stub is in the working state and the third and fourth stubs are both in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, where 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0 and |a0 - a11| > 3 dB. And / or, when the second stub is in the working state and the third and fourth stubs are both in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fifth state, where f0 < f11 < 1.33×f0; a0 < - 6 dB and a11 < - 6 dB, and / or, |a0 - a11| < 3 dB. And / or, when the second stub is in the working state and the third and fourth stubs are both in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the sixth state, where 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0; a0 < - 6 dB and a11 < - 6 dB, and / or, |a0 - a11| < 3 dB. In this way, according to the different magnitude relationships between the first parasitic resonance frequency f11 and the main resonance frequency f0, and the different magnitude relationships between the first parasitic resonance depth a11 and the main resonance depth a0, the annular radiator can be in the second state, the fifth state, and / or the sixth state. Similarly, when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0030] In some embodiments, when the second stub is in the working state and the third stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, where 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0. And / or, when the second stub is in the working state and the third stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, where f0 < f11 < 1.33×f0. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the seventh state, where f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. In this way, according to the different magnitude relationships between the first parasitic resonance frequency f11 and the main resonance frequency f0, or the different magnitude relationships between the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 and the main resonance frequency f0, the annular radiator can be in the second state, the fourth state, and the seventh state. Similarly, when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0031] In some embodiments, when the second stub is in the working state and the third stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, where 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, where f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. And / or, when both the second stub and the third stub are in the working state, the annular radiator is in the seventh state, where 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. In this way, according to the different magnitude relationships between the first parasitic resonance frequency f11, the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 and the main resonance frequency f0, the annular radiator can be in the second state, the fourth state and / or the seventh state. Similarly, when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0032] In some embodiments, the tuning circuit further includes a fourth tuning branch. The fourth tuning branch is coupled between the first grounding end and the floor. The fourth tuning branch has a seventh switching state and an eighth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the first grounding end and the floor. The fourth tuning branch is configured to couple the first grounding end to the floor in the seventh switching state, so that the first stub and the second stub work independently. The fourth tuning branch is configured to couple the first grounding end to the floor in the eighth switching state, so that the first stub and the second stub work cooperatively. In this way, the fourth tuning branch can control whether the first grounding end is grounded. In some examples, the first stub and the second stub are connected. Disconnecting the electrical connection between the first grounding end and the floor by the fourth tuning circuit can be regarded as the physical length of the main stub being equivalent to the sum of the physical lengths of the original first stub and the second stub. In other examples, the first stub and the second stub are arranged at intervals. Disconnecting the electrical connection between the first grounding end and the floor by the fourth tuning circuit can change the way the first stub couples and feeds power to the second stub.

[0033] In some embodiments, when the second stub, the third stub and the fourth stub are all in the working state, the annular radiator is in the first state, where f01 < f02. And / or, when the second stub and the third stub are in the working state and the fourth stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, where f01 < f02, 0.75×f01 < f11 < f01, f02 < f12 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f12 < f3 < f12. In this way, the first stub is connected to the first filtering circuit, and two different frequencies, namely the first main resonance and the second main resonance, can be generated. In the first state, the pattern of the antenna structure faces the vertical direction. In the second state, according to the different magnitude relationships between the first parasitic resonance frequency f11, the second parasitic resonance frequency f12, the third parasitic resonance frequency f13 and the second main resonance frequency f02, the pattern of the antenna structure faces a horizontal direction.

[0034] In some embodiments, when the second stub is in the working state and the third stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, where 0.75×f01 < f111 < f01 < 0.75×f02 < f112 < f02. And / or, when the second stub is in the working state and the third stub is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, where f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02. And / or, when the third stub is in the working state and the second stub is in the working state, the annular radiator is in the seventh state, where f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f01 < f12 < f01 < f02. In this way, the first stub can generate two different frequencies, namely the first main resonance and the second main resonance. In the second state, the second stub is connected to the second filter circuit and can generate the first parasitic sub - resonance and the second parasitic sub - resonance. According to the different magnitude relationships between the main resonance frequencies and the parasitic resonance frequencies, the annular radiator can be in the second state, the fourth state, and / or the seventh state. Similarly, when the annular radiator is in the above three states, the orientation of the antenna structure pattern can be different.

[0035] In the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes: a housing, and an antenna structure as provided in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application. Among them, the antenna structure is disposed on the housing. For example, the antenna structure is disposed inside the housing, such as in a cavity inside the housing. For example, the antenna structure is disposed on the housing, such as the housing is reused as the carrier board of the antenna structure. For example, a part of the antenna structure is the housing, such as a part of the housing is reused as the antenna structure.

[0036] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a smart watch with a dial pattern. The annular radiator of the antenna structure serves as at least a part of the housing. This electronic device has the same technical effects as the antenna structure provided in the foregoing embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0037] In some embodiments, the slit structure includes a second slit, and the second part further includes a fourth stub. The fourth stub is located between the second slit and the second grounding end. The first slit, the first stub, the second stub, the second slit, the fourth stub, and the third stub are arranged in sequence and circumferentially disposed around the ground plane. The vertical projection of the first slit on the dial pattern is located between the 4 - o'clock position and the 5 - o'clock position of the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slit on the dial pattern is located between the 10 - o'clock position and the 11 - o'clock position of the dial pattern.

[0038] In some embodiments, the annular radiator further includes a third portion. A third slit is formed on the third portion, dividing the third portion to include a fifth branch and a sixth branch. The fifth branch and the second portion form a fourth slit, and the sixth branch and the second branch form a fifth slit. The fracture structure includes the third portion, the fourth slit, and the fifth slit. The first slit, the third branch, the fourth slit, the fifth branch, the sixth slit, the fifth slit, the second branch, and the first branch are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. The vertical projection of the first slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 8 o'clock position, the vertical projection of the third slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 10 o'clock position, the vertical projection of the fourth slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 2 o'clock position, and the vertical projection of the fifth slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 4 o'clock position.

[0039] In some embodiments, the annular radiator further includes a third portion, and the second portion further includes a fourth branch. A third slit is formed on the third portion, dividing the third portion to include a fifth branch and a sixth branch. The fifth branch and the second portion form the fourth slit, and the sixth branch and the second branch form the fifth slit. The fracture structure includes the third portion, the fourth slit, and the fifth slit, with the fourth branch located between the second slit and the second grounding end. The first slit, the third branch, the fourth slit, the fifth branch, the third slit, the sixth slit, the fifth slit, the second branch, and the first branch are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. The vertical projection of the first slit onto the dial pattern is located between the 7 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions; the vertical projection of the third slit onto the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions; the vertical projection of the fourth slit onto the dial pattern is located between the 1 o'clock and 2 o'clock positions; and the vertical projection of the fifth slit onto the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock positions.

[0040] When the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth slits are arranged as described above, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh states can be positioned in specific directions to meet the specific usage scenarios of the electronic device. For example, in the first state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces a vertical direction, perpendicular to the dial pattern. In the second state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces a first horizontal direction, pointing to the 6 o'clock position on the dial pattern. In the third state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces both the second and third horizontal directions, with the second horizontal direction pointing to the 9 o'clock position and the third horizontal direction pointing to the 3 o'clock position on the dial pattern. In the fourth state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces the second horizontal direction. In the fifth state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces the third horizontal direction. In the sixth state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces the fourth horizontal direction, pointing to the 8 o'clock position on the dial pattern. In the seventh state, the ring radiator's radiation pattern faces both the vertical and third horizontal directions. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the frame of the electronic device is made of metal material;

[0044] Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the frame of the electronic device is made of non-metallic material;

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna structure includes a first slot and a second slot.

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna structure includes a tuning circuit.

[0047] Figure 6A shows a return loss curve for one type of antenna structure in Figure 5.

[0048] Figure 6B shows another return loss curve for the antenna structure in Figure 5.

[0049] Figure 6C shows another return loss curve for the antenna structure in Figure 5.

[0050] Figure 7(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 6A;

[0051] Figure 7(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 6B.

[0052] Figure 7(C) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 6C;

[0053] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the slotted structure includes a second slot;

[0054] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The slotted structure includes a third part, a fourth slot, and a fifth slot.

[0055] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna structure also includes a fourth branch.

[0056] Figure 11(A) is a schematic diagram of a scenario where a user is wearing a watch and holding their wrist out horizontally;

[0057] Figure 11(B) is a schematic diagram of a user wearing a watch while running or walking;

[0058] Figure 11(C) is a schematic diagram of a scenario where a user is wearing a watch and walking with their arms hanging down.

[0059] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Region ① is connected to a single-pole double-throw switch, and the end of the third branch away from the second grounding terminal is open-circuited.

[0060] Figure 13(A) shows the gain pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 12 under one state;

[0061] Figure 13(B) shows the gain pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 12 under another state;

[0062] Figure 13(C) shows the gain pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 12 under another state;

[0063] Figure 14A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 14B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 14C is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 15(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 14A;

[0067] Figure 15(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 14B.

[0068] Figure 15(C) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 14C.

[0069] Figure 16A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 16B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 16C is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 17(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 16A;

[0073] Figure 17(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 16B.

[0074] Figure 17(C) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 16C;

[0075] Figure 18A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 18B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 18C is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 19(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 18A;

[0079] Figure 19(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 18B.

[0080] Figure 19(C) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 18C.

[0081] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 21A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 21B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 21C is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 22(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 21A;

[0086] Figure 22(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 21B;

[0087] Figure 22(C) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 21C;

[0088] Figure 23A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 23B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 23C is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a first filter circuit and a second filter circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 26A is a return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0094] Figure 26B is another return loss curve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0095] Figure 27(A) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 26A;

[0096] Figure 27(B) is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the antenna structure corresponding to the return loss curve in Figure 26B. Detailed Implementation

[0097] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0098] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0099] The terms collinearity, symmetry (e.g., axial symmetry, or central symmetry), parallelism, perpendicularity, orthogonality, and similarity (e.g., same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all relative to the current technological level, and not absolute and strict mathematical definitions. Collinearity of three elements can be understood as the line connecting two elements, or its extension, intersecting with another element, or the closest distance to another element being approximately 2mm. In some embodiments, collinear elements may include, for example, structural components that realize a "feed terminal" or "ground terminal," such as protruding structures, springs, or spring clips on the inner surface of a conductive frame. A predetermined angular deviation may exist between two mutually parallel or perpendicular components. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold may be less than or equal to a threshold of 1mm, for example, the predetermined threshold may be 0.5mm or 0.1mm. In some embodiments, the predetermined angle may be an angle within the range of ±10°, for example, a predetermined angular deviation of ±5°.

[0100] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integral part; or, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "coupling" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "coupling" can be a direct electrical connection, such as physical contact and electrical conduction between two components; it can also be understood as an electrical connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB), to transmit electrical signals; or, "coupling" can be an indirect electrical connection between two components through an intermediate medium; or, "coupling" can be an electrical connection between two components in a non-contact manner, such as an electrical connection between two components using capacitive coupling to transmit electrical signals.

[0101] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components are placed in the accompanying drawings.

[0102] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, components are indicated by arrowed guide lines; parts are indicated by guide lines only.

[0103] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices employing one or more of the following communication technologies. These communication protocols may include: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The electronic devices in this application can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart glasses, smart helmets), virtual reality (VR) electronic devices, augmented reality (AR) electronic devices, etc. The electronic devices can also be handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices, other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc. This application does not limit these categories.

[0104] For ease of explanation, the following illustration uses a smartwatch as an example of the electronic device 01 shown in Figure 1. For example, the electronic device 01 may include a display screen 10, a bezel 11, and a rear cover 12. The display screen 10 may be disposed within the bezel 11, with the display surface of the display screen 10 located on the side opposite to the rear cover 12. The bezel 11 may be arranged around the circumference of the display screen 10. The display screen 10 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, or a micro (or mini) light-emitting diode (LED) display.

[0105] To protect the display screen 10, the electronic device 01 may further include a cover 13 covering the display surface of the display screen 10. The cover 13 may be made of a transparent material. This application does not limit the shape of the display screen 10; for example, the display surface of the display screen 10 may be circular or rectangular. The outline shapes of the cover 13, the bezel 11, and the rear shell 12 may match the outline shape of the display screen 10. For ease of explanation, the following description assumes that the outline shapes of the display screen 10, the cover 13, the bezel 11, and the rear shell 12 are circular.

[0106] Furthermore, the aforementioned electronic device 01 may also include a circuit board 14, as shown in FIG1, such as a printed circuit board (PCB). In the thickness direction (z-direction in FIG1), the circuit board 14 and the frame 11 are at least partially offset. For example, the frame 11 may be positioned close to the cover plate 13 relative to the circuit board 14, i.e., the frame 11 may be located above the circuit board 14, thereby increasing the distance between the circuit board 14 and the frame 11. When at least a portion of the frame 11 serves as a radiator for transmitting and receiving signals, the radiation clearance of the radiator can be increased. The thickness direction (z-direction in FIG1) may be the direction from the rear cover 12 to the cover plate 13.

[0107] Based on this, the aforementioned electronic device 01 may further include components such as a battery, processor, sensor, microphone, and speaker. In some embodiments of this application, the circuit board 14, battery, processor, sensor, microphone, and speaker may be disposed between the display screen 10 and the back cover 12. The aforementioned frame 11 can provide support for the entire electronic device 01. In some embodiments of this application, the cover plate 13 and the back cover 12 respectively cover the upper and lower edges of the frame 11 to form the outer shell or housing of the electronic device 01. Alternatively, the frame 11 and the back cover 12 may be connected as a single integral part, and the cover plate 13 may be connected to the aforementioned single integral part to form the outer shell or housing of the electronic device 01. It should be understood that "outer shell or housing" may be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 13, the back cover 12, or the frame 11, or to any combination of the cover plate 13, the back cover 12, or the frame 11.

[0108] For example, the border 11 in Figure 1 may include a conductive material. This conductive material is, for example, a metallic material. Alternatively, as another example, the border 11 in Figure 1 may include both conductive and non-conductive materials. This non-conductive material is, for example, an insulating material, such as plastic, glass, etc.

[0109] For example, the material of the back cover 12 in Figure 1 may include a non-conductive material. Alternatively, for another example, the back cover 12 may include both conductive and non-conductive materials. After the frame 11 is connected to the back cover 12, the portion of the frame 11 made of conductive material and the portion of the back cover 12 made of conductive material may be insulated from each other.

[0110] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, the display surface of the display screen 10 is used to display a dial pattern 200. The dial pattern 200 includes positions at 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, and 12 o'clock. It should be understood that the above-mentioned "positions" refer to the position area composed of all positions with a deviation of less than 15° from the given position. For ease of explanation, an xyz coordinate axis is established in FIG2. The xy plane is parallel to the plane of the circuit board 14, the x direction points to the 3 o'clock direction of the dial, the y direction points to the 12 o'clock direction of the dial, and the z direction is perpendicular to the plane of the display screen 10. The z direction is called the vertical direction z, the x direction is called the first horizontal direction x, and the y direction is called the second horizontal direction y. The coordinate system definitions in subsequent figures are similar and will not be repeated.

[0111] Based on this, in some embodiments of this application, the above-mentioned electronic device 01 further includes an antenna structure 20 as shown in FIG. 3A. The antenna structure 20 may include a ring radiator 201, on which a feed terminal F and a ground terminal are disposed. The feed terminal F is used to connect to a feed source. The antenna structure also includes a ground plane 202, and a gap is provided between the ground plane 202 and at least a portion of the ring radiator 201. The ground terminal is used to connect to the ground plane 202, for example, a first ground terminal G1.

[0112] This application does not limit the operating scenario of the antenna structure. For ease of explanation of the radiation pattern orientation, the antenna structure is described using a watch face as a reference. In this application, "antenna" and "antenna structure" refer to the same concept. "Antenna" focuses on describing the electromagnetic performance of the antenna structure, while "antenna structure" focuses on describing the mechanical performance of the antenna. The mechanical-electromagnetic field coupling of the antenna determines that its electromagnetic performance is closely related to its mechanical structure. The radiator is the device in the antenna structure used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly understood as the radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via the feed line.

[0113] This application does not limit the arrangement of the ring radiator 201. For ease of explanation, the following description uses the example of the metal conductive portion of the frame 11 shown in Figure 1 being arranged around the display screen 10 to form the ring radiator 201 shown in Figure 3A. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3A, the frame 11 is made of metal, and at least a portion of the frame 11 is reused as the ring radiator 201. For example, the frame 11 is reused as a ring radiator. Another example is that one or more portions of the frame 11 are reused as a ring radiator. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3B, the frame 11 is made of non-metallic material, and the ring radiator 201 is disposed inside the frame 11. For example, the ring radiator 201 is in the form of a patch antenna, attached to the inner side of the frame 11. For example, the outline shape of the ring radiator 201 can be a circular ring as shown in Figure 3A, or it can also be a rectangular ring or a polygonal ring; this application does not limit this. For ease of explanation, the following description uses a circular ring as an example of the ring radiator 201.

[0114] In this application embodiment, "ground 202" can refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within the electronic device 01 (e.g., a smartwatch), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. Ground 202 may include one or more of the following: a grounding layer of the circuit board 14 of the electronic device 01, a grounding metal layer formed by a metal film beneath the display screen 10, a conductive grounding layer of the battery, and conductive or metallic components, such as flexible circuit boards, electrically connected to the aforementioned grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers. Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will understand that the grounding layer / grounding plate / grounding metal layer may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0115] Here, grounding refers to coupling with the aforementioned floor 202 (or ground) in any way. In some embodiments, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a partial structural component of the ring radiator 201 to achieve physical grounding at a specific location on the ring radiator 201 (or, physical ground). In some embodiments, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices such as capacitors / inductors / resistors connected in series or parallel (or, device ground). The aforementioned series or parallel capacitors / inductors / resistors can be referred to as an impedance network, which can perform at least one of impedance matching and filtering for the antenna.

[0116] In this application, the capacitor can be understood as lumped capacitance and / or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance refers to a capacitive component, such as a capacitor element; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive components separated by a certain gap. The inductor can be understood as lumped inductance and / or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance refers to an inductive component, such as an inductor element; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed through a conductive component of a certain length, such as the equivalent inductance formed by a conductor due to bending or rotation.

[0117] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 may include a circuit board 14. Specifically, it may include a metal layer in the circuit board 14. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 may also include a battery. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 may also include metal devices such as flexible circuit boards. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 may be composed of the circuit board 14, the battery, and the flexible circuit board. It should be understood that the floor 202 may have an irregular shape. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 (e.g., including the circuit board 14) may have a generally L-shaped structure. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the floor 202 may have a generally I-shaped or U-shaped structure. An irregularly shaped floor 202 can provide space for placing other structural components and / or components inside the electronic device 01. In some embodiments, the floor 202 may also have a generally circular, square, or rectangular structure, thereby facilitating the grounding of structural components and / or components inside the electronic device.

[0118] In one implementation, the circuit board 14 can be a PCB, for example, the circuit board 14 can be an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as glass fiber, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, the trace layer and the ground layer being electrically connected through vias. For example, the ground plane 202 can be formed by photolithography (MASK) on a metal layer on the surface of any one of the dielectric substrates in the circuit board 14. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of this application, a metal layer can be provided on the side of the circuit board 14 shown in FIG. 1 near the display screen 10, so that the metal layer serves as the ground plane 202 shown in FIG. 3A. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the edge of the circuit board 14 can be regarded as the edge of its ground plane 202.

[0119] In this embodiment, the feed terminal F and the ground terminal can be considered as a segment of the radiator coupled to the ring radiator 201, the feed circuit (not shown in the figure), and the ground plane 202. The term "terminal" in this embodiment should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators; it can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In some embodiments, "terminal" may include a coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, the feed terminal may be a connection region on the antenna radiator coupled to or connected to a portion of the feed circuit (e.g., a region facing a portion of the feed circuit).

[0120] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the antenna structure may further include a first slot D1 and a second slot D2. The first slot D1, the second slot D2, and the first ground terminal G1 divide the annular radiator 201 to include a first stub 2011, a second stub 2012, and a third stub 2013. The feed terminal F is disposed on the first stub 2011. The first stub 2011 is the main stub, and the second stub 2012 and the third stub 2013 are parasitic stubs. The first ground terminal G1 is located near the second stub 2012 and the first stub 2011, and the second stub 2012 is parasitic on the first stub 2011 through the first ground terminal G1. The first slot D1 is located near the third stub 2013 and the first stub 2011, and the third stub 2013 is parasitic on the first stub 2011 through the first slot D1.

[0121] In this context, a main branch refers to a branch from which the signal directly originates from the feed source, while a parasitic branch refers to a branch from which the signal is coupled with other branches. Parasitic branches can help the main branch achieve ideal bandwidth, beamforming, or efficiency. In one embodiment, a second branch 2012 is magnetically parasitic on a first branch 2011. Magnetic parasitism means that the parasitic branch and the main branch generate magnetic field coupling, and the main branch supplies power to the parasitic branch through this magnetic field coupling. For example, magnetic parasitism can be simply understood as the main branch and the parasitic branch's proximal ends being coupled parasitically through a common ground. In one embodiment, a third branch 2013 is electrically parasitic on a first branch 2011. Electrical parasitism means that the parasitic branch and the main branch generate electric field coupling, and the main branch supplies power to the parasitic branch through this electric field coupling. For example, electrical parasitism can be simply understood as the main branch's proximal end and the parasitic branch's proximal end being fed through a gap coupling. In some embodiments, there is both electric and magnetic field coupling between the main branch and the parasitic branch.

[0122] It is understood that "proximity end" refers to the structurally adjacent ends of two branches or radiators. For example, a first grounding terminal G1 divides the annular radiator 201 to include a first branch 2011 and a second branch 2012. The end of the first branch 2011 near the first grounding terminal G1 and the end of the second branch 2012 near the first grounding terminal G1 are proximity ends. For example, a second gap D2 divides the annular radiator 201 to include a first branch 2011 and a third branch 2013. The end of the first branch 2011 near the second gap D2 and the end of the third branch 2013 near the second gap D2 are proximity ends. In some embodiments, the annular radiator is composed of a first branch and a second branch. The first gap, the first branch, the second gap, and the second branch are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. Therefore, the ends of the first branch near the first gap and the second branch near the first gap are proximity ends, and the ends of the first branch near the second gap and the second branch near the second gap are also proximity ends.

[0123] It is understandable that parasitic coupling via a common ground can be implemented in various ways. For example, parasitic coupling via a common ground could involve connecting the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 into a single unit and grounding at the connection point. Alternatively, parasitic coupling via a common ground could involve connecting the proximal ends of the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 via a wire and grounding them. Another example is parasitic coupling via a common ground could involve grounding the proximal ends of the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 separately.

[0124] This application embodiment does not limit the number of branches included in the annular radiator 201, but the annular radiator includes at least two branches. For example, the annular radiator includes one main branch and one parasitic branch. As shown in Figure 4, the main branch is, for example, the first branch 2011, and the parasitic branch is, for example, the second branch 2012 or the third branch 2013. For example, the annular radiator includes one main branch and two parasitic branches. As shown in Figure 4, the main branch is, for example, the first branch 2011, and the parasitic branches are, for example, the second branch 2012 and the third branch 2013. For example, the annular radiator includes one main branch and three parasitic branches. Continuing as shown in Figure 4, the antenna structure may also include a second ground terminal G2, and dividing the annular radiator 201 further includes a fourth branch 2014. The fourth branch 2014 is parasitic on the third branch 2013 and indirectly parasitic on the first branch 2011.

[0125] In this embodiment, the main branch (first branch 2011) is used to generate the main resonance, and the center frequency of the main resonance is the main resonance frequency f0. At least one of the parasitic branches (second branch 2012, third branch 2013 and fourth branch 2014) is used to generate the parasitic resonance, and the center frequency of the parasitic resonance is the parasitic resonance frequency f1.

[0126] Based on this, an excitation is applied to the feed terminal F. Depending on the magnitude and direction of the current on the main stub and parasitic stub, the orientation of the antenna pattern varies. The antenna pattern is also called the radiation pattern. An antenna pattern is a graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field at a certain distance from the antenna, varying with direction. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar antenna patterns passing through the antenna's maximum radiation direction. Antenna patterns typically have multiple radiation beams. The radiation beam with the highest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe. The direction of the main lobe is also the "direction of the pattern" and "maximum radiation direction" in the embodiments of this application. A pattern that can only point in a specific direction is called a "fixed beam pattern."

[0127] Understandably, when the antenna pattern points towards the signal source, the antenna can concentrate energy in that direction, thereby maximizing signal strength, ensuring stable signal transmission, reducing signal attenuation and distortion, and improving overall communication quality. However, when the antenna pattern can only point in a specific direction, electronic devices equipped with that antenna cannot adapt to application scenarios with frequently changing operating environments.

[0128] To ensure the antenna pattern can adapt to frequent changes in the operating environment of electronic devices, as shown in Figure 5, the antenna structure also includes a tuning circuit 203. The tuning circuit 203 is coupled between the ring radiator 201 and the ground plane 202. The tuning circuit 203 controls the electrical connection between at least one branch of the ring radiator 201 and the ground plane 202, thereby adjusting the relative magnitude of the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0, and / or, adjusting the relative magnitude of the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonant depth a1.

[0129] For example, the parasitic resonant frequency f1 can be adjusted to be before the main resonant frequency f0 (i.e., f1 < f0), or after the main resonant frequency f0 (i.e., f1 > f0). As another example, the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonance a1 can be adjusted to be close (i.e., a0 < -6dB and a1 < -6dB, or |a0 - a1| < 3dB), or the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonance a1 can be far apart (i.e., |a0 - a1| > 3dB).

[0130] This application does not limit the operating frequency band of the antenna structure. The operating frequency band of the antenna structure can be adjusted by adjusting the electrical length of the main branch. For ease of explanation, this application will use an example where the antenna structure operates in at least one of the GPS L1 band (1575.42MHz ± 1.023MHz) or L5 band (1176.45MHz ± 1.023MHz).

[0131] Resonance can be understood as the phenomenon where an antenna resonates with electromagnetic waves within a specific frequency range. For example, when the frequency of an external electromagnetic wave matches the antenna's natural frequency, the antenna absorbs more electromagnetic energy and converts it into current or voltage. Within this frequency range, the antenna's absorption and radiation efficiency, as well as its energy conversion efficiency, are at their highest. This specific frequency range is also called the resonant frequency band. The strongest point of resonance within the resonant frequency band is the center frequency of the resonance. The resonant frequency band of the main branch is the operating frequency band.

[0132] The resonant frequency and resonance depth are reflected in the antenna's return loss curve. The horizontal axis of the return loss curve represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents the return loss value. From the return loss curve, we can deduce the variation in return loss of the antenna structure within a frequency range. Within the frequency band where the antenna structure resonates, the return loss curve dips downwards; therefore, the return loss value is also called the resonance depth. Observing the return loss curve can also help us understand the resonant characteristics of the antenna structure.

[0133] Return loss can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency. Return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is typically negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates lower antenna return loss and higher radiation efficiency; a larger S11 parameter indicates higher antenna return loss and lower radiation efficiency.

[0134] In some embodiments, the relationship between the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0 determines the relationship between the current phase of the parasitic stub and the current phase of the main stub. The relationship between the parasitic resonant depth a1 and the main resonant depth a0 determines the relationship between the current amplitude of the parasitic stub and the current amplitude of the main stub. When the current amplitudes of the parasitic stub and the main stub are equal and their phases are opposite, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure faces the vertical direction. The vertical direction is perpendicular to the toroidal surface of the ring radiator. When the current amplitudes of the parasitic stub and the main stub are unequal and their phases are the same, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure faces the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction is parallel to the toroidal surface of the ring radiator.

[0135] In this way, by controlling the electrical connection between the parasitic stub and the ground plane through the tuning circuit, the relative position of the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0 can be adjusted, thereby regulating the different current distributions in the parasitic stub and the main stub. Superimposing the radiation patterns of the main stub and the parasitic stub allows for the synthesis of radiation patterns with different orientations, enabling the antenna structure's radiation pattern to face the signal transceiver, adapting to application scenarios where the relative position of the antenna structure and the signal transceiver changes.

[0136] The embodiments of this application do not limit the position of the tuning circuit on the branch. For ease of explanation, the drawings illustrate the connection between the tuning circuit and the end of the branch as an example. The embodiments of this application do not limit the number of tuning branches of the tuning circuit 203 coupled between the annular radiator 201 and the floor 202. In some embodiments of this application, as shown in Figure 5, the following description will use the example that the tuning circuit 203 may include: a first tuning branch 2031, a second tuning branch 2032, and a third tuning branch 2033.

[0137] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, a first tuning branch 2031 is coupled between a second stub 2012 and a floor 202. The first tuning branch 2031 has a first switching state and a second switching state to control the electrical connection state between the second stub 2012 and the floor 202. For example, in the first switching state, the second stub 2012 is in an active state and is used to generate a first parasitic resonance. In the second switching state, the second stub 2012 is in a non-active state. The center frequency of the first parasitic resonance is a first parasitic resonance frequency f11, and the first parasitic resonance frequency f11 has a first parasitic resonance depth a11. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the first parasitic resonance frequency f11.

[0138] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, a second tuning branch 2032 is coupled between a third stub 2013 and a floor 202. The second tuning branch 2032 has a third switching state and a fourth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the third stub 2013 and the floor 202. For example, in the third switching state, the third stub 2013 is in an active state and is used to generate a second parasitic resonance. In the fourth switching state, the third stub 2013 is in an inactive state. The center frequency of the second parasitic resonance is a second parasitic resonance frequency f12, and the second parasitic resonance frequency f1 has a second parasitic resonance depth a12. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the second parasitic resonance frequency f12.

[0139] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, a third tuning branch 2033 is coupled between a fourth stub 2014 and a floor 202. The third tuning branch 2033 has a fifth switching state and a sixth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the fourth stub 2014 and the floor 202. For example, in the fifth switching state, the fourth stub 2014 is in an active state and is used to generate a third parasitic resonance. In the sixth switching state, the fourth stub 2014 is in a non-active state. The center frequency of the third parasitic resonance is a third parasitic resonance frequency f13, and the third parasitic resonance frequency f13 has a third parasitic resonance depth a13. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the third parasitic resonance frequency f13.

[0140] Based on this, the structure of the tuning circuit 203 and the working principle of the tuning circuit 203 in adjusting the orientation of the antenna pattern are illustrated with examples.

[0141] As shown in Figure 5, the inductance of the first tuning branch 2031 is 15nH, the inductance of the second tuning branch 2032 is 15nH, and the inductance of the third tuning branch 2033 is 16nH. Referring to Figures 6A and 7(A), f12 < f0, the third stub 2013 is parasitic before the first stub 2011, and both the third stub 2013 and the first stub 2011 generate currents in the same direction. f11 < f0, the second stub 2012 is parasitic before the first stub 2011, and both the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generate currents in the same direction (e.g., clockwise). f13 < f12, the fourth stub 2014 is parasitic before the third stub 2013, and both the third stub 2013 and the fourth stub 2014 generate currents in the same direction (e.g., clockwise). At this time, the radiation pattern of the antenna structure is oriented perpendicular to the ring radiator 201.

[0142] As shown in Figure 5, the inductance of the first tuning branch 2031 is 12nH, the inductance of the second tuning branch 2032 is 10nH, and the inductance of the third tuning branch 2033 is 12nH. Referring to Figures 6B and 7(B), f0 < f12, the third branch 2013 is parasitic after the first branch 2011, and the third branch 2013 and the first branch 2011 generate currents in opposite directions. f11 < f0, the second branch 2012 is parasitic before the first branch 2011, and the first branch 2011 and the second branch 2012 generate currents in the same direction (e.g., clockwise). f13 < f12, the fourth branch 2014 is parasitic before the third branch 2013, and the third branch 2013 and the fourth branch 2014 generate currents in the same direction (e.g., counterclockwise). a0 and a12 are far apart, and the current amplitudes on the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 are greater than the current amplitudes on the third stub 2013 and the fourth stub 2014. At this point, it can be understood that the radiation pattern of the antenna structure is oriented parallel to the ring radiator 201 and points in the direction of the first stub 2011.

[0143] Under the influence of the tuning circuit, when the first tuning branch is in the first switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f11<1.33×f0max; when the first tuning branch is in the second switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f11 or f11<1.33×f0max. And / or, when the second tuning branch is in the third switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f12<1.33×f0max; when the second tuning branch is in the fourth switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f12 or f12<1.33×f0max. And / or, when the third tuning branch is in the fifth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f13<1.33×f0max; when the third tuning branch is in the sixth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f13 or f13<1.33×f0max. The maximum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0max, and the minimum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0min.

[0144] In other words, when the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0 satisfy the above relationship, the corresponding parasitic stub that generates the parasitic resonant frequency f1 is in a working state. When the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0 do not satisfy the above relationship, the corresponding parasitic stub that generates the parasitic resonant frequency f1 is in a non-working state.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the first stub can generate only one main resonance, the center frequency of which is the main resonance frequency f0. In this case, f0max = f0min = f0. In another possible implementation, the first stub can generate two main resonances, namely a first main resonance and a second main resonance. The center frequency of the first main resonance is the first main resonance frequency f01, and the center frequency of the second main resonance is the second main resonance frequency f02, where f01 < f02. In this case, f0max = f02, and f0min = f01.

[0146] The antenna structure 20 described above can also be implemented in other ways. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG8, FIG9 or FIG10, the annular radiator 201 is arranged circumferentially around the floor 202. The annular radiator 201 is provided with a first slot D1 and a slit structure. The first slot D1 and the slit structure can divide the annular radiator 201 such that the annular radiator 201 includes a first part 201A and a second part 201B. The slit structure in the embodiments of this application may include a slot, or may include a combination of a slot and a radiator. For example, as shown in FIG8, the slit structure includes a second slot D2. For example, as shown in FIG9 or FIG10, the slit structure includes a third part 201C, a fourth slot D4 and a fifth slot D5.

[0147] In some examples, as shown in Figure 8, a first grounding terminal G1 may be disposed on a first portion 201A, and a second grounding terminal G2 may be disposed on a second portion 201B. The first portion 201A may include a first branch 2011 and a second branch 2012, where the first branch 2011 is located between the first grounding terminal G1 and the first gap D1, and the second branch 2012 is located between the first grounding terminal G1 and the second gap D2. The second portion 201B includes a third branch 2013, which is located between the first gap D1 and the second grounding terminal G2.

[0148] In some examples, continuing as shown in Figure 8, the second part 201B also includes a fourth branch 2014, and the fracture structure includes a second gap D2. The fourth branch 2014 is located between the second gap D2 and the second grounding terminal G2. The first gap D1, the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the second gap D2, the fourth branch 2014, and the third branch 2013 are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor 202.

[0149] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the annular radiator also includes a third portion 201C. A third slit D3 is provided on the third portion 201C, dividing it into a fifth branch 2015 and a sixth branch 2016. The fifth branch 2015 and the second portion 201B form a fourth slit D4, and the sixth branch 2016 and the second branch 2012 form a fifth slit D5. The first slit D1, the third branch 2013, the fourth slit D4, the fifth branch 2015, the third slit D3, the sixth branch 2016, the fifth slit D5, the second branch 2012, and the first branch 2011 are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor 202.

[0150] In some examples, as shown in Figure 10, the second part 202B also includes a fourth branch 2014. The fourth branch 2014 is located between the fourth gap D4 and the second grounding terminal G2. The first gap D1, the third branch 2013, the fourth branch 2014, the fourth gap D4, the fifth branch 2015, the third gap D3, the sixth branch 2016, the fifth gap D5, the second branch 2012, and the first branch 2011 are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor 202.

[0151] Based on the working principle of the tuning circuit 203 adjusting the antenna pattern orientation, in some embodiments, the length of the first stub 2011 is a first length L1, the physical length of the second stub 2012 is a second length L2, the physical length of the third stub 2013 is a third length L3, and the physical length of the fourth stub 2014 is a fourth length L4. The maximum length Lmax and the minimum length Lmin among the first length L1, second length L2, third length L3, and fourth length L4 are Lmax / Lmin < 3. In other embodiments, Lmax / Lmin < 2.5, or Lmax / Lmin < 2, and Lmax / Lmin < 1.5. In some embodiments, the physical lengths of the first stub 2011, second stub 2012, third stub 2013, and fourth stub 2014 are the same. In this way, the physical lengths of the main stub and the parasitic stub are close to or equal, which can enhance the coupling feeding effect from the main stub to the parasitic stub.

[0152] It is understandable that the physical length and electrical length of a stub or radiator are related. When the physical lengths of two stubs or radiators are close to or equal, it is easier to tune their electrical lengths to be close to or equal, thereby bringing their resonant frequencies closer together and allowing them to be superimposed in pattern synthesis. It should be understood that multiple stubs or radiators with close to or equal physical lengths have a similar effect.

[0153] Based on the above antenna structure, to illustrate the practical application significance of adjusting the orientation of the antenna pattern, this application provides an application scenario. A user wears a smartwatch (electronic device 01), with the watch face of the electronic device 01 on the user's arm 100 perpendicular. The signal source of the smartwatch is typically a satellite, and the signal source direction is typically the zenith direction. As shown in Figure 11(A), in postures such as raising the arm, raising the wrist, or cycling, the direction perpendicular to the watch face (third direction z) points towards the zenith. As shown in Figure 11(B), in postures such as running and swinging the arm, the 6 o'clock direction (the opposite direction of the second direction y) points towards the zenith. As shown in Figure 11(C), in postures such as walking with the arm hanging down, when the user wears the smartwatch (electronic device 01) on their left hand, the 9 o'clock direction (the opposite direction of the first direction x) points towards the zenith; when the user wears the smartwatch (electronic device 01) on their right hand, the 3 o'clock direction (the first direction x) points towards the zenith. In this scenario, the orientation of the antenna pattern will be discussed.

[0154] To adapt to the above application scenarios, the ring radiator can be in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and / or seventh state. When the ring radiator is in the first state, its radiation pattern faces the vertical direction, which is perpendicular to the dial pattern. When the ring radiator is in the second state, its radiation pattern faces the first horizontal direction, which points to the 6 o'clock position on the dial pattern. When the ring radiator is in the third state, its radiation pattern faces both the second and third horizontal directions, with the second horizontal direction pointing to the 9 o'clock position and the third horizontal direction pointing to the 3 o'clock position on the dial pattern. When the ring radiator is in the fourth state, its radiation pattern faces the second horizontal direction. When the ring radiator is in the fifth state, its radiation pattern faces the third horizontal direction. When the ring radiator is in the sixth state, its radiation pattern faces the fourth horizontal direction, which points to the 8 o'clock position on the dial pattern. When the ring radiator is in the seventh state, its radiation pattern faces both the vertical and third horizontal directions.

[0155] In a possible implementation of the first antenna structure provided in this application, the vertical projection of the first slot onto the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock positions on the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slot onto the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions on the dial pattern. The ring radiator can be in a first state, a second state, and / or a third state.

[0156] In one possible implementation, in the first state, the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the third branch 2013, and the fourth branch 2014 are all in an operating state. The inductance of the first tuning branch 2031 is 15nH, the inductance of the second tuning branch 2032 is 15nH, and the inductance of the third tuning branch 2033 is 16nH. As shown in Figure 6A, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, 0.75×f0<f12<f0, 0.75×f12<f13<f12. As shown in Figure 7(A), the first branch 2011 and the second branch 2012 generate clockwise current, while the third branch 2013 and the fourth branch 2014 generate counterclockwise current.

[0157] In the second state, the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the third branch 2013, and the fourth branch 2014 are all in operation. The inductance of the first tuning branch 2031 is 12nH, the inductance of the second tuning branch 2032 is 10nH, and the inductance of the third tuning branch 2033 is 12nH. As shown in Figure 6B, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, f0<f12<1.33×f0, and 0.7×f12<f13<f12. As shown in Figure 7(B), the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the third branch 2013, and the fourth branch 2014 all generate clockwise current.

[0158] In the third state, the first branch 2011 and the third branch 2013 are in the working state, while the second branch 2012 and the fourth branch 2014 are both in the non-working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the inductance of the second tuning branch 2032 is 20nH, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in Figure 6C, 0.75×f0<f12<f0. As shown in Figure 7(C), the first branch 2011 and the third branch 2013 generate a clockwise current.

[0159] It should be noted that in the current direction diagram shown in Figure 7(A), the direction of the arrow is the direction of the current on the branch, the solid branch is the branch in the working state, and the hollow branch is the branch in the non-working state.

[0160] In another possible implementation, in the first state, the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the third branch 2013, and the fourth branch 2014 are all in the operating state. The first tuning branch 2031 is open, the second tuning branch 2032 is open, and the third tuning branch 2033 is open. As shown in Figure 6A, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, 0.75×f0<f12<f0, 0.75×f12<f13<f12. The current direction is shown in Figure 7(A).

[0161] In the second state, the first branch 2011, the second branch 2012, the third branch 2013, and the fourth branch 2014 are all in operation. The first tuning branch 2031 is open, the second tuning branch 2032 is open, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in Figure 6B, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, f0<f12<1.33×f0, 0.7×f12<f13<f12. The current direction is shown in Figure 7(B).

[0162] In the third state, the first branch 2011 and the third branch 2013 are in the working state, while the second branch 2012 and the fourth branch 2014 are both in the non-working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the second tuning branch 2032 is short-circuited, and the third tuning branch 2033 is open-circuited. As shown in Figure 6C, 0.75×f0<f12<f0. The current direction is shown in Figure 7(C).

[0163] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the tuning branch is used to control the electrical connection state between at least one branch of the ring radiator and the ground. The switching state of the tuning branch can be open circuit, short circuit, having a certain capacitance value, or having a certain inductance value. Specifically, an open circuit can be equivalent to a switch being off, or equivalent to a capacitance value less than 1pF, or equivalent to an inductance value greater than 20nH. A short circuit can be equivalent to grounding, or equivalent to a resistance value equal to 0Ω, or equivalent to an inductance value less than 2nH.

[0164] Understandably, when the electrical connection state of the tuning branch is only open or short circuit, the tuning branch may only include switching elements, such as pin diodes, single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches, single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches, etc. When the electrical connection state of the tuning branch is a certain capacitance and / or inductance value, the tuning branch may be a combination circuit composed of capacitors and / or inductors, and the electrical connection state is adjusted by switching different circuits. In some examples, the capacitor may be a variable capacitor, and the inductor may be a variable inductor, changing the electrical connection state of the tuning branch by adjusting the resistance values ​​of the capacitor and inductor.

[0165] In the above embodiments, the second tuning branch 2032 is in an open-circuit state in the first, second, and / or third states. Therefore, in some examples, the second tuning branch 2032 can be omitted. For example, as shown in FIG12, the end of the third branch 2013 away from the second ground terminal is disconnected from the ground, and the third branch 2013 is in an operating state. It is used to generate a second parasitic resonance, the center frequency of which is a second parasitic resonance frequency f12, and the second parasitic resonance frequency f12 has a second parasitic resonance depth a12. Wherein, the parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the second parasitic resonance frequency f12.

[0166] In the above embodiments, in the first, second, and / or third states, the electrical connection states of the first tuning branch 2031 and the third tuning branch 2033 are simply either on or off. Therefore, in some examples, as shown in Figure 12, a single-pole double-throw switch can be connected near position ① to realize the state control function of the first tuning branch 2031 and the third tuning branch 2033. It should be noted that in the single-pole double-throw switch shown in Figure 12, the end connected to the branch is the free end, and the end connected to the floor is the fixed end. The first tuning branch 2031 and the third tuning branch 2033 can be simultaneously turned on, simultaneously turned off, or one of them can be turned on.

[0167] The radiation pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 12 was simulated, and the simulation results are shown in Figure 13. In Figure 13, curves ①, ③, and ⑤ are the radiation patterns of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of this application, while curves ②, ④, and ⑥ are the radiation patterns of antenna structures in related technologies. In a circular coordinate system, the gain is greater at points closer to the outer ring.

[0168] As shown in Figure 13(A), in the first state, the antenna structure's radiation pattern faces the vertical direction. The central gain is -20dB, and the outermost ring gain is 5dB. Curve ① has a maximum gain of 2.475dB in the vertical direction; curve ② has a maximum gain of 3.21dB in the vertical direction. The antenna structure provided in this embodiment has a gain in the target direction that is essentially the same as that of related technologies.

[0169] As shown in Figure 13(B), in the second state, the antenna structure's radiation pattern faces the 6 o'clock position. The center gain is -20dB, and the outermost ring gain is 5dB. Curve ③ has a maximum gain of 2.051dB in the first horizontal direction; curve ④ has a maximum gain of -5.729dB in the first horizontal direction. The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment has a gain in the target direction that is more than 5dB higher than that of related technologies.

[0170] As shown in Figure 13(C), in the third state, the antenna structure's radiation pattern points towards the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. The center gain is -25 dB, and the outermost ring gain is 5 dB. Curve ⑤ has a maximum gain of -1.428 dB at the 9 o'clock position; curve ⑥ has a maximum gain of -24.96 dB in the second horizontal direction. Curve ⑤ has a maximum gain of -1.189 dB at the 3 o'clock position; curve ⑥ has a maximum gain of -9.853 dB in the third horizontal direction. The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment has a gain in the target direction that is more than 5 dB higher than that of related technologies.

[0171] In a possible implementation manner of the second antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application, the vertical projection of the first slot on the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock position and the 5 o'clock position of the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slot on the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock position and the 11 o'clock position of the dial pattern. When the first branch 2011 and the third branch 2013 are in the working state and the second branch 2012 and the fourth branch 2014 are both in the non-working state, the loop radiator can be in the third state, the fourth state, and / or the fifth state.

[0172] In a possible implementation manner, in the third state, the first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the inductance value of the second tuning branch 2032 is 20 nH, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 14A, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0, and the main resonance depth a0 and the second parasitic resonance depth a12 are far apart (i.e., |a0 - a12| = 9 dB > 3 dB). As shown in (A) of FIG. 15, the first branch 2011 generates a clockwise current, the third branch 2013 generates a counterclockwise current, and the current intensity of the first branch 2011 is stronger than that of the third branch 2013.

[0173] In the fourth state, the first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the inductance value of the second tuning branch 2032 is 5.6 nH, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 14B, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0, and the main resonance depth a0 and the second parasitic resonance depth a12 are close (a0 < -6 dB and a12 < -6 dB). As shown in (B) of FIG. 15, the first branch 2011 generates a clockwise current, the third branch 2013 generates a counterclockwise current, and the current intensity of the first branch 2011 is weaker than that of the third branch 2013.

[0174] In the fifth state, the first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the inductance value of the second tuning branch 2032 is 1.8 nH, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 14C, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0, and the main resonance depth a0 and the second parasitic resonance depth a12 are close (a0 < -6 dB and a12 < -6 dB). As shown in (C) of FIG. 15, both the first branch 2011 and the third branch 2013 generate clockwise currents, and the current intensity of the first branch 2011 is weaker than that of the third branch 2013. [[ID=IO]]

[0175] At this time, the radiation pattern orientation of the antenna structure is jointly determined by the relative magnitude relationship of the resonant frequencies and the relative magnitude relationship of the resonant depths. It should be noted that in (A) and (B) of FIG. 15, the first branch 2011 generates a clockwise current, the third branch 2013 generates a counterclockwise current, and the second branch 2012 and the fourth branch 2014 are in a non-operating state. However, in (A) of FIG. 15, the current of the first branch 2011 is strong and the current of the third branch 2013 is weak (the main resonance is strong and the parasitic resonance is weak). In (B) of FIG. 15, the current of the first branch 2011 is weak and the current of the third branch 2013 is strong (the main resonance is weak and the parasitic resonance is strong), so the finally synthesized radiation patterns are also different. To illustrate the difference between the two, the weaker current is marked with a dashed arrow.

[0176] In a possible implementation manner provided by the third antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application, the vertical projection of the first slit on the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock position and the 5 o'clock position of the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slit on the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock position and the 11 o'clock position of the dial pattern. When the first branch 2011 and the second branch 2012 are in an operating state and the third branch 2013 and the fourth branch 2014 are both in a non-operating state, the annular radiator can be in the second state, the fifth state and / or the sixth state.

[0177] In a possible implementation manner, in the second state, the capacitance value of the first tuning branch 2031 is 1 pF, the second tuning branch 2032 is short-circuited, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 16A, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0, the main resonance depth a0 and the first parasitic resonance depth a11 are far apart (i.e., |a0 - a11| = 12 dB > 3 dB). As shown in (A) of FIG. 17, the first branch 2011 and the second branch 2012 generate clockwise currents, and the current of the first branch 2011 is stronger than the current of the second branch 2012.

[0178] In the fifth state, the inductance value of the first tuning branch 2031 is 3 nH, the second tuning branch 2032 is short-circuited, and the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 16B, f0 < f11 < 1.33×f0, the main resonance depth a0 and the first parasitic resonance depth a11 are close (a0 < -6 dB and a11 < -6 dB). As shown in (B) of FIG. 17, the first branch 2011 generates a clockwise current, and the second branch 2012 generates a counterclockwise current.

[0179] In the sixth state, the first tuning branch 2031 is open, the second tuning branch 2032 is shorted, and the third tuning branch 2033 is shorted. As shown in FIG. 16C, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0, and the main resonance depth a0 and the first parasitic resonance depth a11 are close (a0 < -6 dB and a11 < -6 dB). As shown in (C) of FIG. 17, the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generate clockwise currents, and the currents of the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 are approximately equal.

[0180] It should be noted that in (A) and (C) of FIG. 17, the first stub 2011 generates a clockwise current, the second stub 2012 generates a counterclockwise current, and the third stub 2013 and the fourth stub 2014 are in a non-operating state. However, the current on the second stub 2012 in (A) of FIG. 17 is weak, and the current on the second stub 2012 in (C) of FIG. 17 is strong. Therefore, the finally synthesized radiation patterns are also different. To illustrate the difference between the two, the weak current is marked with a dashed arrow. ​​​​​​​​​​In the seventh state, when the first stub 2011 and the third stub 2013 are in the working state and the second stub 2012 is in the non - working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short - circuited, and the capacitance value of the second tuning branch 2032 is 0.2 pF. As shown in FIG. 18C, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. As shown in (C) of FIG. 19, the first stub 2011 generates a counter - clockwise current, and the third stub 2013 generates a counter - clockwise current.

[0185] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 20, the antenna structure 20 further includes a matching circuit 204. The matching circuit 204 is used to be coupled between the feed end F and the feed source. The matching circuit 204 can be used to achieve impedance matching of the antenna structure.

[0186] Among them, impedance generally refers to the ratio of the voltage to the current at the input end of the antenna. Impedance is a measure of the resistance to electrical signals in the antenna. The main purpose of impedance matching is to achieve the matching between the antenna and the transmission line. When the antenna and the transmission line are matched, the power transmitted from the transmitter to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver is the largest. At this time, there is no reflected wave on the transmission line, the reflection coefficient is equal to zero, and the standing - wave ratio is equal to 1. The quality of the matching between the antenna and the transmission line is measured by the magnitude of the reflection coefficient or the standing - wave ratio at the input end of the antenna. For a transmitting antenna, if the matching is not good, the radiation power of the antenna will decrease, the loss on the transmission line will increase, the power capacity of the transmission line will also decrease, and in severe cases, there will be a phenomenon of "frequency pulling" of the transmitter, that is, the oscillation frequency changes.

[0187] Based on this, in a possible implementation manner of the fifth antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application, the vertical projection of the first slit on the dial pattern is located between the 7 - o'clock position and the 8 - o'clock position of the dial pattern, the vertical projection of the third slit on the dial pattern is located between the 10 - o'clock position and the 11 - o'clock position of the dial pattern, the vertical projection of the fourth slit on the dial pattern is located between the 1 - o'clock position and the 2 - o'clock position of the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the fifth slit on the dial pattern is located between the 4 - o'clock position and the 5 - o'clock position of the dial pattern. The matching circuit includes a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is coupled between the feed source and the feed end, and the second branch is coupled between the first branch and the ground plane. The annular radiator can be in the second state, the fourth state, and / or the seventh state.

[0188] In a possible implementation, in the second state, when the second stub 2012 is in the working state and the third stub 2013 is in the non-working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is open, the second tuning branch 2032 is shorted, the inductance value of the fourth tuning branch 2034 is 6.8 nH, the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF, and the inductance value of the second branch is 6.8 nH. The capacitance value is 1.5 pF. As shown in Figure 21A, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0. As shown in (A) of Figure 22, both the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generate currents in the counterclockwise direction.

[0189] In the fourth state, when the third stub 2013 is in the working state and the second stub 2012 is in the non-working state. The radiation pattern of the antenna structure points to the 9 o'clock position. The first tuning branch 2031 is shorted, the second tuning branch 2032 is shorted, the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF, and the inductance value of the second branch is 4.3 nH. As shown in Figure 21B, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. As shown in (B) of Figure 22, the first stub 2011 generates a current in the counterclockwise direction, and the second stub 2012 generates a current in the clockwise direction.

[0190] In the seventh state, when both the second stub 2012 and the third stub 2013 are in the working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is shorted, the second tuning branch 2032 is open, the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF, and the second branch is open. As shown in Figure 21C, 0.75×f0 < f11 < f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0. As shown in (C) of Figure 22, the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generate currents in the counterclockwise direction, and the third stub 2013 generates a current in the clockwise direction.

[0191] It should be noted that Figure 21C also includes a resonance f01 generated by the first stub 2011 that is different from the main resonance f0. Since the resonance f01 is generated by the main stub, the resonance f01 does not affect the radiation pattern synthesis of the antenna structure when operating at the main resonance f0.

[0192] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 20, the matching circuit 204 further includes a first filter circuit. The first filter circuit is coupled between the first stub 2011 and the ground plane 202. The first stub 2011 is configured to generate a first main resonance and a second main resonance. The center frequency of the first main resonance is the first main resonance frequency f01, and the center frequency of the second main resonance is the second main resonance frequency f02. Among them, the main resonance frequency f0 includes the first main resonance frequency f01 and the second main resonance frequency f02.

[0193] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the form of the first filter circuit. The function of the first filter circuit is to help the first stub 2011 excite at least two resonance frequencies. The first filter circuit can adopt the form of a combined circuit such as a parallel combination of a capacitor and an inductor, a series combination of a capacitor and an inductor, a parallel combination of a first capacitor and a first inductor and then a series connection with a second inductor, or a series combination of a first capacitor and a first inductor and then a parallel connection with a second capacitor.

[0194] In some embodiments, the first tuning branch 2031 further includes a second filter circuit. The second filter circuit is coupled between the second stub 2012 and the ground plane. The second stub 2012 is used to generate the resonance of the first parasitic resonator and the resonance of the second parasitic resonator. The center frequency of the first parasitic resonator resonance is the first parasitic resonator frequency f111, and the center frequency of the first parasitic resonator resonance is the first parasitic resonator frequency f111. Among them, the first parasitic resonance frequency f11 includes the first parasitic resonator frequency f111 and the second parasitic resonator frequency f112.

[0195] The embodiment of the present application does not limit the form of the second filter circuit. The second filter circuit can also adopt the form of a combined circuit such as a parallel combination of a capacitor and an inductor, a series combination of a capacitor and an inductor, a parallel combination of a first capacitor and a first inductor and then a series connection with a second inductor, or a series combination of a first capacitor and a first inductor and then a parallel connection with a second capacitor.

[0196] In another possible implementation, in the second state, when the second stub 2012 is in the working state and the third stub 2013 is in the non - working state. The first tuning branch 2031 includes a first combined circuit, the second tuning branch 2032 is short - circuited, the matching circuit includes a first branch and a second combined circuit, the first branch and the second combined circuit are connected in series, and the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF. As shown in FIG. 23A, 0.75×f01 < f111 < f01 < 0.75×f02 < f112 < f02. As shown in (A) of FIG. 22, both the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generate counter - clockwise currents.

[0197] In the fourth state, the second stub 2012 is in the working state and the third stub 2013 is in the non - working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short - circuited, the second tuning branch 2032 is short - circuited, the matching circuit includes a first branch and a third combined circuit, the first branch and the third combined circuit are connected in series, and the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF. As shown in FIG. 23B, f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02. As shown in (B) of FIG. 22, the first stub 2011 generates a counter - clockwise current, and the second stub 2012 generates a clockwise current.

[0198] In the seventh state, when the third branch 2013 is in the working state and the second branch 2012 is in the working state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the second tuning branch 2032 is open-circuited, the matching circuit includes a first branch and a fourth combined circuit, the first branch and the fourth combined circuit are connected in series, and the capacitance value of the first branch is 1.5 pF. As shown in FIG. 23C, f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f01 < f12 < f01 < f02. As shown in (C) of FIG. 22, the first branch 2011 and the second branch 2012 generate currents in the counterclockwise direction, and the third branch 2013 generates a current in the clockwise direction.

[0199] It can be understood that the second combined circuit, the third combined circuit and the fourth combined circuit are the first filter circuit, and the first combined circuit is the second filter circuit. In some examples, as shown in FIG. 24, the first combined circuit includes a first capacitor C1 and a first inductor LN1, and the first capacitor C1 and the first inductor LN1 are connected in series. The second combined circuit includes a second capacitor C2 and a second inductor LN2, and the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor LN2 are connected in series. The third combined circuit includes a third capacitor C3 and a third inductor LN3, and the third capacitor C3 and the third inductor LN3 are connected in series. The fourth combined circuit includes a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5 and a fourth inductor LN4, the fourth capacitor C4 and the fourth inductor LN4 are connected in series and then in parallel with the fifth capacitor C5. For example, in the first combined circuit, C1 = 4.7 pF and LN1 = 2.2 nH. In the second combined circuit, C2 = 0.3 pF and LN2 = 2.2 nH. In the third combined circuit, C3 = 0.5 pF and LN3 = 11 nH.

[0200] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 25, the tuning circuit further includes a fourth tuning branch 2034. The fourth tuning branch 2034 is coupled between the first ground terminal G1 and the ground plane 202. The fourth tuning branch 2034 has a seventh switching state and an eighth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the first ground terminal G1 and the ground plane 202. The fourth tuning branch 2034 is configured to couple the first ground terminal G1 to the ground plane 202 in the seventh switching state, and the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 operate independently. The fourth tuning branch 2034 is configured to couple the first ground terminal G1 to the ground plane 202 in the eighth switching state, and the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 operate in cooperation. In this way, the fourth tuning branch 2034 can control whether the first ground terminal G1 is grounded. In some examples, the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 are connected. Disconnecting the electrical connection between the first ground terminal G1 and the ground plane 202 by the fourth tuning branch 2034 can be regarded as the physical length of the main stub becoming the sum of the original physical lengths of the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012. In other examples, the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 are arranged at intervals. Disconnecting the electrical connection between the first ground terminal G1 and the ground plane 202 by the fourth tuning branch 2034 can change the way the first stub 2011 couples and feeds power to the second stub 2012.

[0201] Based on this, in a possible implementation manner of the sixth antenna structure provided by the embodiments of the present application, the vertical projection of the first slit on the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock position and the 5 o'clock position of the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slit on the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock position and the 11 o'clock position of the dial pattern. The annular radiator can be in the first state and / or the second state.

[0202] In the first state, when the second stub 2012, the third stub 2013, and the fourth stub 2014 are all in the operating state. The first tuning branch 2031 is short-circuited, the second tuning branch 2032 is short-circuited, the third tuning branch 2033 is short-circuited, and the fourth tuning branch 2034 is open-circuited. As shown in FIG. 26A, f01 < f02. As shown in (A) of FIG. 27, clockwise currents are generated in the first stub 2011, the second stub 2012, the third stub 2013, and the fourth stub 2014.

[0203] In the second state, when the second stub 2012 and the third stub 2013 are in the working state and the fourth stub 2014 is in the non-working state. The inductance value of the first tuning branch 2031 is greater than 12 nH, the inductance value of the second tuning branch 2032 is less than 10 nH, the inductance value of the third tuning branch 2033 is 12 nH, and the fourth tuning branch 2034 is short-circuited. As shown in FIG. 26B, f01 < f02, 0.75×f01 < f11 < f01, f02 < f12 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f12 < f13 < f12. As shown in (B) of FIG. 27, the new stub formed by combining the first stub 2011 and the second stub 2012 generates a clockwise current, and the third stub 2013 also generates a clockwise current.

[0204] In addition, it can be understood that when the above six possible implementation manners of the antenna structure are applied to an electronic device, the slit position and the electrical length of the stub can be adaptively adjusted according to the specific architecture and application scenario requirements of the electronic device to achieve different orientations of the antenna pattern.

[0205] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes: a housing, and the antenna structure of any one of the above provided by the embodiments of the present application. Among them, the antenna structure is disposed on the housing. For example, the antenna structure is disposed in the housing, such as disposed in a cavity in the housing. For example, the antenna structure is disposed on the housing, such as the housing is reused as a carrier plate of the antenna structure. For example, a part of the antenna structure is the housing, such as a part of the housing is reused as the antenna structure.

[0206] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a smart watch with a dial pattern. The annular radiator of the antenna structure serves as at least a part of the housing. Based on this, in some embodiments, the slit structure includes a second slit, and the second part further includes a fourth stub 2014. Among them, the fourth stub 2014 is located between the second slit and the second grounding end. The first slit, the first stub 2011, the second stub 2012, the second slit, the fourth stub 2014, and the third stub 2013 are arranged in sequence and circumferentially disposed around the ground plane. The vertical projection of the first slit on the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock position and the 5 o'clock position in the dial pattern, and the vertical projection of the second slit on the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock position and the 11 o'clock position in the dial pattern.

[0207] In other embodiments, the annular radiator further includes a third portion. A third slit is formed on the third portion, dividing the third portion to include a fifth branch and a sixth branch. The fifth branch and the second portion form a fourth slit, and the sixth branch and the second branch 2012 form a fifth slit. The fracture structure includes the third portion, the fourth slit, and the fifth slit. The first slit, the third branch 2013, the fourth slit, the fifth branch, the third slit, the sixth slit, the fifth slit, the second branch 2012, and the first branch 2011 are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. The vertical projection of the first slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 8 o'clock position, the vertical projection of the third slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 10 o'clock position, the vertical projection of the fourth slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 2 o'clock position, and the vertical projection of the fifth slit onto the dial pattern is located at the 4 o'clock position.

[0208] In other embodiments, the annular radiator further includes a third portion, and the second portion further includes a fourth branch 2014. A third gap is formed in the third portion, dividing the third portion to include a fifth branch and a sixth branch. The fifth branch and the second portion form the fourth gap, and the sixth branch and the second branch 2012 form the fifth gap. The fracture structure includes the third portion, the fourth gap, and the fifth gap, with the fourth branch 2014 located between the second gap and the second grounding end. The first gap, the third branch 2013, the fourth gap, the fifth branch, the third gap, the sixth branch, the fifth gap, the second branch 2012, and the first branch 2011 are arranged sequentially and circumferentially around the floor. The vertical projection of the first gap on the dial pattern is between the 7 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions. The vertical projection of the third gap on the dial pattern is between the 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions. The vertical projection of the fourth gap on the dial pattern is between the 1 o'clock and 2 o'clock positions. The vertical projection of the fifth gap on the dial pattern is between the 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock positions.

[0209] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized by include: Ring radiator; The annular radiator has a first gap and a slit structure, which divide the annular radiator into a first part and a second part. A floor, wherein the annular radiator is arranged circumferentially around the floor; a gap exists between the floor and at least a portion of the annular radiator; A first grounding terminal is disposed on the first part; the first part includes a first branch and a second branch, the first branch being located between the first grounding terminal and the first gap, and the second branch being located between the first grounding terminal and the fracture structure; A second grounding terminal is disposed on the second part; the second part includes a third branch, which is located between the first gap and the second grounding terminal. A power supply terminal is disposed on the first branch, the first branch is used to generate at least one main resonance, the center frequency of the main resonance is the main resonance frequency f0; the main resonance frequency has a main resonance depth a0. A tuning circuit is coupled between the second branch and the floor, or coupled between the third branch and the floor; The tuning circuit is used to control the electrical connection state between at least one of the second or third branches and the floor, such that the second branch and at least one of the third branches generate at least one parasitic resonance, the center frequency of which is the parasitic resonance frequency f1; the parasitic resonance frequency f1 has a parasitic resonance depth a1. The tuning circuit is also used to adjust the relative magnitude of the parasitic resonant frequency f1 and the main resonant frequency f0, and / or to adjust the relative magnitude of the main resonant depth a0 and the parasitic resonant depth a1.

2. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein, The annular radiator further includes: The third part has a third slit; the third slit divides the third part into a fifth branch and a sixth branch; the fifth branch and the second part form a fourth slit; the sixth branch and the second branch form a fifth slit. The fracture structure includes the third part, the fourth gap, and the fifth gap; The first gap, the third branch, the fourth gap, the fifth branch, the sixth branch, the fifth gap, the second branch, and the first branch are arranged in sequence and arranged around the circumference of the floor.

3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, The second part further includes a fourth branch; the fourth branch is located between the fourth gap and the second grounding terminal; The first gap, the third branch, the fourth branch, the fourth gap, the fifth branch, the third gap, the sixth branch, the fifth gap, the second branch, and the first branch are arranged in sequence and arranged around the circumference of the floor.

4. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein, The second part further includes a fourth branch; the fracture structure includes a second gap; the fourth branch is located between the second gap and the second grounding terminal; The first gap, the first branch, the second branch, the second gap, the fourth branch, and the third branch are arranged in sequence and arranged around the circumference of the floor.

5. The antenna structure of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The length of the first branch is the first length L1, the physical length of the second branch is the second length L2, the physical length of the third branch is the third length L3, and the physical length of the fourth branch is the fourth length L4. The maximum length Lmax and the minimum length Lmin among the first length L1, the second length L2, the third length L3 and the fourth length L4; Lmax / Lmin < 3.

6. The antenna structure of any of claims 1-5, wherein, The tuning circuit includes: A first tuning branch is coupled between the second branch and the floor; the first tuning branch has a first switching state and a second switching state to control the electrical connection state between the second branch and the floor. When the first tuning branch is in the first switching state, the second branch is in the working state and is used to generate the first parasitic resonance. The center frequency of the first parasitic resonance is the first parasitic resonance frequency f11. The first parasitic resonance frequency f11 has a first parasitic resonance depth a11. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the first parasitic resonance frequency f11. Alternatively, when the first tuning branch is in the second switching state, the second branch is in a non-operating state.

7. The antenna structure according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that The tuning circuit also includes: A second tuning branch is coupled between the third branch and the floor; the second tuning branch has a third switch state and a fourth switch state to control the electrical connection state between the third branch and the floor. When the second tuning branch is in the third switching state, the third stub is in the working state and is used to generate the second parasitic resonance. The center frequency of the second parasitic resonance is the second parasitic resonance frequency f12. The second parasitic resonance frequency f12 has a second parasitic resonance depth a12. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the second parasitic resonance frequency f12. Alternatively, in the fourth switch state, the third branch of the second tuning branch is in a non-operating state.

8. The antenna structure of any of claims 3-7, wherein, The tuning circuit also includes: A third tuning branch is coupled between the fourth branch and the floor; the third tuning branch has a fifth switch state and a sixth switch state to control the electrical connection state between the fourth branch and the floor. When the third tuning branch is in the fifth switching state, the fourth branch is in the working state and is used to generate the third parasitic resonance. The center frequency of the third parasitic resonance is the third parasitic resonance frequency f13. The third parasitic resonance frequency f13 has a third parasitic resonance depth a13. The parasitic resonance frequency f1 includes the third parasitic resonance frequency f13. Alternatively, in the sixth switch state, the fourth branch of the third tuning branch is in a non-operating state.

9. The antenna structure of any of claims 1-8, wherein, The antenna structure further includes: a matching circuit for coupling between the feed terminal and the feed source; The matching circuit includes a first filter circuit; the first filter circuit is coupled between the first stub and the ground plane, the first stub is used to generate a first main resonance and a second main resonance; the center frequency of the first main resonance is the first main resonance frequency f01; the center frequency of the second main resonance is the second main resonance frequency f02. The main resonant frequency f0 includes a first main resonant frequency f01 and a second main resonant frequency f02.

10. The antenna structure of any of claims 6-9, wherein, The first tuning branch further includes: a second filter circuit coupled between the second stub and the ground plane, the second stub being used to generate a first parasitic harmonic oscillator resonance and a second parasitic harmonic oscillator resonance; the center frequency of the first parasitic harmonic oscillator resonance is the first parasitic harmonic oscillator frequency f111. The first parasitic resonant frequency f11 includes the first parasitic resonator frequency f111 and the second parasitic resonator frequency f112.

11. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 6-10, characterized in that, The maximum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0max; the minimum value of the main resonant frequency f0 is f0min; When the first tuning branch is in the first switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f11<1.33×f0max; when the first tuning branch is in the second switching state, the first parasitic resonant frequency f11 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f11 or f11<1.33×f0max; and / or When the second tuning branch is in the third switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f12<1.33×f0max; when the second tuning branch is in the fourth switching state, the second parasitic resonant frequency f12 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f12 or f12<1.33×f0max; and / or When the third tuning branch is in the fifth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min<f13<1.33×f0max; when the third tuning branch is in the sixth switching state, the third parasitic resonant frequency f13 satisfies 0.75×f0min>f13 or f13<1.33×f0max.

12. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 6-8 or 11, characterized in that, With the second branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch all in operation, the annular radiator is in the first state, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, 0.75×f0<f12<f0, 0.75×f12<f13<f12; And / or, when the second branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are all in the working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, 0.75×f0<f11<f0, f0<f12<1.33×f0, 0.75×f12<f13<f12; And / or, when the third branch is in the working state, and the second and fourth branches are both in the non-working state, the annular radiator is in the third state, 0.75×f0<f12<f0.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 6-8 or 11, characterized in that, When the third branch is in the working state, the second branch and the fourth branch are both in the non - working state, and the annular radiator is in the third state, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0, |a0 - a12| > 3 dB; And / or, when the third branch is in the working state, the second branch and the fourth branch are both in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, 0.75×f0 < f12 < f0; a0 < - 6 dB and a12 < - 6 dB, or, |a0 - a12| < 3 dB; And / or, when the third branch is in the working state, the second branch and the fourth branch are both in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fifth state, f0 < f12 < 1.33×f0; a0 < - 6 dB and a12 < - 6 dB, or, |a0 - a12| < 3 dB.

14. The antenna structure of any of claims 6-9 or 11, wherein, The tuning circuit further includes: A fourth tuning branch, coupled between the first grounding end and the ground plane; the fourth tuning branch has a seventh switching state and an eighth switching state to control the electrical connection state between the first grounding end and the ground plane; When the fourth tuning branch is in the seventh switching state, the first grounding end is coupled to the ground plane, and the first branch and the second branch work independently; When the fourth tuning branch is in the eighth switching state, the first grounding end is coupled to the ground plane, and the first branch and the second branch work cooperatively.

15. The antenna structure according to claim 14, wherein When the second branch, the third branch and the fourth branch are all in the working state, the annular radiator is in the first state, f01 < f02; And / or, when the second branch and the third branch are in the working state, the fourth branch is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, f01 < f02, 0.75×f01 < f11 < f01, f02 < f12 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f12 < f3 < f12.

16. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 6 - 11, wherein When the second branch is in the working state, the third branch is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the second state, 0.75×f01 < f111 < f01 < 0.75×f02 < f112 < f02; And / or, when the second branch is in the working state, the third branch is in the non - working state, the annular radiator is in the fourth state, f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02; And / or, when the third branch is in the working state, the second branch is in the working state, the annular radiator is in the seventh state, f01 < f02 < f11 < 1.33×f02, 0.75×f01 < f12 < f01 < f02.

17. An electronic device, comprising: Comprising: a housing, and the antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 - 16; the antenna structure is disposed in the housing.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, The electronic device is a smart watch with a dial pattern.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, characterized in that, The fracture structure includes a second gap; the second part further includes a fourth branch; the fourth branch is located between the second gap and the second grounding terminal; The first gap, the first branch, the second branch, the second gap, the fourth branch, and the third branch are arranged in sequence and arranged around the circumference of the floor. The vertical projection of the first gap onto the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock positions in the dial pattern. The second gap is projected vertically onto the dial pattern, between the 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions in the dial pattern.

20. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein, The annular radiator further includes: The third part has a third slit; the third slit divides the third part into a fifth branch and a sixth branch; the fifth branch and the second part form a fourth slit; the sixth branch and the second branch form a fifth slit. The fracture structure includes the third part, the fourth gap, and the fifth gap; The second part also includes a fourth branch, which is located between the second gap and the second grounding terminal; The first gap, the third branch, the fourth gap, the fifth branch, the third gap, the sixth branch, the fifth gap, the second branch, and the first branch are arranged in sequence and arranged around the circumference of the floor. The vertical projection of the first gap onto the dial pattern is located between the 7 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions in the dial pattern. The vertical projection of the third gap onto the dial pattern is located between the 10 o'clock and 11 o'clock positions in the dial pattern. The vertical projection of the fourth gap onto the dial pattern is located between the 1 o'clock and 2 o'clock positions in the dial pattern. The vertical projection of the fifth gap onto the dial pattern is located between the 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock positions on the dial pattern.

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