HANDLING OF Uu AND A-IoT AT INTERMEDIATE UE
By implementing resource management and priority rules for Uu and A-IoT communications, the solution optimizes resource allocation and conflict resolution, enhancing communication efficiency for A-IoT systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in efficiently handling Uu and ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communications at intermediate UEs, particularly in managing resource allocation and prioritization for uplink and downlink transmissions.
The proposed solution involves a user equipment (UE) and base station that allocate and manage resources for A-IoT communications by using predefined parameters and priority rules to handle uplink and downlink transmissions, including R2D and D2R transmissions, and managing resource conflicts through scheduling information and release indications.
This approach enhances communication efficiency by optimizing resource utilization and prioritization, improving the handling of A-IoT communications and reducing conflicts between Uu and A-IoT transmissions.
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Figure CN2025121616_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDLING OF Uu AND A-IoT AT INTERMEDIATE UETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment (UE) , a base station, processors for wireless communication and methods for handling of Uu and ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) at an intermediate UE.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Internet of things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. More ‘things’ are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life. Further reduction of size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices can enable the deployment of tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices for various applications and provide added value across the entire value chain. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. Enhancements for A-IoT networks, especially enhancements on handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in an A-IoT system, are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE. With the apparatuses and methods, it is possible to improve communication efficiency in the A-IoT system and Uu interface.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a user equipment (UE) receives, from a base station, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication. At least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The UE performs at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more transmissions comprise: a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first R2D transmission carries a paging message or an access occasion trigger message; and a first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first D2R transmission carries a message 1 (MSG1) . The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following: a start timing of the first R2D transmission; a M value of the first R2D transmission; or at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following: a reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission; a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the first D2R transmission; the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission; or a symbol number, wherein the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more transmissions comprise: a subsequent R2D transmission within the access slot, wherein the subsequent R2D transmission is subsequent to a first D2R transmission, the subsequent R2D transmission carries a message 2 (MSG2) ; and a second D2R transmission within the access slot, wherein the second D2R transmission is subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission, the second D2R transmission carries a message 3 (MSG3) . The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following: a start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission; a M value of the subsequent R2D transmission; a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed; or at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following: a reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission; a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the second D2R transmission; the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission; a symbol number, wherein the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number; or an indication of applying forward error correction to the second D2R transmission or not.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, each of the at least one candidate resource is predefined to be used for one of the following: physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions; physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions; or PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the base station, an indication of respective usages of the at least one candidate resource. A respective usage of a candidate resource among the at least one candidate resource is one of the following: PUSCH transmissions; PUCCH transmissions; or PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include one of the following: performing the uplink transmissions in the candidate resource based on the respective scheduling information, wherein the respective scheduling information is received for the candidate resource; or determining the candidate resource to be a valid resource for the A-IoT communication, wherein the respective scheduling information is not received for the candidate resource.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the monitoring of the respective scheduling information for the candidate resource is performed before a gap from the candidate resource. The gap is associated with a respective usage of the candidate resource. The gap corresponds to one of the following: a minimum slot offset in a configured list of slot offsets, an indicated value from a configured list of slot offsets, or an indicated number of slots.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more candidate resources are valid resources for the A-IoT communication based on the release indication. Remaining candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource are valid resources for the uplink transmissions.
[0017] In a second aspect of the solution, a base station transmits, to a user equipment (UE) , information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication. At least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The base station performs or skips performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters transmitted to the UE, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; transmission of scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication transmitted to the UE for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more transmission comprises: a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first R2D transmission carries a paging message or an access occasion trigger message; and a first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first D2R transmission carries a message 1 (MSG1) . The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following: a start timing of the first R2D transmission; a M value of the first R2D transmission; or at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following: a reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission; a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the first D2R transmission; the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission; or a symbol number, wherein the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more transmissions comprise: a subsequent R2D transmission within the access slot, wherein the subsequent R2D transmission is subsequent to a first D2R transmission, the subsequent R2D transmission carries a message 2 (MSG2) ; and a second D2R transmission within the access slot, wherein the second D2R transmission is subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission, the second D2R transmission carries a message 3 (MSG3) . The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following: a start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission; a M value of the subsequent R2D transmission; a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed; or at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following: a reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission; a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the second D2R transmission; the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission; a symbol number, wherein the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number; or an indication of applying forward error correction to the second D2R transmission or not.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, each of the at least one candidate resource is predefined to be used for one of the following: physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions; physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions; or PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions.
[0025] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, an indication of respective usages of the at least one candidate resource. A respective usage of a candidate resource among the at least one candidate resource is one of the following: PUSCH transmissions; PUCCH transmissions; or PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions.
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include one of the following: performing the uplink transmissions in the at least one candidate resource based on the respective scheduling information, wherein the respective scheduling information is transmitted for the candidate resource; or determining the candidate resource to be an invalid resource for the uplink transmissions, wherein the respective scheduling information is not transmitted for the candidate resource.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transmission of the respective scheduling information for the candidate resource is performed before a gap from the candidate resource. The gap is associated with a respective usage of the candidate resource. The gap corresponds to one of the following: a minimum slot offset in a configured list of slot offsets, an indicated value from a configured list of slot offsets, or an indicated number of slots.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more candidate resources are invalid resources for the uplink transmissions based on the release indication. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, remaining candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource are valid resources for the uplink transmissions.
[0029] In a third aspect, a user equipment (UE) determines that a first resource allocated for an an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped. The UE performs one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the predefined priority rule comprises one of the following: A-IoT transmissions have a higher priority than uplink transmissions; or A-IoT transmissions have a lower priority than uplink transmissions.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the predefined priority rule is associated with at least one of the following: a category of the uplink transmission; a category of a message carried in the A-IoT transmission; a number of A-IoT devices; energy status of A-IoT devices; a duration that has last for the A-IoT transmission; or a remaing duration for the A-IoT transmission.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, uplink transmissions of at least one first category have higher priorities than A-IoT transmissions. Uplink transmissions of the at least one first category comprises at least one of the following: physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions, PUSCH transmissions scheduled by an uplink grant in a random access response and coresponding retransmissions, PUSCH transmissions for Type-2 random access procedure and coresponding retransmission, PUCCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information in response to a successful random access response, PUCCH transmissions indicated by a downlink control information (DCI) format 1-0 with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a corresponding temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (TC-RNTI) , or ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) PUSCH transmissions.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of at least one third categry have higher priorities than uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category. The A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of the at least one third categry comprises at least one of the following: a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying a paging message, a first R2D transmission carrying an access occasion trigger message, or a first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission carrying a message 1 (MSG1) .
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a priority of a subsequent R2D transmission subsequent to a first D2R transmission with respect to uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category is associated with a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed. A priority of a second D2R transmission subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission with respect to uplink transmissions of the at least one second category is associated with a number of A-IoT devices to transmit the second D2R transmission. The first D2R transmission carries a message 1 (MSG1) , the subsequent R2D transmission carries a message 2 (MSG2) , the second D2R transmission carries a message 3 (MSG3) .
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a priority of the A-IoT transmision with respect to uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category is associated with at least one of the following: the energy status of the A-IoT devices associated with the A-IoT transmision; the duration that has last for the A-IoT transmision; or the remaing duration for the A-IoT transmision.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communications system of Topology 2 of an A-IoT system associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 1C illustrates an example procedure of a radom access procedure of an inventory procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate example procedures for resource allocation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of available resources for Uu in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of flexible resources within an allocated resource for A-IoT in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate examples of timelines for scheduling of uplink transmissions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method that support handling of collision of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIGS. 9 through 10 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a device that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. and
[0048] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0050] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0051] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0052] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0053] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0054] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 6G radio (6GR) , 5G new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0055] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a 6G NB, a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with the same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0056] As used herein, the term “user equipment (UE) ” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “UE, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0057] As used herein, the term “A-IoT device” refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities. For the A-IoT device, energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source. The A-IoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc. Compared with low-power and wide-coverage services, such as narrow band (NB) IoT, and enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) , A-IoT has lower complexity and lower power consumption, and is suitable for more application scenarios.
[0058] As used herein, the term “device-to-reader (D2R) transmission” refers to a transmission performed by an A-IoT device and transmitted to a reader (such as a BS, an intermediate node, an assisting node, or a UE) . As used herein, the term “reader-to-device (R2D) transmission” refers to a transmission performed by a reader and transmitted to an A-IoT device.
[0059] In the present disclosure, the term “a D2R transmission” and the phrase “a transmission from an A-IoT device to a reader” may be used interchangeably in some cases.
[0060] In the present disclosure, the term “an R2D transmission” and the phrase “a transmission from a reader to an A-IoT device” may be used interchangeably in some cases.
[0061] As used herein, the term “uplink transmission” refers to a transmission performed by a UE and transmitted to a base station. As used herein, the term “downlink transmission” refers to a transmission performed by a base station and transmitted to a UE. The uplink transmission and the downlink transmission are communications over a Uu interface.
[0062] Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0063] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0064] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , a 6G NB, or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0065] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0066] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0067] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0068] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0069] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0070] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0071] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0073] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0074] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , a 5G core (5GC) , or a 6G core (6GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0076] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0078] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0079] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0081] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0082] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0083] A wireless communication system may include an A-IoT device, which has a lower capability in terms of complexity and power consumption. Such wireless communication system may also be referred to as an A-IoT system. Multiple topologies, for example, Topologies 1 to 4, are supported for the A-IoT device. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a BS. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node (also referred to intermediate device) between the A-IoT device and a BS. In Topology 3, the A-IoT device communicates unidirectionally with a BS and communicates unidirectionally with an assisting node. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE.
[0084] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication system of the above Topology 2 of an A-IoT system. As shown in FIG. 1B, in Topology 2, an A-IoT device 121 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate device 122 between the A-IoT device 121 and the base station 123. In this topology, the intermediate device 122 may be implemented as a UE which is capable of A-IoT. The intermediate device 122 is also referred to as the reader of the A-IoT system, and the A-IoT device 121 is also referred to as the device of the A-IoT system. The intermediate device 122 transfers A-IoT data and / or signalling between the base station 123 and the A-IoT device 121.
[0085] The above communication devices involved in Topology 2 may be implemented by devices involved in the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the base station 123 may be implemented by the network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. For example, the intermediate device 122 (when implemented by a UE) may be implemented by the UE 104 in FIG. 1A.
[0086] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1B is for illustration purposes only without suggesting any limitations. The A-IoT system shown in FIG. 1B may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices. Further, the communications in the A-IoT system may be performed according to any suitable communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future (such as 4G, 5G, 6G, etc. ) .
[0087] An inventory procedure has been supported in the A-IoT system. The reader performs an R2D transmission carrying a paging message. The paging message indicates the number of access slots. The A-IoT device may select one access slot from the multiple access slots indicated in the paging message. If the current access slot is the selected access slot, the A-IoT device may perform a random access procedure involving a first D2R transmission carrying a MSG1, a subsequent R2D transmission carrying a MSG2, and a second D2R transmission carrying a MSG3. The A-IoT device may transmit MSG1 in an access occasion within the selected access slot. An example procedure of a radom access procedure of the inventory procedure is shown in FIG. 1C. As used herein, the term “access slot” refers to a duration between neighouring access occasion trigger messages or between the paging message and an access occasion trigger message in an inventory procedure. An inventory procedure may include at least one access slot. The random access may be performed within an access slot. For example, an access slot may include resources for MSG1, MSG2 and MSG3 of a contention-based random access (CBRA) procedure.
[0088] The timeline details of the random access procedure is shown in the following Table 1. Table 1
[0089] Table 2 shows an example of Toffset1, Toffset3 and the reference chip duration T_chip_ref. Table 2
[0090] For D2R transmission, the minimum bit duration Tb is 1.39μs. An example of supported values of bit duration Tb, chip duration Tchip and small frequency shift factor R is shown in Table 3. Table 3
[0091] Release 20 (Rel-20) will support deployment scenario 2 with Topology 2, where an intermediate UE may be the reader of the A-IoT system. For deployment scenario 2 with Topology 2, the following is supported: frequency range 1 (FR1) licensed spectrum in frequency division duplex (FDD) , with R2D in uplink (UL) spectrum, and D2R and carrier wave (CW) in UL spectrum. Simultaneous (time overlapping) operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band is not supported. Operations to aovid or handle collision of Uu and A-IoT need to be designed.
[0092] The R2D transmission occupies multiple OFDM symbols. The duration of R2D transmission is mainly depended on the value of M, which could be 2 / 6 / 12 / 24. For example, for 32bits payload of Passive-Random-Access Downlink Channel (PRDCH) , 3 OFDM symbols are needed when M is 24 and 28 OFDM symbols are needed when M is 2.
[0093] The duration of D2R transmission is impacted by lots of parameters, Table 4 shows the minimum and maximum duration of MSG1 transmission (16bits) and MSG3 transmission (96bits) . From Table 4, the duration of MSG1 transmission and the duration of MSG3 transmission are varied in a large range. For example, the duration of MSG1 transmission could be from 73.61us to 69.6ms. The duration of MSG3 transmission could be from 132.29us to 155.27ms. Table 4
[0094] According to the work item description (WID) for topology 2, the communication of A-IoT system including R2D and D2R are both on FDD-UL spectrum. However, for Uu interface, the uplink transmission of intermediate UE is also on FDD-UL spectrum. Thus, the operation between uplink transmission and A-IoT communication of intermediate UE shall be considered. As mentioned above, simultaneous (time overlapping) operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band is not supported. To support non-simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band, two ways could be considered in general: - Way#1: Try to avoid simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band; - Way#2: If simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band will happen, define the behaviours of the intermediate UE.
[0095] In view of the above, how to avoid simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band needs to be studied. Alternatively, the behaviours of the intermediate UE in case of simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band needs to be studied.
[0096] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions to resolve the above issues that occurred in the A-IoT communication system or any other applicable issue that the solutions can solve. In a first aspect of the present disclosure, an intermediate UE (for example, a reader) receives, from a base station, information for a resource allocated for an A-IoT communication. At least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The intermediate UE may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource. In some implementations, the intermediate UE may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station. The one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication. In some alternative implementations, the intermediate UE may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource. In some alternative implementations, the intermediate UE may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on a release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource. In this way, simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE may be avoided.
[0097] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, if a first resource allocated for an A-IoT transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the intermediate UE (for example, a reader) and a base station are overlapped, the intermediate UE may perform one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission. In this way, the behaviours of the intermediate UE in case of simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE in the same band may be designed.
[0098] It is to be understood that the terms used herein may be interchangeably used with other terminologies (but with same or similar functions) that might be used in future wireless communication system such as 6G.
[0099] FIG. 2 illustrates an example process 200 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. The process 200 may involve the intermediate device 122 and the base station 123 as shown in FIG. 1B. The intermediate device 122 may be implemented as a UE with an A-IoT reader capability, and may also be referred to as a UE reader or an intermediate UE / node. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0100] As shown in FIG. 2, the base station 123 transmits (202) information 204 for a resource allocated for an A-IoT communication to the intermediate UE 122. At least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the intermediate UE 122 and the base station 123 is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The intermediate UE 122 receives (206) the information 204 from the base station 123. The intermediate UE 122 performs (226) at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource. Accordingly, the base station 123 performs or skips performing (228) the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource.
[0101] In a first example embodiment, the base station 123 may transmit (208) respective indications 204 of one or more parameters to the intermediate UE 122. The one or more parameters may be associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication. The intermediate UE 122 may receive (212) the respective indications 204 of the one or more parameters from the base station 123. The intermediate UE 122 may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the respective indications 204 of the one or more parameters. Accordingly, the base station 123 may perform or skip performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the respective indications 204 of the one or more parameters. Based on the parameters of the A-IoT transmissions, the base station and the intermediate UE may be aligned with whether to and how to perform the uplink transmissions in each candidate resource located within the allocated resource for A-IoT communication. In this way, simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE may be avoided.
[0102] In some implementations, the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may include specific parameter values. Alternatively, a plurality of candidate parameter values may be preconfigured or predefined, and the the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may include indices corresponding to candidate parameter values of the one or more parameters. Although the respecitive indications 210 of the one or more parameters are shown to be transmitted after the information 204, the respective indications 210 may be transmitted simultaneously with or before the information 204.
[0103] In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions may include a first R2D transmission and a first D2R transmission within the access slot. The first R2D transmission within the access slot may carry a paging message or an access occaion trigger message. The first D2R transmission within the access slot may carry a MSG1. The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions may include a resource between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission. For example, the resource between the R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the D2R transmission carrying MSG1 may be regarded as a candidate resource for uplink transmissions. The base station may transmit, to the intermediate UE, parameters related to the R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and parameters related to the D2R transmission carrying MSG1. The intermediate UE may determine the candidate resource for uplink transmissions based on the parameters related to the R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the parameters related to the D2R transmission carrying MSG1. Thus, the base station and the intermediate UE may be aligned with the resource location of the candidate resource for uplink transmissions. The intermediate UE may perform uplink transmissions within the candidate resources determined based on the parameters, thus avoiding simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE.
[0104] In some implementations, the one or more parameters may include a start timing of the first R2D transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more parameters may include a M value of the first R2D transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more parameters may include at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0105] In some example implementations, the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may be transmitted from the base station 123 to the intermediate UE 122 before the first R2D transmission of each access slot of an inventory procedure. For example, the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may be transmitted to the intermediate UE 122 simultaneously with the resource allocation for the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission of the access slot. In this way, the accuracy of estimating the resource location of the candidate resource for uplink transmissions may be improved for both the base station and the intermediate UE. In some examples, if the access slot is triggered by a paging message, i.e., the access slot is the first access slot of an inventory procedure, the indicated parameters in the indications 210 may include a start timing of the first R2D transmission, a M value of the first R2D transmission and at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission. In some alternative examples, if the access slot is triggered by an access occasion trigger message, i.e., the access slot is not the first access slot of an inventory procedure, the indicated parameters in the indications 210 may include a start timing of the first R2D transmission and a M value of the first R2D transmission. The parameters associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission indicated for the first access slot may be reused for subsequent access slots of the same inventory procedure.
[0106] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission. Alternatively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission.
[0107] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values for the first D2R transmission. Alterantively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a bit duration and a maximum SFS value for the first D2R transmission.
[0108] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission. Alternatively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a lower limit of the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.
[0109] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may include a symbol number. The offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission may be no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.
[0110] Alternatively or additionally, the one or more transmissions may include a subsequent R2D transmission and a second D2R transmission within the access slot. The subsequent R2D transmission may be subsequent to the first D2R transmission and the second D2R transmission may be subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission. The subsequent R2D transmission may carry a MSG2. The second D2R transmission may carry a MSG3. The at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions may include a resource between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission. For example, the resource between the R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the D2R transmission carrying MSG3 may be regarded as a candidate resource for uplink transmissions. The base station may transmit, to the intermediate UE, parameters related to the R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and parameters related to the D2R transmission carrying MSG3. The intermediate UE may determine the candidate resource for uplink transmissions based on the parameters related to the R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the parameters related to the D2R transmission carrying MSG3. Thus, the base station and the intermediate UE may be aligned with the resource location of the candidate resource for uplink transmissions. The intermediate UE may perform uplink transmissions within the candidate resources determined based on the parameters, thus avoiding simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE.
[0111] In some implementations, the one or more parameters may include a start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more parameters may include a M value of the subsequent R2D transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more parameters may include a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more parameters may include at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.
[0112] In some example implementations, the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may be transmitted from the base station 123 to the intermediate UE 122 before the subsequent R2D transmission of each access slot of an inventory procedure. For example, the respective indications 210 of the one or more parameters may be transmitted to the intermediate UE 122 simultaneously with the resource allocation for the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission of the access slot. In this way, the accuracy of estimating the resource location of the candidate resource for uplink transmissions may be improved for both the base station and the intermediate UE.
[0113] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission. Alternatively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission.
[0114] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values for the second D2R transmission. Alternatively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a bit duration and a maximum SFS value for the second D2R transmission.
[0115] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission. Alternatively, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a lower limit of the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission;
[0116] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include a symbol number. The offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may be no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.
[0117] In some examples, the at least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission may include an indication of applying forward error correction (FEC) to the second D2R transmission or not.
[0118] In a second example embodiment, the base station 123 may transmit (214) respective scheduling information 216 for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource to the intermediate UE 122. The intermediate UE 122 may monitor (218) the respective scheduling information 216 for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource from the base station 123. The intermediate UE 122 may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the monitoring of the respective scheduling information 216 for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource. Accordingly, the base station 123 may perform or skip performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the transmission of the respective scheduling information 216 for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource. Based on transmission / monitoring of the respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in each candidate resource, the base station and the intermediate UE may be aligned with whether to perform the uplink transmissions in each candidate resource located within the allocated resource for A-IoT communication. For example, an allocated resource for A-IoT communications (e.g., for an inventory procedure) may include multiple pre-reserved / flexible resources. These pre-reserved / flexible resources may be regarded as candidate resources for uplink transmissions. Whether a pre-reserved / flexible resource is to be used for uplink transmissions or is released to be used for A-IoT communications may depends on the transmission / monitoring of the scheduling information for uplink transmissions within this pre-reserved / flexible resource. In this way, simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE may be avoided.
[0119] Although the respective scheduling information 216 for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource is shown to be transmitted after the information 204, the respective scheduling information 216 may be transmitted simultaneously with or before the information 204.
[0120] In some implementations, if the respective scheduling information 216 is received for the candidate resource, the intermediate UE 122 may perform the uplink transmissions in the candidate resource based on the respective scheduling information 216. Alternatively, if no respective scheduling information is not received for the candidate resource, the intermediate UE 122 may determine the candidate resource to be a valid resource for the A-IoT communication. In other words, for one pre-reserved / flexible resource, if no scheduling information for uplink transmissions within this resource is received from the base station, the intermediate UE may assume that the pre-reserved / flexible resource is released by the base station and can be used by the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication; otherwise, the pre-reserved / flexible resource is used for uplink transmissions and cannot be used by the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication
[0121] In some embodiments, the monitoring of the respective scheduling information 216 for the candidate resource may be performed before a gap from the candidate resource. In other words, for one pre-reserved / flexible resource, if no scheduling information for uplink transmissions within this resource is received from the base station before a gap from this resource, the intermediate UE may assume that the pre-reserved / flexible resource is released by the base station and can be used by the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication. In some examples, the gap may correspond to a minimum slot offset in a configured list of slot offsets. Alternatively, the gap may correspond to an indicated value from a configured list of slot offsets. Alternatively, the gap may correspond to an indicated number of slots. In some examples, the gap may be associated with a respective usage of the candidate resource. A respective usage of the candidate resource may be for PUSCH transmissions only, or for PUCCH transmissions only, or for PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions.
[0122] In some implementations, each of the at least one candidate resource may be predefined to be used for PUSCH transmissions. Alternatively, each of the at least one candidate resource may be predefined to be used for PUCCH transmissions. Alternatively, each of the at least one candidate resource may be predefined to be used for PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions. For example, the pre-reserved / flexible resources within the allocated resource for A-IoT communication could be predefined to be used for PUSCH only, for PUCCH only or for PUSCH / PUCCH. In some alternatively implementations, the intermediate UE 122 may receive, from the base station 123, an indication of respective usages of the at least one candidate resource. A respective usage of a candidate resource among the at least one candidate resource may be one of: PUSCH transmissions; PUCCH transmissions; or PUSCH transmissions and PUCCH transmissions. For example, in the resource allocation for A-IoT communication, the base station could indicate to the intermediated UE the respective usages of pre-reserved / flexible resources within the allocated resource for A-IoT communication.
[0123] In a third example embodiment, the base station 123 may transmit (220) a release indication 222 for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource to the intermediate UE 122. The intermediate UE 122 may receive (224) the release indication 222 for the one or more candidate resources from the base station 123. The intermediate UE 122 may perform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the release indication 222 for the one or more candidate resources. Accordingly, the base station 123 may perform or skip performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on the release indication 222 for the one or more candidate resources. Based on the release indication for candidate resources, the base station and the intermediate UE may be aligned with whether to perform the uplink transmissions in each candidate resource located within the allocated resource for A-IoT communication. For example, an allocated resource for A-IoT communications (e.g., for an inventory procedure) may include multiple pre-reserved / flexible resources. These pre-reserved / flexible resources may be regarded as candidate resources for uplink transmissions. Whether a pre-reserved / flexible resource is to be used for uplink transmissions or is released to be used for A-IoT communications may depends on a release indication for the pre-reserved / flexible resources. In this way, simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE may be avoided.
[0124] Although the release indication 222 is shown to be transmitted after the information 204, the release indication 222 may be transmitted simultaneously with the information 204.
[0125] In some implementations, based on the release indication 222, the one or more candidate resources may be valid resources for the A-IoT communication and thus cannot be used for uplink transmissions. In some some implementations, remaining candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource may be valid resources for the uplink transmissions and thus cannot be used for A-IoT communications.
[0126] Hereinbefore, some embodiments of avoiding the simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE are described in general terms. Hereinafter, some implementations of avoiding the simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE will be further detailed in regard to FIGS. 3-7B.
[0127] In the first implementation, the base station may allocate resources for A-IoT communications and indicate the parameters related to the A-IoT transmission / reception to avoid the overlapping between uplink transmission and A-IoT communications.
[0128] For the resource allocation to the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication, three methods may be considered. In a first resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources to the intermediate UE for the whole inventory procedure. In a second resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources to the intermediate UE for each access slot. In a third resource allocation method, for each access slot, the base station may allocate resources to the intermediate UE for the first R2D transmission carry paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying message, and may allocate resources to the intermediate UE for the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3.
[0129] For the first resource allocation method, it is difficult for the base station to estimate the exact transmission timing of each R2D transmission and reception timing of each D2R transmission, and it is also difficult for the base station to avoid simultaneous operation of uplink transmission and A-IoT communication at the intermediate UE. However, for the second resource allocation method and the third resource allocation method, the resource allocation granularity is finer than the first resource allocation method, and the avoidance of simultaneous operation of uplink transmission and A-IoT communication at the intermediate UE is possible.
[0130] FIG. 3 illustrates an example procedure for resource allocation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, for the second resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources to the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication before each access slot. Within each access slot, there may be a first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message, a first D2R transmission carrying MSG1, a subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 (depending on the detection of MSG1) , and a second D2R transmission carrying MSG3 (depending on detection of MSG1 and MSG2) . As shown in FIG. 3, within one access slot, there may be some gaps between the R2D transmissions and the D2R transmissions. To avoid simultaneous operation of uplink transmission and A-IoT communication at the intermediate UE, the base station may schedule the uplink transmissions within these gaps. However, due to large sampling frequency offset (SFO) of A-IoT devices, the exact timing location of some gaps cannot be estimated or controlled by the base station, e.g., the gap between two MSG1 resources, the gap between a MSG2 resource and a MSG3 resource. In the example in FIG. 3, Toffset1 is easy for the base station to estimate the exact timing location and avoid the simultaneous operation of uplink transmission and A-IoT communication at the intermediate UE. To align the timing location of Toffset1 between the base station and the intermediate UE, the base station may indicate some parameters related to the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1.
[0131] For example, for the first access slot, the starting time of Toffset1 may be related to the duration of the first R2D transmission carrying paging message, and the length of Toffset1 may be related to the reference D2R transmission chip duration of the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1 and M value of the first R2D transmission carrying paging message for some reference D2R transmission chip duration. Thus, together with the resource allocation to the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication, following information may be indicated by the base station to the intermediate UE: start timing of the first R2D transmission carrying paging message which may be the starting of the allocated resource; M value of the first R2D transmission carrying paging message to determine the duration of R2D transmission; and information about required duration of the gap between the first R2D transmission carrying paging message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1 in time domain. Regarding the information about the required duration of the gap between the first R2D transmission carrying paging message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1 in time domain, various options may be considered.
[0132] In a first option, the base station may indicate a reference D2R transmission chip duration to the intermediate UE for the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1. The reference D2R transmission chip duration may be determined by the bit duration and the maximum small frequency shift. In this option, the intermediate UE may determine the bit duration for the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1 and the set of small frequency shift values based on the indicated reference D2R transmission chip duration.
[0133] For example, the base station may indicate the reference D2R transmission chip duration from a list of {133.33us, 66, 67us, 33.33us, 16.67us, 8.33us , 4.17us, 2.08us, 1.04us, 0.69us } or {66.67us, 8.33us, 4.17us, 0.69us} since one Toffset1 may be associated to multiple reference D2R transmission chip length. Then, the intermediate UE may determine the bit duration of the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1 and a set of small frequency shift values to meet the indicated reference D2R transmission reference chip duration.
[0134] In a first sub-option, the actual reference D2R transmission chip duration may be the same as the indicated reference D2R transmission reference chip duration. For example, the base station may indicate reference D2R transmission chip length of 33.33us, and the intermediate UE may determine to use of the bit duration and maximum small frequency shift from one of the following: a bit duration of 266.67us with maximum small frequency shift value being 4 (SFS set= {1, 2, 4} or {1, 4} or {2, 4} , or {4} ) ; a bit duration of 133.33us with maximum small frequency shift value being 2 (SFS set= {1, 2} or {2} ) ; a bit duration is 66.67us with maximum small frequency shift value being 1 (SFS set= {1} ) .
[0135] In a second sub-option, the actual reference D2R transmission chip duration may be no smaller than the indicated reference D2R transmission chip duration to ensure that the actual Toffset1 is not shorter than Toffset1 associated to the indicated reference D2R transmission chip duration. For example, the base station may indicate reference D2R transmission chip length of 33.33us, and the intermediate UE may determine to use a bit duration of 266.67us with maximum small frequency shift value being <=16, or may determine to use a bit duration of 133.33us with maximum small frequency shift value being <=8, or may determine to use of the bit duration and maximum small frequency shift from one of the following: a bit duration is 66.67us with maximum small frequency shift value being <=4; or a bit duration of 33.33us with maximum small frequency shift value being <=2; or a bit duration of 16.67us with maximum small frequency shift value being 1.
[0136] In a second option, the base station may indicate a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift values or a maximum small frequency shift to the intermediate UE for the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1. In this option, the reference D2R transmission chip duration may be aligned between the base station and the intermediate UE. The intermediate UE is directly indicated with the bit duration and the set of small frequency shift values or the maximum small frequency shift, with the restriction that the maximum small frequency shift is not larger than the indicated maximum small frequency shift or the maximum small frequency shift is same as the indicated maximum small frequency shift.
[0137] In a third option, the base station may indicate the value of Toffset1 to the intermediate UE. The intermediate UE may determine the bit duration and the set of small frequency shift values to satisfy the indicated Toffset1. The actual Toffset1 is same as indicated Toffset1 or the actual Toffset1 is not shorter than indicated Toffset1. The indicated Toffset1 may be from a list of possible values, e.g., {1333.4us, 666.6us, 133.32us} .
[0138] For example, if the base station indicates to the intermediate UE that Toffset1 is 666.6us, if the actual Toffset1 is same as indicated Toffset1, the bit duration and maximum small frequency shift may be one of the following:
[0139] Tb=266.67us, maximum small frequency shift is 16;
[0140] Tb=133.33us, maximum small frequency shift is 8;
[0141] Tb=66.67us, maximum small frequency shift is 4;
[0142] Tb=33.33us, maximum small frequency shift is 2; or
[0143] Tb=16.67us, maximum small frequency shift is 1.
[0144] In another example, if the base station indicates to the intermediate UE that Toffset1 is 666.6us, if actual Toffset1 is not shorter than indicated Toffset1, the bit duration and maximum small frequency shift may be one of the following:
[0145] Tb=266.67us, maximum small frequency shift is <=16;
[0146] Tb=133.33us, maximum small frequency shift is <=8;
[0147] Tb=66.67us, maximum small frequency shift is <=4;
[0148] Tb=33.33us, maximum small frequency shift is <=2; or
[0149] Tb=16.67us, maximum small frequency shift is 1.
[0150] In a fourth option, the base station may indicate a number of OFDM symbols to the intermediate UE. The intermediate UE determines the bit duration and the set of small frequency shift value to ensure Toffset1 is not shorter than the duration of the indicated number of OFDM symbols.
[0151] For other access slot, the base station may indicate the M value of R2D transmission carrying access occasion trigger message. In some examples, in an inventory procedure, the scheduling information of MSG1 is only carried by paging message, and for other access slots, same scheduling information of MSG1 may be used, including the bit duration and the small frequency shift. Thus, other access slots, the base station only needs to indicate following information of the intermediate UE together with resource allocation: start timing of R2D transmission carrying access occasion trigger message which may be the starting of the allocated resource; and M value of R2D transmission carrying access occasion trigger message to determine the duration of R2D transmission
[0152] FIG. 4 illustrates another example procedure for resource allocation in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the third resource allocation method involves two steps of resource allocations for each access slot to the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication. The first step of resource allocation may involve resource allocation for the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1. The second step of resource allocation may involve resource allocation for the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3.
[0153] For the allocated resource for the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1, to align the timing location of Toffset1 between the base station and the intermediate UE, the base station may indicate some parameters related to the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG1. The same solutions as illustrated with respect to FIG. 3 may be applied to the first step of resource allocation in FIG. 4, and detailed description thereof may be omitted.
[0154] For the allocated resource for the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3, the gap between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission, e.g., Toffset3, may be used by the intermediate UE for uplink transmission since the length of Toffset3 may be in several OFDM symbols. The timing of Toffset3 may be related to duration of the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2. The length of the second R2D transmission carrying MSG2 depends on M value and the number of A-IoT devices to be echoed which may be different to the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message. The length of Toffset3 may be related to a reference D2R transmission chip duration for the subsequent D2R transmission carrying MSG2, the R2D transmission chip length for some reference D2R transmission chip durations, and whether FEC is used for the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3 for some reference D2R transmission chip durations.
[0155] Together with the second step of resource allocation to the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication, the base station may indicate following information to the intermediate UE: start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG 2 which may be the starting of the allocated resource; M value of the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG 2 to determine the duration of the subsequent R2D transmission; the number of A-IoT devices to be echoed if the base station knows total A-IoT devices to be echoed, otherwise the number of A-IoT devices to be echoed is 1; and information about the length of gap between the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3. Regarding the information about the gap between the subsequent R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3, various options may be considered:
[0156] In a first option, the base station may indicate a reference D2R transmission chip duration to the intermediate UE for the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3. Thee intermediate UE may determine the bit duration of the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3 and a set of small frequency shift values to meet the indicated reference D2R transmission reference chip duration. In a first sub-option, the actual reference D2R transmission chip duration may be the same as the indicated reference D2R transmission reference chip duration. In a second sub-option, the actual reference D2R transmission chip duration may be no smaller than the indicated reference D2R transmission chip duration to ensure that the actual Toffset3 is not shorter than Toffset3 associated to the indicated reference D2R transmission chip duration. For the reference D2R transmission chip duration within {4.17us, 2.08, 1.04, 0.69us} , the base station also indicates whether FEC is used by the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3
[0157] In a second option, the base station may indicate a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift values or a maximum small frequency shift to the intermediate UE for the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3. If the reference D2R transmission chip duration determined by the indicated bit duration and the maximum small frequency shift is within {4.17us, 2.08, 1.04, 0.69us} , the base station also indicates whether FEC is used by the second D2R transmission carrying MSG3.
[0158] In a third option, the base station may indicate the value of Toffset3 to the intermediate UE. The intermediate UE may determine the bit duration and the set of small frequency shift values to satisfy the indicated Toffset3. The actual Toffset3 is same as indicated Toffset3 or the actual Toffset3 is not shorter than indicated Toffset3.
[0159] In a fourth option, the base station may indicate a number of OFDM symbols to the intermediate UE. The intermediate UE determines the bit duration and the set of small frequency shift value to ensure Toffset3 is not shorter than the duration of the indicated number of OFDM symbols.
[0160] In a fifth option, the same gap as the previous gap between the first R2D transmission carrying paging message / access occasion trigger message and the first D2R transmission carrying MSG 1 shall be avoided.
[0161] For the third option and the fourth option, the intermediate UE may determine the bit duration and small frequency shift values to ensure the gap between R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and D2R transmission carrying MSG3 is not shorted than the indicated duration associated to the third option and the fourth option. Whether FEC is used or not may be determined by the intermediate UE.
[0162] FIG. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of available resources for Uu in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5A, the base station may indicate Toffset1 or the number of OFDM symbols or the duration to the intermediate UE. Considering SFO of A-IoT device, the base station may use the first part (i.e., Toffset1-Toffset1*SFO) within the duration to schedule uplink transmissions of the intermediate UE. As shown in FIG. 5B, the base station may indicate Toffset3 or the number of OFDM symbols or the duration to the intermediate UE. Considering SFO of A-IoT device, the base station may use the first part (i.e., Toffset3-Toffset3*SFO) within the duration to schedule uplink transmissions of the intermediate UE.
[0163] In a second implementation, there may be pre-reserved / flexible resources for uplink transmission and these resources may be used for uplink transmission or may be released for A-IoT communications based on the Uu scheduling / indication.
[0164] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of flexible resources within an allocated resource for A-IoT in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the base station may allocate resources for A-IoT communication, e.g., a long duration resource. Within the allocated resource, the base station may indicate some resources as pre-reserved / flexible resources which may be used by the intermediate UE for uplink transmissions or for A-IoT communication based on certain conditions. The pre-reserved / flexible resources may be periodic or discrete in time domain.
[0165] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate examples of timelines for scheduling of uplink transmissions in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7A, a DCI in slot n may schedule a PUSCH transmission in slot n+K2. For the PUSCH transmission based on DCI scheduling, a list of slot offsets, e.g., K2, may be configured. As shown in FIG. 7B, a DCI in slot n may schedule a PDSCH transmission in slot n+K0 and a PUCCH transmission in slot n+K1. For the PUCCH transmission based on DCI scheduling, a list of slot offsets K0 and a list of slot offsets K1 may be configured.
[0166] For topology 2 of A-IoT, operations on FDD band, e.g., R2D transmission and D2R transmission are both on FDD-UL spectrum. There may be no impact on the reception of Uu downlink. The pre-reserved / flexible resources may be used by the intermediate UE with some conditions.
[0167] In some examples, the pre-reserved / flexible resources may be used for PUSCH only. In some examples, the pre-reserved / flexible resources may be used for PUCCH only. In some examples, the pre-reserved / flexible resources may be used for PUSCH / PUCCH. In some examples, the usage of the pre-reserved / flexible resources may be predefined. Alternatively, in the resource allocation, the base station may also indicate to intermediated UE the usage of pre-reserved / flexible resources.
[0168] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUSCH only, for one pre-reserved / flexible resource, if the intermediate UE has not received scheduling information for PUSCH transmission within this resource from the base station before T, the intermediate UE assumes that the pre-reserved / flexible resource is released by the base station and can be used by the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication. In some examples, the time T may be the minimum K2 in the configured list of K2. In some examples, the base station may indicate one value from the configured list of K2. In some examples, the base station may indicate the time T in a level of slots.
[0169] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUSCH only, for the base station may implicitly indicate the release of one or more pre-reserved / flexible resources. For example, as in the first resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources for whole inventory procedure which may be in level of the seconds. In this case, the base station may implicitly release the pre-reserved / flexible resources.
[0170] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUCCH only, for one pre-reserved / flexible resource, if the intermediate UE has not received scheduling information for PDSCH and the associated PUUCH transmission within this resource from the base station before T, the intermediate UE assumes that the pre-reserved / flexible resource is released by the base station and can be used by the intermediate UE for A-IoT communication. In some examples, the time T may be the minimum K0+K1 in the configured lists of K0 and K1. In some examples, the base station may indicate one value from the configured list of K0 and one value from the configured list of K1. In some examples, the base station may indicate the time T in a level of slots.
[0171] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUCCH only, the base station may implicitly indicate the release of one or more pre-reserved / flexible resources. For example, as in the first resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources for whole inventory procedure which may be in level of the seconds. In this case, the base station may implicitly release the pre-reserved / flexible resources.
[0172] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUSCH or PUCCH, for one pre-reserved / flexible resource, the intermediate UE may use the pre-reserved / flexible resource for A-IoT communication if the intermediate UE has not received scheduling information for PUSCH transmission within this resource from the base station before T and the intermediate UE has not received scheduling information for PDSCH and the associated PUUCH transmission within this resource from the base station before T. The T may be indicated by the base station in a level of slots.
[0173] In some embodiments, if the pre-reserved / flexible resources are for PUSCH or PUCCH, the base station may implicitly indicate the release of one or more pre-reserved / flexible resources. For example, as in the first resource allocation method, the base station may allocate resources for whole inventory procedure which may be in level of the seconds. In this case, the base station may implicitly release the pre-reserved / flexible resources.
[0174] In default, the intermediate UE cannot use the pre-reserved / flexible resources for A-IoT communication if they are not released. The intermediate UE may avoid using the pre-reserved / flexible resource for A-IoT communication by its implementation. For example, the intermediate UE may adjust the parameters of R2D transmission and D2R transmission to avoid the overlapping between pre-reserved / flexible resource and R2D transmission / D2R transmission. In another example, the intermediate UE may adjust the timing of R2D transmission to locate the pre-reserved / flexible resource in the gap between R2D transmission and D2R transmission.
[0175] With some embodiments with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7B, an alignment may be reached between the base station and the intermediate UE regarding the resources to be used for uplink transmissions. A-IoT communications may be performed outside the resources to be used for uplink transmissions. The base station may schedule uplink transmissions within the resources to be used for uplink transmissions. In this way, simultaneous operation of Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE may be avoided. In this way, it is possible to improve communication efficiency in the A-IoT system and Uu interface.
[0176] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method that support handling of collision of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 (e.g., a UE with an A-IoT reader capability) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware. In some embodiments, the method 800 may be implemented in combination with or independently from the process 200 as shown in FIG. 2.
[0177] At 810, the method may include determining that a first resource allocated for an A-IoT transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 as described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0178] At 820, the method may include performing one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 as described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0179] In this way, the intermediate UE only performs operations of one interface based on some rules. In this way, some solutions are provided for the scenario that the intermediate UE has uplink transmission and A-IoT transmission / reception on overlapping resources (e.g., if the overlapping between Uu and A-IoT at the intermediate UE cannot be avoided) .
[0180] In some embodiments, the predefined priority rule may include that A-IoT transmissions have a higher priority than uplink transmissions. In other words, A-IoT transmission / reception is always prioritized to uplink transmission. That is, A-IoT is always prioritized to Uu. If an uplink transmission is overlapping with A-IoT transmission / reception, the intermediate UE only performs R2D transmission or D2R transmission reception and drop the uplink transmission.
[0181] In some alternative embodiments, the predefined priority rule may include that A-IoT transmissions have a lower priority than uplink transmissions. In other words, uplink transmission is always prioritized to A-IoT transmission / reception. That is, Uu is always prioritized to A-IoT. If an uplink transmission is overlapping with A-IoT transmission / reception, the intermediate UE only performs uplink transmission and drop the whole R2D transmission or D2R transmission reception which has overlapping with uplink transmission (including partial or full overlapping) .
[0182] In some embodiments, the predefined priority rule may be associated with a category of the uplink transmission. In some implementations, uplink transmissions of at least one first category may have higher priorities than A-IoT transmissions. In some examples, uplink transmissions of the at least one first category may include at least one of the following: physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions, PUSCH transmissions scheduled by an uplink grant in a random access response and coresponding retransmissions, PUSCH transmissions for Type-2 random access procedure and coresponding retransmission, PUCCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information in response to a successful random access response, PUCCH transmissions indicated by a downlink control information (DCI) format 1-0 with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a corresponding temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (TC-RNTI) , or ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) PUSCH transmissions.
[0183] Alternatively or additionally, the predefined priority rule may be associated with a category of a message carried in the A-IoT transmission. In some implementations, A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of at least one third categry may have higher priorities than uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category. In some examples, the A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of the at least one third categry may include at least one of the following: a first R2D transmission carrying a paging message, a first R2D transmission carrying an access occasion trigger message, or a first D2R transmission carrying a MSG1.
[0184] Alternatively or additionally, the predefined priority rule may be associated with a number of A-IoT devices. In some implementations, a priority of a subsequent R2D transmission carrying a MSG2 with respect to uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category may be associated with a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed. In some implementations, a priority of a second D2R transmission carrying a MSG3 with respect to uplink transmissions of the at least one second category may be associated with a number of A-IoT devices to transmit the second D2R transmission.
[0185] Alternatively or additionally, the predefined priority rule may be associated with energy status of A-IoT devices. Alternatively or additionally, the predefined priority rule may be associated with a duration that has last for the A-IoT transmission. Alternatively or additionally, the predefined priority rule may be associated with a remaing duration for the A-IoT transmission. For example, a priority of the A-IoT transmision with respect to uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category may be associated with at least one of the following: the energy status of the A-IoT devices associated with the A-IoT transmision; the duration that has last for the A-IoT transmision; or the remaing duration for the A-IoT transmision.
[0186] For example, the prioritization rules may be predefined based on the categories of uplink transmission and categories of messages carried by A-IoT R2D transmission / D2R transmission. For uplink transmission, some transmissions are very important, and they shall be guaranteed. For example, the following uplink transmissions are prioritized to A-IoT transmission / reception when overlapping with A-IoT transmission / reception: PRACH transmission, PUSCH scheduled by an UL grant in a RAR and its retransmission, PUSCH for Type-2 random access procedure and its retransmission, PUCCH with HARQ-ACK information in response to successRAR, PUCCH indicated by a DCI format 1-0 with CRC scrambled by a corresponding TC-RNTI, or URLLC PUSCH. For other uplink transmissions, the prioritization rules may be predefined in various options.
[0187] In a first option, for other uplink transmissions, the prioritization rules may be predefined based on the A-IoT message type. In some examples, transmission of R2D transmission carrying paging message is prioritized to uplink transmission. In some examples, transmission of R2D transmission carrying access occasion trigger message is prioritized to uplink transmission. This is especially beneficial for A-IoT device 1 since the A-IoT device might need to monitor long time to assess whether its access is failed or not if the intermediate UE dropped transmission of R2D transmission carrying access occasion trigger message. In some examples, the prioritization of transmission of R2D transmission carrying MSG2 and uplink transmission may be further based on the number of A-IoT devices to be echoed in this MSG2. For example, a threshold may be predefined for the number (e.g., 4) or may be configured by the base station to the intermediate UE. If the actual number of A-IoT devices to be echoed is larger than the predefined / configured number, transmission of R2D transmission carrying MSG2 is prioritized to uplink transmission; otherwise uplink transmission is prioritized to transmission of R2D transmission carrying MSG2. In some examples, reception of D2R transmission carrying MSG1 is prioritized to uplink transmission. In some examples, reception of D2R transmission carrying MSG3 is prioritized to uplink transmission depending on the number of A-IoT devices to transmit D2R transmission carrying MSG3 (FDMed of MSG3) . For example, a threshold may be predefined for the number (e.g., 4) or may be configured by the base station to the intermediate UE. If the actual number of A-IoT devices to transmit D2R transmission carrying MSG3 is larger than the predefined / configured number, reception of D2R transmission carrying MSG3 is prioritized to uplink transmission; otherwise, uplink transmission is prioritized to reception of D2R transmission carrying MSG3.
[0188] In a second option, for other uplink transmissions, the prioritization rules may be predefined based on the energy status of the A-IoT device. A-IoT device performs A-IoT transmission / reception based on energy harvesting. If the intermediate UE knows the energy status of the A-IoT devices which is associated to the R2D transmission / D2R transmission, the intermediate UE may determine whether to prioritize the R2D transmission / D2R transmission to uplink transmission based on the energy status of the A-IoT device. For example, if the A-IoT devices associated to the R2D transmission / D2R transmission have sufficient energy, the intermediate UE prioritize the uplink transmission to the transmission of R2D transmission or reception of D2R transmission.
[0189] In a third option, for other uplink transmissions, the prioritization rules may be predefined based on the duration of A-IoT transmission / reception. The duration of R2D transmission and D2R transmission may be very long, especially for D2R transmission which may be in tens of milliseconds or hundreds of miliseconds. In this case, if the intermediate UE just stops the transmission of R2D transmission or reception of D2R transmission in the middle of the transmission / reception, it will waste lots of resource. Thus, the intermediate UE may determine the prioritization based on the already transmitted / remaining duration of A-IoT transmission / reception. For example, for ongoing transmission / reception, if the duration of the R2D transmission / D2R transmission is larger than a value, the intermediate UE may prioritize the transmission of R2D transmission or reception of D2R transmission to uplink transmission. The value may be pre-defined or configured by the base station to the intermediate UE, for example, 50ms / 100ms.
[0190] According to some embodiments with reference to FIG. 8, the operation of A-IoT and Uu at the intermediate UE may be based on predefined rules. In this way, it is possible to improve communication efficiency in the A-IoT system and Uu interface.
[0191] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 (e.g., a UE with an A-IoT reader capability) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0192] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a base station, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 as described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0193] At 920, the method may include performing at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by an intermediate device 122 as described with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0194] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a base station 123 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0195] At 1010, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a base station 123 with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0196] At 1020, the method may include performing or skipping performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters transmitted to the UE, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; transmission of scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication transmitted to the UE for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a base station 123 with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0197] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0198] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a device 1100 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1100 may be an example of an intermediate device 122, or a base station 123 as described herein. The device 1100 may support wireless communication with one or more other devices in the A-IoT system. The device 1100 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1102, a memory 1104, a transceiver 1106, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1108. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0199] The processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0200] In some implementations, the processor 1102, the memory 1104, the transceiver 1106, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1102 and the memory 1104 coupled with the processor 1102 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1102, instructions stored in the memory 1104) .
[0201] For example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; and a means for performing at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource. Alternatively or additionally, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining that a first resource allocated for an A-IoT transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped; and a means for performing one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission.
[0202] In another example, the processor 1102 may support wireless communication at the device 1100 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1102 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; and a means for performing or skipping performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters transmitted to the UE, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; transmission of scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication transmitted to the UE for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.
[0203] The processor 1102 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1102 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1102. The processor 1102 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1104) to cause the device 1100 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0204] The memory 1104 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1104 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1102 cause the device 1100 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1102 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1104 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0205] The I / O controller 1108 may manage input and output signals for the device 1100. The I / O controller 1108 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1108 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1102. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1100 via the I / O controller 1108 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1108.
[0206] In some implementations, the device 1100 may include a single antenna 1110. However, in some other implementations, the device 1100 may have more than one antenna 1110 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1106 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1110, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1106 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1106 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1110 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1110. The transceiver 1106 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0207] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1110 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0208] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1110 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0209] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a processor 1200 that supports handling of Uu and A-IoT at an intermediate UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1200 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may include a controller 1202 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1200 may optionally include at least one memory 1204, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1200 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1206. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0210] The processor 1200 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0211] The controller 1202 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1202 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1200, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1200. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0212] The controller 1202 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1204 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1202 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1204. The controller 1202 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1202 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1200 to cause the processor 1200 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1202 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1200. The controller 1202 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1200.
[0213] The memory 1204 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1200 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1204 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the memory 1204 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1200) .
[0214] The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1200, cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1202 and / or the processor 1200 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1204 to cause the processor 1200 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1200 and / or the controller 1202 may be coupled with or to the memory 1204, and the processor 1200, the controller 1202, and the memory 1204 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1200 may include multiple processors and the memory 1204 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0215] The one or more ALUs 1206 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1206 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1200) . One or more ALUs 1206 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1206 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1206 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1206 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1206 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0216] The processor 1200 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; and a means for performing at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource. Alternatively or additionally, the processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining that a first resource allocated for an A-IoT transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped; and a means for performing one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission. In another example, the processor 1200 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; and a means for performing or skipping performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following: respective indications of one or more parameters transmitted to the UE, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication; transmission of scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; or a release indication transmitted to the UE for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.
[0217] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0218] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0219] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0220] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0221] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a base station via the transceiver, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; andperform at least one of the A-IoT communication within the allocated resource or the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following:respective indications of one or more parameters received from the base station, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication;monitoring of respective scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; ora release indication received from the base station for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more transmissions comprise:a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first R2D transmission carries a paging message or an access occasion trigger message; anda first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first D2R transmission carries a message 1 (MSG1) ,wherein the at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following:a start timing of the first R2D transmission;a M value of the first R2D transmission; orat least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following:a reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission;a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the first D2R transmission;the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission; ora symbol number, wherein the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more transmissions comprise:a subsequent R2D transmission within the access slot, wherein the subsequent R2D transmission is subsequent to a first D2R transmission, the subsequent R2D transmission carries a message 2 (MSG2) ; anda second D2R transmission within the access slot, wherein the second D2R transmission is subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission, the second D2R transmission carries a message 3 (MSG3) ,wherein the at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following:a start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission;a M value of the subsequent R2D transmission;a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed; orat least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following:a reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the second D2R transmission;a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the second D2R transmission;the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission;a symbol number, wherein the offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number; oran indication of applying forward error correction to the second D2R transmission or not.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to one of the following:perform the uplink transmissions in the candidate resource based on the respective scheduling information, wherein the respective scheduling information is received for the candidate resource; ordetermine the candidate resource to be a valid resource for the A-IoT communication, wherein the respective scheduling information is not received for the candidate resource.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the respective scheduling information for the candidate resource is performed before a gap from the candidate resource, wherein the gap is associated with a respective usage of the candidate resource,wherein the gap corresponds to one of the following:a minimum slot offset in a configured list of slot offsets,an indicated value from a configured list of slot offsets, oran indicated number of slots.10.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) via the transceiver, information for a resource allocated for an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, wherein at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions between the UE and the base station is located within the allocated resource for the A-IoT communication; andperform or skip performing the uplink transmissions within the at least one candidate resource based on one of the following:respective indications of one or more parameters transmitted to the UE, wherein the one or more parameters are associated with one or more transmissions within an access slot of the A-IoT communication;transmission of scheduling information for the uplink transmissions in a candidate resource of the at least one candidate resource; ora release indication transmitted to the UE for one or more candidate resources among the at least one candidate resource.11.The base station of claim 10, wherein the one or more transmission comprises:a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first R2D transmission carries a paging message or an access occasion trigger message; anda first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission within the access slot, wherein the first D2R transmission carries a message 1 (MSG1) ,wherein the at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.12.The base station of claim 11, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following:a start timing of the first R2D transmission;a M value of the first R2D transmission; orat least one parameter associated with an offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission.13.The base station of claim 12, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of the following:a reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the reference chip duration for the first D2R transmission;a bit duration and a set of small frequency shift (SFS) values or a maximum SFS value for the first D2R transmission;the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission or a lower limit of the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission; ora symbol number, wherein the offset between the first R2D transmission and the first D2R transmission is no smaller than a duration of the symbol number.14.The base station of claim 10, wherein the one or more transmissions comprise:a subsequent R2D transmission within the access slot, wherein the subsequent R2D transmission is subsequent to a first D2R transmission, the subsequent R2D transmission carries a message 2 (MSG2) ; anda second D2R transmission within the access slot, wherein the second D2R transmission is subsequent to the subsequent R2D transmission, the second D2R transmission carries a message 3 (MSG3) ,wherein the at least one candidate resource for uplink transmissions comprises a resource between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.15.The base station of claim 14, wherein the one or more parameters comprise at least one of the following:a start timing of the subsequent R2D transmission;a M value of the subsequent R2D transmission;a number of A-IoT devices to be echoed; orat least one parameter associated with an offset between the subsequent R2D transmission and the second D2R transmission.16.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine that a first resource allocated for an an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped; andperform one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission.17.The UE of claim 16, wherein the predefined priority rule is associated with at least one of the following:a category of the uplink transmission;a category of a message carried in the A-IoT transmission;a number of A-IoT devices;energy status of A-IoT devices;a duration that has last for the A-IoT transmission; ora remaing duration for the A-IoT transmission.18.The UE of claim 17, wherein uplink transmissions of at least one first category have higher priorities than A-IoT transmissions,wherein uplink transmissions of the at least one first category comprises at least one of the following:physical random access channel (PRACH) transmissions,PUSCH transmissions scheduled by an uplink grant in a random access response and coresponding retransmissions,PUSCH transmissions for Type-2 random access procedure and coresponding retransmission,PUCCH transmissions with HARQ-ACK information in response to a successful random access response,PUCCH transmissions indicated by a downlink control information (DCI) format 1-0 with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a corresponding temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (TC-RNTI) , orultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) PUSCH transmissions.19.The UE of claim 18, wherein A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of at least one third categry have higher priorities than uplink transmissions of at least one second category different from the at least one first category,wherein the A-IoT transmissions carrying messages of the at least one third categry comprises at least one of the following:a first reader-to-device (R2D) transmission carrying a paging message,a first R2D transmission carrying an access occasion trigger message, ora first device-to-reader (D2R) transmission carrying a message 1 (MSG1) .20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:determine that a first resource allocated for an an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) transmission and a second resource allocated for an uplink transmission between the UE and a base station are overlapped; andperform one of the A-IoT transmission in the first resource or the uplink transmission in the second resource based on a predefined priority rule associated with the A-IoT transmission and the uplink transmission.