Method and apparatus of supporting wireless communications
The introduction of reader IDs for UE readers addresses the challenge of identifying and managing UE readers in AIoT services, improving connectivity and support for AIoT devices within existing communication systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack efficient methods to support Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) services, particularly in identifying and managing UE readers for AIoT service requests, as legacy UE IDs are not compatible with AIoT reader identification.
Introduce a reader ID solution for UE readers, allowing them to act as AIoT readers by allocating unique IDs such as TMSI, GUTI, NGAP UE ID, or SUPI for non-AIoT services, and introducing new reader IDs for AIoT services, enabling efficient UE reader identification and management.
Enables effective management and identification of UE readers for AIoT services, enhancing connectivity and support for AIoT devices by ensuring compatibility with existing communication systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025125792_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS OF SUPPORTING WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques of supporting wireless communications, e.g., internet of things (IoT) , especially ambient internet of things (AIoT or A-IoT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .SUMMARY
[0003] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ” Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0004] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a first core network (CN) entity for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first CN entity to: determine a radio access network (RAN) node for a UE reader associated with an AIoT service request; and send the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on identification (ID) of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0005] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, determining the RAN node for the UE reader is based on stored RAN related information associated with the UE reader or by checking with the second CN entity or a third CN entity using UE ID or reader ID of the UE reader, and wherein the stored RAN related information is preconfigured or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is further configured to further cause the first CN entity to: determine the second CN entity for the UE reader by checking subscription data of the UE reader based on UE ID of the UE reader, or based on stored second CN entity related information associated with the UE reader, wherein the stored second CN entity related information is preconfigured or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: store mapping between the reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader, wherein the reader ID of the UE reader is allocated by the first CN entity, or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: subscribe to RAN related information associated with the UE reader by using UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity; and receive subscribed RAN related information associated with the UE reader from the second CN entity.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: receive the AIoT service request from a third-party entity, including requested UE reader related information; and perform authorization on the AIoT service request based on authorization information related to the third party entity or requested UE readers for the AIoT service request indicated by the third party entity.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: send, to the third party entity, a transaction ID to identify the AIoT service request with at least one of: recommended or allowed UE reader related information, a waiting time, or validity information associated with the requested UE reader related information.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: receive, from the RAN node via the second CN entity, an AIoT service response associated with the UE reader, including service results in response to the AIoT service request and the reader ID of the UE reader.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: retrieve second CN entity related information associated with the UE reader from a third CN entity by sending UE ID of the UE reader; send a retrieval request of UE reader related information to the second CN entity determined based on the retrieved second CN entity related information, wherein the retrieval request includes the UE ID of the UE reader; and receive, from the second CN entity, RAN related information associated with the UE reader and the reader ID of the UE reader associated with the UE ID of the UE reader.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: allocate the reader ID of the UE reader; send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to at least one of the second CN entity, or a third CN entity or the RAN node; and store mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to: in the case that the UE reader is handed over to a different RAN node served by the second CN entity, receive updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity or the different RAN node; or in the case that the UE reader is handed over to a different RAN node served by a different second CN entity, receive at least one of updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader, RAN related information of the different RAN node or second CN entity related information of the different second CN entity from the different second CN entity or the different RAN node.
[0015] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a processor for wireless communication, which may include: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine a RAN node for a UE reader associated with an AIoT service request; and send the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0016] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a second CN entity for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second CN entity to: receive, from a first CN entity, an AIoT service request with ID of a RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request is associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node; and send the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: determine a RAN node for the UE reader; and send, to the first CN entity, RAN related information associated with the UE reader, wherein the RAN related information includes ID of the RAN node.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; and send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to a RAN node serving the UE reader, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI) or global unique temporary UE ID (GUTI) or next generation application protocol (NGAP) UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a gNB NGAP UE ID and access and mobility management function (AMF) NGAP UE ID.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; and send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to a RAN node serving the UE reader via the UE reader, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of TMSI or GUTI or NGAP UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a cell-radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) .
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; and send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of TMSI or GUTI or NGAP UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) .
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: receive a retrieval request of UE reader related information from the first CN entity; and send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of TMSI or GUTI or NGAP UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes an SUPI.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; and send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to a third CN entity to store as subscription data of the UE reader, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of TMSI or GUTI or NGAP UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes an SUPI.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case that a UE reader is handed over from a first RAN node served by the second CN entity to a second RAN node served by the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: send UE reader related information to the second RAN node, including UE ID of the UE reader and at least one of reader ID of the UE reader, UE reader allowed indication, ID of the first CN entity, or service context; send updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the updated reader ID is allocated by the second CN entity or received from the second RAN node; or both.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case that a UE reader is handed over from a first RAN node served by a different second CN entity to a second RAN node served by the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to: send updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity selected by the second CN entity or to the different first CN entity based on first CN entity ID received from the different second CN entity or the first RAN node or the second RAN node, wherein the updated reader ID of the UE reader is allocated by the second CN entity or received from the second RAN node.
[0025] Some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein may further include a RAN node for wireless communication, which may include: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a first CN entity via a second CN entity, an AIoT service request associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured; and send the AIoT service request to a set of UE readers based on reader ID of the set of UE readers and associated UE ID of the set of UE readers, wherein the set of UE readers are part or all of the one or more UE readers.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader served by the RAN node, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the RAN node to: receive the reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity or from the UE reader; and store mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, for a UE reader served by the RAN node, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the RAN node to: allocate the reader ID of the UE reader; send the reader ID of the UE reader with the UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, the second CN entity, a third CN entity or a combination thereof; and store mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case that a UE reader served by the RAN node is handed over from a different RAN node served by the second CN entity or a different second CN entity to the RAN node, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the RAN node to: allocate new reader ID of the UE reader to update old reader ID of the UE reader allocated by the different RAN node; and send the new reader ID of the UE reader with the UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, the second CN entity, a third CN entity or a combination thereof; and store mapping between the new reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, in the case that a UE reader served by the RAN node is handed over from a different RAN node served by the second CN entity or a different second CN entity to the RAN node, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the RAN node to: receive UE reader related information from the different RAN node or the second CN entity or the different CN entity, including UE ID of the UE reader and at least one of reader ID of the UE reader, UE reader allowed indication, ID of the first CN entity, or service context; and send RAN related information of the RAN node to the first CN entity to update RAN related information associated with the UE reader.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] Figure 2 illustrates an example of RRC protocol stack for Topology 2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] Figure 3 illustrates examples of UE reader ID allocation procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] Figure 4 illustrates an example of AIoT service procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] Figure 9 illustrates another flowchart of method performed by a CN entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of method performed by a RAN node in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0040] IoT has attracted much attention in wireless communication world, where IoT devices usually have a smaller size, lower complexity, lower power consumption and huger number (e.g., tens or even hundreds of billion IoT devices) than existing UEs. The IoT devices are typically battery less devices with no energy storage capability, or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, for which the energy may be provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power sources that are suitable for providing energy for the devices. For simplicity, such kind of IoT devices may be referred to as AIoT devices (or “tags, ” or just "devices" in some contexts) . In other words, an AIoT device may be an IoT device with limited energy storage capability and powered by energy harvesting.
[0041] 3rd generation partnership program (3GPP) Release 19 (R19) has achieved some preliminary agreements on AIoT, and there are more normative works needed to be pursued and studied for AIoT, e.g., how to support AIoT services under the radio resource control (RRC) -based solution for UE reader connectivity.
[0042] Various aspects of the present disclosure propose that at the CN side, after receiving an AIoT service request from a third party entity, e.g., application function (AF) , either directly or indirectly (e.g., via network exposure function (NEF) ) , an AIoT function (AIoTF) or the like may determine a RAN node (AIoT enable) for each UE reader associated with the AIoT service request, e.g., determining the ID of the RAN node based on local stored RAN related information or by checking with other CN NF (s) , e.g., serving access and mobility management functions (AMF) or the like for the UE reader. The UE reader may be requested by the AF, or selected by the AIoTF as a candidate UE reader or final UE reader for the AIoT service request. The AIoTF may also determine the reader ID of the associated UE reader, which may be stored at the AIoTF locally or be retrieved by checking with other CN NFs etc., and is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured. The AIoTF may send the AIoT service request with the ID of the determined the RAN node to the AMF, including but not limited to the reader ID of the UE reader. The contents of the AIoT service request may be transparent to the AMF, and the AMF may further send the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the RAN node ID. After receiving the AIoT service request, the RAN node may send it to the associated UE reader based on the received reader ID. If the AIoT service request does not indicate the final UE reader (s) (e.g., requested by the AF or selected by the AIoTF) to perform the AIoT service request, the RAN node may further select or determine the final UE readers for the AIoT service request, e.g., based on the requested area information from the AIOTF, the radio conditions between the UE and RAN, and the current UE that is within the serving area of the RAN.
[0043] Considering 3GPP evolution, terminologies, especially the name of each NF entity (or NF) may change, and thus the related terminologies are only exemplary herein. In future, e.g., in 6G standardization, the network functions providing the same functionality / service may be differently named or may be incorporated or separated. Taking AIoTF as an example, it is assumed to be a dedicated CN network function to handle AIoT related traffics. An exemplary AIoTF may either be a standalone network function, or co-located with the AMF. The main functionalities of the AIoTF may include one or more of the following: Receive and transmit AIoT related data and / or signalling from and / or to the AIoT application server Select appropriate AIoT reader (e.g., UE or RAN) for the transmission of AIoT data and / or signalling to the target location and / or area and / or AIoT device Receive and store the reader information and the associated ambient IoT devices information Establish an AIoT session with the A-IoT AF and / or access stratum (AS) for transmission Authentication and authorization for the device access, which triggers interaction with authentication server function (AUSF) and / or ambient data management (ADM) Collect charging data and interact with charging function (CHF) for charging AIoT device and reader context management.
[0044] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0045] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a CN 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0046] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a RAN, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0047] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102. In some embodiments, the NEs 102 may include one or more relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes or wireless access backhaul (WAB) nodes which can provide wireless access services for UEs 104. A relay node (or an IAB node or a WAB node) can directly connect to a BS or hop through one or more relay nodes (or one or more IAB or WAB nodes) before reaching the BS.
[0048] The one or more UE 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
[0049] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0050] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., S1, N2, N3, or network interface) . In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0051] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.
[0052] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0053] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0054] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0055] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0056] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0057] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0058] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0059] There are various AIoT connectivity topologies, and the following two connectivity topologies are mainly studied: -Topology 1: BS (or the like) <--> AIoT Device; -Topology 2: BS (or the like) <--> intermediate node <--> AIoT Device. Under Topology 1, an exemplary reader is connected to a NE, RAN, RAN node or BS or the like, which may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN or AIoT RAN etc. The reader connected to a NG RAN or AIoT RAN may be referred to as NE reader, RAN reader, or BS reader etc., and may be a RAN node or BS or NE itself. In some cases, a NG RAN may include one or more RAN readers or BS readers or the like. Communications between the BS reader and AIoTF may be via the AMF or not, which may be referred to direct path (no AMF) or indirect path (via an AMF) respectively. Under Topology 2, the intermediate node acts as an AIoT reader. An exemplary intermediate node may be a UE, which may be referred to as a UE reader. A NE, RAN, RAN node or BS or the like serving a UE reader is AIoT enabled, which may be referred to an AIoT enabled RAN node, AIoT enabled RAN, AIoT BS, NG RAN, serving NG RAN or the like. Herein, for simplification and clarity, the RAN node or the like illustrated in the following is always AIoT enable.
[0060] In any topology, two kinds of services are considered for AIoT, i.e., inventory and command. Regarding command, it may include read, write, enable and disable etc.
[0061] In addition, one 3GPP agreed architecture under Topology 2 is a RRC based solution, wherein an indirect connectivity, e.g., RAN (e.g., NG-RAN) <-> AMF <-> AIoTF is applied, which means that the AMF or the like is between the RAN serving UE readers and the AIoTF. The AMF may be a serving AMF where the UE reader is registered or part or all of UE related information of the UE reader is stored or determined, or a relay AMF which is just for relay between the RAN and AIoTF.
[0062] Figure 2 illustrates an example of RRC protocol stack for Topology 2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0063] Referring to Figure 2, in the exemplary indirect connectivity architecture, signaling or messages between the UE reader and the AIoTF are delivered using RRC between UE reader and RAN, using NGAP between RAN and AMF, and using service-based interface (SBI) between AMF and AIoTF. In addition, signaling or messages between AIoTF and AF are delivered using SBI between the AIoTF and NEF, and using application programming interface (API) between NEF and AF. In some cases, the AIoTF and AF may directly deliver messages without NEF.
[0064] In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, for an AIoT service request, UE reader selection in RRC based solution may be entirely done at the AIoTF (e.g., referred to as "AIoTF based selection" ) ; or preliminarily done at the AIoTF, e.g., providing a candidate UE reader list for RAN and then further done at the RAN, e.g., a further selection based on the candidate UE reader list (e.g., referred to as "AIoTF assistance selection" ) ; or entirely at RAN, e.g., based on the requested area indicated by the AIoTF (e.g., referred to as "RAN based selection" ) ; or done at a 3rd party entity, e.g., an AF requesting specific UE reader (s) to perform the AIoT service request in the handheld scenario (e.g., referred to as "3rd party selection" or "AF based selection" or “AF indication” or “AF request” ) . For clarity, in view of candidate UE reader (s) , all UE reader (s) determined or selected to perform an AIoT service request by the AIoTF, AF or RAN may be referred to as final UE reader (s) or finally selected UE reader (s) . Part or all of AIoTF based selection, AIoTF assistance selection, RAN based selection and 3rd party based selection may also be applied to other AIoT solution (s) besides the RRC based solution.
[0065] In any UE selection manner, the AIoTF needs to transfer the information on the candidate or final UE readers to the RAN via the AMF. However, there has been no discussion or agreement on how to identify UE reader yet. It seems that one possible solution is to follow the legacy UE ID solution, which is used for non-AIoT services.
[0066] Regarding legacy UE ID identifying UE not acting as AIoT reader, it is designed in various forms, and is used respectively for different use cases and interfaces, e.g., allocated by the AMF or by RAN etc. Some examples of legacy UE ID are summarized below: SUPI / SUCI: a globally unique 5G SUPI shall be allocated to each subscriber in the 5G system and provisioned in the UDM / unified data repository (UDR) . The SUPI is used only inside 3GPP system. When UE needs to indicate its SUPI to the network (e.g. as part of the registration procedure) , the UE provides the SUPI in concealed form (SUCI) , which is a privacy preserving identifier containing the concealed SUPI. TMSI: a 5G-S-TMSI is allocated by the AMF and is the shortened form of the GUTI to enable more efficient radio signalling procedures (e.g. during paging and service request) . GUTI: a 5G-GUTI is allocated by the AMF to the UE that is common to both 3GPP and non-3GPP access. It shall be possible to use the same 5G-GUTI for accessing 3GPP access and non-3GPP access security context within the AMF for the given UE. NGAP UE ID: It contains AMF NGAP UE ID and gNB NGAP UE ID. An AMF UE NGAP ID is an identifier used to identify the UE in AMF on N2 reference point. AMF allocates the AMF UE NGAP ID and send it to the 5G-AN. For the following N2 signalling interaction sent from 5G-AN to AMF, AMF UE NGAP ID is used to identify the UE at the AMF. AMF UE NGAP ID is unique per AMF set. This IE uniquely identifies the UE association over the NG interface. For gNB NGAP UE ID, after the UE accesses the 5G network, the gNB will assign a RAN UE NGAP ID to it. When the AMF receives the RAN UE NGAP ID, it will store this ID during the UE-related logical NG connection. Afterwards, this ID will be included in all NGAP signalling associated with the UE. The RAN UE NGAP ID shall be unique within the logical NG-RAN node, and its role is to ensure that the gNB and AMF can accurately identify and process signalling and data transmission related to a specific UE. Generic public subscription identifier (GPSI) : it is needed for addressing a 3GPP subscription in different data networks outside of the 3GPP system. The 3GPP system stores within the subscription data (UDM / UDR) the association between the GPSI and the corresponding SUPI. GPSIs are public identifiers used both inside and outside of the 3GPP system. The NEF can perform the translation of UE ID from GPSI to SUPI. RNTI, e.g., C-RNTI: it is a randomly generated identifier that is assigned by the serving cell in the LTE network. The C-RNTI is used for several purposes, including paging, handover, and uplink scheduling etc.
[0067] However, according to a potential RRC protocol design, e.g., that shown in Figure 2, the connection between the AIoTF and RAN may be based on an NGAP container or the like or an AIoT reader control layer, which may be transparent to the AMF in the middle. If following the legacy UE ID design, SUPI or GPSI etc., UE identifier used at the AIoTF cannot be understood by RAN, and the AIoTF cannot use it to identify information related to specific UE reader to the RAN..
[0068] Therefore, the legacy UE ID solution cannot be directly used for UE readers, and various aspects of the present disclosure propose a reader ID solution for UE acting as AIoT reader. Accordingly, for a UE that is allowed or authorized to act as an AIoT reader for AIoT services, it has UE ID for non-AIoT services, e.g., legacy UE ID (or new UE ID in the future) , which may also be referred to as UE ID of UE reader or the like; and reader ID or AIoT reader ID for AIoT services, which may also be referred to as reader ID of UE reader or UE reader ID or the like.
[0069] Exemplary UE reader ID can be legacy UE ID reused for UE reader, e.g., TMSI, GUTI, NGAP UE ID or SUPI etc., or newly designed to uniquely identify the UE reader; and can be generated (or assigned or allocated) via different manners, e.g., by the CN (e.g., AIoTF or AMF etc. ) , or RAN (e.g., NG-RAN) or being preconfigured (e.g., at the UE) .
[0070] Figure 3 illustrates examples of UE reader ID allocation procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Herein, the AMF is always a serving AMF for the UE or UE reader, and the RAN node is always a serving RAN node for the UE or UE reader.
[0071] Referring to Figure 3, at step 301, a UE which is AIoT enable may initiate a registration procedure towards the AMF via the RAN node, e.g., by sending a UE registration request (or UE reader registration request) including but not limited to part or all of: the UE ID (e.g., SUPI in concealed form or GUTI or TMSI etc. ) , reader indication (or UE reader indication or AIoT reader indication or the like) indicating that the UE is AIoT enable and serving area information of the UE reader etc.
[0072] After receiving the UE registration request via the RAN node, at step 303a, the AMF may check the UE subscription data or information (or UE reader subscription data) stored in the UDM / UDR (not shown) by using the UE ID, e.g., SUPI as the key, and using "AIoT" or the like as subscription data type. The AMF may obtain or determine the information indicating whether the UE is allowed or authorized to act as an AIoT reader based on the authorization data in the UE subscription data, which may be referred to as UE reader authorization indication or UE reader allowed indication or the like. Herein, it is assumed that the UE is allowed or authorized to act as an AIoT reader, and the AMF may obtain UE reader authorization indication indicating that the UE is allowed or authorized to act as an AIoT reader, with the UE ID and the associated validity information (e.g., time and area etc. ) from the UDM / UDR. At steps 305 and 307, the AMF may send a UE registration response (or UE reader registration response) to the RAN node and the UE, which may be transparent to the RAN node or not. The registration response may include UE ID, or UE reader (if allocated before or during the registration procedure as illustrated below) , indication indicating that UE is allowed or authorized to act as an AIoT reader, the validity information (time, or area etc. ) . In the case that the UE reader registration response is transparent to the RAN node, the UE may send the received UE reader registration response (part or all contents) to the RAN node at step 309. Based on the UE registration response, the RAN node may allocate radio resources for the authorized UE reader, e.g., only for non-AIoT services or both non-AIoT services and AIoT services.
[0073] The AMF may send UE reader related information of the registered UE reader to the AIoTF at step 311, e.g., with the associated validity information and RAN related information of the serving RAN (or serving RAN related information) etc. The AIOTF can either be selected by the AMF from network repository function (NRF) using UE related information or area information (e.g., covering UE location) , or based on local configuration at the AMF, or based on the information provided by RAN, e.g., NG-RAN. Exemplary UE reader related information may include but not limited to part or all of: location of the UE reader (e.g., cell ID, coordinate, and / or tracking area identity (TAI) etc. ) , UE ID, e.g., SUPI, and serving area information of the UE reader etc. Exemplary RAN related information may include but not limited to part or all of RAN node ID, RAN node location, and RAN serving area etc. In some cases, the AMF may also send the UE reader allowed indication or the like to the AIoTF to indicate that this UE is allowed to act as a UE reader for AIoT services or act as an AIoT reader. The AIoTF may store part or all of the received information, e.g., UE reader related information and RAN related information etc., and may also store AMF related information of the AMF where the UE reader is registered (or serving AMF related information) .
[0074] In some cases, the serving RAN related information and serving AMF related information of the UE reader may be pre-configured at the AIoTF, e.g., based on operations administration and maintenance (OAM) mechanism. For example, for the fixed UE reader scenario where the UE reader will not move and the connection between the UE reader and the serving RAN node is stable or unchanged, the OAM may preconfigure the serving RAN related information and serving AMF related information of the UE reader at the AIoTF. The AIOTF can directly use the locally available UE reader information.
[0075] In some cases, the AIoTF may subscribe to the RAN related information associated with specific UE reader (s) from the AMF, e.g., by the UE ID or reader ID of the UE reader. The AMF may report the subscribed RAN related information in various manners, e.g., periodically or event triggered etc. For example, when the serving RAN node of the UE reader changes due to UE mobility, the AMF may report the latest RAN related information to the AIoTF, e.g., the latest RAN node ID and location etc.
[0076] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoTF may perform UE or UE reader authorization. The AMF may send the UE registration request or the like to a selected AIoTF for the UE registration at step 303b. The AMF may also send the RAN related information of the RAN node serving the UE reader to the AIoTF at step 303b. The AIoTF may interact with the ADM or the like (not shown) to find the UE authorization data (similar to that in UDM / UDR) , and determine whether the UE reader is allowed for AIoT services or not at step 303c. Similarly, it is assumed that the UE is authorized to act as an AIoT reader, and the AIoTF may send the UE reader authorization indication or the like with the UE ID and the associated validity information to the AMF at step 303d. Then, the AMF may send a UE registration response or the like to the RAN node and the UE reader at steps 305 and 307. Similarly, in some cases, the UE reader may further send the UE registration response or the like (part or all contents) to the RAN node at step 309.
[0077] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, the AMF may allocate a reader ID for the allowed UE reader, e.g., during the registration procedure or later, or when the UE reader enters the connected mode, which may be defined in a manner or format as the same as a legacy UE ID or in a new manner. In the case that the UE reader ID is newly defined, the information related to the AMF, e.g., AMF ID may be included within the UE reader ID, e.g., as part of the reader ID information element (IE) .
[0078] The AMF may associate the allocated UE reader ID with UE ID of the same UE reader, and store the association or mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID, e.g., as a part of UE subscription data locally stored and / or in UDM / UDR or at the ADM etc. . For example, in the case of the reader ID reusing a legacy UE ID format, e.g., GUTI or TMSI or NGAP UE ID etc., the AMF may send the GUTI, TMSI, or NGAP UE ID etc., associated with UE ID, e.g., SUPI to the UDM / UDR and stored as UE subscription data (or UE reader subscription data) , e.g., UE reader ID for AIoT services. Based on that, if the UE reader ID is not locally available, a CN NF, e.g., the AIoTF may check the assigned UE reader ID for the UE reader based on the UE ID thereof. In the case of the UE reader ID being newly designed, the AMF may associate it with GUTI, TMSI, or NGAP UE ID etc., various UE ID besides SUPI.
[0079] The AMF may also send the allocated UE reader ID to the UE reader, to the RAN node serving the UE, and to other CN NF (s) , e.g., the AIoTF etc., with the associated UE ID, which implies the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of the same UE reader. In some cases, the AMF may also send explicit association or mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID to the UE reader, serving RAN node and AIoTF etc.
[0080] Specifically, the AMF may send the allocated reader ID with the associated UE ID to the RAN node serving the UE reader separate from or together with the UE reader registration response. For example, in the case of the reader ID reusing a legacy UE ID format, e.g., GUTI or TMSI, the AMF may send the GUTI or TMSI allocated for the UE reader as reader ID to the serving RAN node via an NGAP message, e.g., at step 305, together with the associated NGAP UE ID (e.g., gNB NGAP UE ID and AMF NGAP UE ID) . The AMF may also send information indicating that the GUTI or TMSI (reused UE ID) is UE reader ID or the like, e.g., by a UE reader authorization indication or the like, so that the RAN node will understand that the reused UE ID is UE reader ID. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the AMF may send the allocated UE reader ID to the UE reader (transparent to the RAN or not) , e.g., at step 305 and step 307, e.g., together with a UE reader authorization indication or the like. In some cases, e.g., the allocated UE reader ID etc., is transparent to the RAN node, the AMF may also transmit information indicating the UE reader to send the UE reader ID related information to the serving RAN, e.g., a report-to-RAN indication together with the UE reader ID. After receiving the allocated UE reader ID, the UE reader authorization indication and / or report-to-RAN indication or the like, the UE reader may send the allocated UE reader ID, e.g., TMSI or GUTI to the serving RAN at step 309, e.g., together with the associated air-interface UE ID (e.g., C-RNTI) and UE reader authorization indication etc.
[0081] After receiving the UE reader ID etc., the RAN node may determine the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader, which may be the same as that explicitly or implicitly indicated by the AMF or updated (or extend or the lie) based on that explicitly or implicitly indicated by the AMF. For example, the AMF may send mapping between UE reader ID (e.g., TMSI or GUTI or new designed etc. ) between SUPI as UE ID, and the RAN node may update the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader to be UE reader ID (e.g., TMSI or GUTI or new designed etc. ) between SUPI, NGAP UE ID and / or C-RNTI etc., as UE ID. The RAN node may store the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader. The RAN node may allocate radio resources for the UE for AIoT services when the UE is authorized as an AIoT reader or after receiving an AIoT service request associated with the UE.
[0082] The AMF may send the UE reader ID and the associated UE ID of the registered UE reader to the AIoTF, e.g., included in the UE reader related information at step 311. In some cases, the AMF may also send explicit association or mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID to the AIoTF. In the case of the reader ID reusing a legacy UE ID format, e.g., GUTI or TMSI, the AMF may also send information indicating that the reused UE ID is UE reader ID or the like, e.g., by a UE reader authorization indication or the like, so that the AIoTF will understand that the reused UE ID is UE reader ID. In the case that the AIoTF performs UE reader authorization, the AMF may send the UE reader ID and the associated UE ID of the registered UE reader to the AIoTF at step 303e, after receiving the UE reader authorization indication with the UE ID and the associated validity information etc., from the AIoTF at step 303d. The AMF may also send the RAN related information of the RAN serving the UE reader to the AIoTF at step 303e. The AIoTF may store part or all of the received information locally or to other CN NF (s) . In some cases, the AIoTF may subscribe to the RAN related information associated with a UE reader from the AMF by the UE reader ID of the UE reader.
[0083] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, the AIoTF may allocate a UE reader ID for a registered UE authorized to act as an AIoT reader, e.g., based on its own implementations after receiving UE reader related information of the authorized UE reader at step 311 or during the UE reader authorization at step 303c. In some cases, the AIoTF may allocate a UE reader ID for a UE reader when the UE reader is selected as a candidate UE reader or final UE reader (selected by the AIoTF or by the AF) to perform an AIoT service request.
[0084] An exemplary UE reader ID allocated by the AIoTF may include the information of the AIoTF, e.g., the AIoTF ID inside the IE of the UE reader ID or not. The AIoTF may locally store the mapping between the UE reader ID (e.g., a newly defined ID) and UE ID (e.g., SUPI, GPSI, or both etc. ) . The AIoTF may also send the UE reader ID with the associated UE ID (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID in some cases) to the UE reader, RAN serving the UE reader, and other CN NF (s) , e.g., the UDM / UDR / ADM and AMF etc.
[0085] For example, the AIoTF may send or update the UE reader ID associated with UE ID, e.g., SUPI and / or GSPI etc., (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the UDM / UDR or ADM, as part of the UE subscription data.
[0086] The AIoTF may send the UE reader ID with the associated UE ID, e.g., SUPI (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the AMF, e.g., at step 303d together with the UE reader authorization indication and the associated validity information etc. After receiving the UE reader ID etc., the AMF may determine the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of this UE reader, which may be the same as that explicitly or implicitly indicated by the AIoTF or updated based on that explicitly or implicitly indicated by the AIoTF. The AMF may locally store the mapping between UE reader ID (e.g., new format) and UE ID, e.g., SUPI, GUTI, TMSI and / or NGAP UE ID (e.g., gNB NGAP UE ID and AMF NGAP UE ID) etc. The AMF may further send the UE reader ID with the associated UE ID (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the RAN node and the UE node, e.g., separate from or together with a UE registration response at steps 305 and step 307 and even step 309, which is similar to the case that the AMF allocates the UE reader ID and will not repeat.
[0087] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, other CN NF (s) , e.g., the UDM, UDR or ADM etc., may allocate UE reader ID for a registered UE authorized to act as an AIoT reader, e.g., during the reader authorization of the registered UE or later. Similarly, the UDM, UDR or ADM etc., may store and send the allocated UE reader ID with the associated UE ID, e.g., SUPI (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the AIoTF, AMF, RAN node and UE reader etc., which is similar to the cases of AMF allocating UE reader ID or AIoTF allocating UE reader ID and will not repeat.
[0088] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, UE reader ID may be preconfigured at a UE enable to act as an AIoT reader, e.g., during the manufacture of the UE. The UE reader may send the UE reader related information to the RAN node, including the pre-configured UE reader ID (e.g., in new form) and the associated UE ID (e.g., GUTI, TMSI, and / or RNTI etc. ) (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) , which may be together with the UE reader registration request at step 301, or separate from the UE reader registration request, e.g., during a RRC establishment procedure after the UE reader registration procedure. In some cases, the UE reader related information may also include but not limited to part or all of reader indication or the like (e.g., in the case that UE reader has not been notified by the AMF about UE reader authorization) , UE reader allowed indication (e.g., in the case that the UE reader has been notified by the AMF about UE reader authorization, e.g., via a NAS message) , and serving area information of the UE reader etc.
[0089] Similarly, the RAN node may store the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID, and may further send the UE reader related information including the pre-configured UE reader ID (e.g., in new form) and the associated UE ID (e.g., GUTI, TMSI, NGAP UE ID, and / or RNTI etc. ) (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the AMF.
[0090] Similarly, the AMF may store the received UE reader related information including the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID etc., (same as the received information or update based on the received information) . If the UE reader is authorized as an AIoT reader (before or after receiving the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID) , the AMF may send the UE reader related information including the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID etc., to the AIoTF, and update the UE subscription data at the UDM / UDR. If the UE reader has not been authorized and the AMF needs to send UE reader related information to the AIoTF for reader authorization at step 303c, the AMF may include the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID etc., in the UE reader related information to the AIoTF at step 303b. After receiving the UE reader related information, the AIoTF may also store the UE reader related information, e.g., the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID etc.
[0091] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, a RAN node may allocate a reader ID for a UE reader (authorized or not) in the case that the UE enable to act as an AIoT reader sends a reader indication to the RAN via air interface, e.g., together with the UE reader registration request, or in the case that the RAN node receives UE reader allowed indication or the like for the UE reader, e.g., at step 305 or step 309 during a UE reader registration procedure, or in the case that the RAN node selects or recognizes the UE reader as a final UE reader to perform an AIoT service request.
[0092] For example, the UE enable to act as an AIoT reader may send the UE ID, UE reader indication and UE serving area etc., UE reader related information to the RAN node via a RRC signaling. If the AIoT enable UE has been notified the authorization for the UE reader by the AMF, e.g., via a NAS message at step 307, the UE reader may also send the UE reader allowed indication or the like to the RAN node at step 309 or the AMF may send the UE reader allowed indication or the like to the RAN node at step 307, e.g., via an NGAP message. After receiving the information from the UE reader, e.g., UE reader indication or UE reader allowed indication or the like, or the information from the AMF, e.g., the UE reader allowed indication or the like, the RAN may allocate a reader ID to the UE reader.
[0093] Similarly, the RAN node may store the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID, and may send the UE reader ID and the associated UE ID (e.g., GUTI, TMSI, NGAP UE ID and / or RNTI etc. ) (and even explicit mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID) to the UE reader, the AMF and even other CN NF (s) , e.g., AIoTF etc. The UE, AMF and / or AIoTF may store the mapping of UE reader ID and UE ID as illustrated in view of other UE reader ID allocation cases, and will not repeat.
[0094] Due to UE reader mobility, a handover may occur, e.g., an XN handover that the UE reader is still within the same serving AMF and no serving AMF change, or N2 handover that the UE reader moves to a new serving AMF.
[0095] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, in the case of XN handover, either the source RAN mode or the serving AMF may send the UE reader related information to the target RAN node, e.g., in a handover request message, including but not limited to part or all of: the UE reader ID (in a reused UE ID form or new form) , the UE reader allowed indication, AIoTF ID, service type information, assistance information, and service context etc. The service context may further include but not limited to part or all of: correlation ID and target device information, e.g., AIoT device type and AIoT device capability information (e.g., device originated autonomous (DOA) support, active device or passive device etc. ) etc. The UE reader ID will be associated with UE ID, e.g., associated with RNTI, or gNB NGAP UE ID, or AMF NGAP UE ID or a combination thereof etc., so that the target RAN will recognize the UE reader ID. Based on the received UE reader related information, the target RAN node may determine that this UE reader is authorized to act as an AIoT reader and recognize the UE reader ID.
[0096] In some case, the UE reader ID may be changed or updated due to the XN handover. For example, in the case that RAN performs UE reader ID allocation, the target RAN node may allocate a new UE reader ID for the UE reader, store the newly allocated UE reader ID, and send the newly allocated UE reader ID to the UE reader, AMF and AIoTF etc., to directly or indirectly update the UE reader ID and the mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID stored in the related nodes or entities. In the case that the NGAP UE ID, e.g., gNB NGAP UE ID and / or AMF NGAP UE ID is used as the UE reader ID, e.g., allocated by the serving AMF, the UE reader ID, e.g., AMF NGAP UE ID may be updated by the serving AMF and send the newly allocated NGAP UE ID to the UE, target RAN node and AIoTF etc., to directly or indirectly update the UE reader ID and the mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID stored in the related nodes or entities.
[0097] In accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure, in the case of N2 handover, when the UE reader is connected to a new serving AMF, the UE reader ID may be changed or updated in some cases.
[0098] For example, besides the cases illustrated in XN handover, in the case that AMF performs UE reader ID allocation, the target serving AMF may allocate a new UE reader ID for this UE reader, and may update the new UE reader ID to the target RAN node, UE reader and AIoTF etc., which is similar to the above illustrated UE reader ID allocation by AMF. The target serving AMF may obtain the AIoTF ID from the source AMF, source RAN node or the target RAN node etc. The AIoTF may be selected by the target AMF, or determined by the target AMF based on the AIoTF ID obtained from the source AMF, the source RAN node or target RAN node. In addition, the source AMF may delete the locally stored UE reader ID.
[0099] In any handover, the serving RAN related information at the AIoTF will be updated, e.g., by checking the target serving AMF or notified by the target serving AMF etc., wherein the target serving AMF may the same or different from the source serving AMF. In the case of actively checking the target serving AMF different from the source serving AMF, the AIoTF may first check the UDM / UDR to find the target serving AMF. For the UE ID, the target RAN node may also allocate a new gNB NGAP UE ID and send the new gNB NGAP UE ID to the target AMF and / or AIoTF etc., to directly or indirectly update the gNB NGAP UE ID stored in the related nodes or entities. In the case of N2 handover, the target AMF may also change the AMF NGAP UE ID (as UE ID) and send the new AMF NGAP UE ID to the target RAN node and / or AIoTF etc. In some cases, even if the new UE reader ID, serving RAN related information and / or serving AMF related information may be updated at the AIoTF by other manner, the target RAN node or target serving AMF (same or different the source serving AMF) may also send the updated UE reader related information, serving RAN related information and / or serving AMF related information etc., to the AIoTF. Similarly, in the case of N2 handover, the AIoTF may be selected by the target AMF, or determined by the target AMF based on the AIoTF ID received from the source AMF, the source RAN node or target RAN node.
[0100] When the AIoTF and RAN node deliver messages or signaling associated with specific UE reader (s) therebetween, they will use the UE reader ID to ensure the same UE reader will be identified.
[0101] Figure 4 illustrates an example of AIoT service procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. It is assumed that the UE enable to act as an AIoT reader has registered at the AMF and has been allowed to act as an AIoT reader. For simplification and clarity, in most cases, it is also assumed that the UE reader ID has been allocated to the UE reader, e.g., by any manner as illustrated above except that will be allocated during the AIoT service procedure.
[0102] Referring to Figure 4, an AF may send an AIoT service request to the CN, e.g., 5GC or the like at step 401, directly or via the NEF. An exemplary AIoT service request may include but not limited to part or all of: the AF ID, target area (or requested area) , AIoT device ID or filtering information, and the associated assistance information etc. In the case that the 3rd party AF wants to utilize specific UE reader (s) for the requested AIoT services, e.g., in a handheld equipment use case, the AIoT service request may also include UE ID (s) of the requested UE reader (s) , e.g., in the form of GPSI. In the case that the AF directly sends the AIoT service request to the AIoTF, the AIoTF may check the UDM / UDR or the like to translate the GPSI into SUPI, or even GUTI or TMSI etc. In the case that the AF sends the AIoT service request to the AIoTF via the NEF, the NEF may translate the GPSI into SUPI or even GUTI or TMSI etc., or when the AIoT service request has been authorized by the AIOTF, the AIOTF may translate the GPSI into SUPI or other internal UE ID.
[0103] In the case that the AIoT service request is transmitted via the NEF, the NEF may perform the AIoTF selection. For example, to select the AIoTF, the NEF may query the network repository function (NRF) , e.g., by using target area information, or query the ADM about the last serving AIoTF of the related AIoT device (s) , e.g., using AIoT device ID as the key, or query the UDM about the last serving AIoTF of the requested UE reader (s) , assuming that the associated AIoTF has stored itself in the UDM as the serving AIoTF for the UE reader (s) .
[0104] After receiving the AIoT service request, the AIoTF may perform authorization on the AIoT service request at step 403. For example, the AIoTF may check the AF authorization information, e.g., stored in UDM, UDR and / or ADM, or stored locally as local configuration etc., by using the AF ID. In the case that the AIoT service request indicates requested UE reader related information, the AIoTF may perform authorization on the AIoT service request based on authorization information related to the requested UE reader (s) , e.g., by using the related UE ID as the key. The AIoTF may check whether the AF is allowed to request the UE reader to perform AIoT services, what kind of service operation is supported (e.g., inventory, read, and / or write etc. ) , allowed information for the request UE reader (s) (e.g., allowed time, location, and / or area etc. ) , allowed AIoT devices to be accessed by the requested UE reader (s) or a combination thereof etc. The AIOTF may also perform the translation of UE ID from GPSI to SUPI, if the NEF does not do it.
[0105] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the AF may indicate a revocation of specific UE reader (s) to the CN, e.g. to the AIoTF, together with an AIoT service request or separately. The AIoTF may send the revoked UE reader related information to the UDM / UDR, AMF and / or ADM etc., including but not limited to the UE ID and information indicating to revoke the UE reader (s) , e.g., revocation indication or the like. The AMF may further send the revoked UE related information to the related RAN node (s) and UE reader (s) .
[0106] The AIoTF may send a message in response to the AIoT service request (e.g., referred to as AIoT service request response) with a transaction ID to identify the corresponding AIoT service request to the AF at step 405, e.g., indicating that the AIoT service request is accepted or is rejected with a cause. In some cases, the AIoTF may also send to the AF the recommended or allowed UE reader related information, a waiting time, validity information associated with the request UE reader (s) or a combination thereof etc.
[0107] In some cases, e.g., if the AF does not request specific UE reader (s) for the AIoT service request, the AIoTF may select one or multiple candidate UE reader or final UE readers to perform the AIoT service request, e.g., based on the target area information requested by the AF and / or the serving area information and location provided by UE reader (s) , RAN (s) and / or AMF (s) etc., recognized by the AIoTF. Accordingly, the AIoTF may determine a list of candidate UE readers or final UE reader (s) for the AIoT service request.
[0108] In the case that the AIoT service request indicates finals UE reader (s) or the AIoTF made a UE selection and determined one or multiple candidate or final UE readers, the AIoTF may need to associate the UE ID of each UE reader with the reader ID thereof. In some cases, e.g., the AIoTF may perform UE reader ID allocation for a UE reader selected as a candidate UE reader or a final UE reader (selected by the AIoTF or by the AF) , the AIoTF needs to allocate the UE reader ID similar to that illustrated above, and will not repeat.
[0109] On the other hand, to send the AIoT service request to appropriate RAN node (s) and the RAN node (s) could recognize the UE reader (s) , the AIoTF needs to determine the UE reader ID and serving RAN node for each candidate or final UE reader at step 407. The AIoTF may check whether there is locally stored UE reader ID related information, RAN related information for the UE reader or other information that can provide the UE reader ID and / or RAN related information for the UE reader. It is similar in other cases for sending messages associated with specific UE reader (s) , e.g., UE reader revocation related messages etc.
[0110] For example, for a specific UE reader associated with the AIoT service request, the AIoTF may locally store the mapping between reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader received from the RAN or other CN NF (s) or determined by the AIoTF, e.g., during UE reader registration procedure or UE reader ID allocation procedure or handover as illustrated above. The AIoTF may locally store the AMF related information and RAN related information pre-configured by the OAM mechanism, or locally store the AMF related information and RAN related information received from the RAN or other CN NF (s) or determined by the AIoTF, e.g., during UE reader registration procedure and / or UE reader ID allocation procedure and / or handover as illustrated above. For example, in some cases, during UE mobility, the target RAN node may initiate a UE reader update procedure or the like towards the AIoTF. In a nutshell, either the target RAN node or the serving AMF (source or target) may send the UE reader related information (e.g., UE reader ID associated with SUPI, UE location and UE serving area) and the RAN related information (RAN node ID and location) etc., to the AIoTF.
[0111] If the AIoTF cannot locally determine the serving RAN node, e.g., in the case that the NEF selects an AIoTF different from that stores UE reader related information of the specific UE reader, the AIoTF may send a retrieval request (or service request) to other CN NF(s) to obtain the UE reader related information including the mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID, RAN related information for the specific UE reader and other information (if necessary) .
[0112] For example, in some implementations of the present disclosure, the AIoTF may check the corresponding UE reader ID from the UDM / UDR, if it does not have locally stored the mapping between UE reader ID and UE ID. The AIoTF may also check or retrieve the serving AMF related information (e.g., AMF ID, and AMF IP or FQDN etc. ) of the UE reader from the UDM / UDR or the like, e.g., by sending the UE ID (e.g., SUPI or GPSI) or UE reader ID as the key to determine the serving AMF for the UE reader. The serving AMF will determine the RAN node that is serving the UE reader in RRC connected or connection management (CM) connected state, and send the RAN related information of the determined RAN node to the AIoTF, which is associated with UE ID and UE reader ID. It is assumed that the UE ID and UE reader ID can be saved as the UE context at the AMF, and can be released, e.g., after the UE has moved out of the serving area of the AMF, or when the UE has been revoked and notified to the AMF, or when the UE leaves the connected state.
[0113] In some cases, e.g., the AMF between a RAN node and the AIoTF is a relay AMF but not the currently serving AMF for the UE, the AIoTF may fail to find the serving AMF by SUPI. The AIoTF may first find the serving AMF and request SUPI from the serving AMF. For example, the AIoTF may receive the UE reader related information from the serving RAN node, including the UE reader ID and the associated UE ID and the serving AMF related information etc. Then, the AIoTF may send the UE reader ID to the serving AMF and receive the UE ID, e.g., SUPI for the UE reader and other UE reader related information, e.g., UE reader allowed indication for the UE etc.
[0114] After determining the RAN node serving specific UE reader (s) for an AIoT service request and UE reader ID (if necessary) at step 407, the AIoTF may send the AIoT service request to the RAN node via an AMF at step 409, e.g., with the information including but not limited to the UE reader ID, UE ID, RAN ID, requested area information, AIoT device ID or filtering information, AIoTF ID, correlation ID and other assistance information for the AIoT service etc. The AMF between the AIoTF and RAN node may be the serving AMF or relay AMF, and will not check the container and just forward the AIoT service request to the RAN node. It is assumed that RAN, e.g., NG-RAN can recognize the UE reader ID based on the pre-aligned mapping, that can be part of the UE context.
[0115] In some cases, e.g., if the AF does not request specific UE reader (s) for the AIoT service request, the AIoTF may just send to the associated RAN node the AIoT service request at step 409 based on the requested target area information without any UE reader selection.
[0116] After receiving the AIoT service request, the RAN node may send it to the final UE reader (s) at step 411. In some cases, the RAN node may select final UE reader (s) for the AIoT service request. For example, in the case of receiving a candidate UE reader list or the like, the RAN node may further select one or more final UE reader (s) from the candidate UE readers indicated in the candidate UE candidate list. The RAN node may also allocate the radio resources for the received AIoT service request in some cases.
[0117] In some implementations of the present disclosure, if the UE reader ID is not available and needs RAN to allocate, the RAN node may allocate the UE reader ID associated with the UE ID for each final UE reader for the AIoT service request. Similarly, the RAN node may store the mapping between the UE reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader (e.g., as UE context) , and send the mapping (explicit or implicit) to the UE reader, serving AMF and AIoTF etc.
[0118] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the RAN node may send a message to the AMF, AIoTF, policy control function (PCF) and / or CHF etc., to notify charging related information with correlation ID of the AIoT service request. Exemplary charging related information may include but not limited to part or all of: UE reader ID, UE ID, the start time and duration of the UE reader's service in an inventory session for charging etc.
[0119] After receiving the AIoT service request, at step 413, the UE reader may interact with the related AIoT devices to perform the requested AIoT service request, the AIoT devices may send the AIoT service responses to the UE readers, e.g., including service results etc., and the UE reader may further send the AIoT service responses to the RAN node. The RAN node may further send the AIoT service responses to the AIoTF via the AMF at step 415, and then to the AF via the AIoTF directly or further via the NEF at step 417. The UE reader ID will be sent together with the AIoT service response at least between the RAN node and the AIoTF to ensure that the AIoTF and RAN node will align to the same UE reader.
[0120] Although the illustrated implementations of the present disclosure are based on legacy UE IDs, persons skilled in the art would understand that UE IDs newly proposed during 3GPP evolution are also applicable to the technical solution proposed in the present disclosure. For simplification and clarity, only one AIoT service request, one RAN node and UE reads served by the RAN node are illustrated, persons skilled in the art would understand that the RAN node may simultaneously receive one or multiple AIoT service requests, part or all of the AIoT service request (s) may be sent to other RAN node (s) , and the same or similar operations are also applicable to the other RAN node (s) .
[0121] In addition, the technical solutions proposed in the present disclosure are also applicable to other service scenarios except that the service NF and the role of UE may be different. For example, the AIoTF may be replaced with a sensing function (SF) for the sensing scenario, the UE reader may become the sensing UE, and the UE reader ID may become the UE reader ID.
[0122] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a CN entity 500 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The CN entity 500 may include a processor 502, a memory 504, a controller 506, and a transceiver 508. The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0123] The processor 502, the memory 504, the controller 506, or the transceiver 508, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0124] The processor 502 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 502 may be configured to operate the memory 504. In some other implementations, the memory 504 may be integrated into the processor 502. The processor 502 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the CN entity 500 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0125] The memory 504 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 502 cause the CN entity 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 504 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0126] In some implementations, the processor 502 and the memory 504 coupled with the processor 502 may be configured to cause the CN entity 500 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 502, instructions stored in the memory 504) . For example, the processor 502 may support wireless communication at the CN entity 500 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
[0127] In some implementations, the CN entity 500 may act as a first CN entity, e.g., AIoTF or the like, and may be configured to support a means for determining a RAN node for a UE reader associated with an AIoT service request; and means for sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0128] In some implementations, the CN entity 500 may act as a second CN entity, e.g., AMF or the like, and may be configured to support a means for receiving, from a first CN entity, an AIoT service request with ID of a RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request is associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node; and means for sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0129] The controller 506 may manage input and output signals for the CN entity 500. The controller 506 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the CN entity 500. In some implementations, the controller 506 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 506 may be implemented as part of the processor 502.
[0130] In some implementations, the CN entity 500 may include at least one transceiver 508. In some other implementations, the CN entity 500 may have more than one transceiver 508. The transceiver 508 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 508 may include one or more receiver chains 510, one or more transmitter chains 512, or a combination thereof.
[0131] A receiver chain 510 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data and packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 510 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 510 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0132] A transmitter chain 512 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data and packets) . The transmitter chain 512 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 512 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 512 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0133] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a processor 600 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 600 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may include a controller 602 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 600 may optionally include at least one memory 604, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 600 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 606. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0134] The processor 600 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) ) , and others.
[0135] The controller 602 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 602 may operate as a control unit of the processor 600, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 600. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0136] The controller 602 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 604 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 602 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 604. The controller 602 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 602 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 600 to cause the processor 600 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 602 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 600. The controller 602 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 600.
[0137] The memory 604 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 600 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. ) . In some implementations, the memory 604 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the memory 604 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 600) .
[0138] The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 600, cause the processor 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 602 and / or the processor 600 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 604 to cause the processor 600 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 600 and / or the controller 602 may be coupled with or to the memory 604, the processor 600, the controller 602, and the memory 604 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 600 may include multiple processors and the memory 604 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0139] The one or more ALUs 606 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 606 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 600) . One or more ALUs 606 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 606 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 606 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 606 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 606 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0140] The processor 600 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for determining a RAN node for a UE reader associated with an AIoT service request; and means for sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured. In some implementations, the processor 600 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first CN entity, an AIoT service request with ID of a RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request is associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node; and means for sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.
[0141] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a NE or RAN node 700 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The RAN node 700 may include a processor 702, a memory 704, a controller 706, and a transceiver 708. The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.
[0142] The processor 702, the memory 704, the controller 706, or the transceiver 708, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
[0143] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate the memory 704. In some other implementations, the memory 704 may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the RAN node 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0144] The memory 704 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 702 cause the RAN node 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 704 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
[0145] In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to cause the RAN node 700 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) . For example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the RAN node 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The RAN node 700 may be configured to support a means for receiving, from a first CN entity via a second CN entity, an AIoT service request associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured; and means for sending the AIoT service request to a set of UEs based on reader ID of the set of UE readers and associated UE ID of the set of UE readers, wherein the set of UE readers are part or all of the one or more UE readers.
[0146] The controller 706 may manage input and output signals for the RAN node 700. The controller 706 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the RAN node 700. In some implementations, the controller 706 may utilize an operating system such as or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 706 may be implemented as part of the processor 702.
[0147] In some implementations, the RAN node 700 may include at least one transceiver 708. In some other implementations, the RAN node 700 may have more than one transceiver 708. The transceiver 708 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 708 may include one or more receiver chains 710, one or more transmitter chains 712, or a combination thereof.
[0148] A receiver chain 710 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data and packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 710 may include one or more antennas for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 710 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0149] A transmitter chain 712 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data and packets) . The transmitter chain 712 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmitter chain 712 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 712 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0150] Figure 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a CN entity as described herein. In some implementations, the CN entity may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the CN entity to perform the described functions.
[0151] At step 801, the method may include determining a RAN node for a UE reader associated with an AIoT service request. The operations of step 801 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 801 may be performed by a first CN entity, e.g., AIoTF or the like as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0152] At step 803, the method may include sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured. The operations of step 803 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 803 may be performed by a first CN entity as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0153] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0154] Figure 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a CN entity as described herein. In some implementations, the CN entity may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the CN entity to perform the described functions.
[0155] At step 901, the method may include receiving, from a first CN entity, an AIoT service request with ID of a RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request is associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node. The operations of step 901 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 901 may be performed by a second CN entity, e.g., AMF or the like as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0156] At step 903, the method may include sending the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured. The operations of step 903 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 903 may be performed by a second CN entity as described with reference to Figure 5.
[0157] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0158] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a RAN node or NE as described herein. In some implementations, the RAN node may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the RAN node to perform the described functions.
[0159] At step 1001, the method may include receiving, from a first CN entity via a second CN entity, an AIoT service request associated with one or multiple UE readers served by the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured. The operations of step 1001 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 1001 may be performed by a RAN node as described with reference to Figure 7.
[0160] At step 1003, the method may include sending the AIoT service request to a set of UEs based on reader ID of the set of UE readers and associated UE ID of the set of UE readers, wherein the set of UE readers are part or all of the one or more UE readers. The operations of step 1003 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of step 1003 may be performed by a RAN node as described with reference to Figure 7.
[0161] It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.
[0162] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first core network (CN) entity for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first CN entity to:determine a radio access network (RAN) node for a user equipment (UE) reader associated with an ambient internet of things (AIoT) service request; andsend the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on identification (ID) of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.2.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein determining the RAN node for the UE reader is based on stored RAN related information associated with the UE reader or by checking with the second CN entity or a third CN entity using UE ID or reader ID of the UE reader, and wherein the stored RAN related information is preconfigured or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.3.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to further cause the first CN entity to:determine the second CN entity for the UE reader by checking subscription data of the UE reader based on UE ID of the UE reader, or based on stored second CN entity related information associated with the UE reader, wherein the stored second CN entity related information is preconfigured or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.4.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:store mapping between the reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader, wherein the reader ID of the UE reader is allocated by the first CN entity, or received from the second CN entity or the RAN node or a third CN entity.5.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:subscribe to RAN related information associated with the UE reader by using UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity; andreceive subscribed RAN related information associated with the UE reader from the second CN entity.6.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:receive the AIoT service request from a third-party entity, including requested UE reader related information; andperform authorization on the AIoT service request based on authorization information related to the third party entity or requested UE readers for the AIoT service request indicated by the third party entity.7.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:receive, from the RAN node via the second CN entity, an AIoT service response associated with the UE reader, including service results in response to the AIoT service request and the reader ID of the UE reader.8.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:retrieve second CN entity related information associated with the UE reader from a third CN entity by sending UE ID of the UE reader;send a retrieval request of UE reader related information to the second CN entity determined based on the retrieved second CN entity related information, wherein the retrieval request includes the UE ID of the UE reader; andreceive, from the second CN entity, RAN related information associated with the UE reader and the reader ID of the UE reader associated with the UE ID of the UE reader.9.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:allocate the reader ID of the UE reader;send the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to at least one of the second CN entity, or a third CN entity or the RAN node; andstore mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.10.The first CN entity of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to further cause the first CN entity to:in the case that the UE reader is handed over to a different RAN node served by the second CN entity, receive updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity or the different RAN node; orin the case that the UE reader is handed over to a different RAN node served by a different second CN entity, receive at least one of updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader, RAN related information of the different RAN node or second CN entity related information of the different second CN entity from the different second CN entity or the different RAN node.11.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:determine a radio access network (RAN) node for a user equipment (UE) reader associated with an ambient internet of things (AIoT) service request; andsend the AIoT service request to the RAN node via a second CN entity based on identification (ID) of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of the UE reader, and the reader ID is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.12.A second core network (CN) entity for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second CN entity to:receive, from a first core network (CN) entity, an ambient internet of things (AIoT) service request with identification (ID) of a radio access network (RAN) node, wherein the AIoT service request is associated with one or multiple user equipment (UE) readers served by the RAN node; andsend the AIoT service request to the RAN node based on the ID of the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader ID of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured.13.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:determine a RAN node for the UE reader; andsend, to the first CN entity, RAN related information associated with the UE reader, wherein the RAN related information includes ID of the RAN node.14.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; andsend the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to a RAN node serving the UE reader, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI) or global unique temporary UE ID (GUTI) or next generation application protocol (NGAP) UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a gNB NGAP UE ID and access and mobility management function (AMF) NGAP UE ID.15.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:allocate or receive reader ID of the UE reader; andsend the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI) or global unique temporary UE ID (GUTI) or next generation application protocol (NGAP) UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) .16.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein for a UE reader registered at the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:receive a retrieval request of UE reader related information from the first CN entity; andsend the reader ID of the UE reader with associated UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the reader ID includes at least one of temporary mobile subscriber identifier (TMSI) or global unique temporary UE ID (GUTI) or next generation application protocol (NGAP) UE ID or another reader identifier, and the UE ID of the UE reader includes a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI) .17.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein in the case that a UE reader is handed over from a first RAN node served by the second CN entity to a second RAN node served by the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:send UE reader related information to the second RAN node, including UE ID of the UE reader and at least one of reader ID of the UE reader, UE reader allowed indication, ID of the first CN entity, or service context;send updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity, wherein the updated reader ID is allocated by the second CN entity or received from the second RAN node; orboth.18.The second CN entity of claim 12, wherein in the case that a UE reader is handed over from a first RAN node served by a different second CN entity to a second RAN node served by the second CN entity, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the second CN entity to:send updated reader ID of the UE reader with UE ID of the UE reader to the first CN entity selected by the second CN entity or to the different first CN entity based on first CN entity ID received from the different second CN entity or the first RAN node or the second RAN node, wherein the updated reader ID of the UE reader is allocated by the second CN entity or received from the second RAN node.19.A radio access network (RAN) node for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the RAN node to:receive, from a first core network (CN) entity via a second CN entity, an ambient internet of things (AIoT) service request associated with one or multiple user equipment (UE) readers served by the RAN node, wherein the AIoT service request includes reader identification (ID) of each associated UE reader, and the reader ID of each associated UE reader is allocated by CN or RAN or is preconfigured; andsend the AIoT service request to a set of UE readers based on reader ID of the set of UE readers and associated UE ID of the set of UE readers, wherein the set of UE readers are part or all of the one or more UE readers.20.The RAN node of claim 19, wherein for a UE reader served by the RAN node, the at least one processor is configured to further cause the RAN node to:receive the reader ID and UE ID of the UE reader from the second CN entity or from the UE reader; andstore mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID of the UE reader.