Single-user uplink transmission system communication quality enhancement method based on rotatable antenna, device and medium

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a single-user uplink transmission system communication quality enhancement method based on a rotatable antenna, a device, and a medium. The method comprises: introducing a deflection angle pair to represent a three-dimensional direction of a single antenna, and establishing a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pair; using a rotatable antenna intelligent controller to acquire an actual user direction position and channel state information; formulating a max‑min signal‑to‑noise ratio problem on the basis of the acquired information, and jointly optimizing receive beamforming and deflection angles of all rotatable antennas; and using the rotatable antenna intelligent controller to change an antenna angle to an optimal deflection angle, and reconfiguring a gain mode of an array, so as to improve a directional gain of a user direction. Compared with a conventional communication system based on a fixed antenna, the method provided in the present application can implement a higher array gain and significantly enhance a signal-to-noise ratio of a receiving end within an allowed antenna deflection angle adjustment range, thereby achieving an optimal communication quality effect in single-user scenarios.

Description

A method, device, and medium for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna. Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method, device and medium for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, traditional fixed-position antenna systems are widely used in current communication technologies. However, fixed-position antennas, due to their inability to adjust direction or position, face limitations such as insufficient coverage, mediocre transmission quality, and low spatial freedom. This further restricts the flexibility of communication systems using fixed-position antennas to adapt to diverse and dynamic communication environments. Therefore, to solve these problems, many new antenna technologies have been proposed, with the mainstream technologies including the following types:

[0003] Fluid antennas are a novel antenna technology that utilizes conductive liquids (such as salt water or liquid metal) as the radiating element. Compared to traditional metal antennas, fluid antennas dynamically alter the antenna's physical and electromagnetic properties, such as effective radiating area, electrical length, or position, by adjusting the position or shape of the fluid, thus adapting to different communication needs. This represents a significant innovation in antenna design in modern communications. However, they suffer from several drawbacks: First, material limitations exist; currently available materials are not perfect in terms of performance and safety, and exhibit some temperature sensitivity. Second, control complexity is high; the shape and position of the fluid require precise control, relying on complex pump or electric field regulation systems, increasing the difficulty of design and implementation.

[0004] Movable antennas: Movable antennas can change their physical position in space, aiming to dynamically adjust the antenna's radiation characteristics to adapt to different communication needs. Unlike fixed antennas, movable antennas achieve translation within a small area through mechanical movement, thereby physically expanding or concentrating the signal coverage. However, they have the following drawbacks: First, they have low spatial freedom, only considering the parallel movement of the antenna within a small area while keeping the antenna direction fixed, without any gain improvement in other spatial dimensions. Second, they are limited in size; to achieve free movement of the antenna, a large installation space or a sliding rail for antenna translation is usually required, which may limit their application in compact environments.

[0005] Six-dimensional movable antennas: Building upon movable antennas, six-dimensional movable antenna technology allows for flexible adjustment of the antenna array's three-dimensional position and rotation angle to fully utilize spatial degrees of freedom. This enables adaptive allocation of antenna resources to achieve complete multiplexing gain. However, it suffers from the following drawbacks: First, the multi-dimensional motion mechanism is complex. Six-dimensional motion requires support for three-dimensional position movement and three-dimensional orientation adjustment, necessitating multiple sets of precise mechanical structures and motion control components. Second, manufacturing costs are high, requiring complex research and development. Material selection, assembly processes, and subsequent maintenance all require significant investment, especially in scenarios involving frequent adjustments.

[0006] In conclusion, while existing antenna technologies each have their advantages, they also have shortcomings and require further improvement and refinement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a method, device and medium for enhancing the communication quality of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna.

[0008] The first technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0009] A method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna includes the following steps:

[0010] A deflection angle pair is introduced to characterize the three-dimensional orientation of a single antenna, and a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pair is established;

[0011] The actual user's directional position and channel status information are obtained using a rotatable antenna intelligent controller.

[0012] Based on the acquired information, a minimum signal-to-noise ratio maximization problem is formulated, and the receive beamforming and the deflection angles of all rotatable antennas are jointly optimized.

[0013] By using a rotating antenna intelligent controller to change the antenna angle to the optimal deflection angle, the gain mode of the array is reconfigured to maximize the directional gain in the user direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the single-user uplink transmission system includes a base station, a uniform planar antenna array with N rotatable antennas, a rotatable antenna intelligent controller equipped with N control servos and a miniature radar, and a user equipped with a single isotropic antenna.

[0015] Consider a single-user uplink transmission system. Assume the user is equipped with one isotropic antenna and transmits its information to a base station configured with N rotatable antennas. The rotatable antennas are arranged in a uniform planar array, each having N antennas. x One and N yIf a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is established using the plane containing the target plane, then the rotatable antenna elements distributed along the x-axis and y-axis are respectively N. x and N y And N = N x ×N y The reference position of the nth rotatable antenna in the array is represented as:

[0016] P n =[n x d,n y d,0]

[0017] In the formula, n x n y represents the nth column and the nth row, respectively, and d represents the spacing between the rotatable antennas;

[0018] Assuming the distance from the user to the center of the uniform planar array is l, the user's coordinate reference position is represented as:

[0019] q = [lΦ, lΨ, lΩ] T

[0020] In the formula, ψ∈[0,π], These represent the azimuth and horizontal angles of the user relative to the origin of the coordinate system, respectively. This indicates an exact equality and is used to define the expression for this parameter.

[0021] The distance from the user to the nth rotatable antenna is expressed as:

[0022] in

[0023] Furthermore, the introduction of deflection angle pairs to characterize the three-dimensional orientation of a single antenna and the establishment of a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pairs include:

[0024] The three-dimensional orientation adjustment of each rotatable antenna element is represented by a pair of deflection angles α and β; for the nth rotatable antenna, α is the antenna azimuth angle, representing the angle between the antenna's central line of sight and the z-axis; β is the antenna horizontal angle, representing the angle between the projection of the antenna's central line of sight onto the xy-plane and the x-axis; therefore, the pointing vector of the antenna's central line of sight is represented by the azimuth angle α and the horizontal angle β as follows:

[0025] u(θ n )=[sinαcosβ,sinαsinβ,cosα] T

[0026] In the formula, θ n =[α,β] TThe deflection angle of the antenna is a vector;

[0027] Assume the directional gain of each rotatable antenna is expressed as:

[0028] In the formula, , where is a pair of incident angles of any spatial point relative to the central line of sight of the rotatable antenna, p is a directional parameter used to quantify the main lobe width of the antenna, and G0 is the maximum gain under power conservation.

[0029] Based on the directional gain of each rotatable antenna and the Friesian transmission equation, the channel power gain between the user and the nth rotatable antenna is expressed as:

[0030] In the formula, q represents the user's coordinate reference position, and k is the integral independent variable used to calculate the channel power gain. Let l be the integration interval; cos(ε) is the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector along the antenna center line of sight. n Let K be the distance from the user to the nth rotatable antenna, and K be the area of ​​the rotatable antenna array.

[0031] Assume that there are randomly distributed scatterers in the transmission environment, and the position of the scatterer t is denoted as r. t The channel power gain between the scatterer and the nth rotatable antenna is expressed as:

[0032] In the formula, This represents the distance between the scatterer t and the nth rotatable antenna. It is the projection between the direction vector of the scatterer t and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight;

[0033] Considering the multipath geometric near-field channel between the user and the nth rotatable antenna element, it can be expressed as:

[0034] h(Θ)=h LoS (Θ)+h NLoS (Θ)

[0035] In the formula, σ t This represents the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the scattering body t. χ represents the distance between the scatterer t and the user. t The phase shift introduced by the scatterer t is represented by λ, and the wavelength is represented by g. n (θ n ) represents the channel power gain between the user and the nth rotatable antenna;

[0036] Therefore, in this uplink transmission system, the received signal at the base station is represented as:

[0037] In the formula, s and s represent the transmission power and transmission information at the user end, respectively, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise.

[0038] Furthermore, the step of acquiring the actual user's directional position and channel state information using a rotatable antenna intelligent controller includes:

[0039] The rotatable antenna intelligent controller obtains the actual user's directional position and channel status information by combining the synergistic effect of a micro radar module and a micro servo module, and then performs mechanical adjustment of the rotatable antenna deflection angle.

[0040] Furthermore, the miniature radar module consists of a ranging core and a rotating system, and is responsible for detecting the surrounding environment and acquiring the position and angle information of the user target;

[0041] The ranging core utilizes the time-of-flight principle to determine the distance between the base station and the user by measuring the time interval between transmitting and receiving modulated laser pulses: The laser transmitter equipped with the ranging core emits modulated pulse lasers, and the internal timer starts counting from time t1. When the laser irradiates the target object, part of the laser pulse energy is reflected by the target object and returns to the radar at the same speed. When the radar receives the returned laser signal, it stops counting the internal timer at time t2. Assuming that the speed of light is C at this time, the distance D from the laser radar to the object is: D = C × (t2 - t1) / 2.

[0042] Furthermore, the rotating system is driven by the central shaft of a brushless stepper motor and rotates for scanning inside the miniature radar module;

[0043] When a target is detected within the configured range, the system captures the target's light intensity, distance, and angle of arrival information in each detection cycle and encodes them into hexadecimal data clusters. These data clusters are transmitted to a PC host computer via a serial port, and the target information is then extracted from each data cluster. Using the target information obtained from the miniature radar module, the system further estimates the channel state information, supports the rotatable antenna intelligent controller to precisely adjust the antenna, and optimizes communication quality. By correlating the received signal with the pilot signal, the least squares method is applied to estimate the channel frequency response.

[0044] The fundamental objective of LS estimation is to minimize the sum of squared errors between the received and estimated signals. The channel response is then solved as follows:

[0045] In the formula, r i For the received signal, s i* The conjugate of the pilot signal, The channel response is estimated, and N is the number of received signals.

[0046] Furthermore, the step of formulating a minimum signal-to-noise ratio maximization problem based on the acquired information, and jointly optimizing the receive beamforming and the deflection angles of all rotatable antennas, includes:

[0047] After completing information acquisition and channel state information estimation, upon receiving the actual transmitted signal y from the user, the base station applies v. H The linear receiving beamforming vector extracts the user's signal, and the received signal can be re-represented as:

[0048] In the formula, h(Θ) is the channel expression between the user and the base station. s and s represent the transmission power and transmitted information at the user end, respectively, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise. Both the real part and the imaginary part obey the power σ. 2 , an independent Gaussian distribution with a mean of zero;

[0049] The received signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as:

[0050] In the formula, σ 2 This is the power of the additive white Gaussian noise mentioned above;

[0051] By jointly optimizing the receiver beamforming vector v and the deflection angle matrix Θ of all rotatable antenna elements, the goal is to maximize the minimum signal-to-noise ratio; however, considering the modulus 1 constraint of the receiver beamforming vector v and the azimuth angle constraint 0≤α≤α of the rotatable antenna elements, the following steps are taken: max Therefore, the optimization problem can be expressed as:

[0052] ||v||=1

[0053] Considering a single-user scenario, where there is no information interference between users and assuming the number of scatterers T = 0, the optimization problem simplifies to:

[0054] ||v||=1

[0055] Based on this, a maximum beamforming ratio beamformer is used. As the optimal receiver beamforming scheme, v MRC Substituting the values, we simplify the signal-to-noise ratio γ to:

[0056] The optimization problem P2 is decomposed into N subproblems for optimization. A single optimization problem can be represented as:

[0057] st0≤α≤α max ,

[0058] Since p≥0, the optimal solution to problem P3 is obtained by maximizing the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight:

[0059] In the formula, a1 = [1, 0, 0] T a2 = [0, 1, 0] T a3 = [0, 0, 1] T This represents the unit direction vector.

[0060] Furthermore, the method of using a rotating antenna intelligent controller to change the antenna angle to the optimal deflection angle and reconfigure the array gain mode to improve the directional gain in the user direction includes:

[0061] In solving α optimal and β optimal Then, a miniature servo module combined with an STM32 microcontroller can be used to mechanically adjust the antenna angle.

[0062] The STM32 microcontroller analyzes the input signal and determines the optimal deflection angle α. optimal and β optimal Generate the corresponding pulse width modulation signal. The duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal corresponds to the target angle of the servo motor, i.e., θ. servo =k×(T) high -T low ), where T high and T low These are the high and low level times of the pulse width modulation signal, respectively, and k is the angle conversion coefficient of the servo motor.

[0063] The STM32 microcontroller detects the current angle θ in real time. current and compare it with the target angle θ servo Compare and calculate the error signal Δθ = θ servo -θ current The STM32 microcontroller uses small-step incremental adjustments to the servo motor angle to eliminate errors, i.e. The target deflection angle is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the antenna orientation is always optimal, thereby maximizing communication quality.

[0064] The second technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0065] An electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method described above.

[0066] The third technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0067] A computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method described above.

[0068] The fourth technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0069] A computer program product or computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and execute the computer instructions to cause the computer device to perform the method described above.

[0070] This application has the following advantages and effects compared to the prior art:

[0071] 1) The present application proposes a method for enhancing the communication quality of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna. Compared with traditional antenna technology, this method avoids the high cost and high energy consumption problems caused by traditional solutions, and greatly reduces cost and energy consumption.

[0072] 2) The communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna proposed in this application solves the shortcomings of insufficient coverage and low spatial freedom of traditional antenna schemes. The antenna radiation orientation can be reconstructed simply by rotating the antenna element, without the need for additional rotation or movement of the antenna array, which greatly shortens the deployment time and enhances the real-time performance of the system.

[0073] 3) The communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna proposed in this application does not require iterative calculations, greatly reducing the computational complexity. Moreover, it only requires a simple optimization problem to obtain the optimal deflection angle, and has low requirements for hardware performance. Attached Figure Description

[0074] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the following description of the relevant technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art is provided with accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings described below are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating some embodiments of the technical solutions in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0075] Figure 1 is a scenario diagram of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the steps of a method for enhancing the communication quality of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna in an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figure 3 is a performance comparison simulation diagram of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0078] Figure 4 is another performance comparison simulation diagram in Embodiment 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set only for ease of explanation, and there is no limitation on the order between the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0080] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0081] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0082] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a scenario diagram of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna in all embodiments of this application. The system includes a base station, a uniform planar antenna array with N rotatable antennas, a rotatable antenna intelligent controller equipped with N control servos and a miniature radar, and a user equipped with a single isotropic antenna. The user is used to transmit signals, the base station is used to receive signals, the rotatable antenna array is used to assist the base station in receiving signals to improve communication quality, and the rotatable antenna intelligent controller is used to detect the user's position and adjust the antenna rotation angle.

[0084] To illustrate the technological advancement of the method proposed in this application, the received signal power of the communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna proposed in this application was compared with other methods in different embodiments on the MATLAB platform. Among them, the other methods include: 1) Fixed antenna system: The antenna position is fixed, neither rotating nor translating, relying only on the existing antenna orientation.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] In this embodiment, the specific parameter settings are as follows: the user deploys one transmitting antenna, the wavelength corresponding to the signal frequency is set to λ = 0.125m, and the antenna spacing is λ / 2. The initial value of the base station signal transmission power is 20dBm, the noise power density is -80dBm, and the initial position of the target user is set to (15,5,3)m, defining its spatial position relative to the base station in three-dimensional coordinates, while allowing it to move within the horizontal plane in the range of -π / 3 to π / 3. The antenna array is set as a two-dimensional planar array, N x =10 and N y =10, and arranged at equal intervals. The directional gain of each element is calculated using the formula G0 = 2(2p + 1), where These are parameters for directional adjustment. To limit the spatial range of the user's received signal, the maximum elevation angle is limited to [value missing].

[0087] As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment provides a method for enhancing the communication quality of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna, including the following steps:

[0088] S1. Introduce deflection angle pairs to characterize the three-dimensional orientation of a single antenna and establish a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pairs.

[0089] As an optional implementation method, step S1 is specifically implemented as follows:

[0090] Consider a single-user uplink transmission system. Assume the user has one isotropic antenna and transmits its information to a base station equipped with N rotatable antennas. These rotatable antennas are arranged in a uniform planar array, each having N antennas. x One and N y If a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is established using the plane containing the target plane, then the rotatable antenna elements distributed along the x-axis and y-axis are respectively N. x and N y And N = N x ×N y The reference position of the nth rotatable antenna in the array can be represented as... Where n x n y Let d represent the nth column and nth row, respectively, and d represent the spacing between the rotatable antennas, satisfying the following condition: λ represents the wavelength, and the area of ​​each rotatable antenna element is expressed as... satisfy Assuming the distance from the user to the center of the uniform planar array is l, the user's coordinate reference position can be represented as q = [lΦ, lΨ, lΩ]. T ,in and And ψ∈[0,π], Let and represent the azimuth and horizontal angles of the user relative to the origin of the coordinate system, respectively. Therefore, the distance from the user to the nth rotatable antenna can be expressed as:

[0091] in In practice, based on the order of wavelength, ζ << 1 is usually the case.

[0092] The three-dimensional orientation adjustment of each rotatable antenna element can be represented by a pair of deflection angles α and β. For the nth rotatable antenna, α is the antenna azimuth angle, representing the angle between the antenna center line of sight and the z-axis, satisfying 0 ≤ α ≤ β. max ,and β represents the antenna horizontal angle, which is the angle between the projection of the antenna center line of sight onto the xy plane and the x-axis.

[0093] Therefore, the pointing vector along the central line of sight of the antenna can be represented by the azimuth angle α and the horizontal angle β as u(θ). n )=[sinαcosβ,sinαsinβ,cosα] T , where θ n =[α,β] TLet ||θ| be the deflection angle of the antenna as a vector, and have normalized ||θ|. n ||=1.

[0094] Assume the directional gain of each rotatable antenna is expressed as:

[0095] in Let be a pair of incident angles relative to the central line of sight of any spatial point, p be a directional parameter used to quantify the main lobe width of the antenna, and G0 = 2(2p + 1) be the maximum gain under power conservation. Based on the directional gain of each rotatable antenna and the Friesian transmission equation, the channel power gain between the user and the nth rotatable antenna can be expressed as:

[0096] The integration interval is . Related to the area of ​​the rotatable antenna element, It is the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight.

[0097] Assuming there are randomly distributed scatterers in the transmission environment, the position of the scatterer t can be represented as... Similarly, the channel power gain between the scatterer and the nth rotatable antenna can be expressed as:

[0098] in This represents the distance between the scatterer t and the nth rotatable antenna. It is the projection between the direction vector of the scatterer t and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight.

[0099] Considering the multipath geometric near-field channel between the user and the nth rotatable antenna element, it can be expressed as:

[0100] h(Θ)=h LoS (Θ)+h NLoS (Θ)

[0101] in

[0102] have

[0103] Similarly

[0104] have Where σ t This represents the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the scattering body t. χ represents the distance between the scatterer t and the user. t This represents the phase shift introduced by the scatterer t.

[0105] Therefore, in this uplink transmission system, the received signal at the base station can be represented as

[0106] in s and s represent the transmission power and transmitted information at the user end, respectively, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise. Both the real part and the imaginary part obey the power σ. 2 It follows an independent Gaussian distribution with a mean of zero.

[0107] S2. Use a rotatable antenna intelligent controller to obtain the actual user's directional position and channel status information.

[0108] As an optional implementation method, step S2 is specifically implemented as follows:

[0109] The rotatable antenna intelligent controller combines the synergy of a micro radar module and a micro servo module to accurately acquire the actual user's directional position and channel status information, and then mechanically adjusts the deflection angle of the rotatable antenna.

[0110] The miniature radar module mainly consists of a ranging core and a rotating system, responsible for detecting the surrounding environment and acquiring the position and angle information of user targets. The ranging core utilizes the time-of-flight principle, determining the distance between the base station and the user by measuring the time interval between the transmission and reception of modulated laser pulses. The ranging core is equipped with a 905nm laser transmitter that emits modulated laser pulses. An internal timer starts counting from time t1. When the laser illuminates the target object, part of the laser pulse's energy is reflected by the target object and returns to the radar at the same speed. When the radar receives the returned laser signal, it stops the internal timer at time t2. Assuming the speed of light at this time is C, the distance D from the laser radar to the object is: D = C × (t2 - t1) / 2.

[0111] The rotation system is driven by a brushless stepper motor shaft, rotating and scanning within the miniature radar system. The scanning frequency and angle can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. In the default configuration, the system's scanning frequency is 10Hz, and the scanning angle range is 360°, ensuring detection of all targets within the complete spatial range. When a target is detected within the configured range, the system captures the target's light intensity, distance, and angle of arrival information in each detection cycle and encodes them into hexadecimal data clusters. These data clusters are transmitted to a PC via a serial port, and target information is then extracted from each data cluster. Using the target information acquired by the miniature radar module, the system further estimates channel state information, supporting precise antenna adjustment by a rotatable antenna intelligent controller to optimize communication quality. By correlating the received signal with the pilot signal, the least squares method is applied to estimate the channel's frequency response. The basic objective of LS estimation is to minimize the sum of squared errors between the received and estimated signals; the channel response is then calculated as:

[0112] Where r i For the received signal, s i * The conjugate of the pilot signal, This is the estimated channel response.

[0113] S3. Based on the acquired information, formulate a minimum signal-to-noise ratio maximization problem, and jointly optimize the receiving beamforming and the deflection angle of all rotatable antennas.

[0114] As an optional implementation method, step S3 is specifically implemented as follows:

[0115] After completing information acquisition and channel state information estimation in step S2, it is assumed that the channel state information of the relevant channels is completely known at the base station. Therefore, after receiving the actual transmitted signal y from the user, the base station applies... The linear receiving beamforming vector extracts the user's signal, and ||v||=1. The received signal can be re-expressed as:

[0116] The received signal-to-noise ratio can be expressed as:

[0117] Based on the aforementioned received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) expression, the goal is to maximize the minimum SNR by jointly optimizing the receiver beamforming vector v and the deflection angle matrix Θ of all rotatable antenna elements. However, considering the modulus 1 constraint of the receiver beamforming vector v and the azimuth angle constraint 0≤α≤α of the rotatable antenna elements... max Therefore, the optimization problem can be expressed as:

[0118] ||v||=1

[0119] Considering a single-user scenario, where there is no information interference between users and assuming the number of scatterers T = 0, the optimization problem can be simplified to:

[0120] ||v||=1

[0121] Based on this, we utilize a maximum beamforming ratio beamformer. As the optimal receiver beamforming scheme, v MRC Substituting this into the equation simplifies the signal-to-noise ratio γ to...

[0122] Based on the above formula, the optimization problem P2 can be decomposed into N subproblems for separate optimization. Therefore, combining the above formula and P2, and omitting the constant term, a single optimization problem can be expressed as:

[0123] st0≤α≤α max ,

[0124] Since p≥0, the optimal solution to problem P3 can be obtained by maximizing the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight.

[0125] Where a1 = [1, 0, 0] T a2 = [0, 1, 0] T a3 = [0, 0, 1] T This represents the unit direction vector. At this point, α... optimal and β optimal This means that, regardless of the azimuth or horizontal angle, the antenna center line of all rotatable antenna elements is aligned with the user's direction, and the maximum array gain NG0 can be achieved, thereby maximizing communication quality.

[0126] S4. Use the rotating antenna intelligent controller to change the antenna angle to the optimal deflection angle and reconfigure the array gain mode to maximize the directional gain in the user direction.

[0127] As an optional implementation method, step S4 is specifically implemented as follows:

[0128] Based on the calculation results in step S3, the micro servo module in the rotatable antenna intelligent controller performs precise angle deflection according to these results. The micro servo module, in conjunction with the STM32 microcontroller, mechanically adjusts the antenna angle. First, the STM32 microcontroller analyzes the input signal and determines the optimal deflection angle α. optimal and β optimal Generate the corresponding pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The duty cycle of the PWM signal corresponds to the target angle of the servo motor, i.e., θ.servo =k×(T) high -T low ), where T high and T low These represent the high and low levels of the pulse width modulation signal, respectively, and k is the angle conversion coefficient of the servo motor. Next, the STM32 detects the current angle θ in real time. current and compare it with the target angle θ servo Compare and calculate the error signal Δθ = θ servo -θ current The STM32 uses small-step incremental adjustments to the servo angle to eliminate errors, i.e. The target deflection angle is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the antenna orientation is always optimal, thereby maximizing communication quality.

[0129] Figure 3 illustrates the relationship between the received signal power and the user's horizontal angle in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna and a fixed antenna. From -π / 3 to π / 3, the received signal power of the rotatable antenna system is significantly better than that of the fixed antenna system. When the target azimuth angle is set to 0, the received signal power of the rotatable and fixed antenna systems is the same. This result can be attributed to the fact that the main lobe directions of the antennas of both systems are almost aligned with the target at this specific angle, where the deflection of the rotatable antenna is very small, not much different from that of the fixed antenna. However, when the azimuth angle increases from 0 to π / 3 or decreases from 0 to -π / 3, the received signal power of the rotatable antenna system is significantly better than that of the fixed antenna system. This is because the rotatable antenna can actively adjust its line-of-sight direction, while the fixed antenna can only maintain a fixed orientation. In comparison, the rotatable antenna system exhibits stronger adaptability, mitigating the impact of changes in the user azimuth angle on the receiver performance.

[0130] Figure 4 shows the received signal power curves achievable using a rotatable antenna and a fixed antenna in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna. As the number of antennas increases from 0 to 50, the signal power achievable by the rotatable antenna gradually increases with the number of antennas, consistently exceeding the signal power achievable by the fixed antenna, achieving a 7dB performance gain compared to the fixed antenna. The results demonstrate that even with a smaller number of antennas, the rotatable antenna can still deliver better performance gains.

[0131] In summary, the communication quality improvement method for single-user uplink transmission systems based on rotatable antennas proposed in this application can significantly improve the transmission quality of the communication system by utilizing rotatable antennas, thereby achieving optimal or near-optimal communication transmission performance in single-user uplink transmission scenarios.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set. The at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set are loaded and executed by the processor to implement a communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna, as shown in FIG2.

[0134] It is understood that the memory may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory may include non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory may include a stored program area and a stored data area, wherein the stored program area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function, instructions for implementing the various method embodiments described above, etc.; the stored data area may store data created according to the use of the server, etc.

[0135] A processor may include one or more processing cores. The processor connects to various parts of the server via various interfaces and lines, executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory, and accessing data stored in memory to perform various server functions and process data. Optionally, the processor may be implemented using at least one of the following hardware forms: Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor may integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system and applications; the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented as a separate chip without being integrated into the processor.

[0136] Since this electronic device is the electronic device corresponding to the communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna in the embodiments of this application, and the principle of solving the problem by this electronic device is similar to that of this method, the implementation of this electronic device can refer to the implementation process of the above method embodiments, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0137] Example 3

[0138] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set. The at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna, as shown in FIG2.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, including read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), one-time programmable read-only memory (OTPROM), electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, disk storage, magnetic tape storage, or any other computer-readable medium capable of carrying or storing data.

[0140] Since the storage medium is the storage medium corresponding to the communication quality enhancement method of a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna in the embodiments of this application, and the principle of the storage medium in solving the problem is similar to that of the method, the implementation of the storage medium can refer to the implementation process of the above method embodiments, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0141] Example 4

[0142] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the methods in the embodiments of this application can also be implemented as a program product, including program code that, when run on a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the steps of a communication quality enhancement method for a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to various exemplary embodiments of this application, as described above. The executable computer program code or "code" for performing the various embodiments can be written in high-level programming languages ​​such as C, C++, C#, Smalltalk, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Structured Query Language (e.g., Transact-SQL), Perl, or in various other programming languages.

[0143] It should be understood that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0144] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0145] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of this application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this application and implement it accordingly, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. All equivalent changes or modifications made based on the substance of the content of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing the quality of communication in a single user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A deflection angle pair is introduced to characterize the three-dimensional orientation of a single antenna, and a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pair is established; The actual user's directional position and channel status information are obtained using a rotatable antenna intelligent controller. Based on the acquired information, a minimum signal-to-noise ratio maximization problem is formulated, and the receive beamforming and the deflection angles of all rotatable antennas are jointly optimized. By using a rotating antenna intelligent controller to change the antenna angle to the optimal deflection angle and reconfiguring the array gain mode, the directional gain in the user direction can be improved.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The single-user uplink transmission system includes a base station, a uniform planar antenna array with N rotatable antennas, a rotatable antenna intelligent controller equipped with N control servos and a miniature radar, and a user equipped with a single isotropic antenna. Consider a single-user uplink transmission system. Assume the user is equipped with one isotropic antenna and transmits its information to a base station configured with N rotatable antennas. The rotatable antennas are arranged in a uniform planar array, each having N antennas. x One and N y If a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is established using the plane containing the target plane, then the rotatable antenna elements distributed along the x-axis and y-axis are respectively N. x and N y And N = N x ×N y The reference position of the nth rotatable antenna in the array is represented as: P n = [n x d,n y d,0] where n x , n y represent the nth column and the nth row, respectively, and d represents the spacing between rotatable antennas. Assuming the distance from the user to the center of the uniform planar array is l, the user's coordinate reference position is represented as: q = [lΦ, lΨ, lΩ] T where ψ ∈ [0, π], respectively represent the azimuth and the horizontal angle of the user relative to the origin of the coordinate system; This indicates an exact equality and is used to define the expression for this parameter. The distance of the user to the n-th rotatable antenna is denoted as: wherein 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The introduction of deflection angle pairs to characterize the three-dimensional orientation of a single antenna, and the establishment of a multipath geometric channel model related to the antenna deflection angle pairs, includes: The three-dimensional orientation adjustment of each rotatable antenna element is represented by a pair of deflection angles α and β; for the nth rotatable antenna, α is the antenna azimuth angle, representing the angle between the antenna's central line of sight and the z-axis; β is the antenna horizontal angle, representing the angle between the projection of the antenna's central line of sight onto the xy-plane and the x-axis; therefore, the pointing vector of the antenna's central line of sight is represented by the azimuth angle α and the horizontal angle β as follows: u(θ n ) = [sin α cos β, sin α sin β, cos α] T where θ n = [α, β] T is the steering angle pair vector for the antenna; Assume that the directional gain of each rotatable antenna is represented as: In the formulae, , where is a pair of incident angles of any spatial point relative to the central line of sight of the rotatable antenna, p is a directional parameter used to quantify the main lobe width of the antenna, and G0 is the maximum gain under power conservation. Based on the directional gain of each rotatable antenna and the Friesian transmission equation, the channel power gain between the user and the nth rotatable antenna is expressed as: where q is the user's coordinate reference position, k is an integration variable used to compute the channel power gain, The integral interval; cos(∈) is the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector along the antenna center line of sight. n Let K be the distance from the user to the nth rotatable antenna, and K be the area of ​​the rotatable antenna array. Assume there are randomly distributed scatterers in the transmission environment, and the position of the scatterer t is denoted as r. t The channel power gain between the scatterer and the nth rotatable antenna is expressed as: In the formula, This represents the distance between the scatterer t and the nth rotatable antenna. It is the projection between the direction vector of the scatterer t and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight; Considering the multipath geometric near-field channel between the user and the nth rotatable antenna element, it can be expressed as: h(Θ)=h LoS (Θ)+h NLoS (I) In the formula, σ t This represents the radar cross-sectional area of ​​the scattering body t. denotes the distance between the scatterer t and the user, χ t denotes the phase shift introduced by the scatterer t, λ denotes the wavelength, g n (θ n ) denotes the channel power gain between the user and the n-th rotatable antenna; Therefore, in this uplink transmission system, the received signal at the base station is represented as: In the formula, s and s represent the transmission power and transmission information at the user end, respectively, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise.

4. The method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of acquiring actual user directional position and channel state information using a rotatable antenna intelligent controller includes: The rotatable antenna intelligent controller obtains the actual user's directional position and channel status information by combining the synergistic effect of a micro radar module and a micro servo module, and then performs mechanical adjustment of the rotatable antenna deflection angle.

5. The method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The miniature radar module consists of a ranging core and a rotating system, and is responsible for detecting the surrounding environment and acquiring the position and angle information of the user target. The ranging core utilizes the time-of-flight principle to determine the distance between the base station and the user by measuring the time interval between transmitting and receiving modulated laser pulses: The laser transmitter equipped with the ranging core emits modulated pulse lasers, and the internal timer starts counting from time t1. When the laser irradiates the target object, part of the laser pulse energy is reflected by the target object and returns to the radar at the same speed. When the radar receives the returned laser signal, it stops counting the internal timer at time t2. Assuming that the speed of light is C at this time, the distance D from the laser radar to the object is: D = C × (t2 - t1) / 2.

6. The method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating system is driven by the central shaft of a brushless stepper motor and rotates for scanning inside the miniature radar module; When a target is detected within the configured range, the system captures the target's light intensity, distance, and angle of arrival information in each detection cycle and encodes them into hexadecimal data clusters. These data clusters are transmitted to a PC host computer via a serial port, and the target information is then extracted from each data cluster. Using the target information obtained from the miniature radar module, the system further estimates the channel state information, supports the rotatable antenna intelligent controller to precisely adjust the antenna, and optimizes communication quality. By correlating the received signal with the pilot signal, the least squares method is applied to estimate the channel frequency response. The fundamental objective of LS estimation is to minimize the sum of squared errors between the received and estimated signals. The channel response is then solved as follows: In the formula, r i For the received signal, s i * The conjugate of the pilot signal, The channel response is estimated, and N is the number of received signals.

7. The method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of formulating a minimum signal-to-noise ratio maximization problem based on the acquired information, and jointly optimizing the receive beamforming and the deflection angles of all rotatable antennas, includes: After completing information acquisition and channel state information estimation, upon receiving the actual transmitted signal y from the user, the base station applies v. H The linear receiving beamforming vector extracts the user's signal, and the received signal can be re-represented as: In the formula, h(Θ) is the channel expression between the user and the base station. s and s represent the transmission power and transmitted information at the user end, respectively, and n represents additive white Gaussian noise. Both the real and imaginary parts are subject to independent Gaussian distributions with power σ 2 , with zero mean. The received signal-to-noise ratio is expressed as: where σ2is the power of the additive white Gaussian noise; and 2 where σ2is the power of the additive white Gaussian noise; and By jointly optimizing the receiver beamforming vector v and the deflection angle matrix Θ of all rotatable antenna elements, the goal is to maximize the minimum signal-to-noise ratio; however, considering the modulus 1 constraint of the receiver beamforming vector v and the azimuth angle constraint 0≤α≤α of the rotatable antenna elements, the following steps are taken: max Therefore, the optimization problem can be expressed as: ||v||＝1 Considering a single-user scenario, where there is no information interference between users and assuming the number of scatterers T = 0, the optimization problem simplifies to: ||v||＝1 Based on this, a maximum beamforming ratio beamformer is used. As the optimal receiver beamforming scheme, v MRC Substituting the values, we simplify the signal-to-noise ratio γ to: The optimization problem P2 is decomposed into N subproblems for optimization. A single optimization problem can be represented as: s.t. 0 < a < a max , Since p≥0, the optimal solution to problem P3 is obtained by maximizing the projection between the user direction vector and the pointing vector of the antenna center line of sight: In the formula, a1 = [1, 0, 0] T a2 = [0, 1, 0] T a3 = [0, 0, 1] T denote unit direction vectors.

8. The method for enhancing communication quality in a single-user uplink transmission system based on a rotatable antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method of using a rotating antenna intelligent controller to change the antenna angle to the optimal deflection angle and reconfigure the array gain mode to improve the directional gain in the user direction includes: After solving α optimal and β optimal , the micro steering engine module combines with the STM32 microcontroller to mechanically adjust the antenna angle: The STM32 microcontroller analyzes the input signal and determines the optimal deflection angle α. optimal and β optimal Generate the corresponding pulse width modulation signal. The duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal corresponds to the target angle of the servo motor, i.e., θ. servo =k×(T) high -T low ), where T high and T low These are the high and low level times of the pulse width modulation signal, respectively, and k is the angle conversion coefficient of the servo motor. The STM32 microcontroller detects the current angle θ in real time. current and compare it with the target angle θ servo Compare and calculate the error signal Δθ = θ servo -θ current The STM32 microcontroller uses small-step incremental adjustments to the servo motor angle to eliminate errors, i.e. The target deflection angle is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the antenna orientation is always optimal, thereby maximizing communication quality.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set, or instruction set, wherein the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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