Communication method, communication apparatus, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

A communication method, a communication apparatus, a storage medium, and a program product. The method is applied to a first node, and comprises: receiving first signaling sent by a second node, the first signaling being used for determining an uplink transmission parameter for transmitting a pilot in an uplink transmission process; and sending a first signal to the second node on the basis of the first signaling, the first signal comprising a pilot.

Description

A communication method, communication device, storage medium, and program product.

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202510123556.8, filed on January 24, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0003] In recent years, with the development of communication technology, the communication services carried by wireless communication networks have become increasingly rich, resulting in more and more communication nodes (such as terminals and base stations) in wireless communication networks, and signal transmission between various communication nodes has become more and more frequent. Summary of the Invention

[0004] On the one hand, a communication method is provided, which is applied to a first node, comprising: receiving a first signaling sent by a second node, the first signaling being used to determine uplink transmission parameters for transmitting pilots during uplink transmission; and sending a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling, the first signal including the pilots.

[0005] On the other hand, a communication method is provided, which is applied to a second node, comprising: sending a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine uplink transmission parameters for transmitting pilots during uplink transmission; and receiving a first signal sent by one or more first nodes, the first signal including the pilots.

[0006] On the other hand, a communication device is provided for use in a first node, the device comprising: a receiving module and a transmitting module.

[0007] The receiving module is used to receive the first signaling sent by the second node, the first signaling being used to determine the uplink transmission parameters of the pilot during uplink transmission; the sending module is used to send a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling, the first signal including the pilot.

[0008] In another aspect, a communication device is provided for use in a second node, the device comprising: a transmitting module and a receiving module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine uplink transmission parameters for transmitting pilot signals during uplink transmission; the receiving module is configured to receive a first signal transmitted by one or more first nodes, the first signal including the pilot signal.

[0009] In another aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor. The memory and the processor are coupled. The memory is used to store a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the aforementioned communication method.

[0010] In another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described communication method.

[0011] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the above-described communication method. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

[0013] Figure 1 is an architecture diagram of a communication system according to some embodiments.

[0014] Figure 2 is an example diagram illustrating the positional relationship between a preamble, intermembrane, posttermembrane, and uplink data according to some embodiments.

[0015] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a communication method according to some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 4 is an example diagram of an SFS waveform according to some embodiments.

[0017] Figure 5 is an example diagram of another SFS waveform according to some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 6 is an example diagram of another SFS waveform according to some embodiments.

[0019] Figure 7 is a flowchart of another communication method according to some embodiments.

[0020] Figure 8 is a flowchart of another communication method according to some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a communication device according to some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 10 is a block diagram of another communication device according to some embodiments.

[0023] Figure 11 is a block diagram of another communication device according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of this disclosure will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0025] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in this disclosure should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0026] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0027] In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more.

[0028] In recent years, the ambient internet of things (A-IoT) or passive IoT has attracted much attention in the field of wireless communication.

[0029] Here, the linear code encoding methods for the device-to-reader (D2R) links supported by environmental IoT, passive IoT, or radio frequency identification (RFID) include Manchester code, frequency modulation (FM) 0 code, and Miller code, and the multiple access method supported for the D2R links is frequency division multiple access.

[0030] Some IoT devices (which can be called Type 2 devices, device2, etc.) have energy storage units (such as power supplies), strong processing capabilities, and can actively generate radio frequency signals and perform frequency shifting.

[0031] However, since IoT applications require the deployment of hundreds of millions of devices, some IoT devices (referred to as Type 1 devices, device1, etc.) need to be small in size, low in complexity, and low in power consumption. Given the low complexity design requirements of IoT devices, Type 1 devices do not have energy storage units and therefore need to obtain energy from the surrounding environment. Consequently, limited by low power consumption, low complexity, and limited hardware performance, Type 1 devices transmit uplink signals via backscattering on D2R links. In D2R link multiple access scenarios, a frequency division multiple access scheme based on waveform coding or square waves is used to support uplink access for multiple devices. Frequency shifting is achieved by processing the information sequence after traditional data processing based on square wave signals with different periods or waveform codes with different repetition counts; that is, by adjusting the period of the square wave signal or the repetition count of the waveform codewords, the frequency shift position of the device's transmitted signal is changed.

[0032] Here, the frequency shift factors supported by the D2R link of the RFID system include M = 1 / 2 / 4 / 8, etc., where M represents the number of square waves in the code word period. The D2R link is also equivalent to the uplink, and D2R transmission is also equivalent to uplink transmission.

[0033] For multi-device uplink frequency division multiple access (FDMA) transmission, each device should be able to achieve multi-user (users are equivalent to devices / first nodes / tags, etc.) interference separation by occupying different transmission frequency bands. However, the low-complexity design requirements of IoT devices result in lower clock accuracy, leading to sampling frequency offset (SFO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO). This causes the resulting frequency-shifted signal to shift relative to the specified transmission frequency band, further resulting in spectral aliasing of the device's transmitted signal and reducing the transmission performance at the receiving end. Furthermore, the square wave-based frequency-shifted signal generation method introduces multiple harmonic components from the square wave, which also contributes to spectral interference in multi-user transmission signals.

[0034] In summary, the low complexity of IoT devices leads to poor synchronization between IoT devices and base stations. Improving communication quality during signal transmission has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0035] Based on this, to solve the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a communication method applied to signal transmission scenarios for uplink multiple access on IoT devices. By transmitting pilot signals during uplink signal transmission to support synchronization and channel estimation between nodes, the communication quality during signal transmission is improved. Furthermore, by limiting the parameters of pilot transmission during uplink transmission, the impact of multiple access interference and pilot collisions between different frequency domain resources is reduced, thereby improving multiple access transmission performance.

[0036] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the network architecture of the mobile communication network (including but not limited to second-generation mobile communication technology (2G), third-generation mobile communication technology (3G), fourth-generation mobile communication technology (4G), fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), and future mobile communication networks (such as the evolution of future fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G-A), sixth-generation mobile communication technology (6G), and seventh-generation mobile communication technology (7G)) may include at least a first communication node and a second communication node, which may be referred to as the first node and the second node, respectively.

[0037] For example, as shown in FIG1, it is an architecture diagram of a communication system according to some embodiments, which may include: a first node 101 and a second node 102.

[0038] The first node 101 can receive uplink transmission parameters sent by the second node 102 to determine the transmission pilot during uplink transmission, and add a pilot to the first signal to be transmitted based on the uplink transmission parameters to measure the channel state between the first node 101 and the second node 102, and / or the synchronization state of the first node 101.

[0039] After receiving the first signal sent by the first node 101, the second node 102 can calculate the channel state between the first node 101 and the second node 102 and / or the synchronization state of the first node 101 by detecting the pilot and performing synchronization estimation, channel estimation, etc., so as to repair the channel interference affecting the first signal and / or the synchronization alignment between the first node 101 and the second node 102, and ensure that the second node 102 obtains the accurate first signal.

[0040] In other words, pilot-assisted data transmission is used, and data is synchronized and channel equalized through pilot-based channel estimation, SFO estimation, timing offset (TO) estimation, and CFO estimation to improve detection performance.

[0041] It should be noted that pilots can be generated based on synchronization sequences, including preamble (or presynchronization code or preamble), middle guide (or middle synchronization code or middle guide code or midamble) and tail guide (or postsynchronization code or postamble).

[0042] Here, the preamble is placed before the data to be transmitted and can be used for purposes such as determining the start of D2R transmission, channel estimation, SFO / CFO / TO estimation, etc.

[0043] The midamble is distributed among the data to be transmitted and can be used for purposes such as channel estimation, SFO / CFO / TO estimation, etc.

[0044] The postamble is located after the data to be transmitted and can be used for purposes such as marking the end of D2R transmission, channel estimation, SFO / CFO / TO estimation, etc.

[0045] For example, as shown in Figure 2, the positional relationship between the preamble, intermezzo, posttermezzo, and uplink data is illustrated. Here, the preamble is always placed before the uplink data, the intermezzo is inserted between the uplink data, and the posttermezzo is always placed after the uplink data.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node 101 can be a transmitting node, such as a passive IoT device, tag, or terminal. The second node 102 can be a receiving node, such as a base station, auxiliary node, intermediate node, or reader.

[0047] Here, a base station (BS) can be a base station in LTE, Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTEA) or an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB), a base station device (gNB) in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system, etc. Base stations can include various macro base stations, micro base stations, femtocell base stations, wireless remote extensions, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISS), routers, relay stations, transmission and reception points (TRPs), receivers, access points, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) devices, and other network-side equipment. A base station can sometimes also be referred to as a reader or reader used for communication with terminals.

[0048] A terminal can be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving vehicles, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, and so on. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the application scenarios. A terminal may also be referred to as a user, user equipment (UE), A-IoT device, access terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, transmitter, remote terminal, mobile device, UE terminal, wireless communication device, UE agent, or UE device, etc., and the embodiments of this disclosure do not limit this to these terms.

[0049] It should be noted that Figure 1 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices included in Figure 1 and the names of each device are not limited. In addition to the devices shown in Figure 1, the communication system may also include other devices, such as core network devices.

[0050] The application scenarios of the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited. The system architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this disclosure are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0051] Figure 3 shows a flowchart of a communication method. As shown in Figure 3, the communication method is applied to the first node and includes: S301 and S302.

[0052] In S301, the first signaling sent by the second node is received.

[0053] Here, the first signaling is used to determine the uplink transmission parameters for transmitting the pilot during uplink transmission.

[0054] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the uplink transmission parameters may include at least one of the following 1.1-1.10:

[0055] 1.1 Transport block information;

[0056] 1.2 Error correction coding information;

[0057] 1.3 Bandwidth information;

[0058] 1.4 Data rate information;

[0059] 1.5 Bit duration information;

[0060] 1.6 Modulation information;

[0061] 1.7 Uplink pilot information;

[0062] 1.8 Frequency domain location information;

[0063] 1.9 Frequency domain offset information;

[0064] 1.10 Waveform encoding information.

[0065] Here, the transport block information is used to instruct the first node to determine the transport block for uplink transmission. The transport block information may include at least one of the following 1.1.1-1.1.2:

[0066] 1.1.1 Transport block size (TBS);

[0067] 1.1.2 Length of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits.

[0068] Error correction coding information is used to instruct the first node to determine the error correction coding for uplink transmission. The error correction coding information may include at least one of the following: 1.2.1-1.2.3

[0069] 1.2.1 Identification information indicating whether error correction coding is required;

[0070] 1.2.2 Error correction coding pattern;

[0071] 1.2.3. Code rate of error correction coding.

[0072] Bandwidth information is used to indicate the bit duration and / or data rate of data transmission, where bit refers to the bits in the data sequence to be transmitted.

[0073] Data rate information is used to indicate the transmission bandwidth and / or bit duration of data transmission.

[0074] Bit duration information is used to indicate the transmission bandwidth and / or data rate of data transmission.

[0075] The modulation information is used to instruct the first node to determine the signal modulation method for uplink transmission. The modulation information may include at least one of the following: 1.6.1-1.6.2

[0076] 1.6.1 On-off keying (OOK);

[0077] 1.6.2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).

[0078] Uplink pilot information, also known as D2R pilot information, is used to instruct the first node to determine the uplink pilot for uplink transmission. Uplink pilot information includes at least one of the following 1.7.1-1.7.13:

[0079] 1.7.1, Preamble Sequence;

[0080] 1.7.2. Preamble Sequence Type;

[0081] 1.7.3 Length of the preamble;

[0082] 1.7.4 Indicates whether there is identification information for the intermediate preamble;

[0083] 1.7.5, Sequence of intermediate preambles;

[0084] 1.7.6. Sequence types of intermediate preambles;

[0085] 1.7.7 Length of the middle precode;

[0086] 1.7.8. Number of intermediate precodes;

[0087] 1.7.9. Insertion position of the middle preamble;

[0088] 1.7.10 Indicates whether there is a postcode identifier;

[0089] 1.7.11. The sequence of postcodes;

[0090] 1.7.12. Sequence type of postcode;

[0091] 1.7.13. Length of the postcode.

[0092] Frequency domain location information is used to instruct the first node to determine the frequency domain location of the uplink transmission, that is, the frequency of the carrier signal, which applies to the first type of node (i.e., the second type of device mentioned above).

[0093] Frequency domain shift information is used to instruct the first node to determine the frequency domain offset of the uplink transmission, that is, the offset relative to the carrier signal frequency, and applies to the second type of node (i.e., the first type of device mentioned above).

[0094] Waveform encoding information is used to instruct the first node to determine the waveform encoding for uplink transmission. Waveform encoding information may include at least one of the following: 1.10.1-1.10.3

[0095] 1.10.1 Identification information indicating whether waveform encoding is performed;

[0096] 1.10.2 Waveform encoding code type;

[0097] 1.10.3. Waveform encoding bit rate.

[0098] In S302, a first signal is sent to the second node based on the first signaling.

[0099] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node can process the data to be transmitted based on the first signal to obtain the data sequence of the data to be transmitted, and generate a pilot code sequence based on the first signaling.

[0100] Next, the first node can use the data sequence and pilot code sequence as the first sequence, process the first sequence based on the uplink transmission parameters, generate the first signal, and then send the first signal to the second node.

[0101] Alternatively, the first node can perform waveform encoding on the data sequence and pilot code sequence to obtain a first sequence, and process the first sequence based on the uplink transmission parameters to generate a first signal, which is then sent to the second node.

[0102] In other words, the first sequence can be a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, or the first sequence can be a chip sequence obtained by waveform encoding of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence.

[0103] It should be noted that the waveform encoding pattern may include, but is not limited to, Manchester code, Miller code, and FMO code, and the waveform encoding pattern may be determined by a pre-set method or by signaling sent by the second node (such as by waveform encoding information determined by the first signaling).

[0104] Similarly, the code rate of waveform encoding can be determined by a pre-set method or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by the waveform encoding information determined by the first signaling).

[0105] In addition, the first signal includes the pilot corresponding to the pilot code sequence, and the data to be transmitted may include at least one of the following: service data, device identifier, pilot information, frequency domain information, and device type.

[0106] In some embodiments, during the process of the first node processing the data to be sent based on the first signaling to obtain the data sequence of the data to be sent, the first node may add CRC to the data to be sent to obtain the first bit sequence, and perform error correction encoding on the first bit sequence to obtain the data sequence of the data to be sent.

[0107] Here, when TBS is less than or equal to the first information length, the CRC size can be the first CRC length; when TBS is greater than the first information length, the CRC size can be the second CRC length. When TBS is greater than the second information length, the first node performs error correction encoding on the first bit sequence. When TBS is less than or equal to the second information length, the first node does not perform error correction encoding on the first bit sequence, that is, the data sequence is the same as the first bit sequence. The second information length can be the same as or different from the first information length.

[0108] For example, the length of the first information can be 20; the length of the first CRC can be 6; and the length of the second CRC can be 16, without any constraints.

[0109] Error-correcting codes can include, but are not limited to, one of the following: convolutional codes, tail-biting convolutional codes, polar codes, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, and Turbo codes (a type of parallel concatenated convolutional code). The code rates of error-correcting codes include, but are not limited to: 1, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, 1 / 3, 1 / 8, 3 / 5, and 1 / 16.

[0110] Furthermore, the first information length, the first CRC length, and the second CRC length can be determined by a pre-set method, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by the transport block information determined by the first signaling).

[0111] Similarly, the length of the second information, the code type and code rate of the error correction code can be determined by a pre-set method, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by the error correction code information determined by the first signaling).

[0112] It should be noted that during the process of the first node processing the data sequence and pilot code sequence based on the uplink transmission parameters to obtain the first signal, the first node can select different methods to process the data sequence and pilot code sequence based on the device type of the first node to obtain the first signal.

[0113] In some embodiments, when the first node is a first type of node that supports actively generating radio frequency signals and performing frequency shifting, the first node can modulate the data sequence and pilot code sequence onto a carrier signal at a frequency domain location indicated by the frequency domain location information to obtain a first signal.

[0114] For example, the first node can directly generate a carrier signal with a frequency of f1, and modulate the data sequence and pilot code sequence onto the carrier signal to obtain the first signal.

[0115] Here, the frequency f1 of the carrier signal can be determined by a preset method or by signaling sent by the second node (such as frequency domain position information in the uplink transmission parameters).

[0116] In some embodiments, when the first node is a second type of node that transmits uplink signals via backscattering, the first node can generate the first signal based on the first sequence using any one of the following three methods (Method 1 to Method 3):

[0117] Method 1: When the first sequence is a chip sequence obtained by waveform encoding of a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, the first node can repeat each codeword in the first sequence R times within the corresponding bit duration to generate the first signal.

[0118] In other words, due to the limitations of low power consumption, low complexity and limited hardware performance, the second type of node can transmit uplink signals through backscattering on the D2R link and adopt a small frequency shift (SFS) frequency division multiple access scheme.

[0119] For example, taking Manchester code as an example of waveform encoding, the first node can encode each Manchester codeword (the codeword corresponding to Bit 1 or Bit 0) in the first sequence for the same duration as the corresponding bit (i.e., bit duration T). b Repeat R times within ) Make the small frequency offset (in Hertz) Here, L represents chip length / chip duration (CD), and T... b R represents the duration of each bit in the data sequence and pilot code sequence. Figure 4 shows the SFS waveforms with repetition patterns of R = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.

[0120] Method 2: When the first sequence is a chip sequence obtained by waveform encoding of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence, the first node can perform operations on each codeword in the first sequence with a preset square wave sequence of order R based on a preset operation method to generate the first signal.

[0121] Here, the preset operation method may include at least one of the following: multiplication operation, XOR operation, and XNOR operation.

[0122] For example, taking Manchester code as the waveform encoding pattern, the first node can multiply the Manchester codeword (the codeword corresponding to Bit 1 or Bit 0) in the first sequence with the square wave corresponding to the small frequency shift (multiplication, MUL), and the duration corresponding to each bit (i.e., bit duration T) b It contains R square wave periods (i.e., the square wave sequence satisfies the bit duration T). b (Contains R square wave periods) Make the small frequency offset (in Hertz) be Here, the multiplication operation is performed by an XOR or XNOR operation between the Manchester codeword (corresponding to the information bit) and a square wave with a small frequency offset, where L is the chip length / chip time. Figure 5 shows the multiplication operation between square waves of orders 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 and the Manchester codeword.

[0123] It should be noted that the waveform encoding process using Miller codes can be found in the relevant technical specifications, and will not be elaborated here.

[0124] Furthermore, for waveform encoding using FM0 code, a small frequency shift may not be defined.

[0125] Method 3: When the first sequence consists of a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, the first node can map each bit in the first sequence to a square wave sequence to generate the first signal.

[0126] For example, in the case where waveform coding is not used, a square wave corresponding to a small frequency shift can be used, with each information bit corresponding to a duration (i.e., bit duration T). b The R square wave periods generated by 2·R OOK chips (e.g., [0,1,0,1,…] / [1,0,1,0,…]) or BPSK chips ([-1,+1,-1,+1,…] / [+1,-1,+1,-1,…]) result in a small frequency offset (in Hertz) of 1 / R. Figure 6 shows square wave waveforms (i.e., SFS / square wave waveforms) corresponding to small frequency shifts with R orders of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.

[0127] It should be noted that the value of R can satisfy any of the following: a pre-set value, determined based on the device identifier of the first node, determined based on the device type of the first node, or determined based on the frequency domain offset information.

[0128] Furthermore, the transmission frequency of the first signal is or

[0129] here, For the top band, For the lower band, T b f1 represents the bit duration of each bit in the data sequence and pilot code sequence, and f2 represents the frequency of the carrier signal carrying the backscattered signal.

[0130] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node needs to select one of the optional transmission resources from the set of available transmission resources during uplink / D2R transmission, and perform data transmission on the selected transmission resource.

[0131] Here, the set of transport resources can be at least one of the following:

[0132] Time-domain transmission resource set: The time-domain transmission resource set contains one or more time slots. The first node can select one from the set and perform uplink data transmission on the selected time slot.

[0133] Frequency domain transmission resource set: The frequency domain transmission resource set contains one or more frequency bands or frequency points. The first node can select one of them and map the data to the selected frequency band or modulate the data to the selected frequency point for uplink data transmission.

[0134] Code domain transmission resource set: The code domain transmission resource set contains one or more codes. The first node can select one from it and process the data with the selected code to perform uplink data transmission.

[0135] In some embodiments, the set of optional transport resources may be determined by signaling sent by the second node or by a pre-configured method.

[0136] For example, taking the frequency domain transmission resource set as an example, the frequency domain transmission resource set can be determined as follows: the frequency domain transmission resource set includes at least one of the R optional value set and the f1 optional value set. Furthermore, the size of the R optional value set and the size of the f1 optional value set together determine the size of the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0137] When the first node performs frequency shifting based on an R-order square wave, one of the possible values ​​of R is selected from the set of possible values ​​for R.

[0138] When the first node directly generates a carrier signal with frequency f1 and modulates the data onto that carrier signal for frequency shifting, it can select one of the possible values ​​of f1.

[0139] It should be noted that the set of possible values ​​for R in the frequency domain transmission resource set can be determined as follows:

[0140] Method 1: If the value of R is pre-configured to be a power of 2, and R is greater than or equal to 1 (or 2), then the second node can send a signaling instruction to indicate the maximum value of R.

[0141] When the signaling sent by the second node indicates that the maximum value of R is 1 (or 2), the size of the set of possible values ​​for R is 1;

[0142] When the signaling sent by the second node indicates that the maximum value of R is greater than 1 (or 2), the size of the set of possible values ​​for R is greater than 1.

[0143] Method 2: The second node can send signaling to indicate a set of optional values ​​for R, such as the frequency domain offset information indicated by the first signaling.

[0144] Method 3: Pre-configure the set of optional values ​​for R.

[0145] Similarly, the set of possible values ​​for f1 in the frequency domain transmission resource set can be determined as follows:

[0146] Method a: Pre-configure the set of possible values ​​for f1.

[0147] Method b: Signaling indication sent by the second node, such as frequency domain location information indication determined by the first signaling.

[0148] In some embodiments, for uplink transmission of a single device, the receiving end can first receive the signal of the device, identify the pilots therein, and perform SFO estimation, TO estimation, CFO estimation and channel estimation based on the received pilots. Then, based on the estimation results, the data portion of the received signal is synchronized and the channel is equalized to complete the detection of transmitted data.

[0149] However, for uplink frequency division multiple access transmission with multiple devices, due to the presence of spectrum aliasing and harmonic interference, the receiver filter is difficult to achieve perfect multi-user spectrum separation. As a result, the pilot signals in the received user data have inter-user interference or even pilot collisions, which will lead to a decrease in pilot detection performance.

[0150] Furthermore, due to differences in clock precision and processing capabilities, the timing of data transmission may vary between different devices. Additionally, the arrival times of data from different channels at the receiving end also differ depending on the transmission path, further contributing to time skew and reducing pilot detection performance. Consequently, subsequent data synchronization and detection performance will be significantly affected.

[0151] In this embodiment of the disclosure, when the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain position information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes a frequency domain resource, the pilot code sequence can be a first type of pilot.

[0152] Alternatively, if the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, the pilot code sequence can be a second type of pilot.

[0153] In other words, if there is only one transmission resource in the transmission resource set, the first node uses Type I pilots during uplink transmission, and the second node determines that the first node is in single-user transmission. If there is more than one transmission resource in the transmission resource set, the first node uses Type II pilots during uplink transmission, and the second node determines that the first node is in uplink multiple access transmission (such as uplink FDM transmission).

[0154] It should be noted that the first type pilot and the second type pilot can satisfy at least one of the following conditions 2.1-2.6:

[0155] 2.1 The first type of pilot is the same as the second type of pilot;

[0156] 2.2 The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have different combinations of preamble, introductory code, and postamble;

[0157] 2.3. Type I pilots and Type II pilots have different sequence lengths;

[0158] 2.4 The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence type, introductory sequence type, and postguide sequence type.

[0159] 2.5 The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence content, introductory sequence content, and postguide sequence content.

[0160] 2.6 The intermediate codes in the first type of pilot and the intermediate codes in the second type of pilot have different distribution characteristics, including at least one of the following: the number of intermediate codes and the insertion position.

[0161] In other words, the first type of pilot and the second type of pilot can be the same or different, and the different features include at least one of 2.2-2.6.

[0162] Here, the first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have different combinations of preamble, introductory code, and postamble, which may include at least one of the following 2.2.1-2.2.2:

[0163] 2.2.1 The first type of pilot may contain only a preamble, while the second type of pilot may contain a preamble and a postamble, or may contain a preamble, an intermolecular and a postamble simultaneously.

[0164] 2.2.2 The first type of pilot can contain a preamble and a postamble, while the second type of pilot can contain a preamble, an introductory code, and a postamble simultaneously.

[0165] In other words, since FDM transmission may introduce multi-user interference and reduce the detection performance of the receiver, using a mid-code and / or post-code other than a preamble helps to improve pilot detection performance and further improve data detection performance.

[0166] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have different sequence lengths, and may include at least one of the following 2.3.1-2.3.3:

[0167] 2.3.1 The length of the preamble in the first type of pilot is L. 11 The length of the preamble in the second type of pilot is L. 12 .

[0168] Here, L 11 >0, L 12 >0 and L 11 ≠L 12 .

[0169] For example, L 12 >L 11 .

[0170] 2.3.2 The length of the back preamble in the first type of pilot is L. 21The length of the post-capture code in the second type of pilot is L. 22 .

[0171] Here, L 21 ≥0, L 22 ≥0 and L 21 ≠L 22 .

[0172] For example, L 22 >L 21 .

[0173] 2.3.3 The length of the middle guide code in the first type of pilot is L. 31 The length of the middle guide code in the second type of pilot is L. 32 .

[0174] Here, L 31 ≥0, L 32 ≥0 and L 31 ≠L 32 .

[0175] For example, L 32 >L 31 .

[0176] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following sequence types: preamble sequence type, intermediate code sequence type, and postamble sequence type, and may include at least one of the following 2.4.1-2.4.3:

[0177] 2.4.1 The sequence type of the preamble in the first type of pilot is Type11, and the sequence type of the preamble in the second type of pilot is Type12.

[0178] Here, Type 11 is different from Type 12.

[0179] 2.4.2 The sequence type of the postcode in the first type of pilot is Type21, and the sequence type of the postcode in the second type of pilot is Type22.

[0180] Here, Type 21 is different from Type 22.

[0181] 2.4.3 The sequence type of the intermediate code in the first type of pilot is Type31, and the sequence type of the intermediate code in the second type of pilot is Type32.

[0182] Here, Type 31 is different from Type 32.

[0183] It should be noted that the sequence types Type11, Type12, Type21, Type22, Type31, and Type32 are all determined from the optional sequence types, and the optional sequence types include at least one of the following: M sequence, Gold sequence, Gray sequence, Golay sequence, PN sequence, RS sequence, Barker sequence, M sequence after different cyclic shifts, and Gold sequence after different cyclic shifts.

[0184] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence content, introductory sequence content, and postguide sequence content, which may include at least one of the following 2.5.1-2.5.3:

[0185] 2.5.1 The sequence content of the preamble in the first type of pilot is different from that in the second type of pilot.

[0186] For example, the preamble in the first type of pilot is a barker sequence of length 16: [-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1];

[0187] The preamble in the second type of pilot is another barker sequence of length 16: [-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1];

[0188] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have the same sequence type and sequence length of preamble, but the sequence itself (i.e. the sequence content) is different.

[0189] 2.5.2 The sequence content of the intermediate code in the first type of pilot is different from that in the second type of pilot.

[0190] For example, the middle preamble in the first type of pilot is an m-sequence of length 7: [1 0 0 1 0 0 1];

[0191] The middle preamble in the second type of pilot is another m-sequence of length 7: [1 0 1 1 0 1 1];

[0192] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have the same sequence type and sequence length, but the sequence itself (i.e. the sequence content) is different.

[0193] 2.5.3 The sequence content of the postcode in the first type of pilot is different from that in the second type of pilot.

[0194] For example, the back preamble in the first type of pilot is a golay sequence of length 32: [1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1];

[0195] The back preamble in the second type of pilot is another golay sequence of length 32: [1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1];

[0196] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have the same sequence type and sequence length of the back preamble, but the sequence itself (i.e. the sequence content) is different.

[0197] The intermediate preamble in the first type of pilot has different distribution characteristics than the intermediate preamble in the second type of pilot, and may include at least one of the following 2.6.1-2.6.2:

[0198] 2.6.1 The number of intermediate codes in the first type of pilot is N1, and the number of intermediate codes in the second type of pilot is N2.

[0199] Here, N1≥0, N2≥0, and N1≠N2.

[0200] 2.6.2 When N1≥1 and N2≥1, the insertion position of the middle preamble in the first type of pilot is: The insertion position of the middle preamp in the second type of pilot is: And there exists P 1,i ≠P 2,j .

[0201] Here, P 1,i This indicates that the i-th middle guide in the first type of pilot is inserted into the P-th data sequence. 1,i After 1 bit, and i ≤ N1, P 2,i This indicates that the j-th middle precode in the second type of pilot is inserted into the P-th data sequence. 2,i After 1 bit, and j≤N2.

[0202] In some embodiments, the preamble in the pilot used by the first node in generating the first signal satisfies the following characteristics (sequence content, sequence type, sequence length).

[0203] In some embodiments, the sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 3.1-3.4:

[0204] 3.1. Pre-defined sequence content.

[0205] For example, the sequence content of the preamble can be determined by a predefined method and is known to both the transmitting and receiving ends. For instance, the first node can predefine the sequence content of its preamble and keep it fixed.

[0206] 3.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0207] For example, the first node may be pre-configured with a sequence of multiple optional preambles, and the second node may send signaling to indicate one of them (such as the uplink pilot information in the uplink transmission parameters).

[0208] 3.3 Device identifier of the first node.

[0209] For example, the first node may be pre-configured with a sequence of multiple optional preambles, and one of them may be determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0210] For example, the second node may send signaling to indicate the sequence content of multiple optional preambles (such as uplink pilot information determined in uplink transmission parameters), from which one is determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0211] 3.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0212] For example, the first node may be pre-configured with a sequence of multiple optional preambles, and one of them may be determined by the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or by the index of the first frequency domain resource in the set of frequency domain transmission resources.

[0213] For example, the second node can send signaling to indicate the sequence content of multiple optional preambles and the association between the multiple preambles and multiple frequency domain resources (such as determined by uplink transmission parameters). Then, the first node can determine one of the multiple optional preambles from the sequence content of the first frequency domain resource or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0214] In some embodiments, the sequence type of the preamble in the pilot code sequence includes, but is not limited to: M sequence, Gray sequence, Golay sequence, PN sequence, RS sequence, and Barker sequence, and the sequence type of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 4.1-4.4:

[0215] 4.1 Predefined sequence types.

[0216] 4.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0217] 4.3 Device identifier of the first node.

[0218] 4.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0219] It should be noted that for the introduction of the sequence type of the preamble in the pilot code sequence in sections 4.1-4.4, please refer to the description of the sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence in sections 3.1-3.4 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0220] In some embodiments, the sequence length of the preamble in the pilot code sequence can be any of the following lengths: 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, and the sequence length of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 5.1-5.11:

[0221] 5.1 Preset sequence length.

[0222] 5.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0223] 5.3 Equipment identification of the first node.

[0224] 5.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0225] 5.5 Transport block size in transport block information.

[0226] For example, when TBS is less than the length of the third information, the sequence length of the preamble is the length of the first preamble;

[0227] When TBS is greater than or equal to the third information length, the sequence length of the preamble is the second preamble length.

[0228] Here, the length of the third information can be the same as or different from the lengths of the first and second information.

[0229] 5.6. The bitrate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information.

[0230] For example, when the code rate of the error correction code is greater than the code rate of the first error correction code, the sequence length of the preamble is the length of the first preamble.

[0231] When the code rate of the error correction code is less than or equal to the code rate of the first error correction code, the sequence length of the preamble is the length of the second preamble.

[0232] In other words, the lower the code rate of the error correction coding, the longer the duration of data transmission, and the longer the channel and SFO / CFO cumulative effects will be experienced. Therefore, a longer preamble is used to improve the performance of channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation.

[0233] 5.7. Device type of the first node.

[0234] For example, when the first node is a first type of node, the sequence length of the preamble is the length of the first preamble;

[0235] When the first node is a second type node, the sequence length of the preamble is the second preamble length.

[0236] 5.8. Bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth.

[0237] For example, when the transmission bandwidth of the first node is greater than the first bandwidth, the sequence length of the preamble is the first preamble length;

[0238] When the transmission bandwidth is less than or equal to the first bandwidth, the sequence length of the preamble is the second preamble length.

[0239] In other words, with the same number of data bits to be transmitted, the smaller the transmission bandwidth, the longer the transmission time per bit, and the longer the total duration of data transmission. This will result in a longer channel and SFO / CFO cumulative effects. Therefore, a longer preamble is used to improve the performance of channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation.

[0240] 5.9 Data rate information indicates the data rate.

[0241] For example, when the data rate of the first node is greater than the first data rate, the sequence length of the preamble is the first preamble length;

[0242] When the data rate is less than or equal to the first data rate, the preamble sequence length is the second preamble length.

[0243] In other words, with the same number of data bits to be transmitted, the lower the data rate, the longer the total duration of data transmission, and the longer the channel and SFO / CFO cumulative effects will be experienced. Therefore, a longer preamble is used to improve the performance of channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation.

[0244] 5.10. Bit duration information indicates the duration of the bit.

[0245] For example, when the bit duration of the first node is less than the first bit duration, the sequence length of the preamble is the first preamble length;

[0246] When the bit duration is greater than or equal to the first bit duration, the length of the preamble sequence is the second preamble length.

[0247] In other words, the longer the bit duration, the longer the total duration of data transmission, and the longer the channel and SFO / CFO cumulative effects will be experienced. Therefore, a longer preamble is used to improve the performance of channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation.

[0248] 5.11 Frequency points indicated by frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information.

[0249] For example, when the transmission frequency of the first node is less than the first frequency, the sequence length of the preamble is the first preamble length;

[0250] When the transmission frequency of the first node is greater than or equal to the first frequency, the sequence length of the preamble is the second preamble length.

[0251] In other words, the higher the transmission frequency, the more susceptible it is to harmonic interference from lower transmission frequencies. Therefore, a longer preamble is used to improve channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation performance.

[0252] It should be noted that the description of determining the sequence length of the preamble in the pilot code sequence in sections 5.1-5.4 can be found in the description of determining the sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence in sections 3.1-3.4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0253] Furthermore, the second preamble length is greater than the first preamble length, and the first preamble length, the second preamble length, the third information length, the first error correction coding rate, the first bandwidth, the first data rate, the first bit duration, and the first frequency point can be determined by a preset method, or by the device type of the first node, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by uplink transmission parameters).

[0254] In some embodiments, the postcode in the pilot used by the first node in the process of generating the first signal satisfies the following characteristics (existence, sequence content, sequence type, sequence length).

[0255] In some embodiments, the presence of a post-leader in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 6.1-6.4:

[0256] 6.1. Pre-defined existence or non-existence status.

[0257] For example, the first node can determine whether a postcode is required in the pilot code sequence in a pre-defined manner, and this is known to both the transmitting and receiving ends.

[0258] 6.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0259] For example, the second node may send signaling to indicate whether the pilot code sequence in the uplink transmission of the first node contains a post-capture (as determined by the uplink pilot information in the uplink transmission parameters).

[0260] 6.3. Device type of the first node.

[0261] For example, when the first node is a first-class node, its pilot code sequence may not contain a postamble;

[0262] When the first node is a type II node, its pilot can contain a postamble.

[0263] 6.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0264] For example, the second node may send signaling to indicate whether the uplink transmission in the frequency domain transmission resource contains a postamble, and the first node may determine whether its uplink transmission key pilot code sequence contains a postamble based on the first frequency domain resource used or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0265] In some embodiments, the sequence content of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 7.1-7.5:

[0266] 7.1 Pre-set sequence content.

[0267] 7.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0268] 7.3 Equipment identification of the first node.

[0269] 7.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0270] 7.5 Preamble in pilot code sequence.

[0271] For example, the sequence content of the postcode in the pilot code sequence can be the same as the sequence content of the precode.

[0272] For example, the sequence content of the postcode in the pilot code sequence can be determined by the sequence content of the precode.

[0273] For example, the first node can pre-configure multiple preamble and postamble sequence content combinations, with each preamble sequence associated with a postamble sequence. Then, the first node can determine the sequence content of its postamble based on its preamble sequence and the association between preamble and postamble.

[0274] If each preamble is associated with a postamble, but the uplink transmission of the first node does not require a postamble, then no postamble is inserted. That is, whether or not a postamble is used is irrelevant to whether a postamble is indicated.

[0275] It should be noted that the description of determining the sequence content of the post-capital code in the pilot code sequence in sections 7.1-7.4 can be found in the description of determining the sequence content of the pre-capital code in the pilot code sequence in sections 3.1-3.4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0276] In some embodiments, the sequence type of the postcode in the pilot code sequence includes, but is not limited to: M sequence, Gray sequence, Golay sequence, PN sequence, RS sequence, and Barker sequence, and the sequence type of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 8.1-8.5:

[0277] 8.1 Predefined sequence types.

[0278] 8.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0279] 8.3 Device Identifier for the First Node.

[0280] 8.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0281] 8.5 Preamble in pilot code sequence.

[0282] It should be noted that for the introduction of the sequence type of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in sections 8.1-8.5, please refer to the description of the sequence content of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in sections 7.1-7.5 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0283] In some embodiments, the sequence length of the postcode in the pilot code sequence can be any of the following lengths: 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128, and the sequence length of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 9.1-9.13:

[0284] 9.1. Preset sequence length.

[0285] 9.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0286] 9.3 Equipment identification of the first node.

[0287] 9.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0288] 9.5. Preamble in pilot code sequence.

[0289] For example, the length of the postamble is less than the length of the preamble. For instance, the length of the preamble is N times the length of the postamble (e.g., 2, 3, 4).

[0290] Alternatively, for the description of determining the sequence length of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in 9.5, please refer to the description of determining the sequence content of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in 7.5 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0291] 9.6. The presence of the middle guide in the pilot code sequence.

[0292] For example, when the pilot of the first node contains a middle preamble, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble;

[0293] When the pilot of the first node does not contain the middle preamble, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0294] In other words, when there is no midamble in the pilot, a longer postamble can enhance the channel estimation and SFO / CFO estimation performance, making up for the impact of not having a midamble.

[0295] 9.7 Transport block size in transport block information.

[0296] For example, when TBS is less than the length of the fourth information, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble;

[0297] When TBS is greater than or equal to the fourth information length, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0298] Here, the length of the fourth piece of information can be the same as or different from the length of the first, second, or third piece of information.

[0299] 9.8. The bitrate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information.

[0300] For example, when the code rate of the error correction code is greater than the code rate of the second error correction code, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble.

[0301] When the code rate of the error correction code is less than or equal to the code rate of the second error correction code, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the second postamble.

[0302] Here, the second error correction coding rate can be the same as or different from the first error correction coding rate.

[0303] 9.9. Device type of the first node.

[0304] For example, when the first node is a first type of node, the sequence length of the postamble is the first postamble length;

[0305] When the first node is a second type of node, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0306] 9.10. Bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth.

[0307] For example, when the transmission bandwidth of the first node is greater than the second bandwidth, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble;

[0308] When the transmission bandwidth is less than or equal to the second bandwidth, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0309] Here, the second bandwidth can be the same as or different from the first bandwidth.

[0310] 9.11. Data rate information indicates the data rate.

[0311] For example, when the data rate of the first node is greater than the second data rate, the sequence length of the postamble is the first postamble length;

[0312] When the data rate is less than or equal to the second data rate, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0313] Here, the second data rate may be the same as or different from the first data rate.

[0314] 9.12. Bit duration information indicates the duration of the bit.

[0315] For example, when the bit duration of the first node is less than the bit duration of the second node, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble.

[0316] When the bit duration is greater than or equal to the second bit duration, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0317] Here, the second bit duration can be the same as or different from the first bit duration.

[0318] 9.13. Frequency points indicated by frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information.

[0319] For example, when the transmission frequency of the first node is less than the second frequency, the sequence length of the postamble is the length of the first postamble;

[0320] When the transmission frequency of the first node is greater than or equal to the second frequency, the sequence length of the postamble is the second postamble length.

[0321] Here, the second frequency point can be the same as or different from the first frequency point.

[0322] It should be noted that the description of determining the sequence length of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in sections 9.1-9.4 can be found in the description of determining the sequence content of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence in sections 7.1-7.4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0323] Furthermore, the second postamble length is greater than the first postamble length, and the first postamble length, second postamble length, fourth information length, second error correction coding rate, second bandwidth, second data rate, second bit duration, and second frequency point can be determined by a preset method, by the device type of the first node, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by uplink transmission parameters). Here, the first postamble length can be 0 or greater than 0. When the first postamble length is 0, it indicates that the pilot code in the uplink transmission of the first node does not contain a postamble.

[0324] In some embodiments, the pilot code used by the first node in generating the first signal satisfies the following characteristics (existence, sequence content, sequence type, sequence length).

[0325] In some embodiments, the presence of the middle preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following 10.1-10.4:

[0326] 10.1. Pre-defined existence or non-existence status.

[0327] 10.2 Uplink pilot information.

[0328] 10.3. Device type of the first node.

[0329] 10.4 The index of the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0330] It should be noted that the description of determining the presence of the middle guide in the pilot code sequence in sections 10.1-10.4 can be found in the description of determining the presence of the last guide in the pilot code sequence in sections 6.1-6.4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0331] In some embodiments, the intermediate pilot code in the pilot code sequence may have sequence attributes and distribution attributes. The sequence attributes are used to indicate at least one of the sequence content, sequence type, and sequence length of the intermediate pilot code; the distribution attributes are used to indicate the number of intermediate pilot codes and / or the insertion position of the intermediate pilot codes in the data sequence.

[0332] Here, the sequence property can be determined by at least one of the following conditions 11.1-11.13:

[0333] 11.1 is preset.

[0334] 11.2 is determined based on the uplink pilot information.

[0335] 11.3 is determined based on the device identifier of the first node.

[0336] 11.4 is determined based on the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0337] 11.5 is determined based on the preamble and / or postamble in the pilot code sequence.

[0338] For example, a midamble is the same as a preamble (including at least one of sequence content, sequence length, and sequence type); or a midamble is the same as a postamble (including at least one of sequence content, sequence length, and sequence type).

[0339] For example, the sequence type of the midamble is the same as that of the preamble and / or postamble, and the sequence length of the midamble is determined by the sequence length of the preamble and / or postamble.

[0340] For example, the sequence length of a midamble is the same as the sequence length of a preamble.

[0341] For example, the sequence length of a midamble is the same as that of a postamble.

[0342] For example, the sequence length of a midamble is less than the sequence length of a preamble, and the sequence length of a preamble is 2 or 4 times the sequence length of a postamble.

[0343] For example, the sequence length of a midamble is less than the sequence length of a postamble, and the sequence length of a postamble is twice the sequence length of a midamble.

[0344] For example, the sequence length of a midamble is greater than that of a postamble.

[0345] For example, when the pilot of the first node contains A midambles, the total length of the A midambles is less than or equal to the sequence length of the preamble.

[0346] For example, the first node can be pre-configured with multiple preamble and / or postamble sequence content combinations with midamble, each preamble and / or postamble associated with a midamble, so the first node can determine the sequence content of its midamble based on its preamble and / or postamble sequence and the association between preamble and / or postamble and midamble;

[0347] Alternatively, the first node can pre-configure multiple optional sequence types / length combinations of preamble and / or postamble with midamble. Each preamble and / or postamble sequence type / length is associated with a midamble sequence type / length. Then, the first node can determine the sequence type / length of its midamble based on the sequence type / length of its preamble and / or postamble and the association between the preamble and / or postamble and the midamble.

[0348] If each preamble and / or postamble is associated with a midamble, or if the sequence type / length of each preamble and / or postamble is associated with a midamble sequence type / length, but the uplink transmission of the first node does not require a midamble, then no midamble is inserted. In other words, the use of a midamble is independent of whether it indicates a midamble sequence content / sequence type / length.

[0349] 11.6 is determined based on the presence of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence.

[0350] For example, when the pilot of the first node contains a post-prefix, the sequence length of the middle prefix is ​​the length of the first midamble;

[0351] When the pilot of the first node does not contain the middle preamble, the sequence length of the post preamble is the length of the second midamble.

[0352] 11.7 is determined based on the transport block size in the transport block information.

[0353] For example, when TBS is less than the length of the fifth information, the sequence length of the middle preamble is the length of the first midamble;

[0354] When TBS is greater than or equal to the length of the fifth information, the sequence length of the middle guide is the length of the second midamble.

[0355] Here, the length of the fifth piece of information can be the same as or different from the length of the first, second, third, or fourth pieces of information.

[0356] 11.8 is determined based on the bitrate of the error correction coding in the error correction coding information.

[0357] For example, when the code rate of the error correction code is greater than the code rate of the third error correction code, the sequence length of the intro code is the length of the first midamble;

[0358] When the error correction code rate is less than or equal to the third error correction code rate, the sequence length of the introductory code is the second midamble length.

[0359] Here, the third error correction coding rate can be the same as or different from the first / second error correction coding rate.

[0360] 11.9 is determined based on the device type of the first node.

[0361] For example, when the first node is a first type of node, the sequence length of the inductor is the length of the first midamble;

[0362] When the first node is a second type node, the sequence length of the inductor is the second midamble length.

[0363] 11.10 is determined based on the transmission bandwidth indicated by the bandwidth information.

[0364] For example, when the transmission bandwidth of the first node is greater than the third bandwidth, the sequence length of the inductor is the length of the first midamble;

[0365] When the transmission bandwidth is less than or equal to the third bandwidth, the sequence length of the midcode is the second midamble length.

[0366] Here, the third bandwidth can be the same as or different from the first / second bandwidth.

[0367] 11.11 is determined based on the data rate indicated by the data rate information.

[0368] For example, when the data rate of the first node is greater than the data rate of the third node, the sequence length of the middle preamble is the length of the first midamble;

[0369] When the data rate is less than or equal to the third data rate, the sequence length of the middle preamble is the second midamble length.

[0370] Here, the third data rate can be the same as or different from the first / second data rate.

[0371] 11.12 is determined based on the bit duration indicated by the bit duration information.

[0372] For example, when the bit duration of the first node is less than the bit duration of the third node, the sequence length of the middle preamble is the length of the first midamble;

[0373] When the bit duration is greater than or equal to the third bit duration, the sequence length of the middle preamble is the second midamble length.

[0374] Here, the duration of the third bit can be the same as or different from the duration of the first / second bit.

[0375] 11.13 is determined based on the frequency points indicated by frequency domain position information / frequency domain offset information.

[0376] For example, when the transmission frequency of the first node is less than the third frequency, the sequence length of the mid-code is the length of the first midamble;

[0377] When the transmission frequency of the first node is greater than or equal to the third frequency, the sequence length of the mid-guide is the second midamble length.

[0378] Here, the third frequency point can be the same as or different from the first / second frequency point.

[0379] It should be noted that the description of the sequence attributes of the middle code in the pilot code sequence in sections 11.1-11.4 can be found in the description of the sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence in sections 3.1-3.4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0380] Furthermore, the second midamble length is greater than the first midamble length, and the first midamble length, the second midamble length, the fifth information length, the third error correction coding rate, the third bandwidth, the third data rate, the third bit duration, and the third frequency point can be determined by a preset method, or by the device type of the first node, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by the uplink transmission parameters).

[0381] Similarly, the distribution properties can be determined by at least one of the following conditions 12.1-12.13:

[0382] 12.1 is preset.

[0383] For example, the first node can be pre-set to have a fixed number of midambles of 1 and an insertion position fixed to the middle of the data sequence to be transmitted;

[0384] For example, the first node can pre-set the number of midambles to A, and the A midambles are evenly distributed in the middle of the data sequence to be sent.

[0385] For example, the first node can be pre-programmed to insert a midamble after every Y bits in the data sequence to be sent. The number of midasets can be determined based on their insertion positions and the length of the data sequence to be sent. For instance, Y can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 100.

[0386] For example, the first node can pre-define the insertion position set {P} = {P1, P2, ...}, and insert a midamble after the P1, P2, ... bits of the data sequence to be sent.

[0387] 12.2 is determined based on the uplink pilot information.

[0388] For example, multiple sequence numbers {A} and / or insertion positions {P} and / or insertion intervals {Y} of the midamble are preset, and one of them is indicated by signaling sent by the second node (as determined by uplink pilot information in the uplink transmission parameters).

[0389] 12.3 is determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0390] For example, the first node may pre-configure multiple sequence numbers {A} and / or insertion positions {P} and / or insertion intervals {Y} of the midamble, and one of them may be determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0391] For example, the second node may send signaling to indicate multiple sequence numbers {A} and / or insertion positions {P} and / or insertion intervals {Y} of the midamble (as determined by uplink pilot information in the uplink transmission parameters), and one of them may be determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0392] 12.4 is determined based on the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0393] For example, the first node may pre-configure multiple sequence numbers {A} and / or insertion positions {P} and / or insertion intervals {Y} of the midamble, and one of these is determined by the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the set of frequency domain transmission resources.

[0394] For example, the second node may send signaling indicating the number of sequences {A} and / or insertion position {P} and / or insertion interval {Y} of the midamble and their association with multiple frequency domain resources (as determined by uplink transmission parameters), and determine one of them from the device identifier of the first node. The first node may then determine one from the sequence content of multiple optional preambles based on the first frequency domain resource used or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the set of frequency domain transmission resources.

[0395] 12.5 is determined based on the preamble and / or postamble in the pilot code sequence.

[0396] For example, when the sequence length of the current precode and / or the postcode is less than the first length, the number of sequences of the middle precode is the number of the first midamble;

[0397] When the sequence length of the current precode and / or the postcode is greater than or equal to the first length, the number of sequences of the middle precode is the number of the second midamble.

[0398] 12.6 is determined based on the presence of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence.

[0399] For example, when a postcode is present, the number of sequences of the middle code is the number of the first midamble;

[0400] When there is no back preamble, the number of sequences of the middle preamble is the number of the second midamble.

[0401] 12.7 is determined based on the transport block size in the transport block information.

[0402] For example, when TBS is less than the length of the sixth information, the number of sequences in the middle preamble is the number of the first midamble;

[0403] When TBS is greater than or equal to the sixth information length, the number of sequences in the middle guide is the number of the second midamble.

[0404] Here, the length of the sixth piece of information can be the same as or different from the length of the first / second / third / fourth / fifth pieces of information.

[0405] 12.8 is determined based on the code rate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information.

[0406] For example, when the code rate of the error correction code is greater than the code rate of the fourth error correction code, the number of sequences of the introductory code is the number of the first midamble;

[0407] When the error correction code rate is less than or equal to the fourth error correction code rate, the number of intermediate codes is the number of the second midamble.

[0408] Here, the fourth error correction code rate can be the same as or different from the first / second / third error correction code rate.

[0409] 12.9 is determined based on the device type of the first node.

[0410] For example, when the first node is a first type of node, the number of sequences of the introcode is the number of the first midamble;

[0411] When the first node is a second type node, the number of sequences of the inductor is equal to the number of the second midamble.

[0412] 12.10 is determined based on the transmission bandwidth indicated by the bandwidth information.

[0413] For example, when the transmission bandwidth of the first node is greater than the fourth bandwidth, the number of sequences of the introcode is the number of the first midamble;

[0414] When the transmission bandwidth is less than or equal to the fourth bandwidth, the number of sequences of the intermediate code is the number of the second midamble.

[0415] Here, the fourth bandwidth can be the same as or different from the first / second / third bandwidth.

[0416] 12.11 is determined based on the data rate indicated by the data rate information.

[0417] For example, when the data rate of the first node is greater than the fourth data rate, the number of sequences of the middle preamble is the number of the first midamble;

[0418] When the data rate is less than or equal to the fourth data rate, the number of sequences in the intermediate code is the number of the second midamble.

[0419] Here, the fourth data rate may be the same as or different from the first / second / third data rate.

[0420] 12.12 is determined based on the bit duration indicated by the bit duration information.

[0421] For example, when the bit duration of the first node is less than the bit duration of the fourth node, the number of sequences in the middle preamble is the number of the first midamble;

[0422] When the bit duration is greater than or equal to the fourth bit duration, the number of sequences in the middle preamble is the number of the second midamble.

[0423] Here, the fourth bit duration can be the same as or different from the first / second / third bit duration.

[0424] 12.13 is determined based on the frequency points indicated by frequency domain location information / frequency domain offset information.

[0425] For example, when the transmission frequency of the first node is less than the fourth frequency, the number of sequences of the middle preamble is the number of the first midamble;

[0426] When the transmission frequency of the first node is greater than or equal to the fourth frequency, the number of intermediate code sequences is equal to the number of the second midamble.

[0427] Here, the fourth frequency point can be the same as or different from the first / second / third frequency point.

[0428] Furthermore, the number of the second midamble is greater than the number of the first midamble, and the number of the first midamble, the number of the second midamble, the first length, the sixth information length, the fourth error correction coding rate, the fourth bandwidth, the fourth data rate, the fourth bit duration, and the fourth frequency point can be determined by a preset method, or by the device type of the first node, or by the signaling sent by the second node (such as by the uplink transmission parameters).

[0429] Understandably, transmitting pilot signals during uplink signal transmission to support synchronization and channel estimation between nodes improves communication quality. Furthermore, by limiting the parameters of pilot transmission during uplink, the impact of pilot collisions between different frequency domain resources can be reduced, thereby improving multiple access transmission performance.

[0430] This disclosure also provides a communication method applied to a second node, as shown in FIG7. The communication method may include S701 and S702.

[0431] In S701, the first signaling is sent.

[0432] In some embodiments, the second node may broadcast the first signaling message to all first nodes.

[0433] In some embodiments, the second node may send the first signaling to some of the first nodes by paging or querying.

[0434] As another possible implementation, the second node can send the first signaling to a first node by querying the response.

[0435] It should be noted that the description of the first signaling can be found in the above S301, and will not be repeated here.

[0436] In S702, a first signal sent by one or more first nodes is received.

[0437] It should be noted that for an introduction to the first signal sent by a first node, please refer to the description in S302 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0438] In some embodiments, the first signals transmitted by one or more first nodes are aliased in the time domain and frequency-division multiple accessed in the frequency domain, and the first signals in different frequency bands have different pilot signals, or there are first signals in some different frequency bands that have different pilot signals.

[0439] In some embodiments, after the second node receives one or more first signals sent by the first node (i.e., S702), the second node can filter all first signaling based on the uplink transmission parameters indicated by the first signaling, separating all first signals of frequency division multiple access into first signals of each frequency band. Then, based on the uplink transmission parameters, the second node can detect and estimate the pilot signals, synchronization, and channel in the first signals of each frequency band, and based on the uplink transmission parameters, the results of synchronization estimation, and the results of channel estimation, detect the data sequence in the first signals of each frequency band to obtain a complete and accurate data sequence.

[0440] In some embodiments, the pilots used by multiple first nodes in FDM transmission may be different. That is, when the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain position information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, at least one of the preamble, introductory code, and postamble among the multiple first signals mapped on the multiple frequency domain resources may be the same or different.

[0441] In other words, when there is more than one transmission resource in the transmission resource set, the preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble of the first signal mapped on different transmission resources can be the same or different.

[0442] For example, a first signaling instruction, which may be pre-configured or sent by a second node, indicates that all transport resources in the transport resource set correspond to the same preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble.

[0443] For example, all frequency domain locations / frequency domain offsets in the frequency domain transfer resource set correspond to the same preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble.

[0444] For example, a first signaling, which may be pre-configured or sent by a second node, indicates a combination of multiple transport resources with preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble, each transport resource being associated with a preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble.

[0445] For example, multiple combinations of frequency domain positions / offsets with preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble are pre-configured, with each frequency domain position / offset associated with a preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble.

[0446] In some embodiments, the preamble, intermezzo, and postamble of the plurality of first signals mapped onto the plurality of transmission resources (taking frequency domain resources as an example) can satisfy at least one of the following 13.1-13.12:

[0447] 13.1 The combination of the preamble, intermediate preamble, and postamble in the pilots of multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same.

[0448] For example, the pilots of all frequency domain resources contain only preambles;

[0449] For example, the pilots of all frequency domain resources only contain preamble and postamble;

[0450] For example, the pilots of all frequency domain resources simultaneously contain preamble, midamble, and postamble.

[0451] 13.2 There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources that have different combinations of preamble, intermediate preamble, and postamble in their pilots.

[0452] For example, the pilots of some frequency domain resources contain only preamble, while the pilots of other frequency domain resources contain preamble and postamble, or contain preamble, midamble and postamble at the same time.

[0453] For example, some frequency domain resources have pilots that contain only preamble, while others have pilots that contain both preamble and postamble, and still others have pilots that contain preamble, midamble, and postamble.

[0454] For example, some frequency domain resources have pilots that only contain preamble and postamble, while the pilots of other frequency domain resources contain preamble, midamble, and postamble.

[0455] 13.3. At least one of the sequence types of the preamble, the sequence type of the intermediate cipher, and the sequence type of the postamble in the pilots of the multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same.

[0456] For example, the sequence types of the preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble for all frequency domain resources are the same.

[0457] 13.4. There exist multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource where at least one of the sequence types of the preamble, the intermediate cipher, and the postamble in the pilot is different.

[0458] For example, there are preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble sequences of different types in some frequency domain resources.

[0459] For example, the sequence type of the preamble for some frequency domain resources is an m-sequence; while the sequence type of the preamble for the remaining frequency domain resources is a golay sequence.

[0460] Or / and, the sequence type of the postamble of some frequency domain resources is an m sequence, the sequence type of the postamble of some frequency domain resources is a barker sequence, and the sequence type of the postamble of other frequency domain resources is a gold sequence;

[0461] Alternatively / in addition, the sequence type of the midamble for some frequency domain resources is a golay sequence, while the sequence type of the midamble for the remaining frequency domain resources is a PN sequence.

[0462] For example, the sequence type of the preamble for some frequency domain resources is a barker sequence, the sequence type of the preamble for some frequency domain resources is an m sequence, and the sequence type of the preamble for some frequency domain resources is an RS sequence.

[0463] Or / and, the sequence type of the postamble for some frequency domain resources is a barker sequence, and the sequence type of the postamble for the remaining frequency domain resources is an m-sequence;

[0464] Alternatively / in addition, the sequence type of the midamble of some frequency domain resources is an m-sequence, the sequence type of the midamble of some frequency domain resources is a barker sequence, and the sequence type of the midamble of some frequency domain resources is a golay sequence.

[0465] 13.5. At least one of the sequence lengths of the preamble, the intermediate cipher, and the postamble in the pilots of the multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same.

[0466] Here, the sequence length of the preamble can be at least one of the following: 32, 48, 64, 96, 128.

[0467] The sequence length of a postamble can be at least one of the following: 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128.

[0468] The sequence length of a midamble can be at least one of the following: 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64.

[0469] Furthermore, the lengths of the preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble for all frequency domain resources are the same.

[0470] 13.6. There exist multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource where at least one of the sequence lengths of the preamble, the intermediate cipher, and the postamble in the pilot is different.

[0471] For example, there are some frequency domain resources whose preamble and / or midamble and / or postamble lengths are not the same.

[0472] For example, the preamble length of some frequency domain resources can be 16, while the preamble length of other frequency domain resources can be 32.

[0473] Or / and, the postamble length of some frequency domain resources is 64, the postamble length of some frequency domain resources is 32, and the postamble length of other frequency domain resources is 48.

[0474] Alternatively / in addition, the midamble length of some frequency domain resources is 16, while the midamble length of the remaining frequency domain resources is 8.

[0475] For example, the length of the preamble for some frequency domain resources can be 32, the length of the preamble for some frequency domain resources can be 48, and the length of the preamble for some frequency domain resources can be 96.

[0476] Or / and, the postamble length of some frequency domain resources is 64, and the postamble length of the remaining frequency domain resources is 96;

[0477] Alternatively / in addition, the midamble length of some frequency domain resources is 24, the midamble length of some frequency domain resources is 16, and the midamble length of some frequency domain resources is 32.

[0478] 13.7. At least one of the sequence contents of the preamble, the sequence contents of the introductory code, and the sequence contents of the postamble code in the pilots of multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same.

[0479] Here, if the sequence type and sequence length of the preamble / midamble / postamble are the same, the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble can be the same.

[0480] For example, the preamble / midamble / postamble sequences of all frequency domain resources are the same 16-length barker sequence: [-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1];

[0481] For example, the preamble / midamble / postamble sequences of all frequency domain resources are the same 15-length m-sequence: [1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1].

[0482] 13.8. At least one of the sequence contents of the preamble, the sequence contents of the intermediate cipher, and the sequence contents of the postamble in the pilots of multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource is different.

[0483] Here, when the sequence type and / or sequence length of the preamble / midamble / postamble are different, the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble is also different;

[0484] Even if the sequence type and sequence length of a preamble, midamble, and postamble are the same, the sequence content of the preamble, midamble, and postamble can still be different.

[0485] For example, the preamble / midamble / postamble sequence contents in the pilots of some frequency domain resources are different.

[0486] For example, sequence A is a 16-length barker sequence: [-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1], and sequence B is another 16-length barker sequence: [-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1]. Sequences A and B have the same sequence type and length, but the sequences themselves (i.e., their content) are different.

[0487] For example, sequence A is a 32-length Golay sequence: [1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1]. Sequence B is another 32-length Golay sequence: [1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1]. Sequences A and B have the same sequence type and length, but the sequences themselves are different.

[0488] For example, the preamble / midamble / postamble mapped on the frequency domain resources can be a type of fixed-length random sequence (such as an m-sequence or a gold sequence), which can generate different sequences based on different random seeds.

[0489] Here, the random seed can be determined by the device identifier of the first node / the frequency domain resources used by the first node / the index of the frequency domain resources used by the first node in the set of frequency domain transmission resources; or it can be determined by the device identifier of the first node / the frequency domain resources used by the first node / the index of the frequency domain resources used by the first node in the set of frequency domain transmission resources from the set of optional random seeds.

[0490] The optional random seed set can be indicated by signaling sent by the second node (such as the first signaling) or determined by a pre-configured method.

[0491] For example, the preamble / midamble / postamble sequence content in the pilot of one frequency domain resource may have an inverse relationship with the preamble / midamble / postamble sequence content in the pilot of another frequency domain resource.

[0492] Under OOK modulation, sequences A and B have an inverse relationship such that B(find(A==1))=0 and A(find(B=0))=1, that is, sequence B takes the value 1 at the position where the value is 0 in sequence A, and sequence B takes the value 0 at the position where the value is 1 in sequence A.

[0493] For example, the sequence [0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1] is the sequence with the opposite relationship to the sequence [1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0].

[0494] Under BPSK modulation, sequences A and B have an inverse relationship such that B(find(A==1))=-1 and A(find(B=-1))=1, that is, sequence B takes the value 1 at the position where the value is -1 in sequence A, and sequence B takes the value -1 at the position where the value is 1 in sequence A.

[0495] For example, the sequence that has the opposite relationship to the sequence [-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1] is [1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1].

[0496] For example, the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble in the pilot of one frequency domain resource can be orthogonal to the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble in the pilot of another frequency domain resource, i.e., the cross-correlation is 0.

[0497] In some embodiments, the second node may pre-configure an orthogonal sequence set for the first node. The sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble with orthogonal relationship can be randomly selected from the orthogonal sequence set, or it can be determined by a pre-configured method, or it can be determined by the second node sending signaling (such as the first signaling), or it can be determined by the frequency domain resources used by the first node / the index of the frequency domain resources used by the first node in the frequency domain transmission resource set, or it can be determined by the device identifier of the first node.

[0498] For example, a set of orthogonal sequences of length 16 can be: {

[0499] [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1];

[0500] [1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1];

[0501] [1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1];

[0502] [1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1]};

[0503] It can also be: {

[0504] [1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];

[0505] [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0];

[0506] [0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0];

[0507] [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1]} etc.

[0508] For example, a set of orthogonal sequences of length 32 can be: {

[0509] [1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1];

[0510] [-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1];

[0511] [-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1];

[0512] [1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1]}.

[0513] For example, the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble in the pilot of one frequency domain resource can also be a cyclic shift of the sequence content of the preamble / midamble / postamble in the pilot of another frequency domain resource.

[0514] For example, if sequence A is [-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1], and other sequences are cyclic shifts of sequence A, then other sequences can be sequences after cyclically shifting sequence A (by default, to the left / right) by different numbers.

[0515] For example, sequence A can be circularly shifted 1 bit to the left to obtain sequence B: [-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1];

[0516] For example, sequence A can be circularly shifted 4 bits to the left to obtain sequence C: [-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1].

[0517] Here, the number of cyclic shift bits for sequences B, C, ... can be determined by the signaling sent by the second node (such as the first signaling), or by the frequency domain resources used by the first node / the index of the frequency domain resources used by the first node in the frequency domain transmission resource set, or by a pre-configured method.

[0518] 13.9 The number of intermediate codes in multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same.

[0519] 13.10. There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources with different numbers of intermediate codes.

[0520] For example, the number of midambles for some frequency domain resources is N1, and the number of midambles for other frequency domain resources is N2.

[0521] Here, N1≥0, N2≥0, and N1≠N2.

[0522] 13.11. The insertion positions of the intermediate codes in multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources are the same.

[0523] 13.12. There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources with different insertion positions of the intermediate code.

[0524] The number of midambles in one portion of the frequency domain resources is N1, and the number of midambles in the other portion of the frequency domain resources is N2. When N1≥1 and N2≥1, the insertion positions of the N1 midambles in the other portion of the frequency domain resources are: The insertion positions of the N2 midambles in the other part of the frequency domain resources are as follows: And there exists P 1,i ≠P 2,j .

[0525] Here, P 1,i This indicates that the i-th midamble of a portion of the frequency domain resource is inserted into the P-th data sequence. 1,i After 1 bit, and i ≤ N1; P 2,j This indicates that the j-th midamble of the additional frequency domain resources is inserted into the P-th data sequence. 2，j After 1 bit, and j≤N2.

[0526] It is understandable that in the uplink multiple access transmission of passive IoT, by taking into account the low power consumption characteristics of the reference device and the interference between the transmission signals of multiple devices, and in order to ensure sufficient signal strength and quality, different pilot parameters are configured for each device to achieve accurate synchronization and channel estimation.

[0527] The following describes the communication method provided in the above embodiment, taking the interaction between the first node and the second node as an example, as shown in Figure 8, including: S801-S804.

[0528] In S801, the second node sends the first signaling.

[0529] In S802, the first node receives the first signaling sent by the second node.

[0530] Here, the first signaling is used to determine the uplink transmission parameters for transmitting the pilot during uplink transmission.

[0531] It should be noted that there are multiple first nodes, meaning that each first node can receive the first signaling sent by the second node, and each first node can execute the following S803.

[0532] In S803, the first node sends a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling.

[0533] Here, each first node can send a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling.

[0534] In S804, the second node receives the first signal sent by the first node.

[0535] It is understood that, in order to achieve the above-mentioned functions, the communication device includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the algorithmic steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0536] This disclosure embodiment can divide the communication device into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or software. It should be noted that the module division in this disclosure embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following description uses the example of dividing each functional module according to each function.

[0537] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a communication device according to some embodiments. The communication device can be applied to a first node and execute the communication method shown in Figure 3 above, as well as the embodiment on the first node side in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 includes a receiving module 901 and a transmitting module 902.

[0538] The receiving module 901 is used to receive the first signaling sent by the second node, the first signaling being used to determine the uplink transmission parameters of the pilot during uplink transmission; the sending module 902 is used to send a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling, the first signal including the pilot.

[0539] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission parameters include at least one of the following:

[0540] Transport block information;

[0541] Error correction encoding information;

[0542] Bandwidth information;

[0543] Data rate information;

[0544] Bit duration information;

[0545] Modulation information;

[0546] Uplink pilot information;

[0547] Frequency domain location information;

[0548] Frequency domain offset information;

[0549] Waveform encoding information.

[0550] In some embodiments, transport block information includes at least one of the following:

[0551] Transport Block Size (TBS);

[0552] The length of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits.

[0553] In some embodiments, the error correction coding information includes at least one of the following:

[0554] Identification information indicating whether error correction coding should be performed;

[0555] Error correction coding scheme;

[0556] The bitrate of the error correction code.

[0557] In some embodiments, the modulation information is used to indicate any of the following modulation schemes:

[0558] On / off switch control OOK;

[0559] Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).

[0560] In some embodiments, the uplink pilot information includes at least one of the following:

[0561] The sequence content of the preamble;

[0562] The sequence type of the preamble;

[0563] The length of the preamble sequence;

[0564] Indicates whether there is an intermezzo identifier;

[0565] The sequence content of the intermolecular preamble;

[0566] The sequence type of the middle preamble;

[0567] The sequence length of the intermole;

[0568] The number of intermoles;

[0569] The insertion position of the middle precode;

[0570] Indicates whether there is a postcode identifier;

[0571] The sequence content of the postcode;

[0572] The sequence type of the postcode;

[0573] The length of the postcode sequence.

[0574] In some embodiments, the waveform encoding information includes at least one of the following:

[0575] Identification information indicating whether waveform encoding is required;

[0576] Waveform encoding code pattern;

[0577] The bit rate of waveform encoding.

[0578] In some embodiments, the communication device 900 further includes a processing module 903. The processing module 903 is configured to generate a pilot code sequence based on a first signaling; the processing module 903 is also configured to generate a first signal based on the first sequence, wherein the first sequence is a data sequence and a pilot code sequence of data to be transmitted, or the first sequence is a chip sequence of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence after waveform encoding, and the first signal includes the pilot corresponding to the pilot code sequence; the transmitting module 902 is further configured to transmit the first signal to the second node.

[0579] In some embodiments, the first node is a first type of node that supports actively generating radio frequency signals and performing frequency shifting; the processing module 903 is specifically used to modulate the first sequence onto a carrier signal at a frequency position indicated by the frequency domain position information to generate a first signal.

[0580] In some embodiments, the first node is a second type of node that transmits uplink signals via backscattering.

[0581] Processing module 903 is specifically used to, when the first sequence is a chip sequence obtained by waveform encoding of a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, repeat each codeword in the first sequence R times within the corresponding bit duration to generate a first signal; or,

[0582] Processing module 903 is further configured to, when the first sequence is a chip sequence obtained by waveform encoding of a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, perform a preset operation on each codeword in the first sequence with a preset square wave sequence of order R based on a preset operation method to generate a first signal; or,

[0583] The processing module 903 is further configured to, when the first sequence is a data sequence and a pilot code sequence, map each bit in the first sequence to a square wave sequence to generate a first signal, during the bit duration.

[0584] In some embodiments, R takes the value of any of the following:

[0585] For a preset value;

[0586] It is determined based on the device identifier of the first node;

[0587] It is determined based on the device type of the first node;

[0588] It is determined based on frequency domain offset information.

[0589] In some embodiments, the transmission frequency of the first signal is or

[0590] here, For the top band, For the lower band, T b f1 represents the bit duration of each bit in the data sequence and pilot code sequence, and f2 represents the frequency of the carrier signal carrying the backscattered signal.

[0591] In some embodiments, the preset calculation method includes at least one of the following:

[0592] Multiplication operation;

[0593] XOR operation;

[0594] XOR operation.

[0595] In some embodiments, when the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes a frequency domain resource, the pilot code sequence is a first type of pilot.

[0596] When the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, the pilot code sequence is a second type of pilot.

[0597] In some embodiments, the first type pilot and the second type pilot satisfy at least one of the following:

[0598] The first type pilot is the same as the second type pilot;

[0599] Type I pilots and Type II pilots have different combinations of preamble, introductory, and postamble.

[0600] Type I pilots and Type II pilots have different sequence lengths;

[0601] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence type, introductory sequence type, and postguide sequence type.

[0602] The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence content, introductory sequence content, and postguide sequence content.

[0603] The intermediate pilot codes in the first type of pilot have different distribution characteristics than those in the second type of pilot. These distribution characteristics include at least one of the following: the number of intermediate pilot codes and the insertion position.

[0604] In some embodiments, the sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0605] Pre-defined sequence content;

[0606] Uplink pilot information;

[0607] The device identifier of the first node;

[0608] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0609] In some embodiments, the sequence type of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0610] Predefined sequence type;

[0611] The device identifier of the first node;

[0612] Uplink pilot information;

[0613] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0614] In some embodiments, the sequence length of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0615] Preset sequence length;

[0616] The device identifier of the first node;

[0617] Uplink pilot information;

[0618] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set;

[0619] The transport block size in the transport block information;

[0620] The bitrate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information;

[0621] The device type of the first node;

[0622] The bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth;

[0623] The data rate information indicates the data rate.

[0624] The bit duration information indicates the duration of the bit;

[0625] Frequency points indicated by frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information.

[0626] In some embodiments, the presence of a post-prefix in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0627] A pre-defined state of existence or non-existence;

[0628] The device type of the first node;

[0629] Uplink pilot information;

[0630] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0631] In some embodiments, the sequence content of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0632] Pre-defined sequence content;

[0633] Uplink pilot information;

[0634] The device identifier of the first node;

[0635] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set is determined.

[0636] The preamble in the pilot code sequence.

[0637] In some embodiments, the sequence type of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0638] Predefined sequence type;

[0639] Uplink pilot information;

[0640] The device identifier of the first node;

[0641] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set;

[0642] The preamble in the pilot code sequence.

[0643] In some embodiments, the sequence length of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0644] Preset sequence length;

[0645] Uplink pilot information;

[0646] The device identifier of the first node;

[0647] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set;

[0648] The preamble in the pilot code sequence;

[0649] The presence of the middle guide in the pilot code sequence;

[0650] The transport block size in the transport block information;

[0651] The bitrate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information;

[0652] The device type of the first node;

[0653] The bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth;

[0654] The data rate information indicates the data rate.

[0655] The bit duration information indicates the duration of the bit;

[0656] Frequency points indicated by frequency domain location information or frequency domain offset information.

[0657] In some embodiments, the presence of the middle preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following:

[0658] A pre-defined state of existence or non-existence;

[0659] The device type of the first node;

[0660] Uplink pilot information;

[0661] The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

[0662] In some embodiments, the middle pilot code in the pilot code sequence has sequence properties and distribution properties;

[0663] The sequence attribute is used to indicate at least one of the sequence content, sequence type, and sequence length of the introductory code;

[0664] Distribution properties are used to indicate the number of intermediate codes and / or the insertion position of intermediate codes in the data sequence.

[0665] In some embodiments, the sequence property and / or distribution property satisfy at least one of the following:

[0666] It is pre-set;

[0667] It is determined based on the uplink pilot information;

[0668] It is determined based on the device identifier of the first node;

[0669] It is determined based on the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set;

[0670] It is determined based on the preamble and / or postamble in the pilot code sequence;

[0671] It is determined based on the presence of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence;

[0672] It is determined based on the transport block size in the transport block information;

[0673] It is determined based on the code rate of the error correction code in the error correction coding information;

[0674] It is determined based on the device type of the first node;

[0675] It is determined based on the transmission bandwidth indicated by the bandwidth information;

[0676] It is determined based on the data rate indicated by the data rate information;

[0677] It is determined based on the bit duration indicated by the bit duration information;

[0678] It is determined based on the frequency points indicated by frequency domain position information / frequency domain offset information.

[0679] Figure 10 is a block diagram of another communication device according to some embodiments. The communication device can be applied to a second node and execute the communication method shown in Figure 7 above, as well as the embodiment on the second node side in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 10, the communication device 1000 includes: a transmitting module 1001 and a receiving module 1002.

[0680] The transmitting module 1001 is used to transmit a first signaling, which is used to determine the uplink transmission parameters of the pilot during uplink transmission; the receiving module 1002 is used to receive a first signal transmitted by one or more first nodes, the first signal including the pilot.

[0681] In some embodiments, the first signals transmitted by one or more first nodes are aliased in the time domain and frequency-division multiple accessed in the frequency domain, and the first signals in different frequency bands have different pilot signals, or there are first signals in some different frequency bands that have different pilot signals.

[0682] In some embodiments, the uplink transmission parameters include at least one of the following:

[0683] Transport block information;

[0684] Error correction encoding information;

[0685] Bandwidth information;

[0686] Data rate information;

[0687] Bit duration information;

[0688] Modulation information;

[0689] Uplink pilot information;

[0690] Frequency domain location information;

[0691] Frequency domain offset information;

[0692] Waveform encoding information.

[0693] In some embodiments, the communication device 1000 further includes a processing module 1003. The processing module 1003 is configured to filter all first signals based on uplink transmission parameters, separating all first signals of frequency division multiple access into first signals of each frequency band; the processing module 1003 is also configured to detect pilot signals in the first signals of each frequency band and perform synchronization estimation and channel estimation based on the uplink transmission parameters; the processing module 1003 is also configured to detect data sequences in the first signals of each frequency band based on the uplink transmission parameters, the results of synchronization estimation, and the results of channel estimation.

[0694] In some embodiments, when the set of frequency domain transmission resources indicated by the frequency domain position information or frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, at least one of the preamble, introductory code, and postamble among the multiple first signals mapped on the multiple frequency domain resources is the same or different.

[0695] In some embodiments, the preamble, intermezzi, and postamble of the plurality of first signals mapped on the plurality of frequency domain resources satisfy at least one of the following:

[0696] The combination of preamble, introductory code, and postamble in multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same;

[0697] There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources that have different combinations of preamble, introductory, and postamble;

[0698] All first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources have at least one of the same sequence type of preamble, sequence type of introductory code, and sequence type of postcode;

[0699] There exist multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource where at least one of the sequence types of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble is different;

[0700] All first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources have at least one of the sequence lengths of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble being the same;

[0701] There exist multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource where at least one of the sequence lengths of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble is different;

[0702] All first signals mapped on the frequency domain resources have at least one of the following sequence contents: the preamble sequence content, the intermezzo sequence content, and the postamble sequence content being the same.

[0703] There exist multiple first signals mapped on a partial frequency domain resource where at least one of the sequence contents of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble is different;

[0704] The number of intermediate codes in the multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same;

[0705] There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources that have different numbers of intermediate codes;

[0706] The insertion position of the middle preamble in multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same;

[0707] There are multiple first signals mapped on some frequency domain resources where the insertion positions of the intermediate codes are different.

[0708] In the case of implementing the functions of the integrated modules described above in hardware, this disclosure provides another possible block diagram of the communication device involved in the above embodiments. As shown in FIG11, the communication device 1100 includes a processor 1102 and a bus 1104. In some embodiments, the communication device may further include a memory 1101. In some embodiments, the communication device may further include a communication interface 1103.

[0709] Processor 1102 may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 1102 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 1102 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, for example, including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a digital signal processor (DSP) and a microprocessor, etc.

[0710] The communication interface 1103 is used to connect with other devices via a communication network. This communication network can be Ethernet, wireless access network, wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0711] The memory 1101 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0712] In some embodiments, the memory 1101 may exist independently of the processor 1102. The memory 1101 may be connected to the processor 1102 via a bus 1104 and may be used to store instructions or program code. When the processor 1102 calls and executes the instructions or program code stored in the memory 1101, it can implement the communication method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0713] In other embodiments, memory 1101 may also be integrated with processor 1102.

[0714] Bus 1104 can be an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 1104 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in Figure 11, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0715] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) storing computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method as shown in any of the embodiments described above.

[0716] Exemplary examples show that the aforementioned computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in this disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0717] This disclosure provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the communication method shown in any of the embodiments described above.

[0718] The above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, wherein, Applied to the first node, the method includes: Receive the first signaling sent by the second node, the first signaling being used to determine the uplink transmission parameters for transmitting the pilot during uplink transmission; Based on the first signaling, a first signal is sent to the second node, the first signal including a pilot signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The uplink transmission parameters include at least one of the following: Transport block information; Error correction encoding information; Bandwidth information; Data rate information; Bit duration information; Modulation information; Uplink pilot information; Frequency domain location information; Frequency domain offset information; Waveform encoding information.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The transport block information includes at least one of the following: Transport Block Size (TBS); The length of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The error correction coding information includes at least one of the following: Identification information indicating whether error correction coding should be performed; Error correction coding scheme; The bitrate of the error correction code.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The modulation information is used to indicate any of the following modulation methods: On / off switch control OOK; Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The uplink pilot information includes at least one of the following: The sequence content of the preamble; The sequence type of the preamble; The length of the preamble sequence; Indicates whether there is an intermezzo identifier; The sequence content of the intermolecular preamble; The sequence type of the middle preamble; The sequence length of the intermole; The number of intermoles; The insertion position of the middle precode; Indicates whether there is a postcode identifier; The sequence content of the postcode; The sequence type of the postcode; The length of the postcode sequence.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The waveform encoding information includes at least one of the following: Identification information indicating whether waveform encoding is required; Waveform encoding code pattern; The bit rate of waveform encoding.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The step of sending a first signal to the second node based on the first signaling includes: Based on the first signaling, a pilot code sequence is generated; The first signal is generated based on the first sequence, wherein the first sequence is a data sequence of data to be transmitted and the pilot code sequence, or the first sequence is a chip sequence of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence after waveform encoding, and the first signal includes the pilot corresponding to the pilot code sequence. Send the first signal to the second node.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The first node is a type of node that supports actively generating radio frequency signals and performing frequency shifting; the step of generating the first signal based on the first sequence includes: The first sequence is modulated onto a carrier signal at a frequency position indicated by the frequency domain position information to generate the first signal.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The first node is a type II node that transmits uplink signals via backscattering; the step of generating the first signal based on the first sequence includes: When the first sequence is a chip sequence resulting from waveform encoding of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence, each codeword in the first sequence is repeated R times within its corresponding bit duration to generate the first signal; or... When the first sequence is a chip sequence resulting from waveform encoding of the data sequence and the pilot code sequence, based on a preset operation method, each codeword in the first sequence is subjected to a preset operation with a preset square wave sequence of order R to generate the first signal; or... When the first sequence is the data sequence and the pilot code sequence, each bit in the first sequence is mapped to a square wave sequence to generate the first signal, during the bit duration.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The value of R can satisfy any of the following: For a preset value; It is determined based on the device identifier of the first node; It is determined based on the device type of the first node; It is determined based on the frequency domain offset information.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The transmission frequency of the first signal is or here, For the top band, For the lower band, T b f1 is the bit duration of each bit in the data sequence and the pilot code sequence, and f2 is the frequency of the carrier signal carrying the backscattered signal.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The preset calculation method includes at least one of the following: Multiplication operation; XOR operation; XOR operation.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein, When the frequency domain transmission resource set indicated by the frequency domain position information or the frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes a frequency domain resource, the pilot code sequence is a first type of pilot; When the frequency domain transmission resource set indicated by the frequency domain location information or the frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, the pilot code sequence is a second type of pilot.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot satisfy at least one of the following: The first type of pilot is the same as the second type of pilot; The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have different combinations of preamble, introductory, and postamble; The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have different sequence lengths; The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: a preamble sequence type, a middle preamble sequence type, and a postamble sequence type. The first type of pilot and the second type of pilot have at least one of the following: preamble sequence content, introductory sequence content, and postguide sequence content. The intermediate pilot codes in the first type of pilot have different distribution characteristics from those in the second type of pilot, and the distribution characteristics include at least one of the number of intermediate pilot codes and the insertion position.

16. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence content of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Pre-defined sequence content; The uplink pilot information; The device identifier of the first node; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

17. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence type of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Predefined sequence type; The device identifier of the first node; The uplink pilot information; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

18. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence length of the preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Preset sequence length; The device identifier of the first node; The uplink pilot information; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set; The transport block size in the transport block information; The code rate of the error correction coding in the error correction coding information; The device type of the first node; The bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth; The data rate information indicates the data rate; The bit duration information indicates the bit duration; The frequency point indicated by the frequency domain location information or the frequency domain offset information.

19. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The presence of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: A pre-defined state of existence or non-existence; The device type of the first node; The uplink pilot information; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

20. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence content of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Pre-defined sequence content; The uplink pilot information; The device identifier of the first node; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set is determined; The preamble in the pilot code sequence.

21. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence type of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Predefined sequence type; The uplink pilot information; The device identifier of the first node; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set; The preamble in the pilot code sequence.

22. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The sequence length of the postcode in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: Preset sequence length; The uplink pilot information; The device identifier of the first node; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set; The preamble in the pilot code sequence; The presence of the middle guide in the pilot code sequence; The transport block size in the transport block information; The code rate of the error correction coding in the error correction coding information; The device type of the first node; The bandwidth information indicates the transmission bandwidth; The data rate information indicates the data rate; The bit duration information indicates the bit duration; The frequency point indicated by the frequency domain location information or the frequency domain offset information.

23. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The presence of the middle preamble in the pilot code sequence is determined based on at least one of the following: A pre-defined state of existence or non-existence; The device type of the first node; The uplink pilot information; The first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set.

24. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The pilot code sequence has a sequence attribute and a distribution attribute; the sequence attribute is used to indicate at least one of the sequence content, sequence type, and sequence length of the pilot code; the distribution attribute is used to indicate the number of pilot codes and / or the insertion position of the pilot codes in the data sequence.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein, The sequence property and / or the distribution property satisfy at least one of the following: It is pre-set; It is determined based on the aforementioned uplink pilot information; It is determined based on the device identifier of the first node; It is determined based on the first frequency domain resource used by the first node or the index of the first frequency domain resource in the frequency domain transmission resource set; It is determined based on the preamble and / or postamble in the pilot code sequence; It is determined based on the presence of the post-leader in the pilot code sequence; It is determined based on the transport block size in the transport block information; It is determined based on the code rate of the error correction coding in the error correction coding information; It is determined based on the device type of the first node; It is determined based on the transmission bandwidth indicated by the bandwidth information; It is determined based on the data rate indicated by the data rate information; It is determined based on the bit duration indicated by the bit duration information; It is determined based on the frequency point indicated by the frequency domain position information / frequency domain offset information.

26. A communication method, wherein, Applied to the second node, the method includes: Send a first signaling message, which is used to determine the uplink transmission parameters for transmitting the pilot during uplink transmission; Receive a first signal sent by one or more first nodes, the first signal including a pilot signal.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein, The first signals transmitted by the one or more first nodes are aliased in the time domain and frequency division multiple accessed in the frequency domain, and the first signals in different frequency bands have different pilot signals, or there are some first signals in different frequency bands that have different pilot signals.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, The uplink transmission parameters include at least one of the following: Transport block information; Error correction encoding information; Bandwidth information; Data rate information; Bit duration information; Modulation information; Uplink pilot information; Frequency domain location information; Frequency domain offset information; Waveform encoding information.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the uplink transmission parameters, all the first signals are filtered to separate all the first signals of frequency division multiple access into the first signals of each frequency band; Based on the uplink transmission parameters, the pilot signals in the first signal of each frequency band are detected, and synchronization and channel estimation are performed. Based on the uplink transmission parameters, the results of the synchronization estimation, and the results of the channel estimation, the data sequence in the first signal of each frequency band is detected.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein, When the frequency domain transmission resource set indicated by the frequency domain position information or the frequency domain offset information in the uplink transmission parameters includes multiple frequency domain resources, at least one of the preamble, introductory code, and postamble among the multiple first signals mapped on the multiple frequency domain resources is the same or different.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein, The preamble, intermezzi, and postamble of the multiple first signals mapped on multiple frequency domain resources satisfy at least one of the following: All frequency domain resources have the same combination of preamble, introductory code, and postamble in the multiple first signals mapped on them; There are multiple first signals that are mapped on some frequency domain resources and have different combinations of preamble, introductory and postamble; All frequency domain resources mapped to the first signal have at least one of the same sequence type of preamble, sequence type of introductory code, and sequence type of postcode; There exist multiple first signals that are mapped on a partial frequency domain resource and have at least one different sequence type of preamble, introductory sequence, or postamble; All frequency domain resources mapped to the first signal have at least one of the same sequence length of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble; There exist multiple first signals that are mapped on a partial frequency domain resource and at least one of the sequence lengths of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble is different; All frequency domain resources mapped to at least one of the sequence contents of the preamble, the sequence contents of the intermembrane, and the sequence contents of the postamble in the first signal are identical. There exist multiple first signals that are mapped on a partial frequency domain resource and at least one of the sequence contents of the preamble, the intermembrane, and the postamble is different; The number of intermediate codes in the multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources is the same; There are multiple signals in the first signal that are mapped on some frequency domain resources and have different numbers of intermediate codes. The insertion positions of the middle preambles in the multiple first signals mapped on all frequency domain resources are the same; There are multiple signals in the first signal that are mapped on some frequency domain resources, and the insertion positions of the intermediate codes are different.

32. A communication device, wherein, include: Memory and processor; The memory and the processor are coupled; The memory is used to store instructions that can be executed by the processor; When the processor executes the instructions, it performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-31.

33. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-31.

34. A computer program product, wherein, The computer program product includes computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-31.

Images