Filter antenna, antenna-feeder system, communication device, and communication system

Abstract

The present application provides a filter antenna, an antenna-feeder system, a communication device, and a communication system. The filter antenna in the present application comprises a ground plane, a frequency selective surface, a plurality of radiators, and a surrounding frame, wherein the ground plane is arranged opposite to the frequency selective surface, and the plurality of radiators are located on the side of the ground plane facing the frequency selective surface. The surrounding frame is located between the ground plane and the frequency selective surface. The surrounding frame is separately connected to the ground plane and the frequency selective surface, and is disposed around the plurality of radiators. By employing the design solution of the filter antenna provided in the present application, electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by the plurality of radiators can be primarily radiated out by means of the frequency selective surface, thereby achieving over‑the‑air filtering, attaining a desired out-of-band suppression effect, and facilitating large-angle scanning of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filter antenna.

Description

A filtered antenna, an antenna feed system, a communication device, and a communication system.

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510129594.4, filed on January 27, 2025, with the invention entitled "A Filtered Antenna, Antenna Feeder System, Base Station and Communication System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a filtered antenna, an antenna feed system, a communication device, and a communication system. Background Technology

[0004] With the development of mobile communication, the usage rate of mobile terminals is increasing, and base station antennas are the foundation of current mobile communication, occupying a crucial position. The application and development of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology in 5G mobile communication has significantly increased the filtering burden on the base station antenna's RF front-end. This results in a very large number of RF front-end filters required for base stations, making it difficult to meet the design requirements of lightweight, miniaturized, and low-cost base stations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a filtered antenna, an antenna feed system, a communication device, and a communication system to facilitate the miniaturization design of the antenna feed system.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a filtered antenna, which includes a ground plane, a frequency selective surface, multiple radiators, and a frame. The ground plane and the frequency selective surface are disposed opposite to each other, and the multiple radiators are located on the side of the ground plane facing the frequency selective surface. The frame is located between the ground plane and the frequency selective surface, connected to both the ground plane and the frequency selective surface, and surrounds the multiple radiators. Using the filtered antenna design provided in this application, since the frequency selective surface can meet the filtering performance requirements of the filtered antenna, electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by the multiple radiators can be mainly radiated by the frequency selective surface to achieve air-to-the-area filtering, thereby achieving the required out-of-band suppression effect, and also facilitating the meeting of the large scanning angle radiation requirements of the filtered antenna. Furthermore, since the filtered antenna provided in this application does not require an additional filter, the overall loss of the filtered antenna can be reduced.

[0007] In order to ensure that electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by multiple radiators can be radiated primarily by a frequency-selective surface, in this application, a frame can be used to block all or part of the electromagnetic waves generated by the multiple radiators from radiating outwards. For example, it can block electromagnetic waves outside the desired frequency band, or it can block electromagnetic waves of all frequencies generated by the multiple radiators.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, the enclosure may be electrically or coupled to the floor, so that the enclosure can effectively block all or part of the electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators.

[0009] In addition, the enclosure can be electrically or coupled to the frequency selective surface. This ensures that electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by multiple radiators are primarily radiated through the frequency selective surface, thus achieving an effective filtering effect.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the enclosure, the enclosure comprises multiple frame surfaces arranged around and sequentially connected to multiple radiators, wherein at least one frame surface includes a slit. Furthermore, the maximum spacing d1 of the slit satisfies: 0 < d1 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This avoids electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by multiple radiators from radiating outwards through the slit, while also reducing the material used in the frame surfaces, thereby reducing the weight of the filter antenna.

[0011] In another possible implementation of this application, the enclosure includes multiple enclosure surfaces arranged around multiple radiators. Along a first direction, at least one enclosure surface includes multiple spaced strip structures, the first direction being parallel to the floor. In this implementation, the maximum spacing d2 between any two adjacent strip structures satisfies: 0 < d2 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This avoids electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by multiple radiators radiating outwards through the gap between two strip structures, while also reducing the material used in the enclosure surface, thereby reducing the weight of the filter antenna.

[0012] In one possible implementation of this application, the angle θ between each frame surface and the floor, facing the frequency-selective surface, satisfies: 80° < θ ≤ 135°. This ensures that the filter antenna has a large radiating aperture while also improving the design flexibility of the filter antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, the angle α between the plane containing the frequency selective surface and the plane containing the ground plane satisfies: 0 ≤ α ≤ 45°. This reduces the design accuracy requirements of the filter antenna, thereby reducing the design and fabrication difficulty.

[0014] When configuring a frequency selective surface, it can include multiple frequency selective surface units arranged according to a predetermined periodic pattern to achieve the filtering function of the frequency selective surface.

[0015] Depending on the configuration of the frequency selective surface, the specific arrangement of the substrate within it varies. For example, in one possible implementation, the frequency selective surface further includes an insulating dielectric substrate, and the multiple frequency selective surface units comprise multiple metal patches. Along a second direction, that is, a direction perpendicular to the ground plane, the multiple metal patches are located on at least one surface of the insulating dielectric substrate. This allows the multiple metal patches to be arranged according to a predetermined periodic pattern, thereby enabling the selection of the frequency of electromagnetic waves radiated by the frequency selective surface.

[0016] In another possible implementation, the frequency selective surface further includes a metal substrate, in which case the aforementioned multiple frequency selective surface units include multiple through-holes penetrating the metal substrate. Thus, by designing a periodic arrangement of these multiple through-holes, a specific filtering function of the frequency selective surface can be achieved.

[0017] Furthermore, in this application, the maximum spacing h between the frequency selective surface and the ground plane can satisfy: 0 < h ≤ 2 × λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This allows for a smaller spacing between the frequency selective surface and the ground plane, which is beneficial for achieving a thinner design of the filter antenna, thereby helping to meet the miniaturization requirements of the filter antenna.

[0018] In one possible implementation of this application, the filter antenna further includes N partitions housed within a cavity enclosed by a floor, a frequency-selective surface, and a frame. The frame includes a first frame surface and a second frame surface disposed opposite each other. The N partitions are spaced apart along the direction from the first frame surface to the second frame surface to divide the cavity into multiple sub-cavities. Furthermore, at least one of the multiple radiators is located between any two adjacent partitions, between the first frame surface and an adjacent partition, and between the second frame surface and an adjacent partition. This improves the uniformity of the radiation environment of each radiator, facilitating the normalization design of the filter antenna and reducing design costs.

[0019] In this application, the number of the aforementioned plurality of radiators is M, where 0 < N ≤ M, and M and N are positive integers. This allows each sub-cavity divided by the partition to be used to enclose at least one radiator, which is beneficial for the normalization design of the filter antenna.

[0020] As described above, the enclosure may include multiple enclosure surfaces surrounding multiple radiators. This application does not limit the material of the enclosure, as long as each enclosure surface can effectively block all or part of the electromagnetic waves generated by the multiple radiators.

[0021] For example, in one possible embodiment, the frame or at least one frame surface may be made of metal. This can serve to shield electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators, allowing most, or even all, of the electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band to radiate through a frequency-selective surface, thereby facilitating the achievement of out-of-band suppression standards.

[0022] In addition, in another possible embodiment, the dielectric constant ε of the material of the frame or at least one frame surface is ≥5, and / or the magnetic permeability μ of the frame material is ≥5. This can also serve as a shield for electromagnetic waves.

[0023] In another possible embodiment, the frame or at least one frame surface may include an electromagnetic metasurface. This electromagnetic metasurface can be used to select electromagnetic waves of radiated frequencies, thereby also acting as a filter to ensure out-of-band suppression.

[0024] Secondly, this application also provides an antenna feed system, which includes the filter antenna from the first aspect. The antenna feed system provided by this application has a high degree of integration, which is beneficial for achieving miniaturized design of the antenna feed system.

[0025] In one possible implementation of this application, the antenna feed system further includes a phase shifter. The phase shifter can be used to adjust the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filter antenna to change the electrical downtilt angle of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiating structure, thereby changing the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filter antenna to meet the signal coverage requirements of the filter antenna.

[0026] In practical applications, an antenna feeder system may include multiple filtered antennas arranged in an array to meet the communication requirements of the antenna feeder system.

[0027] Thirdly, this application also provides a communication device, which includes a radio frequency processing unit, a baseband processing unit, and an antenna feeder system as described in the second aspect. The baseband processing unit is connected to the antenna feeder system through the radio frequency processing unit. Because the antenna feeder system provided in this application is relatively small, it helps save site space and rooftop resources occupied by the antenna feeder system. Furthermore, the communication device can simultaneously deploy a large number of antenna feeder systems, which helps increase the types of signals that the communication device can radiate, thereby expanding the applicability of the communication device.

[0028] This application does not limit the connection method between the radio frequency processing unit and the antenna feed system. For example, in one possible implementation, the radio frequency processing unit and the antenna feed system can be designed as an integrated unit to form an active antenna system.

[0029] Fourthly, this application also provides a communication system, which includes core network equipment and communication equipment as described in the third aspect, wherein the core network equipment and the communication equipment are communicatively connected. The communication system provided by this application has superior communication performance. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is an architecture diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the antenna feeder system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional antenna feeder system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 shows the simulation results of out-of-band suppression of the filter antenna shown in Figure 4;

[0035] Figure 6 is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8a is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 8b is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 9 is a top view of a structure of a filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 10 is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 11 is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 12 is a top view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 13 is a top view of a structure of a filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 21 is a top view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of an antenna feeder system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0058] Reference numerals: 1000-Communication equipment; 2000-Terminal; 100-Antenna feeder system; 10-Radar radome; 20-Antenna connector; 30-Antenna; 3001-Radiator; 3002-Ground; 40-Filter; 50-Amplifier; 60-Phase shifter; 70-Signal processing module; 80-RF front-end circuit board; 1-Frequency selective surface; 101-Frequency selective surface unit; 102-Metal substrate; 103-Insulating dielectric substrate; 2-Frame; 201-First frame surface; 202-Second frame surface; 203-Third frame surface; 204-Fourth frame surface; 205-Slot; 206-Strip structure; 207-Electromagnetic metasurface; 3-Spacing plate; 200-Support frame; 300-RF processing unit; 400-Baseband unit; 500-Feeder; 600-Adjustment bracket; 700-Grounding device. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The same reference numerals in the figures denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. The terms expressing position and direction described in the embodiments of this application are illustrative based on the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this application. The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application are only for illustrating relative positional relationships and do not represent actual scale.

[0060] It should be noted that specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0061] Radiator: A radiator, also known as a radiating element, antenna element, or vibrator, is the basic structural unit of an antenna array. It effectively radiates or receives antenna signals. Different radiators can have the same or different frequencies. In practical applications, radiators can be classified into single-polarized and dual-polarized types. The type of radiator can be appropriately selected based on actual requirements during configuration.

[0062] Floor: The floor, also known as a reflector, base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, serves several purposes. When a radiator receives an antenna signal, the floor reflects and focuses the signal onto the receiving point, achieving directional reception. When a radiator transmits an antenna signal, the floor enables directional transmission. The floor enhances the radiator's antenna signal reception and transmission capabilities and also blocks and shields interference from other signals originating from the back of the floor (the side of the floor facing away from the radiator), thereby increasing the antenna's gain.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, the floor may be made of a conductive material. In some implementations, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will understand that the floor may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0064] Coupled connection: Two conductors are electrically connected by means of a gap / non-contact connection. In one embodiment, a coupled connection can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0065] Electrical connection: Components are physically in contact and electrically connected; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in a circuit are connected through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil on a printed circuit board (PCB) or wires.

[0066] A frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic array structure, essentially a spatial filter that interacts with electromagnetic waves and exhibits distinct bandpass or bandstop filtering characteristics. A FSS can transmit or reflect waves of different frequencies, thus providing specific frequency selection.

[0067] To facilitate understanding of the filtered antenna, antenna feed system, and communication equipment provided in this application, their application scenarios will be introduced first below.

[0068] The filter antenna provided in this application can be applied to communication equipment such as base stations and radar to achieve wireless communication functions.

[0069] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a communication system applicable to embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system architecture may include a communication device 1000. Wireless communication can be achieved between the communication device 1000 and the terminal 2000. The communication device 1000 may also be referred to as an access network device or access node, and it may be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) to perform cell coverage of signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the communication device 1000 can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an Evolutionary Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the communication device can also be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments in this application are not limited to these.

[0070] The filtered antenna provided in this application can also be used in access network equipment, sometimes also called access nodes. Access network equipment has wireless transceiver capabilities for communication with terminals. Access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, base stations, evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs) in the aforementioned communication systems, next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, next-generation base stations in 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in open RAN (ORAN) systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in WiFi systems. Access network equipment can also be modules or units capable of implementing some of the functions of a base station. For example, access network equipment can also be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU), as described below. In the ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU, DU can also be called open (O)-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CUP-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU.

[0071] The access network equipment in this application can be a macro base station, micro base station, or indoor station, a relay node or donor node, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Optionally, the access network equipment can also be a server, wearable device, or vehicle-mounted equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in the communication system can be base stations of the same type or different types. Base stations can communicate with terminals directly or via relay stations. Terminals can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies.

[0072] It is understood that the terminal communicating with the communication equipment or communication system in this application can be customer premises equipment (CPE). This CPE can be, for example, a network device that converts mobile cellular signals, such as those from LTE, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), or Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) systems, into wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) or wireless local area networks (WLAN) signals. In some embodiments, the CPE can be a fixed wireless access (FAW) device, where FAW is a technology combining fixed-line and wireless communication to provide broadband access services to users. Alternatively, the terminal can also be a lampsite, which can be used, for example, to introduce base station signals indoors, solving the problem of indoor blind spot coverage.

[0073] In this application, the mobile network can be divided into three parts: a base station subsystem, a network subsystem, and system support components (such as security management). The core network is located within the network subsystem, and its main function is to route call requests or data requests from interface A to different networks. Therefore, the communication system can also include core network equipment, which can communicate with the communication equipment.

[0074] Communication equipment is equipped with an antenna feeder system to transmit signals in space. In this application, the communication equipment can be understood as a base station. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication equipment provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the communication equipment 1000 includes a support frame 200 and an antenna feeder system 100, among other structures. The antenna feeder system 100 includes an antenna radome 10, which is fixed to the support frame 200, such as a pole or tower, to facilitate signal reception or transmission. The antenna radome 10 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the influence of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thereby protecting the antenna feeder system 100 from external environmental influences.

[0075] The communication device 1000 may further include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 300 and a baseband processing unit 400. The antenna feed system 100 is connected to the RF processing unit 300 via an antenna connector 20 located outside the radome 10, and the baseband processing unit 400 can be connected to the antenna feed system 100 via the RF processing unit 300. The RF processing unit 300 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna feed system 100, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 400. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 300 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 400, converting it into a wireless signal and transmitting it through the antenna feed system 100. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 300 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 400 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU). In a specific embodiment, the RF processing unit 300 may include a transceiver board in the power supply module.

[0076] The support frame 200 is fixed to the ground at a certain height, and the antenna feed system 100 is fixed to the support frame 200, which meets the radiation distance requirements of the antenna feed system 100. Specifically, the antenna feed system 100 is detachably fixed to the support frame 200 via an adjustable bracket 600 to facilitate signal reception or transmission. The orientation of the antenna feed system 100 can be adjusted along a direction perpendicular to the height of the support frame 200 using the adjustable bracket 600.

[0077] In one possible embodiment, as shown in FIG2, the RF processing unit 300 can be integrated with the antenna feed system 100, and the baseband processing unit 400 is located at the far end of the antenna feed system 100. The RF processing unit 300 and the baseband processing unit 400 can be connected via a feed line 500. In this case, the RF processing unit 300 and the antenna feed system 100 can be collectively referred to as an active antenna unit (AAU). It should be noted that FIG2 is only an example of the positional relationship between the RF processing unit 300 and the antenna feed system 100. In other embodiments, the RF processing unit 300 and the antenna feed system 100 can also be independent devices. For example, the RF processing unit 300 can be located below the antenna feed system 100, or the RF processing unit 300 and the baseband processing unit 400 can both be located at the far end of the antenna feed system 100. In this embodiment, the antenna feed system 100 is a passive antenna.

[0078] As shown in Figure 2, a grounding device 700 is provided between the baseband processing unit 400 and the connecting wire 500. The grounding device 700 generally includes a grounding electrode buried underground. A sealing element can be provided at the connection between the antenna feed system 100 and the connecting wire 500, and a sealing element can also be provided at the connection between the grounding device 700 and the connecting wire 500. Specifically, the sealing element can include at least one of insulating sealing tape and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulating tape. Of course, the sealing element can also have other structures and is not limited to the form of tape.

[0079] It should be noted that, in practical applications, equipment such as the support frame 200 and the adjustment bracket 600 can be provided by the site provider. Equipment such as the antenna feeder system 100, the radio frequency processing unit 300, and the baseband processing unit 400 in the base station can be provided by the base station manufacturer. The antenna feeder system 100 can also be provided by the antenna manufacturer, i.e., a passive antenna, or the antenna module in an active antenna can be provided by the antenna manufacturer. The base station in this embodiment may also exclude the support frame 200.

[0080] Furthermore, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional antenna feeder system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the main component used for signal transmission in the antenna feeder system is the antenna 30, which includes a radiator 3001 and a ground plane 3002. The radiator 3001 can be housed within the radome 10 shown in Figure 2. Electrically, the radome 10 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, thus not affecting the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the radiator 3001 and the outside world. Mechanically, the radome 10 has good stress resistance and oxidation resistance, thus being able to withstand the corrosion of harsh external environments.

[0081] The radiator 3001 is typically placed on one side of the floor 3002. This not only greatly enhances the signal reception or transmission capability, but also blocks and shields interference signals from the back of the reflector 3002. In this application, the back of the floor 3002 refers to the side of the floor 3002 opposite to the side where the radiator 3001 is placed.

[0082] In the antenna feed system 100, to filter out interference noise in the antenna signal or to select the signal frequency, the radiator 3001 of the antenna 30 is typically connected to the filter 40. Additionally, the antenna feed system 100 may also include an amplifier 50, a phase shifter 60, and a signal processing module 70. The amplifier 50 amplifies the electromagnetic waves received or transmitted by the radiator 3001. The phase shifter 60 adjusts the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator 3001 to change the electrical downtilt angle of the radiated electromagnetic waves, thereby changing the radiation direction of the radiated electromagnetic waves to meet the antenna's signal coverage requirements.

[0083] As shown in Figure 3, in traditional base stations, the filtering scheme mainly involves setting a certain number of filters independently for each radiator 3001. If the base station is a Massive MIMO base station, this results in a large number of filters, making it difficult to meet the design requirements of lightweight, miniaturized, and low-cost base stations. In this case, it is advisable to integrate the filters with the antenna to form a filtered antenna, which can effectively reduce the need for discrete filters while maintaining good roll-off characteristics on both sides of the communication band.

[0084] However, existing filter antenna designs are insufficient to meet the out-of-band rejection standards for Massive MIMO applications, and even under forward-facing conditions, they cannot meet the out-of-band rejection requirements for large-angle scanning.

[0085] In view of this, the filter antenna provided in this application radiates electromagnetic waves generated by the radiator primarily through the FSS, thereby reducing the need for discrete filters while meeting the required out-of-band suppression effect. This facilitates the miniaturization design of the antenna feed system. To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, the filter antenna provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0086] Referring to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of a filtered antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, the filtered antenna includes a ground plane 3002, a frequency selective surface 1, a plurality of radiators 3001, and a frame 2. The ground plane 3002 and the frequency selective surface 1 are disposed opposite to each other, and the plurality of radiators 3001 are located on the side of the ground plane 3002 facing the frequency selective surface 1. The frame 2 is located between the ground plane 3002 and the frequency selective surface 1 and surrounds the plurality of radiators 3001. In other words, the ground plane 3002, the frame 2, and the frequency selective surface 1 together form a cavity, within which the plurality of radiators 3001 are housed.

[0087] Considering that metal has a good shielding effect on electromagnetic waves, we can continue to refer to Figure 5. In this embodiment, the frame 2 can be, for example, a metal frame. Specifically, the frame 2 includes multiple frame surfaces arranged around and sequentially connected to the plurality of radiators 3001, and all of these frame surfaces can be metal surfaces. In addition, these multiple frame surfaces can be, for example, the first frame surface 201, the second frame surface 202, the third frame surface 203, and the fourth frame surface 204 shown in Figure 5, wherein the first frame surface 201 and the third frame surface 203 are arranged opposite each other along the X direction, and the second frame surface 202 and the fourth frame surface 204 are arranged opposite each other along the Y direction, with the X direction perpendicular to the Y direction.

[0088] Referring to Figure 5, which shows the simulation results of out-of-band suppression of the filter antenna shown in Figure 4, the solid line represents the frequency-efficiency curve when the scanning angle of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the filter antenna is 0°, and the dashed line represents the frequency-efficiency curve when the scanning angle of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the filter antenna is 60°.

[0089] Analysis of Figure 5 reveals that in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the frequency selective surface 1 meets the filtering performance requirements of the filtering antenna, allowing electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by the radiator 3001 to pass through while reflecting electromagnetic waves of other frequencies. Furthermore, the metal frame 2 blocks electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators 3001 from radiating outwards. This ensures that electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by multiple radiators 3001 can only radiate through the frequency selective surface 1, achieving over-the-air filtering and thus the desired out-of-band suppression effect. Moreover, even when the scanning angle of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filtering antenna is large, such as ±60°, a relatively stable out-of-band suppression effect is achieved.

[0090] In addition, since the design scheme of the filter antenna provided in the above embodiment is adopted, there is no need to set up an additional filter, thus reducing the overall loss of the filter antenna.

[0091] After understanding the design principle of the filter antenna shown in Figure 4, we will now provide an exemplary description of its specific structure.

[0092] Referring again to section 4, in this application, the distance h between the frequency selective surface 1 and the ground plane 3002 can satisfy: 0 < h ≤ 2 × λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. In practical applications, the distance h between the frequency selective surface 1 and the ground plane 3002 can be, for example, 0.25 × λ0, 0.5 × λ0, or λ0, etc. This allows for a smaller distance between the frequency selective surface 1 and the ground plane 3002, which is beneficial for achieving a thinner design of the filter antenna, thereby helping to meet the miniaturization design requirements of the filter antenna.

[0093] It is worth mentioning that in the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the frequency selection surface 1 is arranged parallel to the ground plane 3002. However, in actual design, there can be a certain angle between the plane containing the frequency selection surface 1 and the plane containing the ground plane 3002. For example, refer to Figure 6, which is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in this application embodiment. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the angle α between the plane containing the frequency selection surface 1 and the plane containing the ground plane 3002 satisfies: 0 ≤ α ≤ 45°. For example, 0 ≤ α ≤ 20°, or 6° ≤ α ≤ 10°, etc. This reduces the design accuracy requirements of the filter antenna, thereby reducing the design and manufacturing difficulty of the filter antenna.

[0094] Based on this, it can be understood that the spacing h between the frequency selection surface 1 and the ground plane 3002 mentioned above can also be understood as the maximum distance between the frequency selection surface 1 and the ground plane 3002, so as to achieve the thin design of the filter antenna.

[0095] Figure 7 is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, in this embodiment, the angle θ between each frame surface of the frame 2 and the floor 3002 facing the frequency selection surface satisfies: 80° < θ ≤ 135°, and can be 80° < θ ≤ 90°, or 90° < θ ≤ 100°, or 1000° < θ ≤ 120°, etc. This ensures that the filter antenna has a large radiating aperture while also improving the design flexibility of the filter antenna.

[0096] Understandably, to ensure the blocking effect of the enclosure on the electromagnetic waves generated by the multiple radiators 3001, in this embodiment, the enclosure 2 can be connected to the floor 3002. Specifically, refer to Figure 8a, which is a side view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in this embodiment. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8a, the enclosure 2 is electrically connected to the floor 3002, meaning that the enclosure 2 is in contact with the floor 3002 and current flows through it. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the enclosure 2 can also be connected to the floor 3002 by means of welding, etc., to improve the structural reliability of the filter antenna.

[0097] For example, in the filter antenna shown in Figure 8b, the frame 2 is coupled to the ground 3002, that is, there is a gap between the frame 2 and the ground 3002, but they can be coupled through capacitors, etc., so that current can flow between the frame 2 and the ground 3002.

[0098] It is worth mentioning that the connection methods between each frame surface of the enclosure 2 and the floor 3002 can be the same or different, and can be selected according to specific design needs. This application does not limit them.

[0099] This application does not limit the specific arrangement of the frequency selective surface 1. Figure 9 is a top view of a structure of a filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the frequency selective surface 1 includes a plurality of frequency selective surface units 101, each of which is used to radiate electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by a plurality of radiators 3001.

[0100] In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG9, the frequency selective surface 1 further includes a metal substrate 102, and the above-mentioned multiple frequency selective surface units 101 are multiple through holes penetrating the metal substrate, so that the frequency selective surface units 101 can be used for electromagnetic wave radiation.

[0101] Referring to Figure 9, in this embodiment, the frequency selective surface unit 101 is a rectangular hole. However, in some other possible embodiments of this application, the frequency selective surface unit 101 may also be a circular hole, a triangular hole, or a trapezoidal hole. Furthermore, the shapes of multiple frequency selective surface units 101 may be the same or different, and this application does not limit them.

[0102] Referring again to Figure 9, the center-to-center distance d3 between any two adjacent frequency selective surface elements 101 can satisfy: 0 < d3 ≤ λ0, for example, d3 = 0.5 × λ0. This allows the multiple frequency selective surface elements 101 to be arranged more compactly, which is beneficial to reducing the size of the frequency selective surface 1 while meeting the requirement for the number of frequency selective surface elements 101, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design of the filter antenna.

[0103] It is understood that since the frequency selective surface 1 shown in FIG9 includes a metal substrate 102, when it is applied to a filter antenna, referring to FIG8a or FIG8b, the metal substrate 102 can be electrically connected to the frame 2, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the frequency selective surface 1 and the frame 2. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in FIG9, the edge of the metal substrate 102 is electrically connected to the frame 2. In other possible embodiments of this application, such as in the filter antenna shown in FIG10, the size of the metal substrate 102 can be larger than the boundary size of the frame 2, so that the metal substrate 102 is mounted on the frame 2 and electrically connected to the frame 2.

[0104] In some other possible embodiments of this application, such as the filter antenna shown in FIG11, the metal substrate 102 may also be coupled to the frame 2, and in the embodiment shown in FIG11, the metal substrate 102 and the frame 2 are spaced apart along the direction from the floor 3002 to the frequency selection surface 1, that is, along the Z direction.

[0105] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the frequency selective surface provided in an embodiment of this application. In the embodiment shown in Figure 12, the multiple frequency selective surface units 101 of the frequency selective surface 1 are multiple metal patches. In addition, the frequency selective surface 1 also includes an insulating dielectric substrate 103, and the multiple metal patches are located on the surface of the insulating dielectric substrate 103.

[0106] It is worth mentioning that, referring to Figures 8b and 12 together, since the insulating dielectric substrate 103 includes a surface facing the floor 3002 and a surface away from the floor 3002 along the second direction, that is, the Z direction shown in Figure 8b, or the direction perpendicular to the floor 3002, in this embodiment of the application, a plurality of metal patches can be located on at least one surface of the insulating dielectric substrate 103. For example, a portion of the plurality of metal patches is disposed on the surface of the insulating dielectric substrate 103 facing the floor 3002, and another portion of the plurality of metal patches is disposed on the surface of the insulating dielectric substrate 103 away from the floor 3002, or the plurality of metal patches are all disposed on the same surface of the insulating dielectric substrate 103.

[0107] Referring to Figure 12, in this embodiment, the frequency selective surface unit 101 is a rectangular metal patch. In other possible embodiments of this application, the frequency selective surface unit 101 may also be a circular, triangular or trapezoidal metal patch. Furthermore, the shapes of multiple frequency selective surface units 101 may be the same or different, and this application does not limit them.

[0108] Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Figure 12, the center-to-center distance d3 between any two adjacent frequency selective surface elements 101 can also satisfy: 0 < d3 ≤ λ0, for example, d3 = 0.5 × λ0. This allows the multiple frequency selective surface elements 101 to be arranged more compactly, thereby satisfying the quantity requirement of frequency selective surface elements 101 while reducing the size of the frequency selective surface 1, which is beneficial for realizing the miniaturization design of the filter antenna.

[0109] Since the frequency selection surface 1 shown in FIG12 includes an insulating dielectric substrate 103, when connecting the frame 2 to the frequency selection surface 1, FIG8a or FIG8b can be referred to. The frame 2 can be arranged around the edge of the insulating dielectric substrate 103, and the edge of the insulating dielectric substrate 103 can be snapped with the wall of the frame 2, or fixedly connected by means of adhesive bonding, etc.

[0110] Referring again to Figure 10, in the embodiment shown in Figure 10, the size of the insulating dielectric substrate 103 is larger than the boundary size of the frame 2. Therefore, the insulating dielectric substrate 103 can be erected on the frame 2. At this time, the insulating dielectric substrate 103 and the frame 2 can be fixedly connected or not fixed. This application does not limit this.

[0111] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, when the portion of the insulating dielectric substrate 103 that is in contact with the frame 2 includes metal, such as a metal edge or a metal sheet, the insulating dielectric substrate 103 can be electrically connected to the frame 2 or coupled as shown in FIG11.

[0112] Furthermore, in both the frequency selection surface 1 of the filter antenna shown in Figure 9 and the frequency selection surface 1 of the filter antenna shown in Figure 12, the multiple frequency selection surface units 101 are arranged according to a predetermined periodic pattern. For example, in the embodiments shown in Figures 9 and 12, the multiple frequency selection surface units 101 are arranged in a matrix. Additionally, in the frequency selection surface 1 of the filter antenna shown in Figure 13, adjacent rows of frequency selection surface units 101 are staggered.

[0113] It is worth mentioning that, in this application, the periodic arrangement of the frequency selection surface element 101 of the frequency selection surface 1 is not required to be consistent with the periodic arrangement of the multiple radiators 3001. They can be the same or different, thereby increasing the design freedom of the filter antenna.

[0114] The above embodiments are merely illustrative descriptions of some possible configurations of the frequency selection surface 1. Based on these, a series of modifications can be made according to actual usage requirements, which will not be listed here, but all of them should be understood to fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0115] In practical applications, to enable the frequency selective surface 1 to more effectively radiate electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, or to achieve better filtering performance, the frequency selective surface 1 may include multiple layer structures. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the frequency selective surface provided in this application embodiment. In Figure 14, each layer structure can be configured according to the embodiment shown in Figure 9, or according to the embodiment shown in Figure 12, or according to the embodiment shown in Figure 13. In other embodiments of this application, each layer structure in the frequency selective surface 1 may be configured according to the embodiment shown in Figure 9, or each layer structure may be configured according to the embodiment shown in Figure 12, or each layer structure may be configured according to the embodiment shown in Figure 13.

[0116] Furthermore, the arrangement periodicity of multiple frequency selective surfaces 1 in any two adjacent layer structures of the multiple layer structures of frequency selective surface 1 can be the same or different; and the multiple frequency selective surface units 101 in any two adjacent layer structures can be aligned along the stacking direction or staggered. This application does not impose any limitations on these arrangements.

[0117] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. In Figure 15, the filter antenna also includes a partition 3, which is housed within a cavity formed by the floor 3002, the frequency selective surface 1, and the frame 2. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Figure 14, along the direction from the second frame surface 202 to the fourth frame surface 204, i.e., along the Y direction, the partition 3 divides the cavity into two sub-cavities. Parts of the plurality of radiators 3001 are located between the partition 3 and the second frame surface 202, and other parts of the plurality of radiators 3001 are located between the partition 3 and the fourth frame surface 204.

[0118] It is worth mentioning that the material of the partition 3 can also be metal or other materials that can block electromagnetic waves. By setting the partition 3 in the cavity of the filter antenna to divide it into two sub-cavities, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the radiation environment of each radiator 3001, which is conducive to realizing the normalization design of the filter antenna and thus reducing the design cost.

[0119] Additionally, Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the filter antenna includes two partitions 3, which are spaced apart along the direction from the first frame surface 201 to the third frame surface 203. At least one radiator 3001 is located between the two partitions 3, at least one radiator 3001 is located between the first frame surface 201 and the adjacent partition 3, and at least one radiator 3001 is located between the third frame surface 203 and the adjacent partition 3.

[0120] In this application, the number of partitions 3 is not limited. For example, the filter antenna may include N partitions 3. In addition, the number of radiators 3001 is M, then 0 < N ≤ M, where M is a positive integer and N is a positive integer. Furthermore, the N partitions 3 may be spaced apart along the direction from the first frame surface 201 to the third frame surface 203, or they may be spaced apart along the direction from the second frame surface 202 to the fourth frame surface 204.

[0121] Alternatively, referring to Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, the frequency selection surface is omitted in Figure 17 for ease of illustration. In this embodiment, the filter antenna includes multiple partitions 3, and at least one of the multiple partitions 3 is arranged as shown in Figure 15, and at least one of the multiple partitions 3 is arranged as shown in Figure 16. That is, the multiple partitions 3 are arranged in a grid pattern, thereby dividing the cavity of the filter antenna into multiple sub-cavities, each sub-cavity surrounding at least one radiator 3001. This can further improve the normalization design of the filter antenna.

[0122] In the above embodiments, the specific configuration of the filter antenna provided in this application is described using a closed structure for each frame surface of the frame 2 as an example. However, in practical applications, the frame surface of the frame 2 can also be a non-closed structure. For example, referring to Figure 18, which is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, in this embodiment, the frame surface of the frame 2 includes a slot 205. The maximum spacing d1 of the slot 205 satisfies: 0 < d1 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This avoids electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by multiple radiators 3001 from radiating outwards through the slot 205, while also reducing the material used in the frame surface, thereby reducing the weight of the filter antenna.

[0123] In addition, in practical applications, 0 < d1 < 0.5 × λ0 can be made, for example, d1 = 0.1 × λ0, to ensure that the enclosure 2 can effectively block at least a portion of the electromagnetic waves generated by the multiple radiators 3001.

[0124] It is worth mentioning that in the embodiment shown in Figure 18, all four frames of the frame 2 include slots 205. However, in other possible embodiments, at least one frame surface may include a slot 205. Furthermore, this application does not limit the number of slots 205 on each frame surface, in order to improve the design flexibility of the filter antenna.

[0125] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Referring to Figure 19, in this embodiment, each frame surface of the frame 2 includes a plurality of strip structures 206 spaced apart along the X or Y direction. The strip structure 206 may be, but is not limited to, a strip column or a strip plate. Since both the X and Y directions are parallel to the floor 3002, in this application, the X and Y directions can be collectively referred to as the first direction.

[0126] Referring again to Figure 19, the maximum spacing d2 between any two adjacent strip structures 206 satisfies 0 < d2 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This avoids electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by multiple radiators 3001 from radiating outward through the gap between the two strip structures 206, while also reducing the material used in the frame surface, thereby reducing the weight of the filter antenna.

[0127] In addition, in some possible embodiments, 0 < d2 < 0.5 × λ0 can be made, for example, d2 = 0.1 × λ0, to ensure that the enclosure 2 can effectively block at least a portion of the electromagnetic waves generated by the plurality of radiators 3001.

[0128] In practical applications, the spacing between two adjacent strip structures 206 can be the spacing between the center points of the two strip structures 206. Furthermore, two adjacent strip structures 206 can be arranged in parallel or at an angle relative to each other. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 20, when two adjacent strip structures 206 are arranged at an angle relative to each other, since the spacing between the center points of these two strip structures 206 is different, the maximum spacing d2 between the two strip structures 206 can refer to the maximum value among the spacings between the center points of the two strip structures 206.

[0129] It is worth mentioning that in the embodiments shown in Figures 19 and 20, each of the four frame surfaces of the frame 2 includes multiple spaced strip structures 206, which helps to reduce the overall weight of the filter antenna and achieve a lightweight design. In other possible embodiments of this application, at least one frame surface can also adopt the arrangement shown in Figure 19 or Figure 20 to improve the design flexibility of the filter antenna.

[0130] In the above embodiments of this application, the possible configurations of the frame 2 are described using a metal frame as an example. However, the material of the frame 2 is not limited in this application. For example, referring to Figure 21, which is a top view of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, the frame 2 can be made of a material with a high dielectric constant ε≥5 and / or a permeability μ≥5. This material can also serve to block electromagnetic waves.

[0131] As shown in Figure 21, the thickness t of the frame 2 can, for example, satisfy: t ≥ 0.05 × λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna. This ensures that the frame 2 at least partially blocks electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators while avoiding excessive weight of the entire filter antenna.

[0132] Other structures of the filter antenna shown in Figure 21 can be configured with reference to any of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0133] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 22, in this embodiment, at least one of the frame surfaces of the frame 2 includes an electromagnetic metasurface 207. The electromagnetic metasurface 207 may be, for example, a frequency-selective surface, an energy-selective surface, or a high-resistivity surface.

[0134] It is worth mentioning that in this application, the energy selective surface (ESS) is a passive high electromagnetic pulse protection structure, which is developed based on the FSS. The energy selective surface can transmit low-energy electromagnetic signals while isolating high-power signals, realizing adaptive limiting protection for high-power signals, and effectively solving the compatibility problem between radio frequency electromagnetic signal reception and high-power signal protection.

[0135] Furthermore, a high impedance surface (HIS) is a periodic metasurface structure with the properties of an ideal magnetic conductor and exhibits a significant surface wave bandgap. When the incident wave is within its operating frequency band, the high impedance surface does not support the propagation of surface waves.

[0136] In other words, the aforementioned electromagnetic metasurface 207 has the function of selecting electromagnetic waves of radiable frequencies for filtering electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators 3001. It can either allow electromagnetic waves of frequencies that meet the usage requirements to radiate outside the enclosure, or block all electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators 3001. It can be designed according to specific usage requirements and is not limited in this application.

[0137] Other structures of the filter antenna shown in Figure 22 can be configured with reference to any of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0138] It is understood that in this application, the arrangement of the multiple frame surfaces can be the same or different. For example, referring to Figure 23, which is another structural schematic diagram of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, in this embodiment, the first frame surface 201 can adopt the design shown in Figure 18, which includes a slot 205; the second frame surface 202 can adopt the design shown in Figure 19, which includes multiple strip structures 206; the third frame surface 203 can be the closed metal structure shown in Figure 4; and the fourth frame surface 204 can adopt the design shown in Figure 21 or Figure 22.

[0139] Other structures of the filter antenna shown in Figure 23 can be configured with reference to any of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0140] In the above embodiments, a filter antenna including a frame 2, with the frame 2 surrounding all radiators 3001, is used as an example to introduce and demonstrate its structure. In other possible embodiments of this application, such as the embodiment shown in FIG24, the frame 2 of the filter antenna may also be arranged to surround a portion of the radiators 3001, that is, a portion of the radiators 3001 may be located outside the frame 2.

[0141] Alternatively, referring to Figure 25, which is a schematic diagram of another structure of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, a filter antenna may further include multiple frames 2, with different frames 2 surrounding a radiator 3001 for radiating different frequencies. Additionally, the filter antenna may include a frequency selective surface 1, which may cover multiple frames 2, but the arrangement periodicity of the frequency selective surface elements 101 corresponding to different frames 2 areas of the frequency selective surface 1 is different.

[0142] Alternatively, referring to Figure 26, which is another structural schematic diagram of the filter antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, the filter antenna in the embodiment shown in Figure 26, unlike the embodiment shown in Figure 25, includes multiple frequency selective surfaces 1, and the multiple frequency selective surfaces 1 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple frames 2.

[0143] Other structures of the filter antennas shown in Figures 23 to 26 above can be configured with reference to any of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0144] As can be understood from the above description, by adopting the design scheme of the filter antenna provided in this application, at least part of the electromagnetic waves generated by the multiple radiators 3001 are blocked by the frame 2, so that the electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency generated by the multiple radiators 3001 are mainly radiated by the frequency selective surface 1 to achieve air interface filtering, thereby achieving the required out-of-band suppression effect and facilitating the large-angle scanning of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filter antenna.

[0145] The above embodiments are merely exemplary descriptions of the specific configuration of the filter antenna provided in this application. On this basis, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0146] The filtered antenna provided in this application can be used in an antenna feed system 100. Referring to Figure 27, which is a schematic diagram of an antenna feed system 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, the antenna feed system 100 includes a phase shifter 60 in addition to the filtered antenna. The phase shifter 60 is used to adjust the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filtered antenna to change the electrical downtilt angle of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filtered antenna, thereby changing the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the filtered antenna to meet the signal coverage requirements of the filtered antenna.

[0147] Additionally, as shown in Figure 27, the antenna feed system 100 also includes an amplifier 50, which amplifies the electromagnetic waves received or radiated by the filter antenna. Furthermore, the antenna feed system 100 also includes a signal processing module 70, which processes the electromagnetic waves received or transmitted by the filter antenna.

[0148] In practical applications, the filter antennas can be used individually or in an array depending on the specific application scenario. When the filter antennas are used in an array, the antenna feed system 100 includes multiple filter antennas, which are arranged in an array or along the X or Y direction.

[0149] It is worth mentioning that, in this application, the antenna feeder system 100 may include other functional modules in addition to the structure described above. These modules can be specifically configured according to the specific usage requirements of the antenna feeder system 100, and will not be listed here.

[0150] Referring to Figure 3, in a conventional antenna feed system 100, filters 40, amplifiers 50, and phase shifters 60 are all mounted on the RF front-end circuit board 80. Since each radiator is connected to a filter 40, the number of filters 40 in the antenna feed system 100 is relatively large, resulting in a large number of components on the RF front-end circuit board 80 and thus a larger overall size of the antenna feed system 100. Furthermore, referring to Figure 27, the filtering antenna provided in this embodiment blocks at least a portion of the electromagnetic waves generated by multiple radiators through a frame, ensuring that electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies generated by the multiple radiators are primarily radiated by a frequency-selective surface, thereby achieving over-the-air filtering. This avoids the need for additional filters, freeing up more space on the RF front-end circuit board 80, resulting in greater flexibility in its design, lower cost, and easier heat dissipation.

[0151] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A filter antenna, characterized in that, Includes a floor, a frequency-selective surface, multiple radiators, and a frame, wherein: The floor is disposed opposite to the frequency selective surface, and the plurality of radiators are located on the side of the floor facing the frequency selective surface; The enclosure is located between the floor and the frequency selection surface, and is connected to both the floor and the frequency selection surface, and is arranged around the plurality of radiators.

2. The filter antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure is used to block all or part of the electromagnetic waves generated by the plurality of radiators from radiating outwards from the enclosure.

3. The filter antenna as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The enclosure is electrically or coupled to the floor.

4. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The enclosure is electrically or coupled to the frequency selection surface.

5. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The enclosure includes a plurality of enclosure surfaces arranged around the plurality of radiators and connected sequentially, and at least one of the enclosure surfaces includes a slit; The maximum spacing d1 of the slits satisfies: 0 < d1 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna.

6. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The enclosure includes a plurality of enclosure surfaces arranged around the plurality of radiators; along a first direction, at least one of the enclosure surfaces includes a plurality of spaced strip structures, the first direction being a direction parallel to the floor. The maximum spacing d2 between any two adjacent strip structures satisfies: 0 < d2 < λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna.

7. The filter antenna as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The angle θ between each of the frame surfaces and the floor, facing the frequency selection surface, satisfies: 80°<θ≤135°.

8. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The angle α between the plane containing the frequency selection surface and the plane containing the floor satisfies: 0 ≤ α ≤ 45°.

9. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The frequency selective surface includes multiple frequency selective surface units, which are arranged according to a set periodic pattern.

10. The filter antenna as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The frequency selective surface further includes an insulating dielectric substrate, and the plurality of frequency selective surface units include a plurality of metal patches; along a second direction, the plurality of metal patches are located on at least one surface of the insulating dielectric substrate, and the second direction is perpendicular to the ground plane.

11. The filter antenna as described in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The frequency selective surface further includes a metal substrate, and the plurality of frequency selective surface units include a plurality of through holes penetrating the metal substrate.

12. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The maximum distance h between the frequency selection surface and the floor satisfies: 0 < h ≤ 2 × λ0, where λ0 is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the filter antenna.

13. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The filtered antenna further includes N partitions, which are housed within a cavity enclosed by the floor, the frequency selective surface, and the frame; the frame includes a first frame surface and a second frame surface disposed opposite to each other, and the N partitions are spaced apart along the direction from the first frame surface to the second frame surface; At least one of the plurality of radiators is located between any two adjacent partitions, at least one of the plurality of radiators is located between the first frame surface and an adjacent partition, and at least one of the plurality of radiators is located between the second frame surface and an adjacent partition.

14. The filter antenna as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The number of the plurality of radiators is M, 0 < N ≤ (M-1), where M is a positive integer and N is a positive integer.

15. The filter antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The enclosure includes multiple enclosure surfaces arranged around the plurality of radiators.

16. The filter antenna as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The frame or at least one of the frame surfaces is made of metal.

17. The filter antenna as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The dielectric constant ε of the material of the frame or at least one of the frame surfaces is ≥5, and / or the magnetic permeability μ of the material of the frame is ≥5.

18. The filter antenna as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The enclosure or at least one of the enclosure surfaces includes an electromagnetic metasurface.

19. An antenna feeder system, characterized in that, Includes the filter antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The antenna feeder system as described in claim 19, characterized in that, The antenna feed system also includes a phase shifter.

21. The antenna feeder system as described in claim 19 or 20, characterized in that, The antenna system includes multiple filter antennas arranged in an array.

22. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a radio frequency processing unit, a baseband processing unit, and an antenna feed system as described in any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the baseband processing unit is connected to the antenna feed system through the radio frequency processing unit.

23. The communication device as described in claim 22, characterized in that, The radio frequency processing unit and the antenna feed system are integrated into a single design.

24. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes core network equipment and communication equipment as described in claim 22 or 23, wherein the core network equipment is communicatively connected to the communication equipment.

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