Method for transmitting physical layer protocol data unit with high-priority traffic and associated wireless communication device
The HPRB mechanism addresses high collision probabilities in IEEE 802.11 standards by using a dedicated contention window and request-response frames to efficiently contend for channels, ensuring rapid collision convergence and effective transmission of high-priority traffic.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
The IEEE 802.11 standards' Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism leads to high collision probabilities and increased retry operations for high-priority traffic due to large contention windows, especially when multiple wireless devices contend for a channel, resulting in inefficiencies and uncertainty in collision convergence.
A high-priority request-to-response backoff (HPRB) mechanism is introduced, allowing wireless communication devices to quickly contend for a channel by using a dedicated contention window and a request-response frame exchange to determine channel idle times, thereby reducing ineffective short-contention attempts and promoting rapid collision convergence.
The HPRB mechanism enables efficient channel contention for high-priority traffic, reducing collisions and retry operations, ensuring quicker access to the channel and effective transmission without unnecessary delays.
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Figure CN2025145032_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT WITH HIGH-PRIORITY TRAFFIC AND ASSOCIATED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 749,015, filed on January 24th, 2025. The content of the application is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present disclosure is related to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method for transmitting a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high-priority traffic and an associated wireless communication device.
[0004] 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
[0005] In IEEE 802.11 standards, the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism provides multiple access categories (ACs) to prioritize data transmission based on the urgency and importance of the traffic, such as the background AC_BK (AC0) , the best effort AC_BE (AC1) , the video AC_VI (AC2) , and the voice AC_VO (AC3) . Under a situation that the AC3 has a smaller contention window (CW) , if the number of wireless communication devices (e.g., stations (STAs) ) contending for an idle channel is large, the collision probability will be high, which may lead to an increase in the number of retrying operations due to transmission failures, and therefore prevent the collision situation from being converged. In addition, an existing method may increase the number of short-contention attempts in order to increase the chance of collision convergence, which may lead to high overhead and uncertainty in collision convergence (e.g., it cannot determine whether only one wireless communication device remains contending for the channel) .SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is therefore one of the objectives of the present disclosure to provide a method for transmitting a high-priority traffic PPDU by utilizing a high-priority request-to-response backoff (HPRB) mechanism, and an associated wireless communication device, in order to address the above-mentioned issues.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device is provided. The method comprises: in response to a PPDU with high-priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, performing a first type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in an idle state and determine whether a first continuous channel idle time is reached; and in response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the first continuous channel idle time is reached, determining whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence; wherein the first continuous channel idle time is a sum of a Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) and a product of a first random number and a slot time, and the first random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.
[0008] In an embodiment, a sum of the PIFS and a product of the first contention window and the slot time is less than or equal to a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and the slot time.
[0009] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; and in response to a response frame being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high-priority traffic via the channel, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.
[0010] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to the first continuous channel idle time not being reached and the channel is transferred from the idle state to a busy state, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; and in response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an AIFS, the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset AC.
[0011] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; and in response to a response frame not being received, keep performing the first type of backoff procedure for at least one retrying operation, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.
[0012] In an embodiment, during each of the at least one retrying operation, the first random number for generating a random backoff time is an integer value that is re-chosen from a range of zero to the first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.
[0013] In an embodiment, a number of consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure is required to be less than or equal to a specific limit value.
[0014] In an embodiment, the wireless communication device is a station (STA) , and the specific limit value is broadcasted by an access point (AP) .
[0015] In an embodiment, the method further comprises: in response to the number of the consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure reaching the specific limit value, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; and in response detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an AIFS, the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset AC.
[0016] In an embodiment, the request frame comprises a request to send (RTS) frame, and the response frame comprises a clear to send (CTS) frame.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device is provided, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a wireless transceiver circuit and a processor. The wireless transceiver circuit is arranged to perform communications via a channel. The processor is coupled to the wireless transceiver, and is arranged to perform operations comprising: in response to a PPDU with high-priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, performing a first type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in an idle state and determine whether a first continuous channel idle time is reached; and in response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the first continuous channel idle time is reached, determining whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence; wherein the first continuous channel idle time is a sum of a PIFS and a product of a first random number and a slot time, and the first random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.
[0018] One of the benefits of the present disclosure is that, the method proposed by the present disclosure enables a wireless communication device with high-priority traffic requirements to contend for a channel more quickly and efficiently than a wireless communication device performing a conventional backoff procedure. In addition, the method also allows collision events to converge rapidly without the need for ineffective short contentions.
[0019] These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between possible TX time points of the HPRB procedure and the earliest TX time point of the conventional backoff procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of collision convergence achieved by the HPRB procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a high-priority traffic PPDU with aid of the HPRB mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims, which refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, electronic equipment manufacturers may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not in function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to ... " .
[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the wireless communication device 100 may operate according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, the wireless communication device 100 may be implemented as an access point (AP) and may also be implemented as a non-AP station (STA) , depending upon actual design requirements. As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication device 100 may include a wireless transceiver circuit 102 (such as one or more transceiver) , at least one antenna 104, and a processor 106. The wireless transceiver circuit 102 may be arranged to perform communications via a channel, for example, receive a wireless signal from a wireless transmission channel CHL (hereinafter denoted by “the channel CHL” for brevity) via the at least one antenna 104, and process the wireless signal to obtain a received frame / packet. The wireless transceiver circuit 102 may also process a frame / packet to be transmitted in order to obtain a corresponding signal as a wireless signal, and transmit the wireless signal via the at least one antenna 104. The processor 106 may be arranged to perform operations / method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] Under a situation that multiple wireless communication devices are required to transmit multiple physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs; e.g., multiple PPDUs with high-priority traffic, which are also referred to as high-priority traffic PPDUs) on the same channel CHL, the multiple wireless communication devices need to contend for the channel CHL in order to gain transmission opportunities. For example, the high-priority (HP) traffic may be the traffic classified into the voice AC_VO (i.e., AC3) defined in the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism, and, for ease of explanation and understanding, the AC3 may be a preset access category for the subsequent operations, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, if a station has urgent traffic requirements (e.g., a PPDU about to expire is required to be transmitted by the station via the same channel CHL) , the urgent traffic may also be referred to as the high-priority traffic, even though the traffic may be AC2. In this example, when resuming from a first-type backoff (HBRP) procedure to a second-type (normal) backoff procedure, the preset access category is AC2. For another example, the high-priority traffic may be the traffic which may be classified into the higher version of the AC3 (such as a new AC3+ or AC4) . That is, the PPDU with the high-priority traffic can be defined according to the usage scenario as a PPDU carrying specific types of traffic. For example, the specific type of traffic can be the traffic with the highest access priority among multiple access categories (ACs) , the traffic with latency requirements less than a preset value (Low Latency Traffic) , and / or the traffic that urgently needs to be transmitted, among others.
[0027] During the process of contending for the channel CHL, each wireless communication device may start to perform at least one backoff procedure specified by existing IEEE 802.11 standards. Take the high-priority traffic classified as the AC3 as an example (i.e., the preset access category is the AC3) . The minimum contention window value (denoted by “CWmin” ) for the AC3 is equal to 3 (i.e., CWmin (AC3) = 3) , and the maximum contention window value (denoted by “CWmax” ) for the AC3 is equal to 7 (i.e., CWmax (AC3) = 7) . It is noted that a contention window (denoted by “CW” ) for the 1st backoff procedure is CWmin, and the wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range of zero to the contention window CW and perform the 1st backoff procedure according to the chosen integer value. Under a situation that an initial contention window is three, the corresponding wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range of zero to three, and perform the 1st backoff procedure according to the chosen integer value, wherein the chosen integer value is used as the initial value of a backoff counter for the 1st backoff procedure, and the backoff counter indicates the number of time slots (SLs) for the backoff procedure (e.g., the backoff time is equal to the backoff counter multiplied by a slot time) ; and the wireless communication device is required to wait for a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , the backoff time, and an additional slot time before transmitting PPDUs via the channel CHL. That is, the wireless communication device may detect whether the channel CHL is in an idle state and determine whether a continuous channel idle time is reached (i.e., a conventional backoff procedure specified by existing IEEE 802.11 standards is performed) in order to determine whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence, wherein the continuous channel idle time is at least a sum of an AIFS and a slot time when the chosen integer value is zero.
[0028] If frames / PPDUs transmitted by at least two wireless communication devices among the multiple wireless communication devices collide with each other on the channel CHL (backoff failure) , the contention window for a next backoff procedure may be modified according to a formula ( [CW+1] *2 -1) until it reaches CWmax. Hence, the contention window for a 2nd backoff procedure may be modified from three to seven, and each wireless communication device may randomly choose an integer value from a range zero to seven as another backoff counter and perform the 2nd backoff procedure, for performing a next retrying operation. However, if the number of wireless communication devices contending for the channel CHL is large, the collision probability will be high, which may lead to an increase in the number of retrying operations due to transmission failures, and therefore prevent the collision situation from being converged.
[0029] In order to address the above-mentioned issue, the present disclosure proposes a high-priority request-to-response backoff (HPRB) mechanism (e.g., an HPRB procedure) , which can explicitly determine whether the collision event is converged, and can avoid performing ineffective short-contention attempts. For example, a communication device adopting the HPRB mechanism may transmit a request frame (i.e., a first frame) to a target device, and the target device may transmit a response frame (i.e., a second frame) to the wireless communication device in response to reception of the request frame. In response to reception of the response frame, the communication device can start to transmit a PPDU with high-priority traffic to the target device. It is noted that the request frame and the response frame may refer to any frames in the “request-to-response (RTR) ” mechanism. For example, the request frame refers to any frame that can be used to request a response from the other party, and the response frame is the corresponding response that the other party should return after receiving the request frame. In the following embodiments, a request to send (RTS) frame and a clear to send (CTS) frame may respectively act as the request frame and the response frame, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any RTR frame that can be utilized by the present disclosure falls within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, an initial control frame (ICF) and an initial control response (ICR) can respectively act as the request frame and the response frame in order to achieve the HPRB mechanism of the present disclosure. In another example, a buffer status report poll (BSRP) frame and a buffer status report (BSR) frame can respectively act as the request frame and the response frame in order to achieve the HPRB mechanism of the present disclosure.
[0030] In this embodiment, when the wireless communication device 100 has a high-priority traffic requirement (e.g., requires to transmit a high-priority traffic PPDU via the channel CHL) , the HPRB mechanism can be adopted (i.e., the HPRB procedure can be performed) . In response to the HPRB procedure being performed, a random number (RN) may be chosen from a range of zero to a contention window CW_HPRB dedicated to the high-priority traffic. Hence, the wireless communication device 100 may determine whether the channel is in an idle state and whether a first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT is reached (i.e., the HPRB procedure is performed) , in order to determine whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence (e.g., the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism) , wherein the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT is a sum of a Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) and a product of the random number and a slot time (i.e., F_CCIT = PIFS + RN *slot time) . It is noted that the product of the random number and a slot time can be regarded as a random backoff time.
[0031] In response to the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT being reached, the wireless communication device 100 may transmit an RTS frame via the channel CHL at an ending time point of the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT, i.e., the transmission of a frame exchange sequence may be initiated. After the RTS frame is transmitted via the channel CHL, the wireless communication device 100 may determine whether a CTS frame is received from a target device via the channel CHL (e.g., whether the channel CHL is in the idle state within the subsequent PIFS) . In response to the CTS frame not being received from the target device via the channel CHL (e.g., the channel CHL being in the idle state within the subsequent PIFS) , it may mean that the target device does not receive / decode the RTS frame successfully and therefore does not transmit the CTS frame via the channel CHL, and the wireless communication device 100 may keep performing the HPRB procedure for at least one retrying operation. During each retrying operation, the random number is re-chosen between zero and the same contention window CW_HPRB.
[0032] In response to the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT not being reached and the channel is transferred from the idle state to a busy state, the wireless communication device 100 should stop performing the HPRB procedure, and revert to perform the conventional (i.e., normal) backoff procedure specified by existing IEEE 802.11 standards. For example, in response to determining to perform the conventional backoff procedure, the wireless communication device 100 may detect whether the channel CHL is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is reached, in order to (re-) determine whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence (e.g., the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism) via the channel CHL, wherein the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is at least a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and one slot time. For example, when the random number is chosen as zero during the conventional backoff procedure, the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is equal to the sum of the AIFS and one slot time (i.e., S_CCIT =AIFS + slot time) .
[0033] It should be noted that, a sum of a PIFS and a product of the contention window CW_HPRB and the slot time is required to be less than or equal to a sum of an AIFS and one slot time (i.e., PIFS + CW_HPRB *slot time ≤ AIFS + 1 slot time) , in order to achieve the collision convergence. For the conventional backoff procedure, since a time point where the channel CHL is transferred from the busy state to the idle state, the sum of the AIFS and one slot time is the minimum waiting time (i.e., the shortest continuous idle time of the channel CHL) for a wireless communication device with the high-priority traffic requirement classified into the AC3 to perform transmission via the channel CHL.
[0034] In addition, if only one wireless communication device transmits an RTS frame via the channel CHL without any collision occurring after multiple rounds of channel contention, a target device of the wireless communication device may transmit a CTS frame via the channel CHL in response to reception of the RTS frame, thus indicating that the collision has converged. In response to reception of the CTS frame, the wireless communication device may terminate the use of the HPRB procedure and revert to the above-mentioned conventional backoff procedure.
[0035] In this embodiment, assume that the wireless communication device 100 adopting the HPRB mechanism is a station (STA) , and is one of STAs within a basic service set (BSS) managed by an access point (AP) . The AP may define and broadcast a specific limit value RTR_RETR_LIMIT (e.g., the specific limit value RTR_RETR_LIMIT is carried in a broadcasted beacon frame) , wherein a number of consecutive transmissions of the RTS frame during the HPRB procedure is required to be less than or equal to the specific limit value RTR_RETR_LIMIT. In response to the number of the consecutive transmissions of the RTS frame during the HPRB procedure reaching the specific limit value RTR_RETR_LIMIT, the wireless communication device 100 must stop performing the HPRB procedure, and revert to perform the conventional backoff procedure.
[0036] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between possible TX time points of the HPRB procedure and the earliest TX time point of the conventional backoff procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Assume that the contention window CW_HPRB of the HPRB procedure is equal to two (i.e., CW_HPRB = 2) , and the conventional backoff procedure corresponds to the AC3 (e.g., the AIFS is equal to a sum of a Short Interframe Space (SIFS) and two slot times, i.e., AIFS = SIFS + 2 *slot times) , wherein the limitation condition “PIFS +CW_HPRB *slot time ≤ AIFS + 1 slot time” of the HPRB procedure is satisfied (e.g., PIFS + 2 *slot times ≤ SIFS + 3 slot times) .
[0037] As shown in FIG. 2, the channel CHL is transferred from the busy state to the idle state at a time point T0. At this moment, a wireless communication device performing the conventional backoff procedure should wait for the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT (which is a sum of an AIFS, a product of a random number and a slot time, and an additional slot time) , and then start to perform transmission via the channel CHL at an ending time point of the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT. For example, under a situation that the random number is chosen as zero from a range of zero to the minimum contention window associated with the preset access category (e.g., the AC3) , a time interval between the time point T0 and the earliest transmission (TX) time point (shown as a downward dashed arrow in FIG. 2) of the conventional backoff procedure is a sum of an SIFS and three slot times.
[0038] For a wireless communication device performing the HPRB procedure, under a condition that the contention window CW_HPRB is equal to two, the random number chosen from a range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB may be zero, one, or two. As a result, a time interval between the time point T0 and possible TX time points (shown as upward solid arrows in FIG. 2) of the HPRB procedure may be a PIFS (which is equal to a sum of an SIFS and a slot time) , a sum of a PIFS and one slot time, or a sum of a PIFS and two slot times.
[0039] In this embodiment, under a situation that the random number chosen from the range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB is two and the time interval between the time point T0 and the TX time point of the HPRB procedure is a sum of a PIFS and 2 slot times, and only a communication device performing the HPRB procedure and another communication device performing the AC3 backoff procedure simultaneously contend for the channel CHL, an RTS frame transmitted by the wireless communication device performing the HPRB procedure may only potentially collide with that transmitted at the earliest TX time by the wireless communication device performing the AC3 backoff procedure. Therefore, the wireless communication device performing the HPRB procedure has a high probability of successfully contending for the channel CHL.
[0040] In order to further illustrate the collision convergence effect of the HPRB procedure, refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of collision convergence achieved by the HPRB mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Assume that each of multiple STAs 300, 302, 304, and 306 has high-priority traffic requirements and adopts the HPRB mechanism, and may be implemented by the wireless communication device 100 shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the contention window CW_HPRB is equal to two (i.e., CW_HPRB = 2) , but the present invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the contention window CW_HPRB can also be zero or one. For better comprehension, the following descriptions will be based on three time periods P1–P3.
[0041] During the time period P1, the channel CHL is transferred from the busy state to the idle state at a time point T1, and each STA starts to perform the HPRB procedure. Each of the STAs 300, 302, and 304 may choose zero from a range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) for acting as the random number, and will transmit an RTS frame via the channel CHL after detecting that the channel CHL remains idle during the PIFS (labeled as “PIFS + 0S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T1. The STA 306 may choose two from the range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) for acting as the random number, and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (PIFS + 2 slot times; labeled as “PIFS +2S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T1 before transmitting an RTS frame. Before the required continuous channel idle time with a length of PIFS plus 2 slot times is reached, the STA 306 detects that the channel CHL is transferred to the busy state, for example, due to the RTS frame transmission of the STAs 300, 302, and 304. As a result, when the channel CHL is transferred back to the idle state again at a time point T2, the STA 306 may stop performing the HPRB procedure and revert to perform the conventional backoff procedure.
[0042] In addition, the RTS frames simultaneously transmitted by the STAs 300, 302, and 304 via the channel CHL make a collision event occur. Under this situation, when the channel CHL is transferred back to the idle state again at the time point T2, the STAs 300, 302, and 304 may keep performing the HPRB procedure in order to contend for the channel CHL. In detail, at the time point T2 corresponding to the end of the RTS frame transmission, each of the STAs 300, 302, and 304 may detect whether a corresponding CTS frame is received during the subsequent PIFS, for determining whether to keep performing the HPRB procedure. Since the occurrence of the collision event, any of the STAs 300, 302, and 304 will not receive a CTS frame from a target device, for example, the channel CHL is in the idle state during the subsequent PIFS. Under this situation, each of the STAs 300, 302, and 304 may keep performing the HPRB procedure.
[0043] Assume that the conventional backoff procedure corresponds to the AC3, and the minimum contention window of the AC3 is equal to three. During the time period P2, the STA 306 performing the conventional backoff procedure may choose three as the random number from a range of zero to the minimum contention window (= 3) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (AIFS + 1 slot time + 3 *slot times; labeled as “AIFS + 1S + 3S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T2 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL. Each of the STA 302 and 304 performing the HPRB procedure may choose one as the random number from a range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (PIFS + 1 *slot time; labeled as “PIFS + 1S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T2 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL. The STA 300 performing the HPRB procedure may choose two as the random number from a range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (PIFS + 2 *slot times; labeled as “PIFS + 2S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T2 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL.
[0044] Before the required continuous channel idle time with a length of PIFS plus 2 slot times is reached, the STA 300 detects that the channel CHL is transferred to the busy state, for example, due to the RTS frame transmission of the STAs 302 and 304. As a result, when the channel CHL is transferred back to the idle state again at a time point T3, the STA 300 may stop performing the HPRB procedure and revert to perform the conventional backoff procedure. The RTS frames simultaneously transmitted by the STAs 302 and 304 via the channel CHL make a collision event occur. Under this situation, when the channel CHL is transferred back to the idle state again at the time point T3, the STAs 302 and 304 may keep performing the HPRB procedure in order to contend for the channel CHL. In detail, at the time point T3 corresponding to the end of the RTS frame transmission, each of the STAs 302 and 304 may detect whether a corresponding CTS frame is received during the subsequent PIFS, for determining whether to keep performing the HPRB procedure. Since the occurrence of the collision event, any of the STAs 302 and 304 will not receive a CTS frame from a target device, for example, the channel CHL is in the idle state during the subsequent PIFS. Under this situation, each of the STAs 302 and 304 may keep performing the HPRB procedure.
[0045] During the time period P3, the STA 300 performing the conventional backoff procedure may regard the operations performed during the time period P2 as the 1st retrying operation (e.g., contention window = (3 + 1) *2 –1 = 7) , and start to perform the 2nd retrying operation (e.g., the contention window remains as 7) via the conventional backoff procedure. For the2nd retrying operation, the STA 300 may choose five as the random number from a range of zero to the contention window (= 7) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (AIFS + 1 slot time + 5 *slot times; labeled as “AIFS + 1S + 5S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T3 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL. This is for illustration only, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the operations performed during the time period P3 and regarding to the normal backoff procedure may be directly regarded as the 1st retrying operation. The STA 306 performing the conventional backoff procedure may attempt to perform a countdown operation upon the previously chosen random number “3” (labeled as “AIFS + 1S + 3S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) . The STA 302 performing the HPRB procedure may choose one as the random number from a range of 0 to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (PIFS + 1 *slot time; labeled as “PIFS + 1S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T3 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL. The STA 304 performing the HPRB procedure may choose two as the random number from a range of 0 to the contention window CW_HPRB (= 2) , and should wait until the channel CHL remains idle for a time duration (PIFS + 2 *slot times; labeled as “PIFS + 2S” in FIG. 3 for brevity) starting from the time point T3 before transmitting an RTS frame via the channel CHL. Under this situation, the STA 302 can successfully contend for the channel CHL and transmit an RTS frame (i.e., initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence) to a target device (e.g., an AP 308) via the channel CHL. In response to reception of the RTS frame, the AP 308 may transmit a CTS frame to the STA 302 via the channel CHL. In response to reception of the CTS frame, the STA 302 can start to transmit a high-priority traffic PPDU (labeled as “HP PPDU” in FIG. 3) to the AP 308 via the channel CHL.
[0046] In this embodiment, during each of the time periods P1, P2, and P3, if a required continuous channel idle time is not reached and an STA performing the HPRB procedure detects the channel CHL is transferred to the busy state, the STA will revert to perform a conventional backoff procedure in a next time period (i.e., in another backoff procedure) . In this way, the number of STAs contending for the channel CHL can be gradually reduced, and thereby achieving the collision convergence when only one STA performing the HPRB procedure successfully contends for the channel CHL.
[0047] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting a high-priority traffic PPDU with aid of the HPRB mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Provided that the result is substantially the same, the steps are not required to be executed in the exact order shown in FIG. 4. For example, the method shown in FIG. 4 may be employed by the wireless communication device 100 (more particularly, the processor 106 thereof) shown in FIG. 1.
[0048] In Step S400, in response to a PPDU with high-priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, a first type of backoff procedure (i.e., the HPRB procedure) is performed to detect whether the channel CHL is in an idle state and determine whether the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT is reached.
[0049] In Step S402, in response to detecting that the channel CHL is in the idle state and determining that the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT is reached, determining whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence (e.g., the RTS / CTS frame exchange mechanism) , wherein the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT is a sum of a PIFS and a product of a first random number and a slot time (i.e., F_CCIT = PIFS + RN *slot time) , and the first random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to the contention window CW_HPRB dedicated to the high-priority traffic.
[0050] In an embodiment, a sum of the PIFS and a product of the first contention window and the slot time is less than or equal to a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and the slot time.
[0051] In an embodiment, in response to the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT being reached, the wireless communication device 100 may transmit a request frame via the channel; and in response to a response frame, being received, the wireless communication device 100 may transmit the PPDU with the high-priority traffic via the channel, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.
[0052] In an embodiment, in response to the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT not being reached and the channel is transferred from the idle state to a busy state, the wireless communication device 100 may stop performing the first type of backoff procedure, and perform a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel CHL is in the idle state and determine whether the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is reached. Then, in response to detecting that the channel CHL is in the idle state and determine that the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is reached, the wireless communication device 100 may re-determine whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is a sum of an AIFS, the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset AC.
[0053] In an embodiment, in response to the first continuous channel idle time F_CCIT being reached, the wireless communication device 100 may transmit a request frame via the channel; and in response to a response frame not being received, the wireless communication device 100 may keep performing the first type of backoff procedure for at least one retrying operation, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.
[0054] In an embodiment, during each of the at least one retrying operation, the first random number for generating a random backoff time is an integer value that is re-chosen from a range of zero to the first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.
[0055] In an embodiment, a number of consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure is required to be less than or equal to a specific limit value. Further, in an embodiment, in response to the number of the consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure reaching the specific limit value, the wireless communication device 100 may stop performing the first type of backoff procedure, and perform a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel CHL is in the idle state and determine whether the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is reached. In response to detecting that the channel CHL is in the idle state and determine that the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is reached, the wireless communication device 100 may (re-) determine whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time S_CCIT is a sum of an AIFS, the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset access category (AC) .
[0056] In an embodiment, the wireless communication device is a station (STA) , and the specific limit value is broadcasted by an access point (AP) .
[0057] Since a person skilled in the pertinent art can readily understand details of the steps after reading above paragraphs, further description is omitted here for brevity.
[0058] In summary, the method proposed by the present disclosure enables a wireless communication device with high-priority traffic requirements to contend for a channel more quickly and efficiently than a wireless communication device performing a conventional backoff procedure. In addition, the method also allows collision events to converge rapidly without the need for ineffective short contentions.
[0059] Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method for performing communications via a channel by a wireless communication device, comprising:in response to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high-priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, performing a first type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in an idle state and determine whether a first continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the first continuous channel idle time is reached, determining whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence;wherein the first continuous channel idle time is a sum of a Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) and a product of a first random number and a slot time, and the first random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.2.The method of claim 1, wherein a sum of the PIFS and a product of the first contention window and the slot time is less than or equal to a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and the slot time.3.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; andin response to a response frame being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high-priority traffic via the channel, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.4.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in response to the first continuous channel idle time not being reached and the channel is transferred from the idle state to a busy state, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset access category (AC) .5.The method of claim 1, further comprising:in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; andin response to a response frame not being received, keep performing the first type of backoff procedure for at least one retrying operation, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.6.The method of claim 5, wherein during each of the at least one retrying operation, the first random number for generating a random backoff time is an integer value that is re-chosen from a range of zero to the first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.7.The method of claim 5, wherein a number of consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure is required to be less than or equal to a specific limit value.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the wireless communication device is a station (STA) , and the specific limit value is broadcasted by an access point (AP) .9.The method of claim 7, further comprising:in response to the number of the consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure reaching the specific limit value, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset access category (AC) .10.The method of claim 1, wherein the request frame comprises a request to send (RTS) frame, and the response frame comprises a clear to send (CTS) frame.11.A wireless communication device, comprising:a wireless transceiver circuit, arranged to perform communications via a channel; anda processor, coupled to the wireless transceiver circuit, wherein the processor performs operations comprising:in response to a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) with high-priority traffic being expected to be transmitted, performing a first type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in an idle state and determine whether a first continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the first continuous channel idle time is reached, determining whether to initiate a transmission of a frame exchange sequence;wherein the first continuous channel idle time is a sum of a Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) and a product of a first random number and a slot time, and the first random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.12.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein a sum of the PIFS and a product of the first contention window and the slot time is less than or equal to a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and the slot time.13.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; andin response to a response frame being received, transmitting the PPDU with the high-priority traffic via the channel, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.14.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to the first continuous channel idle time not being reached and the channel is transferred from the idle state to a busy state, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset access category (AC) .15.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to the first continuous channel idle time being reached, transmitting a request frame via the channel; andin response to a response frame not being received, keep performing the first type of backoff procedure for at least one retrying operation, wherein the response frame corresponds to the request frame.16.The wireless communication device of claim 15, wherein during each of the at least one retry operation, the first random number for generating a random backoff time is an integer value that is re-chosen from a range of zero to the first contention window dedicated to the high-priority traffic.17.The wireless communication device of claim 15, wherein a number of consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure is required to be less than or equal to a specific limit value.18.The wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the wireless communication device is a station (STA) , and the specific limit value is broadcasted by an access point (AP) .19.The wireless communication device of claim 17, wherein the operations performed by the processor further comprise:in response to the number of the consecutive transmissions of the request frame during the first type of backoff procedure reaching the specific limit value, stopping performing the first type of backoff procedure, and performing a second type of backoff procedure to detect whether the channel is in the idle state and determine whether a second continuous channel idle time is reached; andin response to detecting that the channel is in the idle state and determining that the second continuous channel idle time is reached, re-determining whether to initiate the transmission of the frame exchange sequence, wherein the second continuous channel idle time is a sum of an arbitration interframe space (AIFS) , the slot time, and a product of a second random number and the slot time, and the second random number is set to an integer value chosen from a range of zero to a second contention window associated with a preset access category (AC) .20.The wireless communication device of claim 11, wherein the request frame comprises a request to send (RTS) frame, and the response frame comprises a clear to send (CTS) frame.