Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method and an apparatus. The method comprises: determining a first root, wherein when a frequency offset of an LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, an equivalent time domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold; and sending or receiving a first LP-SS, wherein the first LP-SS is determined on the basis of a first ZC sequence, and the first ZC sequence is determined on the basis of the first root. The first root meeting the characteristic enables a correlation peak corresponding to a real signal, among correlation peaks corresponding to the first LP-SS, to fall within the range of a detection window, so that a signal receiving end can implement successful demodulation, thereby increasing the demodulation success rate of the first LP-SS, and also improving time-frequency synchronization performance.

Description

A communication method and apparatus

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510127609.3, filed on January 27, 2025, entitled "A Communication Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0004] In wireless communication systems, the ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequence is a commonly used sequence. The ZC sequence can be used to generate synchronization signals or reference signals in the communication system.

[0005] For signals generated from ZC sequences, the receiver can use a coherent receiver for demodulation. This coherent receiver samples the received signal and correlates the sampled result with the local ZC sequence to obtain the demodulation result based on the position of the correlation peak. Some low-cost, low-power coherent receivers exist in the network, but these use crystal oscillators with lower precision. Using such crystals for down-conversion and demodulation may introduce frequency shifts. If a frequency shift is introduced into the ZC sequence, it may cause a shift in the time-domain position of the correlation peak, potentially leading to coherent demodulation failure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and apparatus for improving the demodulation success rate of signals.

[0007] Firstly, a first communication method is provided, which is applied to a first device. The first device is, for example, a terminal-side device, which can be understood as a terminal device. That is, the method can be executed by the terminal device, or by other devices including terminal device functions, or by a chip system (or chip) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of the terminal device, such as being disposed within the terminal device. Alternatively, the first device is, for example, a network-side device, which can be understood as a network device. That is, the method can be executed by a network device, or by other devices including network device functions, or by a chip system (or chip) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of the network device, such as being disposed within the network device. Hereinafter, the method being executed by a network device is taken as an example. This network device includes, for example, access network equipment, such as a base station. The method includes: determining a first root, wherein when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold (or, when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is greater than the first threshold); transmitting or receiving a first LP-SS, the first LP-SS being determined based on a first ZC sequence (or, the first LP-SS corresponding to a first ZC sequence), the first ZC sequence being determined based on the first root (or, the first ZC sequence corresponding to the first root).

[0008] This application embodiment considers that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, this application embodiment can select a suitable root for signals using the ZC sequence. For example, for a first LP-SS, a first root can be selected. The first root satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold. This can be understood as follows: if the ZC sequence using the first root has a frequency offset, the resulting time-domain offset will be larger. When the receiver of the first LP-SS performs coherent demodulation on the first LP-SS, although multiple correlation peaks may be obtained, due to the characteristics of the first root, the time-domain interval of each correlation peak is large. For example, only the correlation peak corresponding to the real signal may fall within the detection window range. Therefore, the signal receiver can demodulate successfully, improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-SS and also improving the time-frequency synchronization performance.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the first root belongs to a first root set, wherein any one of at least one root in the first root set satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the any one root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than the first threshold; or satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the any one root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is greater than the first threshold. It can be understood that the at least one root in the first root set can be applied to LP-SS. The at least one root may be, for example, some or all of the roots included in the first root set.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the first root set further includes a second root, which satisfies the following conditions: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold; or it satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to the second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to the second threshold. The first root set may include only roots applicable to LP-SS, or it may include other roots. For example, the first root set may also include a second root, for example, applicable to LP-WUS. That is, the first root set can be implemented in various ways.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the first root set satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 31, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 59, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44. The first root set is given the roots that can be included. Optionally, the first root set may include other roots in addition to these, without restriction.

[0012] In one alternative implementation, the first root is determined based on first signaling from the network device; the first root is determined from a first root set based on the identifier of a first cell, where the first cell is the cell transmitting the first LP-SS; or, the first root is determined from the first root set based on the index of a first time unit, where the first time unit is the time unit for transmitting the first LP-SS. Both the signal transmitter and the signal receiver can determine the first root in various ways, offering considerable flexibility.

[0013] In one optional implementation, the first threshold is greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window, which is used to detect the first LP-SS. Having the first threshold greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window allows for a greater time-domain distance between the correlation peak caused by frequency offset in the LP-SS and the correlation peak of the actual signal. For example, the correlation peak caused by frequency offset may fall outside the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window, while within the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window, there may only be the correlation peak of the actual signal. This reduces the probability of false detection at the signal receiver and improves time-frequency synchronization performance.

[0014] Secondly, a second communication method is provided, which is applied to a first device. The first device is, for example, a terminal-side device or a network-side device; for an introduction to the terminal-side device or network-side device, please refer to the first aspect. The method includes: determining a first root, wherein the first root belongs to a first root set; sending or receiving a first LP-SS, wherein the first LP-SS is determined based on a first ZC sequence (or, the first LP-SS corresponds to the first ZC sequence), and the first ZC sequence is determined based on the first root (or, the first ZC sequence corresponds to the first root); wherein the first root set satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17 ...3, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17; When the length of the ZC sequence is 31, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 59, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44.

[0015] In one alternative implementation, the first root is determined based on a first signaling from a network device; the first root is determined from the first root set based on the identifier of a first cell, the first cell being the cell transmitting the first LP-SS; or, the first root is determined from the first root set based on the index of a first time unit, the first time unit being the time unit for transmitting the first LP-SS.

[0016] In an optional implementation, the first root set further satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 31, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53 ... The first root set further includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 59, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126.

[0017] In an alternative implementation, the first root set is also used for LP-WUS.

[0018] For the technical effects of the second aspect or various alternative implementation methods, please refer to the introduction of the technical effects of the first aspect or corresponding implementation methods.

[0019] Thirdly, a third communication method is provided, which is applied to a second device. The second device is, for example, a terminal-side device or a network-side device; for a description of the terminal-side device or network-side device, please refer to the first aspect. The method includes: determining a third root, wherein when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the third root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold (or, when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the third root is less than or equal to the second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to the second threshold); transmitting or receiving a first LP-WUS, the first LP-WUS being determined based on a second ZC sequence (or, the first LP-WUS corresponding to a second ZC sequence), the second ZC sequence being determined based on the third root (or, the second ZC sequence corresponding to the third root).

[0020] This application embodiment considers that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, this application embodiment can select a suitable root for signals using ZC sequences. For example, for the first LP-WUS, a third root can be selected. The third root satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the third root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is less than or equal to a second threshold. This can be understood as follows: if the ZC sequence using the third root has a frequency offset, the resulting time-domain offset is smaller. When the receiver of the first LP-WUS performs coherent demodulation on the first LP-WUS, the correlation value corresponding to the actual first LP-WUS can always be greater than other correlation values. Therefore, the signal receiver can successfully demodulate, improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-WUS.

[0021] In one optional implementation, the third root belongs to the second root set, wherein any one of at least one root in the second root set satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the any one root is less than or equal to the second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to the second threshold; or satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the any one root is less than or equal to the second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to the second threshold. It can be understood that the at least one root in the second root set can be applied to LP-WUS. The at least one root may be, for example, some or all of the roots included in the second root set.

[0022] In one optional implementation, the second root set further includes a fourth root, which satisfies the following conditions: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold; or when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is greater than the first threshold. The second root set may include only roots applicable to LP-WUS, or it may include other roots. For example, the second root set may also include a fourth root, which may be applicable to LP-SS, for example. That is, the second root set can be implemented in various ways.

[0023] In one optional implementation, the second root set satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the second ZC sequence is 23, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 29, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 31, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 53, ... The second root set includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 59, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 61, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the second ZC sequence is 127, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126. Optionally, in addition to these roots, the second root set may also include other roots, without limitation.

[0024] In one alternative implementation, the third root is determined based on second signaling from the network device; the third root is determined from the second root set based on the identifier of the second cell, which is the cell transmitting the first LP-WUS; or, the third root is determined from the second root set based on the index of the second time unit, which is the time unit for transmitting the first LP-WUS. Both the signal transmitter and the signal receiver can determine the third root in various ways, offering considerable flexibility.

[0025] In one optional implementation, the second threshold is greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the second detection window, which is used to detect the first LP-WUS. This second threshold ensures that the correlation value corresponding to the actual first LP-WUS is always greater than other correlation values, thus enabling successful demodulation at the signal receiver and improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-WUS.

[0026] Fourthly, a fourth communication method is provided, which is applied to a third device. The third device is, for example, a terminal-side device or a network-side device; for an introduction to the terminal-side device or network-side device, please refer to the first aspect. The method includes: transmitting or receiving a second LP-SS, the second LP-SS comprising M modulation symbols, of which N modulation symbols indicate a third value, wherein the N modulation symbols correspond to N ZC sequences, at least two of the N ZC sequences have different roots, M is a positive integer, and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

[0027] This application embodiment takes into account that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, this application embodiment can select a suitable root for signals using ZC sequences. For example, for the second LP-SS, at least two roots of the N ZC sequences on N modulation symbols can be different, thereby improving the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver based on the second LP-SS.

[0028] In one optional implementation, the modulation scheme corresponding to the M modulation symbols is OOK modulation.

[0029] In one alternative implementation, the third value is 1 or on. For modulation symbols indicating 1 or on, ZC sequences can be carried, and embodiments of this application can make these ZC sequences correspond to different roots.

[0030] In one optional implementation, the roots of any two ZC sequences among the N ZC sequences are different. Alternatively, the roots of all N ZC sequences are different, which can further improve the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver based on the second LP-SS.

[0031] In one optional implementation, the root of any ZC sequence among the N ZC sequences satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the root of any ZC sequence is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold; or satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the root of any ZC sequence is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to a second threshold.

[0032] In one optional implementation, the roots of the N ZC sequences belong to a third root set, which satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the ZC sequence is 23, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the ZC sequence is 29, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the ZC sequence is 31, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the ZC sequence is... When the length is 53, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the ZC sequence is 59, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the ZC sequence is 61, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the ZC sequence is 127, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126.

[0033] Regarding the technical effects of the optional implementation methods in the fourth aspect, one or more of the following can be referenced: a description of the technical effects of the first aspect or corresponding implementation method, a description of the technical effects of the second aspect or corresponding implementation method, or a description of the technical effects of the third aspect or corresponding implementation method.

[0034] Fifthly, a communication device is provided. The communication device can implement the functions of the first device described in the first or second aspect, the second device described in the third aspect, or the third device described in the fourth aspect. The communication device possesses the functions of the first, second, or third device. The communication device is, for example, a terminal device, or other device including terminal device functions, or a chip system (or chip) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of the terminal device, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed in the terminal device. Alternatively, the communication device is, for example, a network device, or other device including network device functions, or a chip system (or chip) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of a network device, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed in the network device. The network device includes, for example, access network devices and / or core network devices. In one optional implementation, the communication device includes a baseband device and a radio frequency device. In another optional implementation, the communication device includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a transceiver unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module). A transceiver unit can perform both sending and receiving functions. When the transceiver unit performs the sending function, it can be called a sending unit (sometimes also called a sending module), and when it performs the receiving function, it can be called a receiving unit (sometimes also called a receiving module). The sending unit and the receiving unit can be the same functional module, which is called the transceiver unit and can perform both sending and receiving functions; or, the sending unit and the receiving unit can be different functional modules, and the transceiver unit is a collective term for these functional modules.

[0035] In one optional implementation, the processing unit is configured to determine a first root, wherein when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold; the transceiver unit is configured to transmit or receive a first LP-SS, the first LP-SS being determined based on a first ZC sequence (or, the first LP-SS corresponding to a first ZC sequence), the first ZC sequence being determined based on the first root (or, the first ZC sequence corresponding to the first root).

[0036] In one optional implementation, the processing unit is configured to determine a first root, wherein the first root belongs to a first root set; the transceiver unit is configured to send or receive a first LP-SS, wherein the first LP-SS is determined based on a first ZC sequence (or, the first LP-SS corresponds to the first ZC sequence), and the first ZC sequence is determined based on the first root (or, the first ZC sequence corresponds to the first root); wherein the first root set satisfies one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set includes 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17. The first root set includes at least one of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 31, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 59, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set includes at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44.

[0037] In one optional implementation, the processing unit is configured to determine a third root, wherein when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the third root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold; the transceiver unit is configured to transmit or receive a first LP-WUS, the first LP-WUS being determined based on a second ZC sequence (or, the first LP-WUS corresponding to the second ZC sequence), the second ZC sequence being determined based on the third root (or, the second ZC sequence corresponding to the third root).

[0038] In one optional implementation, the transceiver unit is configured to transmit or receive a second LP-SS, the second LP-SS comprising M modulation symbols, N of which indicate a third value, wherein the N modulation symbols correspond to N ZC sequences, at least two of the N ZC sequences have different roots, M is a positive integer, and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

[0039] In an alternative embodiment, the communication device further includes a storage unit (sometimes also called a storage module), and the processing unit is configured to couple with the storage unit and execute programs or instructions in the storage unit to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the first device described in the first or second aspect above, or to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the second device described in the third aspect above, or to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the third device described in the fourth aspect above.

[0040] Sixthly, a communication device is provided, which can be a terminal device or a chip or chip system for use in a terminal device. The communication device includes a processor configured to perform the methods executed by the first, second, or third device in the aforementioned aspects. Optionally, the processor is coupled to a memory, which, when reading the computer program or instructions, causes the communication device to perform the methods executed by the first, second, or third device in the aforementioned aspects. The memory is used to store the computer program or instructions and can be included in the communication device or disposed externally. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface from which the processor calls and runs the computer program or instructions.

[0041] A seventh aspect provides a communication device, which can be a network device or a chip or chip system for use in a network device. The communication device includes a processor configured to perform the methods executed by the first, second, or third device in the aforementioned aspects. Optionally, the processor is coupled to a memory, which, when reading the computer program or instructions, causes the communication device to perform the methods executed by the first, second, or third device in the aforementioned aspects. The memory is used to store the computer program or instructions and can be included in the communication device or disposed externally. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface from which the processor calls and runs the computer program or instructions.

[0042] Eighthly, a communication system is provided, including a terminal device and a network device. The terminal device is configured to perform the method executed by the first device as described in the first or second aspect above, and the network device is configured to perform the method executed by the first device as described in the first or second aspect above; or, the terminal device is configured to perform the method executed by the second device as described in the third aspect above, and the network device is configured to perform the method executed by the second device as described in the third aspect above; or, the terminal device is configured to perform the method executed by the third device as described in the fourth aspect above, and the network device is configured to perform the method executed by the third device as described in the fourth aspect above. For example, the terminal device can be implemented using the communication device described in the fifth or seventh aspect, and the network device can be implemented using the communication device described in the fifth or sixth aspect. Optionally, the communication system may also include other devices, without limitation.

[0043] A ninth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method performed by the first and / or second and / or third means in the foregoing aspects to be implemented.

[0044] In a tenth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, causes the methods described in the above aspects to be implemented. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of two structures of the access network device in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an OOK modulation method;

[0047] Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of a coherent detection process;

[0048] Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of the relevant peaks;

[0049] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the time-domain shift of the correlation peak caused by frequency offset;

[0050] Figures 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams of two application scenarios of the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figures 7, 11, and 14 are flowcharts of several communication methods provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figures 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams of different time offsets corresponding to the same frequency offset but different roots in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 9 shows examples of multiple correlation results corresponding to the use of time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences in the LP-SS embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 10 shows examples of multiple correlation results when LP-SS uses a time-frequency biased ZC sequence in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 12 shows examples of multiple correlation results when LP-WUS uses a time-frequency biased ZC sequence in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 13 shows examples of multiple correlation results corresponding to the use of time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences in the embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figures 15A to 15C are examples of several coherent demodulation results obtained by the signal receiving end for LP-SS in the embodiments of this application;

[0058] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] In this application embodiment, the number of nouns, unless otherwise specified, refers to "singular nouns or plural nouns," that is, "one or more." "At least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and / or c can mean: a exists alone, b exists alone, c exists alone, a and b exist simultaneously, b and c exist simultaneously, a and c exist simultaneously, or a, b, and c exist simultaneously, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0062] The ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the size, content, order, timing, priority, or importance of the multiple objects. Furthermore, the numbering of steps in the various embodiments described in this application is only to distinguish different steps and is not used to limit the order in which the steps are performed.

[0063] In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" can include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, implicit instruction, etc. When describing a certain instruction information as being used to instruct A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, carries the identifier of A, carries B which is associated with A, carries the identifier of B which is associated with A, etc. In other words, if the receiving side of a certain instruction information can determine A based on the instruction information, it can be described as the instruction information being used to instruct A, and the specific method of determination is not limited. When it is understood that the instruction information carries A, "instruction" or "used to instruct" can be replaced with "includes". In this case, a statement similar to "sending / receiving instruction information, the instruction information being used to instruct A" can be replaced with "sending / receiving A".

[0064] In the embodiments of this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission by other units or modules via the air interface. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include direct reception from YY via the air interface or indirect reception from YY by other units or modules via the air interface. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface. In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0065] The following explanations of some terms or concepts used in the embodiments of this application are provided to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0066] In this embodiment, the terminal device is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, which can be a fixed device, a mobile device, a handheld device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device, an in-vehicle device, or a wireless device (e.g., a communication module, a modem, or a chip system, etc.) built into the aforementioned devices. The terminal device is used to connect people, objects, machines, etc., and can be widely used in various scenarios, including but not limited to the following: sensing scenarios, cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine / machine-type communications (M2M / MTC) communication, Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical care, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, and indoor commercial scenarios (such as mobile phone screen mirroring, file sharing, and mobile phone to VR glasses video transmission). When the terminal equipment is applied to V2X, it can also be called a V2X device, such as a smart car, digital car, unmanned car, driverless car, pilotless car, or automobile, self-driving car, or autonomous car, pure electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), range-extended electric vehicle (REEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), new energy vehicle, or roadside unit (RSU). The terminal equipment can also be a device used in D2D communication, such as an electricity meter or water meter.

[0067] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, the terminal device can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection.

[0068] The various terminal devices described above, if located in a vehicle (e.g., placed inside or installed inside a vehicle), can all be considered in-vehicle terminal devices, also known as on-board units (OBUs). The terminal device of this application can also be an in-vehicle module, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle can implement the methods of this application through the built-in in-vehicle module, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit.

[0069] The terminal equipment may sometimes be referred to as UE, terminal, access station, UE station, remote station, wireless communication equipment, or user equipment, etc.

[0070] In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the terminal device function can be a terminal device, which can be a terminal device or a device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the terminal device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the example of a terminal device being used to implement the terminal device function is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment.

[0071] The network devices in this application embodiment include, for example, access network devices (or access network elements) and / or core network devices (or core network elements). The access network devices are devices with wireless transceiver capabilities, used to communicate with the terminal devices. The access network devices include, but are not limited to, base stations (base transceiver stations, BTS, Node B, evolved Node B (eNodeB) / eNB, or the next generation Node B (gNodeB) / gNB), transmission reception points (TRPs), base stations evolved from the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), access nodes in wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, etc. The base stations can be: macro base stations, micro base stations, pico base stations, small cells, relay stations, etc. Multiple base stations can support networks using the same access technology or networks using different access technologies. A base station can contain one or more co-located or non-co-located transmission and reception points. The access network equipment can also be a radio controller, centralized unit (CU), and / or distributed unit (DU) in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. The access network equipment can also be a server, etc. For example, the network equipment in V2X technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). The following description uses a base station as an example to illustrate the access network equipment. A base station can communicate with a terminal device, or it can communicate with a terminal device through a relay station. A terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations in different access technologies. The core network equipment is used to implement functions such as mobility management, data processing, session management, policy and billing. The names of the equipment implementing core network functions may differ in systems using different access technologies; this application does not limit this.Taking the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technology system as an example, the core network equipment includes, for example, access and mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), policy control function (PCF), or user plane function (UPF), etc.

[0072] In a CU-DU architecture, or in an open RAN (ORAN) system, access network equipment can include one or more logical network elements such as a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). One possible structure for access network equipment is shown in Figure 1. In this structure, core network equipment and access network equipment can communicate via a backhaul link; within the access network equipment, CUs and DUs can communicate via a midhaul link, and DUs and RUs can communicate via a fronthaul link.

[0073] Alternatively, another architecture for the access network device can be seen in Figure 2, which illustrates an access network device implemented using a chip, such as a RAN chip. The RAN chip may include a CU, DU, and RU. The CU can perform L2 and L3 functions, etc.; the DU can perform L1 functions and some L2 functions, etc.; and the RU can perform L1 computation and radio frequency (RF) digital functions, etc. The CU communicates with the core network device through a backhaul interface, which carries the traffic between the CU and the core network device. The CU may include a central processing unit (CPU) based on x86 or ARM architecture, and may include a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), graphics processing unit (GPU), or other accelerators. The CPU can communicate with the FPGA, GPU, or other accelerators via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface.

[0074] The CU and DU communicate via a midhaul interface, which carries the traffic between the CU and DU. The DU may include an x86 or ARM architecture CPU, as well as FPGAs, GPUs, or other accelerators, which can communicate with the FPGA, GPU, or other accelerators via a PCIe interface.

[0075] The DU and RU communicate via a fronthaul interface, which carries the traffic between the DU and RU. If the access network equipment uses an integrated DU, the integrated DU can include the functions of both the DU and RU, and the RAN may no longer need to include a separate RU. The RU may include a RAN fronthaul processing unit, a digital processing unit, and an RF processing unit. The RAN fronthaul processing unit is implemented, for example, using an FPGA or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The digital processing unit is implemented, for example, using an FPGA or an ASIC.

[0076] The RU can be connected to an antenna to communicate with the UE via the antenna.

[0077] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called an open CU (O-CU), DU can also be called an open DU (O-DU), CU-CP can also be called an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be called an open CU-UP (O-CU-CP), and RU can also be called an open RU (O-RU). For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples in its embodiments. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in the embodiments of this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0078] The CU and DU can be configured according to the protocol layer functions of the wireless network they implement. For example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer and above (such as the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer and / or the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer); the DU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or Physical (PHY) layer). As another example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers above the PDCP layer (such as the RRC and / or SDAP layers), and the DU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as one or more of the RLC, MAC, or PHY layers).

[0079] The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of the CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, the CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements, such as by latency. Functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0080] DU and RU can cooperate to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0081] In this application embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a network device can be referred to as a network apparatus. This network apparatus can be a network element, a network device, or an apparatus capable of supporting the network device or network element in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This apparatus can be installed within the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a network device is described as a network apparatus (for example, an apparatus for implementing the functions of an access network apparatus is an access network apparatus, and an apparatus for implementing the functions of a core network apparatus is a core network apparatus).

[0082] The technical features involved in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0083] In wireless communication systems, a complex sequence called Zadoff-Chu, or ZC sequence for short, is commonly used. ZC sequences can be used to generate synchronization signals, reference signals, waveform signals, etc., in communication systems. For example, the low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) can be generated using a ZC sequence. LP-WUS technology uses a low-power wake-up signal to replace traditional wake-up methods, reducing UE power consumption. Similarly, the low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) can also be generated using a ZC sequence; LP-SS can be used for basic timing and synchronization.

[0084] The expression for the ZC sequence is:

[0085] Among them B ZC Let q represent the length of the ZC sequence, and let q represent the root of the ZC sequence, where 1 ≤ q. ZC x q (m) represents a ZC sequence with root q, where m is an integer. For example, suppose B ZC =5, root =3, can be calculated by substituting into formula 1:

[0086] x in Formula 2 q＝3 (m) represents a ZC sequence of length 5 and root 3.

[0087] In some communication systems, signals that are easy for low-power receivers to demodulate need to be transmitted, such as signals modulated by on-off-keying (OOK). OOK modulation allows information to be transmitted simply by whether a signal is being transmitted. For example, the modulation symbol for transmitting a signal represents "1" or "ON," while the modulation symbol for not transmitting a signal represents "0" or "OFF." For simple modulation waveforms like OOK, the receiver can use simple envelope detection for demodulation, thus achieving the goals of low complexity, low power consumption, and low cost. For example, the low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in 5G new radio (NR) systems can use OOK modulation.

[0088] ​OOK modulation symbols can be generated in different ways. For example, one method uses an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter to generate OOK modulation symbols. That is, the OFDM transmitter can use a ZC sequence to generate OOK modulation symbols representing "1" or "ON". One OFDM symbol corresponds to one or more OOK modulation symbols. When transmitting an OOK modulation symbol of "1" or "ON", the OFDM transmitter can map a ZC sequence onto the subcarrier of the corresponding OFDM symbol; when transmitting an OOK modulation symbol of "0" or "OFF", the OFDM transmitter can leave the signal unmodulated on the subcarrier of the corresponding OFDM symbol. Thus, in the signal obtained after processing the OOK modulation symbols using inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT), some OFDM symbols have energy ("ON"), while others have no energy ("OFF"). For example, Figure 3 shows an example of generating an OOK modulation signal using a ZC sequence. The shaded area on the left side of Figure 3 represents the ZC sequence, and the blank area represents no signal. It can be seen that, for a period of time, OFDM symbols 0, 3-4, 6, and 9-10 carry the ZC sequence, while other OFDM symbols do not carry a signal. Therefore, the signal ultimately transmitted by the transmitter can be referred to the right side of Figure 3, where the position corresponding to the OFDM symbol with the ZC sequence is marked "ON," and the position corresponding to the OFDM symbol without a signal is marked "OFF."

[0089] Besides using the "ON" / "OFF" of the OOK signal to transmit information, the transmitter can further improve the data rate or transmission performance by using cyclic shift (CS). Cyclic shift refers to multiplying the aforementioned ZC sequence by a cyclically shifted sequence and then mapping the resulting sequence onto the aforementioned subcarriers. For example, the resulting sequence can be represented as x. q (m)·e jαm , where e jαm Let α represent the cyclic shift sequence, and x represent the cyclic shift. q(m) represents a ZC sequence rooted at q. The transmitter can carry different information using different cyclic shifts. For example, the transmitter and receiver can agree that there are four cyclic shifts {α0, α1, α2, α3} available, and {α0, α1, α2, α3} represent bit information {00, 01, 10, 11} respectively. After generating the ZC sequence, the transmitter can further multiply it by a cyclic shift sequence to carry 2 bits of information in the resulting sequence. In addition to detecting the ON / OFF state of the OOK signal to receive information, the receiver can also perform cyclic shift detection to determine the information transmitted via cyclic shift. As one implementation, the receiver can sequentially use the agreed cyclic shift sequences to perform sequence correlation with the received sequence and determine the cyclic shift with the highest correlation value as the cyclic shift used for that received sequence.

[0090] At the signal receiving end, an envelope detection receiver can be used to demodulate the signal. In this case, the envelope detection receiver only needs to compare the energy of each OFDM symbol of the received signal with a threshold to determine whether each OFDM symbol carries "ON" or "OFF". Envelope detection receivers have low power consumption and cost, but their noise figure is usually relatively high, and demodulation performance degrades significantly with increasing noise levels.

[0091] To improve demodulation performance, the signal receiver can also use a coherent receiver to demodulate the signal. A coherent receiver samples the received signal and performs correlation calculations with the sampled result against a local ZC sequence to achieve demodulation. This local ZC sequence is the ZC sequence transmitted by the signal transmitter, known to the signal receiver before synchronization with the signal transmitter. During demodulation, the coherent receiver can sample the received signal. For example, it can capture the received signal and perform correlation calculations within a detection window or sliding window. This detection window can slide within a certain range, moving one sampling point with each slide, completing one signal capture and correlation calculation per slide.

[0092] For example, during the l-th sliding of the detection window, the length of the signal intercepted by the detection window includes N. sym The expression for the signal intercepted at each sampling point is:

[0093] r l (n)=r(l+n),0 <n≤N sym (Formula 3)

[0094] Where n is a positive integer. The relevant receiver will intercept the signal r. l(n) is correlated with the local ZC sequence to obtain the correlation value. This correlation calculation process is represented, for example, as follows:

[0095] Where C(l) represents the correlation value, s sync (n) represents the local ZC sequence. s sync The conjugate of (n). Each time the detection window slides, or each time it slides a sampling point, a correlation value C(l) is obtained. This correlation value reaches its maximum when the detection window exactly coincides with the received signal. A significant correlation peak will appear at this point. Here, |x| represents the absolute value of x.

[0096] Referring to Figure 4A, the shaded area represents the signal to be detected, which is detected by sliding the detection window. When the detection window slides to coincide with the signal (i.e., the position is aligned), the calculated correlation value reaches its maximum. Figure 4B shows the correlation peak corresponding to this correlation value (as shown by the highest point of the curve in Figure 4B). In Figure 4B, the horizontal axis represents time, or the number of times the detection window slides; the vertical axis represents the correlation value.

[0097] Some low-cost, low-power coherent receivers may exist in the network. These receivers use crystal oscillators with lower precision, and using such oscillators for down-conversion and demodulation may introduce frequency offset (FCO). If a frequency offset is introduced into the ZC sequence, it may cause a shift in the time-domain position of the correlation peak; that is, the frequency offset of the ZC sequence may lead to a corresponding time offset. The time-domain offset of the correlation peak may also differ with different frequency offsets. For example, referring to Figure 5, we see the time-domain offset of the correlation peak corresponding to different frequency offsets. As shown in Figure 5, without frequency offset, there is no time-domain offset of the correlation peak; the time-domain offset of the correlation peak corresponding to a frequency offset of 1 subcarrier width is smaller than the time-domain offset of the correlation peak corresponding to a frequency offset of 2 subcarrier widths. If the time-domain offset of the correlation peak caused by the frequency offset is large, for example, if the correlation peak exceeds the time range of the detection window (i.e., the width of the detection window), it may lead to coherent demodulation failure.

[0098] In view of this, the embodiments of this application consider that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can select a suitable root for signals using the ZC sequence. For example, for the first LP-SS, a first root can be selected. The first root satisfies the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold. This can be understood as follows: if the ZC sequence using the first root has a frequency offset, the resulting time-domain offset will be large. When the receiver of the first LP-SS performs coherent demodulation on the first LP-SS, although it may obtain multiple correlation peaks, due to the characteristics of the first root, the time-domain interval of each correlation peak is large. For example, only the correlation peak corresponding to the real signal may fall within the detection window range. Therefore, the receiver can demodulate successfully, improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-SS.

[0099] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to 4G systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, or to 5G systems, such as New Radio (NR) systems, or to next-generation mobile communication systems or other similar communication systems, such as the 6th generation (6G) systems, etc., without specific limitations. Furthermore, while this application describes communication between network devices and UEs as an example, the technical solutions provided in this application can also be used for sidelink (SL) communication between UEs. For example, this technical solution can be applied to D2D scenarios, such as NR-D2D scenarios, or to V2X scenarios, such as NR-V2X scenarios. For example, this application can be used in fields such as factory manufacturing, smart homes, intelligent driving, assisted driving, intelligent connected vehicles, or indoor commercial scenarios.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 6A, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6A includes a network device and a UE, and the signal transmitted between the network device and the UE can be generated according to the ZC sequence. Figure 6A uses one UE and one network device as an example, but in practice, the number of UEs and the number of network devices are not limited.

[0101] Please refer to Figure 6B, which is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of this application embodiment. Figure 6B includes UE1 and UE2, and the signal transmitted between UE1 and UE2 can be generated according to the ZC sequence.

[0102] The method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the various embodiments of this application, "frequency offset" is simply referred to as "frequency offset," and "time offset" is simply referred to as "time offset." In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the various embodiments of this application, all steps indicated by dashed lines are optional steps. The various embodiments of this document can be applied to the network architecture shown in FIG. 6A. For example, the signal transmitting end described in the various embodiments of this document can be the UE in FIG. 6A, and the signal receiving end described in the various embodiments of this document can be the network device in FIG. 6A; or, the signal transmitting end described in the various embodiments of this document can be the network device in FIG. 6A, and the signal receiving end described in the various embodiments of this document can be the UE in FIG. 6A. Alternatively, the various embodiments of this document can be applied to the network architecture shown in FIG. 6B. For example, the signal transmitting end described in the various embodiments of this document can be UE1 in FIG. 6B, and the signal receiving end described in the various embodiments of this document can be UE2 in FIG. 6B; or, the signal transmitting end described in the various embodiments of this document can be UE2 in FIG. 6B, and the signal receiving end described in the various embodiments of this document can be UE1 in FIG. 6B.

[0103] This application provides a communication method. Please refer to Figure 7, which is a flowchart of the method.

[0104] S701, The signal transmitting end determines the first root.

[0105] When the signal transmitter needs to transmit an LP-SS, it can determine a first root, which can be used to determine the LP-SS. For example, the first root can be used to determine the ZC sequence (i.e., the ZC sequence corresponding to the first root), and the ZC sequence can be used to determine the LP-SS (i.e., the LP-SS corresponding to the ZC sequence). In this embodiment, the LP-SS can be referred to as the first LP-SS, and the ZC sequence can be referred to as the first ZC sequence. The signal transmitter determining the first root can be replaced by: the signal transmitter determining the first ZC sequence.

[0106] For ZC sequences, please refer to Formula 1. When a ZC sequence has a frequency offset, the ZC sequence can be used. express, The following relationship can be satisfied:

[0107] In Formula 5, Δf represents the frequency offset, for example, Δf is the normalized frequency offset.

[0108] When the ZC sequence has a time offset, the ZC sequence can be used express, The following relationship can be satisfied:

[0109] In Formula 6, Δt represents the time offset.

[0110] The following relationship is introduced to determine the equivalent time offset when the ZC sequence has a frequency offset:

[0111] (qΔt-Δf)mod B ZC =0 (Formula 7)

[0112] In Formula 7, mod represents the remainder operation.

[0113] Combining the aforementioned formula, we can obtain:

[0114] In Formula 8, c is a constant.

[0115] Based on the formula above, the following relationship can be obtained:

[0116] That is, for a ZC sequence, when there is a frequency offset Δf, it is equivalent to the ZC sequence having a time offset Δt.

[0117] Furthermore, this embodiment of the application considers that the time offset caused by the frequency offset can be related to the root (denoted by q) of the ZC sequence. For example, with a fixed frequency offset, different q may correspond to the same or different time offsets. Referring to Figures 8A and 8B, Figure 8A shows the correlation detection results (or coherent demodulation results) of a ZC sequence with a frequency offset of one subcarrier spacing (SCS) and q=1, and Figure 8B shows the correlation detection results of a ZC sequence with a frequency offset of one subcarrier spacing and q=2. Both Figures 8A and 8B use a ZC sequence of length 127 as an example. In Figures 8A and 8B, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the correlation value. According to Figure 8A, when q=1, the time offset caused by the frequency offset of one subcarrier spacing is small, approximately 1. That is, the correlation peak appears approximately at the "1" position in the time domain, while the time offset of this ZC sequence should be 0, meaning the time offset of the correlation peak relative to the true signal is approximately 1. As shown in Figure 8B, when q = 2, the time offset caused by the frequency offset of one subcarrier interval is relatively large, and this time offset is far from the position where the time offset is 0.

[0118] This application embodiment can define two types of ZC sequences, or define two types of ZC sequence roots. One type of ZC sequence or one type of root can satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time offset of the ZC sequence is greater than a first threshold. For example, q=2 can be such a root, or the ZC sequence with q=2 can be such a ZC sequence. Optionally, such ZC sequences can also be called time-frequency offset sensitive ZC sequences, or they can have other names, without limitation.

[0119] Another type of ZC sequence or another type of root satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to a first threshold. For example, q=1 can be this type of root, or the ZC sequence with q=1 can be this type of ZC sequence. Optionally, this type of ZC sequence can also be called a time-frequency offset robust ZC sequence, or it can have other names; there are no restrictions on this.

[0120] For LP-SS, using a time-frequency robust ZC sequence may affect the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver. When performing time-frequency synchronization based on LP-SS, the LP-SS receiver can perform sliding correlation in both the time and frequency domains. For example, using frequency 1 and performing sliding correlation in the time domain yields one correlation result; using frequency 2 and performing sliding correlation in the time domain yields another correlation result, and so on. The receiver can use multiple frequencies and perform sliding correlation in the time domain to obtain multiple correlation results. The receiver can then determine the detection result based on these multiple correlation results, which may be, for example, a coherent demodulation result. For instance, the receiver can determine the detection result based on the correlation peaks corresponding to the multiple correlation results.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 9, which shows an example of multiple correlation results corresponding to LP-SS. Figure 9 uses three correlation results as examples, represented by three rectangles. The horizontal axis of Figure 9 represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. In Figure 9, q=1, B ZC Taking a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0 as an example, the correct detection result should be a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0 (i.e., the correlation result corresponding to the rectangle in the middle of Figure 9). That is, these three correlation results should correspond to only one correlation peak. However, due to the introduction of a frequency offset during the detection process, correlation peaks appear at positions with a time offset of -1 and a frequency offset of +1, and also at positions with a time offset of +1 and a frequency offset of -1. Since the ZC sequence used is a time-frequency offset robust ZC sequence, the time offset caused by the frequency offset is relatively small. Therefore, all three correlation peaks fall within the time-domain sliding range of the detection window. This makes it impossible for the signal receiver to determine which correlation peak represents the actual received LP-SS, thus preventing the acquisition of accurate time offset, frequency offset, and other information.

[0122] Therefore, embodiments of this application can select a time-frequency biased ZC sequence for LP-SS to improve the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver for LP-SS. Please refer to Figure 10, which shows an example of multiple correlation results corresponding to LP-SS. Figure 10 uses three correlation results as examples. The horizontal axis of Figure 10 represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. In Figure 10, with q=5 and B... ZCTaking a ZC sequence with a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0 as an example, Figure 10 shows three correlation results corresponding to three correlation peaks. However, because the ZC sequence used is a time-frequency offset sensitive ZC sequence, the time offset caused by the frequency offset is relatively large. Therefore, the time-domain distance between the correlation peaks of each correlation result is large, and the two correlation peaks corresponding to two of the correlation results fall outside the time-domain sliding range of the detection window. The correlation peaks that fall within the time-domain sliding range of the detection window are the correlation peaks with a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0, which are the correct detection results. It can be seen that using a time-frequency offset sensitive ZC sequence can obtain more accurate information such as time offset and frequency offset.

[0123] Based on the above analysis, optionally, the first root determined by the signal transmitter can be the root of a time-frequency biased ZC sequence, or the signal transmitter can determine a time-frequency biased first ZC sequence as the ZC sequence for determining the first LP-SS. For example, the first root can satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the first root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS can be greater than a first threshold. In various embodiments of this application, the equivalent time-domain offset can be understood as the time-domain offset introduced (or caused) by the frequency offset. The first value can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. The first threshold can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. Optionally, the first threshold can be greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window, and the first detection window can be used to detect the first LP-SS. The first threshold being greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window can make the time-domain distance between the correlation peak caused by frequency offset and the correlation peak of the actual signal larger. For example, the correlation peak caused by frequency offset may fall outside the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window, while within the time-domain sliding range of the first detection window there may only be the correlation peak of the actual signal. This reduces the probability of false detection at the signal receiver and improves the time-frequency synchronization performance.

[0124] Optionally, the first root can belong to the first root set. The first root set can be predefined by the protocol or set by the network device.

[0125] The first root set may include, for example, roots applicable to LP-SS, or, for example, roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences. For instance, any one of at least one roots in the first root set may satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is greater than a first threshold. Wherein, if the time-frequency biased ZC sequence can be used to generate LP-SS, then any one of those roots may also satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to that root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than the first threshold. This can also be understood as the at least one root being a root corresponding to a time-frequency biased ZC sequence. The at least one root may be, for example, some or all of the roots in the first root set.

[0126] Optionally, the first root set may satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 17; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 31, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 59, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set may include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44. The roots in one or more of these items can be the roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences. For example, the first set of roots can be presented in tabular form, as shown in Table 1.

[0127] Table 1

[0128] In this context, each row of Table 1 is considered an item, and the first root set can include one or more items from Table 1. For any item, the first root set can further include one or more roots from that item.

[0129] Optionally, the first root set may only include roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences, excluding other roots. Alternatively, the first root set may include roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences in addition to those corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences, such as roots corresponding to time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences. For example, the first root set may also include a second root, which satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to a second threshold. For example, the second root may be a root corresponding to a time-frequency biased robust ZC sequence. Optionally, the second root can be used to generate LP-WUS. For example, if a time-frequency biased robust ZC sequence can be used to generate LP-WUS, then the second root may also satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the second root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold. The second value may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. The second threshold may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. Features such as the second value and the second threshold will be described in the next embodiment. The first value and the second value can be the same or different; the first threshold and the second threshold can be the same or different.

[0130] Optionally, the first root set may also satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the first ZC sequence is 23, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 31, the first root set further includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 53, the first root set... The first root set also includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 59, the first root set also includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the first ZC sequence is 61, the first root set also includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the first ZC sequence is 127, the first root set also includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126. The roots in one or more of these items can be the roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences. For example, the first root set can be presented in tabular form, see Table 2 or Table 3.

[0131] Table 2

[0132] Table 3

[0133] Table 2 mixes the roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences and the roots corresponding to time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences without distinction. Alternatively, the first root set may also include set A and set B, where set A includes roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences, or roots used for LP-SS; set B includes roots corresponding to time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences, or roots used for LP-WUS, as shown in Table 3. In Table 3, for example, set A is used for LP-SS, and set B is used for LP-WUS. This application does not limit the implementation form of the first root set.

[0134] It should be understood that when the length of the first ZC sequence is 29, root 7 can be used as the root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-sensitive ZC sequence or a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence. For example, root 7 can be used for LP-SS or LP-WUS. In the embodiments of this application (e.g., Tables 2 and 3), root 7 is used as the root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence, but this application is not limited to this.

[0135] Optionally, the first root set can also be used for LP-WUS if it includes roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences. For example, if the signal transmitter wants to generate LP-WUS, it can also select the corresponding roots from the first root set.

[0136] For the signal transmitter, the first root can be determined from the first root set. For example, if the signal transmitter is a network device, then the first root can be determined from the first root set.

[0137] The signal transmitter can determine the first root from the first root set in several ways. For example, one method involves the signal transmitter randomly selecting any root from the first root set as the first root and informing the receiver of the selected first root via signaling.

[0138] Alternatively, another method for the signal transmitter to determine the first root from the first root set includes determining the first root from the first root set based on the identifier of the cell transmitting the first LP-SS. The cell transmitting the first signal is, for example, called the first cell. The first cell may correspond to one or more identifiers. The signal transmitter can determine the first root based on one or more of these identifiers. For example, if LP-SS is transmitted in the first cell, the identifier of the first cell is the first identifier, which can also be called the LP-SS identifier; while if a non-low-power signal or a signal transmitted to the main radio (MR) of the UE is transmitted in the first cell, the identifier of the first cell is the second identifier. Then, the signal transmitter can determine the first root from the first root set based on the first identifier and / or the second identifier of the first cell. For example, the first root set includes N... root There are N roots. root For a positive integer, the first root can satisfy the following relationship:

[0139] In formula 10, The identifier represents the first cell, where I represents the first root, or the index of the first root in the first root set.

[0140] Alternatively, another way for the signal transmitter to determine the first root from the first root set includes that the signal transmitter determines the first root from the first root set based on the time unit in which the first LP-SS is located. The time unit in which the first LP-SS is located can also be understood as the time unit used to transmit the first LP-SS, for example, called the first time unit. For example, the signal transmitter can determine the first root based on the index of the first time unit. For example, for different time units, ZC sequences corresponding to different roots can be used. Then, when determining the first root, the signal transmitter can combine the first time unit occupied by the first signal, for example, by combining the index of the first time unit. For example, the first root can satisfy the following relationship: I = f SH (n slot ) (Formula 11)

[0141] Where I represents the first root, and n slot This represents the index of the time unit occupied by the first LP-SS. For example, one implementation of Equation 11 is as follows:

[0142] In Formula 12, c(i) represents a pseudo-random sequence, and l is the number of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol containing the first LP-SS in a time slot. This indicates the number of a time slot within a data frame. This indicates the number of OFDM symbols contained in a time slot.

[0143] Alternatively, in addition to the above methods, the signal transmitter may also determine the first root from the first root set in other ways, without any restrictions.

[0144] Alternatively, the first root can be determined by signaling from other devices. For example, if the signaling transmitter is UE1 and the receiver of the first LP-SS (referred to as the signal receiver) is UE2, UE1 can determine the first root based on signaling from a network device (e.g., a network device providing services to UE1). For instance, the network device can send a first signaling message to UE1, which can indicate the first root, allowing UE1 to determine the first root. The first signaling message can be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), media access control (MAC) control element (CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling, etc., without limitation.

[0145] The statement "The first root belongs to the first root set" can be replaced with: "The first ZC sequence belongs to the first ZC sequence set." It should be understood that the above description of the first root set applies to the first ZC sequence set; that is, the first ZC sequence set includes the ZC sequences corresponding to the roots described above as belonging to the first root set. For example, "The first root set includes roots applicable to LP-SS," or "The first root set includes roots corresponding to time-frequency sensitive ZC sequences," can be replaced with: "The first ZC sequence set includes ZC sequences applicable to LP-SS," or "The first ZC sequence set includes time-frequency sensitive ZC sequences."

[0146] S702, the signal transmitting end transmits the first LP-SS. Correspondingly, the signal receiving end receives the first LP-SS.

[0147] The signal receiver can also determine the first root, as described in S703. Optionally, the signal receiver can determine the first root before S702. For example, the signal receiver can determine the first root based on signaling from the signal transmitter. For instance, if the signal transmitter is a network device and the signal receiver is a UE, the network device can send signaling to the UE, which can indicate the first root, thus allowing the UE to determine the first root. Another example is if the signal transmitter is UE1 and the signal receiver is UE2, UE1 can send signaling to UE2, which can indicate the first root, thus allowing UE2 to determine the first root. Similar to S701, the signal receiver determining the first root can be replaced by: the signal receiver determining the first ZC sequence.

[0148] Alternatively, the signal receiver can also determine the first root based on signaling from other devices. For example, if the signal sender is UE1 and the signal receiver is UE2, a network device (e.g., a network device providing services to UE2) can send signaling to UE2, which can indicate the first root, thus allowing UE2 to determine the first root.

[0149] Alternatively, the signal receiver can determine the first root in other ways. For example, the signal receiver can determine the first root from the first root set based on the identifier of the cell transmitting the first LP-SS. Or, the signal receiver can determine the first root from the first root set based on the time unit in which the first LP-SS occurs. Optionally, the signal transmitter and the signal receiver can determine the first root in the same way, so that the roots determined by the signal receiver and the signal transmitter are the same.

[0150] If the signal receiver determines the first root based on signaling, it does not need to know the first root set. Alternatively, the signal receiver can also know the first root set; for example, it can obtain predefined protocol information to determine the first root set, or it can receive information from network devices to determine the first root set. The signal receiver can determine the ZC sequence corresponding to some or all of the roots in the first root set, so that after receiving the first LP-SS, it can directly perform coherent demodulation on the first LP-SS based on the local ZC sequence, reducing the processing latency of the first LP-SS.

[0151] The signal receiver receives the first LP-SS and can perform coherent demodulation on the first LP-SS according to the local ZC sequence (the ZC sequence corresponding to the first root). The specific coherent demodulation process can be referred to the previous introduction.

[0152] In summary, this embodiment considers that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, this embodiment can select a suitable root for signals using ZC sequences. For example, for a first LP-SS, the first root can be selected. If the ZC sequence using the first root has a frequency offset, the resulting time-domain offset will be large. When the receiver of the first LP-SS performs coherent demodulation on the first LP-SS, although it may obtain multiple correlation peaks, due to the characteristics of the first root, the time-domain interval between each correlation peak is large. For example, only the correlation peak corresponding to the real signal may fall within the detection window range. Therefore, the signal receiver can successfully demodulate, improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-SS.

[0153] This application provides another communication method. Please refer to Figure 11, which is a flowchart of this method.

[0154] S1101, The signal transmitting end determines the third root.

[0155] When the signal transmitter needs to transmit LP-WUS, it can determine a third root, which can be used to determine the LP-WUS. For example, the third root can be used to determine the ZC sequence (i.e., the ZC sequence corresponding to the third root), and the ZC sequence can be used to determine the LP-WUS (i.e., the LP-WUS corresponding to the ZC sequence). In this embodiment, the LP-WUS can be referred to as the first LP-WUS, and the ZC sequence as the second ZC sequence. The signal transmitter determining the third root can be replaced by the signal transmitter determining the second ZC sequence.

[0156] For ZC sequences, when there is a frequency offset Δf, it is equivalent to the ZC sequence having a time offset Δt. Moreover, the time offset caused by the frequency offset can be related to the root of the ZC sequence (represented by q). Therefore, the embodiments of this application can define two types of ZC sequences or define the roots of two types of ZC sequences. For a description of this, please refer to the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0157] For LP-WUS, using a time-frequency sensitive ZC sequence may affect the detection performance of the signal receiver. Specifically, when detecting LP-WUS (e.g., coherent demodulation), the LP-SS signal receiver can perform sliding correlation in the time domain instead of in the frequency domain. Optionally, if LP-WUS transmits information via cyclic shift, the signal receiver can perform cyclic shift detection to determine the information transmitted via cyclic shift. As one implementation, the receiver can sequentially perform sequence correlation between a pre-defined cyclic shift sequence and the ZC sequence corresponding to the received LP-WUS, and determine the cyclic shift with the highest correlation value as the cyclic shift used by the received ZC sequence.

[0158] Please refer to Figure 12, which shows an example of the correlation results for LP-WUS. Figure 12 includes four correlation results, corresponding to four cyclic shifts (e.g., cyclic shifts 0 to cyclic shift 3, represented as CS0 to CS3 in Figure 12). The horizontal axis of Figure 12 represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents correlation value. In Figure 12, q=2 is used as an example. As can be seen from Figure 12, when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence gradually increases, approximately greater than one part per million (ppm), the correlation value of the ZC sequence corresponding to cyclic shift 2 is the largest. If the LP-WUS actually transmitted by the signal transmitter corresponds to the ZC sequence with cyclic shift 0, but the signal receiver introduces a frequency offset greater than or equal to 3 ppm during detection, the correlation value between the ZC sequence with cyclic shift 2 and the received ZC sequence is the largest. Therefore, the signal receiver will think that the signal transmitter transmitted the ZC sequence with cyclic shift 2. It is evident that a false detection occurred at the signal receiver.

[0159] Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence can be selected for LP-WUS to improve the detection accuracy of LP-WUS at the signal receiver.

[0160] Please refer to Figure 13, which shows an example of the correlation results corresponding to LP-WUS. Figure 13 includes four correlation results, each corresponding to one of four cyclic shifts (e.g., cyclic shifts 0 to 3, represented as CS0 to CS3 in Figure 13). The horizontal axis of Figure 13 represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents the correlation value. In Figure 13, we take q=1 as an example, and specifically the ZC sequence corresponding to cyclic shift 0 of LP-WUS transmitted by the signal transmitter. As can be seen from Figure 13, regardless of the frequency offset of the ZC sequence, the correlation value corresponding to the cyclic shift sequence (e.g., the ZC sequence with cyclic shift 0) transmitted by the signal transmitter is always the largest. That is, the probability of misjudgment at the signal receiver is small, and a correct detection result can be obtained.

[0161] Based on the above analysis, optionally, the third root determined by the signal transmitter can be the root of a time-frequency offset robust ZC sequence, or the signal transmitter can determine a time-frequency offset robust second ZC sequence as the ZC sequence for determining the first LP-WUS. For example, the third root can satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to the third root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS can be less than or equal to a second threshold. The second value can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. The second threshold can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. Optionally, the second threshold can be greater than or equal to the time-domain sliding range of the second detection window, which can be used to detect the first LP-WUS.

[0162] Optionally, the third root can belong to the second root set. The second root set can be predefined by the protocol or set by the network device.

[0163] The second root set may include, for example, roots applicable to LP-WUS, or, for example, roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences. For instance, any one of at least one roots in the second root set may satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is less than or equal to a second threshold. Where a time-frequency robust ZC sequence can be used to generate LP-WUS, then that root may also satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold. This can also be understood as the at least one root being a root corresponding to a time-frequency robust ZC sequence. The at least one root may be, for example, some or all of the roots in the second root set.

[0164] Optionally, the second root set may satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the second ZC sequence is 23, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 29, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 31, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 53, the second root set... The second root set includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 59, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 61, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the second ZC sequence is 127, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126. The roots in one or more of these sets can be the roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences. For example, the second root set can be presented in tabular form, see Table 4.

[0165] Table 4

[0166] In this context, each row of Table 4 is considered an item, and the second root set can include one or more items from Table 4. For any item, the second root set can further include one or more roots from that item.

[0167] Optionally, the second root set may only include roots corresponding to time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequences, excluding other roots. Alternatively, the second root set may include roots corresponding to time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequences, in addition to roots corresponding to time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequences. For example, the second root set may also include a fourth root, which satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to the fourth root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence is greater than a first threshold. For example, the fourth root may be a root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-sensitive ZC sequence. Optionally, the fourth root can be used to generate LP-SS. For example, if a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence can be used to generate LP-SS, then the fourth root may also satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to the fourth root is less than or equal to the first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold. The first value may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. The first threshold may be predefined by the protocol or configured by the network device. For details regarding the first value, first threshold, and other features, please refer to the description of the embodiment shown in Figure 7. The first value and the second value can be the same or different; the first threshold and the second threshold can be the same or different.

[0168] Optionally, the second root set may also satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the second ZC sequence is 23, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 29, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 8, 12, and 17; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 31, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 53, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 59, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the second ZC sequence is 61, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the second ZC sequence is 127, the second root set may also include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44. The roots in one or more of these roots can be the roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences. For example, the second set of roots can be presented in tabular form, as shown in Table 2 of the embodiment in Figure 7. A description of Table 2 can also be found in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0169] As mentioned above, when the length of the second ZC sequence is 29, root 7 can be used as the root corresponding to both time-frequency biased and time-frequency biased ZC sequences. Table 4 uses root 7 as an example of the root corresponding to a time-frequency biased and time-frequency biased ZC sequence, but this application is not limited to this.

[0170] If the second root set also includes roots corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences, optionally, the second root set can also be used for LP-SS. For example, if the signal transmitter wants to generate LP-SS, it can also select the corresponding roots from the second root set.

[0171] For the signal transmitter, the third root can be determined from the second root set. For example, if the signal transmitter is a network device, it can determine the third root from the second root set. Regarding the method by which the signal transmitter determines the third root from the second root set, please refer to the description of determining the first root from the first root set in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0172] Alternatively, for the signal transmitting end, the third root can also be determined based on the signaling from other devices, as can be seen in the description of the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0173] The statement that the third root belongs to the second root set can be replaced with: the second ZC sequence belongs to the second ZC sequence set. It should be understood that the above description of the third root set applies to the second ZC sequence set; that is, the second ZC sequence set includes the ZC sequences corresponding to the roots described above as belonging to the second root set. For example, the statement that the second root set includes roots applicable to LP-WUS, or that the second root set includes roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences, can be replaced with: the second ZC sequence set includes ZC sequences applicable to LP-WUS, or the second ZC sequence set includes time-frequency robust ZC sequences.

[0174] S1102, The signal transmitting end transmits the first LP-WUS. Correspondingly, the signal receiving end receives the first LP-WUS.

[0175] The signal receiver can also determine the third root, as described in S1103. Optionally, the signal receiver can determine the third root before S1102. For example, the signal receiver can determine the third root based on the signaling from the signal transmitter, or it can determine the third root based on the signaling from other devices, or it can determine the third root using other methods, as described in the embodiment shown in Figure 7 regarding the determination of the first root by the signal receiver. Furthermore, similar to S1101, the determination of the third root by the signal receiver can be replaced by: the signal receiver determining the second ZC sequence.

[0176] If the signal receiver determines the third root based on signaling, it does not need to know the second root set. Alternatively, the signal receiver can also know the second root set; for example, it can obtain predefined protocol information to determine the second root set, or it can receive information from the network device to determine the second root set. The signal receiver can determine the ZC sequence corresponding to some or all of the roots in the second root set, and thus, after receiving the first LP-WUS, it can directly perform coherent demodulation on the first LP-WUS based on the local ZC sequence, reducing the processing latency of the first LP-WUS.

[0177] The signal receiver receives the first LP-WUS and can perform coherent demodulation on the first LP-WUS according to the local ZC sequence (the ZC sequence corresponding to the third root). The specific coherent demodulation process can be referred to the previous introduction.

[0178] In summary, this embodiment considers that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, this embodiment can select a suitable root for signals using ZC sequences. For example, for the first LP-WUS, a third root can be selected. If the ZC sequence using the third root has a frequency offset, the resulting time-domain offset will be smaller. When the receiver of the first LP-WUS performs coherent demodulation on the first LP-WUS, the correlation value corresponding to the real signal can always be maximized. Therefore, the signal receiver can successfully demodulate, improving the demodulation success rate of the first LP-WUS.

[0179] This application provides yet another communication method. Please refer to Figure 14, which is a flowchart of the method.

[0180] S1401, The signal transmitting end sends the second LP-SS. Correspondingly, the signal receiving end receives the second LP-SS.

[0181] The second LP-SS may include M modulation symbols, where M is a positive integer. Of these M modulation symbols, N modulation symbols may indicate a third value, and the remaining M and N modulation symbols may indicate a fourth value, where N is a positive integer less than or equal to M. The modulation scheme corresponding to the second LP-SS is, for example, OOK modulation. Optionally, the third value may be, for example, "1" or "on", and the fourth value may be, for example, "0" or "off".

[0182] The N modulation symbols can correspond to N ZC sequences. For example, one modulation symbol can be mapped to one ZC sequence, therefore N modulation symbols can be mapped to N ZC sequences, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the N modulation symbols and the N ZC sequences. The N ZC sequences can correspond to N roots, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the N roots and the N ZC sequences. Among the N roots, at least two roots can be different, thereby improving the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver for the first LP-SS.

[0183] Optionally, any two of the N roots can be different, or all of the N roots can be different, thereby further improving the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver for the second LP-SS.

[0184] Optionally, any one of the N roots can be a root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence. Alternatively, any one of the N roots can satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence can be less than or equal to a second threshold. Wherein, the time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence can be used to generate LP-WUS, then any one of the roots can also satisfy the following: when the frequency offset of the LP-WUS corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a second value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-WUS is less than or equal to a second threshold. This can also be understood as at least one root being a root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequence.

[0185] Alternatively, the types of the N roots may not be restricted. For example, the N roots may include one or more of the following: roots corresponding to time-frequency bias-robust ZC sequences, roots corresponding to time-frequency bias-sensitive ZC sequences, or other roots. For example, a root corresponding to a time-frequency bias-sensitive ZC sequence satisfies the following condition: when the frequency offset of the ZC sequence corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the ZC sequence can be greater than a first threshold. Since a time-frequency bias-sensitive ZC sequence can be used to generate an LP-SS, the root can also satisfy the following condition: when the frequency offset of the LP-SS corresponding to that root is less than or equal to a first value, the equivalent time-domain offset of the LP-SS is greater than a first threshold. Further details can be found in the embodiments shown in Figure 7 or Figure 11.

[0186] These N roots, for example, belong to the third root set. Optionally, the third root set may satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the ZC sequence is 23, the second root set includes at least one of 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, 22; when the length of the ZC sequence is 29, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 28; when the length of the ZC sequence is 31, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 23, 30; when the length of the ZC sequence is 53, the third root set... The third root set includes at least one of 1, 13, 18, 26, 27, 35, 40, and 52; when the length of the ZC sequence is 59, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 29, 30, 39, 44, and 58; when the length of the ZC sequence is 61, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 15, 20, 30, 31, 41, 46, and 60; or, when the length of the ZC sequence is 127, the third root set includes at least one of 1, 32, 42, 63, 64, 85, 95, and 126. The roots in one or more of these sets can be roots corresponding to time-frequency robust ZC sequences. For example, the third root set can be presented in tabular form, as shown in Table 4 of the embodiment shown in Figure 11.

[0187] If the types of the N roots are not restricted, the third root set may optionally also satisfy one or more of the following: when the length of the ZC sequence is 23, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 7, 9, and 14; when the length of the ZC sequence is 29, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 8, 12, and 17; when the length of the ZC sequence is 31, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, and 19; when the length of the ZC sequence is 53... The third root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 12, 16, 24, and 29; when the length of the ZC sequence is 59, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 6, 16, 18, 27, and 32; when the length of the ZC sequence is 61, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 28, 33, and 39; or, when the length of the ZC sequence is 127, the third root set may also include at least one of 5, 11, 22, 33, 37, and 44. The roots in one or more of these root sets may correspond to roots of time-frequency biased ZC sequences. For example, the third root set may be presented in tabular form, as shown in Table 2 or Table 3 in the embodiment shown in Figure 7. A description of Table 2 or Table 3 can also be found in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0188] Additionally, if the types of the N roots are not restricted, the third root set may optionally include roots other than those corresponding to time-frequency biased ZC sequences and time-frequency biased robust ZC sequences, without any restrictions.

[0189] As mentioned earlier, when the length of the ZC sequence is 29, the root 7 can be used as the root corresponding to the time-frequency biased ZC sequence, or as the root corresponding to the time-frequency biased robust ZC sequence.

[0190] For the signal transmitter, N roots can be determined from the third root set. For example, if the signal transmitter is a network device, then the signal transmitter can determine N roots from the third root set. Regarding the method by which the signal transmitter determines N roots from the third root set, please refer to the description of the method for determining the first root in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0191] Alternatively, for the signal transmitting end, N roots can be determined based on signaling from other devices, as can be seen in the description of the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0192] The signal receiver can determine N roots based on the signaling from the signal transmitter, or it can determine N roots based on the signaling from other devices, or it can determine N roots in other ways. For details, please refer to the description of the signal receiver determining the first root in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.

[0193] If the signal receiver determines N roots based on signaling, it does not need to know the third root set. Alternatively, the signal receiver can also know the third root set; for example, it can obtain predefined protocol information to determine the third root set, or it can receive information from network devices to determine the third root set. The signal receiver can determine the ZC sequences corresponding to some or all of the roots in the third root set, and thus, after receiving the second LP-SS, it can directly perform coherent demodulation on the second LP-SS based on the local ZC sequence, reducing the processing latency of the second LP-SS.

[0194] The signal receiver receives the second LP-SS and can perform coherent demodulation on the signals on the M modulation symbols included in the second LP-SS according to the local ZC sequence (N ZC sequences corresponding to N roots). The specific coherent demodulation process can be referred to the previous introduction.

[0195] Please refer to Figures 15A to 15C, which show examples of several coherent demodulation results at the signal receiver. Figures 15A to 15C represent the coherent demodulation results of different LP-SSs. Figure 15A shows an example of multiple correlation results corresponding to one LP-SS. Figure 15A uses three correlation results as an example, and these three correlation results correspond to the rectangles in the upper, middle, and lower parts of Figure 15A. The horizontal axis of Figure 15A represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. In Figure 15A, the signal transmitter sends an LP-SS with a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0 as an example. The correct detection result should be a frequency offset of 0 and a time offset of 0 (i.e., the correlation result corresponding to the rectangle in the middle of Figure 15A), meaning that these three correlation results should correspond to only one correlation peak. However, due to the frequency offset introduced during the detection process, correlation peaks appeared at the following positions: time offset -2.5° and frequency offset -1°; time offset +1° and frequency offset -1°; time offset 4° and frequency offset -1°; time offset -4° and frequency offset 1°; time offset -1° and frequency offset 1°; and time offset 2° and frequency offset 1°. Among these, the correlation values ​​at the positions of time offset -2.5° and frequency offset +1°; time offset +1° and frequency offset -1°; time offset 4° and frequency offset -1°; time offset -4° and frequency offset 1°; time offset -1° and frequency offset 1°; and time offset 2° and frequency offset 1° are not superimposed, resulting in smaller peak values. However, the correlation peak at the position of time offset 0° and frequency offset 0°, as shown in Figure 15A, is actually the result of multiple superimposed correlation values, hence its larger peak value. Therefore, the signal receiver can confirm that this correlation peak corresponds to the received LP-SS. It is evident that making at least two of the N roots corresponding to LP-SS different can improve the detection accuracy of the signal receiver.

[0196] Figure 15B shows an example of multiple correlation results for another LP-SS. Figure 15B uses three correlation results as an example, corresponding to the rectangles in the upper, middle, and lower parts of Figure 15B. The horizontal axis of Figure 15B represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. In Figure 15B, the signal transmitter sends an LP-SS with a frequency offset of 1 subcarrier interval and a time offset of 0 as an example. The correct detection result should be a frequency offset of 1 subcarrier interval and a time offset of 0 (i.e., the correlation result corresponding to the rectangle in the lower part of Figure 15B). That is, these three correlation results should correspond to only one correlation peak. However, due to the introduction of frequency offset during the detection process, correlation peaks appear at the positions with time offset of -4 and frequency offset of -1, time offset of +2 and frequency offset of -1, time offset of 8 and frequency offset of -1, time offset of -2 and frequency offset of 0, time offset of +1 and frequency offset of 0, and time offset of 4 and frequency offset of 0. Among these positions, the correlation values ​​at time offsets of -4 and -1, +2 and -1, 8 and -1, -2 and 0, +1 and 0, and 4 and 0 do not overlap, resulting in smaller peak values. However, the correlation peak shown in Figure 15B at a time offset of one subcarrier interval and 0 frequency offset is actually the result of multiple correlation values ​​overlapping, hence its larger peak value. Therefore, the signal receiver can determine that this correlation peak corresponds to the received LP-SS. It is evident that ensuring at least two of the N roots corresponding to LP-SS are different can improve the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver.

[0197] Figure 15C shows another example of multiple correlation results corresponding to an LP-SS. Figure 15C uses three correlation results as an example, corresponding to the rectangles in the upper, middle, and lower parts of Figure 15C. The horizontal axis of Figure 15C represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency. In Figure 15C, the signal transmitter sends an LP-SS with a frequency offset of -1 subcarrier interval and a time offset of 0 as an example. The correct detection result should be a frequency offset of -1 subcarrier interval and a time offset of 0 (i.e., the correlation result corresponding to the rectangle in the upper part of Figure 15C). That is, these three correlation results should correspond to only one correlation peak. However, due to the introduction of frequency offset during the detection process, correlation peaks appear at the following positions: time offset -9, frequency offset +1; time offset -2, frequency offset +1; time offset 4, frequency offset +1; time offset -4, frequency offset 0; time offset -1, frequency offset 0; and time offset 2, frequency offset 0. Among these positions, the correlation values ​​at time offsets of -9 and frequency offsets of +1, -2 and +1, 4 and +1, -4 and 0, -1 and 0, and 2 and 0 respectively, do not overlap, resulting in smaller peak values. However, the correlation peak shown in Figure 15C at a time offset of -1 subcarrier interval and a frequency offset of 0 is actually the result of multiple overlapping correlation values, hence its larger peak value. Therefore, the signal receiver can determine that this correlation peak corresponds to the received LP-SS. It is evident that ensuring at least two of the N roots corresponding to LP-SS are different can improve the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver.

[0198] In summary, the embodiments of this application take into account that the time-domain offset of the correlation peak is related to the root of the ZC sequence, and the root of the ZC sequence may affect the position of the correlation peak. Therefore, the embodiments of this application can select a suitable root for signals using ZC sequences. For example, for the second LP-SS, at least two roots of the N ZC sequences on the N modulation symbols can be different, thereby improving the time-frequency synchronization performance of the signal receiver based on the second LP-SS.

[0199] Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1600 can be a signal transmitting end or its circuit system as shown in any of the embodiments depicted in Figures 7, 11, or 14, used to implement the method corresponding to the signal transmitting end in the above method embodiments. Alternatively, the communication device 1600 can be a signal receiving end or its circuit system as shown in any of the embodiments depicted in Figures 7, 11, or 14, used to implement the method corresponding to the signal receiving end in the above method embodiments. For example, one type of circuit system is a chip system. The signal transmitting end is, for example, a UE or a network device; the signal receiving end is, for example, a UE or a network device.

[0200] The communication device 1600 includes at least one processor 1601. The processor 1601 can be used for internal processing within the device to implement certain control processing functions. Optionally, the processor 1601 includes instructions. Optionally, the processor 1601 can store data. Optionally, different processors can be independent devices, located in different physical locations, or located on different integrated circuits. Optionally, different processors can be integrated into one or more processors, for example, integrated on one or more integrated circuits.

[0201] Optionally, the communication device 1600 includes one or more memories 1603 for storing instructions. Optionally, the memories 1603 may also store data. The processor and the memories may be separate or integrated together.

[0202] Optionally, the communication device 1600 includes a communication line 1602 and at least one communication interface 1604. Since the memory 1603, communication line 1602, and communication interface 1604 are all optional, they are all represented by dashed lines in Figure 16.

[0203] Optionally, the communication device 1600 may further include a transceiver and / or an antenna. The transceiver can be used to send information to or receive information from other devices. The transceiver may be referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver circuit, input / output interface, etc., and is used to realize the transmission and reception functions of the communication device 1600 via the antenna. Optionally, the transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver. For example, the transmitter can be used to generate a radio frequency (RF) signal from a baseband signal, and the receiver can be used to convert the RF signal back into a baseband signal.

[0204] Processor 1601 may include a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of programs according to the present application.

[0205] Communication line 1602 may include a path for transmitting information between the aforementioned components.

[0206] The communication interface 1604 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wired access network, etc.

[0207] Memory 1603 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. Memory 1603 may exist independently and be connected to processor 1601 via communication line 1602. Alternatively, memory 1603 may be integrated with processor 1601.

[0208] The memory 1603 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the present application scheme, and its execution is controlled by the processor 1601. The processor 1601 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 1603 to implement the steps performed by the signal transmitting end in the embodiment shown in any of the figures 7, 11, or 14, and / or the steps performed by the signal receiving end in the embodiment shown in any of the figures 7, 11, or 14.

[0209] Optionally, the computer execution instructions in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0210] In a specific implementation, as one example, processor 1601 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG16.

[0211] In a specific implementation, as one embodiment, the communication device 1600 may include multiple processors, such as processors 1601 and 1605 in FIG. 16. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. Here, a processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0212] When the device shown in Figure 16 is a chip, such as a chip for transmitting signals or a chip for receiving signals, the chip includes a processor 1601 (and may also include a processor 1605), a communication line 1602, and a communication interface 1604. Optionally, it may include a memory 1603. Specifically, the communication interface 1604 may be an input interface, pins, or circuits, etc. The memory 1603 may be a register, cache, etc. The processor 1601 and processor 1605 may be a general-purpose CPU, microprocessor, ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of a program that controls the communication method of any of the above embodiments.

[0213] This application embodiment can divide the device into functional modules according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional modules, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated modules can be implemented in hardware or software functional modules. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, when dividing each functional module according to its own function, Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a device. The device 1700 can be the signal transmitting end or signal receiving end involved in the above method embodiments, or it can be a chip in the signal transmitting end or a chip in the signal receiving end. The device 1700 includes a processing unit 1702 and a transceiver unit 1701.

[0214] It should be understood that the device 1700 can be used to implement the steps performed by the signal transmitting end and / or the signal receiving end in the communication method of the embodiments of this application. The relevant features can be referred to the embodiments shown in any of the above figures 7, 11 or 14, and will not be repeated here.

[0215] Optionally, the functions / implementation processes of the transceiver unit 1701 and processing unit 1702 in Figure 17 can be implemented by the processor 1601 in Figure 16 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 1603. Alternatively, the functions / implementation processes of the processing unit 1702 in Figure 17 can be implemented by the processor 1601 in Figure 16 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 1603, and the functions / implementation processes of the transceiver unit 1701 in Figure 17 can be implemented by the communication interface 1604 in Figure 16.

[0216] Optionally, when the device 1700 is a chip or circuit, the function / implementation process of the transceiver unit 1701 can also be implemented through pins or circuits, etc. Optionally, the transceiver unit 1701 may include a transmitting unit and / or a receiving unit, whereby the transmitting unit implements the transmitting function and the receiving unit implements the receiving function; or, the transceiver unit 1701 may be an integral module capable of implementing both transmitting and / or receiving functions. Optionally, the transceiver unit 1701 can be implemented using a transceiver.

[0217] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed, they implement the methods performed by the signal transmitting end and / or signal receiving end in the aforementioned method embodiments. Thus, the functions described in the above embodiments can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to it, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0218] This application also provides a computer program product comprising: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method executed by the signal transmitting end and / or the signal receiving end in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0219] This application also provides a processing device, including a processor and an interface; the processor is used to execute the methods performed by the signal transmitting end and / or signal receiving end involved in any of the above method embodiments.

[0220] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0221] The various illustrative logic units and circuits described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or operate the described functions using a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), ASIC, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor; alternatively, it can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented using a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.

[0222] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of this application can be directly embedded in hardware, software units executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software units can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium in the art. Exemplarily, the storage medium can be connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can be disposed in an ASIC, which can be disposed in the terminal device. Optionally, the processor and storage medium can also be disposed in different components of the terminal device.

[0223] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0224] The contents of the various embodiments of this application can be referenced to each other. Unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0225] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the signal transmitting end and / or the signal receiving end may execute some or all of the steps in the embodiments of this application. These steps or operations are merely examples. In the embodiments of this application, other operations or variations of various operations may also be performed. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in different orders as presented in the embodiments of this application, and it is not necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of this application.

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