Pilot transmission method and apparatus, and storage medium

Abstract

Provided are a pilot transmission method and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method comprises: determining at least one pilot sequence on the basis of predefined information, wherein the predefined information comprises a first-type parameter and / or a second-type parameter, the first-type parameter is related to transport block configuration information, and the second-type parameter is related to pilot configuration information; and mapping the at least one pilot sequence to a transmission resource and sending same.

Description

Pilot transmission method, device and storage medium

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202510121247.7, filed on January 24, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a pilot transmission method, apparatus and storage medium. Background Technology

[0003] In current passive IoT communication systems, pilot signals play a crucial role, primarily consisting of preambles, midambles, and postambles. These pilot signals are mainly used to identify the start of data, for channel or interference estimation, and for sample frequency offset (SFO) estimation. However, the specific pilot sequences or combinations thereof to be used in which cases require further investigation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] On the one hand, a pilot transmission method is provided, applied to the first node, the method comprising:

[0005] At least one pilot sequence is determined based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to the transport block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to the pilot configuration information; and at least one pilot sequence is mapped onto a transport resource for transmission.

[0006] On the other hand, a pilot transmission method is provided for application at a second node, the method comprising:

[0007] At least one pilot sequence is received on the transmission resource, the at least one pilot sequence being determined based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to the transmission block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to the pilot configuration information.

[0008] On another front, a pilot transmission device is provided for use at a first node, the device comprising:

[0009] A processing module is used to determine at least one pilot sequence based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to transport block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information; and a communication module is used to map the at least one pilot sequence onto a transport resource for transmission.

[0010] On another front, a pilot transmission device is provided for use at a second node, the device comprising:

[0011] A communication module is used to receive at least one pilot sequence on transmission resources, wherein the at least one pilot sequence is determined based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to transmission block configuration information; and the second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information.

[0012] In another aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is used to store computer program instructions executable by the processor; and the processor implements the pilot transmission method of any of the above embodiments when executing the computer program instructions.

[0013] In another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, including a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer (e.g., a communication device or a pilot transmission device), implement the pilot transmission method of any of the above embodiments.

[0014] In another aspect, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the pilot transmission method of any of the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to some embodiments.

[0017] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a pilot transmission method provided according to some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0023] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0024] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0025] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0026] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0028] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0029] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0030] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0031] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0032] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0033] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0034] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0035] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0036] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0037] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0038] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0039] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram showing a performance comparison of a communication system according to some embodiments.

[0040] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of another pilot configuration process provided according to some embodiments.

[0041] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0042] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0043] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0044] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0045] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0046] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of yet another pilot configuration provided according to some embodiments.

[0047] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram showing a performance comparison of another communication system according to some embodiments.

[0048] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram comparing the performance of another communication system according to some embodiments.

[0049] Figure 34 is a flowchart of another pilot transmission method provided according to some embodiments.

[0050] Figure 35 is a block diagram of a pilot transmission device according to some embodiments.

[0051] Figure 36 is a block diagram of another pilot transmission device provided according to some embodiments.

[0052] Figure 37 is a block diagram of the structure of a communication device according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the technical solutions of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0054] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. The terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily imply differences.

[0055] It should be noted that in this disclosure, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in this disclosure should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0056] Passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, in terms of energy storage and signal transmission capabilities, is categorized into three device types: Type I: Passive, without energy storage devices, with a peak power consumption of approximately 1 microwatt, transmitting signals via backscattering. Type II: Semi-active, with a small amount of energy storage devices, with a peak power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, transmitting device-to-reader (D2R) signals via backscattering. Type III: Active, with energy storage devices, with a peak power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, autonomously generating and transmitting D2R signals.

[0057] In related technologies, passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication is classified into three types: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b. Device 1: Peak power consumption is approximately 1 microwatt (μW), with energy storage capabilities. The device does not amplify downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) signals internally. Uplink transmission is achieved by reflecting an externally provided carrier wave (CW). Device 2a: Peak power consumption does not exceed several hundred microwatts (μW), with energy storage capabilities. The device may contain downlink and / or uplink signal amplification capabilities internally. Uplink transmission is also achieved by reflecting an externally provided CW. Device 2b: Peak power consumption also does not exceed several hundred microwatts (μW), with energy storage capabilities. The device may contain downlink and / or uplink signal amplification capabilities internally. However, unlike Device 2a, the uplink transmission signal of this device is generated internally.

[0058] As passive IoT continues to evolve, the types of devices may increase, such as adding decevice 3, which has energy storage and signal generation functions, and its transmission power and / or power consumption are greater than decevice 2b, in the MW range. When a device needs to be charged, it receives a carrier wave for energy harvesting (CW for EH) sent by a reader (which can also refer to a node or intermediate UE) to obtain the energy required for receiving and transmitting signals. In passive IoT technology, due to the limited energy harvested, the complexity of the corresponding tag devices is very low. When a device transmits signals in a backscattered manner, it needs to use the CW sent by the reader for backscattering to modulate the information to be transmitted onto the CW for transmission. In current passive IoT communication systems, pilot signals play a crucial role, and they mainly include preamble, midamble, and postamble. These pilot signals are mainly used to identify the starting position of data, channel estimation or interference estimation, and SFO estimation, etc. However, further research is needed on issues such as which pilot sequence or combination of pilot sequences should be used in which specific situations, how to set the length of the pilot sequence, and how to indicate the position of the pilot sequence.

[0059] In New Radio (NR), the preamble is primarily used in the random access procedure, serving the following main functions: 1) Uplink synchronization: It helps the user equipment (UE) and the base station (gNB) establish uplink synchronization, ensuring that the signals sent by the UE can be correctly received and understood by the base station. 2) UE identification: Although the preamble itself does not contain explicit UE identification information, it plays a role in identifying the UE during the random access process, enabling the base station to recognize that a UE is attempting to access the network. 3) Selection of auxiliary resources: Based on the time-frequency location of the received preamble and its index, the gNB determines the UE's location and related information, and then performs subsequent resource allocation and processing. 4) Adaptation to different coverage scenarios: NR defines various preamble formats, including long formats (e.g., format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3) and short formats (e.g., a1 / a2 / a3 / b1 / b2 / b3 / c0 / c2). Different pilots have different cyclic prefix lengths, preamble sequence lengths, guard interval lengths, and repetition counts, and can be applied to different coverage scenarios.

[0060] In radio frequency identification (RFID), a preamble is typically a specific code or sequence located at the beginning of a data packet. Its main functions include synchronization, helping the receiving device (e.g., a reader) synchronize with the transmitting signal (tag), ensuring the accuracy and timing consistency of data transmission; and identifying the start of a data packet, allowing the receiver to identify the starting position of a new data packet. Additionally, preambles can be used for channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO (Search Engine Optimization) estimation.

[0061] Here, the prefix in passive IoT communication functions similarly to the preamble code in RFID. It is a specific code or sequence located at the beginning of a data packet, typically serving as the start of a data packet (data transmission block). Its main functions include synchronization, identifying the start of data, and channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO estimation. This helps the receiver accurately identify and synchronize the start of data, thus correctly parsing subsequent data content. The prefix (preamble) has other names, such as preamble, preamble code, preamble code sequence, etc., which are not limited in this disclosure. The infix, characterized by information bits before and after the sequence, is usually located in the middle of the data packet (data transmission block) and is used for further channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO estimation. This helps the receiver more accurately understand channel changes, thus more effectively combating interference and noise in the channel. The infix (midamble) has other names, such as midamble, midamble code, midamble code sequence, etc., which are not limited in this disclosure. The suffix, characterized by information bits before the sequence, is usually located at the end of the data packet (data transmission block) and is used to identify the end of data. This helps the receiver accurately identify the boundaries of data packets, thus correctly ending data reception and processing. Besides identifying the end of data, the postamble can also be used for other purposes, such as channel estimation, interference estimation, SFO estimation, verifying data packet integrity, and performing synchronization adjustments. These functions help improve the reliability and stability of communication systems. The postamble has other names, such as postamble, postamble code, postamble sequence, etc., and this disclosure is not limiting in this regard.

[0062] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a pilot transmission method, which includes: determining at least one pilot sequence based on predefined information. Here, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters and / or a second type of parameters; the first type of parameters are related to transport block configuration information; and the second type of parameters are related to pilot configuration information. Since the pilot sequence, transport block configuration information, and pilot configuration information are closely related, at least one pilot sequence suitable for different communication environments can be determined based on the transport block configuration information and pilot configuration information, thereby improving the flexibility and accuracy of pilot sequence usage.

[0063] The pilot transmission method provided in this disclosure can be applied to systems with various communication standards. For example, the systems to which the pilot transmission method provided in this disclosure is applicable include, but are not limited to, long term evolution (LTE) systems, various versions of LTE evolution, 5th generation (5G) communication systems, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, 3GPP-related communication systems, ambient internet of things (Ambient IoT) systems, or systems integrating multiple systems. In addition, the pilot transmission method provided in this disclosure can also be applied to future-oriented communication systems (such as 6th generation mobile communication networks (6G) and 7th generation mobile communication networks (7G) systems), and this disclosure does not limit this application.

[0064] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the network architecture of the mobile communication network (including but not limited to existing and future mobile communication networks) may include at least a first communication node and a second communication node. In the uplink, the first communication node may be a terminal-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a terminal), and the second communication node may be a network-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a base station). In the downlink, the second communication node may be a terminal-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a terminal), and the first communication node may be a network-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a base station). Here, the first communication node may be referred to as the first node, and the second communication node may be referred to as the second node.

[0065] For example, taking a first node as a tag and a second node as a reader, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to some embodiments. This communication system includes a tag 10 and a reader 20. The tag 10 and reader 20 are communicatively connected. There can be one or more tags 10 and readers 20, and the number is not limited. Here, the tag 10 can be a terminal-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a terminal), an IoT device, etc., and the reader 20 can be a network-side device (e.g., including but not limited to a base station), an access network device, a relay, an auxiliary communication node, etc.

[0066] In some embodiments, a terminal can be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. A terminal can be a passive device, an ambient IoT device, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical care, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, etc. The embodiments of this disclosure do not limit the application scenarios. A terminal may also be referred to as a tag, user, user equipment (UE), access terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, UE terminal, wireless communication device, UE agent, or UE device, etc., and the embodiments of this disclosure do not limit this to these terms.

[0067] In some embodiments, the base station may be a base station in LTE, long term evolution advanced (LTEA) or an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB), a base station device in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system, etc. The base station may include various macro base stations, micro base stations, home base stations, wireless remotes, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), routers, relays, transmit receive points (TRPs), wireless fidelity (WIFI) devices, UEs and other network-side devices. This disclosure does not limit this aspect.

[0068] It should be noted that Figure 1 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices included in Figure 1 and the names of each device are not limited. In addition to the devices shown in Figure 1, the communication system may also include other devices, such as core network devices. This disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0069] The application scenarios of the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited. The system architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this disclosure are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0070] This disclosure provides a pilot transmission method applied to a first node. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes the following steps:

[0071] S101. Determine at least one pilot sequence based on predefined information.

[0072] S102. Map at least one pilot sequence onto a transmission resource and transmit it.

[0073] Here, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter is related to the transport block configuration information. The second type of parameter is related to the pilot configuration information. The pilot sequence in this disclosure may also have other names, such as pilot, which will not be elaborated further. The transport block in this disclosure may also have other names, such as data transmission block (used for transmitting data, information, etc.) or information transmission block (used for transmitting data, information, etc.), which will not be elaborated further.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: transport block size, threshold value related to transport block size, sub-transport block size, number of sub-transport blocks, maximum sub-transport block size, time-domain symbol length, time-domain length of transport block, code rate of transport block, number of repetitions of transport block, maximum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, maximum chip length that transport block can use, minimum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, minimum chip length that transport block can use, time-domain symbol length currently used by transport block, time-domain chip length currently used by transport block, threshold value related to transport block time-domain symbols, number of time-domain symbols of transport block, threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols of transport block, number of time-domain symbols occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots, transmission time of transport block, and transmission time occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0075] In some embodiments, the second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: number of pilots, length of pilot sequence, length of pilot symbol, pilot position, pilot type, pilot interval, pilot start position, pilot position offset value, number of repetitions of pilot sequence, maximum time-domain symbol length that pilot sequence can use, minimum time-domain symbol length that pilot sequence can use, and current time-domain symbol length of pilot sequence.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first type of parameters is indicated by control information, and the second type of parameters is indicated by control information or determined by a predefined method.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pilot type includes at least one of the following: prefix, infix, and suffix.

[0078] It is understandable that an original information bit 1, after being Manchester encoded, becomes 01. The time domain duration corresponding to the 0 or 1 symbol is the chip duration. Therefore, the duration of one information bit is equal to the length of 2 chips.

[0079] In some embodiments, at least one pilot sequence is selected from a predefined set of pilot sequences or a set of candidate pilot sequences based on predefined information; at least one of the following operations—encoding, repetition, and modulation—is performed on the at least one pilot sequence; and the resulting pilot sequence is mapped onto transmission resources for transmission. Here, transmission resources include at least one of the time domain, frequency domain, and code domain.

[0080] In some embodiments, when the pilot type is determined to be prefix or infix, at least one pilot sequence is selected from a predefined set of pilot sequences or a set of candidate pilot sequences, taking into account the pilot sequence length.

[0081] Here, the predefined set of pilot sequences or the candidate set of pilot sequences is determined based on at least one of the following: cell identification information, user identification information, tag identification information, equipment type, operating mode, number of available carriers, and modulation method.

[0082] For example, when the first node determines that the pilot type is prefix and infix, the prefix sequence length is 64 and the infix sequence length is 32. It selects a prefix with a sequence length of 64 and an infix with a sequence length of 32 from the pilot sequence set. Based on the number of pilots corresponding to different pilot types and the position information of the pilots, the prefix and suffix are mapped to the corresponding transmission resources to generate pilot signals, which are then sent to the second node.

[0083] In some embodiments, if the pilot type is prefix and infix, the prefix length and infix length are indicated separately by signaling; or only the prefix length is indicated, and then the infix length is obtained through the association between the prefix and infix. For example, the prefix and infix lengths are equal, or the infix length is less than the prefix length. For example, when the prefix length is 64, the infix length is 32. If the pilot type is prefix and suffix, the prefix length and suffix length are indicated separately by signaling, or only the prefix length is indicated by signaling, and then the infix length is obtained through the association between the prefix and suffix. For example, the prefix and infix lengths are equal, or the infix length is less than the prefix length. For example, when the prefix length is 64, the suffix length is 32. If the pilot type is prefix, infix, and suffix, the prefix length, infix length, and suffix length are indicated separately by signaling, or only the prefix length is indicated by signaling, and then the infix and suffix lengths are obtained through the association between the prefix, infix, and suffix. For example, the prefix, infix, and suffix lengths may be equal, or the suffix length may be less than the prefix length, and the infix length may be less than or equal to the suffix length. For instance, if the prefix length is 64, the suffix length is 32, and the infix length is 16; or if the prefix length is 64, the suffix length is 32, and the infix length is 32.

[0084] In some embodiments, the lengths of the prefix, infix, and suffix are determined by the chip length or the number of bits in the transport block included in the device-to-reader (D2R) protocol.

[0085] For example, when the chip length included in the tag-to-reader (D2R) is less than or equal to 156, the pilot type is only a prefix, with a prefix length of N1. The value range of N1 is {8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the chip length included in the tag-to-reader (D2R) is greater than 156 and less than or equal to 1632, the pilot type is a prefix and infix, with a prefix length of N2 and an infix length of N3. The value range of N2 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, and the value range of N3 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. Alternatively, when the chip length included in the tag-to-reader (D2R) is greater than 156 and less than or equal to 1632, the pilot type is a prefix and suffix, with a prefix length of N4 and an infix length of N5. The value range of N4 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, and the value range of N5 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the chip length of the tag-to-reader (D2R) is greater than 1632, the pilot type is prefix, infix, and suffix. The length of the prefix is ​​N6, the length of the infix is ​​N7, and the length of the suffix is ​​N8. The value range of N6 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, the value range of N7 is {16, 32, 64}, and the value range of N8 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the transport block size is less than 20 bits, the pilot type is prefix, and the length of the prefix is ​​N9. The value range of N9 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the transport block size is greater than 20 bits but less than 256 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix. The prefix length is N11, and the infix length is N12. The value range of N11 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, and the value range of N12 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the transport block size is greater than 20 bits but less than 256 bits, the pilot type is prefix and suffix. The prefix length is N13, and the suffix length is N14. The value range of N13 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, and the value range of N14 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}. When the transport block size is greater than 256 bits, the pilot type is prefix, infix, and suffix. The prefix length is N15, the infix length is N16, and the suffix length is N17. The value range of N15 is {32, 48, 64, 128}, the value range of N16 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}, and the value range of N17 is {16, 32, 48, 64, 128}.

[0086] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size, the threshold value including a first threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the transport block size is less than the first threshold value, the pilot type includes only the prefix. If the transport block size is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix; or prefix and suffix; or prefix, infix, and suffix. Here, if the transport block size is equal to the first threshold value, the pilot type may also include only the prefix, which can be determined based on specific circumstances.

[0087] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size, the threshold value including a second threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the transport block size is less than the second threshold value, the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, or a prefix and a suffix. If the transport block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, or a prefix, an infix, and a suffix. Here, when the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value is greater than the number of infixes when the transport block size is less than the second threshold value. It is understood that when the transport block size is equal to the second threshold value, the pilot type can also be a prefix and an infix, or the pilot type can include a prefix and a suffix, which can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0088] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and threshold values ​​related to the transport block size, including a third threshold value and a fourth threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the transport block size is less than the third threshold value, the pilot type includes only the prefix. If the transport block size is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than the fourth threshold value, the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, or a prefix and a suffix. If the transport block size is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, or a prefix, an infix, and a suffix. Here, when the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the third threshold value and less than the fourth threshold value is less than the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value. The third threshold value is less than or equal to the fourth threshold value. It is understood that if the transport block size is equal to the third threshold value, the pilot type may also include only the prefix. If the transport block size is equal to the fourth threshold value, the pilot type may also include a prefix and an infix, or a prefix and a suffix. It can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0089] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes the length of the pilot sequence, which takes at least one of the following values: 7, 8, 15, 16, 31, 47, 48, 63, 64, 95, 96, 127, 128.

[0090] In some embodiments, the pilot type includes a prefix and a suffix, the length of the prefix being greater than or equal to the length of the suffix; the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, the length of the prefix being greater than or equal to the length of the infix; the pilot type includes a prefix, an infix, and a suffix, the length of the prefix being greater than or equal to the length of the infix, and the length of the suffix being greater than or equal to the length of the infix.

[0091] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size, the threshold value including a second threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot spacing. If the transport block size is less than the second threshold value, the pilot spacing includes only the first pilot spacing; if the transport block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the pilot spacing includes both the first and second pilot spacings.

[0092] It is understandable that the transport block size is equal to the second threshold value, and the pilot interval may only include the first pilot interval, which can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0093] For example, as shown in Figure 3, the original data transmission block size is 96 bits. Pilots are added to the original data transmission block. Here, the pilot types include prefixes and infixes. There are two pilots, one prefix, and one infix. The first pilot interval is the first 80 bits of the original data transmission block.

[0094] For example, as shown in Figure 4, the original data transmission block is 400 bits in size. Pilots are added to the original data transmission block. Here, the pilot types include prefixes and infixes. There are 3 pilots, 1 prefix, and 2 infixes. The first pilot interval is 100 bits, and the second pilot interval is 200 bits. If the original data transmission block is encoded using 1 / 3 rate forward error correction (FEC) coding and 1 / 2 rate Manchester coding, the encoded transmission block is obtained. The first infix is ​​placed after the 600th bit of the encoded transmission block, and the second infix is ​​placed after the 1800th bit of the encoded transmission block.

[0095] In some embodiments, the pilot spacing is indicated directly by signaling, either by raw bit indication or chip duration.

[0096] For example, the data transmission block is 400 bits, the pilot interval for signaling indication is 180 bits, and the pilot type indication is prefix and infix. As shown in Figure 5, the first infix is ​​after the 180th bit position of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​after the 360th bit position of the data transmission block.

[0097] For example, the data transmission block is 400 bits, the current transmission bandwidth is 15 kHz, the current chip duration is 133.33 microseconds, and the pilot interval indicated by the signaling is 180 chip durations, when the pilot type indication is prefix and infix. As shown in Figure 6, the first infix is ​​after the 180th chip duration of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​after the 360th chip duration of the data transmission block.

[0098] For example, the information bits are 400 bits, the pilot interval for signaling is 150 bits, and the pilot type indicator is a prefix and an infix. As shown in Figure 7(a), the first infix is ​​after the 150th bit position of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​after the 300th bit position of the data transmission block. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 7(b), the first infix is ​​after the 150th bit position of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​after the 400th bit position of the data transmission block.

[0099] For example, the information bits are 1000 bits, the first pilot interval of the signaling indication is 200 bits, the second pilot interval is 300 bits, and the pilot type indication is prefix and infix. As shown in Figure 8, the first infix is ​​after the 200th bit position of the data transmission block, the second infix is ​​after the 400th bit position of the data transmission block, the third infix is ​​after the 600th bit position of the data transmission block, and the fourth infix is ​​after the 900th bit position of the data transmission block.

[0100] In some embodiments, the pilot spacing is determined based on at least one of the following: maximum chip length; minimum chip length; current chip length; first indication information; number of infixes; predefined offset value; time-domain length of the transport block; code rate of the transport block; number of repetitions of the transport block; maximum time-domain symbol length that the transport block can use; minimum time-domain symbol length that the transport block can use; current time-domain symbol length of the transport block; time-domain symbol related threshold value of the transport block; number of time-domain symbols corresponding to the transport block; number of repetitions of the pilot sequence; maximum time-domain symbol length that the pilot sequence can use; minimum time-domain symbol length that the pilot sequence can use; and current time-domain symbol length of the pilot sequence. Here, the maximum chip length and minimum chip length are determined by a predefined method or by signaling indication; the current chip length is related to the data transmission bandwidth; the maximum time-domain symbol length that the transport block can use and the minimum time-domain symbol length that the transport block can use are determined by a predefined method or by signaling indication; and the current time-domain symbol length of the transport block is related to the data transmission bandwidth.

[0101] In some embodiments, at least one pilot sequence comprises N pilot sequences, and the pilot spacing between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences satisfies at least one of the following:

[0102] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix. The pilot spacing between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences is the same, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0103] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N-1 pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between the N-1th pilot sequence and the Nth pilot sequence is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0104] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the interval between the Nth pilot sequence and the end position of the transmission block is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0105] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix and suffix. The pilot interval between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences is the same, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

[0106] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix and suffix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N-1 pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between the N-1th pilot sequence and the Nth pilot sequence is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3.

[0107] The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix and suffix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first X pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the last X pilot sequences is the second pilot interval. Here, X is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.

[0108] In some embodiments, the first pilot interval and the second pilot interval are obtained through signaling indication or a predefined method.

[0109] In some embodiments, the number of infixes is determined based on at least one of the following: the maximum sub-transport block size, the transport block size, the number of transport block time-domain symbols, and the current time-domain symbol length.

[0110] In some embodiments, the transport block time-domain symbol related threshold is determined based on at least one of the following: the current time-domain symbol length, the maximum time-domain symbol length, and the minimum time-domain symbol length.

[0111] For example, as shown in Figure 9, the pilot type includes prefix and infix, and the number of pilots is 4, including 1 prefix and 3 infixes. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilots in the first 3 pilots is equal and is the first pilot interval. The pilot interval between the 4th and 5th pilots is the second pilot interval, which is not equal to the first pilot interval.

[0112] For example, as shown in Figure 10, when the original data transmission block size is 400 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the number of pilots is 3, the first pilot interval is 100 bits, the second pilot interval is 200 bits, if the original data transmission block is Manchester encoded with a code rate of 1 / 2, the first infix is ​​placed after the 200th bit position of the encoded transmission block, and the second infix is ​​placed after the 600th bit position of the encoded transmission block.

[0113] For example, as shown in Figure 11, when the pilot type includes prefix, infix, and suffix, the first pilot interval is 100 bits and the second pilot interval is 200 bits. At this time, there are two infixes. The first infix is ​​placed after the 100th bit position of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​placed after the 300th bit position of the data transmission block. If the transmission block is Manchester encoded with a code rate of 1 / 2, the first infix is ​​placed after the 200th bit position of the encoded transmission block, and the second infix is ​​placed after the 600th bit position of the encoded transmission block.

[0114] For example, as shown in Figure 12, the pilot types include prefix, infix, and suffix, and the number of pilots is 6, including 1 prefix, 4 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot intervals between adjacent pilots in the first 5 pilots are equal and are all the first pilot interval. The pilot interval between the 5th and 6th pilots is not equal to the first pilot interval.

[0115] For example, as shown in Figure 13, the pilot types include prefix, infix, and suffix, and the number of pilots is 4, including 1 prefix, 2 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot spacing between adjacent pilots is equal.

[0116] For example, as shown in Figure 14, the pilot types are prefix, infix, and suffix, and the number of pilots is 6, including 1 prefix, 4 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot intervals between adjacent pilots in the last 5 pilots are equal and are all the first pilot interval; the pilot interval between the first pilot and the second pilot is the second pilot interval, which is not equal to the first pilot interval.

[0117] For example, as shown in Figure 15, the pilot types are prefix, infix, and suffix, with a total of 6 pilots, including 1 prefix, 4 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot spacing between adjacent pilots in the first 3 pilots is equal, and all are the first pilot spacing. The pilot spacing between adjacent pilots in the last 4 pilots is equal, and all are the second pilot spacing, which is not equal to the first pilot spacing.

[0118] For example, the pilot spacing is used to indicate the position of the infix. The pilot spacing is indicated by the number of chips. The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes can be obtained in the following way:

[0119] (1) The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes = (maximum chip length / current chip length) * a, where the maximum chip length is predefined or related to the data rate and / or bandwidth. Assuming the maximum chip length is 133µs, the current chip length is related to the transmission bandwidth. For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 15kHz, the current chip length is 133µs. 'a' is a predefined value, and its range is {180, 240, 300, 360}. As shown in Table 1, the value of 'a' is indicated by 2-bit signaling.

[0120] Table 1

[0121] (2) The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes = (maximum chip length / current chip length) * a, where the maximum chip length is predefined or related to the data rate and / or bandwidth. Assuming the maximum chip length is 133µs, the current chip length is related to the transmission bandwidth. For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 150kHz, the current chip length is 13.3µs. 'a' is a predefined value, and its range is {1800, 2400, 3000, 3600}. As shown in Table 2, the value of 'a' is indicated by 2-bit signaling.

[0122] Table 2

[0123] (3) The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes = (maximum chip length / current chip length) * a, where the maximum chip length is predefined or related to the data rate and / or bandwidth. Assuming the maximum chip length is 133µs, the current chip length is related to the transmission bandwidth. For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 1.92MHz, the current chip length is 2 / 1.92MHz ≈ 1.04µs. 'a' is a predefined value, and its range is {60, 80, 100, 120}. As shown in Table 3, the value of 'a' is indicated by 2-bit signaling.

[0124] Table 3

[0125] (4) The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes = (current chip length / minimum chip length) * a, where the minimum chip length is predefined or related to the data rate and / or bandwidth. Assuming the minimum chip length is 33.33 µs, the current chip length is related to the transmission bandwidth. For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 15 kHz, the current chip length is 133 µs. a is a predefined value, and its range is {45, 60, 70, 80}. As shown in Table 4, the value of a is indicated by 2 bits of signaling.

[0126] Table 4

[0127] (5) The number of chips used for the pilot spacing between infixes = (current chip length / minimum chip length) * a, where the minimum chip length is predefined or related to the data rate and / or bandwidth. Assuming the minimum chip length is 44.44 µs, the current chip length is related to the transmission bandwidth. For example, when the transmission bandwidth is 15 kHz, the current chip length is 133 µs. 'a' is a predefined value, and its range is {70, 80, 90, 100}. As shown in Table 5, the value of 'a' is indicated by 2-bit signaling.

[0128] Table 5

[0129] For example, the pilot interval value (pilot interval) is obtained by the number of infixes n, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0130] The example below does not consider cyclic redundancy check (CRC). If CRC is considered, CRC bits need to be added to the data transmission block.

[0131] For example, the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), where L is the total number of bits when the data transmission block is not encoded, and x is the offset value, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts. x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0132] For example, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the number of infixes is 2, the pilot interval of the infixes = floor((400-100) / 2) = 150 bits, and the offset value x is 100. For example, as shown in Figure 16(a), the first infix is ​​located after the 250th bit of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 400th bit of the data transmission block. Here, the second infix can also be considered a suffix (because its position overlaps with that of the suffix). Or, as shown in Figure 16(b), the first infix is ​​located after the 150th bit of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 300th bit of the data transmission block.

[0133] For example, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, the pilot types are prefix, infix, and suffix. The number of infixes is 2, the pilot interval of the infix is ​​floor((400-100) / 2) = 150 bits, and the offset value x is 100. As shown in Figure 17, the first infix is ​​located after the 150th bit of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 300th bit of the data transmission block.

[0134] Another example is that the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / 2*n), where L is the total number of bits in the data transmission block after Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, and x is the offset value, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the encoded data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the encoded data transmission block are divided into n equal parts. x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0135] For example, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, with 2 infixes. After Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, it becomes 800 bits. The pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((800-100) / 2) = 350 bits, and the offset value x is 100. For example, as shown in Figure 18(a), the first infix is ​​located at bit position 150 of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located at bit position 300. For example, as shown in Figure 18(a), the first infix is ​​located after bit position 450 of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after bit position 800. Or, as shown in Figure 18(b), the first infix is ​​located after bit position 350 of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after bit position 700.

[0136] For example, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, the pilot types are prefix, infix, and suffix, with 2 infixes. After Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, it becomes 800 bits. The pilot interval value of the infixes = floor((800-100) / 2) = 350 bits, and the offset value x is 100. For example, as shown in Figure 19, the first infix is ​​located after the 350th bit position of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 700th bit position of the data transmission block.

[0137] For example, when the pilot type includes prefix, infix, and suffix, the pilot interval value (pilot interval) is obtained by the number of pilots m. That is, the number of pilot intervals is the number of infixes plus one, or the number of pilot intervals is the number of infixes plus the number of suffixes, or the number of pilot intervals is the number of infixes plus the number of prefixes, where m is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The pilot interval value = floor(L / (m-1)) or the pilot interval value = ceil(L / (m-1)), where ceil means rounding up and floor means rounding down, and L can be the number of encoded bits or the total number of chips.

[0138] For example, as shown in Figure 20, the data transmission block is 300 bits. After FEC encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, the number of bits after encoding is 1800 bits. The total number of pilots is 4, including 1 prefix, 2 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot interval between adjacent pilots is 1800 / 3 = 600.

[0139] Understandably, if the pilot spacing value X between adjacent pilots is not even, X can be adjusted using X-1 or X+1.

[0140] For example, as shown in Figure 21, the data transmission block is 400 bits. After Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, the number of bits after encoding is 800 bits. The total number of pilots is 4, including 1 prefix, 2 infixes, and 1 suffix. The pilot interval is ceil(800 / 3) = 267 bits. The number of bits occupied by the pilot interval can be adjusted to an even number, that is, the pilot interval can be adjusted to 268 bits. Here, the pilot interval between the last infix and the suffix is ​​266 bits.

[0141] Another example is that the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / 6*n), where L is the total number of bits in the data transmission block after the data transmission block is encoded by FEC with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester with a code rate of 1 / 2, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the encoded data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, and x is a preset value or indicated by signaling.

[0142] For example, a data transmission block is 400 bits long, with pilot types of prefix and infix, and two infixes. After FEC encoding (code rate 1 / 3) and Manchester encoding (code rate 1 / 2), the total number of bits after encoding is (400)*1 / (1 / 3*1 / 2) = 2400. The pilot interval for each infix is ​​floor((2400-100) / 2) = 1150 bits. For example, as shown in Figure 22(a), the first infix is ​​located after the 1150th bit of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 2300th bit of the data transmission block. For example, as shown in Figure 22(b), the first infix is ​​located after the 1250th bit of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after the 2400th bit of the data transmission block.

[0143] For example, a data transmission block is 400 bits long, with pilot types including prefix, infix, and suffix. There are two infixes. After FEC encoding (1 / 3 code rate) and Manchester encoding (1 / 2 code rate), the total number of bits after encoding is (400)*1 / (1 / 3*1 / 2) = 2400. The pilot interval for each infix is ​​floor((2400-100) / 2) = 1150 bits. For instance, as shown in Figure 23, the first infix is ​​located after bit 1150 of the data transmission block, and the second infix is ​​located after bit 2300 of the data transmission block.

[0144] For example, the original information bits are 1000 bits, which are then FEC encoded at a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoded at a code rate of 1 / 2; the tag's moving speed is 3 kilometers per hour, the carrier frequency is 900 MHz, and the bandwidth is 15 kHz. The multi-frequency domain is 2.5 Hz, thus the channel correlation time is obtained.

[0145] The last pilot is placed at or near the end of the data, such as at bit 0, bit 250, bit 500, bit 750, bit 1000 of the original information bits, or at bit 0, bit 200, bit 400, bit 600, bit 900 of the original information bits.

[0146] When the pilot is placed at bits 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 of the original information bits, the time domain length of the subtransmission block size is 250 bits * 1 / (1 / 3 * 1 / 2) * 2 / 15k ≈ 0.2 seconds, and the ratio of the time domain length of the subtransmission block size to the channel coherence time is approximately 1 / 2.

[0147] The pilots are placed at bits 0, 200, 400, 600, and 900 of the original information bits. Here, the time domain length of one sub-transmission block is 200 bits * 1 / (1 / 3 * 1 / 2) * 2 / 15k ≈ 0.16 seconds, and the ratio of the time domain length of the sub-transmission block size to the channel coherence time is approximately 2 / 5. The time domain length of another sub-transmission block size is 300 bits * 1 / (1 / 3 * 1 / 2) * 2 / 15k ≈ 0.24 seconds, and the ratio of the time domain length of the sub-transmission block size to the channel coherence time is approximately 3 / 5.

[0148] The simulation conditions are as follows: under a tapped delay line (TDL)-A channel, the time spread is 30ns, 1 transmit and 2 receive, the transmission bandwidth is 15kHz, the chip duration is 133us, the data transmission block size is 1000 bits, the CRC is 16 bits, after FEC encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, and binary on-off keying (OOK) modulation, the SFO is a random number in the range of [10^4, 10^5]ppm, and the pilots are all 64-bit sequences. This sequence can be a 64-bit Golay sequence, or a 16-bit Barker code sequence repeated to obtain a 64-bit sequence, or a 63-bit m sequence padded with zeros or 1s to obtain a 64-bit sequence.

[0149] For example, as shown in Figure 24, pre represents the preamble, mid represents the midamble, post represents the postamble, mid 2 [500 100] indicates that the pilot type is preamble+midamble and there are 2 midambles. The midamble is located at the positions of information bits 500 and 1000. The others are similar and will not be described in detail.

[0150] As can be seen from the comparison results in Figure 24, when the block error rate (BLER) = 0.1, the performance (including the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the following combinations is basically similar to that of the following combinations: preamble + 3 midambles, with midambles located at information bits 300, 600, and 900; preamble + 4 midambles, with midambles located at information bits 200, 400, 600, and 900; or midambles located at information bits 250, 500, 750, and 1000.

[0151] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot type of at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes at least the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0152] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot type of at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes at least the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first type of parameter also includes the time unit T required to carry one binary bit. b .

[0154] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0155] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the time unit T required to carry one binary bit. b .

[0156] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameters. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the transmission time of the transmission block or the transmission time occupied by the transmission block and all its associated pilots, and the time unit T required to carry one binary bit. b .

[0157] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, the threshold value including a fifth threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the fifth threshold value, the pilot type includes only the prefix. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold value, the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix; prefix and suffix; prefix, infix and suffix.

[0158] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, the threshold value including a sixth threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the sixth threshold value, the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix and suffix. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold value, the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix. Wherein, when the pilot type includes prefix and infix, the number of infixes when the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold value is greater than the number of infixes when the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the sixth threshold value.

[0159] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and threshold values ​​related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, including a seventh threshold and an eighth threshold. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the seventh threshold, the pilot type includes only a prefix. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold and less than the eighth threshold, the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix and suffix. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold, the pilot type includes: prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix. Here, when the pilot type includes prefix and infix, the number of infixes is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold and less than the eighth threshold, and the number of infixes is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold.

[0160] It is understandable that the number of time-domain symbols in a transport block is equal to the seventh threshold, and the pilot type may only include the prefix; the number of time-domain symbols in a transport block is equal to the eighth threshold, and the pilot type may also include one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix and suffix, which can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0161] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, the threshold value including a ninth threshold value. The second type of parameter includes pilot spacing. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the ninth threshold value, the pilot spacing includes only the first pilot spacing. If the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the ninth threshold value, the pilot spacing includes the first pilot spacing and the second pilot spacing.

[0162] It is understandable that the number of time-domain symbols in a transport block is equal to the ninth threshold value, and the pilot interval may also include only the first pilot interval, which can be determined based on the specific circumstances.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first type of parameter is the transport block size and its preset threshold, and the second type of parameter is the pilot position offset value. When the transport block size is less than the preset threshold, the pilot interval only includes the first pilot position offset value; when the transport block size is greater than the preset threshold, the pilot interval includes the first pilot position offset value and the second pilot position offset value.

[0164] In some embodiments, the pilot spacing includes a first pilot position offset value and a second pilot position offset value, both of which are less than a threshold.

[0165] In some embodiments, the predefined information is a first type of parameter, which is the maximum subtransmission block size, and the second type of parameter is the pilot type.

[0166] In some embodiments, the predefined information is a first type of parameter, which is the maximum transport block size. When the transport block size is less than or equal to the maximum sub-transport block size, the pilot type is only a prefix. When the transport block size is greater than the maximum transport block size, the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix and suffix, or prefix, infix and suffix.

[0167] In some embodiments, when the transport block size is greater than the maximum transport block size, the pilot type is prefix and infix or prefix, infix and suffix, and the number of infixes can be determined by the maximum transport block size.

[0168] For example, the number of transport blocks is obtained based on the transport block size T to be transmitted and the maximum sub-transport block size S1. This leads to the subtransfer block size. Given the sub-transmitter block size S2 and the number of transmitter blocks m, an infix is ​​inserted between every n sub-transmitter blocks, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. Depending on the pilot type, such as prefix and infix, a simple approach is shown in Figure 25, where the number of sub-transmitter blocks m = 6, and an infix is ​​inserted between every two sub-transmitter blocks.

[0169] For example, the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), where L is the total number of bits when the data transmission block is not encoded, and x is the offset value, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts. x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0170] For example, as shown in Figure 26(a) or (b), when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the number of infixes is 4, the offset value x is 100, and the pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((1000-100) / 4) = 225 bits.

[0171] For example, as shown in Figure 27, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot types are prefix, infix, and suffix. The number of infixes is 4, the pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((1000-100) / 4) = 225 bits, and the offset value x is 100.

[0172] For example, the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / 2*n), where L is the total number of bits after the data transmission block is encoded using Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, and x is the offset value, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts. x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0173] For example, as shown in Figure 28(a) or (b), when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the number of infixes is 4, and after Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, it becomes 2000 bits. The pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((2000-100) / 4) = 475 bits, and the offset value x is 100.

[0174] For example, as shown in Figure 29, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot type is prefix, infix and suffix, the number of infixes is 4, after Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, it becomes 2000 bits, the pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((2000-100) / 4) = 475 bits, and the offset value x is 100.

[0175] For example, the pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / 6*n), where L is the total number of bits after the data transmission block is encoded by FEC encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, and x is a preset value or indicated by signaling.

[0176] For example, as shown in Figure 30(a) or (b), the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the number of infixes is 4, after FEC encoding, the code rate is 1 / 3, and Manchester encoding, the code rate is 1 / 2, the total number of bits after encoding is (1000)*1 / (1 / 3*1 / 2)=6000, and the pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((6000-100) / 4)=1475 bits.

[0177] For example, as shown in Figure 31, the data transmission block is 1000 bits, the pilot type is prefix, infix and suffix, the number of infixes is 4, after FEC encoding, the code rate is 1 / 3, and Manchester encoding, the code rate is 1 / 2, the total number of bits after encoding is (1000)*1 / (1 / 3*1 / 2)=6000, and the pilot interval value of the infix is ​​floor((6000-100) / 4)=1475 bits.

[0178] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter, which includes the subtransfer block size; the subtransfer block size includes at least one of the following: a first subtransfer block size, a second subtransfer block size, and a third subtransfer block size.

[0179] In some embodiments, the size of the first sub-transport block is less than or equal to that of the second sub-transport block; or, the size of the first sub-transport block is greater than or equal to that of the second sub-transport block.

[0180] In some embodiments, the size of the first sub-transfer block is less than or equal to the size of the second sub-transfer block, and the size of the second sub-transfer block is less than or equal to the size of the third sub-transfer block; or, the size of the first sub-transfer block is greater than or equal to the size of the second sub-transfer block, and the size of the second sub-transfer block is greater than or equal to the size of the third sub-transfer block.

[0181] In some embodiments, the subtransfer block size includes a first subtransfer block size, and the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix, prefix and infix, and prefix and suffix.

[0182] In some embodiments, the subtransfer block size includes a first subtransfer block size, a second subtransfer block size, and / or a third subtransfer block size, and the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix, infix, and suffix.

[0183] For example, as shown in Figure 32, when the information bits are 96 bits, the CRC is 16 bits, the pilot type is prefix and infix, and the performance (including SNR) of the infix is ​​located at different positions of the information bits.

[0184] pre+mid56 indicates that the pilot type is prefix and infix, with the infix located after the 56th bit of the information bits. The size of the first sub-transmission block is 56 bits. pre+post indicates that the pilot type is prefix and suffix.

[0185] The simulation conditions are as follows: under TDL-A channel, time spread is 30ns, 1 transmit and 2 receive, transmission bandwidth is 15kHz, chip duration is 133us, data transmission block size is 96 bits, CRC is 16 bits, after FEC encoding, code rate is 1 / 3, and Manchester encoding, code rate is 1 / 2, and OOK modulation, SFO is a random number in the range of [10^4, 10^5]ppm, pilots are all 64-bit sequences, which can be a 64-bit Golay sequence, or a 16-bit Barker code sequence repeated to obtain a 64-bit sequence, or a 63-bit m sequence padded with zeros or 1s to obtain a 64-bit sequence.

[0186] Referring to the comparison results in Figure 32, it can be seen that when the information bits are 96 bits, the closer the infix is ​​to the suffix, the closer its performance is to that of the prefix and suffix.

[0187] For example, as shown in FIG33, the original information bits are 400 bits, the first sub-transmission block size is 100 bits, the second sub-transmission block size is 250 bits, or the first sub-transmission block size is 150 bits, the second sub-transmission block size is 200 bits, or the first sub-transmission block size is 150 bits, the second sub-transmission block size is 200 bits, or the first sub-transmission block size is 200 bits, the second sub-transmission block size is 150 bits.

[0188] The simulation conditions are as follows: under TDL-A channel, time spread is 30ns, 1 transmit and 2 receive, transmission bandwidth is 15kHz, chip duration is 133us, data transmission block size is 400 bits, CRC is 16 bits, after FEC encoding, code rate is 1 / 3, and Manchester encoding, code rate is 1 / 2, and OOK modulation, SFO is a random number in the range of [10^4, 10^5]ppm, pilots are all 64-bit sequences, which can be a 64-bit Golay sequence, or a 16-bit Barker code sequence repeated to obtain a 64-bit sequence, or a 63-bit m sequence padded with zeros or 1s to obtain a 64-bit sequence.

[0189] In Figure 33, [100 200] indicates that there are 2 infixes, located after the 100th and 200th bits of the original information bits, respectively. It can also be considered that the size of the first transport block is 100 bits. [100 275] indicates that the infixes are located after the 100th and 275th bits of the original information bits. It can also be considered that the size of the first sub-transport block is 100 bits (before encoding) and the size of the second sub-transport block is 175 bits (before encoding). [150 350] + post indicates that the infixes are located after the 150th and 350th bits of the original information bits, and the suffix is ​​located at 416 bits (considering the 16-bit CRC).

[0190] Referring to the comparison results in Figure 33, it can be seen that, for prefix and infix, when the last infix is ​​close to the end of the data, the performance is closer to that of prefix, infix and postfix.

[0191] In some embodiments, the predefined information includes a second type of parameter, which includes the number of pilots and / or the pilot type; the number of pilots and / or the pilot type are indicated by a predefined method or by signaling.

[0192] For example, as shown in Table 6, 2-bit signaling is used to indicate the number of infixes.

[0193] Table 6

[0194] For example, as shown in Table 7, a 1-bit signaling is used to indicate whether an infix exists.

[0195] Table 7

[0196] For example, as shown in Table 8, a 2-bit joint indicator is used to indicate the number of infixes and whether a suffix exists.

[0197] Table 8

[0198] For example, as shown in Table 9, a 3-bit joint indicator is used to indicate the number of infixes and whether a suffix exists.

[0199] Table 9

[0200] Based on this, at least one pilot sequence is determined according to predefined information; here, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to the transport block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to the pilot configuration information. Since the pilot sequence is closely related to the transport block configuration information and the pilot configuration information, at least one pilot sequence (including pilots and pilot combinations, pilot length, pilot position, number of pilots, etc.) suitable for different communication environments can be determined based on the transport block configuration information and the pilot configuration information, improving the flexibility and accuracy of pilot sequence usage.

[0201] This disclosure provides a pilot transmission method applied to a second node. As shown in Figure 34, the method includes the following steps:

[0202] S201. Receive at least one pilot sequence on the transmission resources.

[0203] Here, at least one pilot sequence is determined based on predefined information. The predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter is related to transport block configuration information. The second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: transport block size, threshold value related to transport block size, sub-transport block size, number of sub-transport blocks, maximum sub-transport block size, time-domain symbol length, time-domain length of transport block, code rate of transport block, number of repetitions of transport block, maximum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, maximum chip length that transport block can use, minimum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, minimum chip length that transport block can use, time-domain symbol length currently used by transport block, time-domain chip length currently used by transport block, threshold value related to transport block time-domain symbols, number of time-domain symbols of transport block, threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols of transport block, number of time-domain symbols occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots, transmission time of transport block, and transmission time occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots. The second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: number of pilots, length of pilot sequence, length of pilot symbol, pilot position information, pilot type, pilot interval, pilot start position, pilot position offset value, number of repetitions of pilot sequence, maximum time-domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequence, minimum time-domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequence, and current time-domain symbol length of pilot sequence.

[0205] In some embodiments, the first type of parameters is indicated by control information, and the second type of parameters is indicated by control information or determined by a predefined method.

[0206] In some embodiments, the pilot type includes at least one of the following: prefix, infix, and suffix.

[0207] For a more detailed description of steps S201-S202, as well as a more detailed description of each technical feature therein, and a description of the beneficial effects, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above embodiments or examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0208] The foregoing primarily describes the solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure from a methodological perspective. The following also illustrates a pilot transmission apparatus for executing the pilot transmission method in any of the above embodiments and their possible implementations. It is understood that the pilot transmission apparatus, in order to implement the pilot transmission method, includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function; those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, in conjunction with the algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0209] This disclosure embodiment can divide the pilot transmission device into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or software. It should be noted that the module division in this disclosure embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. The following description uses the example of dividing each functional module according to each function.

[0210] Figure 35 is a block diagram of a pilot transmission device according to some embodiments, applied to a first node. The pilot transmission device 300 includes a processing module 301 and a communication module 302. Here, the processing module 301 is used to determine at least one pilot sequence based on predefined information; the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to transport block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information; the communication module 302 is used to map the at least one pilot sequence onto transport resources for transmission.

[0211] In some embodiments, the processing module 301 is configured to determine the pilot type of at least one pilot sequence based on a first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes at least the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0212] In some embodiments, the processing module 301 is configured to determine the pilot type of at least one pilot sequence based on a first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes at least the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0213] In some embodiments, the processing module 301 is configured to determine the pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in at least one pilot sequence based on a first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

[0214] In some embodiments, the processing module 301 is configured to determine the pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in at least one pilot sequence based on a first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the time unit T required to carry one binary bit. b .

[0215] In some embodiments, the processing module 301 is configured to determine the pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in at least one pilot sequence based on a first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the transmission time of the transmission block or the transmission time occupied by the transmission block and all its associated pilots, and the time unit T required to carry one binary bit. b .

[0216] For a more detailed description of the processing module 301 and the communication module 302, as well as a more detailed description of their respective technical features and beneficial effects, please refer to the corresponding method embodiment section above, which will not be repeated here.

[0217] Figure 36 is a block diagram of a pilot transmission device according to some embodiments, applied to a second node. The pilot transmission device 400 includes a communication module 401. Here, the communication module 401 is used to receive at least one pilot sequence on transmission resources, the at least one pilot sequence being determined based on predefined information; here, the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to transmission block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information.

[0218] For a more detailed description of the communication module 401, its various technical features, and its beneficial effects, please refer to the corresponding method embodiment section above, which will not be repeated here.

[0219] It should be noted that the modules in Figures 35 and 36 can also be called units; for example, a communication module can be called a communication unit. Furthermore, in the embodiments shown in Figures 35 and 36, the names of the modules may not be those shown in the figures; for example, a communication module can also be called a transmitting module or a receiving module.

[0220] If the units or modules in Figures 35 and 36 are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, in essence, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, or all or part of the technical solutions, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. Storage media for storing computer software products include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0221] In the case of implementing the functions of the integrated modules described above in hardware, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a possible structure for a communication device used to execute the pilot transmission method provided in embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in FIG37, the communication device 500 includes: a communication interface 503, a processor 502, and a bus 504. In some embodiments, the communication device may further include a memory 501.

[0222] Processor 502 may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 502 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 502 may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a microprocessor, etc.

[0223] Communication interface 503 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network. This communication network can be Ethernet, wireless access network, wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0224] The memory 501 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0225] In some embodiments, the memory 501 may exist independently of the processor 502. The memory 501 may be connected to the processor 502 via a bus 504 and is used to store instructions or program code. When the processor 502 calls and executes the instructions or program code stored in the memory 501, it can implement the pilot transmission method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0226] In other embodiments, memory 501 may also be integrated with processor 502.

[0227] Bus 504 can be an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 504 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in Figure 37, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0228] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) storing computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the pilot transmission method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0229] For example, the computer may be the pilot transmission device described above, and this disclosure does not limit the specific form of the computer.

[0230] In some examples, the aforementioned computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in this disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0231] This disclosure provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the pilot transmission method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0232] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pilot transmission method, wherein, Applied to the first node, the method includes: At least one pilot sequence is determined based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to transport block configuration information; and the second type of parameter is related to pilot configuration information. The at least one pilot sequence is mapped onto transmission resources for transmission.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: transport block size, transport block size-related threshold, sub-transport block size, number of sub-transport blocks, maximum sub-transport block size, time-domain symbol length, transport block time-domain length, transport block code rate, transport block repetition count, maximum usable time-domain symbol length for the transport block, maximum usable chip length for the transport block, minimum usable time-domain symbol length for the transport block, minimum usable chip length for the transport block, currently used time-domain symbol length for the transport block, currently used time-domain chip length for the transport block, transport block time-domain symbol-related threshold, and transport block time-domain... The second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: number of symbols, threshold values ​​related to the number of time-domain symbols in a transport block, number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, transmission time of the transport block, and transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots; the second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: number of pilots, length of pilot sequence, length of pilot symbol, pilot position information, pilot type, pilot interval, pilot start position, pilot position offset value, number of repetitions of pilot sequence, maximum length of time-domain symbols that can be used in pilot sequence, minimum length of time-domain symbols that can be used in pilot sequence, and length of time-domain symbols currently used in pilot sequence.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The first type of parameter is indicated by control information, and the second type of parameter is indicated by control information or determined by a predefined method.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The pilot type includes at least one of the following: prefix, infix, and suffix.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size, and the threshold value includes a first threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. The transport block size is smaller than the first threshold value, and the pilot type includes only the prefix; The transport block size is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, and the pilot type includes one of the following: Prefixes and infixes; or, Prefixes and suffixes; or, Prefix, infix, and suffix.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size. The threshold value includes a second threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. The transport block size is less than the second threshold value, and the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix and suffix; The transport block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix; Wherein, when the pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value is greater than the number of infixes when the transport block size is less than the second threshold value.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. The first type of parameter includes the transport block size and threshold values ​​related to the transport block size. The threshold values ​​include a third threshold value and a fourth threshold value. The second type of parameter includes the pilot type. The transport block size is smaller than the third threshold value, and the pilot type includes only the prefix; The transport block size is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, and the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix and suffix; The transport block size is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold value, and the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix; Wherein, when the pilot type includes prefixes and infixes, the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold is less than the number of infixes when the transport block size is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The pilot type includes a prefix and a suffix, wherein the length of the prefix is ​​greater than or equal to the length of the suffix; The pilot type includes a prefix and an infix, wherein the length of the prefix is ​​greater than or equal to the length of the infix; The pilot type includes a prefix, an infix, and a suffix, wherein the length of the prefix is ​​greater than or equal to the length of the infix, and the length of the suffix is ​​greater than or equal to the length of the infix.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters and the second type of parameters. The first type of parameters includes the transport block size and a threshold value related to the transport block size, and the threshold value includes a second threshold value. The second type of parameters includes the pilot spacing. The transmission block size is smaller than the second threshold value, and the pilot interval includes only the first pilot interval; The transmission block size is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, and the pilot interval includes a first pilot interval and a second pilot interval.

10. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter. Determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: determining the pilot type of the at least one pilot sequence based on the first type of parameter; the first type of parameter includes at least the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

11. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter, and determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: Based on the first type of parameters, the pilot type of the at least one pilot sequence is determined; the first type of parameters includes at least the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein, The first type of parameter also includes the time unit required to carry a binary bit.

13. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter, and determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: The pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence is determined according to the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the transmission time of the transport block or the transmission time occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter, and determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: The pilot spacing between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence is determined according to the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block or the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the transport block and all its associated pilots, and the time unit required to carry one binary bit.

15. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes a first type of parameter, and determining at least one pilot sequence based on the predefined information includes: The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the at least one pilot sequence is determined according to the first type of parameters; the first type of parameters includes the transmission time of the transmission block or the transmission time occupied by the transmission block and all its related pilots, and the time unit required to carry one binary bit.

16. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters and the second type of parameters. The first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, and the threshold value includes a fifth threshold value. The second type of parameters includes the pilot type. The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the fifth threshold value, and the pilot type includes only the prefix; The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold value, and the pilot type includes one of the following: Prefixes and infixes; Prefixes and suffixes; Prefix, infix, and suffix.

17. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters and the second type of parameters. The first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, and the threshold value includes a sixth threshold value. The second type of parameters includes the pilot type. The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the sixth threshold value, and the pilot type includes prefix and infix, or prefix and suffix; The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold value, and the pilot type includes: prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix; Wherein, when the pilot type includes prefix and infix, the number of infixes is greater than or equal to the sixth threshold when the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block is greater than the number of infixes when the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block is less than the sixth threshold.

18. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters and the second type of parameters. The first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and threshold values ​​related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block. The threshold values ​​include a seventh threshold value and an eighth threshold value. The second type of parameters includes the pilot type. The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is less than the seventh threshold value, and the pilot type includes only the prefix; The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold and less than the eighth threshold, and the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix and suffix; The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold value, and the pilot type includes: prefix and infix, or prefix, infix and suffix; Wherein, when the pilot type includes prefix and infix, the number of infixes is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold and less than the eighth threshold when the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold when the number of infixes is greater than the number of time-domain symbols of the transport block is greater than or equal to the eighth threshold.

19. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters and the second type of parameters. The first type of parameters includes the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block and a threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, the threshold value including a ninth threshold value; the second type of parameters includes the pilot spacing. The number of time-domain symbols in the transmission block is less than the ninth threshold value, and the pilot interval includes only the first pilot interval; The number of time-domain symbols in the transport block is greater than or equal to the ninth threshold value, and the pilot interval includes a first pilot interval and a second pilot interval.

20. The method according to claim 2 or 9, wherein, The pilot spacing is determined based on at least one of the following: Maximum chip length; minimum chip length; current chip length; first indication information; number of infixes; predefined offset value; time-domain length of transport block; code rate of transport block; number of repetitions of transport block; maximum time-domain symbol length that can be used in transport block; minimum time-domain symbol length that can be used in transport block; current time-domain symbol length used in transport block; time-domain symbol related threshold value of transport block; The number of time-domain symbols corresponding to the transport block; the number of repetitions of the pilot sequence; The maximum time-domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequences; The minimum minimum domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequences; The current time-domain symbol length used in the pilot sequence; The maximum chip length and the minimum chip length are determined by predefined means or signaling indication; the current chip length is related to the data transmission bandwidth; the maximum time-domain symbol length and the minimum time-domain symbol length that the transport block can use are determined by predefined means or signaling indication; the current time-domain symbol length used by the transport block is related to the data transmission bandwidth.

21. The method according to claim 4 or 9, wherein, The at least one pilot sequence comprises N pilot sequences, wherein the pilot spacing between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences satisfies at least one of the following: The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix, and the pilot interval between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences is the same, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N-1 pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between the N-1th pilot sequence and the Nth pilot sequence is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix and infix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the interval between the Nth pilot sequence and the end position of the transmission block is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix, and suffix. The pilot interval between any two adjacent pilot sequences in the N pilot sequences is the same, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3. The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix and suffix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first N-1 pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between the N-1th pilot sequence and the Nth pilot sequence is the second pilot interval. N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3. The pilot types of the N pilot sequences include prefix, infix and suffix. The pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the first X pilot sequences is the first pilot interval, and the pilot interval between two adjacent pilot sequences in the last X pilot sequences is the second pilot interval, where X is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The first pilot interval and the second pilot interval are determined by signaling indication or predefined method.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein, The number of infixes is determined based on at least one of the following: the maximum sub-transport block size, the transport block size, the number of time-domain symbols in the transport block, and the current time-domain symbol length.

24. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The transport block time-domain symbol related threshold value is determined based on at least one of the following: the current time-domain symbol length, the maximum time-domain symbol length, and the minimum time-domain symbol length.

25. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes the first type of parameters, which includes the sub-transfer block size; the sub-transfer block size includes at least one of the following: the first sub-transfer block size, the second sub-transfer block size, and the third sub-transfer block size.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The subtransfer block size includes the first subtransfer block size, and the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix, prefix and infix, and prefix and suffix.

27. The method according to claim 25, wherein, The subtransfer block size includes the first subtransfer block size, the second subtransfer block size, and / or the third subtransfer block size, and the pilot type includes one of the following: prefix and infix, prefix, infix, and suffix.

28. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The predefined information includes the second type of parameters, which includes the number of pilots and / or the pilot type; the number of pilots and / or the pilot type are indicated by a predefined method or by signaling.

29. A pilot transmission method, wherein, Applied to the second node, the method includes: At least one pilot sequence is received on the transmission resource, the at least one pilot sequence being determined based on predefined information; wherein the predefined information includes a first type of parameter and / or a second type of parameter; the first type of parameter is related to the transport block configuration information; the second type of parameter is related to the pilot configuration information.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: transport block size, threshold value related to transport block size, sub-transport block size, number of sub-transport blocks, maximum sub-transport block size, time-domain symbol length, time-domain length of transport block, code rate of transport block, number of repetitions of transport block, maximum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, maximum chip length that transport block can use, minimum time-domain symbol length that transport block can use, minimum chip length that transport block can use, current time-domain symbol length of transport block, current time-domain chip length of transport block, threshold value related to transport block time-domain symbols, number of time-domain symbols of transport block, threshold value related to the number of time-domain symbols of transport block, number of time-domain symbols occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots, transmission time of transport block, and transmission time occupied by transport block and all its associated pilots. The second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: number of pilots, length of pilot sequence, length of pilot symbol, pilot position information, pilot type, pilot interval, pilot start position, pilot position offset value, number of repetitions of pilot sequence, maximum time-domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequence, minimum time-domain symbol length that can be used in pilot sequence, and current time-domain symbol length of pilot sequence.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein, The first type of parameter is indicated by control information, and the second type of parameter is indicated by control information or determined by a predefined method.

32. The method according to claim 30, wherein, The pilot type includes at least one of the following: prefix, infix, and suffix.

33. A communication device, wherein, include: Memory and processor; The memory and the processor are coupled; The memory is used to store instructions that can be executed by the processor; When the processor executes the instructions, it performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 32.

34. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 32.

35. A computer program product, wherein, When the computer program product is executed, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 32.

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