Nonlinear distortion compensation method, apparatus, and system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of communications, and provide a nonlinear distortion compensation method, apparatus, and system. The method comprises: a second communication device sends first information to a first communication device, wherein the first information is used to indicate a nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device, and the nonlinear compensation capability comprises a time‑domain compensation capability and a frequency‑domain compensation capability, which are used for performing time‑domain compensation and frequency‑domain compensation on a received signal; when the first communication device requires nonlinear compensation, the second communication device uses the time domain compensation capability and the frequency domain compensation capability. In this way, compared with a method in which compensation is performed only in the time domain or only in the frequency domain, compensation in both the time domain and the frequency domain provides better nonlinear compensation performance for the first communication device.

Description

A nonlinear distortion compensation method, apparatus and system

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510112769.0, filed on January 23, 2025, entitled “A Nonlinear Distortion Compensation Method, Apparatus and System”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a nonlinear distortion compensation method, apparatus and system. Background Technology

[0003] In current wireless communication systems, the nonlinearity of the power amplifier (PA) at the transmitting end of the terminal device causes in-band and out-of-band distortion. In-band distortion affects signal quality and system throughput, while out-of-band distortion leads to spectrum regeneration and interference with adjacent channels, thus affecting spectral efficiency. This significantly limits the high throughput, low cost, and high energy efficiency characteristics of wireless communication systems.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies employ power back-off (BO) of power amplifiers to mitigate nonlinearity at the transmitting end of terminal equipment. However, power back-off reduces the energy efficiency of the power amplifier, leading to a decrease in output power and ultimately affecting the coverage area of ​​the transmitting end of the terminal equipment. Moreover, with the development of millimeter waves, their high-frequency and wide-bandwidth characteristics make solving the nonlinearity problem of power amplifiers increasingly difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a nonlinear distortion compensation method, apparatus, and system. This solution improves the performance of the power amplifier at the transmitter of a first communication device, which is insufficient due to the lack of nonlinear compensation caused by separate time-domain compensation or separate frequency-domain compensation, and greatly improves the efficiency of the power amplifier of the first communication device.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a nonlinear distortion compensation method, comprising: a second communication device sending first information to a first communication device. The first information is used to indicate the nonlinear compensation capability possessed by the second communication device. The nonlinear compensation capability includes time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability. Time-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the time domain. Frequency-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the frequency domain. The second communication device receives second information from the first communication device. The second information is used to indicate whether the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation. When the second information indicates that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation, the second communication device performs nonlinear compensation on the signal from the first communication device in both the time domain and the frequency domain.

[0008] In this application, the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes both time-domain and frequency-domain compensation capabilities. After the second communication device sends first information to the first communication device, the first communication device can determine that the second communication device has time-domain and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities based on the first information. When the first communication device sends second information to the second communication device indicating that the first communication device needs the assistance of the second communication device for nonlinear compensation, the second communication device enables both time-domain and frequency-domain compensation capabilities, thereby compensating for the received signal from the second communication device in both the time and frequency domains. Thus, compared to methods that compensate solely in the time domain or solely in the frequency domain, the simultaneous nonlinear compensation performance for the first communication device in both the time and frequency domains is better.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application further includes: when the second communication device determines that a first condition has been triggered, the second communication device deactivates its time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability. The first condition indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation. This allows the second communication device to avoid using its nonlinear compensation capability when nonlinear compensation is not required, saving energy and overhead on the second communication device.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application further includes: a second communication device receiving a communication signal and a pilot signal from a first communication device. The second communication device performs online learning based on the communication signal and the pilot signal to update its time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability. This allows for real-time optimization of the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device through online learning.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the second communication device includes a radio frequency (RF) device and an RF device controller. The nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes both the time-domain compensation capability of the RF device and the frequency-domain compensation capability of the RF device controller. This allows for compatibility with RF devices and controllers from different manufacturers.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application further includes: an RF device controller sending a request message to an RF device. The request message is used to request whether the RF device supports time-domain compensation capability. The RF device controller receives an acknowledgment message from the RF device. The acknowledgment message is used to confirm whether the RF device has time-domain compensation capability.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application embodiment further includes: when the second information indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation, the second communication device does not perform nonlinear compensation on the signal from the first communication device in the time domain and frequency domain.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a nonlinear distortion compensation method, the method comprising: a first communication device receiving first information from a second communication device. The first information is used to indicate the nonlinear compensation capability possessed by the second communication device. The nonlinear compensation capability includes time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability. Time-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the time domain. Frequency-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the frequency domain. The first communication device sends second information to the second communication device. The second information is used to indicate whether the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the method provided in this application further includes: a first communication device sending third information to a second communication device. The third information is used by the second communication device to determine whether to enable time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0016] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a nonlinear distortion compensation device. This device can implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The communication device can be a first network device, or it can be a device that supports the first network device in implementing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, such as a chip applied in the first network device. This device can implement the above method through software, hardware, or hardware executing corresponding software.

[0017] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a nonlinear distortion compensation device. This device can implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The communication device can be a first communication device, or it can be a device that supports the first communication device in implementing the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, such as a chip applied in the first communication device. This device can implement the above method through software, hardware, or hardware executing corresponding software.

[0018] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method as described in any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0019] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method as described in any of the possible implementations of the second aspect.

[0020] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product including instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method described in the first aspect or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0021] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product including instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform a communication method described in the second aspect or various possible implementations of the second aspect.

[0022] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device for implementing various methods in various possible designs of either the first or second aspect described above. The communication device may be the second communication device described above, or an apparatus containing the second communication device, or a component (e.g., a chip) applied in the second communication device. Alternatively, the communication device may be the first communication device described above, or an apparatus containing the first communication device, or a component (e.g., a chip) applied in the first communication device. The communication device includes modules and units corresponding to the methods described above. These modules and units may be implemented in hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the functions described above.

[0023] It should be understood that the communication device described in aspect nine above may further include a bus and a memory, the memory being used to store code and data. Optionally, at least one processor communication interface and the memory are coupled to each other.

[0024] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device comprising: at least one processor. The at least one processor is coupled to a memory, and when the communication device is in operation, the processor executes computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory to cause the communication device to perform any of the various possible designs of the first aspect or any of the first aspect described above. For example, the communication device may be a second communication device, or a chip applied in a second communication device.

[0025] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device comprising at least one processor. The at least one processor is coupled to a memory, and when the communication device is in operation, the processor executes computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory to cause the communication device to perform any of the methods described in the second aspect or any of the various possible designs of the second aspect. For example, the communication device may be a first communication device or a chip applied in a first communication device.

[0026] For example, the communication device can be a first communication device, or a chip applied in the first communication device.

[0027] It should be understood that the memory described in any of the tenth to eleventh aspects can also be replaced by a storage medium, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the memory described in any one of aspects ten to eleven can be a memory inside the communication device. Of course, the memory can also be located outside the communication device, but at least one processor can still execute computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory.

[0029] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device comprising one or more modules for implementing the methods of any one of the first, second, and third aspects described above. The one or more modules may correspond to the various steps in the methods of any one of the first, second, and third aspects described above.

[0030] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including a processor. The processor reads and executes a computer program stored in a memory to perform the methods in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. Optionally, the chip system may be a single chip or a chip module composed of multiple chips. Optionally, the chip system further includes a memory, which is connected to the processor via circuitry or wires. Further optionally, the chip system includes a communication interface. The communication interface is used to communicate with other modules outside the chip.

[0031] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including a processor. The processor reads and executes a computer program stored in a memory to perform the methods of the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof. Optionally, the chip system may be a single chip or a chip module composed of multiple chips. Optionally, the chip system further includes a memory, which is connected to the processor via circuitry or wiring. Further optionally, the chip system includes a communication interface. The communication interface is used to communicate with other modules outside the chip.

[0032] In a fifteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a nonlinear distortion compensation system, comprising: a first communication device and a second communication device. The second communication device is used to execute the method in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof. The first communication device is used to execute the method in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0033] Any of the devices, computer storage media, computer program products, chips, or communication systems provided above are used to execute the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects of the corresponding solutions in the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the input and output signals of a power amplifier with and without DPD provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between normalized output power and efficiency provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal passing through the transmitter in the terminal device and access network device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of a conventional receiver and a receiver with a neural network demapping function provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 7 is a receiver power consumption gain diagram provided by an embodiment of this application in a scenario with a frequency range of 1;

[0041] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a deep learning-based receiver provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 9 is a deep learning simulation result diagram provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional receiver, a receiver with a time-domain convolutional neural network, and a receiver with a frequency-domain neural network provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific implementation of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific implementation of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a chip structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0051] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0054] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more. "More than one" means two or more. "At least two (items)" means two or three or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0055] The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can be expressed as: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0056] Both "...when" and "if" indicate that a corresponding action will be taken under certain objective circumstances. They are not time limits, nor do they require a judgment action to be taken when the action is taken, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0057] The steps involved in the method for allocating computing tasks provided in this application embodiment are merely examples. Not all steps are mandatory, nor are all contents in each piece of information or message mandatory. They can be added or removed as needed during use.

[0058] In this application, the same step or a step or message with the same function can be referenced and learned from each other in different embodiments.

[0059] The system architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0060] As shown in Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in this application, the communication system includes: a first communication device 100 and a second communication device 200. The first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 are wirelessly connected.

[0061] The first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 can be terminal devices or access network devices.

[0062] As an example, in the first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200, one communication device is a terminal device and the other is an access network device. For example, the first communication device 100 is a terminal device and the second communication device 200 is an access network device; or, the first communication device 100 is an access network device and the second communication device 200 is a terminal device. The wireless connection between the first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 can be a radio resource control (RRC) connection.

[0063] As an example, both the first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 are terminal devices. For instance, the first communication device 100 is terminal device 1, and the second communication device 200 is terminal device 2. The wireless connection between the first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 can be a Bluetooth connection, etc.

[0064] As an example, both the first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 are access network devices. For instance, the first communication device 100 is access network device 1, and the second communication device 200 is access network device 2. The first communication device 100 and the second communication device 200 can establish a wireless connection via the Xn interface.

[0065] The following embodiments use a first communication device 100 as a terminal device and a second communication device 200 as an access network device as examples. The terminal device and the access network device have a wireless connection.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user apparatus.

[0067] Terminal devices can be devices that provide voice / data, such as handheld devices with wireless connectivity, in-vehicle devices, etc. Currently, examples of terminals include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks, or terminal devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc.

[0068] In this embodiment, the access network device can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. The access network device can be a network device, such as a base station. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master station, auxiliary station, motor slide retainer (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or similar entities, or combinations thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. A base station can also be a mobile switching center, equipment performing base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, network-side equipment in 6G networks, and equipment performing base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks using the same or different access technologies. Optionally, RAN nodes can also be servers, wearable devices, vehicles, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0069] In this embodiment, during communication between the terminal device and the access network device, the terminal device can receive signals from the access network device via a receiver or send signals to the access network device via a transmitter. Similarly, the access network device can receive signals from the terminal device via a receiver or send signals to the terminal device via a transmitter.

[0070] In one possible embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, a schematic diagram of a transmitter structure includes a cyclic prefix insertion module, an RF link, and an antenna. The RF link includes an in-phase / quadrature modulator, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a mixer, a filter, and a power amplifier (PA). When the baseband signal enters the RF link through the cyclic prefix insertion module, the RF link processes the baseband signal with the inserted cyclic prefix and finally transmits the processed baseband signal through the antenna. During amplification by the PA, the nonlinear characteristics of the PA can induce both in-band and out-of-band distortion.

[0071] In-band distortion refers to the distortion generated within the passband of a signal. In-band distortion affects signal quality and leads to an increase in the error vector magnitude (EVM). EVM is the root mean square difference between the demodulated signal before quantization and the desired digital signal, and is an important indicator of signal quality. For example, in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, when a single subcarrier uses high-order modulation, such as 64-state quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM), in-band distortion will cause a decrease in signal quality.

[0072] Out-of-band distortion refers to the phenomenon where distortion power extends beyond the signal passband and enters adjacent channels. In other words, out-of-band distortion can also be described as the power leakage of adjacent channels.

[0073] In one possible implementation, to address the problem caused by the nonlinearity of the power amplifier, the transmitter is typically compensated to make the nonlinearity linear. Examples include digital pre-distortion (DPD) or power back-off (BO).

[0074] Digital predistortion (DPD) technology can improve signal quality, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3(a) shows the input and output signals of a power amplifier without DPD, and Figure 3(b) shows the input and output signals of a power amplifier with DPD. From the output signals Y(f) in Figures (a) and (b), it can be seen that the signal quality is better after digital predistortion processing. However, DPD increases the complexity of the transmitter, as well as the difficulty and cost of its design and implementation, especially for high-frequency and broadband signals, where DPD processing is more complex and consumes more power.

[0075] Power back-off involves reducing the input power of a power amplifier, for example, by reducing the input power from the 1dB compression point by a certain amount, so that the amplifier operates in a linear operating region far from the saturation region. This reduces distortion and improves the system's nonlinearity after the input signal is converted into an output signal through the RF system. However, power back-off typically leads to reduced transmitter efficiency and a decrease in output power, affecting the transmitter's coverage and overall performance. Referring to Figure 4, which shows the relationship between normalized output power and efficiency, the power amplifier's efficiency also decreases when the output power is backed up.

[0076] With the development of communication technology, millimeter waves, characterized by high bandwidth and high frequency, have attracted widespread attention. However, due to their high frequency and high bandwidth, the efficiency and linearity of the power amplifiers (PAs) in the transmitters of terminal equipment or access network equipment are also reduced. In this case, if the power back-off method is continued, the transmitter's energy efficiency will be even lower, the output power will be lower, and the coverage area of ​​the transmitted signal will also be reduced.

[0077] To address the aforementioned issues, some related technologies employ nonlinear compensation methods at the receiving end. For example, machine learning-based receivers are used for distortion compensation. Specifically, an AI-driven receiver is used at the receiving end (e.g., access network equipment) to perform nonlinear compensation for the power amplifier at the transmitting end (e.g., terminal equipment). At the receiving end, a reference signal can be used for channel estimation, and the estimated channel state information is used for equalization.

[0078] As an example, taking the transmitter as the terminal device and the receiver as the access network device, as shown in Figure 5, Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the signal flow through the transmitter in the terminal device. The signal passes through the following stages in sequence: encoder, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator, serial-to-parallel converter (S / P), M-point discrete fourier transform (M-DFT), subcarrier mapping, N-point inverse fast fourier transform (N-IFFT), cyclic prefix (CP) insertion, radio frequency (RF) link, and finally transmitted through the antenna. Figure 5(b) illustrates the signal flow through the receiver in the access network equipment. The signal passes through the following stages: radio frequency link, cyclic prefix removal, serial-to-parallel converter, N-point fast fourier transform (N-FFT), phase noise compensation, equalization, M-point inverse discrete fourier transform (M-IDFT), parallel-to-serial converter (P / S), neural network (NN) demapper, and low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder. After the N-point DFT, the signal undergoes channel estimation, followed by phase noise compensation and equalization.

[0079] Simulation results, as shown in Figure 6, indicate that under the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the uncoded bit error rate (BER) from smallest to largest is: linear power amplifier, nonlinear power amplifier with added neural network, and nonlinear power amplifier. Under the same SNR, the block error rate (BLER) from smallest to largest is: linear power amplifier, nonlinear power amplifier with added neural network, and nonlinear power amplifier. Under the same SNR, the throughput from smallest to largest is: nonlinear power amplifier, nonlinear power amplifier with added neural network, and linear power amplifier. This demonstrates that the neural network can compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier, reducing the power back-off amount of the power amplifier in the terminal device without increasing the complexity of the transmitter's digital output device (DPD), thus achieving higher energy efficiency. Figure 7 shows the receiver energy consumption gain in the frequency range 1 (FR1) scenario. An estimated 35%-45% energy consumption gain is expected.

[0080] During signal transmission, traditional receivers typically perform channel estimation to obtain channel state information (CSI), and then use this information to detect and recover transmitted symbols. However, some emerging technologies, as shown in Figure 8, employ deep learning-based receivers, which differ from traditional receivers. Deep learning-based receivers, when recovering data, first use simulation data generated based on channel statistics to train a deep learning model offline, and then directly apply the trained model to the recovery of transmitted symbols online. This helps to more effectively solve the channel distortion problem.

[0081] Deep learning-based receivers treat OFDM modulation and the wireless channel as a black box and train the model using simulation data. Random data sequences are generated as transmission symbols and combined with pilot symbol sequences to form OFDM frames. During training and deployment, the pilot symbols need to remain fixed. The receiver at the receiving end (e.g., access network equipment) receives OFDM frames affected by channel distortion and uses these received signals along with the original transmitted data as training data.

[0082] For example, the input to a deep learning model might include received data from pilot blocks and data blocks. The goal of model training is to minimize the difference between the neural network output and the transmitted data, expressed using the L2 loss function:

[0083] in, X(k) is the prediction message, and X(k) is the supervision message, i.e., the transmitted symbol.

[0084] The deep neural network (DNN) model used consists of five layers, including three hidden layers. As shown in Figure 9, simulation results demonstrate that the deep learning-based method exhibits stronger robustness compared to the least squares (LS) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) methods. In complex environments with severe distortion and interference in wireless channels, the deep learning method shows significant advantages, proving that DNNs possess the ability to memorize and analyze the complex characteristics of wireless channels. Furthermore, the DNN model demonstrates good generalization ability; even when the conditions during online deployment are not entirely consistent with the channel model used in the training phase, the DNN model can still work effectively.

[0085] Based on the above description of related technologies, current machine learning-based intelligent receivers either introduce neural networks in the frequency domain or in the time domain on the basis of existing traditional receivers.

[0086] Taking the receiver of access network device 200 as an example, as shown in Figure 10(a), after the antenna (ANT) of the access network device receives the signal, the signal sequentially passes through the analog front end (AFE), decision feedback equalizer (DFE), cyclic prefix (CP) removal, fast fourier transform (FFT), linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) equalization and channel estimation, inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT), symbol demapper, and channel decoder. Specifically, after the signal undergoes the FFT, a demodulation reference signal is extracted from the received signal for channel estimation. Then, the signal is equalized and soft bits are extracted to provide a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for each data-bearing radio frequency device.

[0087] For receivers that introduce neural networks in the time domain: Since the power amplifier of the transmitter in the terminal device causes nonlinear distortion in the time domain, introducing a convolutional neural network (CNN) in the time domain to learn and detect such distorted signals, while maintaining the traditional receiver structure in the frequency domain, can more accurately detect nonlinear distorted signals and maintain lower computational complexity. As shown in Figure 10(b), after the signal passes through the decision feedback equalizer (DFE), it first passes through a time domain convolutional neural network (TD CNN) and then the cyclic prefix is ​​removed.

[0088] For receivers that incorporate neural networks in the frequency domain, the transmitted bits are directly estimated, rather than simply modeling and compensating for the nonlinear characteristics of the channel. For example, access network equipment estimates the received bits from the received frequency domain signal, while simultaneously constructing a model using unknown data symbols and known pilot symbols. As shown in Figure 10(c), after the signal undergoes a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), it passes through an FD CNN demapper and then directly enters the channel decoder.

[0089] Temporal convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excel at capturing and learning the patterns of signal variations over time, while frequency-domain CNNs focus more on the frequency characteristics of signals. However, the nonlinear distortion of terminal devices can be caused by a variety of factors, including but not limited to the signal modulation method, channel characteristics, and the hardware characteristics of the terminal device. Therefore, a single temporal or frequency-domain CNN may not be able to fully cover all influencing factors, and its effectiveness in improving the nonlinear performance of the terminal device's transmitter is limited. Moreover, terminal devices may not require nonlinear compensation; in this case, either temporal or frequency-domain CNNs become less flexible and cannot meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0090] Based on this, this application provides a nonlinear distortion compensation method. In this method, a second communication device deploys convolutional neural networks in both the time and frequency domains. By learning the nonlinear data of the first communication device offline and online, it performs nonlinear compensation on the transmitter of the first communication device. This can maximize the power amplifier efficiency and network coverage of the transmitter of the first communication device. Furthermore, in some cases, it can revert to a traditional receiver, enabling a bypassable neural network. That is, under certain circumstances, the convolutional neural network can be omitted, thereby achieving the goal of not increasing the power consumption of the second communication device.

[0091] In this application embodiment, the specific structure of the execution entity of the nonlinear distortion compensation method is not particularly limited, as long as it can communicate according to the communication method of this application embodiment by running a program that records the code of the nonlinear distortion compensation method of this application embodiment. For example, the execution entity of the nonlinear distortion compensation method provided in this application embodiment can be a functional module in a second communication device that can call and execute a program, or a communication device applied in the second communication device, such as a chip, chip system, integrated circuit, etc. These chips, chip systems, and integrated circuits can be disposed inside the second communication device or can be independent of the second communication device, and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions. For example, the execution entity of the nonlinear distortion compensation method provided in this application embodiment can be a functional module in a first communication device that can call and execute a program, or a communication device applied in the first communication device, such as a chip, chip system, integrated circuit, etc. These chips, chip systems, and integrated circuits can be disposed inside the first communication device or can be independent of the first communication device, and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions.

[0092] The following embodiments use a second communication device as an example to describe a nonlinear distortion compensation method. Unless otherwise specified, the solutions in the following embodiments can be combined.

[0093] The following embodiments are described using an access network device as an example to illustrate a communication method. Where there is no conflict, the solutions in the following embodiments can be combined.

[0094] As shown in Figure 11, Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a nonlinear distortion compensation method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes:

[0095] Step 1101: The second communication device sends first information to the first communication device. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the first information from the second communication device.

[0096] The first piece of information indicates the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device. The nonlinear compensation capability includes time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability. Specifically, time-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the time domain. Frequency-domain compensation capability indicates that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the frequency domain.

[0097] For example, the first information may include first indication information, which indicates that the second communication device has time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability. Alternatively, the first information may include second and third indication information. The second indication information indicates whether time-domain compensation capability is present. The third indication information indicates whether frequency-domain compensation capability is present.

[0098] In one possible embodiment of this application, the time-domain compensation capability refers to the second communication device performing time-domain compensation on the received signal through a first convolutional neural network.

[0099] As an example, the second communication device is based on deep learning. First, it collects and preprocesses data; then, it extracts the temporal features of the signal through the first convolutional neural network and establishes a temporal convolutional neural network model based on the temporal features of the signal for temporal compensation.

[0100] In one specific implementation, the second communication device, based on its time-domain compensation capability, first estimates the time delay of the signal, and then performs time-domain compensation on the signal based on the time delay estimate.

[0101] In one possible embodiment of this application, frequency domain compensation capability refers to the second communication device performing frequency domain compensation on the received signal through a second convolutional neural network.

[0102] As an example, the second communication device uses deep learning to generate data to train a second convolutional neural network for channel estimation, and then performs frequency domain compensation after obtaining the channel estimation results.

[0103] In one specific implementation, the second communication device, based on its frequency domain compensation capability, first determines the magnitude of the frequency offset of the signal to obtain the frequency offset value; then calculates a compensation matrix based on the frequency offset value, which is used to adjust the phase of the frequency domain signal; and finally applies the compensation matrix to the frequency domain signal to perform compensation.

[0104] In this embodiment of the application, a first convolutional neural network and a second convolutional neural network can be deployed in the time domain and the frequency domain, respectively, so that the second communication device can have frequency domain compensation capability and time domain compensation capability.

[0105] In one possible embodiment of this application, the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device may further include three cases:

[0106] Scenario 1: The second communication device has time-domain compensation capability but not frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0107] For example, the second communication device can deploy the first convolutional neural network in the time domain, but not deploy the second convolutional neural network in the frequency domain, or the second convolutional neural network cannot be used. In this way, the second communication device can have time domain compensation capability, but not frequency domain compensation capability.

[0108] In one possible implementation, if the second communication device has time-domain compensation capability, the first information indicates that the second communication device has time-domain compensation capability.

[0109] Scenario 2: The second communication device has frequency domain compensation capability but not time domain compensation capability.

[0110] For example, a second convolutional neural network can be deployed in the frequency domain in the second communication device, while the first convolutional neural network is not deployed in the time domain, or the first convolutional neural network cannot be used. In this way, the second communication device can have frequency domain compensation capability, but not time domain compensation capability.

[0111] In one possible implementation, if the second communication device has frequency domain compensation capability, the first information indicates that the second communication device has frequency domain compensation capability.

[0112] Scenario 3: The second communication device does not have time-domain compensation capability, nor does it have frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0113] In other words, the receiver in the second communication device in this case is a conventional receiver.

[0114] For example, the second communication device may not deploy a second convolutional neural network in the frequency domain, nor a first convolutional neural network in the time domain. In this case, the second communication device will not have frequency domain compensation capability or time domain compensation capability. Alternatively, although a first convolutional neural network may be deployed in the time domain and a second convolutional neural network may be deployed in the frequency domain, neither the first nor the second convolutional neural network can be used.

[0115] In one possible implementation, if the second communication device does not have frequency domain compensation capability and time domain compensation capability, the first information indicates that the second communication device does not have frequency domain compensation capability and time domain compensation capability.

[0116] Step 1102: The first communication device sends second information to the second communication device, and correspondingly, the second communication device receives the second information from the first communication device.

[0117] The second information is used to indicate whether the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0118] In one possible embodiment of this application, the method provided in this application may further include, before step 1102: a first communication device determining whether nonlinear compensation is required.

[0119] For example, if the first communication device determines that nonlinear compensation is needed, it can send first feedback information as second information to the second communication device. The first feedback information is used to indicate to the first communication device that nonlinear compensation is required.

[0120] For example, if the first communication device determines that nonlinear compensation is not required, it can send second feedback information to the second communication device as second information. This second feedback information indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0121] The following describes how the first communication device determines whether nonlinear compensation is required.

[0122] In one possible embodiment of this application, if the first communication device determines that it cannot compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier, then the first communication device may determine that it needs the assistance of a second communication device to perform nonlinearity compensation. For example, the first communication device may determine that it cannot compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier when its signal correction capability is weak or when it has energy-saving requirements.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the first communication device can determine whether the second communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation through performance monitoring and feedback. For example, the first communication device can monitor signal quality in real time. If the first communication device detects a significant drop in signal quality that cannot be improved by simple signal adjustments, then the first communication device determines that the second communication device needs to assist in nonlinear compensation. If the first communication device detects that the signal quality has not changed, or that the signal quality drop is within a preset range and can be improved by signal adjustments, then the first communication device determines that the second communication device does not need to assist in nonlinear compensation.

[0124] For example, given a preset signal quality threshold A, if the first communication device detects a signal quality X higher than A, the first communication device determines that the signal quality is poor and requires nonlinear compensation from the second communication device. Conversely, if the first communication device detects a signal quality X lower than A, the first communication device determines that the signal quality is good and does not require nonlinear compensation from the second communication device.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the first communication device can determine whether the second communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation through data analysis and prediction. For example, the first communication device can collect signal data over a period of time and predict the nonlinear effects that the signal may experience during transmission through data analysis. If the prediction results show that nonlinear distortion may have a significant impact on communication quality, the first communication device determines that the second communication device needs to assist in nonlinear compensation. If the prediction results show that nonlinear distortion will not affect communication quality, or that the impact is within a preset range, the first communication device determines that the second communication device does not need to assist in nonlinear compensation.

[0126] For example, based on signal data within a preset time period, if a machine learning algorithm predicts that the probability of the signal encountering nonlinear distortion during transmission is higher than a preset threshold, the first communication device determines that the second communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation. If the machine learning algorithm predicts that the probability of the signal encountering nonlinear distortion during transmission is lower than the preset threshold, the first communication device determines that the second communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0127] In one possible implementation, the first communication device can negotiate with the second communication device in advance to determine whether the second communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation. For example, when the first communication device establishes communication with the second communication device, the first communication device can determine whether the second communication device needs to assist in nonlinear compensation based on factors such as the type of communication service and the data transmission rate.

[0128] Of course, in one possible embodiment of this application, upon receiving the first information, the first communication device can determine that the second communication device has nonlinear compensation capability. In this case, the first communication device can directly send the first feedback information to instruct the second communication device to perform nonlinear compensation without needing to determine its own state. Alternatively, the first communication device can directly send the second feedback information to indicate that nonlinear compensation is not required.

[0129] When the first communication device instructs the second communication device to perform nonlinear compensation, the first communication device may or may not perform compensation when sending a communication signal to the second communication device; this application embodiment does not limit this. Similarly, when the first communication device instructs the second communication device not to perform nonlinear compensation, the first communication device may or may not perform compensation when sending a communication signal to the second communication device; this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0130] Step 1103: When the second information indicates that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation, perform nonlinear compensation on the signal from the first communication device in both the time domain and the frequency domain.

[0131] In one possible implementation of this application, the time-domain compensation function and / or frequency-domain compensation function of the second communication device can be kept on. Thus, after receiving the second information that requires nonlinear compensation, the second communication device can keep the time-domain compensation function and / or frequency-domain compensation function on, so that the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device are enabled.

[0132] Alternatively, in one possible implementation of this application, the time-domain compensation function and / or frequency-domain compensation function of the second communication device can be turned off. In this way, after receiving the second information that requires nonlinear compensation, the second communication device can turn on the time-domain compensation function and / or frequency-domain compensation function, so that the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device are enabled.

[0133] In one possible implementation of this application, after receiving second information indicating that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation, the second communication device can enable the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device.

[0134] "Enable" refers to activating a preset function or entering a preset state. For example, the second communication device can enable time-domain compensation and frequency-domain compensation capabilities, or it can enter a state where it can perform nonlinear compensation on the received signal.

[0135] It is understandable that enabling time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities in the second communication device implies that these capabilities are not enabled. Therefore, in another possible implementation, the time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities in the second communication device can also be kept enabled. When the second communication device receives second information indicating that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation, it can directly use its time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities to perform nonlinear compensation on the signal.

[0136] In one possible embodiment of this application, when the second communication device has time-domain compensation capability but not frequency-domain compensation capability, the second communication device uses the time-domain compensation capability after receiving second information indicating that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0137] For example, the second communication device can enable or activate time-domain compensation capabilities.

[0138] In one possible embodiment of this application, when the second communication device has frequency domain compensation capability but not time domain compensation capability, the second communication device uses the frequency domain compensation capability after receiving second information indicating that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0139] For example, the second communication device can enable frequency domain compensation capability or frequency domain and time domain compensation capability.

[0140] Of course, in this embodiment, the second communication device may also communicate with one or more first communication devices. Therefore, when the second communication device receives second information from first communication device A indicating that nonlinear compensation is needed, and second information from first communication device B indicating that nonlinear compensation is not needed, the second communication device can enable time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities for first communication device A, while de-enabling time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities for first communication device B. In this way, the second communication device can use time-domain compensation and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities to compensate for signals from first communication device A, but not to compensate for signals from first communication device B.

[0141] In this application, the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes both time-domain and frequency-domain compensation capabilities. After the second communication device sends first information to the first communication device, the first communication device can determine, based on the first information, that the second communication device possesses both time-domain and / or frequency-domain compensation capabilities. When the first communication device sends second information to the second communication device indicating that it needs the second communication device's assistance for nonlinear compensation, the second communication device enables both time-domain and frequency-domain compensation capabilities, thereby compensating for the received signal from the second communication device in both the time and frequency domains. Thus, compared to methods that compensate solely in the time domain or solely in the frequency domain, simultaneously providing nonlinear compensation performance for the first communication device in both the time and frequency domains offers better results.

[0142] In one possible implementation of this application, when the second communication device determines that the first condition is triggered, the method provided in this application embodiment further includes: the second communication device deactivating the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device.

[0143] The first condition is used to indicate that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0144] In one possible implementation, when the first communication device detects that the signal quality has reached the expected target, the second communication device no longer needs to perform nonlinear compensation. The first communication device sends a third message to the second communication device, which instructs the second communication device to enable time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0145] In this context, "de-enable" is the opposite of "enable" and is used to disable a certain function. For example, if the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device are enabled (e.g., marked as the first indicator), de-enabling the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability means disabling the time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability (e.g., marked as the second indicator). As an example, the first indicator and the second indicator in this embodiment can be represented by N bits. For example, the first indicator can be 1 bit (e.g., "1") or two bits ("11"). The second indicator can be 1 bit (e.g., "0") or two bits ("10").

[0146] In one possible embodiment of this application, after the second communication device uses the time-domain compensation capability and the frequency-domain compensation capability, the second communication device disables the time-domain compensation capability and the frequency-domain compensation capability according to a first condition.

[0147] In one possible embodiment of this application, after the second communication device uses the time-domain compensation capability, the second communication device disables the time-domain compensation capability according to a first condition. Alternatively, after the second communication device uses the frequency-domain compensation capability, the second communication device disables the frequency-domain compensation capability according to a first condition.

[0148] In one possible implementation of this application, the method provided in this embodiment further includes: a second communication device receiving a signal and a pilot signal from a first communication device. The second communication device performs online learning based on the signal and the pilot signal to update its time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0149] In one possible embodiment, the second communication device continuously collects correlation data of the signal and pilot signal, and uses the collected data to train a convolutional neural network model to update the parameters of channel estimation and frequency offset compensation. Finally, the second communication device updates the convolutional neural network model in real time based on the training results, so as to continuously optimize the time-domain compensation capability or frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0150] For example, the second communication device learns online based on the signal and pilot signals, updating the first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain to optimize time-domain compensation capabilities. As another example, the second communication device learns online based on the signal and pilot signals, updating the second convolutional neural network deployed in the frequency domain to optimize frequency-domain compensation capabilities.

[0151] In one possible implementation of this application, referring to the communication system architecture diagram shown in Figure 1, the second communication device further includes radio equipment (RE) and radio equipment controller (REC).

[0152] The nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes: the time-domain compensation capability of the radio frequency device in the second communication device, and the frequency-domain compensation capability of the radio frequency device controller in the second communication device.

[0153] In one embodiment of this application, a first convolutional neural network is introduced into the radio frequency (RF) device to enable the RF device to have time-domain compensation capability. A second convolutional neural network is introduced into the RF device controller to enable the RF device controller to have frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0154] Among them, radio frequency (RF) devices are used to transmit and receive signals, and RF device controllers are used to manage the operation, control, and data flow of RF devices to ensure efficient signal transmission and reception.

[0155] It is understandable that, when the RF device has time-domain compensation capability but the RF device controller does not have frequency-domain compensation capability, the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes time-domain compensation capability but excludes frequency-domain compensation capability. Conversely, when the RF device does not have time-domain compensation capability but the RF device controller has frequency-domain compensation capability, the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes frequency-domain compensation capability but excludes time-domain compensation capability.

[0156] The following explains the specific methods for determining the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device.

[0157] Step 1: The RF device controller sends a request message to the RF device. Correspondingly, the RF device receives the request message from the RF device controller.

[0158] The request message is used to query whether the radio frequency device supports time-domain compensation capability.

[0159] Step 2: The RF device sends an acknowledgment message to the RF device controller. Correspondingly, the RF device controller receives the acknowledgment message from the RF device.

[0160] The confirmation message is used to indicate whether the radio frequency device has time-domain compensation capability.

[0161] As an example, when a temporal convolutional neural network is introduced into an RF device, the RF device gains temporal compensation capability. When the RF device receives a request message from the RF device controller, it sends an acknowledgment message to the RF device controller, confirming that it has temporal compensation capability.

[0162] Step 3: The RF device controller confirms its frequency domain compensation capability. In other words, the RF device controller confirms whether it supports frequency domain compensation.

[0163] As an example, when a second convolutional neural network is introduced into the RF device controller, the RF device controller gains frequency domain compensation capability. The RF device controller's frequency domain compensation capability can be confirmed.

[0164] In one possible implementation of this application, the method provided in this application embodiment further includes: when the second information indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation, the second communication device does not use the nonlinear compensation capability.

[0165] For example, the first communication device sends a second feedback message to the second communication device. Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the second feedback message from the first communication device. The second feedback message indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0166] For example, if the first communication device has a strong signal correction capability, it means that the first communication device can compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier, and therefore the second communication device is not needed to assist in nonlinear compensation. In this case, the first communication device sends a second feedback message to the second communication device to indicate that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0167] It is understandable that, if the second communication device determines that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation, and if the second communication device's time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability are enabled, the second communication device may disable its time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability. If the second communication device's time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability are disabled, then the second communication device may continue to maintain its time-domain compensation capability and / or frequency-domain compensation capability disabled.

[0168] The specific implementation of the communication method will be described below with reference to Figures 12 and 13. In the specific method of the following embodiments, taking the first communication device as the terminal device and the second communication device as the access network device as an example, the access network device includes a radio frequency device and a radio frequency device controller. The radio frequency device deploys a first convolutional neural network in the time domain for time domain compensation; the radio frequency device controller deploys a second convolutional neural network in the frequency domain for frequency domain compensation.

[0169] As shown in Figure 12, Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The terminal device needs to access the network device for nonlinear compensation. The method includes:

[0170] Step 1201: The RF device controller sends a request message to the RF device. Correspondingly, the RF device receives the request message from the RF device controller.

[0171] The request message is used to request the nonlinear compensation capability of an RF device. For example, the nonlinear compensation capability of an RF device may be time-domain compensation capability.

[0172] In one possible implementation of this application, the radio frequency device controller requests a query to determine whether the radio frequency device has time-domain compensation capability.

[0173] Step 1202: The radio frequency device sends an acknowledgment message to the radio frequency device controller. Correspondingly, the radio frequency device controller receives the acknowledgment message from the radio frequency device.

[0174] The confirmation information is used to indicate whether the radio frequency device has nonlinear compensation capability or not.

[0175] In one possible implementation of this application, since the radio frequency device deploys the first convolutional neural network in the time domain, after receiving the request message from the radio frequency device controller, the radio frequency device reports back to the radio frequency device controller that it has time domain compensation capability.

[0176] Step 1203: The radio frequency equipment controller determines the nonlinear compensation capability of the access network equipment based on the confirmation information.

[0177] In one possible implementation of this application, the RF device controller possesses frequency domain compensation capability because it deploys a second convolutional neural network in the frequency domain. The RF device controller then combines this with an acknowledgment message to determine that the access network device possesses both time-domain and frequency-domain nonlinear compensation capabilities.

[0178] For example, the access network equipment summarizes the nonlinear compensation capabilities of the access network equipment based on the frequency domain compensation capability of the RF equipment controller and the time domain compensation capability of the RF equipment. For instance, the data parameters of the time domain compensation capability of the RF equipment are shown in Table 1.

[0179] Table 1

[0180] In addition, if the radio frequency (RF) device in the access network equipment has a first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain, but the RF device controller does not have a second convolutional neural network deployed in the frequency domain, then the access network equipment has time-domain compensation capability but not frequency-domain compensation capability. Conversely, if the RF device in the access network equipment does not have a first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain, but the RF device controller has a second convolutional neural network deployed in the frequency domain, then the access network equipment has frequency-domain compensation capability but not time-domain compensation capability.

[0181] Step 1204: The radio frequency device controller sends first information to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first information from the radio frequency device controller.

[0182] The first piece of information is used to indicate the nonlinear compensation capability of the access network equipment.

[0183] In one possible implementation of this application, the nonlinear compensation capability includes time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability, and the terminal device determines that the access network device can perform nonlinear compensation in both the time domain and the frequency domain according to the first instruction information.

[0184] In addition, if the radio frequency (RF) device in the access network equipment has a first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain, but the RF device controller does not deploy a second convolutional neural network in the frequency domain, then the first information indicates that the access network equipment only has time-domain compensation capability. If the RF device in the access network equipment does not have a first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain, but the RF device controller has a second convolutional neural network deployed in the frequency domain, then the first information indicates that the access network equipment only has frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0185] Step 1205: The terminal device determines whether it needs the assistance of the access network equipment for nonlinear compensation.

[0186] For example, if the terminal equipment has weak calibration capabilities or has energy-saving requirements, it may be unable to compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier. In this case, the terminal equipment will need the assistance of the access network equipment to perform nonlinearity compensation.

[0187] In one possible embodiment, the terminal device can determine whether nonlinear compensation is required from the access network device through performance monitoring and feedback.

[0188] As an example, terminal devices can monitor signal quality in real time, such as bit error rate and signal strength. If a significant degradation in signal quality is detected that cannot be improved through simple signal adjustments, the terminal device determines that the access network equipment needs to assist with nonlinear compensation.

[0189] In one possible embodiment, the terminal device can determine whether nonlinear compensation is needed from the access network device through data analysis and prediction.

[0190] As an example, a terminal device can collect signal data over a period of time and use data analysis to predict the nonlinear effects that the signal may experience during transmission. If the prediction results show that nonlinear distortion may have a significant impact on communication quality, the terminal device determines that the access network equipment needs to assist in nonlinear compensation.

[0191] In one possible embodiment, the terminal device can negotiate with the access network device in advance to determine whether the access network device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0192] As an example, when a terminal device establishes a communication connection with an access network device, the terminal device can negotiate with the access network device in advance. For example, the terminal device can determine whether it needs the access network device to assist in nonlinear compensation based on factors such as the type of communication service and the data transmission rate.

[0193] Step 1206: The terminal device sends first feedback information to the radio frequency device controller. Correspondingly, the radio frequency device controller receives the first feedback information from the terminal device.

[0194] The first feedback information is used to indicate to the terminal device that nonlinear compensation is required. Subsequently, the access network device enables nonlinear compensation capability based on the first feedback information and performs online learning based on the uplink signal and pilot signal.

[0195] In this context, online learning is used to update the nonlinear compensation capability. For example, online learning can be performed based on a first convolutional neural network deployed in the time domain to update the first convolutional neural network and optimize the time-domain compensation capability; or, online learning can be performed based on a second convolutional neural network deployed in the frequency domain to update the second convolutional neural network and optimize the frequency-domain compensation capability.

[0196] Specifically, in step 1207, the RF device controller enables frequency domain compensation capability based on the first feedback information and performs online learning based on the uplink signal and pilot signal.

[0197] Specifically, in step 1208a, the RF device controller sends enable information to the RF device based on the first feedback information. Correspondingly, the RF device receives the enable information from the RF device controller.

[0198] The enable information is used to indicate the enable time-domain compensation capability of the radio frequency device.

[0199] Step 1208b: The RF device controller sends indication information to the RF device. Correspondingly, the RF device receives the indication information from the RF device controller.

[0200] The indication information is used to instruct the radio frequency equipment to perform online learning based on the pilot signal.

[0201] It is worth noting that steps 1207, 1208a, and 1208b can be executed separately. For example, if the access network device only has frequency domain compensation capability, only step 1207 needs to be executed, i.e., the RF device controller enables the frequency domain compensation capability and performs online learning based on the uplink signal and pilot signal; it is not necessary to instruct the RF device to enable the time domain compensation capability. Similarly, if the access network device only has time domain compensation capability, only steps 1208a and 1208b need to be executed, i.e., the RF device controller instructs the RF device to enable the time domain compensation capability and instructs the RF device to perform online learning; it is not necessary to enable the frequency domain compensation capability.

[0202] In one possible embodiment of this application, the following may be included after step 1208b:

[0203] Step 1209: When the first condition is determined to be triggered, the RF device controller disables the frequency domain compensation capability.

[0204] Step 1210: Upon determining that the first condition has been triggered, the RF device controller sends a de-enable message to the RF device. Correspondingly, the RF device receives the de-enable message from the RF device controller.

[0205] Among them, the de-enable information is used to disable the time-domain compensation capability.

[0206] The first condition indicates that the terminal device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation. For example, when the terminal device detects that the signal quality has reached the expected target, the access network device no longer needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0207] It is worth noting that steps 1209 and 1210 can also be executed separately. For example, if the access network device has frequency domain compensation capability but not time domain compensation capability, only step 1209 needs to be executed after the first condition is triggered, i.e., the RF device controller enables the frequency domain compensation capability. As another example, if the access network device has time domain compensation capability but not frequency domain compensation capability, only step 1210 needs to be executed after the first condition is triggered, i.e., the RF device controller instructs the RF device to enable the time domain compensation capability.

[0208] As shown in Figure 13, Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another specific implementation of the communication method provided in this application embodiment, wherein the terminal device does not require the access network device to perform nonlinear compensation, and the method includes:

[0209] Steps 1301 to 1304 are the same as steps 1201 to 1204 in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0210] Step 1305: The terminal device determines whether it needs the assistance of the access network equipment for nonlinear compensation.

[0211] For example, if the terminal device has strong calibration capabilities and can compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier itself, then the terminal device needs the access network equipment to assist in nonlinear compensation.

[0212] The specific implementation method is similar to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0213] Step 1306: The terminal device sends second feedback information to the radio frequency device controller. Correspondingly, the radio frequency device controller receives the second feedback information from the terminal device.

[0214] The second feedback information is used to indicate that the terminal device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

[0215] Step 1307: The radio frequency device controller receives the signal using the conventional receiving method based on the second feedback information.

[0216] In other words, if the terminal device does not require the access network device to perform nonlinear compensation, the access network device will not enable nonlinear compensation.

[0217] The above mainly describes the solutions of the embodiments of this application from the perspective of interaction between various network elements. It is understood that each network element, such as the first communication device, the second communication device, etc., includes corresponding structures and / or software modules to perform the above functions in order to achieve them. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0218] This application embodiment can divide functional units according to the first communication device and the second communication device described in the above method example. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional unit, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. It should be noted that the unit division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0219] The method of the embodiments of this application has been described above with reference to Figures 11 to 13. The communication apparatus for executing the above method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below. Those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and apparatus can be combined with and referenced in each other, and the communication apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application can execute the steps performed by the second communication device and the first communication device in the above analysis method.

[0220] When using an integrated unit, FIG14 shows the communication device involved in the above embodiment, which may include a communication module 1401 and a processing module 1402.

[0221] In an alternative implementation, the communication device 140 may further include a storage module 1403 for storing the program code and data of the communication device.

[0222] On one hand, the communication device 140 is a management service module, or a chip applied in a management service module. In this case, the communication module 1401 is used to support communication between the communication device and external network elements (e.g., a third party). For example, the communication module 1401 is used to perform the send / receive operations of the management service module in the above method embodiment. The processing module 1402 is used to perform the processing operations of the management service module in the above method embodiment.

[0223] In one example, the communication module 1401 is used to perform the processing actions executed by the management service module in steps 601 to 603 of FIG6 of the above embodiment.

[0224] The processing module 1402 can be a processor or controller, such as a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, etc. The communication module can be a transceiver, transceiver circuitry, or communication interface, etc. The storage module can be a memory.

[0225] When the processing module 1402 is a processor 1501 or a processor 1505, the communication module 1401 is a transceiver 1503, and the storage module 1403 is a memory 1502, the communication device involved in this application can be the communication device shown in FIG15.

[0226] Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The hardware structures of the first and second communication devices in this application embodiment can be referred to the structure shown in Figure 15. The communication device includes a processor 1501, a communication line 1504, and at least one transceiver (Figure 15 is only an example illustrating the inclusion of transceiver 1503).

[0227] The processor 1501 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of the program of the present application.

[0228] Communication line 1504 may include a path for transmitting information between the aforementioned components.

[0229] Transceiver 1503 is a device that uses any transceiver-like device to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0230] Optionally, the communication device may also include a memory 1502.

[0231] Memory 1502 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. Memory 1502 may exist independently and be connected to processor 1501 via communication line 1504. Memory 1502 may also be integrated with processor 1501.

[0232] The memory 1502 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the scheme of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 1501. The processor 1501 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 1502, thereby implementing the communication method provided in the following embodiments of this application.

[0233] Optionally, the computer execution instructions in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0234] In a specific implementation, as one example, processor 1501 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG15.

[0235] In a specific implementation, as one example, the communication device may include multiple processors, such as processor 1501 and processor 1502 in Figure 15. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. Here, "processor" may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0236] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of chip 160 provided in an embodiment of this application. Chip 160 includes one or more (including two) processors 1610 and communication interfaces 1630.

[0237] Optionally, the chip 160 also includes a memory 1640, which may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides operation instructions and data to the processor 1610. A portion of the memory 1640 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).

[0238] In some implementations, memory 1640 stores elements such as execution modules or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof.

[0239] In this embodiment of the application, the corresponding operation is executed by calling the operation instructions stored in the memory 1640 (the operation instructions can be stored in the operating system).

[0240] One possible implementation is that the first and second communication devices have similar structures, and different devices can use different chips to achieve their respective functions.

[0241] The processor 1610 controls the processing operations of either the first communication device or the second communication device. The processor 1610 can also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU).

[0242] Memory 1640 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 1610. A portion of memory 1640 may also include NVRAM. For example, in an application, memory 1640, communication interface 1630, and memory 1640 are coupled together via bus system 1620, which may include, in addition to data bus, power bus, control bus, and status signal bus, etc. However, for clarity, all buses are labeled as bus system 1620 in Figure 16.

[0243] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to or implemented by the processor 1610. The processor 1610 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor 1610 or by instructions in the form of software. The processor 1610 may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 1640. Processor 1610 reads the information in memory 1640 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0244] The communication module described above can be a communication interface of the device, used to receive signals from other devices. For example, when the device is implemented as a chip, the communication module is the communication interface used by the chip to receive or send signals from other chips or devices.

[0245] On the one hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores instructions that, when executed, implement the functions performed by the second communication device as shown in Figure 11.

[0246] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores instructions that, when executed, implement the functions performed by the first communication device as shown in Figure 11.

[0247] On the one hand, a computer program product including instructions is provided. When the instructions are executed, they implement the functions performed by the second communication device as shown in Figure 11.

[0248] On the other hand, a computer program product including instructions is provided, wherein when the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the first communication device as shown in Figure 11 are implemented.

[0249] On the one hand, a chip is provided for use in a second communication device. The chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor being coupled together. The processor is used to execute instructions to achieve the functions performed by the second communication device as shown in Figure 11.

[0250] On the other hand, a chip is provided that is used in a first communication device. The chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor being coupled together. The processor is used to run instructions to implement the functions performed by the first communication device as shown in FIG11.

[0251] This application provides a communication system comprising a second communication device and a first communication device. The second communication device is used to implement the functions performed by the second communication device as shown in FIG11. The first communication device is used to implement the functions performed by the first communication device as shown in FIG11.

[0252] The second communication device includes a radio frequency (RF) device and an RF device controller. The RF device controller negotiates with the RF device to determine the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device. The RF device is used to deploy a convolutional neural network in the time domain to achieve time-domain compensation, and the RF device controller is used to deploy a convolutional neural network in the frequency domain to achieve frequency-domain compensation.

[0253] The explanations and beneficial effects of the relevant content in any of the communication devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0254] In this embodiment, the first or second communication device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on top of the hardware layer, and an application layer running on top of the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory (also called main memory). The operating system can be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes, such as Linux, Unix, Android, iOS, or Windows. The application layer includes applications such as browsers, address books, word processing software, and instant messaging software. Furthermore, this embodiment does not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment, as long as it can communicate according to the method provided in this embodiment by running a program that records the code of the method provided in this embodiment. For example, the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment can be the first or second communication device, or a functional module in the first or second communication device that can call and execute a program.

[0255] Furthermore, various aspects or features of this application can be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). Additionally, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0256] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0257] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0258] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) is integrated into the processor.

[0259] It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0260] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0261] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0262] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0263] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0264] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0265] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or an access network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0266] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nonlinear distortion compensation method, characterized in that, The method includes: Send first information to the first communication device, the first information being used to indicate the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device, the nonlinear compensation capability including time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability, the time-domain compensation capability indicating that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the time domain, and the frequency-domain compensation capability indicating that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the frequency domain; Receive second information from the first communication device, the second information being used to indicate whether the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation; The second information indicates that the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation, and performs nonlinear compensation on the signal from the first communication device in both the time domain and the frequency domain.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the second communication device determines that the first condition is triggered, the time-domain compensation capability and the frequency-domain compensation capability of the second communication device are enabled. The first condition indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive communication signals and pilot signals from the first communication device; Online learning is performed based on the communication signal and pilot signal to update the time-domain compensation capability and / or the frequency-domain compensation capability.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second communication device includes: a radio frequency device and a radio frequency device controller. The nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device includes: the time-domain compensation capability of the radio frequency device and the frequency-domain compensation capability of the radio frequency device controller.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The radio frequency device controller sends a request message to the radio frequency device, the request message being used to request whether the radio frequency device supports the time domain compensation capability; The radio frequency device controller receives an acknowledgment message from the radio frequency device, the acknowledgment message being used to confirm whether the radio frequency device has the time domain compensation capability.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the second information indicates that the first communication device does not need to perform nonlinear compensation, no nonlinear compensation is performed on the signal from the first communication device in the time domain and frequency domain.

7. A nonlinear distortion compensation method, characterized in that, The method includes: The system receives first information from a second communication device, the first information indicating the nonlinear compensation capability of the second communication device, the nonlinear compensation capability including time-domain compensation capability and frequency-domain compensation capability, the time-domain compensation capability indicating that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the time domain, and the frequency-domain compensation capability indicating that the second communication device can perform nonlinear compensation in the frequency domain; Send a second message to the second communication device, the second message being used to indicate whether the first communication device needs to perform nonlinear compensation.

8. The communication method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: A third message is sent to the second communication device, the third message being used by the second communication device to determine whether to enable the time-domain compensation capability and the frequency-domain compensation capability.

9. A nonlinear distortion compensation device, characterized in that, The device includes: a communication module and a processing module; Wherein, the processing module is used to perform the processing action in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the communication module is used to perform the receiving or sending action in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6; or, The processing module is used to perform the processing action in the method of claim 7 or 8, and the communication module is used to perform the receiving or sending action in the method of claim 7 or 8.

10. A nonlinear distortion compensation system, characterized in that, The system includes: a first communication device and a second communication device; The network device is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the terminal device is used to implement the method according to claim 7 or 8.

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