Unmanned aerial vehicle identification method, storage medium, electronic device, and computer program product

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an unmanned aerial vehicle identification method, a storage medium, an electronic device, and a computer program product. The method comprises: a base station centralized unit sends a first F1AP message to a base station distributed unit; and the base station centralized unit receives a second F1AP message from the base station distributed unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of a wireless network feature, so that the base station centralized unit performs unmanned aerial vehicle identification on the basis of measurement information of a plurality of measurement periods.

Description

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) identification methods, storage media, electronic devices, and computer program products

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure is based on and claims priority to Chinese patent application CN202510123619X, filed on January 24, 2025, entitled “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Identification Method, Storage Medium, Electronic Device and Computer Program Product”, and incorporates the entire contents of that patent application by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a storage medium, an electronic device, and a computer program product. Background Technology

[0004] With the increasing prevalence of drone applications, it is necessary to regulate drone control. Currently, monitoring systems can only identify legal drones. Illegal drones, which do not use dedicated SIM cards, circumvent regulations and pose security risks. At present, the industry mainly uses the following mechanisms to identify illegal drones: 1) Generating wireless communication environment information for the served airspace based on historical Mobile Data Terminal (MDT) results. The network side compares this wireless communication environment information with the MDT results reported by the terminal to be identified. If the matching degree is greater than a threshold, the terminal to be identified is determined to be a drone terminal. 2) Identifying drones based on the characteristics that distinguish drone terminals from ordinary terminals: drone terminals have a higher altitude relative to the ground, a greater distance relative to the serving cell, a higher cell handover frequency, and greater differences in cell handover latency, etc. The core network requests relevant parameters from the base station for drone identification.

[0005] However, existing drone identification methods have the following problems: if a drone remains at high altitude without switching over or if the switching is delayed, the accuracy or timeliness of methods that identify drones based on terminal switching characteristics or monitoring wireless communication environment information is low; relying solely on single data collection and threshold comparisons makes it difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments. Existing technologies describing base station measurement-related configurations are perception-related configurations and cannot be well applied to communication-related drone identification technologies.

[0006] In conclusion, there is still no good solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure provides a drone identification method, storage medium, electronic device, and computer program product to at least solve the problem in the related art of accurately distinguishing between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is provided, comprising: a base station central unit sending a first F1 Application Protocol (F1AP) message to a base station distribution unit, wherein the first F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to initiate periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics; and the base station central unit receiving a second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of wireless network characteristics, so that the base station central unit can identify UAVs based on measurement information from multiple measurement periods.

[0009] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is provided, comprising: a base station distribution unit receiving a first FIAP message from a base station centralization unit; the base station distribution unit initiating periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the first FIAP message; and the base station distribution unit sending a second FIAP message to the base station centralization unit, wherein the second FIAP message carries measurement information of the wireless network characteristics, so that the base station centralization unit can identify UAVs based on measurement information from multiple measurement periods.

[0010] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a drone identification system is provided, comprising: a base station centralization unit configured to send a first F1AP message to a base station distribution unit; a base station distribution unit configured to receive the first F1AP message, initiate periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics based on the first F1AP message, and send a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit; the base station centralization unit is further configured to receive the second F1AP message and perform drone identification based on the measurement information of wireless network characteristics carried in the second F1AP message.

[0011] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0012] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0013] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0014] Through the embodiments described above, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the network architecture of the drone identification method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a drone identification method for a base station central unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a drone identification method for a base station distribution unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) identification system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 5 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics initiated by a UE-level FIAP message in one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via UE-level F1AP messages in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 7 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics initiated by UE-level F1AP messages in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 8 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via UE-level F1AP messages in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 9 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics initiated by a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 10 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics by means of a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 11 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of initiating periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 12 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics by means of a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 13 is a schematic flowchart of a periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics modified by cell-level F1AP messages in one embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the network architecture of the drone identification method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is used to collect periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics through the cooperation of internal messages of the base station. The network architecture includes: a base station and a user equipment.

[0031] In this embodiment, the base station may include a base station centralization unit and a base station distribution unit, used to send or receive FIAP messages. The base station may also communicate directly with user equipment. Specifically, the base station centralization unit may send messages related to periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics to the base station distribution unit and the user equipment. The base station distribution unit and the user equipment perform periodic measurements based on the information in the messages sent by the base station centralization unit and report the relevant measurement data to the base station centralization unit.

[0032] This disclosure provides a method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in one embodiment, applied to a base station centralization unit. Figure 2 is a flowchart of the UAV identification method for a base station centralization unit according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the process includes the following steps:

[0033] Step S202, the base station central unit sends a first F1 application protocol F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, wherein the first F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to start periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics;

[0034] In step S204, the base station centralization unit receives a second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of the wireless network characteristics, so that the base station centralization unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information of multiple measurement periods.

[0035] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification.

[0036] In this embodiment, when one or more user devices access or switch to a base station, and the base station central unit identifies that the one or more user devices need to be identified as drones, it sends a first FIAP message to the base station distribution unit to notify the base station distribution unit to start periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the one or more user devices.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0038] One or more measurement object identifiers; a measurement event type corresponding to the measurement object identifier, including starting measurement; a measurement information type corresponding to the measurement object identifier; and a measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier.

[0039] In some embodiments, the measurement period is the time interval between the base station distribution unit sending the second F1AP message. This measurement period can be a fixed measurement period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed measurement period includes at least one of the following: 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, and 1 minute. An adaptive measurement period can be dynamically adjusted based on the UAV's movement speed, altitude, handover frequency, and other UAV behavioral characteristics. This disclosure does not limit the scope, method, or basis for dynamically adjusting the adaptive measurement period.

[0040] In some embodiments, the measurement object identifier includes: User Equipment F1 Application Protocol Identifier (UE F1AP ID), used to uniquely identify the user equipment communicating with the base station central unit via the F1 interface; or, New Radio Global Cell Identifier (NR CGI), used to uniquely identify a new radio NR cell.

[0041] In some embodiments, the NR CGI is key information for network identification and management of cells, consisting of two parts: Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID and Cell ID. The PLMN ID is the operator's identifier, while the Cell ID is the unique identifier of the base station cell.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message can be divided into UE-level F1AP message and cell-level F1AP message according to the two different measurement object identifiers mentioned above. The UE-level F1AP message carries the UE F1AP ID, and the cell-level F1AP message carries at least one of the following: NR CGI, or multiple UE F1AP IDs under NR CGI.

[0043] In some embodiments, the base station central unit precisely controls the range of the measurement object by carrying the measurement object identifier in the F1AP message. Further, measurement control at the user equipment level is achieved through the UE F1AP ID, or measurement control with multiple user equipments within one or more cells is achieved through NR CGI. These two different measurement object identifiers allow the base station central unit to flexibly adjust and control the range of the measurement object according to different application scenarios.

[0044] In some embodiments, the measurement information type includes at least one of time advance, power margin report, and angle of arrival.

[0045] In some embodiments, the base station central unit informs the base station distribution unit to collect measurement information corresponding to the wireless network characteristics based on the measurement information type by carrying the measurement information type in the first FIAP message. The aforementioned measurement information type is typically used to analyze characteristic differences between user equipment (UAV terminals and ordinary terminals). For example, the measurement of Time Advance (TA) can be used to estimate the distance between the user equipment and the base station; the two are proportional, meaning the larger the TA, the farther the user equipment is from the base station. UAV terminals, being airborne, are typically farther from the base station, so their TA is usually larger than that of ordinary terminals. The Power Headroom Report (PHR) reflects the difference between the user equipment's maximum uplink transmit power and its current uplink power, and can be used to assess the availability of uplink transmit power for the user equipment under current conditions. Because UAV terminals are airborne, their uplink signals may be less obstructed, resulting in generally better uplink signal quality than ordinary terminals. Therefore, the actual transmit power required may be lower than the maximum allowable transmit power, leading to a relatively high PHR. Angle of Arrival (AOA) refers to the relative azimuth angle of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna array (it can be the elevation angle of the antenna relative to the vertical direction or the azimuth angle of the antenna relative to the horizontal direction), and it can be used to determine the location of the signal source. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) terminals typically fly in the air, and the angle (elevation or azimuth) at which their signals arrive at the base station differs significantly from that of ordinary terminals.

[0046] In some embodiments, the process of the base station centralization unit receiving the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit in step S204 may include the following steps:

[0047] Step S204A: In response to the measurement object being identified as the UE F1AP ID, the base station central unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit according to the measurement period, wherein the second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit within one measurement period from measuring the wireless network characteristics of one or more user equipments corresponding to one or more UE F1AP IDs; or...

[0048] In step S204B, in response to the measurement object being identified as the NR CGI, the base station central unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit according to the measurement period, wherein the second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit in measuring the wireless network characteristics of multiple user equipment in one or more cells corresponding to one or more NR CGIs within one measurement period.

[0049] In some embodiments, the above measurement information can be managed in list form, and this disclosure does not limit the manner in which the measurement information is managed.

[0050] In some embodiments, the base station central unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit according to the measurement cycle and collects and monitors multiple measurement information of the user equipment in a timely manner, providing the necessary data foundation for the base station central unit to realize UAV identification in the future, while avoiding the problem that single measurement information can easily cause low identification accuracy of UAV.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message includes a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, or other preset request messages.

[0052] In some embodiments, the indication message, notification message, and preset other request message may be messages not yet defined in the current standard protocol but to be defined later. The preset other request message may also be a message requiring a response to the base station central unit. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0053] In some embodiments, after step S202, the method may further include the following steps:

[0054] In step S203, in response to the first F1AP message being the request message, the base station central unit receives a third F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, wherein the third F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the first F1AP message, and the response message includes a UE context establishment response, a UE context modification response, or other preset response messages.

[0055] In some embodiments, the third F1AP message serves as a response to the first F1AP message, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the base station central unit can confirm whether the base station distributed unit has correctly understood and is ready to execute the information in the first F1AP message, thus supporting the application of UAV identification technology in a separate architecture between the base station central unit and the base station distributed unit.

[0056] In some embodiments, after step S204, the method may further include the following steps:

[0057] In step S205, in response to a change in the measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier, the base station central unit sends a sixth F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, wherein the sixth F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to modify the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics.

[0058] In some embodiments, the sixth F1AP message includes a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes a UE context modification request or other preset request messages.

[0059] In some embodiments, the indication message, notification message, and preset other request message may be messages not yet defined in the current standard protocol but to be defined later. The preset other request message may also be a message requiring a response to the base station central unit. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0060] In some embodiments, the sixth F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0061] One or more measurement object identifiers; the modified measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier.

[0062] In some embodiments, the modified measurement period can be a fixed measurement period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed measurement period includes at least one of the following: 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, and 1min. An adaptive measurement period can be dynamically adjusted. This disclosure does not limit the range, method, or basis for dynamically adjusting the adaptive measurement period.

[0063] In this embodiment, when the period for the measurement information reported by the base station distribution unit that the base station central unit needs to change changes, the base station central unit notifies the base station distribution unit to modify the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristic information through the sixth F1AP message. For example, when the measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier changes, and the measurement object contains only one cell, the sixth F1AP message may only include the following information: the modified measurement period.

[0064] In some embodiments, after step S204, the method may further include the following steps:

[0065] In step S206, the base station central unit sends a fourth F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, wherein the fourth F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to stop the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics.

[0066] In this embodiment, after the base station central unit identifies the UAV based on measurement information from multiple measurement periods and through a neural network, it proactively sends a fourth F1AP message to notify the base station distribution unit to stop the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics. This disclosure does not limit the triggering conditions or the method of sending the fourth F1AP message.

[0067] In some embodiments, the fourth F1AP message includes: a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes: a UE context modification request or other preset request messages.

[0068] In some embodiments, the indication message, notification message, and preset other request message may be messages not yet defined in the current standard protocol but to be defined later. The preset other request message may also be a message requiring a response to the base station central unit. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0069] In some embodiments, the fourth F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0070] One or more measurement object identifiers; the measurement event type corresponding to the measurement object identifier, including stop measurement.

[0071] In one exemplary embodiment, if the current measurement involves only one measurement object, the fourth F1AP message may include only the following information: Measurement event type: Stop measurement. This fourth F1AP message is used to indicate the cessation of measurement of the wireless network technology characteristics of the currently measured object.

[0072] In some embodiments, after step S206, the method may further include the following steps:

[0073] In step S208, in response to the fourth F1AP message being a request message, the base station central unit receives a fifth F1AP message from the base station distribution unit. The fifth F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the fourth F1AP message. The request message includes a UE context modification request or other preset request messages, and the response message includes a UE context modification response or other preset response messages.

[0074] In some embodiments, the fifth F1AP message serves as a response to the fourth F1AP message, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the base station central unit can confirm whether the base station distributed unit has correctly understood and is ready to execute the information in the fourth F1AP message, thus supporting the application of UAV identification technology in a separate architecture between the base station central unit and the base station distributed unit.

[0075] In some embodiments, the method may further include the following steps:

[0076] Step S210: The base station central unit sends a first Radio Resource Control Reconfiguration (RRCReconfiguration) message to the user equipment, wherein the first Radio Resource Control Reconfiguration message is used to notify the user equipment to start periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object;

[0077] In step S212, the base station central unit receives a Measurement Report message from the user equipment. The Measurement Report message carries the measurement results obtained by the user equipment from signal measurement of the same-frequency measurement object within one measurement cycle, so that the base station central unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information and measurement results of the multiple measurement cycles. The measurement results include at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR).

[0078] In some embodiments, the base station centralization unit may first send a first F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, and then send the first radio resource control reconfiguration information to the user equipment. The base station centralization unit may first send the first radio resource control reconfiguration information to the user equipment, and then send the first F1AP message to the base station distribution unit. This disclosure does not restrict the order of steps S210 and S202.

[0079] In some embodiments, the co-frequency measurement object may include at least one of the following: the serving cell, one or more co-frequency neighboring cells, and the serving cell's beam.

[0080] In some embodiments, a MeasurementReport message may include at least one of the following:

[0081] Cellular measurement information, beam measurement information, and measurement markers.

[0082] In some embodiments, cell measurement information includes measurement results for the serving cell and co-frequency neighboring cells, such as RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR. Beam measurement information, for beamforming cells, includes measurement results for the optimal beam. Measurement identifiers are used to identify specific measurement configurations.

[0083] In some embodiments, the measurement period is the time interval between the base station distribution unit sending the second F1AP message and the user equipment sending the measurement report information. Ideally, the base station central unit synchronizes the reception of both, that is, it receives both the second F1AP message and the measurement report information simultaneously when the measurement period expires. However, in reality, the F1AP message involves the transmission of messages within the base station (between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit), while the measurement report information involves the transmission of messages between the base station and the user equipment. Since there is a difference in the transmission delay of the two types of messages, the measurement period for the base station central unit to receive the measurement report information is set to be equal to or greater than the measurement period for receiving the second F1AP message, and the error between the two measurement periods is less than 2 seconds.

[0084] In some embodiments, direct interaction between the base station central unit and the user equipment ensures that the user equipment can initiate periodic measurements of the same-frequency measurement object according to the information in the first RRC reconfiguration message. Furthermore, it increases the data sources and provides more comprehensive information for the identification of UAVs.

[0085] In some embodiments, after performing step S210, the method further includes the following steps:

[0086] Step S211, the base station central unit receives a first Radio Resource Control Reconfiguration Complete (RRCReconfigurationComplete) message from the user equipment, wherein the first RRCReconfigurationComplete message is a response message corresponding to the first RRCReconfiguration message.

[0087] In some embodiments, the first RRCReconfigurationComplete message serves as a response to the first RRCReconfiguration, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the user equipment reports to the base station central unit information indicating that it correctly understands and is ready to execute the first RRCReconfiguration message.

[0088] In some embodiments, after step S212, the method may further include the following steps:

[0089] In step S214, the base station centralization unit sends a second RRCReconfiguration message to the user equipment, wherein the second RRCReconfiguration message is used to notify the user equipment to delete the periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object.

[0090] In some embodiments, after step S214, the method may further include the following steps:

[0091] Step S216: The base station centralization unit receives a second RRCReconfigurationComplete message from the user equipment, wherein the second RRCReconfigurationComplete message is a response message corresponding to the second RRCReconfiguration message.

[0092] In some embodiments, the second RRCReconfigurationComplete message serves as a response to the second RRCReconfiguration, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the user equipment reports to the base station central unit information indicating that it correctly understands and is ready to execute the second RRCReconfiguration message.

[0093] In some embodiments, the base station central unit continuously aggregates measurement information and results from multiple measurement cycles and performs UAV identification using a neural network. For example, UAV identification based on measurement information corresponding to user equipment and measurement results corresponding to co-frequency measurement objects from multiple measurement cycles using a neural network may include: using measurement information and results from multiple measurement cycles as training data, labeling user equipment as either UAV terminals or ordinary terminals according to their category, modeling the problem of distinguishing between UAV terminals and ordinary terminals as a classification problem, and then automatically training and updating the UAV identification model based on the differences in behavioral characteristics between the two, and performing UAV identification using the UAV identification model. This disclosure does not limit the UAV identification method.

[0094] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, thus improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification. This disclosure also addresses the shortcomings of drone identification technology in scenarios where the base station central unit and base station distribution unit are separated, thereby improving the application of drone identification technology in such scenarios.

[0095] In another embodiment of this disclosure, a drone identification method is provided, applied to a base station distribution unit. Figure 3 is a flowchart of the drone identification method for a base station distribution unit according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, the process includes the following steps:

[0096] Step S302: The base station distribution unit receives the first F1 application protocol F1AP message from the base station centralization unit;

[0097] Step S304: The base station distribution unit initiates periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the first F1AP message;

[0098] In step S306, the base station distribution unit sends a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of the wireless network characteristics, so that the base station centralization unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information of multiple measurement periods.

[0099] In this embodiment, the base station distribution unit can initiate periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the received first F1AP message and report the measurement information through the second F1AP message. This achieves F1AP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, it can solve the problem of accurately distinguishing between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments in related technologies, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification.

[0100] In some embodiments, before step S306, the base station distribution unit may start a periodic reporting timer and execute step S306 when the timer times out.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0102] One or more measurement object identifiers; a measurement event type corresponding to the measurement object identifier, including starting measurement; a measurement information type corresponding to the measurement object identifier; and a measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier.

[0103] In some embodiments, the measurement period can be a fixed measurement period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed measurement period includes at least one of the following: 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, and 1min. An adaptive measurement period can be dynamically adjusted based on the drone's movement speed, altitude, switching frequency, and other drone behavior characteristics. This disclosure does not limit the range, method, or basis for dynamically adjusting the adaptive measurement period.

[0104] In some embodiments, the measurement object identifier includes: User Equipment F1 Application Protocol Identifier (UE F1AP ID), used to uniquely identify the user equipment communicating with the base station central unit via the F1 interface; or, New Radio Global Cell Identifier (NR CGI), used to uniquely identify a new radio NR cell.

[0105] In some embodiments, the NR CGI is key information for network identification and management of cells, consisting of two parts: Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID and Cell ID. The PLMN ID is the operator's identifier, while the Cell ID is the unique identifier of the base station cell.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message can be divided into UE-level F1AP message and cell-level F1AP message according to the two different measurement object identifiers mentioned above. The UE-level F1AP message carries the UE F1AP ID, and the cell-level F1AP message carries at least one of the following: NR CGI, or multiple UE F1AP IDs under NR CGI.

[0107] In some embodiments, by carrying the measurement object identifier in the F1AP message, the base station distribution unit can accurately distinguish and locate the measurement object that needs to be measured for wireless network characteristics.

[0108] In some embodiments, the measurement information type includes at least one of time advance, power margin report, and angle of arrival.

[0109] In some embodiments, the base station distribution unit collects measurement information corresponding to the wireless network characteristics through the measurement information type carried in the first FIAP message. The aforementioned measurement information type is typically used to analyze characteristic differences between user equipment (UAV terminals and ordinary terminals). For example, the measurement of Time Advance (TA) can be used to estimate the distance between the user equipment and the base station; the two are proportional, meaning the larger the TA, the farther the user equipment is from the base station. Since UAV terminals fly in the air, they are typically farther from the base station, so their TA is usually larger than that of ordinary terminals. The Power Headroom Report (PHR) reflects the difference between the maximum uplink transmit power and the current uplink power of the user equipment, and can be used to assess the availability of uplink transmit power for the user equipment under current conditions. Because UAV terminals fly in the air, their uplink signals may be blocked by fewer obstacles, resulting in generally better uplink signal quality than ordinary terminals. Therefore, the actual transmit power required may be lower than the maximum allowable transmit power, thus making the PHR relatively high. Angle of Arrival (AOA) refers to the relative azimuth angle of a signal arriving at a receiving antenna array (it can be the elevation angle of the antenna relative to the vertical direction or the azimuth angle of the antenna relative to the horizontal direction), and it can be used to determine the location of the signal source. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) terminals typically fly in the air, and the angle (elevation or azimuth) at which their signals arrive at the base station differs significantly from that of ordinary terminals.

[0110] In some embodiments, the process of the base station distribution unit sending a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit in step S304 may include the following steps:

[0111] Step S304A: In response to the measurement object being identified as the UE F1AP ID, the base station distribution unit sends a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit according to the measurement period. The second F1AP message carries measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit within one measurement period, measuring the wireless network characteristics of one or more user equipments corresponding to one or more UE F1AP IDs; or...

[0112] In step S304B, in response to the measurement object being identified as the NR CGI, the base station distribution unit sends the second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit according to the measurement period. The second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit in measuring the wireless network characteristics of multiple user equipment in one or more cells corresponding to one or more NR CGIs within one measurement period.

[0113] In some embodiments, the base station distribution unit reports a second F1AP message carrying corresponding measurement information according to the different measurement object identifiers in the first F1AP message and according to the measurement cycle, providing the necessary data foundation for the subsequent base station central unit to realize UAV identification, while avoiding the problem that single measurement information can easily cause low identification accuracy for UAVs.

[0114] In some embodiments, the first F1AP message includes a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, or other preset request messages.

[0115] In some embodiments, the indication message, notification message, and preset other request message may be messages not yet defined in the current standard protocol but to be defined later. The preset other request message may also be a message requiring a response to the base station central unit. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0116] In some embodiments, after step S302, the method may further include the following steps:

[0117] In step S303, in response to the first F1AP message being the request message, the base station distribution unit sends a third F1AP message to the base station centralization unit, wherein the third F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the first F1AP message, and the response message includes a UE context establishment response, a UE context modification response, or other preset response messages.

[0118] In some embodiments, the third F1AP message serves as a response to the first F1AP message, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the base station distribution unit reports to the base station central unit that it correctly understands and is ready to execute the first F1AP message, thus supporting the application of UAV identification technology in a separate architecture between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit.

[0119] In some embodiments, after step S306, the method may further include the following steps:

[0120] In step S308, in response to a change in the measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier, the base station distribution unit receives a sixth F1AP message from the base station centralization unit;

[0121] Step S310: The base station distribution unit modifies the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics according to the sixth FIAP message.

[0122] In some embodiments, the sixth F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to modify the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics.

[0123] In some embodiments, the sixth F1AP message includes a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes a UE context modification request or other preset request messages.

[0124] In some embodiments, the indication message, notification message, and preset other request message may be messages not yet defined in the current standard protocol but to be defined later. The preset other request message may also be a message requiring a response to the base station central unit. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0125] In some embodiments, the sixth F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0126] One or more measurement object identifiers; the modified measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier.

[0127] In some embodiments, the modified measurement period can be a fixed measurement period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed measurement period includes at least one of the following: 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, and 1min. An adaptive measurement period can be dynamically adjusted. This disclosure does not limit the range, method, or basis for dynamically adjusting the adaptive measurement period.

[0128] In this embodiment, when the period for the base station distribution unit to report measurement information needs to be changed, the base station central unit notifies the base station distribution unit to modify the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristic information through the sixth F1AP message. For example, when the measurement period corresponding to the measurement object identifier changes, and the measurement object contains only one cell, the sixth F1AP message may only include the following information: the modified measurement period.

[0129] In some embodiments, after step S306, the method may further include the following steps:

[0130] Step S308: The base station distribution unit receives the fourth F1AP message from the base station centralization unit;

[0131] In step S310, the base station distribution unit stops periodically measuring the characteristics of the wireless network according to the fourth FIAP message.

[0132] In some embodiments, the fourth F1AP message may be a message that is not yet defined in the current standard protocol but will be defined later. For example, it may include a notification message, an indication message, or a preset request message. It may also be an existing message, for example, it may include a UE context modification request.

[0133] In some embodiments, the fourth F1AP message includes at least one of the following:

[0134] One or more measurement object identifiers; the measurement event type corresponding to the measurement object identifier, including stop measurement.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, if the current measurement involves only one measurement object, the fourth F1AP message may only include the following information: Measurement event type: Stop measurement. Then, the base station distribution unit stops measuring the wireless network technology characteristics of the current measurement object based on this fourth F1AP message.

[0136] In some embodiments, after step S310, the method may further include the following steps:

[0137] In step S312, in response to the fourth F1AP message being a request message, the base station distribution unit sends a fifth F1AP message to the base station centralization unit. The fifth F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the fourth F1AP message. The request message includes a UE context modification request or other preset request messages, and the response message includes a UE context modification response or other preset response messages.

[0138] In some embodiments, the fifth F1AP message serves as a response to the fourth F1AP message, acting as both an acknowledgment and feedback mechanism. Through this response mechanism, the base station distribution unit reports information to the base station central unit that it can correctly understand and is ready to execute the fourth F1AP message, thus supporting the application of UAV identification technology in a separate architecture between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit.

[0139] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification.

[0140] In another embodiment of this disclosure, a drone identification system is also provided. FIG4 is a structural block diagram of the drone identification system according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in FIG4, the system includes the following structure: a base station centralization unit 42 and a base station distribution unit 44.

[0141] The base station central unit 42 is configured to send a first F1 application protocol F1AP message to the base station distribution unit;

[0142] The base station distribution unit 44 is configured to receive a first F1AP message, initiate periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the first F1AP message, and send a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit.

[0143] The base station centralization unit 42 is also configured to receive the second F1AP message and identify the drone based on the measurement information of the wireless network characteristics carried in the second F1AP message.

[0144] In this embodiment, the base station centralization unit 42 can execute the steps in any of the above-described method embodiments on the base station centralization unit side. The base station distribution unit 44 can execute the steps in any of the above-described method embodiments on the base station distribution unit side.

[0145] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification.

[0146] Figure 5 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics initiated by a UE-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, the process includes the following steps:

[0147] In step S502, the 5G Node B Centralized Unit (gNB-CU) sends an F1AP message A to the 5G Node B Distributed Unit (gNB-DU) to notify the gNB-DU to initiate periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message A includes the following information: UE F1AP ID; measurement event type: start measurement; measurement period corresponding to the UE F1AP ID; and measurement information type corresponding to the UE F1AP ID: TA, PHR, AOA.

[0148] In step S504, in response to F1AP message A being a request message, gNB-DU replies to gNB-CU via F1AP message B;

[0149] Step S506: gNB-DU initiates periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the corresponding user equipment according to the information in F1AP message A, and reports the measurement information, including TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, and AOA measurement information, to gNB-CU through F1AP message C according to the measurement period.

[0150] In this embodiment, F1AP message A is the first F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message, or a request message that needs to be replied to gNB-CU), or it can be an existing message (e.g., a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, etc.).

[0151] In this embodiment, F1AP message B is the third F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This F1AP message can be a newly defined F1AP message or an existing message (such as UE context establishment response or UE context modification response).

[0152] In this embodiment, F1AP message C is the second F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment, wherein F1AP message C can be a newly defined F1AP message.

[0153] In this embodiment, the measurement period corresponding to the UE F1AP ID can be a fixed period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed period could be 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, or 1 minute. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0154] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station centralized unit and the base station distributed unit, enabling the base station centralized unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. This achieves the technical effect of improving the application of drone identification technology in scenarios where the base station centralized unit and the base station distributed unit are separated.

[0155] Figure 6 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a UE-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the process includes the following steps:

[0156] Step S602: After identifying whether it is a drone and determining whether it is an unauthorized drone flight, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message A to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to stop the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics; wherein, the F1AP message A includes the following information: UE F1AP ID; measurement event type: stop measurement;

[0157] In step S604, when F1AP message A is a UE context modification request, gNB-DU replies to gNB-CU with a UE context modification response;

[0158] In step S606, the gNB-DU stops the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the corresponding user equipment according to F1AP message A.

[0159] In this embodiment, F1AP message A is the fourth F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message, a request message that needs to be replied to gNB-CU), or it can be an existing message (e.g., a UE context modification request, etc.).

[0160] In this embodiment, the measurement period corresponding to the UE F1AP ID can be a fixed period or an adaptive measurement period. For example, a fixed period could be 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, or 1 minute. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on this.

[0161] In this embodiment, through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, the base station distribution unit can promptly stop measuring the object being measured.

[0162] Figure 7 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics initiated by a UE-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the process includes the following steps:

[0163] Step S702: When a user equipment accesses or switches to a base station, and the gNB-CU identifies that the user equipment needs to perform UAV identification, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message A to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to start periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message A includes the following information: UE F1AP ID; measurement event type: start measurement; measurement period corresponding to the UE F1AP ID; and measurement information type corresponding to the UE F1AP ID: TA, PHR, AOA.

[0164] In step S704, in response to F1AP message A being a request message, gNB-DU replies to gNB-CU via F1AP message B.

[0165] Step S706, gNB-CU sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the user equipment to notify the user equipment to start periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object;

[0166] Step S708: The gNB-DU initiates periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the corresponding user equipment according to the information in the F1AP message A, and reports the measurement information to the gNB-CU through the F1AP message C according to the measurement period, including TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, and AOA measurement information.

[0167] Step S710: The user equipment starts periodic measurement of the co-frequency measurement object according to the measurement period carried in the RRCReconfiguration message, and reports the measurement results to gNB-CU through the measurement report information, including the RSRP, RSRQ and SINR of the serving cell, co-frequency neighboring cells and serving cell beam;

[0168] Step S712, gNB-CU collects measurement data of the wireless network characteristics of user equipment based on TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, AOA measurement information and RSRP, RSRQ and SINR of serving cell, co-frequency neighboring cell and serving cell beams from multiple measurement cycles.

[0169] Step S714: Repeat steps S706-S712. After the gNB-CU continuously summarizes the measurement information of the wireless network characteristics of user equipment multiple times, it performs UAV feature matching through a neural network.

[0170] In this embodiment, F1AP message A is the first F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message, or a request message that needs to be replied to gNB-CU), or it can be an existing message (e.g., a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, etc.).

[0171] In this embodiment, F1AP message B is the third F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This F1AP message can be a newly defined F1AP message or an existing message (such as UE context establishment response or UE context modification response).

[0172] In this embodiment, F1AP message C is the second F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment, wherein F1AP message C is a newly defined F1AP message.

[0173] In this embodiment, the measurement period for the base station central unit to receive the measurement report information is set to be equal to or greater than the measurement period for receiving the second F1AP message, and the error between the two measurement periods is less than 2 seconds.

[0174] In this embodiment, measurement information of the wireless network characteristics of multiple user devices is used as training data, and user devices are labeled as either drone terminals or ordinary terminals according to their categories. The problem of distinguishing between drone terminals and ordinary terminals is modeled as a classification problem. Based on this, the drone identification model is automatically trained and updated according to the differences in behavioral characteristics between the two, and drone identification is performed through the drone identification model. This disclosure does not limit the drone identification method.

[0175] In this embodiment, through FIAP message collaboration between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, as well as direct interaction between the base station central unit and the user equipment, more comprehensive measurement data can be collected, providing data support for the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information.

[0176] Figure 8 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a UE-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the process includes the following steps:

[0177] Step S802: After the UAV is identified multiple times through the neural network, the gNB-CU actively sends an F1AP message A to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to stop the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics; wherein, the F1AP message A includes the following information: UE F1AP ID; measurement event type: stop measurement;

[0178] In step S804, when F1AP message A is a UE context modification request, gNB-DU replies to gNB-CU with a UE context modification response;

[0179] Step S806, gNB-DU stops the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the corresponding user equipment according to F1AP message A;

[0180] In step S808, the gNB-CU sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the user equipment to notify the user equipment to stop periodic measurements of the same frequency measurement object;

[0181] Step S810: The user equipment stops periodic measurements of the same-frequency measurement object according to the RRCReconfiguration message;

[0182] In step S812, the user equipment sends an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB-CU, reporting information to the base station central unit that it can correctly understand and is ready to execute the RRCReconfiguration message.

[0183] In this embodiment, F1AP message A is the fourth F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message) or an existing message (e.g., a UE context modification request).

[0184] In this embodiment, the UE context modification response is the fifth F1AP message in the above-described drone identification method embodiment.

[0185] In this embodiment, through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, and direct interaction between the base station central unit and the user equipment, the base station distribution unit and the user equipment can stop the measurement in a timely manner.

[0186] Figure 9 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the process of a base station initiating periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics via a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the process includes the following steps:

[0187] Step S902: When the cell supports UAV identification, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message D to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to start periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message D includes the following information: NR CGI; measurement event type: start measurement; measurement period corresponding to NR CGI; measurement information type corresponding to NR CGI: TA, PHR, AOA.

[0188] Step S904: The gNB-DU initiates periodic measurements of the wireless network characteristics of multiple user equipments under the cell corresponding to the NR CGI based on the information in the F1AP message D. Each cell collects measurement information of multiple user equipments under that cell and reports it to the gNB-CU through the F1AP message E according to the measurement period. The F1AP message E includes the following information: NR CGI; UE F1AP ID corresponding to the multiple user equipments under the cell corresponding to the NR CGI; measurement information: TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, and AOA measurement information.

[0189] In this embodiment, F1AP message D is the first F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message, or a request message that requires a response to gNB-CU), or it can be an existing message (e.g., a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, etc.).

[0190] In this embodiment, F1AP message E is the second F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment, wherein F1AP message E can be a newly defined F1AP message.

[0191] Figure 10 is a flowchart (I) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, the process includes the following steps:

[0192] Step S1002: When the base station centralized unit needs to stop UAV identification, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message D to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to stop the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message D includes the following information: NR CGI; Measurement event type: Stop measurement.

[0193] In step S1004, the gNB-DU stops the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of the corresponding user equipment according to the F1AP message D.

[0194] In this embodiment, F1AP message D is the fourth F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message) or an existing message (e.g., a UE context modification request).

[0195] In this embodiment, through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, the base station distribution unit can promptly stop measuring the object being measured.

[0196] Figure 11 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of initiating periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the process includes the following steps:

[0197] Step S1102: When the cell supports UAV identification, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message D to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to start periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message D includes the following information: NR CGI; measurement event type: start measurement; measurement period corresponding to NR CGI; and measurement information type corresponding to NR CGI: TA, PHR, AOA.

[0198] Step S1104: gNB-DU starts periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics of all user equipment in the cell corresponding to NR CGI according to the information in F1AP message D, and starts periodic reporting timer.

[0199] Step S1106: When a UE accesses or switches to a base station, gNB-D initiates periodic measurements of the UE's wireless network characteristics based on the measurement information type and measurement period carried in the F1AP message D when creating a new UE instance.

[0200] In step S1108, the gNB-CU sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the user equipment to notify the user equipment to start periodic measurements of the same frequency measurement object;

[0201] Step S1110: When the timer expires, each cell collects the measurement information of all UEs under the same cell. The gNB-DU reports the measurement information to the gNB-CU through the F1AP message E, including TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, and AOA measurement information.

[0202] In step S1112, the user equipment initiates periodic measurements of the co-frequency measurement object according to the measurement period carried in the RRCReconfiguration message, and reports the measurement results to the gNB-CU through the measurement report message, including the RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR of the serving cell, co-frequency neighboring cells, and serving cell beam.

[0203] In step S1114, after receiving the measurement report message from the UE, the gNB-CU summarizes the RSRP, RSRQ, SINR of the serving cell beam level and multiple co-frequency neighboring cells of the UE in the current period, as well as the latest TA measurement information, PHR measurement information, and AOA measurement information reported by the gNB-DU, as the collection of measurement data of the wireless network characteristics of the user equipment.

[0204] Step S1116: Repeat steps S1110-S1114. After the gNB-CU continuously summarizes the measurement data of the wireless network characteristics of user equipment multiple times, it performs UAV feature matching through a neural network.

[0205] In this embodiment, F1AP message D is the first F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message, or a request message that requires a response to gNB-CU), or it can be an existing message (e.g., a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, etc.).

[0206] In this embodiment, F1AP message E is the second F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This F1AP message can be a newly defined F1AP message or an existing message (such as UE context establishment response or UE context modification response).

[0207] In this embodiment, the co-frequency measurement objects include: the serving cell, one or more co-frequency neighboring cells, and the serving cell's beam.

[0208] In this embodiment, the measurement period for the base station central unit to receive the measurement report information is set to be equal to or greater than the measurement period for receiving the second F1AP message, and the error between the two measurement periods is less than 2 seconds.

[0209] In this embodiment, measurement data of the wireless network characteristics of multiple user devices are used as training data, and user devices are labeled as either drone terminals or ordinary terminals according to their categories. The problem of distinguishing between drone terminals and ordinary terminals is modeled as a classification problem. Based on this, the drone identification model is automatically trained and updated according to the differences in behavioral characteristics between the two, and drone identification is performed through the drone identification model. This disclosure does not limit the drone identification method.

[0210] Figure 12 is a flowchart (II) illustrating the process of stopping the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics via a cell-level F1AP message in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the process includes the following steps:

[0211] In step S1202, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message D to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to stop the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics. The F1AP message D includes the following information: NR CGI; Measurement event type: Stop measurement.

[0212] Step S1204: gNB-DU stops the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics of multiple user devices under the corresponding NR CGI according to F1AP message D;

[0213] In step S1206, the gNB-CU determines that the current cell has stopped identifying drones through flow control or periodic measurement reports reported by the user equipment. The gNB-CU sends an RRCReconfiguration message to the user equipment to notify the user equipment to stop periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object.

[0214] Step S1208: The user equipment stops periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object according to the RRCReconfiguration message;

[0215] In step S1210, the user equipment sends an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB-CU, reporting information to the base station central unit that it can correctly understand and is ready to execute the RRCReconfiguration message.

[0216] In this embodiment, F1AP message D is the fourth F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message) or an existing message (e.g., a UE context modification request).

[0217] In this embodiment, the co-frequency measurement objects include: the serving cell, one or more co-frequency neighboring cells, and the serving cell's beam.

[0218] In this embodiment, through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, and direct interaction between the base station central unit and the user equipment, the base station distribution unit and the user equipment can stop the measurement in a timely manner.

[0219] Figure 13 is a flowchart illustrating the periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics modified by cell-level F1AP messages in one embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 13, the process includes the following steps:

[0220] Step S1302: When the period for the base station centralized unit to report measurement information to the base station distributed unit changes, the gNB-CU sends an F1AP message D to the gNB-DU to notify the gNB-DU to modify the periodic measurement of the wireless network feature information. The F1AP message D includes the following information: NR CGI; and the modified measurement period corresponding to NR CGI.

[0221] Step S1304: gNB-DU modifies the measurement of wireless network feature information according to the modified measurement period corresponding to NR CGI carried in F1AP message D.

[0222] In this embodiment, the measurement period can be 1024ms, 2048ms, 5120ms, 10240ms, 1min, etc.

[0223] In this embodiment, F1AP message D is the sixth F1AP message in the above-described UAV identification method embodiment. This message can be a newly defined F1AP message (e.g., a one-way indication message or notification message) or an existing message (e.g., a UE context modification request).

[0224] In this embodiment, the acquisition of measurement information of wireless network characteristics is achieved through FIAP message cooperation between the base station central unit and the base station distribution unit, enabling the base station central unit to identify drones based on the measurement information. Therefore, this solves the problem in related technologies where it is difficult to accurately distinguish between drone terminals and ordinary terminals in complex environments, achieving the technical effect of improving the accuracy of drone terminal identification.

[0225] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0226] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0227] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program and the processor being configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0228] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0229] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0230] Specific examples in this embodiment can be found in the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0231] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of this disclosure described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0232] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising: The base station central unit sends a first F1 application protocol F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, wherein the first F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to start periodic measurement of wireless network characteristics; The base station centralization unit receives a second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of the wireless network characteristics, so that the base station centralization unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information of multiple measurement periods.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first F1AP message includes at least one of the following: One or more measurement object identifiers; The measurement event types corresponding to the measurement object identifier include initiating measurement; The measurement information type corresponding to the measurement object identifier; The measurement period corresponding to the identifier of the measurement object.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The identifier of the measurement object includes: The User Equipment F1 Application Protocol Identifier (UE F1AP ID) is used to uniquely identify the user equipment communicating with the base station central unit via the F1 interface; or... The new Radio Global Cell Identifier (NR CGI) is used to uniquely identify new NR cells.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The base station centralization unit receives a second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, including: In response to the measurement object being identified as the UE F1AP ID, the base station central unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit according to the measurement period, wherein the second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit within one measurement period from measuring the wireless network characteristics of one or more user equipments corresponding to one or more UE F1AP IDs; or... In response to the measurement object being identified as the NR CGI, the base station central unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit according to the measurement period, wherein the second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit in measuring the wireless network characteristics of multiple user equipment in one or more cells corresponding to one or more NR CGIs within one measurement period.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The measurement information types include at least one of time advance, power margin report, and angle of arrival.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first F1AP message includes: a request message, an indication message, or a notification message, wherein the request message includes: a UE context establishment request, a UE context modification request, or other preset request messages.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, After the base station central unit sends the first F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, the method further includes: In response to the first F1AP message being the request message, the base station central unit receives a third F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, wherein the third F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the first F1AP message, and the response message includes a UE context establishment response, a UE context modification response, or other preset response messages.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, After the base station centralization unit receives the second F1AP message from the base station distribution unit, the method further includes: The base station central unit sends a fourth F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, wherein the fourth F1AP message is used to notify the base station distribution unit to stop the periodic measurement of the wireless network characteristics.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The fourth F1AP message includes at least one of the following: One or more measurement object identifiers; The measurement event type corresponding to the measurement object identifier includes stop measurement.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, After the base station centralization unit sends the fourth F1AP message to the base station distribution unit, the method further includes: In response to the fourth F1AP message being a request message, the base station central unit receives a fifth F1AP message from the base station distribution unit. The fifth F1AP message is a response message corresponding to the fourth F1AP message. The request message includes a UE context modification request or other preset request messages, and the response message includes a UE context modification response or other preset response messages.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: The base station centralization unit sends a first radio resource control reconfiguration message to the user equipment, wherein the first radio resource control reconfiguration message is used to notify the user equipment to start periodic measurement of the same frequency measurement object; The base station centralization unit receives a measurement report message from the user equipment, wherein the measurement report message carries the measurement results within one measurement cycle obtained by the user equipment from the signal measurement of the same frequency measurement object, so that the base station centralization unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information and the measurement results of the multiple measurement cycles, wherein the measurement results include at least one of the following: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal interference noise ratio (SINR).

12. A method for identifying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising: The base station distribution unit receives the first F1 application protocol F1AP message from the base station centralization unit; The base station distribution unit initiates periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the first F1AP message; The base station distribution unit sends a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit, wherein the second F1AP message carries measurement information of the wireless network characteristics, so that the base station centralization unit can identify the UAV based on the measurement information of multiple measurement periods.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The first F1AP message includes at least one of the following: One or more measurement object identifiers; The measurement event types corresponding to the measurement object identifier include initiating measurement; The measurement information type corresponding to the measurement object identifier; The measurement period corresponding to the identifier of the measurement object.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The identifier of the measurement object includes: The User Equipment F1 Application Protocol Identifier (UE F1AP ID) is used to uniquely identify the user equipment communicating with the base station central unit via the F1 interface; or... The new Radio Global Cell Identifier (NR CGI) is used to uniquely identify new NR cells.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The base station distribution unit sends a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit, including: In response to the measurement object being identified as the UE F1AP ID, the base station distribution unit sends a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit according to the measurement period. The second F1AP message carries measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit within one measurement period, measuring the wireless network characteristics of one or more user equipments corresponding to one or more UE F1AP IDs; or... In response to the measurement object being identified as the NR CGI, the base station distribution unit sends the second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit according to the measurement period. The second F1AP message carries the measurement information obtained by the base station distribution unit in measuring the wireless network characteristics of multiple user equipment in one or more cells corresponding to one or more NR CGIs within one measurement period.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The measurement information types include at least one of time advance, power margin report, and angle of arrival.

17. A drone identification system, comprising: The base station central unit is configured to send a first F1AP message to the base station distribution unit; The base station distribution unit is configured to receive the first F1AP message, initiate periodic measurements of wireless network characteristics based on the first F1AP message, and send a second F1AP message to the base station centralization unit. The base station centralization unit is also configured to receive the second F1AP message and identify the drone based on the measurement information of the wireless network characteristics carried in the second F1AP message.

18. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

19. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

20. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

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