Sensing method and apparatus, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of sensing, is applied to radio-frequency sensing, and particularly relates to a sensing method and apparatus, and a readable storage medium. The method comprises: a first apparatus acquiring and sending a sensing reference signal, wherein the sensing reference signal comprises Nsymb π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, and the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during the sending process; and a second apparatus receiving an echo signal of the sensing reference signal, and performing sensing measurement on the basis of the echo signal of the sensing reference signal. The present application can improve the transmission power and is applicable to low-power sensing and long-distance sensing scenarios.

Description

A sensing method, apparatus and readable storage medium

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510099399.1, filed on January 21, 2025, with the China National Intellectual Property Administration, entitled "A Sensing Method, Apparatus and Readable Storage Medium", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of wireless sensing, and more particularly to a sensing method, apparatus, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0003] Radio frequency (RF) sensing is a technology that uses radio signals to detect and analyze objects or phenomena in the environment. By transmitting radio frequency signals and analyzing the reflection, attenuation, or changes in these signals after they interact with objects, RF sensing systems can identify the presence, location, movement, and even the properties of certain materials. Possible use cases for RF sensing include personnel monitoring, such as identifying and monitoring an individual's location, movement speed, and even vital signs like heart rate and respiratory rate. Other potential use cases include location detection, direction finding, and distance estimation.

[0004] Currently, wireless radio frequency sensing can utilize reference signals (RS) defined by the New Radio (NR) interface, such as demodulation reference signals (DMRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), sounding reference signals (SRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), or synchronization signals / physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). However, NR reference signals are designed for different purposes. While this helps optimize RSs for specific targets, it also makes using NR reference signals for sensing a suboptimal solution, potentially failing to meet sensing requirements. For example, an SSB occupies 240 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Assuming a subcarrier spacing of 30kHz, the SSB occupies a bandwidth of 7.2MHz, corresponding to a distance resolution of approximately 20.83 meters, which may be insufficient for high-precision sensing requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a sensing method, apparatus, and readable storage medium. By designing the sensing reference signal, the transmission power can be improved, making it suitable for low-power sensing and long-distance sensing scenarios.

[0006] The sensing reference signal in this application can be understood as a reference signal or radar signal used for sensing. For example, the sensing reference signal may be used solely for implementing sensing functions. More specifically, the sensing reference signal may be used for both sensing and other functions, such as communication functions. The embodiments in this application are not limited.

[0007] The present application is described below from different aspects. It should be understood that the different implementation methods and beneficial effects described below can be referenced from each other.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a sensing method, which can be applied to a first device, which may be a network device (such as a base station) or a terminal, or a communication module or component of the network device or terminal, or a logic module or chip capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device or terminal. The method includes: the first device acquiring a sensing reference signal and transmitting the sensing reference signal. The sensing reference signal may include N... symbA single-carrier symbol of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is used, and the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during transmission. symb It is an integer greater than 1. The first device maintains phase continuity during the transmission of the sensing reference signal. In other words, the sensing reference signal output by the first device's RF channel / RF module / RF unit maintains phase continuity.

[0009] In this method, the sensing reference signal carries multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. Since π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols have a low PAPR, transmission power can be increased, making it suitable for low-power sensing and long-range sensing scenarios. Furthermore, the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during transmission, which is beneficial for the sensing receiver (such as the second device) to perform coherent combining processing on the received multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, thereby improving sensing performance, such as enhancing distance or position estimation performance.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, before the first device transmits the sensing reference signal, the method further includes: the first device acquiring first indication information, which can be used to indicate that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. In this application, the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence. This allows for flexible design of the sensing reference signal, thereby adapting to different scenario requirements.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the aforementioned N symb The time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are continuous.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, before the first device transmits the sensing reference signal, the method further includes: the first device transmitting capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, a supported sequence adjustment factor, a window function used for supported spectrum shaping, a supported channel bandwidth for a given subcarrier spacing, or a supported maximum phase continuity time. For example, the supported maximum phase continuity time may be the duration of X (time-domain) symbols / slots / subframes, which is greater than or equal to the transmission of the aforementioned N. symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. If this N symb The time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are consecutive, and the duration of a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is T. symb Then transmit these N symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is N.symb ×T symb If this N symb If the time-domain positions of the N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are not continuous, then the transmission of these N symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the interval between the start time of the first π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the end time of the last π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, which is greater than N. symb ×T symb .

[0013] For another example, the maximum supported phase continuity time can be Y milliseconds, where Y is greater than or equal to the transmission time N. symb The time required for a single π / 2-BPSK carrier symbol.

[0014] For example, when the first device is a terminal, the first device sends the aforementioned capability information when it joins the network.

[0015] In this implementation, the first device reports its own capability information so that the configuration of the sensing reference signal can be adapted to the capabilities of the first device itself.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: a first device receiving configuration information indicating one or more of the following: time-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, frequency-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, a sequence adjustment factor α, or a window function used for spectrum shaping. For example, the sequence adjustment factor α may be one of the supported sequence adjustment factors described above. The window function used for spectrum shaping may be one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping described above.

[0017] For example, the frequency domain resources of the aforementioned sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal. Wherein, the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal is less than or equal to the maximum channel bandwidth supported under the given subcarrier spacing.

[0018] As can be seen, the configuration information received by the first device is related to the reported capability information, that is, the transmission of the sensing reference signal is configured in a manner specific to the first device (e.g., according to the capabilities of the first device).

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a sensing method that can be applied to a second device, which may be a network device (such as a base station) or a terminal, or a communication module or component of the network device or terminal, or a logic module or chip capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device or terminal. The method includes: the second device receiving an echo signal of a sensing reference signal. The sensing reference signal may include N... symb N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. symb It is an integer greater than 1. The echo signal of the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during reception. In other words, the second device maintains phase continuity during the reception of the echo signal of the sensing reference signal. Furthermore, the echo signal of the sensing reference signal input to the RF channel / RF module / RF unit of the second device also maintains phase continuity. The echo signal of the sensing reference signal can be obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal from the target object.

[0020] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: the second device can also perform sensing measurements based on the echo signal of the sensing reference signal. Here, sensing measurements can be understood as measuring information such as the distance and speed of the target object.

[0021] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, before the second device receives the echo signal of the sensing reference signal, the method further includes: the second device acquiring first indication information, which can be used to indicate that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence. In this application, the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence.

[0022] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the second device receiving the echo signal of the sensed reference signal may include: the second device receiving N stream The echo signal of the flow-sensing reference signal, the N stream Flow-sensing reference signal frequency division multiplexing, and the N stream The flow-sensing reference signal satisfies the requirements of quasi-co-addressable type C. stream It is an integer greater than 1.

[0023] For example, the second device performing sensing measurements based on the echo signal of the sensing reference signal may include: the second device based on this N stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal.

[0024] For example, this N stream The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same, and / or these N stream The same window function is used for spectrum shaping of the flow-sensing reference signal.

[0025] This implementation receives echo signals of multi-stream sensing reference signals, which employ frequency division multiplexing and meet the requirements of quasi-co-address type C, so that a sensing receiver (such as a second device) can collaboratively sense the echo signals of these multi-stream sensing reference signals, thereby improving sensing performance, such as distance or position estimation performance.

[0026] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, before the second device receives the echo signal of the sensed reference signal, the method further includes: the second device transmitting capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, a supported sequence adjustment factor, a window function used for supported spectrum shaping, a supported channel bandwidth for a given subcarrier spacing, or a supported maximum phase continuity time. For example, the supported maximum phase continuity time is greater than or equal to the transmitted N mentioned above. symb The time required for a single π / 2-BPSK carrier symbol. For example, the maximum phase continuity time supported by the second device is greater than or equal to the maximum phase continuity time supported by the first device.

[0027] For example, when the second device is a terminal, the second device sends the aforementioned capability information when it joins the network.

[0028] In this implementation, the second device also reports its own capability information so that the configuration of the sensing reference signal can be adapted to the capabilities of the second device itself.

[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the method further includes: a second device receiving configuration information indicating one or more of the following: time-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, frequency-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, a sequence adjustment factor α, or a window function used for spectrum shaping. For example, the sequence adjustment factor α may be one of the supported sequence adjustment factors described above. The window function used for spectrum shaping may be one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping described above.

[0030] For example, the window function used for spectrum shaping indicated by the configuration information received by the second device may be different from the window function used for spectrum shaping indicated by the configuration information received by the first device.

[0031] For example, the frequency domain resources of the aforementioned sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal. Wherein, the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal is less than or equal to the maximum channel bandwidth supported under the given subcarrier spacing.

[0032] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation, the above configuration information may further include one or more of the following: the number N of the sensing reference signal. stream Or, a second indication information. This second indication information can be used to indicate based on N. stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal.

[0033] This implementation method carries the sensing and measurement method of the sensing receiver (such as the second device) in the configuration information (whether it is cooperative sensing, the number of sensing signals in cooperative sensing, etc.), which can flexibly configure the sensing and measurement method.

[0034] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in one possible implementation, the aforementioned π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by sequence adjustment and / or spectrum shaping of a π / 2-BPSK sequence. The sequence adjustment is determined based on a sequence adjustment factor α. For example, when the sequence adjustment factor α is greater than 0, the sequence adjustment is sequence expansion; when the sequence adjustment factor α is less than 0, the sequence adjustment is sequence truncation; when the sequence adjustment factor α is equal to 0, it can be understood that no sequence adjustment is performed. Spectrum shaping includes frequency domain spectrum shaping or time domain spectrum shaping.

[0035] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α is related to the length of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number of subcarriers carrying the aforementioned sensing reference signal.

[0036] The π / 2-BPSK sequence in this application can be understood as a modulation sequence obtained by π / 2-BPSK modulation of a bit stream (such as a sequence containing elements 0 and 1). The bit stream here can be a pseudo-random sequence, such as a gold sequence, an m-sequence, or a Gray complement pair.

[0037] In combination with the first or second aspect, in one possible implementation, the above N symb In a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

[0038] For example, the above N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. It can be understood that if the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained through spectrum shaping (without sequence adjustment), then the above N... symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. If the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained through sequence adjustment and spectrum shaping, then the above N symbThe sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is also the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0039] It is understood that the frequency domain signal corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence is not a constant-mode signal. This implementation method uses multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols to carry different π / 2-BPSK sequences, so that the sensing receiver (such as the second device) can perform coherent processing of multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols to flatten the spectrum, thereby improving sensing performance, such as distance or position estimation performance.

[0040] In combination with the first or second aspect, in one possible implementation, the above N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. The π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb odd numbers, N symb It is an even number greater than 0.

[0041] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same. It can be understood that if the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained through spectrum shaping (without sequence adjustment), then the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same. If the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained through both sequence adjustment and spectrum shaping, then the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is also the same.

[0042] This implementation leverages the property of Gray complement pairs (a Gray complement pair contains two Gray sequences, the sum of which is an impulse function). At the sensing receiver side (such as the second device), a flat spectrum can be achieved based on the two echo symbols carrying a Gray complement pair, thereby improving sensing performance. The echo symbol can be understood as the symbol resulting from the reflection of a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol transmitted by the sensing transmitter (such as the first device) after passing through the target object.

[0043] In combination with the first or second aspect, in one possible implementation, the above N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complement pairs, this (N symb / 2) Two or more Gray complement pairs are different. This can improve perception performance, such as improving distance perception performance for fast-moving objects. Thirdly, this application provides a communication device, which may be a first device or a chip within a first device. The communication device is used to perform the methods in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof. The communication device includes modules having the ability to perform the methods in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0044] Thirdly, this application provides a communication device, which may be a first device or a chip within a first device. The communication device is used to execute the methods described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof. The communication device includes modules having functions for executing the methods described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0045] Fourthly, this application provides a communication device, which may be a second device or a chip within a second device. The communication device is used to perform the methods described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof. The communication device includes modules having the capability to perform the methods described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof.

[0046] In the third or fourth aspect, the aforementioned communication device may include a transceiver module and a processing module. Further details regarding the transceiver module and processing module can be found in the device embodiments shown below. The beneficial effects of the third and fourth aspects described above can be referenced in the relevant descriptions of the first and second aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0047] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device including a processor for executing the methods shown in the first aspect, the second aspect, or any of the aspects or any possible implementations described above. The processor executes a program stored in a memory, and when the program is executed, the methods shown in the first aspect, the second aspect, or any of the aspects or any possible implementations described above are executed.

[0048] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, the memory is located outside the aforementioned communication device.

[0049] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in one possible implementation, the memory is located within the aforementioned communication device.

[0050] In this embodiment, the processor and memory can also be integrated into a single device, that is, the processor and memory can be integrated together. For example, the communication device can be a chip.

[0051] Sixthly, this application provides a communication device including a processor and an interface circuit coupled together. The interface circuit is used for exchanging (or sending / receiving or inputting / outputting) information or data. The processor is used to execute program instructions, causing the communication device to perform the methods described in the first aspect, or the second aspect, or any possible implementation thereof. The interface circuit may be a communication interface or a transceiver. The transceiver may be a radio frequency module in the communication device, or a combination of a radio frequency module and an antenna, or an input / output interface of a chip or circuit.

[0052] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect, or the second aspect, or any possible implementation thereof.

[0053] Eighthly, this application provides a computer program product containing program instructions that, when run, causes the method described in any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the second aspect, or any of the aspects to be executed.

[0054] Ninthly, this application provides a sensing system, which includes at least a first device and a second device. The first device is used to perform the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect; the second device is used to perform the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.

[0055] The technical effects achieved in the above aspects can be referred to each other or to the beneficial effects in the method embodiments shown below, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the generation and demodulation of NR OFDM symbols;

[0057] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude modulation-amplitude modulation curve of a typical solid-state power amplifier;

[0058] Figure 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of phase-continuous signals and phase-discontinuous signals;

[0059] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible, non-limiting system architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a wireless radio frequency sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a sensing reference signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol generation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 8b is another schematic diagram of generating π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0065] Figure 9 is another schematic diagram of the generation of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0066] Figure 10a is a simulation diagram of the frequency domain signal Y(k) corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0067] Figure 10b shows multiple frequency domain signals {Y} provided in the embodiments of this application. l Simulation diagram of (k)} accumulation;

[0068] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a flat spectrum of a sensing receiver provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which two different beams of the same sensing transmitter transmit sensing reference signals according to an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 14 is another structural schematic diagram of a possible communication device provided by an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific operation methods and functional descriptions in the method embodiments can also be applied to the device embodiments or system embodiments.

[0073] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0074] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a, b, and c. Here, a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0075] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, they distinguish different instruction information, rather than describing a specific order or sequence. Such descriptions can be interchanged where appropriate to describe solutions other than those in the embodiments of this application.

[0076] In this application, "instruction" or "for instruction" can include both direct and indirect instruction. When describing instruction information as being used to instruct A, it may include whether the instruction information directly or indirectly instructs A, but does not necessarily mean that the instruction information carries A.

[0077] The indication methods involved in the embodiments of this application should be understood to cover various methods that enable the party to be indicated to obtain the information to be indicated. The information to be indicated can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information and sent separately. Moreover, the sending period and / or sending time of these sub-information can be the same or different. This application does not limit the sending method, for example.

[0078] The "instruction information" in the embodiments of this application can be an explicit instruction, that is, a direct instruction through signaling, or an instruction obtained by combining other rules or parameters with the parameters indicated by the signaling, or by deduction. It can also be an implicit instruction, that is, an instruction obtained based on rules or relationships, or based on other parameters, or by deduction. This application does not specifically limit it in this regard.

[0079] In this application, "predefined" may include predefined terms, such as protocol definitions. "Preconfiguration" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device, and this application does not limit the implementation method.

[0080] In this application, "transmission" includes both "sending" and "receiving". "Transmission" can also be described as "output". In this application, "message", "information", or "information element (IE)" can be used interchangeably, and there are no restrictions on the name of the message or information, as long as it can achieve the corresponding function.

[0081] "Sending information to XX (device)" can be understood as the destination of the information being that device. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to that device. "Receiving information from XX (device), or receiving information from XX (device)" can be understood as the source of the information being that device. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from that device. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be understood in a similar way, and will not be elaborated further here. Furthermore, "sending" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receiving" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface. In other words, "sending" or "receiving" can occur between devices, for example, between network devices and terminal devices via an air interface; "sending" or "receiving" can also occur within a device, for example, between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0082] It is understandable that information may undergo necessary processing, such as encoding and modulation, between the source and destination, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar statements in this application can be interpreted in a similar way and will not be elaborated further.

[0083] In this application, the terms "exemplary," "for example," "such as," etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the term "example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, "of," "corresponding, relevant," "corresponding," and "associate" may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinctions are emphasized.

[0084] To facilitate understanding of this application, some terms or nouns used in this application are introduced below.

[0085] I. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0086] Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation technique that divides a channel into several orthogonal sub-channels and converts high-speed data signals into parallel low-speed sub-data streams, which are then modulated onto each sub-channel for transmission. This reduces mutual interference between sub-channels, improves spectral efficiency, and effectively combats multipath fading and frequency-selective fading. Therefore, OFDM technology is widely used in wireless communication.

[0087] For example, see Figure 1, which is a flowchart of NR OFDM symbol generation and demodulation. The data sequence includes modulation symbols obtained by modulating the (encoded) bitstream. Modulation schemes can include, but are not limited to: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), etc. The signal {S(p)} is a frequency domain signal. The serial-to-parallel (S / P) module converts M consecutive data S(kM), S(kM+1), ..., S(kM+M-1) into M-dimensional data S. k =[S(kM),S(kM+1),…,S(kM+M-1)] T The subscript k represents the OFDM symbol number, and the superscript T represents transpose. Through subcarrier mapping, S kThe M data carried are modulated onto N subcarriers. sc On N subcarriers, where N sc =M, the rest (NN) sc The N subcarriers can be understood as being modulated by data 0. The N-dimensional data vector X k A set of N complex time-domain sampling points x is obtained by performing an N-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT). k =[x k (0),x k (1),…,x k (N-1)] T .

[0088] It is understandable that, since OFDM symbols can include cyclic prefixes (CP), the process of generating OFDM symbols can also include the addition of CPs.

[0089] One possible CP addition operation is: copy x k The last G samples are appended to x. k At the beginning, thus obtaining the time-domain OFDM symbol. Therefore, an OFDM symbol can contain valid data x k And cyclic prefix (redundant data). Among them, CP can eliminate inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation (the propagation phenomenon of radio signals reaching the receiver through two or more paths).

[0090] At the receiver, OFDM symbols are demodulated through inverse processing. Assuming time and frequency synchronization are available and the CP length is sufficient, the CP removal operation (i.e., removing the first G samples from the received signal) yields a data block with N samples without ISI. This data block with N samples without ISI is also equal to x. k Circular convolution with the channel impulse response. The time-domain circular convolution can be converted into frequency-domain dot product using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and then low-complexity channel equalization can be achieved using frequency-domain single-tap equalization.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the above S k This may include the aforementioned modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. Redundant signal sampling points may include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sampling points, demodulation reference signals, or tone-preserving signals, etc.

[0092] It can be understood that when N satisfies certain constraints, such as when N is a power of 2, 3, etc., the IDFT can also be implemented by an efficient inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Correspondingly, the DFT can also be implemented by an efficient FFT. In the following text of this application, the IDFT and IFFT can be interchanged, and the DFT and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) can also be interchanged.

[0093] The above N sc can be understood as the number of subcarriers within the transmission bandwidth. For example, N in FIG. 1 sc = M. Optionally, N sc can also be greater than or less than M. For example, in frequency-domain spectrum shaping with bandwidth expansion, N sc > M, the sequence of length M of S k can be sequence-expanded, and it is assumed that the length of the expanded sequence is equal to N sc . Again, for example, in frequency-domain spectrum shaping with bandwidth compression, N sc < M, the sequence of length M of S k can be sequence-truncated, and it is assumed that the length of the truncated sequence is equal to N sc .

[0094] II. OFDM with Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading

[0095] OFDM with discrete Fourier transform spreading (DFT-s-OFDM) is shown in FIG. 1 as described above. DFT-s-OFDM defines a data block s k transmitted in the time domain, and there is an additional DFT process before subcarrier mapping, that is, for each data block s k containing M data, an M-point DFT operation is performed to obtain S k . Through this operation, the DFT-s-OFDM signal has the characteristics of a single carrier and has a much lower peak-to-average power ratio (referred to as PAPR) than multi-carrier signals such as OFDM. Therefore, in the case of the same power amplifier (referred to as PA), DFT-s-OFDM can provide greater output power and higher PA efficiency, thereby achieving the purpose of improving coverage and reducing energy consumption. Because the coverage and power consumption advantages of DFT-s-OFDM are particularly obvious on the terminal device side, DFT-s-OFDM can be applied to uplink transmission.

[0096] Correspondingly, at the receiving end, as shown in Figure 1 above, there is an additional IDFT process after subcarrier demapping, that is, an M-point IDFT operation is performed on the data after subcarrier demapping.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the above s k This can include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. The modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating the (coded) bitstream. Modulation schemes can include PAM, PSK, QAM, offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), APSK, etc. Redundant signal sampling points can include PTRS sampling points, unique words (UW), zeros, etc.

[0098] It is understandable that in practical applications, if s k If unique words or zero tails (ZT) are included, then the CP operation may not be required during the OFDM symbol generation process. In other words, the DFT-s-OFDM mentioned below in the embodiments of this application can be CP DFT-s-OFDM, ZT-DFT-s-OFDM, or UW-DFT-s-OFDM, etc.

[0099] III. π / 2 binary phase shift keying

[0100] The modulation performed on the (encoded) bitstream described above is also called bit mapping. For example, bit mapping schemes (or modulation schemes) include, but are not limited to: binary phase shift keying (BPSK), π / 2-BPSK, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), or QAM, etc. QPSK can also be called 4QAM.

[0101] Taking the BPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps the i-th bit b(i) to the i-th BPSK symbol d(i) according to formula (1-1):

[0102] Taking the π / 2-BPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps the i-th bit b(i) to the i-th π / 2-BPSK symbol d(i) according to formula (1-2):

[0103] Based on formula (1-2), it can be deduced that there is only a 90-degree phase transition between two adjacent π / 2-BPSK symbols in the π / 2-BPSK sequence.

[0104] Taking the QPSK modulation mapper as another example, it maps two consecutive bits to a QPSK symbol, as shown in the following formula (1-3):

[0105] Where b(2i) and b(2i+1) represent the 2i-th and 2i+1-th bits respectively, and d(i) represents the i-th QPSK symbol.

[0106] Therefore, it can be concluded that both π / 2-BPSK sequences and QPSK sequences are constant modulus sequences, meaning that all elements in the sequence have the same modulus (or absolute value).

[0107] IV. Power Amplifier (PA)

[0108] Before being transmitted through an antenna, a signal is amplified by a power amplifier (PA). One of the most fundamental ways to describe PA behavior is through its AM-AM (amplitude modulation-amplitude modulation) and AM-PM (amplitude modulation-phase modulation) characteristics. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude modulation-amplitude modulation curve of a typical solid-state power amplifier, illustrating the output power as a function of the input power. As shown in Figure 2, the power amplifier has a linear operating region. Within this region, the output power of the power amplifier increases linearly with the input power. This can also be understood as the PA gain (i.e., the ratio of PA output power to input power) remaining constant, or the slope of the AM-AM curve remaining constant. As the input power continues to increase, the power amplifier enters a nonlinear region, and the output power no longer increases linearly with the input power. The gain is compressed, and the slope of the AM-AM curve decreases. When the saturation output power is reached, i.e., the output power no longer increases with the increase of input power, the slope becomes 0.

[0109] The nonlinear characteristics of a power amplifier affect the transmitted signal in two ways: in-band distortion and out-of-band distortion. In-band distortion mainly manifests as amplitude and phase distortion, degrading signal demodulation / detection performance. Out-of-band distortion mainly manifests as signal spectral spread / regeneration, increasing interference to users in adjacent channels. To mitigate the nonlinear effects of the power amplifier, the input signal power can be appropriately reduced, i.e., input power back-off (IBO) or output power back-off (OBO) can be implemented to keep the PA operating within its linear region as much as possible.

[0110] V. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)

[0111] The peak-to-average power ratio is the ratio of peak power to average power. For a signal x(t), its peak power over a certain time interval (e.g., from t0 to t1) is... And the average power is

[0112] PAPR can be expressed as the following formula (1-4):

[0113] Communication signals (such as OFDM, DFT-s-OFDM signals, etc.) are random signals. Their mean power can be understood as a fixed value, while their peak power is a random variable; therefore, PAPR is also a random variable. In statistics, the value of a random signal at a certain moment is often described by a probability density function; for example, in communication, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curve can be used to describe PAPR. Here, the probability that the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy, or the proportion of the time when the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy, as shown in the following formula (1-5):

[0114] Where P(·) represents probability.

[0115] The higher the PAPR of the PA input signal x(t), the larger the fluctuation range of the input power. Therefore, to ensure the signal remains entirely within the linear amplification range, a greater power back-off is required. Thus, designing a signal with a low PAPR can reduce the PA's output power back-off, increase transmission power, and expand coverage.

[0116] VI. Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences and Golay complementary pairs (GCPs)

[0117] Length N ZC The ZC sequence can be defined as:

[0118] Where u represents the root of the ZC sequence, which is related to N ZC Coprime. And c f =N ZC mod 2, where mod represents the modulo operation. For example, 12 mod 5 = 2. Combined with c f According to the definition, when N ZC When c is odd f =1; otherwise, that is, when N ZC When c is even, f =0.

[0119] In NR, assume a reference signal sequence r s (m) is generated based on the ZC sequence and has a length of M. ZC Then N ZC It is less than M ZC The largest prime number, the reference signal sequence r s (m) satisfies the following formula (1-7): r s (m)=x s (m mod N ZC ), m=0,1,…,M zc -1……………………………………………………(1-7)

[0120] Let a and b be binary sequences of length M0, denoted as: and in BPSK modulation is applied to a and b respectively to obtain sequences c and d. If the sum of the autocorrelation functions of c and d is the impulse function, that is, if sequences c and d satisfy the following formula (1-8), then a and b are called Gray complement pairs.

[0121] The superscript * indicates the complex conjugate operation. It can be understood that the time-domain impulse function corresponds to the frequency-domain constant-mode signal.

[0122] Furthermore, the sequence length M0 in GCP is restricted to satisfy:

[0123] Where α1, α2 and α3 are all non-negative integers.

[0124] VII. Phase continuity

[0125] Let's take a sinusoidal signal as an example to introduce phase continuity. The mathematical expression for a sinusoidal signal is x(t) = sin(α(t)), where α(t) = 2πft + θ, f represents the frequency, and θ represents the initial phase. For example, θ can be a constant. In practical applications, θ may vary with time. Here, for ease of explanation, we assume θ is a constant. See Figure 3, which shows a simplified diagram of phase-continuous and phase-discontinuous signals. The horizontal axis of Figure 3 represents time t, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude of the sinusoidal wave x(t). Suppose a sinusoidal signal has a frequency of f0 during the period from t0 to t1, switches to f1 at time t1, and then switches back to frequency f0 at time t2. If the phase of the signal is the same after the frequency switching as before the switching, the signal is said to be phase-continuous. Because x(t) = sin(α(t)), if the phase α(t) is continuous, then the amplitude x(t) is continuous. Figure 3 includes two curves. Curve 1 shows the case where the phase of the signal is the same after the frequency switch as before the frequency switch, and the signal is called phase continuous. Curve 2 shows the case where the phase of the signal is different after the frequency switch as before the frequency switch, and the signal is called phase discontinuous.

[0126] The following describes phase continuity under discontinuous transmission. For example, a sinusoidal signal is transmitted at frequency f0 from t0 to t1, with phase α(t) = 2πf0t + θ0, t0 ≤ t ≤ t1. No signal is transmitted from t1 to t2. After time t2, a sinusoidal signal is transmitted again at frequency f0, with phase α(t) = 2πf0t + θ1, t ≥ t2. Under this discontinuous transmission, to ensure phase continuity, θ0 = θ1 is required. It can be understood that α(t1) can be equal to α(t2), or it can be different from α(t2).

[0127] When a signal passes through a power amplifier (PA), the amplitude and phase of each frequency signal component are affected by the PA. Changing the frequency domain characteristics of the PA input signal, such as the occupied bandwidth or carrier frequency, will cause phase discontinuities. Furthermore, adjusting the PA gain will also lead to phase discontinuities. Therefore, to ensure phase continuity, the power is usually kept constant.

[0128] The following describes the systems and application scenarios involved in this application.

[0129] It is understood that the system architecture and application scenarios described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0130] The embodiments of this application can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. For example, the embodiments of this application can be applied to ultra-wideband (UWB) systems using the 802.15.4 series of protocols, wireless local area network (WLAN) systems using the 802.11 series of protocols, code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, 5G systems or new radio (NR), internet of things (IoT), non-terrestrial networks (NTN), or future communication systems such as sixth-generation mobile communication systems, etc.

[0131] Referring to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of a possible, non-limiting system architecture provided by an embodiment of this application, the system 1000 includes a radio access network 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the system 1000 may also include an Internet 300. The radio access network 100 may include at least one radio access network (RAN) device (110a and 110b in Figure 4, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 4, collectively referred to as 120). The terminal is wirelessly connected to the network device, and the network device is wirelessly or wiredly connected to the core network. The core network device and the network device may be independent physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logical functions of the network device may be integrated on the same physical device, or a single physical device may integrate some of the functions of the core network device and some of the functions of the network device. Terminals and network devices may be interconnected via wired or wireless means. Optionally, Figure 4 is only a schematic diagram. The system may also include other network devices, such as wireless relay devices and wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in Figure 4. The system shown in Figure 4 can realize communication, sensing, and / or positioning. For example, terminal 120a can send RF signals to perform RF sensing of one or more target objects.

[0132] A network device can be a device deployed in a radio access network that enables wireless communication with terminals, such as a radio access network device. Network devices can take many forms, including base stations, evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs), next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access points (APs) in Wi-Fi systems. Network devices can also be open radio access network (O-RAN) devices, cloud radio access network (CRAN) devices, satellites or drones in NTN communications, etc. Furthermore, network devices can be access network devices in communication systems that integrate two or more of the above systems. Network equipment can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 4, 110a), a micro base station or an indoor station (as shown in Figure 4, 110b), a relay node or a donor node, or a terminal that implements base station functions in machine-to-machine (M2M) or device-to-device (D2D) communication.

[0133] In addition, network devices can also be modules or units that perform some of the functions of a base station. For example, they can be central units (CU), distributed units (DU), or radio units (RU). RUs can be used to transmit and receive radio signals. CUs and DUs can be two independent network devices or integrated into the same network device, such as within a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio equipment, such as in remote radio units (RRUs) or active antenna units (AAUs). CUs can be further divided into two types of radio access network nodes: CU-control plane and CU-user plane. In different systems, network devices may have different names. For example, in an O-RAN system, a CU can be called an open CU (O-CU), a DU can be called an open DU (O-DU), and an RU can be called an open RU (O-RU). The network devices in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules. For example, the network device can be a server loaded with corresponding software modules.

[0134] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network devices. For ease of description, a base station is used as an example of a network device in the following description. It is understood that a base station can be referred to as a communication device. For example, a base station can be understood as a device with base station functions. For example, the device used to implement the functions of a base station can be a base station; or some components in a base station, such as CU, DU, etc. It can also be a device that can support the base station in implementing this function, such as a chip system, hardware circuit, software module, or hardware circuit plus software module, which can be installed in a base station or can be used in conjunction with a base station. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0135] A terminal is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, capable of sending signals to or receiving signals from a base station. Terminals can also be referred to as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), non-access point station (non-AP STA), etc. Terminal 120 can be widely used in various scenarios, such as cellular communication, WLAN communication, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, smart home, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.

[0136] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the terminal. It is understood that a terminal can be referred to as a communication device. For example, a terminal can be understood as a device with terminal functions. For example, the device used to implement the terminal functions can be a terminal itself; it can also be a device capable of supporting the terminal in implementing those functions, such as a chip system, hardware circuit, software module, or hardware circuit plus software module. This device can be installed in the terminal or can be used in conjunction with the terminal.

[0137] Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the base stations and terminals.

[0138] The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 4 can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j that access the wireless access network 100 through 120i, drone 120i is a base station; however, for base station 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, relative to 110a, 120i is also a base station. Therefore, both base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 4 can be called communication devices with base station functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 4 can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

[0139] Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of both. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0140] Radio frequency (RF) sensing has two implementation forms: mono-static sensing and bi-static sensing. Mono-static sensing can be understood as the same device transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) the reference signal. In the sensing process, this node both transmits the reference signal and receives the signal reflected from the target surface; therefore, mono-static sensing is also called self-transmitting and self-receiving sensing. For bi-static sensing, the reference signal transmitter and receiver are two different devices. In the sensing process, after sensing node A transmits the reference signal, the signal reflected from the target surface is received by sensing node B; therefore, bi-static sensing is also called A-transmitting and B-receiving sensing. It can be understood that the bi-static sensing in this application includes multi-static sensing, which uses multiple transmitters and / or multiple receivers.

[0141] Referring to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of a wireless radio frequency sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5(1), it describes a sensing scenario where the base station transmits and receives signals independently, i.e., the base station acts as both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) of the sensing reference signal. For example, the sensing reference signal 1 transmitted by the base station reaches the target object (e.g., a vehicle) and, after being reflected by the target object, the base station can receive the sensing reference signal 2. The base station can then perform sensing processing on the sensing reference signal 2 (e.g., measuring / analyzing various attributes of the received signal, such as the arrival time and angle of signals along each path) to obtain the sensing result (e.g., the size, shape, speed, or motion state of the target object). It can be understood that the sensing reference signal 2 here is obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal 1 from the target object; it can be called the echo signal of the sensing reference signal 1.

[0142] As shown in Figure 5(2), it describes a sensing scenario where base station A transmits and base station B receives, i.e., one base station acts as the transmitter of the sensing reference signal, and the other base station acts as the receiver of the sensing reference signal. For example, base station A transmits sensing reference signal 1. Due to the multipath propagation characteristics of the channel, sensing reference signal 1 may reach base station B along a line-of-sight (LOS) path, or it may reach base station B via a non-LOS path, such as after being reflected by a target object (e.g., a car). Base station B receives sensing reference signal 2, which is obtained after sensing reference signal 1 is reflected by the target object. Then, sensing reference signal 2 can be processed to obtain the sensing result. It can be understood that sensing reference signal 2 here is obtained by sensing reference signal 1 being reflected by the target object, and it can be called the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1.

[0143] As shown in Figure 5(3), it describes a sensing scenario where the base station transmits and the terminal receives the sensing reference signal. The base station acts as the transmitter of the sensing reference signal, and the terminal acts as the receiver. For example, the base station transmits sensing reference signal 1. This sensing reference signal 1 may reach the terminal via a LOS path or via a non-LOS path, such as after reflection from a target object (e.g., a vehicle). The terminal receives sensing reference signal 2, obtained after reflection from the target object, and then processes this sensing reference signal 2 to obtain the sensing result. It can be understood that sensing reference signal 2 is obtained by reflecting sensing reference signal 1 from the target object; it can be called the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1.

[0144] As shown in Figure 5(4), it describes a sensing scenario where the terminal transmits and the base station receives the sensing reference signal. The terminal acts as the transmitter of the sensing reference signal, and the base station acts as the receiver. For example, the terminal transmits sensing reference signal 1. This sensing reference signal 1 may arrive at the base station via a LOS path or via a non-LOS path, such as after being reflected by a target object (e.g., a vehicle). The base station receives sensing reference signal 2, obtained after sensing reference signal 1 is reflected by the target object. It can then perform sensing processing on sensing reference signal 2 to obtain the sensing result. It can be understood that sensing reference signal 2 is obtained by reflecting sensing reference signal 1 from the target object; it can be called the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1.

[0145] As shown in Figure 5(5), it describes a self-transmitting and self-receiving sensing scenario, where the terminal acts as both the transmitter and receiver of the sensing reference signal. For example, the sensing reference signal 1 sent by the terminal reaches the target object (e.g., a vehicle) and, after being reflected by the target object, the terminal can receive the sensing reference signal 2. The terminal can then process the sensing reference signal 2 to obtain the sensing result. It can be understood that the sensing reference signal 2 here is obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal 1 from the target object; it can be called the echo signal of the sensing reference signal 1.

[0146] As shown in Figure 5(6), it describes a sensing scenario where terminal A transmits and terminal B receives, i.e., one terminal acts as the transmitter of the sensing reference signal, and the other terminal acts as the receiver of the sensing reference signal. For example, terminal A transmits sensing reference signal 1. This sensing reference signal 1 may reach terminal B via a LOS path, or it may reach terminal B via a non-LOS path, such as after being reflected by a target object (e.g., a car). Terminal B receives sensing reference signal 2 obtained after sensing reference signal 1 is reflected by the target object, and can then perform sensing processing on sensing reference signal 2 to obtain the sensing result. It can be understood that sensing reference signal 2 here is obtained by sensing reference signal 1 being reflected by the target object, and it can be called the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1.

[0147] The term "target" or "target object" mentioned in this application can refer to various tangible objects in the environment capable of reflecting electromagnetic waves, such as mountains, forests, or buildings, and can also include movable objects such as vehicles, drones, pedestrians, and terminal devices. Figure 5 above uses a vehicle as an example of a target object; however, in specific applications, the target object can be other objects, and this application's embodiments are not limited to this. Based on whether the target is moving, it can be divided into moving targets (e.g., vehicles, drones) and stationary targets (e.g., roads, tall buildings). Based on different scattering point modeling methods, targets can be divided into point targets (e.g., small drones) and extended multi-point targets (also called area targets, such as large buildings).

[0148] In this application, "target" or "target object" may also be referred to as a sensed target, a detected target, a sensed object, a sensed device, or a sensed device, etc., and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0149] It is understandable that we assume the transmitted power of the sensing reference signal is P. t The echo signal power is P r The distance between the transmitter and the target is R. t The distance between the receiver and the target object is R. r The radar cross-section of the target object is σ, and the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna is A. r If the antenna gain is G, then the basic form of the radar equation is:

[0150] From formula (1-10), we can see that P r It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and related to P. t It is directly proportional. To increase P r It can increase P t This is especially important in long-range perception scenarios. To increase P... t In conjunction with the aforementioned introduction to PAPR, the PAPR of the sensing reference signal can be reduced.

[0151] One possible implementation involves using a reference signal (RS) defined by NR for RF sensing. NR differs from LTE in that it avoids always-on RS as much as possible; different RSs are transmitted and processed independently only when needed, or in other words, NR uses different RSs for different purposes. NR-defined RSs can include, but are not limited to: DMRS, CSI-RS, SRS, PRS, or SSB. The waveforms used by NR RSs and the reference signal sequences they carry are shown in Table 1 below.

[0152] Table 1

[0153] For PDSCH DMRS, it is transmitted along with the data-carrying symbols on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The data-carrying symbols use CP-OFDM waveforms, and the DMRS also uses CP-OFDM waveforms, carrying a defined QPSK sequence. The CP-OFDM waveform carrying the QPSK sequence will be abbreviated as QPSK OFDM waveform below. For PUSCH DMRS, it is transmitted along with the data-carrying symbols on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). When PUSCH does not support conversion precoding, the data-carrying symbols use CP-OFDM waveforms, and the DMRS uses QPSK OFDM waveforms. When PUSCH supports conversion precoding (i.e., the data-carrying symbols use CP-DFT-s-OFDM waveforms) and uses QPSK or higher modulation schemes, the DMRS uses CP-OFDM waveforms, carrying a ZC sequence. The CP-OFDM waveform carrying the ZC sequence will be abbreviated as ZC OFDM waveform below. When PUSCH supports conversion precoding (i.e., the symbols carrying data use CP-DFT-s-OFDM waveforms) and uses the π / 2-BPSK modulation scheme, DMRS uses CP-DFT-s-OFDM waveforms to carry a defined π / 2-BPSK sequence. The CP-DFT-s-OFDM waveform carrying the π / 2-BPSK sequence is abbreviated below as π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform. For CSI-RS and PRS, QPSK OFDM waveforms are used. For SRS, ZC OFDM waveforms are used. SSB contains four symbols: symbol 1 carries PSS, symbols 2 and 4 carry PBCH, and symbol 3 carries both SSS and PBCH. All four symbols use CP-OFDM waveforms; PSS / SSS correspond to BPSK sequences, while PBCH corresponds to QPSK sequences.

[0154] It is understandable that the PAPR of the π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform is the lowest, while that of the BPSK / QPSK OFDM waveform is the highest, and the PAPR of the ZC OFDM waveform is in between and related to the root of the ZC sequence. Although the PAPR of the π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform is the lowest, the frequency domain signal corresponding to the π / 2-BPSK sequence (which can be obtained by performing a DFT on the π / 2-BPSK sequence) is not a constant-modulus signal. When the sensing reference signal is a constant-modulus signal in the frequency domain, it helps to improve the performance of time delay or distance estimation.

[0155] As mentioned above, NR uses different RSs for different applications, which helps optimize RSs for specific purposes. However, this also makes using reference signals from NR for sensing a suboptimal solution, potentially failing to meet sensing requirements. For example, for PUSCH / PDSCH, considering the trade-off between DMRS overhead and channel estimation performance, a single time slot (containing 14 symbols under normal CP) can contain a maximum of 4 PUSCH / PDSCH DMRS symbols, and they are discretely distributed within the time slot. A small number of RS symbols (or short duration) and / or temporal discontinuity may lead to insufficient speed or Doppler estimation performance. Furthermore, SSB occupies 240 subcarriers in the frequency domain. Assuming a subcarrier spacing of 30kHz, the bandwidth occupied by the SSB is 7.2MHz, corresponding to a distance resolution of approximately 20.83 meters, which may be insufficient for high-precision sensing requirements.

[0156] Therefore, this application embodiment designs an RS specifically for (radio frequency) sensing. By adopting a sensing RS with a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier waveform, it has low PAPR, which can improve transmission power and is suitable for low-power sensing and long-distance sensing scenarios.

[0157] The sensing reference signal in the embodiments of this application can be understood as a reference signal used for sensing. The sensing reference signal can also be replaced by a sensing signal, radar signal, or radar sensing signal. This application does not impose any limitations. For example, the sensing reference signal can be used solely for implementing sensing functions. More exemplaryly, the sensing reference signal can be used to implement both sensing and other functions, such as channel estimation / measurement in communication. The embodiments of this application are not limited. One possible implementation is that the initial amplitude and phase information of the sensing reference signal can be pre-configured to the receiving end through a configuration sequence or other means.

[0158] In one possible implementation, this application describes the execution entities as "first device," "second device," and "third device." The "first device" can be understood as a transmitter (Tx) that senses a reference signal. The "first device" can also be understood as a terminal, a device with terminal functions, or a device that implements terminal functions. For example, the first device is a terminal, or the first device can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a terminal. Alternatively, the "first device" can also be understood as a base station, a device with base station functions, or a device that implements base station functions. For example, the first device is a base station, or the first device can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a base station, or it can be a module or unit (e.g., CU, DU, or RU) that fully or partially implements base station functions, a logic module, or software. Furthermore, the "first device" can also be understood as a device or apparatus with sensing capabilities, or a device or apparatus capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks. A device with sensing capabilities can also be called a sensing device, and a device capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks can also be called an artificial intelligence task execution device.

[0159] "Second device" can be understood as a receiver (Rx) that senses a reference signal. "Second device" can also be understood as a terminal, a device with terminal functions, or a device that implements terminal functions. For example, the second device is a terminal, or the second device can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a terminal. Alternatively, "second device" can also be understood as a base station, a device with base station functions, or a device that implements base station functions. For example, the second device is a base station, or the second device can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a base station, or it can be a module or unit (e.g., CU, DU, or RU) that fully or partially implements base station functions, a logic module, or software. Furthermore, "second device" can also be understood as a device or apparatus with sensing capabilities, or a device or apparatus capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks. A device with sensing capabilities can be called a sensing device, and a device capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks can be called an artificial intelligence task execution device.

[0160] It is understood that the "first device" in this application can also serve as the receiver (Rx) of the sensing reference signal, and correspondingly, the "second device" can also serve as the transmitter (TX) of the sensing reference signal. For ease of description, this application will use the example of the "first device" serving as the transmitter (Tx) of the sensing reference signal and the "second device" serving as the receiver (Rx) of the sensing reference signal.

[0161] The "third device" can be understood as a network entity used to manage the "first device" and the "second device." It can be a network function in the core network, a device in the access network, or a terminal / device with terminal functionality / device implementing terminal functionality. For example, the third device is a terminal, or it can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a terminal. Another example is a base station, or it can be a module (e.g., a chip or circuit) within a base station, or it can be a module or unit (e.g., CU, DU, or RU) that fully or partially implements base station functionality, a logic module, or software. Yet another example is a device or apparatus with sensing capabilities, or a device or apparatus capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks. Devices with sensing capabilities can be called sensing devices, and devices capable of performing artificial intelligence tasks can be called artificial intelligence task execution devices. Yet another example is a newly added network function in the core network: a sensing management function.

[0162] For example, the "third device" may be used to perform one or more of the following functions: configure the resources used for sensing by the "first device" and the "second device", schedule the "first device" and the "second device" to perform sensing, or align the sequences used for sensing, etc.

[0163] In some scenarios, the "first device" and the "second device" may belong to the same entity / device, that is, one entity / device serves as both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) of the sensing reference signal. In other words, the sensing method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to one or more of the following scenarios: the base station self-transmission and self-reception sensing scenario shown in Figure 5(1), or the terminal self-transmission and self-reception sensing scenario shown in Figure 5(5). Of course, the "first device" and the "second device" may belong to different entities / devices, that is, one entity / device serves as the transmitter (Tx) of the sensing reference signal, and the other entity / device serves as the receiver (Rx) of the sensing reference signal. In other words, the sensing method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to one or more of the following scenarios: the sensing scenario where base station A transmits and base station B receives as shown in Figure 5(2), the sensing scenario where base station transmits and terminal receives as shown in Figure 5(3), the sensing scenario where terminal transmits and base station receives as shown in Figure 5(4), or the sensing scenario where terminal A transmits and terminal B receives as shown in Figure 5(6).

[0164] In some scenarios, the "first device" and the "third device" can belong to the same entity / equipment, or the "second device" and the "third device" can belong to the same entity / equipment, or the "first device," the "second device," and the "third device" can belong to the same entity / equipment. Of course, the "first device" and the "third device" can belong to different entities / equipment. Alternatively, the "second device" and the "third device" can belong to different entities / equipment. Or, the "first device," the "second device," and the "third device" can belong to different entities / equipment.

[0165] The methods of the embodiments of this application are described below from the perspective of "first device", "second device" and "third device". However, it should be understood that "first device", "second device" and "third device" in the following text do not necessarily represent different devices / entities. They can be devices divided according to logical functions. See the description above for details.

[0166] The perception method of this application embodiment will be described by way of example below. Referring to Figure 6, Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of a perception method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the perception method includes, but is not limited to:

[0167] S101, the first device acquires a sensing reference signal, the sensing reference signal including N symb N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. symb It is an integer greater than 1. For example, "acquiring" here can be generated by the first device itself, or it can be obtained from other devices / equipment (e.g., through an antenna port, or an input / output (I / O) interface of a chip / circuit), and this application embodiment is not limited.

[0168] S102, the first device transmits the sensing reference signal, which maintains phase continuity during transmission. Specifically, the first device maintains phase continuity during the transmission of the sensing reference signal. For example, due to the multipath propagation characteristics of the channel, the sensing reference signal can reach the second device after being reflected from the target object.

[0169] It is understood that, in this embodiment of the application, the signal obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal sent by the first device after reflection by the target object can be referred to as the echo signal of the sensing reference signal. Subsequently, the echo signal can be received by the second device, so that the second device can perform sensing based on the echo signal. The second device also maintains phase continuity during the process of receiving the echo signal of the sensing reference signal.

[0170] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0171] S103, the second device performs sensing measurements based on the echo signal of the received sensing reference signal. Here, sensing measurements can be understood as measuring information such as the distance and speed of the target object.

[0172] In one possible implementation, maintaining phase continuity during the transmission of the sensing reference signal by the first device can be achieved as N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is located within a coherent processing interval (CPI). In one possible implementation, the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol in this embodiment can be a π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM symbol. For example, these N symb The time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols can be continuous. See Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of a sensing reference signal structure provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, the CPI contains N... symb π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM symbols, each π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM symbol having a duration of T. symb .

[0173] In this embodiment of the application, the transmitting end (such as the first device) maintains phase continuity during the transmission of the sensing reference signal, which enables the receiving end (such as the second device) to detect N. symb Coherent combining of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier echo symbols improves sensing performance. This can be understood as π / 2-BPSK single-carrier echo symbols being obtained from reflections of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols from the target object.

[0174] In one possible implementation, a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol can carry a π / 2-BPSK sequence. For example, the generation process of a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol may include sequence adjustment and / or spectral shaping of the π / 2-BPSK sequence. Sequence adjustment may be determined based on a sequence adjustment factor α. Spectral shaping may include frequency domain spectral shaping or equivalently, time domain spectral shaping.

[0175] The above N symb A total of N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols can carry N symb N π / 2-BPSK sequences. symb In a set of N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are not identical. In other words, the above N symb Two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

[0176] It can be understood that the frequency-domain signal corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence is non-constant modulus, or rather, the amplitude of this frequency-domain signal is non-flat. Therefore, among the N symb π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols in the embodiments of the present application, if two or more of them are different, it can enable the receiving end (such as the second device) to obtain a frequency-domain signal with better flatness or even approaching flatness after coherent processing, which is beneficial to improving the sensing performance, especially the distance or position estimation performance.

[0177] The π / 2-BPSK sequence in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as being obtained by performing π / 2-BPSK modulation on the bit stream, as shown in the above formula (1-2). Here, the bit stream can be a pseudo-random sequence, such as a gold sequence, an m sequence, or a Gray complementary pair, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0178] Taking the generation process of a single π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol (such as a π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM symbol) as an example below, the symbol generation method provided by the embodiments of the present application is introduced.

[0179] Referring to FIG. 8a, FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the generation of a single π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol provided by the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8a, the π / 2-BPSK sequence x(m) with a length of M is successively subjected to (time-domain) preprocessing (optional), DFT, sequence adjustment (optional), frequency-domain spectral shaping (FDSS), and subcarrier mapping, IDFT, and CP addition (optional) processing to obtain a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0180] As an example, the preprocessing satisfies the following formula (2-1): [[ID=,17]]

[0181] As another example, the preprocessing satisfies the following formula (2-2):

[0182] The sequence adjustment includes sequence extension or sequence truncation. When the number of subcarriers N within the transmission bandwidth sc >M, the sequence adjustment is sequence extension; when the number of subcarriers N within the transmission bandwidth sc <M, the sequence adjustment is sequence truncation. When the number of subcarriers N within the transmission bandwidth sc =M, the sequence adjustment can be understood as not existing, or the sequence adjustment is the sequence itself.

[0183] For example, sequence adjustment can be determined based on a sequence adjustment factor α. The sequence adjustment factor α is related to the length M of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number N of subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal. sc Related. For example, the sequence adjustment factor α satisfies the following formula (2-3):

[0184] Of course, the sequence adjustment factor α can have other definitions, and this application does not limit this. For example,

[0185] For example, regarding the preprocessing shown in formula (2-2) above, an example of sequence expansion (e.g., sequence adjustment factor α is greater than 0) or sequence truncation (e.g., sequence adjustment factor α is less than 0) is as follows:

[0186] When the sequence adjustment factor α equals 0, i.e. N sc When = M, It satisfies the following formula (2-5):

[0187] FDSS can be understood as the frequency domain signal to be transmitted. (Frequency domain) windowing processing. Mathematically, it can be described as:

[0188] Where ω(k) is the k-th coefficient of the FDSS window function. S(k) maps to N within the transmission bandwidth. sc On each subcarrier.

[0189] It is understandable that frequency domain sequence adjustment and / or FDSS can also be equivalently implemented in the time domain.

[0190] For example, consider a sequence adjustment factor α equal to 1, i.e., N sc Equal to 2M, the sequence adjustment in the frequency domain (as in formula (2-4) above) can be equivalent to upsampling with an upsampling factor of 2 before the DFT. See Figure 8b, which is another schematic diagram of generating a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol provided in this embodiment. As shown in Figure 8b, a π / 2-BPSK sequence x(m) of length M undergoes (time domain) preprocessing, upsampling with an upsampling factor of 2, DFT, FDSS and subcarrier mapping, IDFT and CP addition processing sequentially to obtain a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0191] For example, consider a sequence adjustment factor α equal to 0, i.e., N sc If M equals the frequency domain signal in Figure 8a above, then... The FDSS can be equivalent to the time-domain spectral shaping (TDSS) of a π / 2-BPSK sequence x(m). This can be understood as the frequency domain signal... The (frequency domain) windowing process is equivalent to the circular convolution of the π / 2-BPSK sequence x(m) with a (time domain) window function. Referring to Figure 9, which is another schematic diagram of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol generation provided in this embodiment, a π / 2-BPSK sequence x(m) of length M is sequentially processed through (time domain) preprocessing, TDSS, DFT, subcarrier mapping, IDFT, and CP addition to obtain a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. It is assumed that the TDSS contains L... T +1 tap, where L T If ≥1, then the coefficients of the FDSS window function can be obtained by performing a DFT on the TDSS tap sequence.

[0192] In one possible implementation, the above N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol carries a different π / 2-BPSK sequence. However, these N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or these N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is also the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. In some scenarios, N symb It is an integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0193] This allows for coherent combining at the receiving end (such as the second device), resulting in a frequency domain signal with improved frequency flatness and enhanced sensing performance.

[0194] Referring to Figure 10a, which is a simulation diagram of the frequency domain signal Y(k) corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence provided in an embodiment of this application. In Figure 10a, M corresponds to 60 physical resource blocks, i.e., M equals 720. The horizontal axis of Figure 10a represents the subcarrier index k, which ranges from -360 to 359; the vertical axis represents the amplitude, in decibels (dB). As can be seen from Figure 10a, the amplitude of the frequency domain signal Y(k) corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence is not flat. In other words, the frequency domain signal corresponding to a single π / 2-BPSK sequence is not a constant-mode signal.

[0195] However, after coherent processing at the receiver, the frequency domain signals corresponding to multiple different π / 2-BPSK sequences can yield an approximate constant-mode signal. Assume the l-th (where 0 ≤ l ≤ N) sequence...symb The frequency domain signal corresponding to -1) π / 2-BPSK sequences is {Y} l (k)}, through N symb The accumulation of each frequency domain signal, i.e.:

[0196] It can be seen that {Z(k)} is an approximately constant-modulus signal, which can be mathematically described as: Z(k0) = Z(k1), or Z(k0) ≈ Z(k1), or the variance of {Z(k)} is less than a threshold value, where k0 ≠ k1. This N symb A frequency domain signal {Y l (k), 0 ≤ l ≤ N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to -1} is the same, and these N symb A frequency domain signal {Y l (k), 0 ≤ l ≤ N symb The window function used by the FDSS / TDSS corresponding to {-1} is also the same. See Figure 10b, which shows multiple frequency domain signals {Y} provided in an embodiment of this application. l (k)} cumulative simulation diagram. The horizontal axis of Figure 10b represents the subcarrier index k, which ranges from -360 to 359; the vertical axis represents the amplitude / magnitude, in dB. N symb It equals 1000.

[0197] Therefore, embodiments of this application transmit multiple different π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, enabling the sensing receiver (such as a second device) to perform coherent combining processing to flatten the spectrum, thereby improving sensing performance, such as distance or location estimation performance. The multiple different π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols can be understood as each of these multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols carrying a different π / 2-BPSK sequence.

[0198] Furthermore, due to the low PAPR of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the embodiments of this application can also increase transmission power and coverage (e.g., beneficial for long-range sensing); and also benefit power saving. This is because a low PAPR results in high transmit power, and for a given detection distance, the power of the echo signal of the aforementioned sensing reference signal is increased. This is beneficial for reducing the number of symbols required to achieve sensing performance requirements, i.e., reducing N... symb The numerical value is reduced because the number of symbols (or processing time) processed by the sensing transmitter (such as the first device) and the sensing receiver (such as the second device) is reduced, thereby achieving energy saving.

[0199] In one possible implementation, in order to reduce the accumulation time of the sensing receiver or reduce N... symbThe numerical values ​​of the π / 2-BPSK sequence can be filtered. For example, filtering can be based on the spectral flatness of the frequency domain signal Y(k), such as Y(k) meeting certain frequency domain flatness requirements. For instance, the absolute value of the difference between the peaks and troughs of the frequency domain signal Y(k) does not exceed 10 dB.

[0200] In another possible implementation, the above N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. The π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the same Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb An odd number. N symb The value is an even number greater than 0, such as 2, 4, 6, or 8. For example, a Gray complement pair contains two sequences Ga and Gb, where the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to sequence Ga, and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to sequence Gb. π / 2-BPSK modulation of sequence Ga yields π / 2-BPSK sequence 1; π / 2-BPSK modulation of sequence Gb yields π / 2-BPSK sequence 2. Then, π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are generated from π / 2-BPSK sequences 1 and 2 as shown in Figure 8a, Figure 8b, or Figure 9. It can be understood that π / 2-BPSK modulation of sequences Ga and Gb does not change the properties of the Gray complement pair, i.e., the sum of the autocorrelation functions of π / 2-BPSK sequence 1 and π / 2-BPSK sequence 2 is the impulse function. By utilizing the properties of Gray complement pairs, a flat spectrum can be achieved at the sensing receiver side based on the i-th echo symbol and the (i+1)-th echo symbol. Here, the i-th echo symbol can be the signal reflected from the target object after the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, and the (i+1)-th echo symbol can be the signal reflected from the target object after the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0201] For example, a flat spectrum implementation of a sensing receiver (such as the second device) is shown in Figure 11. As shown in Figure 11, the sensing receiver (such as the second device) performs a DFT and decarrier mapping on the i-th echo symbol, and then multiplies it by the frequency domain signal Y corresponding to the π / 2-BPSK sequence 1. i(k) yields signal 1; DFT and subcarrier mapping are performed on the (i+1)th echo symbol, and then it is dot-multiplied by the frequency domain signal Y corresponding to the π / 2-BPSK sequence 2. i+1 (k) can be used to obtain signal 2. Then, the sensing receiver (such as the second device) can add signal 1 and signal 2 to obtain signal 3, and make parameter estimations (such as time delay, Doppler, etc.) based on signal 3.

[0202] In one possible implementation, to enable the sensing receiver (such as the second device) to achieve a flat spectrum using the properties of Gray complement pairs, on the sensing transmitter side, the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol are the same, and / or the window functions used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol are also the same. In short, the sequence adjustment factor α and the window function used for spectrum shaping are the same for the two π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols carrying the Gray complement pair. For an explanation of the sequence adjustment factor α and spectrum shaping, please refer to the preceding description; it will not be repeated here.

[0203] In one possible implementation, the above N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complement pairs, this (N symb / 2) Two or more of the Gray complement pairs are different. In other words, this (N symb / 2) all Gray complement pairs are different; or this (N) symb / 2) Of the N Gray complement pairs, some Gray complement pairs are the same, and the other Gray complement pairs are different. In other words, the above N symb Some π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols may be identical. Embodiments of this application use different Gray complement pairs to generate different π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, which can improve delay estimation performance.

[0204] It is understandable that two π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols corresponding to the same Gray complement pair are treated the same way, such as having the same sequence adjustment factor α and the same window function for spectrum shaping. As an example, π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols corresponding to different Gray complement pairs can be treated differently, for example, using different sequence adjustment factors α and / or different window functions for spectrum shaping. For instance, π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols 0 and 1 correspond to GCP 0, and π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols 2 and 3 correspond to GCP 1. Therefore, the sequence adjustment factor α and the window function for spectrum shaping are the same for π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols 0 and 1, and also the same for π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols 2 and 3. However, the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 0 (or π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 1) and π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 2 (or π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 3) can be different, and / or, the window functions used for spectrum shaping corresponding to π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 0 (or π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 1) and π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 2 (or π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol 3) can be different.

[0205] In the embodiments of this application, different processing (such as using different sequence adjustment factors α and / or different window functions used for spectrum shaping) is applied to π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols corresponding to different Gray complement pairs, which can obtain additional gains, such as window function diversity gain.

[0206] In one possible implementation, after receiving the echo signal of the aforementioned sensing reference signal, the sensing receiver (such as the second device) can perform FDSS or TDSS processing on the echo signal to enhance sensing performance. For example, the FDSS of the sensing receiver (such as the second device) and the FDSS of the sensing transmitter (such as the first device) are matched (e.g., identical or conjugate) to avoid a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the main lobe in the time-delay-Doppler spectrum.

[0207] It is understandable that when the first device and the second device belong to the same entity / device, that is, when the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are the same device, the above step S103 can also be described as: the first device performs sensing measurement based on the echo signal of the received sensing reference signal. In other words, the sensing reference signal sent by the first device is reflected back to the first device by the target object. At this time, both the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are the first device, and the first device performs self-transmitting and self-receiving sensing measurement (e.g., measuring the distance and speed of the target object).

[0208] In one possible implementation, the second device can receive N stream The echo signal of the flow-sensing reference signal, and can be based on the received N stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal. N stream It is an integer greater than 1. Among them, N... stream One of the sensing reference signals in the flow sensing reference signal may include N symb There are N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. For an explanation of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, please refer to the previous description; it will not be repeated here. stream The flow-sensing reference signal can be frequency-division multiplexed. This N stream The flow sensing reference signal can come from different ports, different beams, or different antennas of the same sensing transmitter (such as the first device).

[0209] With two sensing reference signals (i.e., N) stream Taking (equal to 2) as an example, refer to Figure 12. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where two different beams of the same sensing transmitter transmit sensing reference signals according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the sensing transmitter uses beam 1 to transmit sensing reference signal 1 and beam 2 to transmit sensing reference signal 2. Sensing reference signal 1 and sensing reference signal 2 are frequency-division multiplexed, that is, the subcarriers occupied by sensing reference signal 1 and sensing reference signal 2 do not overlap. For example, sensing reference signal 1 occupies even-indexed subcarriers in the frequency domain, while sensing reference signal 2 occupies odd-indexed subcarriers in the frequency domain. The receiver can receive signals from beam 1 and beam 2, that is, receive the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1 and the echo signal of sensing reference signal 2. Among them, the signal from beam 1 includes, but is not limited to: sensing reference signal 1 that arrives at the receiver following the LOS path, and the echo signal of sensing reference signal 1 after being reflected by the target object. Similarly, signals from beam 2 include, but are not limited to: sensing reference signal 2 arriving at the receiver along the LOS path, and the echo signal of sensing reference signal 2 after being reflected by the target object. In some scenarios, beam 1 and beam 2 can transmit sensing reference signals simultaneously.

[0210] When sensing reference signal 1 and sensing reference signal 2 meet certain conditions, the sensing receiver (such as the second device) can perform collaborative sensing of the received echo signals to achieve a flat spectrum. For example, a sensing reference signal includes N symb There are N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols in total. stream If the stream-sensing reference signal is used, the receiver can receive N... symb ×N streamCooperative sensing measurements are performed using π / 2-BPSK single-carrier echo symbols. It can be understood that the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier echo symbol can be obtained by reflecting the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol from the target object.

[0211] The "certain conditions" here may include meeting the requirements of the quasi-co-addressable type C defined in NR. In other words, the above N stream The flow-sensing reference signal satisfies the requirements of quasi-colocation type-C (QCL-Type C). For example, the requirements of QCL-Type C include requirements regarding average time delay and Doppler frequency shift. For example, this "certain condition" may also include: the aforementioned N... stream The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same, and / or the N stream The window function used for spectrum shaping (FDSS or TDSS) corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same. It can be understood that if these N... stream The π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols in the flow-sensing reference signal are all obtained through spectrum shaping (without sequence adjustment), so these N stream The window function used for spectrum shaping (FDSS or TDSS) of the flow-sensing reference signal is the same. If these N stream The π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols in the flow-sensing reference signal are all obtained through sequence adjustment and spectrum shaping. So, what about these N...? stream The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same, and these N stream The same window function is used for the spectrum shaping (FDSS or TDSS) corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal.

[0212] It is understandable that frequency division multiplexing may lead to inconsistencies in the FDSS corresponding to different sensing reference signals. For example, N stream The value equals 2, meaning we consider two sensing reference signals, sensing reference signal 1 and sensing reference signal 2. Assume the bandwidth allocated to the sensing reference signals corresponds to N. sc N subcarriers, of which sensing reference signal 1 occupies N subcarriers in the frequency domain. sc The subcarriers with even indices are among the N subcarriers, while the sensing reference signal 2 occupies these N subcarriers in the frequency domain. sc The subcarriers with odd indices are among the subcarriers. The coefficients of the FDSS window function are ω(k), where k = 0, 1, ..., N. sc -1. Due to frequency division multiplexing, the coefficients of the FDSS window function actually used for sensing reference signal 1 are ω(0), ω(2), ..., ω(N). sc -2). The coefficients of the FDSS window function actually used for the sensing reference signal 2 are ω(1), ω(3), ..., ω(N). sc-1). Therefore, frequency division multiplexing results in different FDSSs actually used for sensing reference signal 1 and sensing reference signal 2.

[0213] To address the issue of different FDSS values ​​corresponding to various sensing reference signals caused by frequency division multiplexing (FDM), this embodiment first performs a cyclic shift on the coefficient sequence of the FDSS window function in the frequency domain. The shift amount can be equal to the subcarrier offset, and then FDSS processing is performed. The subcarrier offset can be equal to the first subcarrier occupied by the sensing reference signal in the frequency domain and N. sc The offset between subcarriers 0 and 0 in the above-mentioned sensing reference signal 1. For example, for the above-mentioned sensing reference signal 2, the corresponding subcarrier offset is equal to 0, while for the above-mentioned sensing reference signal 2, the corresponding subcarrier offset is equal to 1.

[0214] Taking the sensing reference signal 2 as an example, with the subcarrier offset equal to 1, the coefficient sequence ω(0),ω(1),ω(2),…,ω(N) of the FDSS window function is... sc -2),ω(N sc -1) Perform a cyclic shift to obtain the coefficient sequence ω(N) sc -1),ω(0),ω(1),ω(2),…,ω(N sc -2). Then perform FDSS processing, that is, use the coefficients ω(0), ω(2), ... ω(N) of the FDSS window function. sc -2).

[0215] It is understandable that the process described above, which involves cyclically shifting the coefficient sequence of the FDSS window function in the frequency domain before performing FDSS processing, can also be equivalently implemented in the time domain. For ease of understanding, consider the case without sequence adjustment, i.e., the sequence adjustment factor α equals 0, or N... sc It equals M. Furthermore, it is assumed that the interval between two adjacent subcarriers occupied by the sensing reference signal in the frequency domain is L. For example, for sensing reference signal 1 or sensing reference signal 2 mentioned above, L equals 2. The time-domain equivalent implementation process can be as follows: first generate a time-domain sample of length N... sc / L π / 2-BPSK sequence Then perform TDSS.

[0216] Subcarrier mapping can be performed after FDSS or TDSS. This subcarrier mapping is performed according to the subcarrier spacing L (when using TDSS) or the subcarrier offset (when using FDSS).

[0217] This application embodiment transmits multi-stream sensing reference signals that employ frequency division multiplexing and meet the requirements of quasi-co-location type C, so that a sensing receiver (such as a second device) can collaboratively sense the echo signals of these multi-stream sensing reference signals to flatten the spectrum, thereby improving sensing performance, such as distance or position estimation performance.

[0218] In one possible implementation, before step S101, the sensing method shown in FIG6 may further include: a first device acquiring first indication information, which can be used to indicate whether the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence. For example, the first device may determine the first indication information itself, i.e., determine whether the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence. The first device may also send the first indication information to a second device and / or a third device. More exemplaryly, the first device may also obtain the first indication information from other devices (such as the second or third device), and then determine whether the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence based on the first indication information. For example, the second device determines whether the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence; then the second device sends the first indication information to the first device. Optionally, the second device may also send the first indication information to a third device. Alternatively, the first device receives the first indication information and sends it to the third device. For example, the third device determines whether the sensing reference signal uses a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence; then the third device sends a first indication message to the first device. Optionally, the third device may also send the first indication message to the second device. Alternatively, the first device receives the first indication message and sends it to the second device. It is understood that the sensing reference signal in this embodiment uses a π / 2-BPSK sequence. The descriptions of the first, second, and third devices are given above and will not be repeated here.

[0219] For example, methods for determining whether the sensing reference signal uses a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence may include: (1) without using Gray complement pairs, when N symb When N is greater than or equal to a threshold, the sensing reference signal is determined to be a π / 2-BPSK sequence; when N symb(1) When the PAPR of the ZC-OFDM signal exceeds a certain threshold, the ZC sequence is used as the sensing reference signal. (2) When Gray complement is not used and the root of the ZC sequence is known, the π / 2-BPSK sequence is used as the sensing reference signal when the PAPR of the ZC-OFDM signal exceeds a certain threshold; otherwise (i.e., when the PAPR of the ZC-OFDM signal is below a certain threshold), the ZC sequence is used. (3) When Gray complement is used, the signal can be configured according to the sensing speed or the sensing distance. For example: when the sensing speed is greater than or equal to a threshold, the π / 2-BPSK sequence is used as the sensing reference signal; when the sensing speed is less than the threshold, the ZC sequence is used as the sensing reference signal. For another example: when the sensing distance is greater than or equal to a threshold, the π / 2-BPSK sequence is used as the sensing reference signal; when the sensing distance is less than the threshold, the ZC sequence is used as the sensing reference signal.

[0220] The embodiments of this application can flexibly configure the sequence used for the sensing reference signal, thereby adapting to different scenario requirements.

[0221] It is understandable that when the first device and the second device belong to the same entity / device, the transmission of the first instruction information between the first device and the second device can be understood as an interaction within a single device; or, in other words, the first device does not need to send the first instruction information to the second device, nor does the second device need to send the first instruction information to the first device. Similarly, when the first device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the transmission of the first instruction information between the first device and the third device can be understood as an interaction within a single device; or, in other words, the first device does not need to send the first instruction information to the third device, nor does the third device need to send the first instruction information to the first device. Likewise, when the second device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the transmission of the first instruction information between the second device and the third device can be understood as an interaction within a single device; or, in other words, the second device does not need to send the first instruction information to the third device, nor does the third device need to send the first instruction information to the second device. Finally, when the first device, the second device, and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the transmission of the first instruction information between the first device, the second device, and the third device can be understood as an interaction within a single device; or, in other words, the first device, the second device, and the third device do not need to send or receive first instruction information from each other.

[0222] In one possible implementation, before step S101, the sensing method shown in Figure 6 may further include: the first and second devices (respectively) sending capability information to the third device, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, a supported sequence adjustment factor, a window function used for supported spectrum shaping, the maximum channel bandwidth supported for a given subcarrier spacing, or the maximum supported phase continuity time. For example, the window function used for supported spectrum shaping may include one or more of the following: a frequency domain window function used for supported FDSS (such as ω(k) mentioned above), or a time domain window function used for supported TDSS (also called a time domain filter). For example, the maximum supported phase continuity time may be the duration of X symbols / slots / subframes, which is greater than or equal to the transmission of the aforementioned N. symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol. If this N symb The time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are consecutive, and the duration of a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is T. symb Then transmit these N symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is N. symb ×T symb If this N symb If the time-domain positions of the N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are not continuous, then the transmission of these N symb The time required for one π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the interval between the start time of the first π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol and the end time of the last π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, which is greater than N. symb ×T symb .

[0223] For another example, the maximum supported phase continuity time can be Y milliseconds, where Y is greater than or equal to the transmission time N. symb The time required for a single π / 2-BPSK carrier symbol. It's understandable that the sensing receiver (such as the second device) needs to store all symbols before performing cooperative sensing measurements; the more symbols accumulated or the longer the accumulation time, the greater the memory or power consumption requirements. It's also understandable that distance resolution is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the sensing reference signal. A larger bandwidth results in better distance resolution. However, the bandwidth that sensing nodes (i.e., sensing transmitters and receivers) can handle is limited.

[0224] After receiving the capability information, the third device can send configuration information to the first and second devices based on the capability information. This configuration information can indicate one or more of the following: the time-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the frequency-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the sequence adjustment factor α, or the window function used for spectrum shaping. The sequence adjustment factor α can be one of the supported sequence adjustment factors mentioned above. The window function used for spectrum shaping can be one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping mentioned above. It is understood that when the sensing reference signal uses Gray complement pairs, there may be multiple sequence adjustment factors α in the configuration information. Similarly, when the sensing reference signal uses Gray complement pairs, there may also be multiple window functions used for spectrum shaping in the configuration information.

[0225] For example, the time-domain resources of the sensing reference signal may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: the starting symbol position of the sensing reference signal, the duration of the sensing reference signal (e.g., the number of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols included in the sensing reference signal, i.e., N). symb The values ​​of π / 2-BPSK (the π / 2-BPSK sequence corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol) and cyclic prefix length (or cyclic prefix size) are also considered. It can be understood that in sensing based on a two-dimensional FFT algorithm, the maximum unambiguous distance is related to the cyclic prefix length. Depending on the sensing requirements, such as the detection distance, the cyclic prefix length in this embodiment is configurable. For example, the cyclic prefix length configured in this embodiment for long-range sensing scenarios is longer than the cyclic prefix length configured for short-range sensing scenarios.

[0226] For example, the frequency domain resources of the sensing reference signal may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal (which does not exceed the maximum channel bandwidth supported under the given subcarrier spacing in the capability information above), the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern. The frequency domain mapping pattern may be used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal; for example, the frequency domain mapping pattern may indicate the aforementioned subcarrier offset or the aforementioned subcarrier spacing L.

[0227] In one possible implementation, the above configuration information may further include one or more of the following: the number of sensing reference signals N stream The second indication information, the third indication information, or the fourth indication information. The second indication information can be used to indicate information based on N. stream The echo signal of the flow-sensing reference signal is used for cooperative sensing measurement. The third indication information can be used to instruct a Gray complement pair to perform coherent processing on the corresponding two π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. The fourth indication information can be used to instruct the sensing receiver (such as the second device) to perform spectrum shaping.

[0228] This application embodiment aligns the information between the sensing transmitter (such as the first device) and the sensing receiver (such as the second device) through capability reporting, sensing resource configuration, etc., thereby supporting sensing measurement and improving accuracy.

[0229] It is understandable that when the first device and the second device belong to the same entity / device, the entity / device containing the first and second devices can send capability information to the third device. This capability information represents the capability of the entity / device, that is, the capability of the first and second devices. When the first device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the second device can send capability information to the entity / device containing the first and third devices, and the entity / device containing the first and third devices sends configuration information to the second device. When the second device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the first device sends capability information to the entity / device containing the second and third devices, and the entity / device containing the second and third devices sends configuration information to the first device. When the first device, the second device, and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the entity / device containing the first device, the second device, and the third device determines its own capability information and determines the configuration information based on its own capability information.

[0230] The descriptions of the first device, the second device, and the third device are as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0231] In one possible implementation, before step S103, the sensing method shown in Figure 6 may further include: the second device sending a sensing result to the third device. For example, the sensing result may include one or more of the following: motion parameter sensing results of the target object (e.g., estimation results of time delay / distance, Doppler / velocity, angle, etc.), or intermediate sensing results of the target object (e.g., the result after coherent processing, i.e., the third device can estimate the motion parameters of the target object based on the result after coherent processing). It is understood that when the first device and the second device belong to the same entity / device, the entity / device containing the first and second devices can send the sensing result to the third device. When the first device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the second device can send the sensing result to the entity / device containing both the first and third devices. When the second device and the third device belong to the same entity / device, the entity / device containing both the second and third devices can determine the sensing result itself without transmitting it to other devices.

[0232] Since the sensing reference signal in this embodiment carries multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, and the PAPR of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols is low, this embodiment can improve transmission power, making it suitable for low-power sensing and long-range sensing scenarios. Furthermore, the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during transmission, which is beneficial for the sensing receiver (such as the second device) to perform coherent combining processing on the received multiple π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, thereby improving sensing performance, such as improving distance or position estimation performance.

[0233] It is understood that, in order to achieve the functions in the above embodiments, the first and second devices include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and method steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0234] Figures 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of possible communication devices provided in embodiments of this application. These communication devices can be used to implement the functions of the first or second device in the above method embodiments, and thus can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device can be the terminal 120 shown in Figure 4, the base station 110 shown in Figure 4, or a module (such as a chip) applied to the terminal or base station.

[0235] As shown in Figure 13, the communication device 1300 includes a processing module 1310 and a transceiver module 1320. The communication device 1300 is used to implement the functions of the first device or the second device in the method embodiment shown in Figure 6 above.

[0236] When the communication device 1300 is used to implement the function of the first device in the method embodiment shown in FIG6: the processing module 1310 is used to acquire a sensing reference signal; the transceiver module 1320 is used to transmit the sensing reference signal, which maintains phase continuity during transmission. The sensing reference signal includes N symb N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. symb It is an integer greater than 1.

[0237] For example, the transceiver module 1320 maintains phase continuity while transmitting the sensing reference signal.

[0238] For example, the above N symbThe time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are continuous.

[0239] For example, the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol mentioned above is obtained by sequence adjustment and / or spectrum shaping of the π / 2-BPSK sequence; the sequence adjustment is determined based on the sequence adjustment factor α.

[0240] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α mentioned above is related to the length of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number of subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

[0241] For example, the above N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0242] For example, the above N symb In a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

[0243] For example, the above N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. The π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb odd numbers, N symb It is an even number greater than 0.

[0244] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same, and / or the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same.

[0245] For example, the above N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complement pairs, the above (N) symb / 2) Two or more Gray complement pairs are different.

[0246] For example, the processing module 1310 is further configured to acquire first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence.

[0247] For example, the transceiver module 1320 is also configured to transmit capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, supported sequence adjustment factor, window function used for supported spectrum shaping, maximum channel bandwidth supported for a given subcarrier spacing, or maximum supported phase continuity time.

[0248] For example, the transceiver module 1320 is further configured to receive configuration information indicating one or more of the following: time-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, frequency-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, sequence adjustment factor α, or window function used for spectrum shaping. Wherein, the sequence adjustment factor α is one of the supported sequence adjustment factors described above, and the window function used for spectrum shaping is one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping described above.

[0249] For example, the frequency domain resources of the aforementioned sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

[0250] When the communication device 1300 is used to implement the function of the second device in the method embodiment shown in FIG6: the transceiver module 1320 is used to receive the echo signal of the sensing reference signal, the echo signal of which maintains phase continuity during reception. The sensing reference signal includes N symb N π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols. symb It is an integer greater than 1. The echo signal of this sensing reference signal is obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal from the target object. The echo signal of this sensing reference signal is used for sensing measurement.

[0251] For example, the transceiver module 1320 maintains phase continuity while receiving the echo signal of the sensing reference signal.

[0252] For example, the processing module 1310 is used to perform sensing measurements based on the echo signal of the sensing reference signal.

[0253] For example, the above N symb The time-domain positions of the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are continuous.

[0254] For example, the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol mentioned above is obtained by sequence adjustment and / or spectrum shaping of the π / 2-BPSK sequence; the sequence adjustment is determined based on the sequence adjustment factor α.

[0255] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α mentioned above is related to the length of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number of subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

[0256] For example, the above N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

[0257] For example, the above N symb In a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

[0258] For example, the above N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. The π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK. i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb odd numbers, N symb It is an even number greater than 0.

[0259] For example, the sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same, and / or the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same.

[0260] For example, the above N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complement pairs, the above (N) symb / 2) Two or more Gray complement pairs are different.

[0261] For example, the processing module 1310 is further configured to acquire first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence.

[0262] For example, the transceiver module 1320 is specifically used to receive N stream The echo signal of the flow-sensing reference signal, the N stream Flow-sensing reference signal frequency division multiplexing, and the Nstream The flow-sensing reference signal satisfies the requirements of quasi-co-addressable type C, N stream It is an integer greater than 1; the processing module 1310 is specifically used to process N based on this N. stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal.

[0263] For example, the above N stream The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same, and / or the N stream The same window function is used for spectral shaping of the flow-sensing reference signal.

[0264] For example, the transceiver module 1320 is also configured to transmit capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, supported sequence adjustment factor, window function used for supported spectrum shaping, maximum channel bandwidth supported for a given subcarrier spacing, or maximum supported phase continuity time.

[0265] For example, the transceiver module 1320 is further configured to receive configuration information indicating one or more of the following: time-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, frequency-domain resources of the sensed reference signal, sequence adjustment factor α, or window function used for spectrum shaping. Wherein, the sequence adjustment factor α is one of the supported sequence adjustment factors described above, and the window function used for spectrum shaping is one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping described above.

[0266] For example, the frequency domain resources of the aforementioned sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

[0267] For example, the above configuration information may also include one or more of the following: the number of sensing reference signals N stream Or, a second indication information. This second indication information is used to indicate based on N. stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal.

[0268] For a more detailed description of the above-mentioned processing module 1310 and transceiver module 1320, please refer to the relevant description in the method embodiment shown in Figure 6.

[0269] As shown in Figure 14, the communication device 1400 includes a processor 1410 and an interface circuit 1420. The processor 1410 and the interface circuit 1420 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 1420 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, the communication device 1400 may also include a memory 1430 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1410, or storing input data required by the processor 1410 to execute instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 1410 executes instructions. Sometimes, the interface circuit 1420 can also be understood as part of the processor 1410, in which case the communication device 1400 includes the processor 1410.

[0270] When the communication device 1400 is used to implement the method shown in FIG6, the processor 1410 is used to implement the function of the processing module 1310, and the interface circuit 1420 is used to implement the function of the transceiver module 1320.

[0271] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to the first device, the chip implements the functions of the first device in the above method embodiments. The chip receiving information from the second device can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the first device, and then sent to the chip by these modules. The chip sending information to the second device can be understood as the information being first sent to other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the first device, and then sent to the second device by these modules.

[0272] When the aforementioned communication device is a chip applied to the second device, the chip implements the functions of the second device in the above method embodiments. The chip receiving information from the first device can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the second device, and then sent to the chip by these modules. The chip sending information to the first device can be understood as the information being sent to other modules (such as an RF module or antenna) in the second device, and then sent to the first device by these modules.

[0273] The transceiver may provide a communication interface or means for communicating with various other devices via a wireless transmission medium. The transceiver may be coupled to an antenna array, and the transceiver and antenna array may be used together for communication with a corresponding network type. At least one interface (e.g., a network interface and / or a user interface) provides a communication interface or means for communication via an internal bus or via an external transmission medium.

[0274] The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium. When executed by the processor, the software causes the processing system to perform the various functions described below for any particular device. The functions that can be implemented by the processor, memory, and computer-readable medium can include: encoding, decoding, rate matching, rate dematching, scrambling, descrambling, modulation, demodulation, layer mapping, fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), precoding, resource element (RE) mapping, channel equalization, RE demapping, digital beamforming (BF), adding CP, removing CP, and so on.

[0275] This application also provides a sensing system, which includes a first device and a second device, which can be used to execute the methods in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0276] In addition, this application also provides a computer program for implementing the operations and / or processes performed by the first or second device in the method provided in this application.

[0277] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer code that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the operations and / or processes performed by the first or second device in the method provided in this application.

[0278] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer code or a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the operations and / or processes performed by the first or second device in the method provided in this application to be executed.

[0279] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0280] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0281] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0282] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0283] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to existing solutions, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, external hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A sensing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire a sensing reference signal, the sensing reference signal including N symb N π / 2 binary phase shift keying BPSK single-carrier symbols, symb It is an integer greater than 1; The sensing reference signal is transmitted, and the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during the transmission process.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by sequence adjustment and / or spectrum shaping of the π / 2-BPSK sequence; The sequence adjustment is determined based on the sequence adjustment factor α.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sequence adjustment factor α is related to the length of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number of subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The N symb In a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK, and the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK, where i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb odd numbers, N symb It is an even number greater than 0.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same, and / or the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complementary pairs, the (N) symb / 2) Two or more Gray complement pairs are different.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain first indication information, which indicates that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Transmit capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, supported sequence adjustment factor, window function used for supported spectrum shaping, maximum channel bandwidth supported for a given subcarrier spacing, or maximum supported phase continuity time.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the time-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the frequency-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the sequence adjustment factor α, or the window function used for spectrum shaping; Wherein, the sequence adjustment factor α is one of the supported sequence adjustment factors, and the window function used for spectrum shaping is one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

13. A sensing method, characterized in that, The method includes: The echo signal of the received sensing reference signal, the sensing reference signal including N symb N π / 2 binary phase shift keying BPSK single-carrier symbols, symb It is an integer greater than 1; the echo signal of the sensing reference signal is obtained by reflecting the sensing reference signal through the target object; the echo signal of the sensing reference signal maintains phase continuity during the reception process; The echo signal of the sensing reference signal is used for sensing measurement.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by sequence adjustment and / or spectrum shaping of the π / 2-BPSK sequence; The sequence adjustment is determined based on the sequence adjustment factor α.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The sequence adjustment factor is related to the length of the π / 2-BPSK sequence and the number of subcarriers within the transmission bandwidth of the sensing signal.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The N symb The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is the same, and / or the N symb The window function used for spectrum shaping is the same for each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, The N symb In a π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol, the π / 2-BPSK sequences carried by two or more π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols are different.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, The N symb In a set of π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbols, the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the i-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating one Gray sequence from a Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK, and the π / 2-BPSK sequence carried by the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol is obtained by modulating the other Gray sequence from the Gray complement pair with π / 2-BPSK, where i is greater than 0 and less than N. symb odd numbers, N symb It is an even number greater than 0.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same, and / or the window function used for spectrum shaping corresponding to the i-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol and the (i+1)-th π / 2-BPSK single carrier symbol is the same.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The N symb Each π / 2-BPSK single-carrier symbol corresponds to (N) symb / 2) Gray complementary pairs, the (N) symb / 2) Two or more Gray complement pairs are different.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain first indication information, which indicates that the sensing reference signal adopts a π / 2-BPSK sequence or a ZC sequence.

22. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that, The echo signal of the received sensing reference signal includes: Receive N stream The echo signal of the flow-sensing reference signal, the N stream Stream-aware reference signal frequency division multiplexing, and the N stream The flow-sensing reference signal satisfies the requirements of quasi-co-addressable type C, N stream It is an integer greater than 1; The N stream The echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal is used for collaborative sensing measurements.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The N stream The sequence adjustment factor α corresponding to the flow-sensing reference signal is the same, and / or the N stream The same window function is used for spectral shaping of the flow-sensing reference signal.

24. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that, The method further includes: Transmit capability information, which includes one or more of the following: information indicating whether π / 2-BPSK modulation is supported, supported sequence adjustment factor, window function used for supported spectrum shaping, maximum channel bandwidth supported for a given subcarrier spacing, or maximum supported phase continuity time.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive configuration information, which indicates one or more of the following: the time-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the frequency-domain resources of the sensing reference signal, the sequence adjustment factor α, or the window function used for spectrum shaping; Wherein, the sequence adjustment factor α is one of the supported sequence adjustment factors, and the window function used for spectrum shaping is one of the supported window functions used for spectrum shaping.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the sensing reference signal include one or more of the following: the transmission bandwidth of the sensing reference signal, the frequency domain starting position of the sensing reference signal, or a frequency domain mapping pattern; the frequency domain mapping pattern is used to indicate the subcarriers carrying the sensing reference signal.

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that, The configuration information also includes one or more of the following: the number N of the sensing reference signals. stream Or a second instruction message; The second indication information is used to indicate based on the N stream Cooperative sensing measurement is performed using the echo signal of the flow sensing reference signal.

28. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes at least one processor; the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 27.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that, The device further includes a memory that stores the computer program or instructions.

30. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 27.

31. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 27 is implemented.

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