Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and an apparatus, which are used for reducing OTFS-based transmission overheads. The method comprises the following steps: a first apparatus obtaining a first data signal in the delay-Doppler domain and a pilot signal in the delay-Doppler domain; the first apparatus mapping the pilot signal in the delay-Doppler domain and the first data signal in the delay-Doppler domain to the time-frequency domain, so as to obtain a pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and a first data signal in the time-frequency domain; and the first apparatus sending a time domain signal, wherein the time domain signal is obtained on the basis of a first time-frequency signal, the first time-frequency signal comprises the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain, and the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain in the first time-frequency signal is orthogonal to the first data signal in the time-frequency domain in the first time-frequency signal.

Description

A communication method and apparatus

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510113510.8, filed on January 22, 2025, entitled "A Communication Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0004] The multi-carrier modulation technology used in fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, in high-speed mobile scenarios, Doppler spread can disrupt the orthogonality between subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference and limiting OFDM performance. To meet the requirements of reliable communication in high-speed mobile scenarios, orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) has been proposed as a novel two-dimensional modulation waveform. OTFS maps information-carrying symbols to the delay-Doppler (DD) domain instead of the time-frequency (TF) domain used by OFDM.

[0005] Currently, how to reduce the transmission overhead based on OTFS is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and apparatus for reducing the transmission overhead based on OTFS.

[0007] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be implemented by a first device or a first communication device. The first device can be a first equipment or a component of the first equipment. For example, the first equipment can be an access network node or a terminal. The components in this application may include, for example, at least one of a chip, a chip system, a processor, a transceiver, a processing unit, or a transceiver unit. The first device can serve as a data or information transmitter.

[0008] Taking the first device as the executing entity as an example, the process includes the following steps: the first device obtains a first data signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain and a pilot signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain; the first device maps the pilot signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain and the first data signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain to the time-frequency domain to obtain a pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and a first data signal in the time-frequency domain; the first device sends a time-domain signal, which is obtained based on a first time-frequency signal, the first time-frequency signal including the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain in the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal.

[0009] Based on this implementation, the first device can obtain a time-frequency domain pilot signal and a time-frequency domain first data signal from the time-delay Doppler domain first data signal and a time-delay Doppler domain pilot signal, respectively. Then, it obtains a transmission time-domain signal from the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain first data signal. The time-domain signal is obtained from a first time-frequency signal that includes the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain first data signal. Since the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain first data signal in the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal to each other, interference between the pilot signal and the data signal can be reduced. Compared to schemes where the pilot signal and the first data signal are orthogonal only in the time-delay Doppler domain or not in the time-frequency domain, the method shown in the first aspect can reduce communication overhead.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain data signal in the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal, including: the time-frequency domain pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal is orthogonal to the adjacent first data signal in the time-frequency domain.

[0011] Based on this implementation, it is required that the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal is orthogonal to the adjacent data signal, so as to reduce the interference of data symbols on pilot symbols.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal is obtained from a sequence, and the pilot signal occupies M² time-delay Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to a Doppler domain position in the time-delay Doppler domain, where M² is a positive integer greater than 1. That is, the pilot signal is obtained by mapping the sequence to a Doppler domain position in the time-delay Doppler domain, or in other words, the pilot signal is obtained by mapping the sequence to some or all of the time-delay domain indices corresponding to a Doppler domain index in the time-delay Doppler domain.

[0013] Based on this implementation, the pilot signal can be a pilot sequence obtained from a sequence. The pilot sequences for different antenna ports can be located on the same resource, and the ports can be distinguished based on the cross-correlation of the sequences, further reducing overhead.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the first device may send or receive indication information of the sequence.

[0015] Based on this implementation, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of sequences through signaling, thus allowing for flexible determination or allocation of sequences to support channel estimation based on sequences.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal occupies p time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position, where p is the number of transmitting ports.

[0017] Based on this implementation, the pilot signal can be obtained from a single-point pilot. In this implementation, the number of resource units occupied by the pilot signal is related to the number of ports.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the first device may also obtain the first time-frequency signal based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the time-frequency domain pilot signal, and the time-frequency domain first data signal. Alternatively, the first time-frequency signal is related to the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the time-frequency domain pilot signal, and the time-frequency domain first data signal.

[0019] Based on this implementation, the first device can flexibly determine the positions of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal. Specifically, the first device can determine the time-domain positions of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the time-frequency domain pilot signal occupies time-domain resources with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0; and / or, the time-frequency domain data signal occupies time-domain resources other than ΔN*(n-1)+n0; wherein ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔN is a positive integer, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the time-frequency domain pilot signal, and n0 is a non-negative integer.

[0021] Based on this implementation, the first device can efficiently determine the time domain position of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal according to the time domain pilot symbol interval and the index of the first time domain position occupied by the pilot signal.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the first device may also send or receive indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval.

[0023] Based on this implementation, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the time-domain pilot symbol interval through signaling. Therefore, the position of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal can be flexibly determined according to the time-domain pilot symbol interval.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal further includes a second data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the time-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is the same as the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the frequency-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is different from that of the pilot signal.

[0025] Based on this implementation, the time domain location of the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal can also carry the second data signal, thereby further reducing overhead.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal and the second data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal.

[0027] This implementation method is used to avoid data symbols interfering with pilot symbols.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal further includes a guard symbol whose time-domain position is the same as that of the second data signal and the pilot signal, and the guard symbol occupies a frequency domain position other than that of the second data signal and the pilot signal.

[0029] Based on this implementation, the time domain location of the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal can also carry a protection symbol to further reduce inter-carrier interference.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the frequency domain position of the protection symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: frequency domain pilot spacing; frequency domain guard spacing; number of protection symbols.

[0031] Based on this implementation method, the frequency domain position of the protection symbol can be flexibly determined.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the first device may also send or receive indication information of the number of protection symbols.

[0033] Based on this implementation, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the number of protection symbols through signaling, so the frequency domain position of the protection symbols in the first time-frequency signal can be flexibly determined according to the number of protection symbols.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the protection symbol occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0'; the pilot signal occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0; wherein ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔM' represents the frequency-domain protection interval, ΔM represents the frequency-domain pilot interval, and ΔN and ΔM... ΔM' and ΔM' are both positive integers, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, where N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, m3 = 1, 2, ..., M3, where M3 is a positive integer, m = 1, 2, ..., M2, where M2 is a positive integer, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the data signal in the time-frequency domain, m0' is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the protection symbol, m0 is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the pilot signal, and n0, m0 and m0' are all non-negative integers.

[0035] Based on this implementation, the first device can flexibly and efficiently determine the time domain position of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal.

[0036] Secondly, a communication method is provided. This method can be implemented by a second device or a second communication device. The second device can be a second equipment or a component of a second equipment. The second equipment can be a data receiving end. For example, the second equipment can be an access network node or a terminal. The components in this application may include, for example, at least one of a chip, a chip system, a processor, a transceiver, a processing unit, or a transceiver unit. Taking the second device as the executing entity as an example, the method includes the following steps:

[0037] The second device acquires a time-domain signal; the second device obtains a first time-frequency signal based on the time-domain signal, the first time-frequency signal including a pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and a first data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain are orthogonal; the second device maps the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain to a time-delay Doppler domain to obtain a pilot signal in the time-delay Doppler domain and a first data signal in the time-delay Doppler domain.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal and the data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal, including:

[0039] The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal is orthogonal to the first data signal in the adjacent time-frequency domain.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal is obtained from a sequence, and the pilot signal occupies M time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position in the time-delayed Doppler domain, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the second device may also send or receive indication information of the sequence.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal occupies p time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position, where p is the number of transmitting ports.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the second device may also obtain the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain first data signal from the first time-frequency signal according to the time-domain pilot symbol interval.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the time-frequency domain pilot signal occupies time-domain resources with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0; the time-frequency domain data signal occupies time-domain resources other than those with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0; where ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔN is a positive integer, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the time-frequency domain pilot signal, and n0 is a non-negative integer.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the second device may also send or receive indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal further includes a second data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the time-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is the same as the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the frequency-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is different from that of the pilot signal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal and the second data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal further includes a guard symbol whose time-domain position is the same as that of the second data signal and the pilot signal, and the guard symbol occupies a frequency domain position other than that of the second data signal and the pilot signal.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the frequency domain position of the protection symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: frequency domain pilot spacing; frequency domain guard spacing; number of protection symbols.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the second device may also send or receive indication information of the number of protection symbols.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the protection symbol occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0';

[0052] The pilot signal occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0;

[0053] Wherein, ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔM' represents the frequency-domain guard interval, ΔM represents the frequency-domain pilot interval, ΔN, ΔM and ΔM' are all positive integers, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, where N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, m3 = 1, 2, ..., M3, where M3 is a positive integer, m = 1, 2, ..., M2, where M2 is a positive integer, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the time-frequency domain data signal, m0' is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the guard symbol, m0 is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the pilot signal, and n0, m0 and m0' are all non-negative integers.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various possible implementations can be found in the description of the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its corresponding implementations.

[0055] Thirdly, a communication device is provided. The device can implement the method described in any possible implementation of any of the first or second aspects described above. The device possesses the functions of the first or second device described above. The device is, for example, a terminal or an access network node, or a functional module in a terminal, or a functional module in an access network node, etc.

[0056] In one optional implementation, the device may include modules corresponding one-to-one with the methods / operations / steps / actions performed in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects. These modules may be hardware circuits, software, or a combination of hardware circuits and software. In another optional implementation, the device includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a communication unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module, communication module, etc.). The transceiver unit is capable of both sending and receiving functions. When the transceiver unit performs the sending function, it may be called a sending unit (sometimes also called a sending module); when the transceiver unit performs the receiving function, it may be called a receiving unit (sometimes also called a receiving module). The sending unit and the receiving unit may be the same functional module, which is called the transceiver unit and can perform both sending and receiving functions; or, the sending unit and the receiving unit may be different functional modules, with the transceiver unit being a collective term for these functional modules.

[0057] For example, when the apparatus is used to perform the method described in any one of the first to second aspects, the apparatus may include a communication unit and a processing unit.

[0058] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a communication device, including a processor for executing a computer program (or computer-executable instructions) stored in a memory, such that when the computer program (or computer-executable instructions) is executed, the device performs the method as described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the processor and memory are integrated together;

[0060] In another possible implementation, the memory is located outside the communication device.

[0061] The communication device also includes a communication interface for communicating with other devices, such as sending or receiving data and / or signals. Exemplarily, the communication interface may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface.

[0062] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed, enable the implementation of the method described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects, and the method shown in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0063] A sixth aspect provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, enables the method described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects to be implemented.

[0064] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a communication device for performing the method described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects described above.

[0065] Eighthly, a chip or chip system is provided, the chip system including logic circuitry (or understood as including a processor, the processor including logic circuitry, etc.), and further including input / output interfaces. The input / output interfaces can be used to input messages or to output messages. The input / output interfaces can be the same interface, i.e., the same interface can implement both sending and receiving functions; or, the input / output interface includes an input interface and an output interface, the input interface being used to implement the receiving function, i.e., for receiving messages; and the output interface being used to implement the sending function, i.e., for sending messages. The logic circuitry can be used to perform operations other than the sending and receiving functions in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects described above; the logic circuitry can also be used to transmit messages to the input / output interfaces or receive messages from other communication devices from the input / output interfaces. The chip system can be used to implement the methods described in any possible implementation of any of the first to second aspects described above. The chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0066] Optionally, the chip system may also include a memory, which can be used to store instructions, and the logic circuits can call the instructions stored in the memory to implement the corresponding functions.

[0067] Ninth aspect, a communication method is provided, which may include the method implemented by a first communication device as shown in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the method implemented by a second communication device as shown in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0068] A tenth aspect provides a communication system that may include a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device may be used to implement the method shown in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the second communication device may be used to implement the method shown in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0069] The technical effects brought about by the third to tenth aspects above can be found in the descriptions of the beneficial effects of the corresponding solutions in the first and second aspects above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Figure 1(a) is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 1(b) is a schematic diagram of an access network node provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the conversion between DD and TF fields;

[0073] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication process based on OTFS provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figures 4 and 10 are schematic flowcharts of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figures 5, 8, and 9 are schematic diagrams of the TF domain for obtaining a first time-frequency signal according to an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figures 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams illustrating a method for obtaining TF domain pilot signals according to an embodiment of this application;

[0077] Figures 11, 16 and 20 are schematic diagrams of a first time-frequency signal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figures 12, 17, and 21 are schematic diagrams illustrating the PAPR performance of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Figures 13, 18, and 22 are schematic diagrams illustrating the transmission overhead of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] Figures 14, 19, and 23 are schematic diagrams illustrating the transmission accuracy of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0081] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining DD domain pilot and data signals;

[0082] Figures 24 and 25 are schematic diagrams of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various wireless communication systems, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), short-range wireless communication systems (such as sidelink, wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), wired networks, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems), LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication systems, 5G mobile communication systems (such as New Radio (NR) systems), Future Communications systems, or other similar communication systems, or hybrid networks of two or more of the above, etc., without limitation. This application describes the communication system shown in Figure 1(a) as an example. When applying the technical solution of this application embodiment to other communication systems, the devices, components, modules, etc. in the embodiment can be replaced with corresponding devices, components, modules in other communication systems without limitation.

[0084] Figure 1(a) is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system applied in the embodiments of this application. The communication system 1000 shown in Figure 1(a) includes a wireless access network 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the communication system 1000 also includes an Internet 300. The wireless access network 100 may include at least one access network node (110a and 110b in Figure 1(a)) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1(a)). The terminal is connected to the access network node wirelessly, and the access network node is connected to the core network wirelessly or via a wired connection. The core network equipment and the access network node may be independent and different physical devices, or the functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the access network node may be integrated on the same physical device, or a single physical device may integrate some of the functions of the core network equipment and some of the functions of the access network node. Terminals and access network nodes may be interconnected via wired or wireless connections. Figure 1(a) is just a schematic diagram. The communication system may also include other network devices, such as wireless relay devices and wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in Figure 1(a).

[0085] An access network node is an access device or node that enables a terminal to access a communication system via wired or wireless means. An access network node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a Wi-Fi system; it can also be a module or unit that performs some of the functions of a base station, such as a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). An access network node can be a macro base station (110a in Figure 1(a)), a micro base station or an indoor station (110b in Figure 1(a)), a relay node, or a donor node, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or equipment form used in the access network node.

[0086] A terminal may include a terminal device, which is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities that can send signals to or receive signals from access network nodes. Terminal devices include, but are not limited to, terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), mobile stations, and mobile terminals. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as D2D, V2X communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, and smart cities. Specifically, terminal devices may include mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, aircraft, ships, robots, robotic arms, and smart home devices. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the terminal.

[0087] Access network nodes and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the access network nodes and terminals.

[0088] The roles of access network nodes and terminals can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 1(a) can be configured as a mobile access network node. For terminals 120j that access the wireless access network 100 through 120i, terminal 120i is an access network node; however, for access network node 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via an interface protocol between access network nodes. In this case, relative to 110a, 120i is also an access network node. Therefore, access network nodes and terminals can both be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 1(a) can be called communication devices with access network node functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 1(a) can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

[0089] Communication between access network nodes and terminals, between access network nodes, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0090] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the access network node can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the access network node, or by a control subsystem that includes access network node functions. This control subsystem, including access network node functions, can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

[0091] Figure 1(b) illustrates a schematic diagram of an access network node. As shown in Figure 1(b), an access network node includes at least one of the following: one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and one or more RUs. For clarity, only one CU, DU, and RU are shown in Figure 1(b). The CU is used to connect to the core network and one or more DUs. Optionally, the CU may have some of the core network's functions. The CU may include a CU-control plane (CP) and a CU-user plane (UP).

[0092] The CU and DU can be configured according to the protocol layer functions of the wireless network they implement: for example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer and above (such as the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer and / or the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer); the DU can be configured to implement the functions of the protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Medium / Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and / or the Physical (PHY) layer). Alternatively, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the protocol layers above the PDCP layer (such as the RRC and / or SDAP layers), and the DU can be configured to implement the functions of the protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as the RLC, MAC, and / or PHY layers).

[0093] The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of the CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, the CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements, such as by latency. Functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0094] DU and RU can cooperate to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0095] The CU and DU can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). In different systems, CU, DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can be called O-DU, and RU can be called O-RU. Any of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU units in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0096] To facilitate understanding of the content of this application, the nouns or terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained below.

[0097] (1) OTFS-based communication

[0098] In OTFS-based communication, the symbols carrying information are mapped onto the DD domain for transmission. As shown in Figure 2, the conversion between the DD and TF domains can be achieved using either the inverse symplectic finite Fourier transform (SFFT) or the inverse symplectic finite Fourier transform (ISFFT). Specifically, a DD domain signal can be converted to a TF domain signal using ISFFT, and a TF domain signal can be converted to a DD domain signal using SFFT.

[0099] In a DD domain, the symbol location of the DD domain can be indicated by a delay domain index and a Doppler domain index. A symbol location in a DD domain can represent a DD domain resource. Specifically, any delay domain index can indicate a delay domain location, and any Doppler domain index can indicate a Doppler domain location. Doppler domain locations and Doppler domain indices are interchangeable, as are delay domain locations and delay domain indices. In this application, it can be assumed that there is a correspondence between the delay domain index and / or the Doppler domain index and the DD domain symbol location, meaning that the delay domain index and / or the Doppler domain index can be used to indicate the symbol location of the DD domain.

[0100] Taking Figure 2 as an example, a Doppler domain index k = 0, 1...N-1 of the DD domain can indicate a Doppler domain position in the DD domain. A Doppler domain position can be a column in the DD domain resource matrix shown in Figure 2; a delay domain index l = 0, 1...N-1 of the DD domain can indicate a delay domain position in the DD domain. A Doppler domain position can be a row in the DD domain resource matrix shown in Figure 2.

[0101] In Figure 2, the size of the DD domain symbol (or DD domain resource unit) is denoted as Δν*Δτ. Here, Δτ represents the size of the time-delay domain symbol (or time-delay domain resource unit), in seconds (s). Δν represents the size of the Doppler domain symbol (or Doppler domain resource unit), in Hertz (Hz). Additionally, the size of the TF domain symbol (or TF domain resource unit) is denoted as T*Δf. Here, T represents the size of the time-domain symbol (or time-domain resource unit), and Δf represents the size of the frequency-domain symbol (or frequency-domain resource unit), in kilohertz (kHz) or Hz.

[0102] The communication transmission and reception process based on OTFS is shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the OTFS-based communication architecture is compatible with the OFDM-based communication architecture. Specifically, ISFFT and SFFT modules can be added to the transmitting and receiving ends respectively to achieve the conversion from an OFDM-based communication architecture to an OTFS-based communication architecture. Compared to the TF domain, the DD domain channel has sparse and slowly varying characteristics, thus improving communication reliability in scenarios such as high-speed mobility.

[0103] (2) Pilot

[0104] A pilot signal can also be called a reference signal or pilot signal. That is, in this application, a pilot signal can also be replaced with or interpreted as a reference signal. The pilot signal can be provided by the transmitter to the receiver for channel estimation or channel sounding, etc. In this application, the pilot signal can be used to support channel estimation and signal demodulation. For example, the pilot signal can be a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or other types of reference signals, without specific limitation.

[0105] In this application, the symbol occupied by the pilot signal can be called a pilot symbol. For example, a pilot symbol can be a DD field symbol or a TF field symbol occupied by the pilot signal.

[0106] Currently, in OTFS-based communication, the inter-symbol interference of the received signal increases because the input-output relationship in the DD domain is a two-dimensional circular convolution. To reduce the interference of the reference signal on the data signal, some transmission overhead must be sacrificed. For example, when using high-power single-point pilots to generate pilot signals, to prevent the pilot signal from interfering with nearby data symbols, all Doppler domain resources around the pilot symbols in the DD domain need to be left empty. These empty resources cannot be used to carry data, leading to increased communication overhead. A single-point pilot is a pilot signal that occupies one symbol in the DD and / or TF domains, i.e., a pilot signal with a length of 1; or, in other words, a single-point pilot is a pilot signal that occupies no more than one consecutive symbol in the DD and / or TF domains. A single-point pilot can also be called a single-point pilot signal.

[0107] To reduce the transmission overhead of OTFS-based communication, this application provides a communication method. Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a first device. Unless otherwise specified, "first device" in this application can refer to a first equipment (e.g., a terminal or access network node), a component (e.g., a communication module, processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first equipment. A component can also be replaced by a device or function. The component can be located within the first device.

[0108] In this application, the first device can be used as a transmitting device, and the second device can be used as a receiving device. For example, the first device can send data to the second device.

[0109] As shown in Figure 4, the method may include the following steps:

[0110] S101: The first device obtains the first data signal in the DD domain and the pilot signal in the DD domain.

[0111] The first data signal in the DD domain can be obtained by mapping the data symbol to be transmitted to the DD domain.

[0112] Pilot signals in the DD domain can be obtained by mapping pilots to the DD domain. In this application, pilot signals may include pilot sequences or single-point pilots.

[0113] Here, the pilot sequence can refer to a pilot signal with a length greater than 1. The pilot sequence can be obtained from a pilot signal with a length greater than 1.

[0114] A single-point pilot can refer to a pilot signal that occupies one symbol in the DD domain and / or TF domain, that is, a pilot signal with a length of 1.

[0115] As an example, a single-point pilot can specifically be a single-point high-power pilot. Specifically, the signal-to-noise ratio of the single-point high-power pilot is higher than 30 dB, or in other words, the power of the single-point high-power pilot is greater than the power of the data signal, and the difference between the power of the single-point high-power pilot and the power of the data signal is greater than 20 dB.

[0116] S102: The first device maps the pilot signal in the DD domain and the first data signal in the DD domain to the TF domain to obtain the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain.

[0117] In S102, the mapping of the pilot signal in the DD domain to the TF domain and the mapping of the first data signal in the DD domain to the TF domain can be achieved through SFFT transformation.

[0118] S103: The first device sends a time-domain signal.

[0119] The time-domain signal is obtained based on a first time-frequency signal, which includes a pilot signal in the TF domain and a first data signal in the TF domain. The pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal.

[0120] Specifically, the first device can convert the first time-frequency signal to the time domain, obtain a time-domain signal, and send it. For example, the first device can convert the first time-frequency signal to a time-domain signal using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0121] Correspondingly, the second device receives the time-domain signal. Subsequently, the second device can obtain the first time-frequency signal in the TF domain based on the time-domain signal, perform channel estimation based on the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal, and detect and acquire the first data signal based on the channel estimation result.

[0122] Based on the method shown in Figure 4, the first device can map the first data signal and pilot signal in the DD domain to the time-frequency domain respectively, obtaining the first data signal and pilot signal in the TF domain. Further, a first time-frequency signal composed at least of the pilot signal and the first data signal can be obtained. The pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal is orthogonal to the first data signal. Therefore, the interference of the pilot signal on the data signal can be reduced by making the pilot signal and the data signal orthogonal. Compared to only having orthogonal data and pilot signals in the DD domain, the method of superimposing (i.e., non-orthogonal) the data and pilot signals in the time-frequency domain can reduce transmission overhead.

[0123] In one possible implementation, the orthogonality of the pilot signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal and the first data signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal can be interpreted as or replaced by: the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal and the first data signal occupy different time-frequency resources, or in other words: the time domain resources occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal are different from those occupied by the first data signal, and / or, the frequency domain resources occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal are different from those occupied by the first data signal.

[0124] Specifically, the pilot signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal is at least orthogonal to the first data signal in the TF domain adjacent to the pilot signal.

[0125] In this application, "adjacent" can refer to adjacent TF domain resource blocks. Specifically, adjacent can mean adjacent time-domain indexes and / or adjacent frequency-domain indexes. When the time-frequency resources occupied by the pilot signal and the time-frequency resources occupied by the first data signal have adjacent time-domain indices and / or adjacent frequency-domain indices, it can be said that the pilot signal and the first data signal are adjacent.

[0126] For example, Figures 5, 8, and 9 are examples of the first time-frequency signal. In these examples, the pilot signal and the first data signal occupy different time-domain resources, meaning they do not overlap in the time domain. Here, "★" indicates the position occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal, and "▲" indicates the position occupied by the first data signal. Because the pilot signal and the first data signal occupy different time-frequency resources in the first time-frequency signal, they are orthogonal to each other.

[0127] In Figure 5, I P I represents the time-domain index of the pilot signal. D This represents the time-domain index of the first data signal. N represents the number of time-domain symbols of the first time-frequency signal, and M represents the number of frequency-domain symbols or subcarriers of the first time-frequency signal.

[0128] As one possible implementation, M can be the number of subcarriers. Therefore, the indication information of M can specifically be the indication information of the number of subcarriers.

[0129] The following sections will introduce the methods for obtaining pilot signals in the DD domain when the pilot signals are pilot sequences and single-point pilot signals, respectively.

[0130] (1) The pilot signal is a pilot sequence

[0131] When the pilot signal is a pilot sequence, it occupies M² DD domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position in the DD domain, where M² is a positive integer greater than 1. M² is also the length of the pilot signal. The DD domain symbol position corresponding to the Doppler domain position refers to the DD domain symbol position whose Doppler index is the index of that Doppler position. The DD domain symbol position can be indicated by both the Doppler domain index and the time delay domain index. Alternatively, the pilot signal in the DD domain occupies M² DD domain symbol positions, where the Doppler domain index is the same and the time delay domain indexes are all different. Furthermore, the symbol positions occupied by the pilot signal in the DD domain can be indicated by one Doppler domain index and M² time delay domain indices.

[0132] In this application, M2 represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the pilot signal, that is, the number of frequency domain pilot symbols, M2≤M, where M represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the first time-frequency signal. Furthermore, the M2 time-delay domain positions correspond to the M2 frequency domain positions in the TF domain, meaning the pilot signal can occupy M2 frequency domain positions in the TF domain.

[0133] Taking a Doppler domain index ranging from 0 to N-1 and a time delay domain index ranging from 0 to M-1 as an example, the DD domain symbol position can be represented as an N*M DD domain symbol matrix. The pilot signal in the DD domain can occupy M² DD domain symbol positions out of the N*M DD domain symbol positions, and these M² DD domain symbol positions are located in one column of the DD domain symbol matrix. Specifically, when M² < M, the pilot signal in the DD domain occupies a portion of the time delay domain positions in one column of the DD domain symbol matrix. When M² = M, the pilot signal in the DD domain can occupy all M time delay domain positions in one column of the DD domain symbol matrix.

[0134] Optionally, the M2 time delay domain positions can be continuous or discontinuous. When using pilot sequences to obtain pilot signals in the DD domain, the pilot signals occupy at most all time delay domain positions within one Doppler domain position.

[0135] The value of M2 can be determined by the access network node or the terminal. For example, the value of M2 can be defined by the protocol or configured by the access network node or the terminal.

[0136] Optionally, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the value of M2 via signaling. For example, the first device can send indication information of M2 to the second device. Specifically, the indication information of M2 can be the number or index of M2 among one or more alternative values, or it can be other information corresponding to M2, or it can be M2 itself, or it can be other values ​​that can be calculated to obtain M2. Alternatively, the second device can send the indication information of M2 to the first device.

[0137] Optionally, the sequence in this application may be a sequence with good cross-correlation and / or autocorrelation properties. For example, the sequence may be a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence or a Gold sequence, etc.

[0138] Optionally, the first and second devices can mutually indicate or notify each other of the sequence via signaling. For example, the first device can send sequence indication information to the second device. This indication information can specifically indicate the length and / or value of the sequence. The sequence indication information can specifically be the sequence's number or index in one or more preset sequences, or it can be other information corresponding to the sequence, or it can be the sequence itself, or it can be another sequence obtained by performing operations such as pilot spreading or truncation. Alternatively, the second device can send the sequence indication information to the first device.

[0139] As one possible implementation, the length of the sequence can be denoted as M', where 1 < M' ≤ M2. If the sequence is a ZC sequence, then the length of the sequence is a prime number less than M2.

[0140] Alternatively, M2 can be considered as the length of the sequence. In this case, the value of M2 can also be indirectly indicated by indicating the sequence.

[0141] Furthermore, if the sequence length is greater than M2, the sequence can be truncated to a length of M2, and the pilot signal in the DD domain can be obtained from the truncated sequence. If the sequence length is less than M2, the sequence can be extended to a length of M2, and the pilot signal in the DD domain can be obtained from the extended sequence.

[0142] As an example of obtaining pilot signals in the DD domain from a sequence, the first device can map the sequence to a Doppler domain position and M2 time delay domain positions in the DD domain to obtain a pilot sequence.

[0143] As an example, the first device can map a sequence to a DD-domain matrix based on the sequence, the number of time-domain pilot symbols, and M2. Here, the number of time-domain pilot symbols is the number of time-domain symbols occupied by the pilot signal.

[0144] As shown in Figure 6, taking N2 as an example of time-domain pilot symbol number, the first device can map the sequence to a column of an N2×M2 zero matrix to form a DD-domain pilot symbol matrix X. P The pilot symbol matrix X in the DD domain P It can be viewed as pilot signals in the DD domain, or in other words, the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X. P It can carry pilot signals in the DD domain.

[0145] The N2×M2 zero matrix can be considered as a DD domain matrix. Figure 6 shows an example of a sequence mapped to the middle column of the zero matrix, but this is not a limitation in actual schemes. In Figure 6, "☆" represents the pilot signal in the DD domain, and "○" represents a position with a value of zero.

[0146] Additionally, as shown in Figure 6, in the pilot symbol matrix X in the DD domain... P After performing ISFFT, the pilot symbol matrix S in the TF domain can be obtained. P The S P This can be seen as an example of a pilot signal in the TF domain of S102. Here, "★" represents a pilot signal in the TF domain.

[0147] Optionally, N2 can satisfy: N2 ≥ 2k max +1,k max k is a positive integer. max This represents the maximum Doppler index of the channel, which is the result of discretizing the continuous Doppler frequency shift of the channel according to the Doppler resolution.

[0148] Understandably, compared to using a single-point high-power pilot, using pilot sequences can reduce the system PAPR. Furthermore, with pilot sequences, the pilot sequences at different antenna ports are located at the same position in the frequency domain, and the system overhead can be reduced by distinguishing them based on their cross-correlation.

[0149] (2) The pilot signal is a single-point pilot.

[0150] When the pilot signal is a single-point pilot, the pilot signal in the DD domain can occupy one Doppler domain position and p time delay domain positions in the DD domain, where p is a positive integer. Alternatively, the pilot signal in the DD domain occupies p DD domain symbol positions, where the Doppler domain indices of these p DD domain symbol positions are the same, but the time delay domain indices are all different. Here, p can represent the number of transmitting ports. Specifically, this single-point pilot can be a single-point high-power pilot. That is, the pilot signal can be obtained based on the single-point pilot signal and the number of ports.

[0151] Among these, any two time delay domain positions are not consecutive, meaning there is at least a l-fold gap between any two time delay domain positions. max The blank space at each time delay domain position, l max It is a positive integer. max This represents the index of the maximum time delay of the channel, which is the result of discretizing the continuous time delay of the channel.

[0152] As an example of obtaining pilot signals in the DD domain from a single-point pilot, the first device can map the single-point pilot to p time-delay domain positions corresponding to a Doppler domain position in the DD domain.

[0153] As an example, the first device can map a single-point pilot to a DD-domain matrix based on the single-point pilot, the number of frequency-domain pilot symbols M2, and the number of ports p. Here, M2 is less than the number of subcarriers M.

[0154] As shown in Figure 7, taking N2 as an example of time-domain pilot symbol number, the first device can map a single-point pilot to p positions in one column of an N2×M2 zero matrix to form a DD-domain pilot symbol matrix X. P The pilot symbol matrix X in the DD domain P It can be viewed as pilot signals in the DD domain, or in other words, the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X. P It can carry pilot signals in the DD domain. Figure 7 shows an example with 1 port.

[0155] The N2×M2 zero matrix can be considered as a DD domain matrix. Figure 7 uses the position (1,0) in the middle column of the DD domain matrix as an example of a single-point pilot signal mapped to the matrix; however, this is not a limitation in actual implementations. In Figure 7, "☆" represents the pilot signal in the DD domain, and "○" represents a position with a value of zero.

[0156] The value of M2 can be determined by the access network node or the terminal. For example, the value of M2 can be defined by the protocol or configured by the access network node or the terminal.

[0157] Optionally, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the value of M2 via signaling. For example, the first device can send indication information of M2 to the second device. Specifically, the indication information of M2 can be the number or index of M2 among one or more alternative values, or it can be other information corresponding to M2, or it can be M2 itself, or it can be other values ​​that can be calculated to obtain M2. Alternatively, the second device can send the indication information of M2 to the first device.

[0158] Additionally, as shown in Figure 7, in the pilot symbol matrix X in the DD domain... P After performing ISFFT, the pilot symbol matrix S in the TF domain can be obtained. P The S P This can be seen as an example of a pilot signal in the TF domain of S102. Here, "★" represents a pilot signal in the TF domain.

[0159] Optionally, N2 can satisfy: N2 ≥ 2k max +1,k max It is a positive integer.

[0160] Optionally, M2 can satisfy: M2≥p*(l) max +1)

[0161] In one possible implementation, the first device may further obtain a first time-frequency signal after S102, based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the pilot signal in the TF domain, and the first data signal in the TF domain. Alternatively, the first time-frequency signal in this application may be obtained based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain, and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain, or the first time-frequency signal may be related to the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the pilot signal in the TF domain, and the first data signal in the TF domain.

[0162] The time-domain position of the pilot signal and / or the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal is related to the time-domain pilot symbol interval. For example, the first device can determine the time-domain position of the first time-frequency signal based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, and use other time-domain positions as the time-domain positions of the first data signal.

[0163] Specifically, the first device can determine the time-domain position of the pilot signal in the first time-domain signal based on the number of OTFS symbols N and the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. For example, assuming that the pilot signal occupies part of the symbols in N symbols at equal intervals, the first device can determine the time-domain positions occupied by other pilot signals according to the interval ΔN, starting from the first time-domain position occupied by the pilot symbol.

[0164] As shown in Figure 5, the time domain position occupied by the pilot signal can be denoted as I. P .For example, These represent the time-domain indices occupied by the pilot signals. It can be an arithmetic sequence with a difference of ΔN. N2 is the number of pilot symbols in the time domain. In Figure 5, N2 can be considered to be 3.

[0165] Furthermore, the time domain position occupied by the first data signal can be denoted as I. D .For example,

[0166] Alternatively, it can be said that the pilot signal in the TF domain occupies a time-domain position with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0, that is, the time-domain index of the pilot signal is ΔN*(n-1)+n0. Where n = 1, 2, ..., N², and n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the TF domain, and n0 is a non-negative integer. Taking Figure 5 as an example... The first time-domain position occupied by the pilot signal can be the time-domain position with the smallest time-domain index among the multiple time-domain positions occupied by the pilot signal.

[0167] In addition, the first data signal in the TF domain can occupy time-domain positions in the first time-frequency signal other than the pilot signal. For example, it can occupy time-domain positions in the first time-frequency signal other than the time-domain position with index ΔN*(n-1)+n0.

[0168] The value of the time-domain pilot symbol interval can be determined by the access network node or the terminal. For example, the value of the time-domain pilot symbol interval can be defined by the protocol or configured by the access network node or the terminal.

[0169] Optionally, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the time-domain pilot symbol interval via signaling. For example, the first device can send indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval to the second device. Specifically, the indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval can be the number or index of the time-domain pilot symbol interval in one or more preset time-domain pilot symbol intervals, or it can be other information corresponding to the time-domain pilot symbol interval, or it can be the time-domain pilot symbol interval itself, or it can be a value that can be obtained by performing calculations to obtain the time-domain pilot symbol interval. Again, for example, the second device can send the indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval to the first device.

[0170] Furthermore, the time-domain pilot symbol spacing can also be determined based on the number of time-domain pilot symbols N2. For example, assuming the pilot signals are evenly distributed, the first device can determine the maximum spacing between pilot symbols based on the number of OTFS symbols N and the number of time-domain pilot symbols N2, where the spacing is the time-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔN. The first and second devices can mutually indicate or notify each other of the value of N2 via signaling, which is used to determine the time-domain pilot symbol spacing based on N2.

[0171] It is understood that Figure 5 illustrates the example of a pilot signal occupying all time-frequency positions corresponding to multiple time-domain positions of the first time-frequency signal. In one possible embodiment, to further reduce overhead, the pilot signal may occupy a portion of the time-frequency positions corresponding to one or more time-domain positions in the time-frequency resources of the first time-frequency signal, instead of occupying all time-frequency positions. Specifically, the pilot signal may occupy a portion of the all time-frequency positions corresponding to one or more time-domain positions at equal or unequal intervals.

[0172] As an example, if the pilot signals are arranged at equal intervals in the frequency domain, the frequency domain index of the time-frequency position of the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal can be related to the frequency domain pilot symbol spacing ΔM. Specifically, the first device can determine the frequency domain position of the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal based on the frequency domain pilot symbol spacing ΔM. For example, the frequency domain position occupied by the pilot signal can be denoted as... in, These represent the frequency domain indices occupied by the pilot signals. It can be an arithmetic sequence with a difference of ΔM. M2 is the number of pilot symbols in the frequency domain.

[0173] For example, if the number of frequency domain symbols in the first time-frequency signal is M, and assuming the pilot signal occupies M² frequency domain indices (or subcarriers or frequency domain indices) at equal intervals ΔM, the first device can determine the other frequency domain indices occupied by the pilot signal, starting from the first frequency domain index occupied by the pilot symbol, at intervals ΔM, where M² < M. The first frequency domain index can be the smallest among the multiple frequency domain positions occupied by the pilot signal.

[0174] As an example, a pilot signal can occupy a time-frequency position with a frequency domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0, where ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔM represents the frequency-domain pilot interval, and m0 represents the index of the first frequency domain position occupied by the pilot signal, m = 1, 2, ..., M2. That is, the pilot signal can occupy both a time-domain position with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain position with an index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0. In other words, the pilot signal can occupy time-frequency resources with both a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0.

[0175] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal may further include a second data signal in the TF domain. The second data signal in the TF domain has the same time-domain position as the pilot signal, but a different frequency-domain position. This means that unused frequency domain positions from the pilot signal can be used to carry data, thereby further reducing transmission overhead.

[0176] It can be assumed that the pilot signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal and the second data signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal, thus avoiding interference between the pilot signal and the second data signal.

[0177] Based on this implementation, data can be placed in the frequency domain portion corresponding to the time domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal, which can further reduce system overhead.

[0178] Figure 8 shows an example where the first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal, a first data signal, and a second data signal. In this figure, "★" represents the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal, "▲" represents the first data signal in the first time-frequency signal, and "▼" represents the second data signal in the first time-frequency signal. Furthermore, I P I represents the time-domain index of the pilot signal and the second data signal. D This represents the time-domain index of the first data signal. N represents the number of time-domain symbols of the first time-frequency signal, and M represents the number of frequency-domain symbols of the first time-frequency signal. Frequency domain index representing a frequency domain signal. M1 represents the frequency domain index of the second data signal, M2 represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the pilot signal, and M1 represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the second data signal, which can also be called the number of frequency domain data symbols.

[0179] In addition, the frequency domain position occupied by the pilot signal can be denoted as... The time domain position occupied by the second data signal can be denoted as:

[0180] In one possible implementation, the first time-frequency signal may further include a protection symbol. For example, the first time-frequency signal may include a pilot signal, a first data signal, and a protection symbol, but not a second data signal. When the first time-frequency signal does not include a second data signal, the time-domain position of the protection symbol is the same as the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and in the frequency domain, the protection symbol may occupy a frequency domain position other than that of the pilot signal.

[0181] For example, the first time-frequency signal may include a pilot signal, a first data signal, a second data signal, and a protection symbol. When the first time-frequency signal includes a second data signal, the time-domain position of the protection symbol is the same as the time-domain position of the second data signal and the time-domain position of the pilot signal. Furthermore, the protection symbol, the second data signal, and the pilot signal occupy different frequency domain positions. Specifically, the second data signal may occupy a frequency domain position other than that of the protection symbol and the pilot signal.

[0182] In this application, the protected symbol may be a zero signal or a zero symbol.

[0183] Based on this implementation, a protection symbol can be placed in the frequency domain portion corresponding to the time domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal to reduce inter-subcarrier interference (ICI). ICI will increase in high-speed mobile scenarios.

[0184] Optionally, the protection symbols can be evenly distributed at frequency domain locations.

[0185] Figure 9 shows an example where the first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal, a first data signal, a second data signal, and a protection symbol. In this figure, "★" represents the pilot signal, "▲" represents the first data signal, "▼" represents the second data signal, and "○" represents the protection symbol. Furthermore, N represents the number of time-domain symbols in the first time-frequency signal, and M represents the number of frequency-domain symbols. The frequency domain index represents the protection symbol, M2 represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the pilot signal, and M1 represents the number of frequency domain symbols of the second data signal. Furthermore, the number of frequency domain symbols of the protection symbol, also known as the number of frequency domain protection symbols, can be represented as M3, for example, M = M1 + M2 + M3.

[0186] In this implementation, the protection symbols can be evenly distributed in the frequency domain. The frequency domain position of the protection symbols is determined based on at least one of the following: the frequency domain pilot interval, the frequency domain guard interval, and the number of protection symbols. Specifically, the frequency domain pilot interval can be used to determine the frequency domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal, and the frequency domain position of the protection symbols can be one or more frequency domain positions other than those occupied by the pilot signal.

[0187] For example, a protection symbol occupies frequency domain resources with index ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0'; where m0' represents the index of the first frequency domain position occupied by the protection symbol. ΔM' represents the frequency domain protection interval, that is, the frequency domain interval of the protection symbols. m3 = 1, 2, ..., M3. M3 is the number of protection symbols.

[0188] The values ​​of ΔM' and / or M3 can be determined by the access network node or the terminal. For example, the values ​​of ΔM' and / or M3 can be defined by the protocol or configured by the access network node or the terminal.

[0189] Optionally, the first device and the second device can mutually indicate or notify each other of the values ​​of ΔM' and / or M3 via signaling. For example, the first device can send indication information of ΔM' and / or M3 to the second device. Specifically, the indication information of ΔM' and / or M3 can be the number or index of ΔM' and / or M3 among one or more alternative values, or it can be other information corresponding to ΔM' and / or M3, or it can be ΔM' and / or M3 themselves, or it can be other values ​​that can be calculated to obtain ΔM' and / or M3. Alternatively, the second device can send the indication information of ΔM' and / or M3 to the first device.

[0190] Optionally, if the first time-frequency signal includes a second data signal and a protection symbol, the first device may determine the frequency domain position of the protection symbol based on at least one of the frequency domain pilot interval, the frequency domain protection interval, and the number of protection symbols, and then determine the frequency domain position where the second data signal is applied from the frequency domain positions not occupied by the pilot signal and the protection symbol.

[0191] The receiving-side operation of the second device is described below with reference to Figure 10. As shown in Figure 10, the operation performed by the second device may include the following steps:

[0192] S201: The second device acquires the time-domain signal.

[0193] The time-domain signal can be the signal transmitted by the first device in S103, which is then propagated through the channel and received by the second device. The time-domain signal in S201 can be the time-domain signal received by the second device. Compared to the time-domain signal transmitted by the first device, the signal received by the second device may be superimposed with interference signals.

[0194] Specifically in S201, the time-domain signal can be received by the second device through the receiver. When S201 is executed by the second device or the receiver of the second device, "acquiring the time-domain signal" can be understood as receiving the time-domain signal in the channel. When S201 is executed by the modulator or other components, "acquiring the time-domain signal" can be understood as receiving the time-domain signal from the receiver or other components.

[0195] S202: The second device obtains a first time-frequency signal based on the time-domain signal. The first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal in the TF domain and a first data signal in the TF domain, wherein the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal.

[0196] The second device can perform demodulation and other processing on the received time-domain signal to obtain the first time-frequency signal. For example, the first device can convert the time-domain signal into the first time-frequency signal using a fast Fourier transform (FFT).

[0197] S203: The second device maps the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain to the DD domain to obtain the pilot signal in the DD domain and the first data signal in the DD domain.

[0198] Specifically, the second device can obtain the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain from the first time-frequency signal according to the time-domain pilot symbol interval. The second device can further convert the pilot signal in the TF domain into a pilot reception signal in the DD domain, and convert the first data signal in the TF domain into a first data reception signal in the DD domain.

[0199] The second device can then perform channel estimation based on the pilot signal received in the DD domain, and detect and acquire the first data signal based on the channel estimation result and the first data received signal.

[0200] The definitions and concepts in Figure 10 can be found in the corresponding explanations in the flowchart in Figure 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0201] It is understood that the process shown in Figure 10 above is an example of the receiving action of the second device and should not be construed as a limitation on the receiving action of the second device.

[0202] Since the input-output relationship of the DD domain signal is in the form of a two-dimensional circular convolution, the second device needs to perform phase compensation on the received DD domain signal in order to recover the DD domain signal transmitted by the first device. Specifically, the second device can perform phase compensation on the input-output relationship of the pilot received signal in the DD domain obtained in S203 to recover the pilot signal in the DD domain, and perform phase compensation on the input-output relationship of the first data received signal in the DD domain obtained in S203 to recover the first data signal in the DD domain.

[0203] The following describes a method for phase compensation of received signals in the DD domain.

[0204] Here, Y[k,l] represents the received signal with Doppler domain index k and time delay domain index l. Y[k,l] can be compensated using a compensation coefficient, exp(-1j*2*pi*(0:L-1) / L*k / K) for phase compensation. That is, the phase-compensated DD domain signal Y'[k,l] satisfies: Y'[k,l]=Y[k,l] exp(-j*2*π*(0:L-1) / L*k / K). (Formula 1)

[0205] Where L and K are the number of frequency domain symbols and the number of time domain symbols of the received signal, respectively, k = 0, 1, ..., K, l = 0, 1, ..., L.

[0206] The phase compensation method described above is exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the phase compensation method in the DD domain. For example, the second device can also implement phase compensation using other existing methods.

[0207] The communication method provided in this application will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 11, 16 and 20. In Figures 11, 16 and 20, "delay" represents "delay domain", "Doppler" represents "Doppler domain", "frequency" represents "frequency domain" and "time" represents "time domain".

[0208] (1) Embodiment shown in Figure 11

[0209] Figure 11 shows an example of how the first device obtains the first time-frequency signal when the pilot signal in the DD domain uses a pilot sequence and the pilot sequence in the first time-frequency signal occupies all frequency domain positions.

[0210] In the embodiment shown in Figure 11, the first device can transmit a time-domain signal through the following steps:

[0211] S301: The first device will transfer the symbol X carrying information in the N1×M point DD field. D Converted to TF domain signal via ISFFT

[0212] In S301, X D This can be used as an example of the first data signal in the DD field of S101. D This can serve as an example of the first data signal in the TF field of S102.

[0213] S302: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. D Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal S

[0214] S303: The first device obtains a sequence x of length M′≤M. This sequence x is the sequence used to generate the pilot sequence.

[0215] In this embodiment, M2 = M is used as an example.

[0216] Optionally, the first device may send indication information of sequence x to the second device to indicate the sequence x. Alternatively, the second device may send the indication information of sequence x to the first device.

[0217] S304: The first device maps the sequence x to a column of an N2×M zero matrix to form the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X. P It is then converted into a TF domain signal via ISFFT.

[0218] in, express The transpose of the matrix, Let F represent the N2-point Fourier transform matrix. M Let M represent the M-point Fourier transform matrix. N2 can represent the number of time-domain pilot symbols, and M can represent the number of frequency-domain symbols of the first time-frequency signal.

[0219] For example, N2 can satisfy: N2 = 2k max +1,k max It is a positive integer.

[0220] In this S304, the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X P This can be used as an example of a pilot signal in the DD domain of S101. p This can serve as an example of a pilot signal for the time-domain location in S102.

[0221] S305: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. p Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal

[0222] For example, see the description in this application. It can satisfy: ΔN*(n-1)+n0.

[0223] S306: The first device according to S D Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal D and S p Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal P S is obtained. Wherein, the time-domain position I in S... D The signal is S D The time-domain position I in S P The signal is S p .

[0224] In S306, S can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S103.

[0225] S307: The first device converts S into a time-domain signal and sends it through M-point IFFT transformation.

[0226] In the embodiment shown in Figure 11, the second device can receive the signal through the following steps:

[0227] S308: The second device acquires the received signal transmitted in the channel.

[0228] The received signal can be used as the time-domain signal in S201.

[0229] S309: The second device performs an M-point FFT transformation on the received signal to convert the received signal into the TF domain and obtain R.

[0230] In S309, R can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S202.

[0231] S310: The second device obtains R from R based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. p and R through SFFT p Transform to the DD domain to obtain Y P .

[0232] Among them, R p It can be regarded as a pilot signal in the TF domain of S202.

[0233] Specifically, the second device can be determined based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. and / or Further, it can be based on I D and / or I P Take R from R p Among them, I P Please refer to the instructions in S407.

[0234] S311: The second device controls Y through an input-output relationship. P Phase compensation is performed to obtain the compensated sequence Y. P '.

[0235] The phase compensation method can be found in Formula 1 and its explanation in this application, and will not be repeated here. For example, Y can be... P As Y[k,l] in Formula 1, Y P 'Y'[k,l] in Formula 1.

[0236] Y P Or Y P It can be regarded as a pilot signal in the DD domain of S203.

[0237] S312: The second device according to Y P Channel estimation is performed on sequence x, and data detection is performed based on the channel estimation results.

[0238] Y P and Y P It can be an N2×M2 matrix.

[0239] For example, the second device can recover S based on the channel estimation result and R, and based on I D Obtain S from S D Then, SFFT was used to convert S D Transform to DD field to obtain X D Among them, R D This can be considered as the first data signal in the TF field of S202. D It can be regarded as the first data signal in the DD field of S203.

[0240] Among them, according to Y P The method of channel estimation with sequence x is, for example, the second device can be based on Y. P 'And perform correlation operation on sequence x. The position of the correlation peak indicates the channel delay Doppler. The channel tap coefficient is determined based on the value of the position of the correlation peak. The channel estimation result includes the channel delay Doppler and the channel tap coefficient.'

[0241] Channel estimation based on sequence x can be performed by, for example, by the second device based on sequence x' and sequence x. For instance, correlation calculations are performed, the position of the correlation peak indicates the channel delay Doppler, and the channel tap coefficients are determined based on the value at the position of the correlation peak.

[0242] It is understood that the execution order of the steps between S301 and S312 is not strictly limited. For example, S301 and S302 can be executed before S303 and S304, after S303 and S304, or even simultaneously; there are no specific requirements.

[0243] Optionally, in the embodiment shown in Figure 11, the access network node can determine one or more of the following parameters: the number of subcarriers (i.e., the number of frequency domain symbols) M, the number of OTFS symbols (i.e., the number of time domain symbols) N, the number of time domain data symbols N1, the number of time domain pilot symbols N2 and n0, and the time domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, and indicate these parameters to the terminal. Alternatively, the terminal can determine these parameters and indicate them to the access network node. For example, in uplink transmission, the first device can be the terminal, and the second device can be the access network node. Similarly, in downlink transmission, the first device can be the access network node, and the second device can be the terminal. Furthermore, one or more of the above parameters can be considered as default values ​​and do not need to be indicated.

[0244] Table 1 illustrates the communication parameter configuration applicable to the example shown in Figure 11. As can be seen, Table 1 provides the communication parameter configurations for Examples 1 to 4. Other communication parameter configurations besides Examples 1 to 4 can also be used in this embodiment; there is no specific limitation.

[0245] Table 1

[0246] In this application, f c ν represents the center frequency, ν represents the speed in kilometers per hour (km / h), and τ represents the channel delay.

[0247] It is understood that the communication parameter configurations that can be used in the scheme shown in Figure 11 are not limited to the examples in Table 1.

[0248] Figure 12 illustrates the PAPR performance of the transmitted signal based on the embodiment shown in Figure 11, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 of Table 1, respectively. Examples 1 to 4 represent the PAPR performance of the pilot signals based on Examples 1 to 4, and the data sequence refers to the PAPR of the data signal. In Figure 12, gama0 represents the PAPR threshold, and the vertical axis represents the probability that the PAPR is greater than the threshold. It can be seen that the PAPR of the pilot signal is lower than that of the data signal, thus reducing the overall PAPR of the signal. For example, in Examples 1 to 4, the PAPR of the pilot signal sequence is less than 7 dB.

[0249] Figure 13 illustrates the transmission overhead of signals transmitted based on the embodiment shown in Figure 11, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 of Table 1, respectively. Examples 1 to 4 represent the transmission overhead of pilot signals when the number of ports is 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16, respectively. Since pilot signals are obtained using pilot sequences in the examples of Figure 11, the pilot sequences for different antenna ports are located at the same position. Ports are distinguished based on the cross-correlation of the sequences, thus reducing overhead. As can be seen from Figure 13, the transmission overhead is no higher than 50% when using any of the examples 1 to 4 shown in Figure 11. For example, with a center carrier frequency of 28 GHz and a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz, the transmission overhead is 25% for the number of ports of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.

[0250] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the channel estimation accuracy of the signal transmitted based on the embodiment shown in Figure 11, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 in Table 1, respectively. As shown in Figure 15, baseline 1 represents the following signal transmission scheme: data symbols and pilot symbols are mapped to an N*M zero matrix, that is, data symbols and pilot symbols are carried in an N*MDD domain matrix. This matrix, after ISFFT transformation, yields an N*M TF domain symbol, where the pilot signal is a single-point pilot. In the transmission scheme shown in Figure 15, to avoid interference from data symbols to the pilot signal, a space 1 is left between the time delay domain position of the pilot signal and the time delay domain positions of other signals. max Each time delay domain location, and all Doppler domain locations of the pilot signal's time delay domain location need to be left blank. As shown in Figure 14, compared with the scheme shown in baseline 1, the channel estimation accuracy does not decrease significantly when using the scheme shown in Figure 11.

[0251] When using the scheme shown in Figure 15, under the communication parameter configuration shown in Example 4, the transmission overhead is approximately 70% for single-port transmission and 1 for multi-port transmission. However, in Figure 13, regardless of whether it's single-port or multi-port, the transmission overhead is 25% under the communication parameter configuration shown in Example 4. Therefore, the transmission overhead when communicating using the embodiment in Figure 11 is lower than that shown in Figure 15. Especially in the high-frequency scenario shown in Example 4, the transmission overhead is significantly reduced.

[0252] (2) The embodiment shown in Figure 16

[0253] Figure 16 shows an example of how a first device obtains a first time-frequency signal when the pilot signal in the DD domain uses a pilot sequence and the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal occupies part of the frequency domain position. The second data signal can occupy part or all of the frequency domain position not occupied by the pilot signal. Specifically, when the number of protection symbols M3 = 0 (i.e., M1 + M2 + M3 = M), the second data signal can occupy all the frequency domain positions not occupied by the pilot signal; when the number of protection symbols M3 > 0 (i.e., M1 + M2 < M), the second data signal can occupy part of the frequency domain position not occupied by the pilot signal, with the remaining part occupied by protection symbols.

[0254] In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the first device can transmit a time-domain signal through the following steps:

[0255] S401: The first device will transfer the symbol X carrying information in the N1×M point DD field. D1 Converted to TF domain signal via ISFFT

[0256] In S401, X D1 This can be used as an example of the first data signal in the DD field of S101. D1 This can serve as an example of the first data signal in the TF field of S102.

[0257] S402: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. D1 Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal S

[0258] S403: The first device will transfer the symbol X carrying information in the DD field of point N2×M1. D2 Converted to TF domain signal via ISFFT M1 is a positive integer.

[0259] in, express The transpose of the matrix, Let F represent the N2-point Fourier transform matrix. M Let M represent the M-point Fourier transform matrix. N2 can represent the number of time-domain pilot symbols, and M1 can represent the number of frequency-domain symbols of the second data signal.

[0260] In S403, X D2 This can serve as an example of a second data signal in the DD domain. D2 This can serve as an example of the second data signal in the TF domain.

[0261] S404: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. D2 Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal S and frequency domain position M3 is a non-negative integer.

[0262] For example, see the description in this application. It can satisfy: ΔN*(n-1)+n0.

[0263] When the number of protection symbols is 0, the first device can determine the frequency domain position of the pilot signal in S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. The remaining frequency domain positions are...

[0264] Furthermore, when the number of protection symbols is not zero, the first device can determine the frequency domain positions of the protection symbols and pilot signals in S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. The remaining frequency domain positions are...

[0265] For example, as described in this application, a protection symbol can occupy a frequency domain resource with an index of ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0'; where m0' represents the index of the first frequency domain position occupied by the protection symbol.

[0266] S405: The first device obtains length M2 ′ A sequence x ≤ M. This sequence x is the one used to generate the pilot sequence.

[0267] Among them, M2 ′ Let M1 be a prime number less than M2. M2 can represent the number of pilot symbols in the frequency domain. Where M2 < M. M1 + M2 + M3 = M.

[0268] Optionally, the first device may send indication information of sequence x to the second device to indicate the sequence x. Alternatively, the second device may send the indication information of sequence x to the first device.

[0269] S406: The first device maps the sequence x to a column of an N2×M2 zero matrix to form the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X. P It is then converted into a TF domain signal via ISFFT.

[0270] in, express The transpose of the matrix, Describes the N2-point Fourier transform matrix. M2 represents the M2-point Fourier transform matrix. N2 can represent the number of pilot symbols in the time domain.

[0271] For example, N2 can satisfy: N2 = 2k max +1,k max It is a positive integer.

[0272] In this S406, the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X P This can be used as an example of a pilot signal in the DD domain of S101. p This can serve as an example of a pilot signal for the time-domain location in S102.

[0273] S407: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. p Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal and frequency domain position in, It can be an arithmetic sequence with a difference of ΔM.

[0274] For example, see the description in this application. It can satisfy: ΔM*(m-1)+m0.

[0275] S408: The first device according to S D1 Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal D S D2 Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal S P and frequency domain position and S p Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal P and frequency domain position Obtain an S.

[0276] In S408, S can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S103.

[0277] S409: The first device converts S into a time-domain signal and sends it through M-point IFFT transformation.

[0278] In the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the second device can receive signals through the following steps:

[0279] S410: The second device acquires the received signal transmitted in the channel.

[0280] The received signal can be used as the time-domain signal in S201.

[0281] S411: The second device performs an M-point FFT transformation on the received signal to convert the received signal to the TF domain and obtain R.

[0282] In S411, R can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S202.

[0283] S412: The second device will The location signal is extracted from R. p Then, zeros are padded to the non-pilot positions in the frequency domain. The zero-padded TF domain signal is then subjected to an N2×M-point SFFT to the DD domain to obtain Y. P .

[0284] The R p This can be viewed as a pilot signal in the TF domain of S202. Y P It can be regarded as a pilot signal in the DD domain of S203.

[0285] Specifically, I P and It can be determined based on the time-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3, for example, as explained in S407.

[0286] S413: The second device controls Y through an input-output relationship. P Phase compensation is performed, and the repetitive positions in the time delay domain are superimposed to obtain the compensated DD domain signal Y. P '.

[0287] Y P and Y P It can be an N2×M2 matrix.

[0288] The phase compensation method can be found in Formula 1 and its explanation in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0289] For example, in the time delay domain, signals at pilot positions are superimposed at intervals of ΔM in the frequency domain to obtain a DD domain signal of N2×M2, and channel estimation is performed based on this DD domain signal.

[0290] S414: The second device according to Y P Channel estimation is performed on sequence x, and data detection is performed based on the channel estimation results.

[0291] For example, the second device can recover S based on the channel estimation result and R, and based on I D Obtain S from S D1 , and according to I P and Obtain S from S D2 And by using SFFT to convert S D1 and S D2 Transform to the DD field to obtain X. D1and X D2 Among them, S D1 This can be considered as the first data signal in the TF field of S202. X D1 This can be considered as the first data signal in the DD domain of S203. D2 It can be considered as the second data signal in the TF domain. X D2 It can be regarded as the second data signal in the DD domain.

[0292] According to Y P The method for channel estimation with sequence x can be found in the description of S312, and will not be repeated here.

[0293] It is understood that, in the embodiment shown in Figure 16, the access network node can determine one or more of the following parameters: the number of subcarriers M, the number of OTFS symbols N, the number of time-domain data symbols N1, the number of time-domain pilot symbols N2, the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, the number of frequency-domain data symbols M1, the number of frequency-domain pilot symbols M2, the number of frequency-domain guard symbols M3, n0, m0, and m0', and indicate these parameters to the terminal. Alternatively, the terminal can determine these parameters and indicate them to the access network node. For example, in uplink transmission, the first device can be the terminal, and the second device can be the access network node. Similarly, in downlink transmission, the first device can be the access network node, and the second device can be the terminal. Furthermore, one or more of the above parameters can be considered default values ​​and do not require indication.

[0294] Table 2 shows the communication parameter configurations for cases where a pilot sequence is used and the first time-frequency signal consists of a pilot signal, a first data signal, a second data signal, and / or a protection symbol. Table 2 provides the communication parameter configurations for Examples 1 to 4 in the embodiment shown in Figure 16.

[0295] Table 2

[0296] It is understood that the communication parameter configurations that can be used in the scheme shown in Figure 16 are not limited to the examples in Table 2.

[0297] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating the PAPR performance of the transmitted signal based on the embodiment shown in Figure 16, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 of Table 2, respectively. Examples 1 to 4 represent the PAPR performance of the pilot signals based on Examples 1 to 4, and the data sequence refers to the PAPR of the data signal. It can be seen that the PAPR of the pilot signal is lower than that of the data signal, thus reducing the overall PAPR of the signal. For example, in Examples 1 to 4, the PAPR of the pilot signal sequence is all less than or close to 12 dB.

[0298] Figure 18 illustrates the transmission overhead of signals transmitted based on the embodiment shown in Figure 16, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 of Table 2, respectively. Examples 1 to 4 represent the transmission overhead of pilot signals when the number of ports is 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16, respectively. Since in the embodiment of Figure 16, a portion of the frequency domain resources corresponding to the time domain occupied by the pilot signal can be used to carry an additional second data signal, the transmission overhead can be further reduced. As can be seen from Figure 18, the transmission overhead is approximately 10% when using any of the examples 1 to 4 shown in Figure 16. For example, with a center carrier frequency of 28 GHz and a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz, the transmission overhead is 12.5% ​​for the number of ports of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.

[0299] Figure 19 illustrates the channel estimation accuracy of signals transmitted based on the embodiments shown in Figures 11 and 16 when ΔM = 1, 2, 5, 10 and / or the number of frequency domain guard symbols M3 = 0, 1, 2, 4. It can be seen that compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 11 when ΔM = 1, the channel estimation accuracy does not significantly decrease when using the scheme shown in Figure 16. In Figure 19, prop.1 represents the scheme shown in Figure 11, and prop.2 represents the scheme shown in Figure 16.

[0300] (3) The embodiment shown in Figure 20

[0301] Figure 20 shows an example of how the first device obtains the first time-frequency signal when the pilot signal in the DD domain uses a single-point pilot and the pilot signal in the first time-frequency signal occupies part of the frequency domain position. The second data signal can occupy part or all of the frequency domain position not occupied by the pilot signal. Specifically, when the number of protection symbols is 0, the second data signal can occupy all of the frequency domain position not occupied by the pilot signal; when the number of protection symbols is not 0, the second data signal can occupy part of the frequency domain position not occupied by the pilot signal, with the remaining part occupied by protection symbols.

[0302] In the embodiment shown in Figure 20, the first device can transmit a time-domain signal through the following steps:

[0303] S501: The first device will transfer the symbol X carrying information in the N1×M point DD field. D1 Converted to TF domain signal via ISFFT

[0304] In S501, X D1 This can be used as an example of the first data signal in the DD field of S101. D1 This can serve as an example of the first data signal in the TF field of S102.

[0305] S502: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN. D1 Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal S

[0306] S503: The first device will transfer the symbol X carrying information in the DD field of point N2×M1. D2 Converted to TF domain signal via ISFFT M1 is a positive integer.

[0307] For S503, please refer to the description of S403.

[0308] In S503, X D2 This can serve as an example of a second data signal in the DD domain. D2 This can serve as an example of the second data signal in the TF domain.

[0309] S504: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. D2 Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal S and frequency domain position M3 is a non-negative integer.

[0310] For S504, please refer to the description of S404.

[0311] S505: The first device obtains a single-point pilot signal x.

[0312] S506: The first device maps the single-point pilot x to the (k) of the N2×M2 zero matrix. P ,l P The positions constitute the pilot symbol matrix X in the DD domain. P It is then converted into a TF domain signal via ISFFT.

[0313] (k P ,l P (k) can be a set value, such as the center position of the zero matrix. P ,l P The position can also be a value that is mutually indicated or notified between the first and second devices via signaling, and is not specifically limited. For example, 0≤k P ≤N2-1,0≤l P ≤M2-1.

[0314] in, express The transpose of the matrix, Describes the N2-point Fourier transform matrix. M2 represents the M2-point Fourier transform matrix. N2 can represent the number of pilot symbols in the time domain.

[0315] For example, N2 can satisfy: N2 = 2k max +1,k max It is a positive integer.

[0316] In this S506, the DD domain pilot symbol matrix X P This can be used as an example of a pilot signal in the DD domain of S101. p This can serve as an example of a pilot signal for the time-domain location in S102.

[0317] S507: The first device determines S based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3. p Time domain position in the first time-frequency signal and frequency domain position in, It can be an arithmetic sequence with a difference of ΔM.

[0318] For example, see the description in this application. It can satisfy: ΔM*(m-1)+m0.

[0319] S508: The first device according to S D1 Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal D S D2 Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal S P and frequency domain position and S p Time-domain position I in the first time-frequency signal P and frequency domain position Obtain an S.

[0320] In S508, S can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S103.

[0321] S509: The first device converts S into a time-domain signal and sends it through M-point IFFT transformation.

[0322] In the embodiment shown in Figure 20, the second device can receive the signal through the following steps:

[0323] S510: The second device acquires the received signal transmitted in the channel.

[0324] The received signal can be used as the time-domain signal in S201.

[0325] S511: The second device performs an M-point FFT transformation on the received signal to convert the received signal into the TF domain and obtain R.

[0326] In S511, S can be used as an example of the first time-frequency signal in S202.

[0327] S512: The second device will The location signal is extracted from R. p Then, zeros are padded to the non-pilot positions in the frequency domain. The zero-padded TF domain signal is then subjected to an N2×M-point SFFT to the DD domain to obtain Y. P .

[0328] The R p This can be viewed as a pilot signal in the TF domain of S202. Y P It can be regarded as a pilot signal in the DD domain of S203.

[0329] Specifically, I P and It can be determined based on the time-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol spacing ΔM, and the number of protection symbols M3, for example, as explained in S407.

[0330] S513: The second device controls Y through an input-output relationship. P Phase compensation is performed, and the repetitive positions in the time delay domain are superimposed to obtain the compensated pilot signal Y. P '. Y P and Y P It can be an N2×M2 matrix.

[0331] The phase compensation method can be found in Formula 1 and its explanation in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0332] The superposition method of repeated positions in the time delay domain can be found in the explanation in S413, and will not be repeated here.

[0333] Y P Or Y P It can be regarded as a pilot signal in the DD domain of S203.

[0334] S514: The second device according to Y P Channel estimation is performed using a single-point pilot x, and data detection is performed based on the channel estimation results.

[0335] For example, the second device can recover S based on the channel estimation result and R, and based on I D Obtain S from S D1 , and according to I P and Obtain S from S D2And by using SFFT to convert S D1 and S D2 Transform to the DD field to obtain X. D1 and X D2 Among them, S D1 This can be considered as the first data signal in the TF field of S202. X D1 This can be considered as the first data signal in the DD domain of S203. D2 It can be considered as the second data signal in the TF domain. X D2 It can be regarded as the second data signal in the DD domain.

[0336] According to Y P The method of channel estimation using a single-point pilot x is as follows: the second device determines Y within the channel estimation detection area. P The signal amplitude is used to determine the location of the path of the received signal, and then the path index and (k) are used to determine the path location. P ,l P The difference between the two values ​​determines the channel delay Doppler, and the amplitude of the path divided by x is the channel tap coefficient. The channel estimation result includes the channel delay Doppler and the channel tap coefficient. The channel estimation detection region can be the delay domain index in the DD domain, defined by (l... P -l max ) to (l P +l max ), and the Doppler field index is composed of (k P -k max ) to (k P +k max (area).

[0337] It is understood that, in the embodiment shown in Figure 20, the number of subcarriers M, the number of OTFS symbols N, the number of time-domain data symbols N1, the number of time-domain pilot symbols N2, the time-domain pilot symbol interval ΔN, the frequency-domain pilot symbol interval ΔM, the number of frequency-domain data symbols M1, the number of frequency-domain pilot symbols M2, and the number of frequency-domain guard symbols M3 can be determined by the access network node. P l P The terminal can determine one or more of the parameters n0, m0, and m0' and indicate these parameters to the terminal. Alternatively, the terminal can determine these parameters and indicate them to the access network node. For example, in uplink transmission, the first device can be the terminal and the second device can be the access network node. Similarly, in downlink transmission, the first device can be the access network node and the second device can be the terminal. Furthermore, one or more of the above parameters can be considered default values ​​and do not require indication.

[0338] Table 3 shows the communication parameter configurations for scenarios 1 to 4 in the embodiment shown in Figure 20, where a single-point pilot signal is used and the first time-frequency signal consists of a pilot signal, a first data signal, a second data signal, and / or a protection symbol.

[0339] Table 3

[0340] It is understood that the communication parameter configurations that can be used in the scheme shown in Figure 20 are not limited to the examples in Table 3.

[0341] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the PAPR performance of the transmitted signal based on the embodiment shown in Figure 20, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 in Table 2, respectively. Examples 1 to 4 represent the PAPR performance of the pilot signals based on Examples 1 to 4, and the data sequence refers to the PAPR of the data signal. It can be seen that the PAPR of the pilot signal is lower than that of the data signal, thus reducing the overall PAPR of the signal. For example, in Examples 1 to 4, the PAPR of the pilot signal sequence is all less than or close to 15 dB.

[0342] Figure 22 illustrates the transmission overhead of signals transmitted based on the embodiment shown in Figure 16, using the communication parameter configurations shown in Examples 1 to 4 of Table 2. Examples 1 to 4 represent the transmission overhead of pilot signals based on Examples 1 to 4, with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 ports, respectively. Since in the embodiment of Figure 20, a portion of the frequency domain resources corresponding to the time domain occupied by the pilot signal can be used to additionally carry the second data signal, the transmission overhead can be further reduced. As can be seen from Figure 22, with a center carrier frequency of 28 GHz and a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz, the transmission overhead for 1 and 2 ports is less than or equal to 12.5%.

[0343] Figure 23 illustrates the accuracy of channel estimation for signals transmitted based on the embodiments shown in Figures 11 and 20 when ΔM = 1, 5, 10 and / or the number of frequency domain guard symbols M3 = 0, 1, 2. It can be seen that, compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 11 when ΔM = 1, the accuracy of channel estimation does not significantly decrease when using the scheme shown in Figure 20. In Figure 23, prop.1 represents the scheme shown in Figure 11, and prop.3 represents the scheme shown in Figure 20.

[0344] It is understood that in the flowchart of Figure 4, S101 and S102 can also be replaced by S104: the first device obtains the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain. The pilot signal in the TF domain can be obtained by mapping the pilot signal in the DD domain, and the first data signal in the TF domain can be obtained by mapping the first data signal in the DD domain. When executing S104, the mapping from the pilot signal in the DD domain to the pilot signal in the TF domain in S102, and / or the mapping from the first data signal in the DD domain to the first data signal in the TF domain, can be performed by the first device or other devices or apparatuses. The mapping of the pilot signal and the mapping of the first data signal can be performed by the same or different devices or apparatuses, without specific limitation.

[0345] S103 can be executed after S104.

[0346] It can also be understood that S101 and S102 can be replaced by S105: the first device obtains a first time-frequency signal. This first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal in the TF domain and a first data signal in the TF domain, and the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain are orthogonal. The pilot signal in the TF domain can be obtained by mapping from a pilot signal in the DD domain, and the first data signal in the TF domain can be obtained by mapping from a first data signal in the DD domain. Specifically, when executing S105, the first time-frequency signal can be obtained by the first device or another device or apparatus other than the first device based on the pilot signal in the TF domain and the first data signal in the TF domain, for example, based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the pilot signal in the TF domain, and the first data signal in the TF domain. Furthermore, when executing S105, the mapping from the pilot signal in the DD domain to the pilot signal in the TF domain in S102, and / or the mapping from the first data signal in the DD domain to the first data signal in the TF domain, can be performed by the first device or another device or apparatus other than the first device. The mapping of the pilot signal, the mapping of the first data signal, and the acquisition of the first time-frequency signal can be performed by the same or different devices or apparatuses, without specific limitations.

[0347] S103 can be executed after S105.

[0348] Based on the same technical concept, this application provides a communication device, which includes modules, units, or means that perform the method steps in the above method embodiments. The functions, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or hardware executing corresponding software.

[0349] For example, referring to FIG24, the communication device 2400 may include a processing unit 2410 and a transceiver unit 2420.

[0350] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2420 may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module. The transmitting module is used to perform the transmitting operation of the first or second device in the above method embodiments. The receiving module is used to perform the receiving operation of the first or second device in the above method embodiments.

[0351] It should be noted that the communication device 2400 may include a transmitting module but not a receiving module. Alternatively, the communication device 2400 may include a receiving module but not a transmitting module. Specifically, it depends on whether the above-described scheme executed by the communication device 2400 includes both transmitting and receiving actions.

[0352] The processing unit 2410 is used for data processing. The transceiver unit 2420 can implement corresponding communication functions.

[0353] Optionally, the communication device 2400 may further include a storage module, which can be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 2410 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device 2400 can implement the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0354] For example, the communication device 2400 may be a first communication device or a component configurable within the first communication device. The first communication device may be, for example, a component within a first or second device. The processing unit 2410 is configured to perform processing-related operations of the first or second device in the above method embodiments, such as at least one of S101 to S102, or, for example, at least one of S201 to S203. The transceiver unit 2420 is configured to perform transmission and / or reception-related operations of the first or second device in the above method embodiments, such as S104.

[0355] For example, the communication device 2400 can implement the actions performed by the first device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. As another example, the communication device 2400 can be used to implement the actions performed by the second device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10.

[0356] It should be understood that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0357] The processing unit 2410 in the above embodiments can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuitry. The transceiver unit 2420 can be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuitry. The transceiver unit 2420 can also be referred to as a communication module or communication interface.

[0358] The following is another structural schematic diagram of the communication device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 25, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 2500, including:

[0359] At least one processor 2510; and a communication interface 2530 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 2510; the at least one processor 2510 causes the device to perform the method steps in the above method embodiments through the communication interface 2530 by executing instructions stored in the memory 2520.

[0360] Optionally, the memory 2520 is located outside the communication device 2500.

[0361] Optionally, the communication device 2500 includes the memory 2520, which is connected to the at least one processor 2510. The memory 2520 stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor 2510. Figure 25 shows, with dashed lines, that the memory 2520 is optional for the communication device 2500.

[0362] The processor 2510 and the memory 2520 can be coupled through an interface circuit or integrated together; no limitation is made here.

[0363] This embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the processor 2510, memory 2520, and communication interface 2530. In Figure 25, the processor 2510, memory 2520, and communication interface 2530 are connected via a bus. The bus is represented by a straight line in Figure 25. The connection methods between other components are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one straight line is used to represent the bus in Figure 25, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. The communication device 2500 can also use connection methods other than buses, i.e., it is not limited to buses.

[0364] Taking the first communication device as an example, when the communication device 2500 is the first communication device, the first communication device may include a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The memory may store computer program code, and the transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver.

[0365] The processor is primarily used for processing communication protocols and data; controlling the first communication device; executing software programs; and processing data from those programs. The memory is mainly used for storing software programs and data. The transmitter is used to send signals to other communication devices or equipment, and the receiver is used to receive signals from other communication devices or equipment.

[0366] When the communication device 2500 is a chip in the first communication device, the chip may include a processor, a memory, and a transceiver. The transceiver may be an input / output circuit or a communication interface. The processor may be a processing module integrated on the chip, a microprocessor, or an integrated circuit. In the above method embodiments, the transmitting operation of the first communication device can be understood as the output of the chip, and the receiving operation of the first communication device in the above method embodiments can be understood as the input of the chip.

[0367] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, implemented by reading software code stored in memory.

[0368] For example, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0369] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0370] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0371] It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0372] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, including a program or instructions, which, when run on a computer, cause the methods in the above method embodiments to be executed.

[0373] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, including instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the methods in the above method embodiments to be executed.

[0374] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application also provide a communication system, which may include a first device and a second device. For example, the first device can be used to implement the method flow in FIG4, and the second device can be used to implement the method flow in FIG10.

[0375] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0376] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0377] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0378] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0379] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0380] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects; in the formulas of this application, the character " / " indicates a "division" relationship between the preceding and following related objects. "Including at least one of A, B, and C" can mean: including A; including B; including C; including A and B; including A and C; including B and C; including A, B, and C.

[0381] In the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design scheme described as an "example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of the term "example" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, "of," "corresponding, relevant," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinction is emphasized.

[0382] In the embodiments of this application, "transmission" includes "sending" and / or "receiving." "Sending" and "receiving" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "sending information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which can include direct transmission via the air interface or indirect transmission by other units or modules via the air interface. "Receiving information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which can include direct reception from YY via the air interface or indirect reception from YY by other units or modules via the air interface. "Sending" can also be understood as the "output" of a chip interface, and "receiving" can also be understood as the "input" of a chip interface. In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between access network nodes and terminals, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via buses, traces, or interfaces.

[0383] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

Claims

A communication method characterized by comprising: include: Obtain the first data signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain and the pilot signal in the time-delayed Doppler domain; The pilot signal in the time-delay Doppler domain and the first data signal in the time-delay Doppler domain are mapped to the time-frequency domain to obtain the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain. A time-domain signal is transmitted, which is obtained based on a first time-frequency signal. The first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and a first data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal. The method of claim 1, wherein The pilot signal is obtained from the sequence. The pilot signal occupies M2 time-delay Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position in the time-delay Doppler domain, where M2 is a positive integer greater than 1. The method of claim 2, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information of the sequence. The method of claim 1, wherein The pilot signal occupies p time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position, where p is the number of transmitting ports. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The method further includes: The first time-frequency signal is obtained based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the time-frequency domain pilot signal, and the time-frequency domain first data signal. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain occupies time-domain resources with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0; The time-frequency domain data signal occupies time-domain resources other than the index ΔN*(n-1)+n0; Wherein, ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔN is a positive integer, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain, and n0 is a non-negative integer. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The first time-frequency signal further includes: The second data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the time-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is the same as the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the frequency-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is different from that of the pilot signal. The method of claim 8, wherein The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal and the second data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein The first time-frequency signal further includes a protection symbol, the time-domain position of which is the same as the time-domain position of the second data signal and the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the protection symbol occupies a frequency domain position other than that of the second data signal and the pilot signal. The method of claim 10, wherein The frequency domain position of the protection symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: Frequency domain pilot spacing; Frequency domain guard interval; Number of protected symbols. The method of claim 11, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information of the number of protection symbols. The method as described in any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The protection symbol occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0'; The pilot signal occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0; Wherein, ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔM' represents the frequency-domain guard interval, ΔM represents the frequency-domain pilot interval, ΔN, ΔM and ΔM' are all positive integers, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, where N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, m3 = 1, 2, ..., M3, where M3 is a positive integer, m = 1, 2, ..., M2, where M2 is a positive integer, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the time-frequency domain data signal, m0' is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the guard symbol, m0 is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the pilot signal, and n0, m0 and m0' are all non-negative integers. A communication method characterized by comprising: include: Acquire time-domain signals; A first time-frequency signal is obtained based on the time-domain signal. The first time-frequency signal includes a pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and a first data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain are orthogonal. The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain and the first data signal in the time-frequency domain are mapped to the time-delay Doppler domain to obtain the pilot signal in the time-delay Doppler domain and the first data signal in the time-delay Doppler domain. The method of claim 14, wherein The pilot signal is obtained from the sequence. The pilot signal occupies M time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position in the time-delayed Doppler domain, where M is a positive integer greater than 1. The method of claim 15, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information for the sequence. The method of claim 14, wherein The pilot signal occupies p time-delayed Doppler domain symbol positions corresponding to one Doppler domain position, where p is the number of transmitting ports. The method according to any one of claims 14-17, characterized in that The method further includes: Based on the time-domain pilot symbol interval, the time-frequency domain pilot signal and the time-frequency domain first data signal are obtained from the first time-frequency signal. The method as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain occupies time-domain resources with an index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0; The time-frequency domain data signal occupies time-domain resources other than the index ΔN*(n-1)+n0; Wherein, ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔN is a positive integer, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the pilot signal in the time-frequency domain, and n0 is a non-negative integer. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information of the time-domain pilot symbol interval. The method according to any one of claims 14-20, characterized in that The first time-frequency signal further includes: The second data signal in the time-frequency domain, wherein the time-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is the same as the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the frequency-domain position of the second data signal in the time-frequency domain is different from that of the pilot signal. The method of claim 21, wherein The pilot signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal and the second data signal in the time-frequency domain of the first time-frequency signal are orthogonal. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein The first time-frequency signal further includes a protection symbol, the time-domain position of which is the same as the time-domain position of the second data signal and the time-domain position of the pilot signal, and the protection symbol occupies a frequency domain position other than that of the second data signal and the pilot signal. The method of claim 23, wherein The frequency domain position of the protection symbol is determined according to at least one of the following: Frequency domain pilot spacing; Frequency domain guard interval; Number of protected symbols. The method of claim 24, wherein The method further includes: Send or receive indication information of the number of protection symbols. The method as described in any one of claims 23-25, characterized in that, The protection symbol occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM'*(m3-1)+m0'; The pilot signal occupies time-frequency resources with a time-domain index of ΔN*(n-1)+n0 and a frequency-domain index of ΔM*(m-1)+m0; Wherein, ΔN represents the time-domain pilot symbol interval, ΔM' represents the frequency-domain guard interval, ΔM represents the frequency-domain pilot interval, ΔN, ΔM and ΔM' are all positive integers, n = 1, 2, ..., N2, where N2 is a positive integer greater than 2, m3 = 1, 2, ..., M3, where M3 is a positive integer, m = 1, 2, ..., M2, where M2 is a positive integer, n0 is the index of the first time-domain position occupied by the time-frequency domain data signal, m0' is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the guard symbol, m0 is the index of the first frequency-domain position occupied by the pilot signal, and n0, m0 and m0' are all non-negative integers. A communication device, characterized by It includes units or modules for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-13, or units or modules for performing the method as described in any one of claims 14-26. A communication device, characterized by Includes a processor for executing computer programs or instructions to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-13, or to implement the method as described in any one of claims 14-26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized by The storage medium stores a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-13, or the method as described in any one of claims 14-26. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program product is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method as described in any one of claims 1-13, or executes the method as described in any one of claims 14-26.

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