Negative-electrode-free battery cell, battery apparatus and electric apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a negative-electrode-free battery cell, a battery apparatus and an electric apparatus. The negative-electrode-free battery cell comprises a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator, wherein the separator is located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The separator comprises: a first base film; a second base film, which is located between the first base film and the negative electrode sheet, wherein the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode sheet; and a first inorganic coating, which is located between the first base film and the second base film, and the first inorganic coating comprises first inorganic particles. The battery cell provided in the embodiments of the present application has an improved cycle performance.

Description

Negative electrode battery cells, battery devices and electrical devices

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 202510120743.0, filed on January 24, 2025, entitled “Anode-free battery cell, battery device and power consumption device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a negative electrode-free battery cell, a battery device, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0004] Batteries are widely used in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric car toys, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, and power tools.

[0005] In the development of battery cells, improving the cycle performance of battery cells is one of the urgent problems to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a negative electrode-free battery cell, a battery device, and an electrical device.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a negative electrode-free battery cell, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The separator is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and includes a first base film, a second base film, and a first inorganic coating. The second base film is located between the first base film and the negative electrode, and the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode. The first inorganic coating is located between the first base film and the second base film, and the first inorganic coating includes first inorganic particles.

[0008] According to the embodiments of this application, an inorganic coating is provided between the two base films, and the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode sheet. This can make the separator have high puncture resistance while avoiding contact between the organic binder in the separator coating and the active metal deposited on the negative electrode, reducing side reactions during the active metal deposition process, thereby reducing the consumption of active metal during charge and discharge cycles, thereby improving the capacity utilization and cycle performance of the negative electrodeless battery cell.

[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first inorganic coating is 1 μm-3 μm. This further reduces the risk of dendrite growth puncturing the separator. It also facilitates the rapid transport of active ions.

[0010] In some embodiments, the mass content of the first inorganic particles in the first inorganic coating is 85%-95%. This allows the separator to achieve both high mechanical strength and good ion transport performance.

[0011] In some embodiments, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particles 1 50 is 0.2μm-0.5μm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the separator further includes a second inorganic coating located between the first base film and the positive electrode, the second inorganic coating comprising second inorganic particles. This can further enhance the strength of the separator and reduce the risk of dendrite growth puncturing the separator.

[0013] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second inorganic coating is 1 μm-3 μm.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mass content of the second inorganic particles in the second inorganic coating is 85%-95%. This allows the separator to have high strength while maintaining high porosity, thus enabling the separator to achieve both high mechanical strength and good ion transport performance.

[0015] In some embodiments, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the second inorganic particles 2 50 is 0.04μm-0.16μm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first inorganic particle and the second inorganic particle each independently comprise one or more of boehmite, alumina, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, hafnium dioxide, cerium oxide, zirconium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium fluoride, and lead zirconate titanate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the first inorganic coating includes a first binder, and the second inorganic coating includes a second binder. The first and second binders each independently include one or more of thermoplastic polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. This can improve the structural stability of the inorganic coating, reduce the shedding of inorganic particles during charge-discharge cycles, and improve the cycle stability of the battery cells.

[0018] In some embodiments, the porosity of the first base film is The porosity of the second base film is This can reduce the increase in negative electrode thickness caused by metal deposition, reduce the volume expansion of battery cells during charging, and thus improve the cycle stability and reliability of battery cells.

[0019] In some embodiments,

[0020] In some embodiments,

[0021] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first base film is h1, and the thickness of the second base film is h2, where h1 ≤ h2. This increases the amount of active metal that can be deposited in the pores of the second base film, further reduces the reaction between the active metal and the binder in the first inorganic coating, reduces the consumption of active metal, and thus improves the cycle life of the battery cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, 3μm≤h1≤h2≤40μm.

[0023] In some embodiments, 3μm≤h1≤7μm.

[0024] In some embodiments, 7μm≤h2≤40μm.

[0025] In some embodiments, the materials of the first base film and the second base film each independently include one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery device, including a single negative electrode-free battery cell according to the first aspect of this application.

[0027] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a single negative electrode-free battery cell according to the first aspect of this application or a battery device according to the second aspect of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery module shown in Figure 2.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0033] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are explained as follows: 1. Vehicle; 2. Battery unit; 3. Controller; 4. Motor; 5. Housing; 5a. First housing section; 5b. Second housing section; 5c. Reception space; 6. Battery module; 7. Battery cell. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following detailed description, with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings, specifically discloses embodiments of the battery cell, battery device, and power-consuming device of this application. However, unnecessary detailed descriptions may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repetitive descriptions of practically identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily lengthy descriptions and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this application and are not intended to limit the subject matter of the claims.

[0035] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is expected that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "ab" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article; "0-5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application may be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions should be considered to be included in the disclosure of this application.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions shall be deemed to be included in the disclosure of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or it may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the mention that the method may also include step (c) indicates that step (c) may be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or it may include steps (a), (c), and (b), or it may include steps (c), (a), and (b), etc.

[0039] Unless otherwise specified, in this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order or primary / secondary relationship.

[0040] In this application, the terms "multiple" or "various" refer to two or more kinds.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0042] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used in this application have the common meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0043] Unless otherwise stated, the values ​​of the parameters mentioned in this application can be determined using various testing methods commonly used in the art, for example, according to the testing methods given in the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise stated, the test temperature for each parameter is 25°C.

[0044] The battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery mentioned in this application can include battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs.

[0045] A single battery cell is the smallest unit that makes up a battery, and it can independently perform the functions of charging and discharging. When there are multiple battery cells, they are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections through a busbar.

[0046] In some embodiments, the battery device may be a battery module; when there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.

[0047] In some embodiments, the battery device may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and individual battery cells, with the individual battery cells or battery modules housed within the housing.

[0048] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0049] In some embodiments, the battery device may be an energy storage device. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0050] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to battery devices and electrical devices that use battery devices.

[0051] Battery devices can be used as the power source for electrical devices or as energy storage units for electrical devices. Electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile devices (such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc.), vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0052] Electrical devices can choose the type of battery device according to their usage needs, such as individual battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs.

[0053] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will use a vehicle as an example of an electrical device.

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0055] As shown in Figure 1, a battery device 2 is installed inside the vehicle 1. The battery device 2 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1. The battery device 2 can be used to power the vehicle 1; for example, the battery device 2 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1.

[0056] The vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4. The controller 3 is used to control the battery device 2 to supply power to the motor 4, for example, for the power needs of the vehicle 1 during starting, navigation and driving.

[0057] In some embodiments, the battery device 2 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.

[0058] Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the battery device 2 includes a housing 5 and a battery cell (not shown), with the battery cell housed within the housing 5.

[0059] The housing 5 is used to house individual battery cells, and the housing 5 can have various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 5 may include a first housing portion 5a and a second housing portion 5b, which overlap each other, and together define a housing space 5c for housing the individual battery cells. The second housing portion 5b may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first housing portion 5a may be a plate-like structure, with the first housing portion 5a covering the open side of the second housing portion 5b to form a housing 5 with the housing space 5c; alternatively, both the first housing portion 5a and the second housing portion 5b may be hollow structures with one side open, with the open side of the first housing portion 5a covering the open side of the second housing portion 5b to form a housing 5 with the housing space 5c. Of course, the first housing portion 5a and the second housing portion 5b can have various shapes, such as cylinders, cuboids, etc.

[0060] To improve the sealing performance after the first housing part 5a and the second housing part 5b are connected, a sealing element, such as sealant or sealing ring, can also be provided between the first housing part 5a and the second housing part 5b.

[0061] Assuming that the first box section 5a covers the top of the second box section 5b, the first box section 5a can also be called the upper box cover, and the second box section 5b can also be called the lower box.

[0062] In battery device 2, there can be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, they can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration. A mixed configuration means that multiple battery cells are connected in both series and parallel configurations. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration, and then the whole assembly of multiple battery cells is housed in housing 5. Alternatively, multiple battery cells can first be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form battery module 6, and then multiple battery modules 6 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed configuration to form a whole assembly, which is then housed in housing 5.

[0063] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the battery module shown in Figure 2.

[0064] As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments, there are multiple battery cells 7, which are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module 6. The multiple battery modules 6 are then connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole and housed in a casing.

[0065] Multiple battery cells 7 in battery module 6 can be electrically connected through a busbar component to achieve parallel, series, or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 7 in battery module 6.

[0066] The battery cell provided in this application embodiment is a negative electrode-free battery cell, which may include at least one of a negative electrode-free lithium metal battery cell and a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery cell.

[0067] A negative electrode-free battery cell typically refers to a battery cell in which no negative electrode active material layer is actively formed on the negative electrode side during the battery cell manufacturing process. For example, the negative electrode active material layer is not formed at the negative electrode through coating or deposition processes, or it is formed from a carbonaceous active material layer. During the first charge, ions gain electrons on the negative electrode side and deposit metal on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. During discharge, the metal can be converted back into ions and return to the positive electrode, achieving cyclic charging and discharging. Compared to other battery cells, a negative electrode-free battery cell can achieve a higher energy density due to the absence of a negative electrode active material layer. In some embodiments, to improve battery cell performance, some conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials, such as carbon materials, can also be placed on the negative electrode side of the negative electrode-free battery cell. Although these materials have a certain capacity, because their content is small and they are not used as the main negative electrode active material in the battery cell, such a battery cell can still be considered a negative electrode-free battery cell. The Cell Balance (CB) value of a negative electrode-free battery cell is typically very small; for example, in some embodiments, the CB value of a negative electrode-free battery cell can be less than or equal to 0.1. The CB value is the capacity per unit area of ​​the negative electrode divided by the capacity per unit area of ​​the positive electrode in the battery cell. Because a negative electrode-free battery cell contains little or no negative electrode active material, the capacity per unit area of ​​the negative electrode is small, and therefore the CB value is very small, typically less than or equal to 0.1.

[0068] The battery cell includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly can be a wound structure or a stacked structure, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0069] Electrode assemblies generally include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.

[0070] The separator is located between the positive and negative electrodes, serving to isolate them. To improve the separator's strength, a coating containing filler particles is typically applied to one or both sides. A binder (such as polyvinylidene fluoride) is added to the coating to bond and fix the filler particles. In a negative electrode-less battery cell, during charging, active ions (Li... + / Na +Electrons are gained on the negative electrode side and active metal (Li / Na metal) is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. Studies have found that because the binder in the separator surface coating contains a large number of active functional groups, and the deposited active metal has high reactivity, it will undergo side reactions with these active functional groups, consuming the deposited active metal and worsening gas production, leading to a decrease in the cycle performance of the battery cell and affecting its capacity. To improve the problem of the reaction between the binder and the active metal in the separator surface coating, the organic coating on the separator surface can be removed, and a bare separator structure design can be adopted. However, the bare separator has low strength and is easily punctured during the active metal deposition process, causing internal short circuits, which cannot meet the cycle life requirements of the negative electrode-less battery cell.

[0071] In view of this, this application provides a separator for use in a negative electrode-free battery cell. By optimizing the structural design of the separator, the reaction consumption of the separator surface coating on the negative electrode deposited active metal can be reduced, thereby improving the cycle performance of the battery cell.

[0072] [Isolation membrane]

[0073] In some embodiments, the separator membrane includes:

[0074] First base film;

[0075] The second base film is located between the first base film and the negative electrode plate, and the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode plate;

[0076] A first inorganic coating is located between a first base film and a second base film, and the first inorganic coating includes first inorganic particles.

[0077] According to embodiments of this application, an inorganic coating is disposed between the two base films, and the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode sheet. This allows the separator to have high puncture resistance while preventing the organic binder in the separator coating from contacting the active metal deposited on the negative electrode. This reduces side reactions during the active metal deposition process, thereby reducing the consumption of active metal during charge-discharge cycles, thus improving the capacity utilization and cycle performance of the negative electrodeless battery cell. Furthermore, the double-layer base film can increase the overall tortuosity of the separator, making dendrite growth more difficult and reducing the risk of dendrite growth puncturing the separator and causing internal short circuits in the battery cell, thereby improving the reliability and cycle performance of the battery cell.

[0078] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first inorganic coating can be 1 μm-3 μm, for example, it can be 1.0 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.7 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.9 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.1 μm, 2.2 μm, 2.3 μm, 2.4 μm, 2.5 μm, 2.6 μm, 2.7 μm, 2.8 μm, 2.9 μm, 3.0 μm, or any range of the above values. Optionally, the thickness of the first inorganic coating can be 1.5 μm-2 μm.

[0079] Limiting the thickness of the first inorganic coating to the above range can give the separator higher mechanical strength and further reduce the risk of dendrite growth puncturing the separator; at the same time, the thickness of the first inorganic coating within the above range can give active ions a suitable transport path, which is conducive to the rapid transport of active ions.

[0080] In some embodiments, the mass content of the first inorganic particles in the first inorganic coating can be 85%-95%, for example, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or any range of the above values. Optionally, the mass content of the first inorganic particles in the first inorganic coating can be 90%-92%.

[0081] The content of the first inorganic particles in the first inorganic coating is limited to the above range, which can make the separator membrane have high strength and maintain high porosity, so that the separator membrane can have both high mechanical strength and good ion transport performance.

[0082] In some embodiments, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particles 1 50 can be 0.2μm-0.5μm, for example, it can be 0.2μm, 0.3μm, 0.4μm, 0.5μm, or any range of the above values.

[0083] According to an embodiment of this application, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particles is defined. 1 Within the aforementioned range, 50 is beneficial for the first inorganic coating to have suitable porosity and tortuosity, thereby reducing the risk of dendrite growth piercing the separator and causing short circuits in the battery cells, and improving the reliability of the battery cells.

[0084] In some embodiments, the separator may further include a second inorganic coating located between the first base film and the positive electrode, the second inorganic coating comprising second inorganic particles.

[0085] By setting a second inorganic coating between the first base film and the positive electrode, the strength of the separator can be further improved, the risk of dendrite growth piercing the separator can be reduced, and the time for dendrites to reach the positive electrode can be further delayed, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit in the battery cell and improving the reliability and cycle performance of the battery cell.

[0086] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second inorganic coating can be 1 μm-3 μm, for example, it can be 1.0 μm, 1.0 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.3 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.7 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.9 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.1 μm, 2.2 μm, 2.3 μm, 2.4 μm, 2.5 μm, 2.6 μm, 2.7 μm, 2.8 μm, 2.9 μm, 3.0 μm, or any range of the above values. Optionally, the thickness of the second inorganic coating can be 1.5 μm-2 μm.

[0087] In some embodiments, the mass content of the second inorganic particles in the second inorganic coating can be 85%-95%, for example, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or any range of the above values. Optionally, the mass content of the second inorganic particles in the second inorganic coating can be 90%-92%.

[0088] The content of the second inorganic particles in the second inorganic coating is limited to the above range, which can make the separator membrane have high strength while maintaining high porosity, so that the separator membrane can have both high strength and good ion transport performance.

[0089] In some embodiments, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the second inorganic particles 2 50 is 0.04μm-0.16μm, for example, it can be 0.04μm, 0.05μm, 0.06μm, 0.07μm, 0.08μm, 0.09μm, 0.10μm, 0.11μm, 0.12μm, 0.13μm, 0.14μm, 0.15μm, 0.16μm, or any range of the above values.

[0090] By limiting the volume distribution particle size Dv of the second inorganic particles 2 Within the aforementioned range, 50 is beneficial for the second inorganic coating to have suitable porosity and tortuosity, thereby reducing the risk of dendrite growth piercing the separator and causing short circuits in the battery cells, and improving the reliability of the battery cells.

[0091] According to an embodiment of this application, by adjusting the volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particles... 1 50 is greater than the volume distribution particle size Dv of the second inorganic particle. 2A porosity of 50 helps to ensure that the separator has appropriate porosity and tortuosity, which can further reduce the risk of short circuits in battery cells caused by dendrites piercing the separator and improve the reliability of battery cells.

[0092] In this application, the volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particle is... 1 50 and the volume distribution of the second inorganic particles, particle size Dv 2 The 50 has a well-known meaning in the art, representing the particle size corresponding to a cumulative volume distribution percentage of 50% for inorganic particles, which can be measured using known methods and instruments. For example, it can be measured using a laser particle size analyzer (e.g., Malvern Master Size 3000) with reference to standard GB / T 19077-2016.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first inorganic particle and the second inorganic particle may each independently include one or more of boehmite, alumina, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, hafnium dioxide, cerium oxide, zirconium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium fluoride, and lead zirconate titanate.

[0094] The first inorganic particle and the second inorganic particle can be of the same type or different types; they can be chosen to be the same.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first inorganic coating may include a first adhesive, and the second inorganic coating may include a second adhesive. The first adhesive and the second adhesive may each independently include one or more of thermoplastic polypropylene (PP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene (PS), and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).

[0096] The binder is used to bond and fix inorganic particles, which can improve the stability of the inorganic coating, reduce the shedding of inorganic particles during charge-discharge cycles, and improve the cycle stability of the battery cells. The first binder and the second binder can be of the same type or different types, and can be selected to be the same.

[0097] In some embodiments, the porosity of the first base film is The porosity of the second base film is

[0098] According to the embodiments of this application, the second base film has a higher porosity, allowing the active metal to extend from the surface of the negative electrode sheet into the pores of the second base film during deposition. The higher porosity of the second base film facilitates the uniform deposition of the active metal, reduces dendrite formation, and lowers the risk of dendrites piercing the separator. By making the porosity of the first base film lower than that of the second base film to form a gradient porosity structure, the tortuosity of the separator is improved, further reducing the risk of dendrite growth piercing the separator and improving the reliability of the battery cell.

[0099] In some embodiments, For example, It can be 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, or any range of the above values.

[0100] In some embodiments, For example, It can be 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, or any range of the above values.

[0101] In this application, the porosity of the first base film and the second base film are both known in the art and can be obtained by known methods and instruments. For example, the porosity can be tested using a mercury porosimeter in accordance with GB / T21650.1-2008.

[0102] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first base film is h1, and the thickness of the second base film is h2, wherein h1 and h2 can satisfy: h1≤h2.

[0103] According to the embodiments of this application, increasing the thickness of the second base film helps to delay the time it takes for the negative electrode metal to reach the first inorganic coating, while increasing the amount of active metal that can be deposited in the pores of the second base film, further reducing the reaction between the active metal and the binder in the first inorganic coating, reducing the consumption of active metal, and thus improving the cycle life of the battery cell.

[0104] In some embodiments, 3μm≤h1≤7μm, for example, h1 can be 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, or any range of the above values.

[0105] In some embodiments, 7μm≤h2≤40μm, for example, h2 can be 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, or any range of the above values.

[0106] In some embodiments, the materials of the first base film and the second base film may each independently include one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0107] In some embodiments, the thickness of the isolation membrane can be 10μm-47μm, for example, it can be 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 42μm, 45μm, 47μm, or any range of the above values.

[0108] [Positive electrode plate]

[0109] In some embodiments, the positive electrode includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode film layer located on at least one side of the positive current collector, the positive electrode film layer including a positive active material.

[0110] As an example, the positive current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive current collector.

[0111] In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material may include one or more of lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, Prussian blue compounds, polyanionic compounds, and sodium transition metal oxide.

[0112] If the positive electrode active material is one or more of lithium phosphate and layered lithium transition metal oxide, then the positive electrode active material can be used in lithium-ion battery cells; if the positive electrode active material is one or more of Prussian blue compounds, polyanionic compounds, and sodium transition metal oxide, then the positive electrode material can be used in sodium-ion battery cells.

[0113] Lithium-containing phosphates may include one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and their respective modified compounds.

[0114] Examples of layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides may include one or more of lithium cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxides, lithium manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt oxides, lithium manganese cobalt oxides, lithium nickel manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxides, and their respective modified compounds.

[0115] In some embodiments, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide may include Ni. The molar amount of Ni may account for more than 70% of the total molar amount of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide; optionally, the molar amount of Ni may account for more than 80% of the total molar amount of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide; more preferably, the molar amount of Ni may account for more than 90% of the total molar amount of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide.

[0116] The higher the Ni content in layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides, the higher the energy density of the battery cell.

[0117] In some embodiments, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides may include Li a Ni b CO c M d O e A f Wherein, 0 < a ≤ 1.2; 0.8 ≤ b < 1; 0 < c < 1; 0 < d < 1; b + c + d = 1; 1 ≤ e ≤ 2; 0 ≤ f ≤ 1; M includes, but is not limited to, one or more of Mn, Al, Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and B; A includes, but is not limited to, one or more of N, F, S, and Cl. This can further improve the energy density of individual battery cells.

[0118] In some embodiments, as an example, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, LiNi. 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O2, LiNi 0.9 Co 0.06 Mn 0.04 O2, LiNi 0.92 Co 0.06 Mn 0.02 O2, LiNi 0.96 Co 0.02 Mn 0.02 O2, LiNi 0.96 Co 0.02 Mn 0.02 O2N 0.02 One or more of them.

[0119] During the charging and discharging process of a battery cell, Li undergoes insertion / extraction and consumption, resulting in varying molar Li content at different discharge states. In the examples of positive electrode active materials in this application, the molar Li content refers to the initial state of the material, i.e., the state before feeding. After charge-discharge cycles, the molar Li content may change when the positive electrode active material is applied to the battery cell.

[0120] In some embodiments, as an example, sodium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to:

[0121] Na 1-x Cu h Fe k Mn l M 1 m O 2-y M 1 It is one or more of Li, Be, B, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, In, Sn and Ba, 0 < x ≤ 0.33, 0 < h < 0.24, 0 ≤ k ≤ 0.32, 0 < l ≤ 0.68, 0 ≤ m < 0.1, h + k + l + m = 1, 0 ≤ y < 0.2;

[0122] Na 0.67 Mn 0.7 Ni z M 2 0.3-z O2, where M 2 It is one or more of Li, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ba, where 0 < z ≤ 0.1;

[0123] Na a Li b Ni c Mn d Fe e O2, where 0.67 < a ≤ 1, 0 < b < 0.2, 0 < c < 0.3, 0.67 < d + e < 0.8, and b + c + d + e = 1.

[0124] In some embodiments, as an example, the polyanionic compound may include, but is not limited to:

[0125] A 1 f M 3 g (PO4) i O j X 1 3-j, Where A is one or more of H, Li, Na, K, and NH4, and M 3It is one or more of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cu and Zn, X 1 It is one or more of F, Cl and Br, 0 < f ≤ 4, 0 < g ≤ 2, 1 ≤ i ≤ 3, 0 ≤ j ≤ 2;

[0126] Na n M 4 PO4X 2 M4 is one or more of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, and X 2 It is one or more of F, Cl and Br, where 0 < n ≤ 2;

[0127] Na p M 5 q (SO4)3, where M 5 It is one or more of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, 0 < p ≤ 2, 0 < q ≤ 2;

[0128] Na s Mn t Fe 3-t (PO4)2(P2O7), where 0<s≤4, 0≤t≤3, for example, t is 0, 1, 1.5, 2 or 3.

[0129] In some embodiments, as an example, Prussian blue compounds may include, but are not limited to:

[0130] A u M 6 v [M7(CN)6] w ·xH2O, where A is H + NH4 + M is one or more of alkali metal cations and alkaline earth metal cations. 6 and M 7 Each is independently one or more transition metal cations, 0 < u ≤ 2, 0 < v ≤ 1, 0 < w ≤ 1, 0 < x < 6. For example, A is H. + Li + Na + K + NH4 + 、Rb + Cs + 、Fr + Be 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ 、Sr 2+ Ba 2+ and Ra 2+ One or more of them, M 6and M 7 Each is an independently selected cation of one or more transition metal elements chosen from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and W. Optionally, A is Li. + Na + and K + One or more of them, M 6 It is a cation of one or more transition metal elements selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, M 7 It is a cation of one or more transition metal elements selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu.

[0131] In the examples of positive electrode active materials in this application, the molar content of O is only a theoretical value. Oxygen release from the crystal lattice will cause the molar content of O to change, and the actual molar content of O will fluctuate.

[0132] The modified compounds for the above-mentioned positive electrode active materials can be obtained by doping and / or surface coating of the positive electrode active materials.

[0133] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer may optionally include a binder. As an example, the binder may include one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PVDF-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, PVDF-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and fluorinated acrylate resins.

[0134] In some implementations, the weight percentage of the binder in the positive electrode film layer is greater than or equal to 0.5%, which is beneficial for obtaining good adhesion performance.

[0135] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer further includes a conductive agent. As an example, the conductive agent may include one or more of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0136] In some embodiments, the positive current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, aluminum foil may be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer substrate and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer substrate. The composite current collector may be made by forming a metal material, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy, on the polymer substrate. The polymer substrate may include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), and other substrates.

[0137] In some embodiments, the thickness of the positive current collector is from 4 μm to 20 μm. It is optionally from 6 μm to 18 μm, and more preferably from 8 μm to 16 μm.

[0138] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet can be prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned components for preparing the positive electrode sheet, such as positive active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, in a solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; coating the positive electrode slurry onto the positive electrode current collector, and then obtaining the positive electrode sheet after drying, cold pressing and other processes.

[0139] [Negative electrode plate]

[0140] In some embodiments, the negative electrode includes a negative current collector.

[0141] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet may include a conductive coating located on at least one side of the surface of the negative electrode current collector.

[0142] In some embodiments, the conductive coating may include a negative electrode conductive agent. As an example, the negative electrode conductive agent may include, but is not limited to, one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0143] In some embodiments, the conductive coating may also include other additives. For example, other additives may include thickeners, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), PTC thermistor materials, etc.

[0144] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. Examples of metal foils include copper foil, copper alloy foil, aluminum foil, and aluminum alloy foil. The composite current collector may include a polymeric material substrate and a metal material layer formed on at least one side of the polymeric material substrate. Examples of metal materials include, but are not limited to, one or more of copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver, and silver alloys. Examples of polymeric material substrates include, but are not limited to, one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE).

[0145] The negative electrode sheet does not exclude other additional functional layers besides the conductive coating. For example, in some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet may also include a protective layer covering the surface of the conductive coating.

[0146] [Electrolytes]

[0147] A single battery cell includes an electrolyte.

[0148] In some embodiments, the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution, which includes an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent.

[0149] In some embodiments, the electrolyte includes anion, which may include bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion (FSI). - ), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI) - ), dioxaborate anion (BOB) - ), difluorooxalate borate anion (DFOB) - ), difluorodioxanol phosphate anion (DFOP) - ), tetrafluorooxalate phosphate anion (TFOP) - ), difluorophosphate anion (PO2F2) - ), hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6) - ), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4) - ), hexafluoroarsenate anion (AsF6) - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (CF3SO3) - One or more of the following.

[0150] In some embodiments, the electrolyte includes cations, which may include one or more of lithium ions and sodium ions.

[0151] In some embodiments, the concentration of the electrolyte salt may be 0.3 mol / L or higher, optionally 0.7 mol / L or higher, and further optionally 4 mol / L or lower, optionally 2.5 mol / L or lower, or 1.7 mol / L or lower. When the concentration of the electrolyte salt is within the above range, the electrolyte can have a suitable ionic conductivity.

[0152] Organic solvents may include, but are not limited to, one or more of esters, ethers, sulfones, and nitriles. Esters may include, but are not limited to, one or more of carbonates, phosphate esters, carboxylic esters, sulfate esters, and sulfonates. Carbonates may include cyclic carbonates and / or chain carbonates; optionally, carbonates may include both cyclic and chain carbonates. Chain carbonates may include low-viscosity polar chain carbonates, aliphatic branched carbonates, etc.

[0153] As an example, organic solvents may include, but are not limited to, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butenyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), butylene carbonate (BC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (PA), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), propyl propionate (PP), methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate (EB), 1,4-butyrolactone (GBL), sulfolane (SF), dimethyl sulfone (MSM), methyl ethyl sulfone (EMS), diethyl sulfone (ESE), dimethyl ether tetraethylene glycol (TEGDME), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), trimethyl phosphate, 3-methoxypropionitrile, H(CF2)2OCH3, C4F9O CH3, H(CF2)2OCH2CH3, H(CF2)2OCH2CF3, H(CF2)2CH2O(CF2)2H, CF3CHFCF2OCH3, CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3, 2-trifluoromethylhexafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2-trifluoromethylhexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 2-trifluoromethylhexafluoropropyl propyl ether, 3-trifluoromethyloctafluorobutyl methyl ether, 3-trifluoromethyloctafluorobutyl ethyl ether, 3-trifluoromethyloctafluorobutyl propyl ether, 4-trifluoromethyl One or more of the following: decafluoropentyl methyl ether, 4-trifluoromethyl decafluoropentyl ethyl ether, 4-trifluoromethyl decafluoropentyl propyl ether, 5-trifluoromethyl dodecylfluorohexyl methyl ether, 5-trifluoromethyl dodecylfluorohexyl ethyl ether, 5-trifluoromethyl dodecylfluorohexyl propyl ether, 6-trifluoromethyl tetradecafluoroheptyl methyl ether, 6-trifluoromethyl tetradecafluoroheptyl ethyl ether, 6-trifluoromethyl tetradecafluoroheptyl propyl ether, 7-trifluoromethyl hexadecylfluorooctyl methyl ether, 7-trifluoromethyl hexadecylfluorooctyl ethyl ether, and 7-trifluoromethyl hexadecylfluorooctyl propyl ether.

[0154] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may optionally include additives. For example, the additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain battery performance, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve battery high-temperature performance, additives that improve battery low-temperature power performance, etc.

[0155] Example

[0156] The following embodiments describe the disclosure of this application in more detail. These embodiments are merely illustrative, as various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosure of this application. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following embodiments are based on mass, and all reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing, and the instruments used in the embodiments are commercially available.

[0157] Example 1

[0158] Positive electrode sheet

[0159] The positive electrode active material sodium iron pyrophosphate, the conductive agent carbon black (Super P), and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were thoroughly mixed in the solvent N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at a weight ratio of 90:5:5 to form a uniform positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was then coated onto the surface of the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil at a coating weight of 12 mg / cm². 2 After drying and cold pressing, a positive electrode sheet is obtained.

[0160] Negative electrode sheet

[0161] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) were thoroughly mixed in deionized water at a weight ratio of 1:1 to form an interface modification layer slurry. The interface modification layer slurry was coated on the surface of the copper foil of the negative electrode current collector with a coating thickness of 5 μm. After drying, the negative electrode sheet was obtained.

[0162] Separating membrane

[0163] First inorganic particles and first binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a first inorganic slurry. Second inorganic particles and second binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a second inorganic slurry. The first inorganic slurry and the second inorganic slurry are respectively sprayed onto both sides of a first base film polyethylene film. After drying, a first inorganic coating and a second inorganic coating are formed on both sides of the first base film to obtain a composite base film.

[0164] The second base film polyethylene film is laminated with the composite base film prepared above, so that the second base film is tightly attached to the first inorganic coating side, and after rolling, a separation film is obtained.

[0165] The specific parameters of the first inorganic particles, the second inorganic particles, the first base film, and the second base film are detailed in Table 1.

[0166] electrolyte

[0167] Fully dried NaPF6 was dissolved in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME) to prepare an electrolyte solution with a NaPF6 concentration of 1 mol / L.

[0168] battery cell

[0169] The positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator are stacked in sequence, with the second base film attached to the negative electrode and the second inorganic coating attached to the positive electrode. Electrolyte is then injected to obtain a negative electrode-free battery cell.

[0170] Example 2-16

[0171] The preparation method of the battery cell is similar to that in Example 1, except that the parameters of the separator are adjusted. For details of the parameter adjustments, please refer to Table 1.

[0172] Comparative Example 1

[0173] The preparation method of the battery cell is similar to that in Example 1, except that the parameters of the separator are different. Specifically, it is prepared by the following method:

[0174] Inorganic alumina particles and PEG binder were mixed at a mass ratio of 90:10 to obtain a separator slurry. The separator slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of a polyethylene base film with a thickness of 13 μm and a porosity of 45%. After drying and rolling, a coating was formed with a thickness of 4 μm on one side, thus obtaining the separator film.

[0175] Comparative Example 2

[0176] The preparation method of the battery cell is similar to that in Example 1, except that a polyethylene film with a thickness of 13 μm is used as the separator.

[0177] Test section

[0178] 1. Capacity

[0179] The battery cell was charged at a constant current rate of 0.1C to 3.65V, then charged at a constant voltage of 3.65V to 0.05C, left to stand for 30 minutes, and discharged at a constant current rate of 0.1C to 1.5V. The discharge capacity of the battery cell was recorded. The ratio of the discharge capacity of the battery cell to the mass of the positive electrode active material was recorded as the specific capacity of the battery cell.

[0180] 2. Cyclic performance

[0181] Charge the battery cell at a constant current rate of 0.1C to 3.65V, then charge it at a constant voltage of 3.65V to 0.05C, let it stand for 30 minutes, discharge it at a constant current rate of 1C to 1.5V, let it stand for 30 minutes, and record the discharge capacity of the battery cell as C0; cycle the battery cell through the above method and record the number of cycles in which the battery cell has an internal short circuit.

[0182] 3. Gas production test

[0183] The battery cells were charged at a constant current of 0.33C to 3.65V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 3.65V to 0.05C. The battery cells were then placed in a high-temperature chamber at 60℃ for 30 days, and the amount of gas change in the system was measured.

[0184] The test results are detailed in Table 2.

[0185] Table 2

[0186] Based on the data in Table 2, this application embodiment, by adjusting the structural design of the separator and removing the organic coating on the side of the separator close to the negative electrode, can significantly reduce the side reactions of the active metal, reduce the gas production of the battery cell, and improve the cycle performance of the battery cell.

[0187] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A negative electrode-free battery cell, comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, wherein the separator is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the separator comprises: First base film; The second base film is located between the first base film and the negative electrode sheet, and the second base film is in direct contact with the negative electrode sheet; A first inorganic coating is located between the first base film and the second base film, and the first inorganic coating includes first inorganic particles.

2. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the first inorganic coating is 1μm-3μm.

3. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The mass content of the first inorganic particles in the first inorganic coating is 85%-95%.

4. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The volume distribution particle size Dv of the first inorganic particle 1 50 is 0.2μm-0.5μm.

5. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The separator further includes a second inorganic coating, which is located between the first base film and the positive electrode sheet, and the second inorganic coating includes second inorganic particles.

6. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 5, wherein, The thickness of the second inorganic coating is 1μm-3μm.

7. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The mass content of the second inorganic particles in the second inorganic coating is 85%-95%.

8. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 5-7, wherein, The volume distribution particle size Dv of the second inorganic particles 2 50 is 0.04μm-0.16μm.

9. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 5-8, wherein, The first inorganic particle and the second inorganic particle each independently comprise one or more of the following: boehmite, alumina, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, silicon oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, hafnium dioxide, cerium oxide, zirconium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium fluoride, and lead zirconate titanate.

10. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 5-9, wherein, The first inorganic coating includes a first adhesive, and the second inorganic coating includes a second adhesive. The first adhesive and the second adhesive each independently include one or more of thermoplastic polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber.

11. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 5-10, wherein, The porosity of the first base film is The porosity of the second base film is 12. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 11, wherein, And / or, 13. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, The thickness of the first base film is h1, and the thickness of the second base film is h2, where h1 ≤ h2.

14. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 13, wherein, 3μm≤h1≤h2≤40μm.

15. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to claim 14, wherein, 3μm≤h1≤7μm; and / or, 7μm≤h2≤40μm.

16. The negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The materials of the first base film and the second base film each independently include one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyethylene terephthalate.

17. A battery device comprising a non-negative electrode battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. An electrical device comprising a single negative electrode-free battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or a battery device according to claim 17.

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