Communication method and apparatus, and storage medium

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a communication method and apparatus, and a storage medium, which facilitate a flexible configuration for a postamble and an improvement in the decoding performance regarding a PDRCH. The method comprises: on the basis of a TBS of data and a first threshold, determining to send a preamble, the data and a postamble, or determining to send the preamble and the data; when it is determined to send the preamble, the data and the postamble, sending the preamble, the data and the postamble, wherein the preamble is sent prior to the data, and the data is sent prior to the postamble; or, when it is determined to send the preamble and the data, sending the preamble and the data, wherein the preamble is sent prior to the data.

Description

Communication methods, devices and storage media

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510126342.6, filed on January 27, 2025, entitled "Communication Method, Apparatus and Storage Medium", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a communication method, apparatus, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0003] To meet ultra-low power requirements, devices in the Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) (referred to as AIoT devices) use low-precision, low-power, mid-to-low frequency ring oscillators or completely oscillator-less receivers to receive downlink signals from readers. This receiving method reduces the downlink reception power consumption of AIoT devices. For this type of low-power receiving method, amplitude detection, such as envelope detection, can be performed because low-precision ring oscillators cannot guarantee accurate demodulation of signal phase information.

[0004] The channel between the device-to-reader (D2R) is called the physical D2R channel (PDRCH), and the preamble can be sent before the PDRCH. The preamble is used to estimate the sampling frequency offset (SFO) and to perform channel estimation. The device in this context is an Internet of Things (IoT) device, such as an AIoT device.

[0005] However, using preambles for SFO estimation and / or channel estimation cannot maintain reliable decoding performance for different data transport block sizes (TBS). Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method, apparatus, and storage medium that are beneficial for improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0007] Firstly, a communication method is provided, which can be applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a communication module in an IoT device, or a circuit or chip in an IoT device responsible for communication functions. The following description uses the application of this method to an IoT device as an example.

[0008] The method includes: determining, based on the data's TBS and a first threshold, a preamble, the data, and a postcode to be transmitted; or, determining a preamble and the data to be transmitted; if it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postcode to be transmitted, transmitting the preamble, the data, and the postcode, wherein the preamble is transmitted before the data and the data is transmitted before the postcode; or, if it is determined that the preamble and the data to be transmitted, transmitting the preamble and the data, wherein the preamble is transmitted before the data.

[0009] The preamble can be used to synchronize the clocks between the data transmitter and receiver. It is a known sequence, and the receiver can determine the start time of the data by detecting the preamble, thereby achieving clock synchronization. The preamble can also be used for channel estimation.

[0010] This postcode can be used to identify the end position of the data and to perform channel estimation.

[0011] This first threshold can be predefined by the protocol or indicated by the reader / writer.

[0012] In this application, the IoT device determines whether to send the postcode based on the data's TBS and a first threshold. Compared to the method of using a preamble for SFO estimation and channel estimation regardless of the data's TBS size, combining the preamble and postcode is beneficial for achieving accurate SFO estimation and improving the accuracy of channel estimation, thereby improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, determining to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold, or determining to send the preamble and the data, includes: if the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, determining to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or if the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, determining to send the preamble and the data.

[0014] If the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the TBS of the data is large. Therefore, the residual SFO accumulation time offset will affect the decoding performance of PDRCH, and the channel estimation using the preamble will not be accurate enough, resulting in poor PDRCH decoding performance. Therefore, the IoT device can send the postamble after the data, so that the reader can calibrate the sampling frequency of the IoT device based on the time domain positions of the preamble and the postamble. This allows the reader to decode PDRCH according to the determined sampling frequency, which helps to improve the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0015] If the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, it means that the TBS of the data is small. Therefore, the preamble can be used to determine a more accurate SFO and obtain a more accurate channel estimation result. Therefore, IoT devices can send the preamble and the data, that is, without sending the postamble. This can save signaling overhead while ensuring the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, determining to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold, or determining to send the preamble and the data, includes: determining to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate codes, or determining to send the preamble and the data.

[0017] In this application, the IoT device, after determining whether to send a preamble and an intermembrane, further determines whether to send a postamble. The intermembrane, located in the middle of the data, can be used for channel estimation and correction. In longer data streams, the intermembrane helps the receiver assess and adjust the channel state during data transmission.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, determining the transmission of the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate preambles, or determining the transmission of the preamble and the data, includes: in In the case of, determine to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, in In this case, the preamble and the data are determined to be sent; where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermembrane codes, and the first intermembrane code is preceded by the first part of the data, and the second intermembrane code is followed by the first intermembrane code.

[0019] Understandably, the mid-prefix is ​​located in the middle of the data. `num_mid` mid-prefixes can divide the data into `num_mid+1` equal parts. The number of bits in each part (or the number of bits in the last part) is compared to a first threshold. If the number of bits in each part is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the number of bits in each part is large, and a post-prefix needs to be sent for a more accurate SFO estimation and channel estimation. Conversely, if the number of bits in each part is less than or equal to the first threshold, it indicates that the number of bits in each part is small, and a relatively accurate SFO and channel estimation result can be determined without sending a post-prefix.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the postcode is used to identify the end position of the data.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving first information, the first information being used to indicate a first threshold. The first information may be considered as a field, or the first information may include a first field, the first field being used to indicate the first threshold.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving second information, the second information being used to indicate whether the number of bits of the postcode is fixed.

[0023] The number of bits in the postcode can also be described as the length of the postcode.

[0024] Whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed can also be described as whether the number of bits in the postcode is variable.

[0025] The second information can be viewed as a single field, or the second information includes a second field that indicates the length of the postcode.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode. This is easy to implement.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of bits in the postcode is fixed at Y bits. This is easy to implement.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving third information, the third information being used to indicate the number of bits in the postcode. This provides a more flexible way to configure the number of bits in the postcode.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of bits of the postcode satisfies one of the following formulas:

[0030] or,

[0031] Where `length_postamble` represents the number of bits in the postamble, `A` represents the first threshold, `B` represents the data's TBS, `num_mid` represents the number of intermediate preambles, and `C` represents the number of bits in the preamble. The number of bits in the preamble can also be described as its length.

[0032] In this application, the IoT device can determine the number of bits of the postcode based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate codes. In this way, the number of bits of the postcode is no longer fixed, but can be flexibly changed according to the TBS of the data. For example, when the TBS of the data is large, the number of bits of the postcode is large, and when the TBS of the data is small, the number of bits of the postcode is small. This way, the decoding performance can be kept consistent for different TBS of the data.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the postcode is the inverted sequence of the precode. This helps to distinguish between the precode and the postcode, enabling the reader to more accurately locate the end position of the data.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the postcode is determined based on one or more of the following identifiers: the identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader / writer, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs. This helps to distinguish between the preamble and the postcode, enabling the reader / writer to more accurately locate the end position of the data. It also helps to distinguish postcodes sent by different IoT devices.

[0035] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be applied to a reader / writer, a communication module within a reader / writer, or a circuit or chip within a reader / writer responsible for communication functions. The following description uses the application of this method to a reader / writer as an example. The reader / writer can be, for example, a network device or a terminal device.

[0036] The method includes: determining a preamble, the data, and a postamble based on the data's TBS and a first threshold; or, determining a preamble and the data; if it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postamble will be received, receiving the preamble, the data, and the postamble, wherein the preamble is received before the data and the data is received before the postamble; or, if it is determined that the preamble and the data will be received, receiving the preamble and the data, wherein the preamble is received before the data.

[0037] For a description of the functions of the preamble and postamble, please refer to the description in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

[0038] The first threshold can be predefined by the protocol or determined by the reader / writer.

[0039] In this application, the reader determines whether to receive the postcode based on the data's TBS and a first threshold. Compared to the method of using a preamble for SFO estimation and channel estimation regardless of the data's TBS size, combining the preamble and postcode is beneficial for achieving accurate SFO estimation and improving the accuracy of channel estimation, thereby improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0040] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, determining to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold, or determining to receive the preamble and the data, includes: if the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, determining to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or if the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, determining to receive the preamble and the data.

[0041] If the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the TBS of the data is large. Therefore, the residual SFO accumulation time offset will affect the decoding performance of PDRCH, and the channel estimation using the preamble will not be accurate enough, resulting in poor PDRCH decoding performance. Therefore, when the IoT device and the reader determine that the postamble is to be transmitted, the reader can receive the postamble after the data. This allows the reader to calibrate the sampling frequency of the IoT device based on the time domain positions of the preamble and the postamble. Consequently, the reader can decode PDRCH according to the determined sampling frequency, which helps to improve the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0042] If the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, it means that the TBS of the data is small. Therefore, the preamble can be used to determine a more accurate SFO and obtain a more accurate channel estimation result. Thus, if the IoT device and the reader determine not to transmit the postamble, the reader can receive the preamble and the data, that is, not the postamble. This can save signaling overhead while ensuring the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0043] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, determining to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data and the first threshold, or determining to receive the preamble and the data, includes: determining to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate codes, or determining to receive the preamble and the data.

[0044] In this application, the reader, after determining whether to receive the preamble and intermembrane, further determines whether to receive the postamble. An introduction to the intermembrane can be found in the description in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0045] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, determining the reception of the preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate preambles, or determining the reception of the preamble and the data, includes: in In the case of receiving the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, in In this case, the preamble and the data are determined to be received; where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermediate preambles, and the first part of the data is before the first intermediate preamble and the second part of the data is after the first intermediate preamble.

[0046] Understandably, the mid-prefix is ​​located in the middle of the data. `num_mid` mid-prefixes can divide the data into `num_mid+1` equal parts. The number of bits in each part (or the number of bits in the last part) is compared to a first threshold. If the number of bits in each part is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the number of bits in each part is large, and a post-prefix needs to be sent for a more accurate estimation of the SFO and channel estimation. Conversely, if the number of bits in each part is less than or equal to the first threshold, it indicates that the number of bits in each part is small, and a more accurate SFO and channel estimation result can be determined without receiving a post-prefix.

[0047] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the postcode is used to identify the end position of the data.

[0048] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes: sending first information, the first information being used to indicate a first threshold. The first information can be considered as a field, or the first information includes a first field, the first field being used to indicate the first threshold.

[0049] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes: sending a second message, the second message being used to indicate whether the number of bits of the postcode is fixed.

[0050] The number of bits in the postcode can also be described as the length of the postcode. Whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed can also be described as whether the number of bits in the postcode is variable.

[0051] The second information can be viewed as a single field, or the second information includes a second field that indicates the length of the postcode.

[0052] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode. This is easy to implement.

[0053] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the number of bits in the postcode is fixed at Y bits. This is easy to implement.

[0054] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes sending third information, which indicates the number of bits in the postcode. This provides a more flexible way to configure the number of bits in the postcode.

[0055] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the number of bits of the postcode satisfies one of the following formulas:

[0056] or,

[0057] Where `length_postamble` represents the number of bits in the postamble, `A` represents the first threshold, `B` represents the data's TBS, `num_mid` represents the number of intermediate preambles, and `C` represents the number of bits in the preamble. The number of bits in the preamble can also be described as its length.

[0058] In this application, the IoT device can determine the number of bits of the postcode based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate codes. In this way, the number of bits of the postcode is no longer fixed, but can be flexibly changed according to the TBS of the data. For example, when the TBS of the data is large, the number of bits of the postcode is large, and when the TBS of the data is small, the number of bits of the postcode is small. This is beneficial to maintain consistent decoding performance for different TBS of data.

[0059] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the postcode is the inverted sequence of the precode. This helps to distinguish between the precode and the postcode, enabling the reader to more accurately locate the end position of the data.

[0060] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the postcode is determined based on one or more of the following identifiers: the identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader / writer, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs. This helps to distinguish between the preamble and the postcode, enabling the reader / writer to more accurately locate the end position of the data. It also helps to distinguish postcodes sent by different IoT devices.

[0061] It should be understood that the second aspect of this application corresponds to the technical solution of the first aspect of this application, and the beneficial effects achieved by each aspect and the corresponding feasible implementation are similar, and will not be repeated here.

[0062] Thirdly, a communication apparatus is provided for executing the method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects. Specifically, the apparatus includes a module for executing the method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0063] In one design, the device may include modules that perform the methods / operations / steps / actions described in any of the above aspects. These modules may be hardware circuits, software, or a combination of hardware circuits and software.

[0064] In another design, the device is a communication chip, which may include input circuitry or interface for transmitting information or data, and output circuitry or interface for receiving information or data.

[0065] In another design, the device is an Internet of Things (IoT) device or reader, which may include a transmitter for sending information or data and a receiver for receiving information or data.

[0066] In another design, the device is used to perform the methods in any of the possible implementations of any of the above aspects, and the device can be configured in an Internet of Things device or a reader / writer.

[0067] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor for retrieving and running a computer program from a memory, such that the device performs the method in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0068] Optionally, the device further includes a memory for storing instructions and data. The memory is coupled to the processor, which, when executing the instructions stored in the memory, can implement the methods described in the foregoing aspects.

[0069] Optionally, the device may also include a transmitter and a receiver, which may be separate or integrated together and referred to as a transceiver.

[0070] Fifthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions), which, when run, causes a computer to perform a method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0071] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0072] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a chip system including at least one processor for supporting the implementation of the functions involved in any of the above aspects, such as receiving or processing data involved in the above methods.

[0073] In one possible design, the chip system also includes a memory for storing program instructions and data, which may be located within or outside the processor.

[0074] Optionally, the chip system may consist of chips or may include chips and other discrete components. Attached Figure Description

[0075] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system used in the embodiments of this application;

[0076] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an O-RAN system;

[0077] Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the functional division of network elements and the structure of the protocol layer in the O-RAN system.

[0078] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of an RFID tag and an RFID reader.

[0079] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the physical channel between an IoT device and a reader / writer;

[0080] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of a PDRCH transmission;

[0081] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a physical network device connecting to a reader through an intermediate node;

[0082] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the transmission positions of the preamble, intermediate pilot, and postamble;

[0084] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figures 11 and 12 are schematic block diagrams of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0087] Before introducing the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, the following points should be made first.

[0088] First, in the embodiments shown below, the terms and English abbreviations, such as TBS, PDRCH, preamble, postamble, etc., are merely exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0089] Second, in the embodiments shown below, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations are merely for descriptive convenience to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and purpose. For example, "first information" and "second information" are only used to distinguish different information and do not limit their order, nor are they used to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first," "second," etc., are not necessarily different.

[0090] Third, "at least one" means one or more, while "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or b, or c, or a and b, or a and c, or b and c, or a, b, and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0091] Fourth, in this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, explicit and implicit instructions, and instructions used for determination. When describing certain instruction information to indicate A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, directly indicates A, or indirectly indicates A. In this application, the information indicated by the instruction information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementation, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a correlation between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. Furthermore, the information to be instructed can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information to be sent separately, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information can be the same or different. This application does not limit the specific method of instruction. It is understood that, for the sender of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to indicate the information to be indicated, and for the receiver of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to determine the information to be indicated.

[0092] The information in this application is used to indicate one or more contents, or it may be replaced with the information indicating one or more contents, or the information including one or more contents.

[0093] Fifth, in this application, "when," "if," and "if" all refer to the device taking corresponding actions under certain objective circumstances, not to a time limit, nor do they require the device to perform a judgment action, nor do they imply any other limitations. Unless otherwise specified, "if" and "if" are interchangeable, and "when" and "under the circumstances" are interchangeable. "When" is interchangeable with "if" / "if."

[0094] Sixth, in this application, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate that they are examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0095] Seventh, "Sending information / data" only indicates the direction of information / data transmission, including direct transmission via the device's communication interface (such as an air interface). "Sending" can also be understood as the "output" of the module interface. "Sending" can include indirect transmission by the processing unit through the communication interface, that is, after the processing unit outputs information / data through the module interface, it is transmitted to the device's communication interface and then sent out. "Receiving information / data" only indicates the direction of information / data transmission, including direct reception via the communication interface. "Receiving" can also be understood as the "input" of the module interface. "Receiving information / data" can include indirect reception by the processing unit through the communication interface, that is, after the communication interface receives information / data, it is transmitted to the module interface of the processing unit and then input to the processing unit. "Sending information / data to… (such as a terminal device)" can be understood as the destination of the information being the terminal device. It can include sending information / data directly or indirectly to the terminal device. "Receiving information / data from… (such as a terminal device)" can be understood as the source of the information being the terminal device, and can include receiving information / data directly or indirectly from the terminal device. Information / data may undergo necessary processing, such as format changes, between the source and destination, but the destination can understand the valid information / data from the source. Similar statements in this application can be understood in a similar way, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between terminal devices and network devices; or they can occur within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within a device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0097] Eighth, in this application, the solutions in each embodiment can be used in a reasonable combination, and the explanations or descriptions of various terms, similar operations, or steps appearing in the embodiments can be referenced or explained to each other in the various embodiments, without limitation.

[0098] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system applied in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a possible, non-limiting system architecture. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 includes a radio access network (RAN) 10 and a core network (CN) 20. Optionally, the communication system 100 also includes the Internet 30. The RAN 10 may include at least one access network device (110a and 110b in Figure 1) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1). The terminal is wirelessly connected to the access network device, and the access network device is wirelessly or wiredly connected to the core network 20. The core network device and the access network device may be independent and different physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logical functions of the access network device may be integrated on the same physical device, or a single physical device may integrate some of the functions of the core network device and some of the functions of the access network device. Terminals and access network devices may be interconnected via wired or wireless means. Figure 1 is just a schematic diagram. The communication system may also include other access network devices, such as wireless relay devices and wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in Figure 1.

[0099] The radio access network 10 can be a cellular system related to the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), such as a 4th generation mobile communication technology (4G) system (also known as a long term evolution (LTE) system), a 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) system (also known as a new radio (NR) system), or it can be applied to future mobile communication systems or other similar communication systems, without specific limitations. The radio access network 10 can also be an open radio access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN) or a cloud radio access network (CRAN). The radio access network 10 can also be a non-terrestrial network (NTN), a satellite communication network, a high altitude platform station (HAPS) communication network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) communication network, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) communication network, etc. The wireless access network 10 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0100] Access network devices are nodes in a radio access network, also known as RAN nodes or RAN equipment. Access network devices assist terminals in achieving wireless access. Multiple access network devices in communication system 100 can be nodes of the same type or different types.

[0101] In one possible scenario, access network equipment can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmitting and receiving point (TRP), a transmitting point (TP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a next-generation base station in a 6G mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, an access point (AP) in a satellite, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or access network equipment in a mobile switching center non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication system. This means it can be deployed on high-altitude platforms or satellites. Access network equipment can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Access network equipment can also function as a base station in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, drone communication, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Optionally, access network equipment can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0102] In another possible scenario, multiple access network devices collaborate to assist terminals in achieving wireless access, with each access network device implementing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, access network devices can be control units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs). CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). It is understood that access network devices can be CU nodes, DU nodes, or devices comprising both CU and DU nodes. Furthermore, CUs can be classified as access network devices within the RAN (RAN) or as access network devices within the core network; no restrictions are placed here.

[0103] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an O-RAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0104] Terminal equipment is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, capable of sending signals to or receiving signals from access network equipment. Terminal equipment can also be referred to as terminal devices, terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile stations, mobile terminals, etc.

[0105] For example, terminal devices include handheld devices and in-vehicle devices with wireless connectivity. Currently, terminal devices can include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices (such as smartwatches, smart bracelets, pedometers, smart glasses, etc.), in-vehicle devices (such as cars, bicycles, electric vehicles, airplanes, ships, trains, high-speed trains, etc.), satellite terminals, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, point of sale (POS) machines, customer-premises equipment (CPE), light user equipment (UE), reduced capability user equipment (REDCAP UE), wireless terminals in industrial control, smart home devices (such as refrigerators, televisions, air conditioners, electricity meters, etc.), intelligent robots, robotic arms, workshop equipment, wireless terminals in autonomous driving, wireless terminals in telemedicine, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, or wireless terminals in smart homes, and flying equipment (such as intelligent robots, hot air balloons, drones, airplanes), etc. Terminal devices can also be vehicle devices, such as vehicle devices, vehicle modules, vehicle chips, on-board units (OBUs) or telematics boxes (T-BOXs). Terminal devices can also be other devices with terminal functions. For example, a terminal device can also be a device that performs terminal functions in D2D communication.

[0106] The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device. The device used to implement the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or it can be a device that supports the terminal device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system. The device can be installed in the terminal device or used in conjunction with the terminal device. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices. All or part of the functions of the terminal device in this application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0107] Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as D2D, V2X communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc.

[0108] Access network devices and terminals can be fixed in location or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the access network devices and terminals.

[0109] The roles of access network devices and terminals can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 1 can be configured as a mobile access network device. For terminals 120j that access the wireless access network 10 via 120i, terminal 120i is an access network device; however, for access network device 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via an interface protocol between access network devices. In this case, relative to 110a, 120i is also an access network device. Therefore, access network devices and terminals can both be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with access network device functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

[0110] Communication between access network devices and terminals, between access network devices, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0111] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the access network device can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the access network device, or by a control subsystem that includes access network device functions. This control subsystem, including access network device functions, can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

[0112] In this application, the access network device sends downlink (DL) signals or downlink information to the terminal, which are carried on the downlink channel; the terminal sends uplink (UL) signals or uplink information to the access network device, which are carried on the uplink channel. To communicate with the access network device, the terminal can establish a radio connection on a cell controlled by the access network device. The cell with which the terminal has established a radio connection is called the terminal's serving cell. When the terminal communicates with the serving cell, it may also be subject to interference from signals from neighboring cells.

[0113] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an O-RAN system architecture. As shown in Figure 2, the O-RAN system may include more or fewer components in addition to those shown in Figure 2, and this application does not limit this. As shown in Figure 2, the O-RAN includes a BBU, and optionally, the O-RAN also includes an RU. The BBU communicates with the CN via a backhaul link, the BBU communicates with the RU via a fronthaul link, and the RU communicates with the terminal via an air interface. The BBU and RU may or may not be co-located.

[0114] The BBU includes at least one CU and at least one DU, wherein the at least one CU and the at least one DU communicate via at least one midhaul link.

[0115] In an O-RAN system, some protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining or all protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU, which is centrally controlled by the CU.

[0116] Figure 3 shows the network element functional division and protocol layer structure of an O-RAN system. The O-RAN shown in Figure 3 includes one CU and two DUs. In one implementation, the CU deploys the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer from the protocol stack. The DU deploys the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and Physical Layer (PHY) layer from the protocol stack. The Physical Layer can be further divided into PHY-high and PHY-low layers. Therefore, the CU has the processing capabilities for RRC, PDCP, and SDAP, while the DU has the processing capabilities for RLC, MAC, and PHY.

[0117] In the case of CU separation (i.e., CU is split into CU-UP and CU-CP), as one implementation, CU-CP deploys the control plane portion of the RRC layer and PDCP layer (PDCP control, PDCP-C), while CU-UP deploys the SDAP layer and the user plane portion of PDCP (PDCP user, PDCP-U). DU deploys the RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY-high layer. RU deploys the PHY-low layer.

[0118] Figure 4 shows the network element function partitioning and protocol layer structure of another O-RAN system. The O-RAN shown in Figure 4 includes CU-CP, CU-UP, and DU. CU-CP deploys the RRC layer and PDCP-C, CU-UP deploys the SDAP layer and PDCP-U, and DU deploys the RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer. CU-CP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement control plane functions. These network elements in the core network can be access and mobility function network elements, such as the access and mobility management function (AMF) network element in a 5G system. CU-UP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement user plane functions. These network elements in the core network can be, for example, the user plane function (UPF) network element in a 5G system.

[0119] The above configurations of CU and DU are merely examples; the functions of CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or to have only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements, such as by latency. Functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0120] In some examples, a DU can control at least one RU. The DU connects to the RU through interfaces, which can be fronthaul interfaces.

[0121] In some examples, the CU may not have a PDCP layer, i.e., it only includes the RRC layer. CU-CP does not have PDCP-C. CU-UP may not have PDCP-U, or may not have CU-UP at all. In some examples, the DU may not have an RLC layer, only a MAC layer and a PHY-high layer. Furthermore, in some examples, it may not have a CU and may only include the DU.

[0122] In some examples, the PHY-high layer includes the PHY layer processing, such as forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation. In some examples, the RU is a logical node carrying both the PHY-low layer and radio frequency (RF) processing. In some examples, the RU can be a TRP, RRH, or other similar entity. In some examples, the PHY-low layer includes the PHY processing, such as fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), digital beamforming, and filtering. The RU communicates with one or more terminals via a wireless link.

[0123] The DU and RU exchange control plane and user plane information via a fronthaul link through a lower-layer split-control, user, and synchronization (LLS-C / U / S-Plane, LLS-C / U / S) interface. The LLS-C / U / S may include LLS-C and LLS-U interfaces providing the control plane (C-plane) and user plane (U-plane), respectively. In some examples, the control plane refers to real-time control between the DU and RU. The DU and RU exchange management information via an LLS-M interface on the fronthaul link; the management plane refers to non-real-time management operations between the DU and RU. The DU and RU can cooperate to implement PHY layer functions. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of the DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, the DU may be configured to implement baseband functions, and the RU may be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that the DU may be configured to implement higher-layer functions in the PHY layer, and the RU may be configured to implement lower-layer functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-layer and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0124] For ease of understanding, the relevant technologies and concepts involved in this application are introduced below.

[0125] With the increasing application of MTC and IoT communication, the number of connected IoT devices is growing daily, leading to a stronger industry demand for reduced cost and power consumption in IoT devices. During the 4G era, 3GPP introduced the Narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT) system. However, NB-IoT terminals still require external power (battery) and have the ability to generate local high-frequency local oscillator carriers, thus enabling these terminals to achieve power consumption down to the milliwatt level.

[0126] However, with the evolution and development of 5G IoT, the demand for supporting lower-power terminals in 5G networks is increasing. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology provides a good technical reference in the low-power direction, supporting microwatt-level power consumption. RFID tags use low-precision, low-power mid-to-low frequency ring oscillators or receive downlink signals without a local oscillator. When an RFID tag is working, the communication energy and carrier wave are supplied by the RFID reader, and communication is based on reflected carrier waves, as shown in Figure 5: line segment 1 represents the carrier wave sent by the RFID reader, and line segment 2 represents the RFID tag modulating and reflecting the carrier wave sent by the RFID reader for transmission. The RFID reader can be simply referred to as the reader.

[0127] RFID tags can also be called RFID terminals, electronic tags, or tags, and can also be called Internet of Things (IoT) devices or AIoT devices.

[0128] RFID technology can be divided into three types: active, passive, and semi-active. RFID tags can also be categorized into passive tags, semi-passive tags, and active tags. Passive and semi-passive tags use backscatter-based communication, while active tags use actively generated carrier waves.

[0129] RFID tags can be classified based on whether they use reflective communication methods, whether they have energy storage capabilities, or a combination of both. Currently, two types of devices are under investigation: 1) microwatt-level power consumption tags with energy storage and an initial SFO of 10. x For example, x = 4 or 5, there is no uplink or downlink amplifier, and the uplink transmission is based on reflection transmission using an externally provided carrier: 2) power consumption in the hundreds of microwatts, with energy storage, and an initial SFO of 10. x For example, x = 4 or 5, there are uplink and / or downlink amplifiers, and the uplink transmission can be actively sent by the RFID tag or backscattered based on an external carrier.

[0130] Given the low power consumption advantage of RFID communication technology, 5G AIoT has emerged. To meet the ultra-low power consumption requirements, terminal devices in 5G AIoT also use low-precision, low-power mid-to-low frequency ring oscillators or completely oscillator-less receivers to receive downlink signals. This receiving method can further reduce the power consumption of downlink reception in terminal devices. For this type of low-power receiving method, amplitude detection, such as envelope detection, can be performed because low-precision ring oscillators cannot guarantee accurate demodulation of signal phase information.

[0131] As shown in Figure 6A, in the existing scheme, the physical channel for device-to-reader transmission is PDRCH, and the physical channel for reader-to-device (R2D) transmission is the physical R2D channel (PRDCH). As shown in Figure 6B, the IoT device can send a preamble before sending the PDRCH. After adding a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code to the data, the IoT device encodes and modulates it, and then sends it to the reader via the PDRCH.

[0132] The preamble is used to estimate the SFO and perform channel estimation. The device can be the RFID tag mentioned above; this application uses the RFID tag as an example of an IoT device, such as an AIoT device (Aspect-Oriented Internet of Things).

[0133] In existing schemes, using a preamble to coarsely estimate the SFO can reduce the SFO. However, when the TBS of the data carried by the PDRCH is large, the residual SFO accumulation time offset will severely affect the decoding performance of the PDRCH. In addition, when the TBS of the data carried by the PDRCH is large, using a preamble for channel estimation cannot guarantee the accuracy of the channel estimation, which will affect the decoding performance of the PDRCH.

[0134] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a communication method that can flexibly configure the postcode in order to achieve accurate positioning of the PDRCH end position, thereby enabling precise estimation of SFO and joint channel estimation, and improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0135] This application relates to air interface transmission between IoT devices and readers / writers. The reader / writer can be a handheld or fixed device that reads (and sometimes writes) tag information; it can also be understood as a device that communicates with tags. Its form can be a terminal, a base station, or a device with read / write capabilities. The reader / writer can also be an IAB node or a relay node. This application does not limit the form of the reader / writer.

[0136] When an IoT device is within the coverage area of ​​a reader / writer, and the reader / writer acts as a base station, the communication between the reader / writer and the IoT device is via the AIoT Uu interface, i.e., air interface communication. When the reader / writer is a terminal device, the communication between the reader / writer and the IoT device can also reuse the AIoT Uu interface communication mechanism. As an example, the IoT device can be an AIoT device.

[0137] Figure 6A shows a reader / writer directly connected to an IoT device, with the reader / writer and IoT device connected via a Uu interface. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an IoT device connected to a reader / writer via an intermediate node. If the IoT device is an AIoT device, the IoT device and the intermediate node are connected via an AIoT Uu interface, and the intermediate node and the reader / writer are connected via a Uu interface. The intermediate node can be either a network device or a terminal device; Figure 7 shows the case where the intermediate node is a network device.

[0138] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 800 provided in an embodiment of this application. The steps of method 800 can be interactively executed by an IoT device (or modules within the IoT device, such as processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, etc.) and a reader (or modules within the reader, such as processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, etc.). The following description uses an IoT device and a reader as examples. Furthermore, the processing performed by a single executing entity can also be divided into multiple executing entities, which can be logically and / or physically separated. For example, the processing performed by the reader can be divided into execution by at least one of CU, DU, RU, etc.

[0139] Method 800 includes, but is not limited to, S801 to S803, and each step is described in detail below.

[0140] S801, the IoT device determines, based on the data's TBS and a first threshold, whether to send a preamble, the data, or to send a preamble and the data.

[0141] S802, the reader determines the received preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the data's TBS and a first threshold, or determines the received preamble and the data.

[0142] The data is carried on the PDRCH, and the TBS of this data can be described as the number of bits in the data, or the length of the data. The TBS of this data can also be understood as the length of the PDRCH.

[0143] In one possible implementation, the first threshold can be predefined by the protocol.

[0144] In another possible implementation, the reader sends first information to the IoT device. This first information indicates a first threshold. The first information can be pre-configured by the reader or dynamically configured by the reader. The first information can be a field, such as the "d2r_max-length_without_pst" field.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the TBS of the data can be pre-configured by the reader or dynamically configured by the reader.

[0146] In one possible implementation, the IoT device determines whether to send the preamble, the data, and the postcode based on the data's TBS and a first threshold, or determines whether to send the preamble and the data, including: if the data's TBS is greater than the first threshold, sending the preamble, the data, and the postcode, wherein the postcode is used to identify the end position of the data; or if the data's TBS is less than or equal to the first threshold, sending the preamble and the data, i.e., not sending the postcode.

[0147] In one possible implementation, the reader determines whether to receive a preamble, the data, and a postcode based on the data's TBS and a first threshold. Alternatively, determining whether to receive a preamble and the data includes: if the data's TBS is greater than the first threshold, receiving the preamble, the data, and the postcode, wherein the postcode is used to identify the end position of the data; or if the data's TBS is less than or equal to the first threshold, receiving the preamble and the data, i.e., not receiving the postcode.

[0148] S803, when the IoT device determines that it will send a preamble, the data, and a postcode, it sends the preamble, the data, and the postcode to the reader, wherein the preamble is sent before the data and the data is sent before the postcode; or, when the IoT device determines that it will send a preamble and the data, it sends the preamble and the data to the reader, wherein the preamble is sent before the data.

[0149] Accordingly, if the reader determines that it has received the preamble, the data, and the postcode, it receives the preamble, the data, and the postcode from the IoT device; or, if the reader determines that it has received the preamble and the data, it receives the preamble and the data from the IoT device.

[0150] Understandably, if the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, it indicates that the TBS of the data is large. Therefore, the residual SFO accumulation time offset will affect the decoding performance of PDRCH, and the channel estimation using the preamble is not accurate enough, resulting in poor decoding performance of PDRCH. Therefore, IoT devices can send a postamble after the data. The reader can calibrate the sampling frequency of the IoT device based on the time domain positions of the preamble and postamble, so that the reader can decode PDRCH according to the determined sampling frequency, which is beneficial to improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0151] It is understandable that if the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, it means that the TBS of the data is small. Therefore, the preamble can be used to determine a more accurate SFO and obtain a more accurate channel estimation result. Therefore, IoT devices can send the preamble and the data, that is, without sending the postamble. This can save signaling overhead while ensuring the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0152] It should be noted that, in the above description, when the TBS of the data is equal to the first threshold, the IoT device or reader determines not to transmit the postcode. In another implementation, when the TBS of the data is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the IoT device or reader determines to transmit the preamble, the data, and the postcode. When the TBS of the data is less than the first threshold, the IoT device or reader determines to transmit the preamble and the data, that is, determines not to transmit the postcode.

[0153] In the above description, IoT devices or readers can determine whether to transmit the postcode based on the relationship between the TBS of the data and a first threshold. Based on this, the following formula can also be used to determine whether to transmit the postcode:

[0154] Where A represents the first threshold, and B represents the TBS of the data. This indicates rounding y down. For example, if y = 3.3, then rounding y down gives the result of 3. Similarly, if y = 3.9, then rounding y down gives the result of 3. `sgn(x)` is the sign function, used to determine the sign of x.

[0155] The num_pst determined by the above formula (1) is used to determine whether to transmit the postcode. When BA>0, num_pst takes the value of 1, indicating that the postcode is transmitted. When BA≤0, num_pst takes the value of 0, indicating that the postcode is not transmitted.

[0156] Formula (1) can be understood as: compare the TBS of the data with the first threshold. If the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, then the postcode needs to be transmitted. If the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, then the postcode does not need to be transmitted.

[0157] It is understandable that rounding down represents the largest integer less than or equal to the number in the rounding down sign.

[0158] For example, B = 200, A = 50, substituting into formula (1), we get... That is, to determine the transmission of the postcode.

[0159] Based on formula (1), other variations can be used to determine whether to transmit the postcode, for example:

[0160] In formula (2), This indicates rounding up y. For example, if y = 3.3, then rounding up y results in 4; similarly, if y = 3.9, then rounding up y results in 4. When B equals A, num_pst takes the value 1, indicating that the postcode is transmitted. It can be understood that rounding up represents the smallest integer greater than or equal to the number in the rounding up sign.

[0161] Alternatively, the following formula (3) or (4) can be used to determine whether to transmit the postcode:

[0162] Where A represents the first threshold and B represents the TBS of the data. IoT devices or readers can determine whether to transmit the postcode based on the value of num_pst. When num_pst is 1, it means that the postcode is transmitted; when num_pst is 0, it means that the postcode is not transmitted.

[0163] Taking the above formula (3) as an example, it can also be defined that when BA>0, num_pst takes the value of 0, indicating that the postcode is transmitted, and when BA≤0, num_pst takes the value of 1, indicating that the postcode is not transmitted. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0164] In the above description, the pilot signals transmitted by the IoT device include a preamble, or, include both a preamble and a postamble. In some other possible designs, the pilot signals transmitted by the IoT device may also include an intermediate preamble, i.e., transmitting both a preamble and an intermediate preamble, or transmitting a preamble, an intermediate preamble, and a postamble. The number of intermediate preambles can be one or more, and the intermediate preambles are transmitted in the middle of the data transmission.

[0165] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the transmission positions of a preamble, intermediate pilot, and postamble. The number of intermediate pilots shown in Figure 9 is one. The preamble is transmitted before the data, part of the data is transmitted before the intermediate pilot, and the other part is transmitted after the intermediate pilot. The postamble is transmitted after the data.

[0166] Based on consideration of sending the preamble and intermezzo, the IoT device can further determine whether to send the postamble. In one possible design, the IoT device determines whether to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or determines whether to send the preamble and the data, based on the data's TBS, the first threshold, and the number of intermezzos. This includes: the IoT device determining whether to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble (including sending the intermezzo) based on the data's TBS, the first threshold, and the number of intermezzos, or determining whether to send the preamble and the data (including sending the intermezzo).

[0167] exist In this case, the IoT device determines to send the preamble, the data, and the postcode, the postcode being used to identify the end position of the data. In this case, the IoT device determines to send the preamble and the data, but not the postamble. Here, A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and num_mid represents the number of intermembrane codes. The first part of the data is sent before the first intermembrane code, and the second part of the data is sent after the first intermembrane code.

[0168] Similarly, the reader / writer in In this case, it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postamble (including receiving the intermembrane) will be received; In this case, it is determined that the preamble and the data (including receiving the intermembrane) will be received.

[0169] Understandably, there is at least one intermezzo. Based on this intermezzo, the physical network device can divide the data into multiple parts for transmission. For example, if there are N intermezzo, the data can be divided into N+1 parts for transmission. For example, if the data's TBS is 120 bits and the number of intermezzos N=2, the physical network device can divide the data into three parts for transmission: a portion of the data (called part #1, for example, 40 bits) is transmitted after the preamble and before the first intermezzo; another portion of the data (called part #2, for example, 40 bits) is transmitted after the first intermezzo and before the second intermezzo; and the remaining portion of the data (called part #3, for example, 40 bits) is transmitted after the second intermezzo and before the posttermezzo. If the first intermediate code mentioned above is, for example, the first intermediate code in this example, then the first part of the data is part #1 of the data transmitted between the preamble and the first intermediate code, and the second part of the data is part #2 of the data transmitted between the first intermediate code and the second intermediate code; or, if the first intermediate code mentioned above is, for example, the second intermediate code in this example, then the first part of the data is part #2 of the data transmitted between the first intermediate code and the second intermediate code, and the second part of the data is part #3 of the data transmitted after the second intermediate code and before the postamble.

[0170] It should be noted that in the description above, in If the value is equal to A, the IoT device or reader determines not to transmit the postcode. In another implementation, in In this case, the IoT device or reader determines that the preamble, the data, and the postamble must be transmitted. In such cases, the IoT device or reader determines to transmit the preamble and the data, that is, determines not to transmit the postamble.

[0171] In the description above, IoT devices or readers can be based on The relationship between the value of A and the value of A determines whether the postcode should be transmitted. Based on this, the following formula can also be used to determine whether the postcode should be transmitted:

[0172] Where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and num_mid represents the number of mid-prefixes. The floor function is sgn(x), and the sign function is sgn(x), which determines the sign of x.

[0173] The num_pst determined by the above formula (5) is used to determine whether to transmit the postcode. In this case, num_pst takes a value of 1, indicating that the postcode is transmitted. In this case, num_pst takes the value 0, indicating that the postcode is not transmitted.

[0174] Formula (5) can be understood as follows: The number of intermediate codes (num_mid) divides the data into num_mid+1 parts. The number of bits in the last part (or the average number of bits in each part) is compared with the first threshold. If the number of bits in the last part is greater than the first threshold, then the post-intermediate code needs to be transmitted. If the number of bits in the last part is less than or equal to the first threshold, then the post-intermediate code does not need to be transmitted.

[0175] It is understandable that rounding down represents the largest integer less than or equal to the number in the rounding down sign.

[0176] For example, B = 200, A = 50, num_mid = 1, substituting into formula (5), we get... That is, to determine the transmission of the postcode.

[0177] Based on formula (5), other variations can be used to determine whether to transmit the postcode, for example:

[0178] In formula (6), For the floor function, then when When equal to A, num_pst takes the value 1, indicating that the postcode is transmitted. It can be understood that rounding up represents the smallest integer greater than or equal to the number in the rounding up sign.

[0179] Alternatively, the following formula (7) or (8) can be used to determine whether to transmit the postcode:

[0180] Where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and num_mid represents the number of postcodes. IoT devices or readers can determine whether to transmit the postcode based on the value of num_pst. When num_pst is 1, it means that the postcode is transmitted; when num_pst is 0, it means that the postcode is not transmitted.

[0181] Taking the above formula (7) as an example, we can also define At that time, num_pst takes a value of 0, indicating that the postcode is transmitted. When num_pst is 1, it means that the postcode is not transmitted. This application does not limit this.

[0182] The previous section introduced how IoT devices or readers determine whether to transmit a postcode. If it is determined that a postcode should be transmitted, the length of the postcode needs to be determined. The following section introduces a method for configuring the length of the postcode.

[0183] In existing schemes, the length of the postcode is usually the same as the length of the precode. Taking the transmission of the intermembrane as an example, num_mid intermembrane codes divide the data into num_mid+1 parts. Assuming the last part of the data has 100 bits and requires postcode transmission, and also requires postcode transmission when the last part has 200 bits, if the postcode length is configured to be the same for both cases, the decoding performance for the 200-bit last part is worse than that for the 100-bit last part. Therefore, to flexibly adapt to different TBSs and ensure consistent decoding performance, different TBSs can correspond to different postcode lengths.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the reader can send a second piece of information to the IoT device. This second piece of information indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed or variable. The second piece of information can be a field, such as the "length_pst_flag" field, which indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed. When "length_pst_flag" is set to 0, it means the length of the postcode is fixed; when "length_pst_flag" is set to 1, it means the length of the postcode is not fixed. Alternatively, when "length_pst_flag" is set to 1, it means the length of the postcode is fixed; when "length_pst_flag" is set to 0, it means the length of the postcode is not fixed.

[0185] When the second information is used to indicate that the number of bits in the postcode is fixed, the number of bits in the postcode is, for example, a fixed Y bits; or, the number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode.

[0186] When the number of bits in the postcode is not fixed (as indicated by the second information), it can be indicated by other information, such as a third information sent by the reader to the IoT device. This third information indicates the number of bits in the postcode. The reader can flexibly configure the postcode length based on the data's TBS to improve the decoding performance of the PDRCH. This third information can be considered a field.

[0187] It should be noted that, when the number of bits in the postcode is fixed, whether to use a fixed number of Y bits or to keep the same number of bits as the precode can be predefined by the protocol or indicated by the reader.

[0188] In one possible implementation, the reader can send a second piece of information to the IoT device. This second piece of information indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed or variable. The second piece of information can be a field, such as the "length_pst_flag" field, which indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed. When "length_pst_flag" is set to 0, it indicates that the length of the postcode is fixed; when "length_pst_flag" is set to 1, it indicates that the length of the postcode is not fixed. Alternatively, when "length_pst_flag" is set to 1, it indicates that the length of the postcode is fixed; when "length_pst_flag" is set to 0, it indicates that the length of the postcode is not fixed.

[0189] When the number of bits in the postcode is fixed, the number of bits in the postcode is, for example, a fixed Y bits; or, the number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode. Alternatively, in other cases, if the reader does not indicate whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed, the number of bits in the postcode can be assumed to be a default value.

[0190] When the number of bits in the postcode is not fixed, it can be indicated by other information. For example, the reader can send third information to the IoT device to indicate the number of bits in the postcode. The reader can flexibly configure the length of the postcode based on the data's TBS to improve the decoding performance of PDRCH. This third information can be considered as a field.

[0191] It should be noted that, when the number of bits in the postcode is fixed, whether to use a fixed number of Y bits or to keep the same number of bits as the precode can be predefined by the protocol or indicated by the reader.

[0192] When the number of bits in the postcode is not fixed, for cases where the intermester is not transmitted, the number of bits in the postcode can be determined based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold. This method does not require additional signaling indication and helps to reduce signaling overhead.

[0193] In one possible implementation, the number of bits in the postcode satisfies the following formula:

[0194] Where length_postamble represents the number of bits in the postamble, A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and C represents the number of bits in the preamble. This is the floor function.

[0195] As can be seen from formula (9), the number of bits of the postcode is proportional to the number of bits of a fixed sequence (such as a precode). It can be understood that if the TBS of the data is X times the first threshold, then the number of bits of the postcode is X times the number of bits of the fixed sequence (such as a precode).

[0196] It is understood that the fixed sequence is used as an example for description here, but the fixed sequence can also be other known sequences, such as intermediate sequences. This application does not limit this.

[0197] Formula (9) can also be transformed as follows:

[0198] For cases where the intro code is not transmitted, the number of bits of the post-intro code satisfies one of the above formulas (9), (10), (11), and (12).

[0199] When the number of bits in the postcode is not fixed, for the case of transmitting the intermembrane, the number of bits in the postcode can be determined based on the TBS of the data, the number of intermembrane bits, and the first threshold. This method does not require additional signaling instructions, which helps to reduce signaling overhead. The following is a detailed description of this method.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the number of bits in the postcode satisfies the following formula:

[0201] Where length_postamble represents the number of bits in the postamble, A represents the first threshold, and C represents the number of bits in the preamble. This is the floor function. This represents the number of bits in each of the num_mid+1 parts of data into which the data is divided by the num_mid intermediate codes.

[0202] As can be seen from the above formula (13), the number of bits of the postcode is proportional to the number of bits of a fixed sequence (such as the precode). It can be understood that if the number of bits of each part of the data divided into num_mid+1 parts by the num_mid middle codes is X times the first threshold, then the number of bits of the postcode is X times the number of bits of the precode.

[0203] It is understood that the fixed sequence is used as an example for description here, but the fixed sequence can also be other known sequences, such as intermediate sequences. This application does not limit this.

[0204] Will Substituting into formula (13), the number of bits in the postcode satisfies the following formula:

[0205] For example, B = 200, A = 50, num_mid = 1, C = 16, substituting into formula (4),

[0206] Formula (14) can also be transformed as follows:

[0207] in, This is the floor function. As an up-rounding function, for the case of the preamble in transmission, the number of bits of the post-preamble satisfies one of the above formulas (14), (15), (16), and (17).

[0208] It is understood that the number of bits of the pilot (such as preamble, introductory or postamble) in this application can be used to describe the length of the pilot.

[0209] The following explains how to determine the value of the postcode.

[0210] In one possible implementation, the postcode can be the inverted sequence of the precode, which facilitates the distinction between the precode and the postcode. For example, if the precode is (0,0,0,0,1,0,1), the postcode obtained by inverting it is (1,1,1,1,0,1,0). In this implementation, the number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode. Optionally, the postcode can also be the inverted sequence of the intermolecular precode.

[0211] In another possible implementation, the postcode can be determined based on one or more of the following identifiers: the identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader / writer, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs. For example, the postcode is a gold sequence generated from two m-sequences, where the first m-sequence is a default sequence, and the initial value of the second m-sequence can be determined by one or more of the identifiers of the IoT device, the reader / writer, or the group to which the IoT device belongs. The two m-sequences are then XORed bit-by-bit to determine the postcode. See the following formula:

[0212] In formulas (18) to (20) above, x1 is the first m-sequence, x2 is the second m-sequence, the initial value of x1 is fixed, x1(0) = 1, x1(n) = 0, n = 1, ..., 30, x2 can be determined by one or more of the following identifiers: the identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader / writer, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs. cn is the gold sequence generated based on x1 and x2. Nc is an offset value.

[0213] For example, if Nc = 100, the identifier of the IoT device is 31 bits, such as (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0). x2 is determined based on the identifier of the IoT device. For example, if the initial value of the x2 sequence is equal to the identifier of the IoT device, then bits 0 to 30 of x2 are (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0). Bits 0 to 30 of x1 are (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0). For example, if the postcode length is 12 bits, the values ​​of bits 100 to 111 of x1 can be determined based on bits 0 to 30 of x1 and the above formula (18). Bits 100 to 111 of x2 can be determined based on bits 0 to 30 of x2 and the above formula (19). According to formula (20), by adding bits 100 to 111 of x1 and bits 100 to 111 of x2 respectively and taking the modulo 2, a 12-bit postcode can be determined.

[0214] Taking the identification of an IoT device as an example, if the number of bits in the IoT device's identifier is less than 31, the identifier length can be extended to 31 by padding with 0s or 1s, which serves as the default value for x2, i.e., the first 31 bits of x2. The padding with 0s or 1s can be done at the end of the IoT device's identifier or interspersed in the middle; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0215] It should be noted that when the initial value of the second m-sequence is determined by multiple identifiers among the identifiers of the IoT device, the reader, or the group to which the IoT device belongs, the combination of multiple identifiers can be used as the initial value of the second m-sequence. For example, the result of XORing the identifier of the IoT device and the identifier of the reader can be used as the initial value of the second m-sequence.

[0216] The above method 800 can also be applied to the O-RAN system architecture shown in Figure 2. Taking the reader as an access network device as an example, the access network device includes a CU, a DU, and a RU. Optionally, the access network device receives a request from the core network device via the backhaul link. The core network device requests the reader to transmit PDRCH and configure the backpropagation code. After receiving the request, the CU in the access network device sends the backpropagation code configuration information to the DU, and the DU sends the configuration information to the RU via the fronthaul link. This configuration information can indicate the case of configuring the backpropagation code and the case of not configuring the backpropagation code, as well as the method for determining the number of bits of the backpropagation code when configuring the backpropagation code. Among them, the case of configuring the backpropagation code is, for example, the case of B > A described above, or The case where a postcode is not configured, such as the case where B≤A described above, or In the case where A is the first threshold and B is the TBS of the data, the number of bits of the postcode satisfies one of the formulas (9) to (12) described above, or one of the formulas (14) to (17) described above.

[0217] The RU in the access network equipment sends the configuration information to the terminal equipment. Based on this configuration information, the terminal equipment determines the post-preamble if it is determined that a post-preamble is configured, and sends the preamble, data, and post-preamble to the RU. Optionally, it also sends the intermediate preamble. If it is determined that no post-preamble is configured, the terminal equipment sends the preamble and data to the RU. Optionally, it also sends the intermediate preamble. After receiving the data and pilot, the RU performs down-conversion processing on the received data and pilot to obtain the baseband signal, and then sends the baseband signal to the DU for further processing. The DU processes the received baseband signal to obtain the location information of the data, and then sends the location information to the CU. The CU sends the location information to the core network equipment.

[0218] The actions performed by the aforementioned access network devices can also be performed by the chips within the access network devices.

[0219] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The steps of method 1000 can be interactively executed by an IoT device (or modules within the IoT device, such as processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, etc.) and a reader (or modules within the reader, such as processors, chips, chip systems, circuits, etc.). The following description uses an IoT device and a reader as examples. Furthermore, the processing performed by a single executing entity can also be divided into multiple executing entities, which can be logically and / or physically separated. For example, the processing performed by the reader can be divided into execution by at least one of CU, DU, RU, etc.

[0220] Method 1000 includes, but is not limited to, steps S1001 to S1004, which are described in detail below.

[0221] S1001, the reader sends fourth information to the IoT device, which indicates whether a postcode is configured. The IoT device then receives the fourth information.

[0222] The fourth piece of information indicates whether a postcode is configured, including: the fourth piece of information indicates that a postcode is configured, or that a postcode is not configured. When the fourth piece of information indicates that a postcode is configured, the IoT device sends a preamble, data, or a postcode to the reader, or sends a preamble, data, an intermolecular code, and a postcode. When the fourth piece of information indicates that a postcode is not configured, the IoT device sends a preamble and data to the reader, or sends a preamble, data, and an intermolecular code. The number of intermolecular codes is at least one.

[0223] Since it is not yet determined whether the number of bits for scheduled D2R is fixed, layer 1 (L1) or higher R2D control information can be used to indicate whether a post-capture code is configured. This R2D control information includes fourth information. The number of bits for D2R includes the total number of pilot bits for a single transmission and the data's TBS.

[0224] In one possible implementation, if the number of bits of the scheduled D2R is fixed, the TBS of the data has been determined, and the channel conditions are good, the fourth information is used to indicate that no postcode is configured; if the number of bits of the scheduled D2R is variable, or the TBS of the data is not explicitly indicated, the fourth information is used to indicate that a postcode is configured.

[0225] The fourth piece of information can be viewed as a field, such as the "flag_pst" field. When this field is set to "1", it means that the postcode is configured, and when it is set to "0", it means that the postcode is not configured; or, when this field is set to "0", it means that the postcode is configured, and when it is set to "1", it means that the postcode is not configured.

[0226] S1002, the reader sends the fifth information to the IoT device, which indicates the number of bits in the postcode. The IoT device then receives the fifth information.

[0227] The fifth piece of information can be viewed as a field, such as the "length_pst" field, which indicates the number of bits in the postcode.

[0228] S1003, the reader sends a sixth message to the IoT device, which indicates the type of the postcode value. The IoT device then receives the sixth message.

[0229] In one possible implementation, the value of the postcode is of type A, which indicates that the postcode is a fixed sequence. That is, the length of the postcode and the value of each bit (bit information) are fixed. For example, the postcode is fixed as (1,1,1,1,0,1,0).

[0230] In one possible implementation, the value of the postcode is of type B, which indicates that the postcode is determined by a precode or intermolecular code. For example, the postcode is the inverted sequence of the precode or the inverted sequence of the intermolecular code.

[0231] In one possible implementation, the value of the postcode is of type C, where type C indicates that the postcode is one of a set of postcodes. In this implementation, the sixth information may include the set of postcodes. Optionally, to indicate the postcode, method 1000 further includes S1004: the reader may send seventh information to the IoT device, the seventh information indicating the first postcode in the set of postcodes, for example, the seventh information including the index of the first postcode in the set of postcodes. Accordingly, the IoT device receives the seventh information.

[0232] Optionally, if the value of the postcode is of another type, it means that the sixth information does not need to be interpreted.

[0233] In this embodiment, the reader can display instructions to indicate the configuration information of the postcode, such as whether to configure the postcode, the length of the postcode, and the type of the postcode. This allows for flexible control of the postcode configuration in D2R, which is beneficial for improving the decoding performance of PDRCH.

[0234] It should be understood that the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0235] It is understood that some steps in method 1000 can be implemented in conjunction with method 800. For example, if the reader determines the received preamble, data and postamble based on the data TBS and a first threshold, it performs S1002 to indicate the number of bits of the postamble to the IoT device, and / or performs S1003 to indicate the type of the postamble value to the IoT device.

[0236] Understandably, if the reader does not indicate the number of bits in the postcode, the IoT device can determine the number of bits in the postcode based on the second information, as described in method 800.

[0237] Understandably, if the reader does not indicate the type of the postcode value, the IoT device can use a default type, such as the postcode being a fixed sequence, or the postcode being the inverted sequence of the precode.

[0238] The communication method according to the embodiments of this application has been described in detail above with reference to Figures 8 and 10. The communication device according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 11 and 12.

[0239] As shown in Figure 11, the communication device 1100 includes a processing module 1110 and a transceiver module 1120. The transceiver module 1120 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication module.

[0240] Device 1100 can be used to perform the actions performed by the IoT device or reader in the above method embodiments. Alternatively, device 1100 is a component (e.g., a chip) configured in the IoT device or reader. Processing module 1110 is used to perform processing-related operations of the IoT device or reader in the above method embodiments. Transceiver module 1120 is used to perform receiving and transmitting-related operations of the IoT device or reader in the above method embodiments.

[0241] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 may include a sending module and a receiving module. The sending module is used to perform the sending operation in the above method embodiments. The receiving module is used to perform the receiving operation in the above method embodiments.

[0242] It should be noted that device 1100 may include a transmitting module but not a receiving module. Alternatively, device 1100 may include a receiving module but not a transmitting module. Specifically, it depends on whether the above-described scheme executed by device 1100 includes both transmitting and receiving actions.

[0243] Optionally, the device 1100 is used to perform the actions performed by the IoT device or reader in the embodiments shown in FIG8 or FIG10 above. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments shown in FIG8 or FIG10 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0244] Optionally, the device 1100 may further include a storage module, which can be used to store data and / or to store computer programs or instructions. The processing module 1110 can read the computer programs / instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the device 1100 can implement the above-described method embodiments.

[0245] When device 1100 is used to implement the functions of the IoT device in the method embodiment shown in FIG8, processing module 1110 is used to: determine, based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold, to send a preamble, the data, and a postcode, or to determine to send a preamble and the data; transceiver module 1120 is used to: when it is determined to send the preamble, the data, and the postcode, send the preamble, the data, and the postcode, wherein the preamble is sent before the data, and the data is sent before the postcode; or, when it is determined to send the preamble and the data, send the preamble and the data, wherein the preamble is sent before the data.

[0246] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is configured to: if the TBS of the data is greater than a first threshold, determine to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, if the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, determine to send the preamble and the data.

[0247] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is configured to: determine, based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate preambles, to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or to determine to send the preamble and the data.

[0248] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is used to: In the case of, determine to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, in In this case, the preamble and the data are determined to be sent; where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and num_mid represents the number of intermembrane codes. The first part of the data is sent before the first intermembrane code, and the second part of the data is sent after the first intermembrane code.

[0249] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 receives first information, which is used to indicate a first threshold.

[0250] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 receives second information, which is used to indicate whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed.

[0251] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 receives third information, which is used to indicate the number of bits in the postcode.

[0252] For a more detailed description of the transceiver module 1120 and the processing module 1110, please refer to the relevant description in the method embodiment shown in Figure 8, which will not be repeated here.

[0253] It is understandable that the above processing module can be replaced by a processor, and the transceiver module can be replaced by a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit.

[0254] When device 1100 is used to implement the function of the reader in the method embodiment shown in FIG8, processing module 1110 is used to: determine, based on the TBS of the data and a first threshold, to receive a preamble, the data, and a postcode, or to determine to receive a preamble and the data; transceiver module 1120 is used to: when it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postcode are to be received, receive the preamble, the data, and the postcode, wherein the preamble is received before the data, and the data is received before the postcode; or, when it is determined that the preamble and the data are to be received, receive the preamble and the data, wherein the preamble is received before the data.

[0255] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is configured to: determine to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble if the TBS of the data is greater than a first threshold; or determine to receive the preamble and the data if the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0256] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is configured to: determine, based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of intermediate codes, to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or to determine to receive the preamble and the data.

[0257] Optionally, the processing module 1110 is used to: In the case of receiving the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, in In this case, the receiving preamble and the data are determined; where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, and num_mid represents the number of intermediate preambles. The first part of the data is received before the first intermediate preamble, and the second part of the data is received after the first intermediate preamble.

[0258] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 sends first information, which is used to indicate a first threshold.

[0259] Optionally, the transceiver module 1120 transmits second information, which is used to indicate whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed.

[0260] Optionally, transceiver module 1120: transmits third information, which is used to indicate the number of bits of the postcode.

[0261] For a more detailed description of the transceiver module 1120 and the processing module 1110, please refer to the relevant description in the method embodiment shown in Figure 8, which will not be repeated here.

[0262] Figure 12 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device 1200 provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the device 1200 includes one or more processors 1210 and an interface circuit 1220. The one or more processors 1210 and the interface circuit 1220 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 1220 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, the device 1200 may also include a memory 1230 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1210, or for storing input data required by the processor 1210 to execute instructions, or for storing data generated after the processor 1210 executes instructions. Sometimes, the interface circuit 1220 can also be understood as part of the one or more processors 1210, in which case the device 1200 includes the one or more processors 1210.

[0263] The one or more processors 1210 and memory 1230 can be configured separately or integrated. The memory 1230 can also be located outside the device 1200. This application does not limit this.

[0264] When the device 1200 is used to implement the method shown in FIG8 or FIG10, the one or more processors 1210 are used to implement the functions of the processing module 1110, and the interface circuit 1220 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver module 1120.

[0265] When the aforementioned device 1200 is a chip applied to an Internet of Things (IoT) device, the chip of the IoT device implements the functions of the IoT device in the above method embodiments. The IoT device chip receives information from the reader / writer, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the IoT device, and then sent to the IoT device chip by these modules. The IoT device chip sends information to the reader / writer, which can be understood as the information being first sent to other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the IoT device, and then sent to the reader / writer by these modules.

[0266] When the aforementioned device 1200 is a chip used in a reader / writer, the chip of the reader / writer implements the functions of the reader / writer in the above method embodiments. The chip of the reader / writer receives information from IoT devices, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the reader / writer, and then sent to the chip by these modules. The chip of the reader / writer sends information to IoT devices, which can be understood as the information being first sent to other modules (such as radio frequency modules or antennas) in the reader / writer, and then sent to the IoT devices by these modules.

[0267] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in the above embodiments. Alternatively, the computer program includes instructions for implementing the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0268] This application also provides a computer program product, including: a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described above.

[0269] This application also provides an apparatus, which can be a chip, including at least one processor for supporting the implementation of the methods in the above embodiments, such as receiving or processing data involved in the methods in the above embodiments.

[0270] This application also provides a communication system, including an Internet of Things (IoT) device and a reader / writer. The IoT device can execute the methods described in the above embodiments, and the reader / writer can execute the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0271] It should be understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the processor can be a central processing unit, or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0272] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware processor, or as a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor executes the instructions in the memory, combining them with its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are omitted here.

[0273] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0274] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0275] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0276] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0277] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0278] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to existing solutions, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0279] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the method includes: Based on the data transport block size (TBS) and a first threshold, determine the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or determine the preamble and the data. If it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postcode should be sent, then the preamble, the data, and the postcode should be sent, wherein the preamble is sent before the data, and the data is sent before the postcode; or, If it is determined that the preamble and the data should be sent, the preamble and the data are sent, with the preamble sent before the data.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the transmission preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the data-based TBS and the first threshold, or the determination of the transmission preamble and the data, includes: If the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, determine to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, If the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, determine to send the preamble and the data.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The determination of the transmission preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the data-based TBS and the first threshold, or the determination of the transmission preamble and the data, includes: Based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of preambles, determine whether to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or determine whether to send the preamble and the data.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The determination to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble, based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of preambles, or the determination to send the preamble and the data, includes: exist In the following case, determine to send the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, exist In the case of [the situation], determine to send the preamble and the data; Where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermediate codes, and the first part of the data is before the first intermediate code and the second part of the data is after the first intermediate code.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The postcode is used to identify the end position of the data.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive first information, which is used to indicate the first threshold.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive second information, which indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive third information, which indicates the number of bits in the postcode.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The number of bits in the postcode satisfies one of the following formulas: or, Wherein, length_postamble represents the number of bits in the postamble, A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermediate preambles, and C represents the number of bits in the preamble.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The postcode is the inverted sequence of the precode.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The postcode is determined based on one or more of the following identifiers: The identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs.

13. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a reader / writer, the method includes: Based on the data transport block size (TBS) and a first threshold, determine the receive preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, determine the receive preamble and the data. If it is determined that the preamble, the data, and the postamble will be received, then the preamble, the data, and the postamble will be received, wherein the preamble is received before the data, and the data is received before the postamble; or, If it is determined that the preamble and the data are to be received, the preamble and the data are received, wherein the preamble is received before the data.

14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The determination of the receive preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the data-based TBS and the first threshold, or the determination of the receive preamble and the data, includes: If the TBS of the data is greater than the first threshold, determine to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, If the TBS of the data is less than or equal to the first threshold, it is determined that the preamble and the data will be received.

15. The method as described in claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The determination of the received preamble, the data, and the postamble based on the data-based TBS and the first threshold, or the determination of the received preamble and the data, includes: Based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of preambles, it is determined to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or it is determined to receive the preamble and the data.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The determination to receive the preamble, the data, and the postamble, or the determination to send the preamble and the data, based on the TBS of the data, the first threshold, and the number of preambles, includes: exist In the case of receiving the preamble, the data, and the postamble; or, exist In the case of receiving the preamble and the data, it is determined that the data will be received. Where A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermediate codes, and the first part of the data is before the first intermediate code and the second part of the data is after the first intermediate code.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, The postcode is used to identify the end position of the data.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a first message, which is used to indicate the first threshold.

19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a second message, which indicates whether the number of bits in the postcode is fixed.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The number of bits in the postcode is the same as the number of bits in the precode.

21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive third information, which indicates the number of bits in the postcode.

22. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The number of bits in the postcode satisfies one of the following formulas. ： or, Wherein, length_postamble represents the number of bits in the postamble, A represents the first threshold, B represents the TBS of the data, num_mid represents the number of intermediate preambles, and C represents the number of bits in the preamble.

23. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The postcode is the inverted sequence of the precode.

24. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that, The postcode is determined based on one or more of the following identifiers: The identifier of the IoT device, the identifier of the reader, or the identifier of the group to which the IoT device belongs.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes modules for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or modules for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24.

26. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor coupled to a memory for storing programs or instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 to be performed, or cause the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 24 to be performed.

27. A communication system, characterized in that, The invention includes an Internet of Things (IoT) device and a reader / writer, wherein the IoT device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, and the reader / writer is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12 to be performed, or causes the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 24 to be performed.

29. A computer program product, characterized in that, include: A computer program or instruction that, when executed, causes the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 to be performed, or causes the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 24 to be performed.

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