Power supply apparatus, combination of power supply apparatus and electric working machine, and electric device

Abstract

Provided in the present invention is a power supply apparatus (100). The power supply apparatus (100) comprises: an input connector (10), which receives an alternating-current voltage Uac; an output connector (20), which delivers a direct-current voltage Udc to an electric working machine (200), wherein the electric working machine (200) can be driven by means of a direct current from two nominally identical battery packs (300) that are connected in series; and a basic circuit (30), which is adapted to convert the alternating-current voltage Uac so as to output the direct-current voltage Udc. The process of the basic circuit (30) converting the alternating-current voltage Uac so as to output the direct-current voltage Udc comprises a rectification process and a filtering process, and does not comprise a voltage buck-boost conversion process. When the output connector (20) is not connected to the electric working machine (200), the basic circuit (30) is in an open-circuit state, wherein formula (I), and Udc falls within the range of ±20％ of a nominal voltage obtained after the battery packs (300) are connected in series. The technical solution solves endurance, cost, stability and adaptability problems in existing power supply modes for electric working machines. Furthermore, the present invention further relates to a combination of a power supply apparatus and an electric working machine, which combination is based on the power supply apparatus, and an electric device (500).

Description

Power supply equipment and its combination with electric working machinery, electrical equipment Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power supply device, a power supply device based on the power supply device, and a combination thereof with electric operating machinery, as well as electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power supply for electric work machinery, traditional power supply solutions have a series of significant problems.

[0003] Most electric work machines either rely on battery packs for power or require the conversion of AC power to a suitable DC voltage. Battery power presents the challenge of limited battery life; for example, in extended outdoor work scenarios, the batteries in electric garden tools quickly deplete, necessitating frequent battery replacements and severely impacting work efficiency. Furthermore, battery packs are expensive, and their performance degradation over time leads to more frequent replacements, further increasing operating costs.

[0004] When using mains power, existing technologies often require complex voltage conversion circuits. These circuits not only increase the cost and size of the equipment but also reduce the overall efficiency of the system. For example, common buck or boost converter circuits generate power losses during operation, leading to significant heat generation, wasting energy, and potentially affecting the stability and lifespan of the equipment due to overheating. Furthermore, voltage conversion can easily introduce harmonic interference, affecting the operating accuracy and stability of electric work machinery. This is especially true for three-phase brushless DC motors, which have high requirements for voltage stability. Interference from voltage conversion can cause motor torque fluctuations and unstable speeds, thus affecting the working performance of the electric work machinery. Moreover, complex voltage conversion circuits increase the risk of equipment failure; if the conversion circuit malfunctions, the entire electric work machinery cannot operate normally, resulting in higher maintenance costs and difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power supply device that achieves seamless AC / DC switching with a minimal circuit, solving the technical problem of electrical and physical incompatibility between "mains power supply" and "battery power supply".

[0006] This application provides a power supply device, comprising:

[0007] The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ;

[0008] The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ;

[0009] An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein:

[0010] The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ;

[0011] When the output connector is not connected to the electric work machinery, the basic circuit is in an open circuit state, and the DC voltage U dc satisfy And the DC voltage U dc It is within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electric operating machinery.

[0012] Another power supply device provided in this application includes:

[0013] The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ;

[0014] The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ;

[0015] An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein:

[0016] The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ;

[0017] When the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery, its output DC voltage U dc The dynamic response to load changes is constrained by the physical characteristics of the underlying circuit, which include at least the capacitance of the capacitor in the filter unit.

[0018] Another power supply device provided in this application includes:

[0019] The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ;

[0020] The basic circuit, which includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U... ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving electric work machinery is output. dc ;

[0021] An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein:

[0022] The motor of the electric operating machine is configured to operate normally within a first voltage range, which is ±20% of its nominal rated voltage.

[0023] The power supply device is configured to output a DC voltage U under load. dc The average value is constrained within the second voltage range;

[0024] The second voltage range is completely contained within the first voltage range.

[0025] Another power supply device provided in this application includes:

[0026] The input connector is configured to receive an input with a peak value of V. m AC voltage U ac ;

[0027] The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ;

[0028] An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, and adapted to deliver the DC voltage U dc The energy is supplied to the electric work machinery, which is adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein,

[0029] The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U acAfter rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ;

[0030] When the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery, the DC voltage U dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m The nominal voltage of the battery packs is within ±12% of the rated voltage, and the nominal voltage of the battery packs connected in series is within this range.

[0031] Another power supply device provided in this application is configured to supply power to an electric work machine, which is also adapted to be driven by a plurality of series-connected battery packs of the same nominal value, and whose DC motor is capable of operating normally within ±20% of the nominal rated voltage.

[0032] The power supply device includes:

[0033] The input terminal is used to receive AC voltage U. ac ;

[0034] The basic circuitry includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion.

[0035] Output terminal, for operably coupled to the power input terminal of the electric working machinery;

[0036] The electrical parameters of the power supply device satisfy the following:

[0037] (a) When the output terminal is unloaded, its output voltage U dc satisfy And the output voltage U dc It is located within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the plurality of series-connected battery packs;

[0038] (b) When the output terminal supplies power to the electric working machinery, its output voltage U dc The average value is constrained by the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12% of;

[0039] Furthermore, the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs is also located at the peak voltage V. m Within ±12%.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows:

[0041] In terms of battery life and cost, traditional battery pack power supply not only has limited battery life, but also increases the cost of use due to high cost and easy damage. This invention provides a mains power supply path and combines it with a voltage output that matches the battery pack to realize the switching between mains power and battery pack power supply, reducing dependence on battery pack and reducing long-term use costs.

[0042] From a stability perspective, the energy loss, harmonic interference, and reliability issues caused by the complex circuit structure of traditional voltage conversion circuits affect the operation of electric operating machinery. This invention eliminates the voltage boosting and conversion stage, and outputs a stable DC voltage through rectification and filtering, reducing energy loss and interference, simplifying the circuit structure, improving power supply stability and reliability, ensuring the stable operation of the three-phase brushless DC motor in electric operating machinery, and improving working accuracy and equipment life.

[0043] In terms of adaptability, the DC voltage output by the power supply device of the present invention is within a specific range, which can be adapted to electric operating machinery and is matched with the nominal voltage of the battery pack. This facilitates connection with electric operating machinery, enables flexible power switching, broadens the application scenarios of the equipment, and meets the operating needs in different environments.

[0044] This application also provides a combination of a power supply device and an electric working machine, characterized in that:

[0045] The power supply device is as described above;

[0046] The electric work machinery includes:

[0047] The motor is configured to receive the DC voltage U dc Generate driving force;

[0048] The tool is configured to be driven by the driving force generated by the motor.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows:

[0050] On the one hand, the combination of a power supply device and an electric working machine provided in this application, based on the aforementioned power supply device, has all the beneficial technical effects of the aforementioned power supply device, which will not be repeated here;

[0051] On the other hand, without the harmonics and other interference introduced during voltage conversion, the output DC voltage is purer and more stable. For three-phase brushless DC motors in electric work machinery, a stable voltage input ensures smooth motor torque and constant speed. This helps improve the working accuracy and stability of electric work machinery and reduces the risk of equipment damage caused by voltage fluctuations. Moreover, by reducing the number of fault points caused by complex voltage conversion circuits, the reliability of the power supply device is greatly improved, reducing equipment downtime due to power supply problems and ensuring the continuity of operation.

[0052] In addition, this application also provides an electrical device that is adapted to be selectively DC driven by a plurality of battery packs with the same nominal number connected in series, or by a power supply device.

[0053] The power supply device is adapted to receive input AC voltage U ac It includes a basic circuit;

[0054] The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electrical equipment. dc ;

[0055] The power supply device is configured such that when it is not supplying power to the electrical equipment, its output DC voltage U dc satisfy And the DC voltage U dc It is within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs.

[0056] When using this electrical equipment, users can freely choose the optimal power source according to the working environment. In outdoor or situations without mains power, a portable battery pack can be used for power supply; when returning to the workshop, warehouse, or any location with mains power, the power supply can be immediately switched to mains power provided by the power supply device, enabling continuous work between different work scenarios and greatly improving work efficiency and equipment utilization.

[0057] This technical solution offers an extremely simple switching operation: because the power supply device is perfectly compatible with the battery pack in terms of electrical parameters and can achieve a unified physical interface, users do not need to perform any voltage settings, interface conversions, or use additional adapters when switching power sources. The switching operation is intuitive and simple, achieving "plug and play". Attached Figure Description

[0058] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0059] Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the power supply device structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the battery pack series power supply structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3: Schematic diagram of a two-shell structure for the power supply device in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the battery pack structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5: Schematic block diagram of the power supply device with PFC circuit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6: Schematic block diagram of the power supply device with voltage regulator circuit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7: Schematic block diagram of the circuit principle of the power supply device and electric working machinery combination according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the electrical equipment in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, this application provides a power supply device 100, which includes:

[0069] Input connector 10, which is configured to receive input AC voltage U ac ;

[0070] Basic circuit 30, which connects to input connector 10, is configured to transfer AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ;

[0071] Output connector 20, configured to be detachably connected to electric work machinery 200, is adapted to transmit DC voltage U dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machine 200 to drive the electric work machine 200, which is also suitable for DC drive by multiple battery packs 300 of nominal consistency connected in series.

[0072] The basic circuit 30 includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured to rectify the received AC voltage U. ac The process involves rectification and filtering, but does not include any step-up or step-down converter circuits or components with voltage transformation capabilities; that is, it does not perform any step-up or step-down conversion, thereby converting the AC voltage U... ac After basic rectification and filtering, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U. dc Suitable for driving electric work machinery 200.

[0073] When the output connector 20 is not connected to the electric work machine 200, the output terminal of the basic circuit 30 is in an open circuit state without load. Since the basic circuit 30 includes rectification and filtering units, the filter capacitor will be charged to near the peak value of the AC voltage, and its no-load output DC voltage U dc satisfy And it is within 20% of the total nominal voltage deviation of the multiple battery packs 300 connected in series.

[0074] Specifically, the input connector 10 includes a cable and a power plug, the power plug being used to connect to the AC mains to receive the input AC voltage U. ac When supplied by the power grid, the input AC voltage U ac It is configured to have a grid voltage with a national or regionally common alternating voltage value (e.g., 110V); the output connector 20 can be electrically connected to the electric work machinery 200 via a connector, which can be adapted to a cable and output connector structure, or can adopt a mechanical latching structure like multiple battery packs 300, which will be further described below.

[0075] The following will explain the beneficial technical effects of this application compared to the prior art from several aspects.

[0076] 1. Extremely simple circuit architecture

[0077] The traditional, complex voltage boost / buck conversion circuit has been abandoned, retaining only basic circuits such as rectification and filtering, thus simplifying the overall circuit structure of the power supply unit 100. This reduces the number of components required in the circuit; for example, transformers and complex control chips for voltage boost / buck conversion are no longer needed. This reduction in components not only lowers raw material costs but also reduces assembly costs and manufacturing complexity. Furthermore, a simpler circuit structure results in a lower probability of failure. Complex voltage conversion circuits often involve multiple stages and components, and a problem with any one component can lead to the failure of the entire circuit. The simplified circuit in this solution reduces potential failure points, improves the reliability and stability of the power supply unit, and reduces equipment maintenance costs and repair difficulty.

[0078] Second, improve energy conversion efficiency.

[0079] Traditional voltage boost / buck conversion circuits suffer significant energy losses during operation due to transformer magnetic losses, power switching device conduction losses, and inductor and capacitor charging / discharging losses. This solution, however, only performs rectification and filtering, avoiding voltage boost / buck conversion itself, thus preventing energy losses in these complex conversion processes and improving the energy conversion efficiency from AC power to DC output.

[0080] Furthermore, by eliminating the voltage conversion stage that includes a feedback control loop, the power supply unit 100 responds more directly to load changes, fundamentally avoiding the risks of delays, oscillations, or instability that may be caused by complex control loops. When the load on the electric machinery changes abruptly, the output voltage change is directly determined by the circuit's physical characteristics (such as filter capacitor capacity and line impedance), resulting in an instantaneous and deterministic response, rather than being actively adjusted by the control loop. This helps ensure the continuity of equipment operation and system reliability under dynamic conditions.

[0081] Specifically, when the load suddenly increases (such as when a motor starts): the current demand increases instantaneously, and the filter capacitor C begins to discharge rapidly to fill the current gap, resulting in an increase in the output voltage U. dc It falls instantly. The depth and speed of the fall are directly determined by the size of C and the magnitude of the sudden current surge.

[0082] When the load suddenly decreases (e.g., the motor stops): the current demand drops sharply, and the input rectifier circuit begins to charge capacitor C at the peak value of each half-cycle of the mains power grid, and the voltage U... dc It begins to recover. The recovery rate and the final stable value are determined by the input voltage amplitude and the line impedance.

[0083] Third, compatibility and universality

[0084] This solution eliminates complex voltage conversion circuits while ensuring compatibility through voltage design. Specifically, the output voltage of the power supply device 100 in open-circuit mode is designed to be the peak voltage of the AC input, i.e. This ensures that the voltage falls within ±20% of the nominal voltage of the battery pack connected in series. Consequently, the DC voltage output by the power supply unit 100 is close to the voltage supplied by the battery pack, achieving seamless switching between AC power and battery power. Users can flexibly choose the power source without modifying the core components of the electric machinery, greatly improving the equipment's versatility and ease of use.

[0085] In addition, it is worth mentioning that:

[0086] From the perspective of energy transfer, this scheme also has advantages. In a sinusoidal AC circuit, the effective voltage value U... ac With peak V m The relationship is

[0087] Based on the characteristics of the rectifier filter circuit, under no-load conditions, its output DC voltage U dc The peak value of the input AC voltage can be reached, that is

[0088] A higher DC operating voltage helps reduce line current when transmitting the same power, thus reducing conduction losses. More importantly, because this solution eliminates the transformer losses, switching losses, and control circuit power consumption present in traditional switching power supplies, the overall energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved. This means that, with the same input AC power, a larger proportion of energy is effectively transferred to the motor load of the electric machinery. For high-power power tools and other equipment, this highly efficient direct energy transfer method better meets their high power density and continuous operation requirements, thereby improving overall work efficiency.

[0089] In addition, the rectifier and filter circuit in this application has a certain energy storage and voltage stabilization function. When the AC input voltage rises instantaneously, the filter capacitor can absorb the excess energy, so that the rise of the output DC voltage is small. When the AC input voltage drops instantaneously, the filter capacitor can release the stored energy to maintain the output DC voltage relatively stable. This can effectively suppress the impact of grid voltage fluctuations on electric operating machinery and improve the anti-interference ability and reliability of the equipment.

[0090] In addition, to ensure a smooth, reliable, and seamless switching between mains power (via this power supply unit) and battery power, the DC motor of the electric work machine has a wide voltage input range. Its nominal operating voltage is consistent with the total nominal voltage of the series-connected battery pack, and it is allowed to operate normally within a voltage range of at least ±20%. Within this range, the motor speed will change with the voltage trend; that is, when the voltage increases, the DC motor speed will increase accordingly, and when the voltage decreases, the DC motor speed will decrease accordingly. At the same time, through system matching design (such as FOC control as described below), it can ensure that its output torque and working performance meet the usage requirements. This allows the motor to be compatible with the voltage ripple present after rectification and filtering, and to adapt to the slight differences between the output voltage of the power supply unit and the battery pack voltage, thereby ensuring a smooth, reliable, and seamless switching between mains power and battery power.

[0091] In summary, based on the aforementioned system matching design, the power supply unit 100 can seamlessly switch between battery power supply and other power supply modes. Specifically, the motor system is designed with a wide voltage input range, enabling it to actively adapt to the inherent voltage changes of the battery pack during discharge, thereby ensuring stable performance of the electric work machinery even in pure battery power mode. That is, when switching to battery power, the battery pack voltage may also fluctuate. The motor's wide voltage input range characteristic allows it to operate stably even when the battery pack voltage changes, ensuring the electric work machinery can operate normally under different power supply methods and enhancing the equipment's adaptability to different power supply conditions.

[0092] Furthermore, the DC voltage U dcThe voltage of the motor is approaching the nominal rated voltage of the electric work machinery, where the nominal rated voltage of the motor is equal to the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs connected in series. This can be understood as:

[0093] When DC voltage U dc As the motor approaches its nominal rated voltage, it can operate near its optimal design performance. The motor's speed, torque, and other performance parameters are designed based on the nominal rated voltage; near this voltage, the motor can operate according to its expected performance specifications. Since the motor's nominal rated voltage is equal to the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs connected in series, and the DC voltage U... dc The voltage approaches the nominal rated voltage, allowing for a smooth connection between the DC voltage output by the power supply unit and the battery pack's supply voltage. When switching from power supply unit 100 to battery pack 300, or vice versa, the motor can operate at a suitable voltage, achieving seamless switching between power supply methods and further improving the versatility and compatibility of electric work machinery in different power supply scenarios.

[0094] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the nominal voltage of the multiple battery packs 300 connected in series is 140V-190V.

[0095] Furthermore, in one embodiment, when there are two battery packs, the nominal voltage of the battery pack is 70V, 72V, 80V, 82V, 86V, 90V, or 95V.

[0096] Furthermore, when the output connector 20 is connected to the electric work machine 200, the DC voltage U dc The average value is limited to the AC voltage U. ac Peak V m Within a range of ±12%, the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series is further within this range, thus ensuring compatibility between mains power supply mode and battery power supply mode in terms of electrical parameters. That is, it ensures that when switching between mains power (through the power supply device) and battery power, the operating voltage at the motor end always falls within a "safe and compatible" narrow range, thereby achieving true "seamless switching".

[0097] Assume system parameters:

[0098] Input AC voltage U ac =110V (RMS);

[0099] AC voltage peak

[0100] Design range: V m (±12%) = 136.9V~174.3V

[0101] When the power supply unit 100 is under its maximum design load, its average output voltage will not be lower than -12%V. m (i.e., 136.9V). This is determined by the filter capacitor capacity and the load current.

[0102] The nominal voltage of the selected battery pack connected in series must fall within V. m This range is ±12% (i.e., 136.9V to 174.3V). For example, a 160V battery pack falls within this range.

[0103] When using power supply unit 100: the output voltage fluctuates between 136.9V and 174.3V (close to 174.3V under no-load and close to 136.9V under heavy load).

[0104] When using a battery pack: the battery's nominal voltage (e.g., 160V) also falls within this range. Even if the battery voltage gradually decreases from 160V during discharge, as long as it does not drop below 136.9V, it remains within the system's compatibility range.

[0105] Therefore, regardless of the power supply used, the voltage received by the motor always remains within the common range of 136.9V to 174.3V, and there will be no voltage jumps.

[0106] Overall, this technical solution, through parameter design, constrains the output voltage fluctuation range (±12%) of the rectifier and filter circuit within the wide voltage operating range (±20%) of the motor; simultaneously, it ensures that the nominal voltage of the matching battery pack also falls within this ±12% constraint range. This guarantees that the output characteristics of both power supplies are within the safe range of motor compatibility, achieving seamless compatibility with the highest reliability using the simplest circuitry.

[0107] In other words: the power supply side adopts a wide voltage tolerance, and the motor system of the electric operating machinery is designed or selected to have a wide voltage operating capability, with its nominal operating voltage allowed to fluctuate within a range of ±20%; the power supply side is subject to controlled voltage fluctuations, and the power supply device 100 is designed such that its average output voltage U under load is within a certain range. dc The fluctuations are constrained to the peak AC voltage V. m Within a range of ±12%, the controlled fluctuation range (±12%) on the power supply side is completely placed within the wide voltage tolerance range (±20%) on the motor side. Simultaneously, the total nominal voltage of the battery pack connected in series also falls within the ±12% compatibility range, ensuring that the inherent, permissible fluctuations of the power supply always remain within a safe range easily tolerated by the motor. This allows users to achieve a smooth, reliable, and seamless switching between battery power and AC power (via this power supply device 100) without modifying the equipment, greatly improving the versatility and ease of use of the device.

[0108] Furthermore, from an energy transfer perspective, a higher DC operating voltage This helps reduce line current and conduction losses when transmitting the same power. Combined with a circuit that has no conversion losses, the overall energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved.

[0109] Specifically, when the output connector 20 is connected to the electric work machinery 200, the DC voltage U dc It usually fluctuates and produces ripples.

[0110] In this application, the DC voltage U dc The average value is located at AC voltage U ac Peak V m A tolerance of ±12% is considered an acceptable voltage fluctuation range for the electric work machinery 200. This is particularly important because the motor current increases during startup and under overload, potentially causing a momentary drop in the supply voltage. The set voltage fluctuation range must account for the motor's normal starting and short-term overload capabilities under these special operating conditions, ensuring that the motor will not fail to start due to excessively low voltage or be damaged by excessive voltage drop under overload. This is understandable.

[0111] Even if DC voltage U dc Due to factors such as ripple, a certain degree of fluctuation may occur. As long as the voltage after the fluctuation remains within this range, the electric working machinery 200 can operate relatively stably. For example, for some power tools that are not very sensitive to voltage fluctuations, such as electric drills, within this voltage range, the speed and torque of their motors will not change significantly due to small voltage fluctuations caused by ripple, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of drilling operations.

[0112] Meanwhile, when designing the filter circuit of the power supply device 100, it is not necessary to suppress the ripple to a very low level. In a preferred embodiment, the basic circuit 30 is configured such that, under the rated load of the electric work machinery 200, its output DC voltage U dc The ripple factor is no greater than 10%. Especially in cost-sensitive applications, such as portable power tools, simplifying the filtering circuit can make the power supply device more compact and lightweight, while reducing production costs.

[0113] In addition, the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series is also at AC voltage U. ac Peak V mWithin a ±12% deviation range, when the electric machinery 200 switches between mains power (via power supply device 100) and power from multiple battery packs 300, the nominal voltage of the multiple battery packs 300 naturally falls within the allowable fluctuation range of the DC voltage output by power supply device 100. Even if there is DC voltage ripple when powered by mains, the voltage change felt by the electric machinery 200 at the moment of switching is within an acceptable range. For example, when an electric lawnmower switches from battery power to mains power, the motor will not experience significant speed fluctuations or stoppages due to voltage sudden changes, achieving a smooth switching of power supply methods.

[0114] In one specific embodiment, the AC voltage U ac The nominal voltage is 110V. Adaptably, the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series is 160V. This battery pack can be constructed by connecting two or four sub-cells with corresponding nominal voltages (e.g., when using two battery packs, each nominal voltage is 80V). This design ensures that the rectified and filtered open-circuit DC voltage U... dc (Approximately 155.6V) naturally approaches the nominal voltage of the battery pack (160V), thus laying the numerical foundation for voltage matching and seamless switching.

[0115] In general, when the output connector 20 is not connected to the electric work machinery 200 (i.e., no-load open circuit), the DC voltage is... (based on U) ac =110V), and the DC voltage U dc Designed to match the battery pack's supply voltage range, i.e., DC voltage U dc It is within 20% of the nominal voltage deviation of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series.

[0116] Specifically, the nominal voltage of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series is 140V to 190V, with 160V being a typical embodiment.

[0117] More specifically, when the battery pack consists of two batteries, its nominal voltage is 70V, 72V, 80V, 82V, 86V, 90V, or 95V.

[0118] DC voltage The voltage range after multiple battery packs are connected in series is between 140V and 190V, and meets the requirement of a ±20% deviation. Specifically, 140V × (1-20%) = 112V, 190V × (1+20%) = 228V, 112V < 155.6V < 228V, indicating that in the open-circuit state, the DC voltage U dc The voltage range is matched when multiple battery packs are connected in series.

[0119] This voltage setting ensures excellent compatibility between the power supply unit and battery power. When electric work machinery needs to switch between AC power (via this power supply unit) and battery power, the DC voltage in the open circuit matches the series voltage range of the battery pack, resulting in minimal voltage surges during the switch and a smooth transition without malfunctions or performance degradation due to voltage mismatch. For example, in some outdoor power tool usage scenarios, users can first use battery power for mobile work, and then easily switch to AC power when they return to an area with AC power to continue working without worrying about voltage compatibility issues.

[0120] When the output connector 20 is connected to the electric work machine 200, the DC voltage U dc The average value is located at AC voltage U ac Peak V m The deviation range is within 12%. Calculate this range: Lower limit = V m ×(1-12%)=136.9V; Upper limit = V m ×(1+12%)=174.3V.

[0121] To ensure compatibility, the voltage range of the matching battery pack 300 is also set within this range. Specifically, when there are two battery packs, the nominal voltage range of the battery pack 300 is 72V to 86V, specifically 72V, 80V, 82V, or 86V. The voltage range of the two battery packs connected in series is 144V to 172V. Thus, the total voltage range of the battery packs falls entirely within the aforementioned compatible range of 136.9V to 174.3V, ensuring that the electric work machinery can operate normally when switching power between multiple battery packs 300 and the power supply device 100.

[0122] This voltage setting provides the power supply unit 100 with good flexibility in different application scenarios. For example, when the electric work machinery 200 is without mains power, it can be powered by multiple battery packs 300. Since the nominal voltage range of the battery packs is compatible with the DC voltage range output by the power supply unit 100, the user can switch the power supply mode without making complex voltage adjustments to the electric work machinery 200.

[0123] In an environment with mains power, the power supply device 100 can convert AC voltage to DC voltage to power the electric work machine 200. Moreover, within the allowable fluctuation range of the average DC voltage, even if the mains voltage fluctuates or the load of the electric work machine changes, causing voltage fluctuations, the basic operating requirements of the electric work machine can still be met.

[0124] Further, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the basic circuit 30 includes a single-phase full-wave rectifier and a filter capacitor. The single-phase full-wave rectifier converts the AC voltage U...ac The voltage becomes a pulsating DC voltage, and the filter capacitor converts the pulsating DC voltage into a smooth DC voltage U. dc .

[0125] The single-phase full-wave rectifier is an important component of the basic circuit 30. In a single-phase full-wave rectifier circuit, four diodes are typically used to form a bridge rectifier structure (although there are other forms of single-phase full-wave rectifier circuits). During both the positive and negative half-cycles of the AC voltage, current can flow through the rectifier to the load, thereby achieving full-wave rectification and obtaining a pulsating DC output.

[0126] The filter capacitor works in conjunction with a single-phase full-wave rectifier to convert pulsating DC voltage into a smooth DC voltage. The filter capacitor serves both energy storage and filtering functions. When the pulsating DC voltage is at its peak, the capacitor charges and stores energy; when the pulsating DC voltage is at its trough, the capacitor discharges and releases energy, thus filling the trough portion of the pulsating DC voltage and making the output voltage smoother.

[0127] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, continuing to refer to FIG5, a PFC circuit is also included. The output terminal of the PFC circuit is connected to the AC input terminal of the single-phase full-wave rectifier, and the DC output terminal of the single-phase full-wave rectifier is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the filter capacitor.

[0128] The main function of the PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit is to improve the power factor of the power supply device 100. The output of the PFC circuit is connected to the AC input of the single-phase full-wave rectifier. The AC voltage processed by the PFC circuit is input into the single-phase full-wave rectifier, which can ensure that the AC voltage entering the rectifier has better waveform quality and power factor characteristics, providing a better input signal for the subsequent rectification and filtering processes, which is beneficial to improving the performance and efficiency of the entire power supply device. The PFC circuit can be an active PFC circuit or a passive PFC circuit.

[0129] Thus, it can be seen that this solution has achieved system stability by accommodating power supply fluctuations (±12%) within a "wide voltage range (±20%)". The PFC circuit is designed to improve the input current waveform, has limited impact on the DC average value and ripple of the output voltage, and does not change the core working principle of "system matching".

[0130] Furthermore, in another optional embodiment, continuing to refer to Figure 6, a voltage regulator circuit is also included to accommodate applications with higher stability requirements. The input terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the output terminal of the filter capacitor. It is understood that although the filter capacitor can convert pulsating DC voltage into a smoother DC voltage, this DC voltage may still be affected by factors such as input AC voltage fluctuations and load changes. The main function of the voltage regulator circuit is to maintain the stability of the output DC voltage under these conditions, ensuring it is largely unaffected by external factors and remains near a set voltage value. Thus, the filter capacitor and the voltage regulator circuit work together to provide high-quality DC power to the electric machinery. The filter capacitor removes high-frequency ripple components from the pulsating DC voltage, making the voltage waveform smoother; the voltage regulator circuit further stabilizes the voltage amplitude, addressing various factors that may cause voltage changes. In this way, by configuring the voltage regulator circuit, additional voltage accuracy assurance is provided on top of the existing wide voltage compatibility.

[0131] Referring again to Figures 1 and 3, the power supply device 100 includes a housing 40, which has two electromechanical interface portions 401 that are identical in shape and size to the output ends 301 of the multiple battery packs 300, so as to be able to directly replace the multiple battery packs 300 in terms of physical structure and to electromechanically connect with the battery mounting portion 201 of the electric work machinery 200.

[0132] Specifically, the output connector 20 can be latched to the electric work machine 200 via the electromechanical interface 401. That is, the housing 40 is detachably and mechanically locked to the battery mounting section 201 of the electric work machine 200 by means of a mechanical latch 403. The mechanical latch 403 is equipped with an unlocking button 404, which is elastic. When the housing 40 is inserted into the battery mounting section 201 of the electric work machine 200, the mechanical latch 403 automatically engages and locks in the battery mounting section 201. Pressing the unlocking button 404 disengages the mechanical latch 403 from the battery mounting section 201, allowing the housing 40 to be pulled out and removed in the opposite direction. It is understood that the output ends 301 of multiple battery packs 300 have the same latching structure configuration.

[0133] Thus, the output ends 301 of the multiple battery packs 300 have the same latching structure configuration, which further enhances the versatility between the power supply unit 100 and the multiple battery packs 300. Whether using battery packs or a power supply unit to power electric work machinery, the user can use the same operating method for installation and removal.

[0134] Further, continuing to refer to Figure 3, the housing 40 has two components, such as a first housing 40a and a second housing 40b, to partition the basic circuit 30 within housings 40a and 40b, and to maintain an electrical connection between them, for example, by using a cable 50 to electrically connect the first housing 40a and the second housing 40b; wherein,

[0135] The rectification and filtering of the basic circuit 30 are housed in the same enclosure, such as in the first enclosure 40a or the second enclosure 40b.

[0136] On the one hand, the design of the two shells can be adapted to the physical size and shape of the dual battery packs. The power supply device 100 of the two shells can better imitate the outline of the dual battery packs. This similar shape design makes the installation process more intuitive and convenient when the user replaces the dual battery packs 300 with the power supply device 100. The user can install the two shells 40 into the corresponding battery installation positions of the electric work machinery 200 in the same way as installing the dual battery packs 300, reducing the installation difficulties that may be caused by shape differences and improving replacement efficiency.

[0137] On the other hand, partitioning the basic circuit 30 into two housings 40 reduces electromagnetic interference between circuits. Different functional circuit sections may generate electromagnetic radiation during operation; partitioning reduces mutual electromagnetic influence, improving circuit stability and reliability. Furthermore, placing rectification and filtering in the same housing 40 optimizes circuit layout. Centralizing them shortens circuit trace lengths, reducing signal transmission loss and interference. Additionally, rectification and filtering processes generate heat during operation; concentrating them within a single housing allows for specialized heat dissipation design for areas with concentrated heat. For example, heat sinks and ventilation holes on the housing can effectively dissipate heat, preventing overheating from affecting circuit performance and lifespan.

[0138] Furthermore, the positive and negative output terminals of the power supply device 100 are located on different electromechanical interface sections 401, which reduces the possibility of accidental short circuits. In practical applications, especially during frequent connection and disconnection of the power supply device from electric work machinery, if the positive and negative output terminals are too close together, short circuits may occur due to misoperation, interface wear, or the entry of conductive foreign objects. By separating the positive and negative output terminals into different interface sections 401, the physical distance between the two terminals is increased, greatly reducing the risk of short circuits and ensuring the safety of the power supply system. For example, at construction sites, power tools may be used in complex environments, and dust, metal shavings, and other debris can easily enter the interface. This separate design effectively prevents short circuits caused by debris.

[0139] Further referring to Figures 1, 5, and 6, the housing 40 has a discharge control switch 402, and a discharge resistor R is configured on its connection circuit. One end of the discharge resistor R is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor. When the discharge control switch 402 is pressed, it will connect a discharge circuit. The charge stored in the filter capacitor will form a discharge current through this resistor, and the electrical energy will be consumed in the form of heat energy on the resistor R, thereby realizing the release of charge.

[0140] Thus, when the power supply device 100 is not in use or requires maintenance, the discharge control switch 402 on the housing 40 can actively release the charge stored in energy storage components such as filter capacitors. Even after the power supply device is disconnected from the power source, capacitors and other components may still store some charge. If an operator unknowingly touches the relevant circuitry, there is a risk of electric shock. By operating the discharge control switch 402, these residual charges can be safely released, greatly reducing the risk of electric shock and protecting the operator's safety. Especially in certain situations, such as when the power supply device is reconnected to the circuit after a long period of disuse, the residual charge on energy storage components such as capacitors may impact other components in the circuit, causing damage. The discharge control switch 402 can release these residual charges before the power supply device is put back into use, avoiding damage to circuit components (such as semiconductor devices and integrated circuits) caused by instantaneous high voltage due to charge accumulation, extending the service life of the power supply device, and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0141] Furthermore, when replacing the battery pack, residual charge in the capacitors of the power supply unit 100 may generate electrical sparks during connection or disconnection, affecting connection stability and potentially damaging the interface of the electric work machinery. By setting a discharge control switch 402, residual charge inside the power supply unit is released before battery pack replacement, making its state during connection and disconnection more similar to that of the battery pack. This improves the operational compatibility between the power supply unit and the battery pack, ensuring that the replacement process does not adversely affect the electric work machinery.

[0142] Referring to FIG7, this application also relates to a combination of a power supply device 100 and an electric work machine 200, wherein the power supply device 100 is as described above; the electric work machine 200 includes:

[0143] Motor M, which is configured to receive DC voltage U dc Generate driving force;

[0144] The tool is configured to be driven by a driving force generated by an electric motor; wherein,

[0145] Motor M is a three-phase brushless DC motor.

[0146] Furthermore, the electric work machine 200 also includes:

[0147] The drive circuit 202 is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the motor;

[0148] The controller 203, which is electrically connected to the drive circuit 202, is configured to control the motor M according to the magnetic field orientation control.

[0149] Specifically, the drive circuit 202 includes multiple drive switches Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6. The drive circuit 202 is a circuit that drives the motor M to rotate by switching the energizing state of each phase winding of the motor M and controlling the energizing current of each phase winding.

[0150] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0151] The current detection unit 204 is configured to detect the three-phase stator current i in real time during motor operation. a i b i c The detected current is converted into i in the dq coordinate system using Clark and Park transformations. d and i q ;

[0152] The current comparison and adjustment unit 205 is configured to compare and adjust the actual detected i d and i q The current deviation is compared with the preset reference value in controller 203, and the current deviation is adjusted by the regulator to output u. d and u q ;in,

[0153] u after adjustment by the regulator d and u q Through inverse Park and inverse Clark transformations, it is converted into a voltage command u in a three-phase stationary coordinate system. a u b u c This is used to generate PWM signals to control the on and off of the power switching transistors in the drive circuit 202, thereby regulating the phase current of the motor M.

[0154] Specifically, regarding coordinate transformation:

[0155] Clark Transform: The three-phase stator windings of a BLDC motor are spatially separated by 120° electrical degrees. Through the Clark transformation, the current i in the three-phase stationary coordinate system (abc coordinate system) is transformed... a i b i c Convert the current i to a two-phase stationary coordinate system (αβ coordinate system) α iβ The conversion formula is:

[0156] Park transformation: This further transforms the current from the αβ coordinate system to the synchronous rotating coordinate system (dq coordinate system). In the dq coordinate system, the d-axis coincides with the direction of the rotor magnetic field, and the q-axis leads the d-axis by 90° electrical angle. The purpose of the Park transformation is to convert AC quantities into DC quantities for easier control. The conversion formula is:

[0157] Where θ is the position angle of the rotor magnetic field, which can be obtained by a position sensor of the motor (such as a Hall sensor) or a sensorless algorithm.

[0158] In the dq coordinate system, the mathematical model of the motor is simplified. The d-axis current is mainly used to control the motor's magnetic field, and the q-axis current is mainly used to control the motor's torque. Decoupled control of the motor's magnetic field and torque is achieved through independent control of both the d-axis and q-axis currents. Let i d =0, at this time the motor torque is determined only by the q-axis current, and the torque formula is T = K t i q K t is the torque constant.

[0159] Regarding current closed-loop control:

[0160] During motor operation, the three-phase stator current i is monitored in real time. a i b i c Through the Clark and Park transformations described above, the detected current is converted into i in the dq coordinate system. d and i q .

[0161] The actual detected i d and i q The reference value i preset in controller 203 dref and i qref When comparing input voltage ripple, it causes the actual current to deviate from the reference value. For example, ripple voltage may increase or decrease the phase current. In this case, the current deviation is adjusted using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. Taking q-axis current regulation as an example, the output of the PI controller is: u q =K p (i qref -i q )+K i ∫(i qref -i q )dt

[0162] Among them, K p K is the proportionality coefficient. iThis is the integral coefficient. The function of a PI controller is to continuously adjust the output voltage to make the actual current track the reference current.

[0163] u after adjustment by the PI controller d and u q Then, through inverse Park and inverse Clark transformations, it is converted into a voltage command u in a three-phase stationary coordinate system. a u b u c These voltage commands are used to generate PWM signals to control the on and off of the power switching transistors in the drive circuit 202, thereby regulating the phase current of the motor and keeping it stable.

[0164] Since the motor torque T = K t i q By controlling the q-axis current, a stable torque output from the motor can be ensured even when there is input voltage ripple. When the ripple voltage causes current fluctuations, the FOC algorithm adjusts the current in a timely manner through current closed-loop control to minimize torque fluctuations. For example, when the ripple causes a momentary increase in current, the PI regulator will reduce the output voltage and lower the current, thereby maintaining torque stability.

[0165] During motor operation, the controller typically adjusts the speed based on motor speed feedback (such as through an encoder or speed estimation algorithm). qref When input voltage ripple affects motor speed, the speed feedback signal will cause the controller to adjust i. qref By using the FOC algorithm for closed-loop current control, the motor torque is changed to restore the motor speed to the set value. For example, when ripple causes the motor speed to decrease, the controller will increase i. qref The FOC algorithm is used to increase the motor torque, thereby increasing the speed.

[0166] This is to achieve a stabilizing effect on torque and speed.

[0167] Therefore, it can be seen that when the input voltage has ripple, the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm can significantly reduce its impact on the torque and speed of the BLDC motor.

[0168] In summary, the combination of the power supply device 100 and the electric work machinery 200 provided in this application, based on the power supply device 100, eliminates interference such as harmonics introduced during voltage conversion, resulting in a purer and more stable DC output voltage. For the three-phase brushless DC motor in the electric work machinery 200, a stable voltage input ensures smooth motor torque and constant speed. This helps improve the working accuracy and stability of the electric work machinery 200, reducing the risk of equipment damage due to voltage fluctuations. Moreover, by reducing the number of fault points caused by complex voltage conversion circuits, the reliability of the power supply device 100 is significantly improved, reducing equipment downtime due to power supply problems and ensuring continuous operation.

[0169] Referring further to FIG8, this application also provides an electrical device 500, which is adapted to be selectively DC driven by a plurality of interconnected, nominally identical battery packs 300, or DC driven by a power supply device 100, which is adapted to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ;

[0170] As described above, the power supply device 100 includes a basic circuit 30, which supplies AC voltage U ac Convert to directly output DC voltage U dc The process includes rectification and filtering but no voltage ramp-up / pull-down conversion, in order to convert the AC voltage U... ac After basic rectification and filtering, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving electrical equipment 500 operation. dc ;

[0171] When the power supply device 100 is not supplying power to the electrical equipment 500, the basic circuit 30 is in an open circuit state. And it is within 20% of the nominal voltage deviation of multiple battery packs 300 connected in series.

[0172] Similarly, the basic circuit 30 is also configured to output a DC voltage U when supplying power to the electrical device 500. dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

[0173] Furthermore, the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electrical equipment 500 is located at AC voltage U. ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

[0174] Specifically, the electrical equipment 500 includes an AC input interface 504 and a battery pack mounting part 505. The AC input interface 504 is used to connect external AC power to the power supply device 100. The battery pack mounting part 505 is used to connect multiple battery packs 300. Preferably, the multiple battery packs 300 are detachably connected to the battery pack mounting part 505. The DC power of the power supply device 100 and the multiple battery packs 300 are respectively input to the switching circuit 501, so as to connect to the controller 502 of the electrical equipment 500 through the switching circuit 501. The controller 502 inputs power to the working source 503 to drive the working source 503 to operate.

[0175] In this way, the equipment can be powered by both external AC power and battery power simultaneously, making it suitable for different scenarios. In an indoor environment with a stable AC power supply, the power supply unit 100 can provide power to ensure continuous and stable operation of the equipment. Outdoors or in the event of an AC power outage, the system can quickly switch to battery power 300 to maintain normal operation, greatly improving the equipment's flexibility and environmental adaptability.

[0176] The switching circuit 501 can intelligently control the power switching between the power supply device 100 and multiple battery packs 300 according to actual needs. For example, when the AC power input to the power supply device 100 is detected to be stable and meets the power requirements of the equipment, AC power is used first; when the AC power is abnormal or the equipment load increases, resulting in insufficient power supply, the circuit automatically switches to the battery packs 300 for power supply, ensuring the stability and reliability of the power supply.

[0177] Furthermore, the power supply device 100 is located inside the electrical equipment 500. Of course, the power supply device 100 can also be located outside the electrical equipment 500 and electrically connected to the electrical equipment 500 via a detachable connector.

[0178] Furthermore, electrical equipment 500 includes motorized equipment containing motors or other non-motorized electrical equipment, such as refrigerators, lighting fixtures, etc.

[0179] When the electrical equipment 500 is a motorized device including a motor, the motor of the electrical equipment 500 is configured to have a wide voltage input range and be able to operate normally within ±20% of its nominal rated voltage.

[0180] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ; The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ; An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein: The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ; When the output connector is not connected to the electric work machinery, the basic circuit is in an open circuit state, and the DC voltage U dc satisfy And the DC voltage U dc It is within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electric operating machinery.

2. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic circuit is also configured to output a DC voltage U when the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery. dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

3. The power supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electric work machinery is located at the AC voltage U. ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

4. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The DC motor of the electric operating machine is configured to have a wide voltage input range, enabling it to operate normally within ±20% of its nominal rated voltage.

5. The power supply device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The DC voltage U dc The nominal rated voltage of the motor of the electric work machinery is close to or equal to that of the motor, and the nominal rated voltage of the motor is equal to the total nominal voltage of the plurality of series-connected battery packs.

6. The power supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs is 140V to 190V.

7. The power supply device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs is 160V.

8. The power supply device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The AC voltage U ac It is 110V.

9. The power supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic circuit includes a single-phase full-wave rectifier and a filter capacitor. The single-phase full-wave rectifier converts the AC voltage U... ac The filter capacitor converts the pulsating DC voltage into a smooth DC voltage U. dc .

10. The power supply device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes an additional PFC circuit, the output of which is connected to the AC input of the single-phase full-wave rectifier.

11. The power supply device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes an additional voltage regulator circuit, the input of which is connected to the output of the filter capacitor.

12. The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The power supply device includes a housing, which has an electromechanical interface portion that is identical in shape and size to the output end of the battery pack, for replacing the battery pack in connection with the electric work machinery.

13. The power supply device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The outer casing is a split structure, comprising a first outer casing and a second outer casing electrically connected by a cable.

14. The power supply device according to claim 13, characterized in that: The rectification and filtering units of the basic circuit are located in the same housing in the first housing or the second housing.

15. The power supply device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The positive and negative output terminals of the power supply device are located on different electromechanical interface sections.

16. The power supply device according to claim 12, characterized in that: The outer casing has a discharge control switch for discharging residual charge in the filter unit of the basic circuit.

17. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ; The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ; An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein: The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ; When the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery, its output DC voltage U dc The dynamic response to load changes is constrained by the physical characteristics of the underlying circuit, which include at least the capacitance of the capacitor in the filter unit.

18. The power supply device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The physical characteristic parameters also include the line impedance in the circuit.

19. The power supply device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The power supply device is configured such that, when its load suddenly increases, the DC voltage U... dc A momentary drop occurs, the magnitude and duration of which are constrained by the sudden increase in load current and the capacitance of the capacitor in the filter unit.

20. The power supply device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The power supply device is configured such that when its load suddenly decreases, the DC voltage U... dc It begins to recover, and the rate of recovery is related to the final steady-state value by the AC voltage U. ac The amplitude and the line impedance in the circuit are jointly constrained.

21. The power supply device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that: The power supply device is configured to output an unloaded voltage U. dc satisfy And the no-load output voltage U dc It is within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electric operating machinery.

22. The power supply device according to claim 21, characterized in that: The basic circuit is also configured to output a DC voltage U when the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery. dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

23. The power supply device according to claim 22, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electric work machinery is also located at the AC voltage U. ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

24. The power supply device according to claim 21, characterized in that: The DC motor of the electric operating machine is configured to have a wide voltage input range, enabling it to operate normally within ±20% of its nominal rated voltage.

25. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: The input connector is configured to receive an input AC voltage U. ac ; The basic circuit, which includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U... ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving electric work machinery is output. dc ; An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, is adapted to deliver the DC voltage U. dc The power supply is fed to the electric work machinery to drive it, and the electric work machinery is also adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein: The motor of the electric operating machine is configured to operate normally within a first voltage range, which is ±20% of its nominal rated voltage. The power supply device is configured to output a DC voltage U under load. dc The average value is constrained within the second voltage range; The second voltage range is completely contained within the first voltage range.

26. The power supply device according to claim 25, characterized in that: The second voltage range is the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m ±12%.

27. The power supply device according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs is within the second voltage range.

28. The power supply device according to claim 25, characterized in that: The no-load output voltage U of the power supply device dc satisfy And the no-load output voltage U dc It is within the first voltage range.

29. The power supply device according to claim 25, characterized in that: The output dynamic response of the power supply device is passively determined by the capacitance and circuit impedance of the filter unit, and the voltage fluctuations during the dynamic process are included within the first voltage range.

30. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: The input connector is configured to receive an input with a peak value of V. m AC voltage U ac ; The basic circuit is configured to transfer the AC voltage U ac Convert to output DC voltage U dc ; An output connector, configured to be detachably connected to an electric work machine, and adapted to deliver the DC voltage U dc The energy is supplied to the electric work machinery, which is adapted to be DC driven by multiple battery packs of the same nominal size connected in series; wherein, The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electric work machinery. dc ; When the output connector is connected to the electric work machinery, the DC voltage U dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m The nominal voltage of the battery packs is within ±12% of the rated voltage, and the nominal voltage of the battery packs connected in series is within this range.

31. The power supply device according to claim 30, characterized in that: The AC voltage U ac It is 110V, and its peak value is V. m It is 155.6V.

32. The power supply device according to claim 30, characterized in that: When the battery pack consists of two batteries, the nominal voltage range of the battery pack is 72V to 86V.

33. The power supply device according to claim 32, characterized in that: The nominal voltage of the battery pack is 72V, 80V, 82V, or 86V.

34. A power supply device configured to supply power to an electric working machine, characterized in that: The electric work machinery is also suitable for being driven by multiple series-connected battery packs with the same nominal rating, and its DC motor is capable of operating normally within ±20% of the nominal rated voltage. The power supply device includes: The input terminal is used to receive AC voltage U. ac ; The basic circuitry includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion. Output terminal, for operably coupled to the power input terminal of the electric working machinery; The electrical parameters of the power supply device satisfy the following: (a) When the output terminal is unloaded, its output voltage U dc satisfy And the output voltage U dc It is located within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the plurality of series-connected battery packs; (b) When the output terminal supplies power to the electric working machinery, its output voltage U dc The average value is constrained by the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12% of; Furthermore, the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs is also located at the peak voltage V. m Within ±12%.

35. The power supply device according to claim 34, characterized in that: The power supply device is configured to work in conjunction with the electric work machinery in any of the following ways: (i) as a standalone unit, detachably connected to the electric work machinery via an output connector; or, (ii) As a built-in unit, it is disposed inside the electric working machinery.

36. The power supply device according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that: The power supply device is configured such that its output voltage U dc The dynamic response to load changes is constrained by the physical characteristic parameters of the basic circuit, which include at least the capacitance of the capacitor in the filter unit.

37. A combination of a power supply device and an electric working machine, characterized in that: The power supply device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 36 above; The electric work machinery includes: The motor is configured to receive the DC voltage U dc Generate driving force; The tool is configured to be driven by the driving force generated by the motor.

38. The power supply device according to claim 37, characterized in that, Also includes: Drive circuit; The motor is a three-phase brushless DC motor, and the drive circuit is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the motor. A controller, electrically connected to the drive circuit, is configured to control the motor based on magnetic field orientation control.

39. An electrical appliance, characterized in that: The electrical equipment is adapted to be selectively DC driven by a plurality of battery packs of nominally identical specifications connected in series, or by a power supply device. The power supply device is adapted to receive input AC voltage U ac It includes a basic circuit; The basic circuit includes a rectifier unit and a filter unit, and is configured not to perform any buck-boost conversion to convert the AC voltage U ac After rectification and filtering by the rectifier unit and the filter unit, the output is a unidirectional DC voltage U suitable for driving the electrical equipment. dc ; The power supply device is configured such that when it is not supplying power to the electrical equipment, its output DC voltage U dc satisfy And the DC voltage U dc It is within ±20% of the total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs.

40. The electrical equipment according to claim 39, characterized in that: The basic circuit is also configured to output a DC voltage U when supplying power to the electrical equipment. dc The average value is located at the AC voltage U ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

41. The electrical equipment according to claim 39, characterized in that: The total nominal voltage of the multiple series-connected battery packs adapted to the electrical equipment is located at the AC voltage U. ac Peak voltage V m Within ±12%.

42. The electrical equipment according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that: The power supply device is located inside the electrical equipment or outside the electrical equipment, and is electrically connected to the electrical equipment via a detachable connector.

43. The electrical equipment according to any one of claims 39 to 41, characterized in that: The electrical equipment includes motorized equipment containing a motor or other non-motorized electrical equipment.

44. The electrical equipment according to claim 43, characterized in that: The motor of the electrical equipment is configured to have a wide voltage input range, enabling it to operate normally within ±20% of its nominal rated voltage.

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