Sensing method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a sensing method and apparatus. In the method, a sensing device acquires a single-carrier sensing signal modulated by using π / 2-BPSK, and sends the sensing signal. The sensing signal satisfies an EVM equalizer spectrum flatness requirement. The EVM equalizer spectrum flatness requirement is that a difference between the maximum and minimum magnitudes of EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold. On the basis of the EVM equalizer spectrum flatness requirement, the EVM equalizer spectrum flatness of the sensing signal can be limited, thereby controlling the degree of radio frequency distortion of the sensing signal and selected FDSS, and improving sensing performance.

Description

A sensing method and device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2025101276252, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on January 27, 2025, entitled "A Sensing Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a sensing method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] Wireless sensing technology analyzes and interprets changes in the propagation of wireless signals in the environment to obtain the characteristics of the signal propagation space, thereby achieving scene perception. Radio frequency sensing (RF sensing) technology is one type of wireless sensing technology. RF sensing technology can be applied to devices that transmit or receive radio frequency signals. These devices can utilize the propagation characteristics of radio frequency signals to perceive environmental information. By analyzing changes in radio frequency signals during propagation, such as reflection, scattering, attenuation, and the Doppler effect, they can identify the presence, location, motion, and material properties of objects.

[0004] Currently, there is a problem of insufficient sensing performance when using radio frequency signals for radio frequency sensing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a sensing method and apparatus to improve sensing performance by limiting the sensing signal to meet the spectral flatness requirements of the error vector amplitude EVM equalizer.

[0006] In a first aspect of this application, a sensing method is provided. This sensing method can be applied to a sensing device. The sensing device acquires a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The sensing device transmits the single-carrier sensing signal. The transmitted sensing signal meets the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement. The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement is that the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold. Based on the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness of the sensing signal is limited. This allows control over the degree of radio frequency distortion suffered by the sensing signal and the frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) used in acquiring the baseband signal, thereby improving sensing performance.

[0007] In one possible implementation, a first range and a second range are defined based on the relationship between the absolute value of the difference between the frequency and the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal and a frequency threshold. The first range includes frequencies where the absolute value of the difference between the frequency and the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal is less than or equal to the frequency threshold. The second range includes frequencies where the absolute value of the difference between the frequency and the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal is greater than the frequency threshold. When the frequency resource occupied by the sensed signal belongs to the first range, the difference threshold is the first threshold. When the frequency resource occupied by the sensed signal belongs to the second range, the difference threshold is the second threshold. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold. Different frequency ranges correspond to different difference thresholds, and the difference threshold is larger for frequency ranges farther from the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal. This facilitates the hardware implementation of the RF chain and also facilitates performance enhancement of the sensed signal, such as increasing the design flexibility of the FDSS.

[0008] In one possible scenario, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the first frequency band. The first frequency band belongs to the first frequency range. The first frequency range is, for example, the frequency range 1 (FR1) of NR. The center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal is the center frequency of the first frequency band. It should be noted that the frequency resource occupied by the sensed signal and the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal have the same meaning; they are different expressions of the same meaning.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal include frequencies belonging to a first range and frequencies belonging to a second range. That is, a portion of the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the first range, while another portion belongs to the second range.

[0010] The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements also include: the difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficients of the perceived signal in the second range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficients of the perceived signal in the first range is less than or equal to a third threshold. The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficients of the perceived signal in the first range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficients of the perceived signal in the second range is less than or equal to a fourth threshold. Wherein, the third threshold is greater than the first threshold. The third threshold is less than the second threshold. The fourth threshold is greater than the first threshold. The fourth threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0011] In another possible scenario, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the first frequency range. The center frequency of the sensed signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the values ​​of the first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the power enhancement values ​​of the sensed signal power. As an example, the sensed signal is power-enhanced based on the first power.

[0013] As another example, the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal belong to a second frequency band. The second frequency band could be, for example, n40, n41, n77, n78, and n79 in FR1. The sensing signal is power-amplified based on a second power. The second power is greater than the first power.

[0014] The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements also include: the first threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the first threshold corresponding to the first power; the second threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the second threshold corresponding to the first power; and the frequency threshold corresponding to the second power is less than or equal to the frequency threshold corresponding to the first power.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the sensing device reports first capability information to the sensing management function network element. The first capability information characterizes the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a first power level. The sensing device acquires first indication information sent by the sensing management function network element. The first indication information instructs the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the first power level. The sensing device is able to perform power enhancement using the first power level based on the first indication information.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the sensing device reports second capability information to the sensing management function network element. The second capability information characterizes the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a second power. The sensing device acquires second indication information sent by the sensing management function network element. The second indication information instructs the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the second power. The sensing device is able to perform power enhancement using the second power based on the second indication information.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is an access network device (such as a base station), and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is an access network device.

[0020] In another possible scenario, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to a second frequency range, and the center frequency of the sensed signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal. The second frequency range is, for example, frequency range 2 (FR2) of NR.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the sensed signal is generated through FDSS processing. The FDSS can also be constrained. For example, by restricting the use of rectangular window FDSS, sidelobes can be suppressed, thus improving weak target estimation performance.

[0022] The spectral flatness requirements for EVM equalizers also include: the window function of the FDSS must satisfy the following conditions:

[0023] in, It is a t The magnitude of (t,τ), a t (t,τ) is a window function a that shapes the frequency domain spectrum. t (t,f) is the time-domain filter response obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform, where t represents time, f represents frequency, M is the number of subcarriers included in the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal, and Y is a negative number.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer for the sensed signal is consistent with the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer in the communication scenario. This reduces the impact of the sensed signal on single-carrier π / 2-BPSK communication signals in the same frequency band and reduces protocol design complexity. In another possible implementation, the threshold value included in the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer for the sensed signal can be greater than the threshold value included in the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer in the communication scenario, thereby improving sensed performance.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device applied to the sensing device of the first aspect above. The device includes: a processing unit for acquiring a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2-BPSK, wherein the sensing signal meets the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement being that the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold; and a transceiver unit for transmitting the sensing signal. Thus, the transmitted sensing signal meets the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement. Based on the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness of the sensing signal is limited, thereby controlling the degree of radio frequency distortion suffered by the sensing signal and the frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) used in the acquisition of the baseband signal, thereby improving sensing performance.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal belong to a first range, the difference threshold is a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies included in the first range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is less than or equal to the frequency threshold.

[0027] or,

[0028] The frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal belong to the second range, and the difference threshold is the second threshold. The absolute value of the difference between the frequencies included in the second range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is greater than the frequency threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0029] For frequency ranges farther from the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal, the difference threshold required for the spectral flatness of the EVM equalizer is larger. This facilitates the hardware implementation of the RF chain and also makes it easier to enhance the performance of the sensing signal.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to a first frequency band, which in turn belongs to a first frequency range. The first frequency range is, for example, frequency range 1 (FR1) of NR. The center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal is determined based on the first frequency band. The center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal is the center frequency of the first frequency band.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal include frequencies belonging to a first range and frequencies belonging to a second range. That is, a portion of the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the first range, and another portion belongs to the second range.

[0032] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range is less than or equal to a third threshold, the third threshold is greater than the first threshold, and the third threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0033] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range is less than or equal to a fourth threshold, the fourth threshold is greater than the first threshold, and the fourth threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to a first frequency range, and the center frequency of the sensed signal is determined based on the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal. The center frequency of the sensed signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the sensed signal is power-amplified based on a first power, and a first threshold, a second threshold, and a frequency threshold correspond to the first power;

[0036] or,

[0037] The frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal belong to the second frequency band. The sensing signal is enhanced based on the second power. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the second power. The second power is greater than the first power.

[0038] The first threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the first threshold corresponding to the first power;

[0039] The second threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the second threshold corresponding to the first power;

[0040] The frequency threshold corresponding to the second power is less than or equal to the frequency threshold corresponding to the first power.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to report first capability information to the sensing management function network element. The first capability information characterizes the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a first power. The transceiver unit is also configured to acquire first indication information. The first indication information is used to instruct the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the first power.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to report second capability information to the sensing management function network element. The second capability information characterizes the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a second power. The transceiver unit is also configured to acquire second indication information. The second indication information is used to instruct the terminal device to perform power enhancement based on the second power.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is an access network device (such as a base station), and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is an access network device.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to a second frequency range. The second frequency range is, for example, frequency range 2 (FR2) of NR. The center frequency of the sensed signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the sensed signal is generated through frequency domain spectral shaping, where the window function of the frequency domain spectral shaping satisfies the following condition:

[0048] in, It is a t The magnitude of (t,τ), a t (t,τ) is a window function a that shapes the frequency domain spectrum. t (t,f) is the time-domain filter response obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform, where t represents time, f represents frequency, M is the number of subcarriers included in the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal, and Y is a negative number.

[0049] The above implementation allows for restrictions on FDSS, further improving perception performance. For example, by restricting the use of rectangular window FDSS, sidelobes can be suppressed, thus improving weak target estimation performance.

[0050] Thirdly, this application provides a communication device including at least one processor coupled to a memory.

[0051] In one example, the processor is configured to execute the method that implements the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. For example, the memory is configured to store a program or instructions; the at least one processor is configured to execute the program or instructions to cause the apparatus to implement the method that implements the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0052] Fourthly, this application provides a communication device, including at least one logic circuit and an input / output interface.

[0053] In one example, the logic circuit is used to perform the method described in the first aspect and any of its possible implementations as described above.

[0054] Fifthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the method described in the first aspect above and any possible implementation thereof.

[0055] Sixthly, this application provides a computer program product (or computer program) that, when executed by a processor, performs the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0056] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a chip system including at least one processor for supporting a communication device in implementing the functions involved in the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0057] In one possible design, the chip system may further include a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the communication device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices. Optionally, the chip system may also include interface circuitry that provides program instructions and / or data to the at least one processor.

[0058] Eighthly, this application provides a communication system comprising: a network device and a terminal device, wherein the network device is configured to transmit a single-carrier SSB to the terminal device; and the terminal device is configured to perform the method described in the first aspect and any one of the first aspects.

[0059] The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects two through eight can be found in the first aspect and its different implementation methods, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of OFDM generation and demodulation provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the input / output power curve of a power amplifier provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the generation process of a π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of PAPR of π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform generation process provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0065] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform generation process provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 7(a) is a schematic diagram of a single-station sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of a dual-station sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the wireless system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a sensing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 10(a) is a schematic diagram of the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figures 10(b) and 10(c) are schematic diagrams of a first range and a second range provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the spectral flatness requirements of an EVM equalizer for sensed signals provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement for sensing signals provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the interaction process between a terminal device and an SMF network element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figures 14-17 are schematic diagrams of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0076] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in this application, the technical background involved in this application will be explained below.

[0077] (1) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

[0078] OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation technique in which the carriers are orthogonal to each other. It achieves high-speed parallel transmission of serial data through frequency division multiplexing. It has good resistance to multipath fading and can support multi-user access. To facilitate understanding of the generation and demodulation process of New Radio (NR) OFDM symbols (or "waveforms"), the following explanation will be based on Figure 1.

[0079] As shown in Figure 1, the signal {S(k)} is a frequency domain signal. The serial-to-parallel (S / P) conversion module converts M consecutive data S(kM), S(kM+1), ..., S(kM+M-1) into an M-dimensional data block S. k =[S(kM),S(kM+1),…,S(kM+M-1)] T The subscript k is the OFDM symbol number, while the superscript T indicates transpose. Through subcarrier mapping, S k The M data carried modulate N subcarriers. sc N subcarriers, of which N sc =M, the rest (NN) sc The N subcarriers can be understood as being modulated by data 0. The N-dimensional data vector X k A set of N complex time-domain sampling points x is obtained by performing an N-point inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT). k =[x k (0),x k (1),…,x k (N-1)] T .

[0080] The next important step in generating OFDM symbols is adding a cyclic prefix (CP). Adding a CP eliminates inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. Multipath propagation refers to the phenomenon where radio signals travel through two or more paths to reach the receiver. The specific implementation involves copying x. k The last G samples are appended to x. kAt the beginning, we obtain the time-domain OFDM symbol. That is, an OFDM symbol contains valid data x k And cyclic prefixes. Cyclic prefixes are redundant data relative to valid data.

[0081] At the receiver, OFDM symbols are demodulated through inverse processing. Assuming time and frequency synchronization are achieved and the CP length is sufficient, the CP removal operation yields a data block with N sampled values ​​that is completely free of ISI, which is also equal to x. k The circular convolution with the channel impulse response. The CP removal operation removes the first G samples from the received signal. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) can be used to convert the time-domain circular convolution into a frequency-domain dot product, and then channel equalization can be performed with low complexity using frequency-domain single-tap equalization.

[0082] S k This may include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. Modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating the (coded) bit stream. Modulation schemes may include pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), etc.

[0083] Redundant signal sampling points can include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sampling points, demodulation reference signals, tone-preserving signals, etc.

[0084] It should be understood that when the number of transform points N satisfies certain constraints, such as N being a power of 2, 3, or 5, the IDFT can also be implemented using the efficient inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT). Correspondingly, the DFT can also be implemented using the efficient FFT. IDFT and IFFT are interchangeable, as are DFT and fast fourier transform (FFT).

[0085] N sc This can be understood as the number of subcarriers within the transmission bandwidth. In the above text, N... sc =M. It should be understood that N sc It can also be greater than M. For example, for an S of length M... k Perform sequence expansion, assuming the length of the expanded sequence is equal to N. sc In this case, Nsc ≥M.

[0086] (2) Discrete Fourier transform spreading OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)

[0087] As shown in Figure 1, DFT-s-OFDM defines the data block s transmitted in the time domain. k Before the OFDM processing, there is an additional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) (also known as transform precoding) process, which is performed on each data block s containing M data. k Perform an M-point DFT operation to obtain S k This operation gives DFT-s-OFDM signals the characteristics of a single carrier, resulting in a significantly lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to multi-carrier signals like OFDM. Therefore, with the same power amplifier, DFT-s-OFDM can provide greater output power and higher amplifier efficiency, thereby improving coverage and reducing power consumption. The coverage and power consumption advantages of DFT-s-OFDM are particularly evident on the terminal device side; therefore, in both LTE and NR applications, DFT-s-OFDM is used for uplink transmission.

[0088] s k This can include modulation symbols and / or redundant signal sampling points. Modulation symbols can be obtained by modulating the (coded) bitstream. Modulation schemes can include PAM, PSK, QAM, offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), APSK, etc.

[0089] Redundant signal sampling points can include PTRS sampling points, unique words, zeros, etc.

[0090] It should be noted that in practice, if s k For waveforms including UW and zero-tail (ZT), the CP addition operation may not be necessary. That is, the scheme proposed in this application is applicable not only to CP DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, but also to waveforms such as ZT-DFT-s-OFDM and UW-DFT-s-OFDM.

[0091] (3)π / 2-BPSK

[0092] The NR protocol defines bit mapping schemes including BPSK and π / 2-BPSK. Taking the BPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps the i-th bit b(i) to the i-th BPSK symbol d(i) according to the following formula.

[0093] Taking the π / 2-BPSK modulation mapper as an example, it maps the i-th bit b(i) into the i-th π / 2-BPSK symbol d(i) according to the following formula.

[0094] As can be seen from the above formula, there is only a 90-degree phase jump between two adjacent π / 2-BPSK symbols in the π / 2-BPSK symbol sequence.

[0095] It should be noted that in future communication systems, bit mapping schemes such as π / 2-BPSK may be implemented in other ways.

[0096] (4) DMRS

[0097] Information is sent from the sender, transmitted through a transmission channel, and received at the receiver. Because the information may change during transmission (due to noise, fading, etc.), the received information may differ from the transmitted information. To accurately reconstruct the correct information, it is necessary to understand the changes the information undergoes during transmission; therefore, a reference signal (RS) is introduced.

[0098] The transmitting and receiving ends pre-agree on a known signal (RS). RS, along with the information to be transmitted, is transmitted through the transmission channel. After receiving the signal (RS'), the receiving end compares the differences between RS and RS' to understand the changes in the information during transmission, performs channel characteristic estimation, and obtains the channel characteristic H. Based on the channel characteristic H, the received information can be restored to the correct transmitted information. DMRS is used for channel estimation during demodulation.

[0099] The demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is used for channel estimation during data demodulation. Specifically, the receiver first estimates the channel at the DMRS, then uses an interpolation algorithm to obtain the channel at the data location, and finally demodulates the data.

[0100] (5) Power amplifier output power reduction

[0101] Before being transmitted through the antenna, a signal is amplified by a power amplifier (PA). One fundamental method for describing PA behavior is its AM-AM (amplitude modulation-amplitude modulation) and AM-PM (amplitude modulation-phase modulation) characteristics. Figure 2 shows a typical AM-AM curve of a solid-state PA, illustrating the output power as a function of input power. Based on Figure 2, it can be seen that the amplifier has a linear operating region. Within this region, the amplifier's output power increases linearly with the input power. This can also be understood as the PA gain (i.e., the ratio of PA output power to input power) remaining constant, or the slope of the AM-AM curve remaining constant. As the input power continues to increase, the amplifier enters a nonlinear region, and the output power no longer increases linearly with the input power. The gain is compressed, and the slope of the AM-AM curve decreases. When the saturation output power is reached, i.e., the output power no longer increases with the increase of input power, the slope becomes 0.

[0102] The nonlinear characteristics of a power amplifier (PA) affect the transmitted signal in two ways: in-band distortion and out-of-band distortion. In-band distortion mainly manifests as amplitude and phase distortion, degrading signal demodulation / detection performance. Out-of-band distortion mainly manifests as signal spectral spread / regeneration, increasing interference to users in adjacent channels. To mitigate the effects of PA nonlinearity, the input signal power can be appropriately reduced, i.e., input power backoff (IBO) or output power backoff (OBO) can be implemented to keep the PA operating within its linear region. However, this method comes at the cost of reduced PA efficiency.

[0103] (6) Peak to average power ratio (PAPR)

[0104] The peak-to-average power ratio (PSPR) is the ratio of peak power to average power. For a signal x(t), its peak power over a certain time interval (e.g., from t0 to t1) is... And the average power is PAPR can be written as:

[0105] Communication signals (including OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM signals) are random signals. Their mean power can be considered a fixed value, while their peak power is a random variable. Therefore, PAPR is also a random variable. In statistics, the value of a random signal at a certain moment is often described by a probability density function. In the communications industry, the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curve is commonly used to describe PAPR: the probability that the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy, or the proportion of time when the instantaneous power exceeds the mean power by xx dB is yy. The expression is shown in the following formula:

[0106] Where P(·) represents probability.

[0107] A higher PAPR for the PA input signal x(t) means a larger fluctuation range in input power. To ensure the signal remains entirely within the linear amplification range, a greater power back-off is required. Therefore, designing a signal with low PAPR can reduce PA OBO, increase transmission power, and improve coverage.

[0108] (7) π / 2 (π / 2)-BPSK DMRS and Frequency-domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS)

[0109] In the NR protocol, to improve the coverage of the physical uplink channels (e.g., the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform is introduced. The generation process of the π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform is shown in Figure 3. A bit sequence containing M bits is modulated by π / 2-BPSK to obtain a symbol sequence y(m) of length M. Processing y(m) step 1 yields the symbol sequence of length M. Through DFT, we obtain The corresponding frequency domain signal is Y(k). Processing Y(k) 2 yields a signal of length N. sc Long signal Then, on Perform FDSS processing to obtain N scThe long signal S(k) is then processed. Finally, through subcarrier mapping, IDFT, and CP addition, the π / 2-BPSKDFT-s-OFDM waveform is obtained. The dashed boxes in Figure 3 indicate that these modules may not be used. For example, in one possible implementation, only the FDSS module is used. In another possible implementation, processing module 1 and the FDSS module are used. In yet another possible implementation, processing module 1, processing module 2, and the FDSS module are used.

[0110] When processing module 1 is not used

[0111] As an example, module 1 can be implemented as follows:

[0112] Processing module 2 includes sequence expansion or sequence truncation. In the case of sequence expansion, N sc >M. In the case of sequence truncation, N sc ≤M.

[0113] Additionally, definition This can be a sequence adjustment factor or a bandwidth adjustment factor. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application do not limit the way the sequence adjustment factor is defined, for example... The above definition is only an example.

[0114] Assuming preprocessing is performed according to formula (5), an example of sequence expansion or sequence truncation is as follows:

[0115] FDSS is the frequency domain signal to be transmitted. Perform a windowing operation. The description is as follows:

[0116] Where ω(k) is the k-th coefficient of the FDSS window function. S(k) maps to N corresponding to the transmission bandwidth. sc On each subcarrier.

[0117] FDSS can be used to reduce the PAPR of π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM. In Figure 4, the dashed line represents the PAPR of π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM without FDSS processing, while the solid line represents the PAPR of π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM with FDSS processing. The FDSS window function is a root raised cosine with a roll-off factor of 1. The transmission bandwidth is 60 resource blocks (RBs), and the aforementioned processing modules 1 and 2 are not used.

[0118] As an example, processing modules 2 and / or FDSS can also be implemented in the time domain equivalent. For example, consider α = (Nsc -M) / M=1, at this point, the processing module 2 can be equivalent to the upsampling performed before DFT with an upsampling factor of 2, as shown in Figure 5. That is, the M-length π / 2-BPSK symbol sequence {x(m)} goes through processing 1, upsampling with an upsampling factor of 2, DFT, FDSS and subcarrier mapping, IDFT and CP addition processing in sequence.

[0119] As another example, consider α = (N sc -M) / M=0, the FDSS in Figure 3 can be equivalent to The process involves a circular convolution with time-domain spectral shaping (TDSS). Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, the M-length π / 2-BPSK symbol sequence {y(m)} is processed sequentially through the time-domain processing module 1, a circular convolution with TDSS, DFT, subcarrier mapping, IDFT, and CP addition.

[0120] Assume TDSS contains L T +1 tap, where L T If the integer is true, the FDSS coefficients can be obtained by performing a DFT on the TDSS tap sequence.

[0121] For ease of understanding, the following description is based on the π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform process processed by FDSS as shown in Figure 3.

[0122] In one version of the NR protocol, when the data uses a π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the DMRS uses an OFDM waveform carrying a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence. However, this type of DMRS may result in a higher PAPR (PAPR) for the DMRS than for the data. In another version of the NR protocol, π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM DMRS is used, meaning that the DMRS and data use the same waveform, and the π / 2-BPSK sequence corresponding to the DMRS is known to both the sender and receiver.

[0123] (8) Error Vector Magnitude

[0124] In digital communication systems, digital baseband signals (such as OFDM symbols) undergo radio frequency processing to become radio frequency signals for transmission.

[0125] Radio frequency (RF) processing includes digital-to-analog conversion (ADC), up-conversion, power amplification, and filtering. Due to the non-ideal nature of the devices, RF processing may cause distortion in the transmitted signal.

[0126] EVM measures the degree of distortion. Specifically, the transmitted signal is first demodulated, including inverse RF processing, which involves converting the RF signal to a baseband signal after timing synchronization, and then demodulating it using OFDM / or DFT-s-OFDM to obtain the observed signal. For example, if the transmitted signal is an OFDM signal carrying a QPSK sequence, the observed signal is an estimate of the QPSK sequence. Similarly, if the transmitted signal is a DFT-s-OFDM signal carrying a QPSK sequence, the observed signal is an estimate of the QPSK sequence. Assuming the transmitted signal is a DFT-s-OFDM signal, the process of calculating the observed signal z(k) includes: converting the RF signal to a baseband signal, removing CP, DFT, decarrier mapping, frequency domain equalization, and IDFT.

[0127] EVM is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the error vector to the magnitude of the reference signal, sometimes expressed as a percentage. The formula for calculating EVM is as follows:

[0128] Where P is the length of the signal, r(k) is the reference signal, z(k) is the observed signal, and z(k)-r(k) is the error. For example, if the transmitted signal is a DFT-s-OFDM signal carrying a QPSK sequence, then r(k) is the QPSK symbol sequence, and z(k) is the estimate of the QPSK sequence.

[0129] (9) EVM equalizer spectral flatness

[0130] EVM equalizer spectral flatness is defined based on the maximum peak-to-peak ripple value of the equalizer coefficients (dB) assigned on the uplink block in EVM measurements. The maximum peak-to-peak ripple value refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of a signal within a certain time or frequency range.

[0131] Assume a zero-forcing equalizer is used. For example, considering ideal RF processing, the coefficients of the zero-forcing equalizer are the reciprocals of the coefficients of the FDSS window function. Combined with the above formula (7)... achievable In other words, the kth coefficient of the zero-breaking equalizer is 1 / ω(k), which is the reciprocal of the kth coefficient ω(k) of the FDSS window function.

[0132] EVM equalizer spectral flatness can limit the adverse effects of FDSS and RF link distortion on π / 2-BPSK sequences.

[0133] (10) RF sensing

[0134] RF sensing has two implementation forms: mono-static sensing and bi-static sensing. Mono-static sensing is also known as active sensing, while bi-static sensing is also known as passive sensing. Figure 7(a) shows a mono-static sensing scenario, and Figure 7(b) shows a bi-static sensing scenario. In Figure 7(a), the transmitter and receiver are located in the same sensing device / node (e.g., a base station, transmit-receive point, or user equipment (UE)). The sensing device sends one or more radio frequency sensing signals to illuminate a target object (e.g., a car) and receives its echo / reflected signals. The sensing device can measure / analyze various properties of the reflected signals (e.g., time of arrival, angle of arrival, phase shift, etc.) to determine the characteristics of the target object (e.g., size, shape, speed, motion state, etc.).

[0135] In Figure 7(b), the transmitter and receiver are not located in the same place; they are separate devices / nodes, such as the transmitter being the base station and the receiver being the UE. Sensing node 1 sends one or more radio frequency (RF) sensing signals to sensing node 2. Due to the multipath propagation characteristics of the channel, these RF sensing signals may reach sensing node 2 via a line-of-sight (LOS) path. These RF sensing signals may also reach sensing node 2 via a non-LOS path, such as after reflection from the target object. The sensing device can measure / analyze various attributes of the received signals (such as the arrival time and angle of signals along each path) to determine the characteristics of the target object (e.g., size, shape, speed, motion state, etc.).

[0136] It should be understood that dual-station sensing includes multi-static sensing, which uses multiple transmitters and / or multiple receivers.

[0137] The reference signal (RS) used for sensing can be called radar signal, radar reference signal, and sensing signal, etc.

[0138] Assume the transmit power of the RF sensing signal is P. t The echo signal power is P r The distance between the transmitter and the target is R. t The distance between the receiver and the target object is R. r The radar cross-section of the target object is σ, and the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna is A. r If the antenna gain is G, then the basic form of the radar equation is:

[0139] Based on formula (9), P r It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and related to P.t It is directly proportional. To increase P r It can increase P t Especially in long-range perception scenarios.

[0140] Based on the above introduction to power amplifier output power back-off and PAPR, it can be seen that by reducing the PAPR of the RF sensing signal, the power back-off of the PA is reduced, thereby increasing the transmit power P. t .

[0141] The π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveform can be used for low-power, long-range sensing scenarios.

[0142] In communication scenarios, the NR protocol defines the spectral flatness requirements of the EVM equalizer when using π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveforms. However, when π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveforms are used for low-power sensing and long-range sensing, or when RS in RF sensing is based on π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, the definition of EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements is lacking. This may lead to insufficient sensing performance when π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM waveforms are used for RF sensing.

[0143] Based on this, this application proposes a sensing method applicable to sensing devices acting as transmitters. The sensing device acquires a single-carrier sensing signal in π / 2-BPSK and transmits the sensing signal. The transmitted sensing signal satisfies the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement. The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement is that the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold. Based on the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness of the sensing signal can be limited, thereby controlling the degree of radio frequency distortion suffered by the sensing signal and the FDSS used in acquiring the baseband signal, thus improving sensing performance.

[0144] The sensing method proposed in this application can be implemented in any device, system, or network that transmits radio frequency (RF) signals according to any communication standard, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard for ultra-wideband (UWB), the IEEE 802.11 standard (including those identified as Wi-Fi technology), the Bluetooth standard, code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), and Evolution Data Optimization (EDGE). Optimized (EV-DO), 1×EV-DO, EV-DO Revision A, EV-DO Revision B, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved HSPA (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), New Radio (NR), Internet of Things (IoT), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), or future communication systems such as sixth-generation mobile communication systems.

[0145] Figure 8 is a simplified illustration of a wireless system capable of communication, sensing, and / or positioning. This wireless system may include the following components: a mobile device 101; a base station 102; a satellite (also known as a space vehicle) 103; an access point (AP) 104; wireless devices 105 (such as a portable Wi-Fi device 105-1, a smartwatch (or wristband) 105-2, a vehicle 105-3, a mobile phone 105-4, a laptop computer 105-5, or a static communication / positioning device); a network 106; a network function server 107; and an external client 108. Generally, this system enables communication between the mobile device 101 and other devices, positioning of the mobile device 101 and / or other devices, RF sensing performed by the mobile device 101, and / or combinations thereof. For example, the system can estimate the location of mobile device 101 based on the RF signals received and / or transmitted by mobile device 101 and the known locations of other components (e.g., satellites, base stations, access points) that transmit and / or receive RF signals. Additionally, RF sensing can be performed using wireless devices such as mobile device 101, base stations, and satellites (and / or other NTN platforms that can be implemented on aircraft, drones, balloons, etc.). For example, RF sensing of one or more target objects can be performed using RF signals transmitted by one or more wireless devices. For example, RF sensing of one or more target objects can be performed using RF signals received by one or more wireless devices.

[0146] Referring to Figure 8, the mobile device 101 can access the network 106 via the base station using the first communication link 110 to send and receive information with network-connected devices (such as the network function server 107). The mobile device 101 can also access the network 106 via the AP 104 using the second communication link 130 to send and receive information with network-connected devices (such as the network function server 107). The mobile device 101 can use the third communication link 120 to communicate with other wireless devices 105.

[0147] It should be noted that Figure 8 provides only a general illustration of the various components. Some or all of it may be used, or a component may be copied as appropriate. For example, although Figure 8 shows only one mobile device 101, it should be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) may use the system. Similarly, the system may include more or fewer base stations 102 and / or APs 104 than shown in Figure 8. The connections between the various components shown in Figure 8 include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on the required functionality. In some implementations, for example, an external client 108 may connect directly to a network function server 107. Those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications to the components shown.

[0148] While ground components such as AP104 and base stations can be fixed, this is not the case in some implementations. Mobile components can be used. For example, in some implementations, the location of mobile device 101 can be estimated at least in part based on measurements of RF signals transmitted between mobile device 101 and one or more other wireless devices 105 (which can be mobile or fixed). As shown in Figure 8, other mobile devices may include, for example, portable Wi-Fi 105-1, smartwatch (or wristband) 105-2, vehicle 105-3, mobile phone 105-4, laptop 105-5, static communication / positioning devices, or other static and / or mobile devices capable of providing wireless signals for locating mobile device 101, or combinations thereof. The wireless signals from mobile device 105 for locating mobile device 101 may include RF signals using, for example, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x (e.g., Wi-Fi), Ultra Wideband (UWB), IEEE 802.15x, or combinations thereof. Wireless device 105 may additionally or alternatively use non-RF wireless signals (such as a camera) to locate mobile device 101, such as infrared signals or other optical technologies.

[0149] According to embodiments, the mobile device 101, network function server 107, or other components in the system can execute the RF sensing technology / solution provided herein. It should be noted that the embodiments are not necessarily limited to the system shown in FIG8.

[0150] Network 106 may include any of a variety of wireless and / or wired networks. Network 106, for example, may include any combination of public and / or private networks, local area networks (LANs) and / or wide area networks (WANs). Furthermore, the network may utilize one or more wired and / or wireless communication technologies. In some implementations, the network may, for example, include cellular or other mobile networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide-area networks (WWANs), and / or the Internet. Examples of network 170 include Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless networks, Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks (also known as NR wireless networks or 5G NR wireless networks), Wi-Fi WLANs, and the Internet. LTE, 5G, and NR are wireless technologies defined or being defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project.

[0151] Network function server 107 may include one or more servers and / or other computing devices configured to provide network management and / or network auxiliary functions. For example, a location server may determine a location estimate for mobile device 101 and / or provide data (e.g., “auxiliary data”) to mobile device 101 to facilitate location measurement and / or location determination. In some implementations, the location server may also include an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) that uses a control plane (CP) location solution for LTE radio access of mobile device 101 to support the positioning of mobile device 101. The location server may also include a Location Management Function (LMF) that supports mobile device 101 in determining the location of mobile device 101 for NR or LTE radio access using the control plane location solution.

[0152] Similarly, network function server 107 can be used as a sensing server. The sensing server can be used to coordinate and / or assist in coordinating the sensing of one or more target objects by (one or more) wireless devices in the system. Wireless devices may include mobile devices 101, base stations, APs 104, other mobile devices 101, satellites, or any combination thereof. Wireless devices capable of performing RF sensing may be referred to herein as “sensing nodes”. To perform RF sensing, a sensing server can coordinate a sensing session during which one or more RF sensing nodes can perform RF sensing by transmitting RF signals (e.g., a sensing reference signal (RS)) and measuring reflected signals or "echo signals." For example, reflected signals and object / target detection can be determined based on channel state information (CSI) received at a receiving device. To facilitate sensing (e.g., within a sensing session between one or more sensing nodes), the sensing server can provide data (e.g., "auxiliary data") to the sensing nodes to facilitate RS transmission and / or measurement, object / target detection, or any combination thereof. Such data may include RS configuration indicating which resources (e.g., time and / or frequency resources) (e.g., within the sensing session) can be used to transmit RS for RF sensing. According to some embodiments, the sensing server may include a Sensing Management Function (SMF).

[0153] External client 108 may be a web server or remote application associated with mobile device 101 (e.g., accessible to the user of mobile device 101), or a server, application, or computer system that provides location services to other users. This may include obtaining and providing the location of mobile device 101 (e.g., enabling services such as friend or relative finder, child or pet location). Alternatively or additionally, external client 108 may obtain the location of mobile device 101 and provide it to emergency service providers, government agencies, etc.

[0154] Base station 102 can broadly encompass various names listed below, or be replaced by names such as: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master eNodeB (MeNB), secondary eNodeB (SeNB), multi-standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or similar entities, or combinations thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. A base station can also be a mobile switching center, equipment performing base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, network-side equipment in 6G networks, and equipment performing base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks using the same or different access technologies. This invention does not limit the specific technologies or equipment forms employed in the network equipment.

[0155] As an example, base station 102 can typically refer to a single physical transmission point or multiple co-located physical transmission points located at the base station. A Transmission Reception Point (TRP), also known as a transmit / receive point, corresponds to this type of transmission point. In some cases, a base station may include multiple TRPs, for example, each TRP being associated with a different antenna or antenna array or antenna panel of the base station. As used herein, the transmission function of a TRP can be performed by a transmission point (TP), and / or the reception function of a TRP can be performed by a reception point (RP), which may be physically separate from or different from the TP. That is, a TRP may include both a TP and an RP. A physical transmission point may include the antenna array of the base station, for example, in the case of a Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) system and / or where the base station employs beamforming. A base station (e.g., a gNB) may be able to transmit different “beams” in different directions and perform “beam scanning,” where signals are transmitted along different directions (e.g., one after another) in different beams.

[0156] Base station 102 can also refer to multiple non-co-located physical transmission points. For example, a physical transmission point can be a distributed antenna system (DAS), which is connected to a spatially separated antenna network of a common source via a transmission medium. Another example is a remote radio head (RRH), which is a remote base station connected to the serving base station.

[0157] AP104 may include a Wi-Fi AP, a Bluetooth AP, or an AP with cellular capabilities (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR).

[0158] Base station 102 can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0159] In some implementations, base station 102 may be owned, maintained, and / or operated by a cellular network provider and may employ any of a variety of wireless technologies.

[0160] Satellite 103 could be a satellite in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and / or an NTN satellite. GNSS includes the Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo, BeiDou, etc.

[0161] Satellite 103 can communicate with one or more base stations and / or one or more user equipment.

[0162] Satellite 103 can be used for communication positioning in one or more ways. For example, the satellite can be part of a GNSS system. Positioning using RF signals from a GNSS satellite can include measuring multiple GNSS signals at a GNSS receiver on mobile device 101 to perform highly accurate positioning, such as carrier-based positioning. Alternatively or concurrently, the satellite can be used for NTN-based positioning; in other words, functionally, the satellite can operate as a TRP (or TP) of a network (e.g., LTE and / or NR networks). In particular, reference signals transmitted by the NTN satellite are similar to those transmitted by base stations and are coordinated by network function server 107, which can operate as a location server. In some implementations, the satellites used for NTN-based positioning can be different from those used for GNSS-based positioning. In some implementations, NTN nodes can include non-ground vehicles such as aircraft, balloons, drones, etc., which can supplement or replace NTN satellites. RF sensing can be further utilized using NTN satellites and / or other NTN platforms.

[0163] Wireless device 105 may include and / or be referred to as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device 101, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. Wireless device can be a device that provides voice / data connectivity to a user, such as a handheld device with wireless connectivity, vehicle-mounted equipment, etc. Currently, examples of terminals include: mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in autonomous driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, wearable devices, wireless devices in 5G networks, or future evolution of public land mobile communication networks. Wireless devices in a network (PLMN), etc., are not limited to this in the embodiments of this application. In vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, the communication terminal on the vehicle is a wireless device, and the roadside unit (RSU) can also be considered a wireless device. A drone carrying a communication terminal can also be regarded as a wireless device.

[0164] Wireless device 105 can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0165] Wireless device 105 can also be a wireless device in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection.

[0166] The wireless device 105 can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on water; and it can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenario in which the wireless device is located.

[0167] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this application, specific embodiments will be described below.

[0168] Referring to Figure 9, which is a flowchart illustrating a sensing method provided in an embodiment of this application, the method includes:

[0169] S901: The sensing device acquires a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2-BPSK. This sensing signal meets the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer. The spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is that the difference between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the EVM equalizer coefficient is less than or equal to the difference threshold.

[0170] The sensing method provided in this application enables the sensing signal to have a low PAPR. As an example, the single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2-BPSK is a DFT-s-OFDM π / 2-BPSK sensing signal.

[0171] This application does not limit the implementation method of the sensing device acquiring the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier sensing signal. In one possible implementation, the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier sensing signal is generated by the sensing device's radio frequency chain processing the π / 2-BPSK single-carrier baseband signal.

[0172] The sensed signal acquired by the sensing device meets the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer. The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement stipulates that the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold. In other words, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement defines that the maximum ripple of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to the difference threshold. The maximum ripple, for example, is the maximum peak-to-peak ripple.

[0173] In the spectral flatness requirements of EVM equalizers, the specific value of the difference threshold can be determined based on factors such as the frequency resources occupied by the sensed signal and the power enhancement.

[0174] As an example, the difference threshold corresponding to the frequency range is determined according to the frequency range to which the frequency resources occupied by the sensed signal belong.

[0175] For example, the frequency range to which the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal belong can be divided into a first range and a second range. In the first range, the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is less than or equal to a frequency threshold. In the second range, the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is greater than the frequency threshold. The specific value of the frequency threshold can be determined based on the conditions satisfied by the sensing signal.

[0176] This application does not limit the method for determining the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal. As an example, referring to Figure 10(a), it is assumed that the frequency resource occupied by the sensing signal is 100 MHz, with a starting frequency of 2500 MHz and an ending frequency of 2600 MHz. The frequency resource occupied by the sensing signal belongs to the time-division duplex band n41. The starting frequency of n41 is 2496 MHz, and the ending frequency is 2690 MHz. The center frequency of n41 is 2593 MHz. The center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal is 2550 MHz.

[0177] In one possible implementation, the center frequency of the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency band to which the sensing signal belongs. Taking the sensing signal shown in Figure 10(a) as an example, the center frequency of the sensing signal is the center frequency of n41, which is 2593MHz. The absolute value of the difference between the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal and the center frequency of the sensing signal ranges from 0 to 93MHz. Assume the frequency threshold is XMHz, where X is a positive number less than 93. The ranges of the first and second ranges are shown in Figure 10(b).

[0178] As another example, the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal. Taking the sensing signal shown in Figure 10(a) above as an example, the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal, which is 2550MHz. The absolute value of the difference between the frequency resource occupied by the sensing signal and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal ranges from 0 to 50MHz. Assume the frequency threshold is XMHz. X is a positive number less than 50. The ranges of the first and second ranges are shown in Figure 10(c).

[0179] The center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal can be determined based on the conditions satisfied by the sensed signal. Please refer to the description of the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal below for details.

[0180] When the frequency occupied by the sensed signal falls within a first range, the difference threshold is the first threshold. When the frequency occupied by the sensed signal falls within a second range, the difference threshold is the second threshold. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0181] As an example, see Table 1. Table 1 shows the spectral flatness requirements of an EVM equalizer for sensed signals provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0182] Table 1

[0183] Among them, F Meas This represents the frequency occupied by the sensed signal, that is, the frequency corresponding to the frequency resources occupied by the sensed signal. F center This represents the center frequency corresponding to the sensed signal. X is the frequency threshold. The unit of X is MHz. Range 1 represents the first range. Range 2 represents the second range. a0 represents the first threshold. a1 represents the second threshold. a1 is greater than a0.

[0184] Referring to Figure 11, this figure is a schematic diagram of the spectral flatness requirements of an EVM equalizer for a sensed signal provided by an embodiment of this application. The black area represents the frequency domain signal corresponding to the sensed signal.

[0185] As shown in Figure 11, compared to the frequencies in the first range, the frequencies in the second range are farther from the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal, which allows for a more relaxed approach to the difference threshold in the second range. The difference threshold in the second range is greater than the difference threshold in the first range, that is, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0186] The values ​​of the first threshold a0, the second threshold a1, and the frequency threshold X can be determined based on factors such as the frequency resources occupied by the sensed signal and power enhancement. This application provides three scenarios for the values ​​of the first threshold a0, the second threshold a1, and the frequency threshold X.

[0187] The first scenario: The frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the first frequency band. The first frequency band belongs to the first frequency range.

[0188] The frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal are, for example, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal.

[0189] As an example, the first frequency range is FR1 for NR. FR1 specifically ranges from 410MHz to 7125MHz.

[0190] Additionally, if the sensing device is an end device, in the first scenario, the sensing device does not support power boost. Alternatively, the sensing device may support power boost. For example, the sensing device may belong to power class 3 or power class 2. In NR, under FR1, a power class 3 end device has a nominal maximum output power of 23 dBm, while a power class 2 end device has a nominal maximum output power of 26 dBm. In NR, power boost is permitted for power class 3 or power class 2 end devices under certain conditions. For example, a 3 dB power boost is permitted for a power class 3 end device, resulting in a maximum output power of 26 dBm.

[0191] In the first case, the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is independent of whether the sensing device performs power enhancement. The specific value of the difference threshold in the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is determined based on the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal.

[0192] In addition, in the first case, the center frequency of the sensed signal is the center frequency of the first frequency band. The center frequency of the sensed signal can be calculated based on formula (10):

[0193] Among them, F Low This is the lowest frequency in the first frequency band. F High This is the highest frequency in the first frequency band.

[0194] As an example, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the first frequency band. For example, the lowest frequency in the first frequency band is 1920MHz, and the highest frequency is 1980MHz. The center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is... That is, 1950MHz.

[0195] Based on the above formula (10), the |F of Range1 in Table 1 aboveMeas -F center The frequency range of |≤XMHz can be expressed as:

[0196] as well as

[0197] Based on the above formula (10), the |F| of Range 2 in Table 1 above Meas -F center The frequency range of X MHz can be expressed as:

[0198] or,

[0199] Based on the above formulas (11)-(14), and referring to Figure 12, this figure is a schematic diagram of another EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement for the sensed signal provided by the embodiment of this application. In this figure, the black area represents the frequency domain signal corresponding to the sensed signal.

[0200] In one possible implementation, the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal include frequencies belonging to a first range and frequencies including a second range. That is, the bandwidth of the sensed signal occupies both the first and second ranges. When the frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal include frequencies belonging to the first range and frequencies including the second range, the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, in addition to the contents listed in Table 1 above, also includes the following additional requirements:

[0201] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range is less than or equal to a third threshold.

[0202] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range is less than or equal to the fourth threshold.

[0203] Among them, the third threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold. The fourth threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.

[0204] Taking Figure 12 as an example, assuming the third threshold is a2 and the fourth threshold is a3, the above additional content can be expressed as: max|Range 2|-min|Range 1| <a2 (15) max|Range 1|-min|Range 2|<a3 (16)

[0205] Among them, a2 is greater than a0 and less than a1. a3 is greater than a0 and less than a1.

[0206] In one possible implementation, a0 = 4, a1 = 8, a2 = 7, a3 = 5.

[0207] Thus, the spectral flatness requirement for the EVM equalizer for sensing signals is the same as that defined for communication scenarios. On one hand, the sensing signal will not affect the demodulation performance of communication signals located in the same frequency band but at different frequency domain positions, ensuring the demodulation performance of both communication and sensing signals. On the other hand, it facilitates defining the spectral flatness requirement for the EVM equalizer, simplifying protocol design.

[0208] In another possible implementation, a0 = 4, a1 > 8, a2 > 7, a3 > 5. For example, a0 = 4, a1 = 12, a2 ​​= 10, a3 = 6.

[0209] Compared to the previous implementation, the above value selection method can relatively relax the spectral flatness requirements of the EVM equalizer, which is beneficial to further improve sensing performance. For example, when the sensing device is a UE, the UE can use a non-rectangular window FDSS or a FDSS window with a higher frequency domain concentration to process frequency domain signals, that is, a FDSS with a more concentrated frequency response, thereby reducing sidelobes and improving weak target estimation performance.

[0210] The second scenario: The frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal belong to the first frequency range.

[0211] The frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal are, for example, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal.

[0212] As an example, the first frequency range is frequency range 1 (FR1) of NR. The specific range of FR1 is from 410MHz to 7125MHz.

[0213] In the second case, the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal. For example, if the starting frequency of the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal is 100MHz and the ending frequency is 300MHz, the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is 200MHz.

[0214] In the second case, if the sensing device is an end device, it supports power boost. The EVM equalizer's spectral flatness requirement is also related to the power boost of the sensing device. Two possible sub-cases are described below:

[0215] Sub-case a: When the sensing signal is amplified based on the first power, the first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the first power.

[0216] The first power is determined, for example, based on a first power boost value associated with a first capability of the sensing device. The first power boost value indicates, for example, the numerical value of the power increase. The first capability is the sensing device's ability to support power enhancement based on the first power boost value. For example, the sensing device belongs to power class 3 or power class 2.

[0217] Sub-case b: The frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal belongs to the second frequency band. When the sensed signal is power-enhanced based on the second power, the first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the second power. Wherein, the second power is greater than the first power;

[0218] The second frequency band is, for example, a specific frequency band within the first frequency range, such as n40 (frequency range of 2300M to 2400M), n41 (frequency range of 2496M to 2690M), n77 (frequency range of 3300MHz-4200MHz), n78 (frequency range of 3300MHz-3800MHz), and n79 (frequency range of 4400MHz-5000MHz), etc.

[0219] The second power is determined, for example, based on a second power boost value associated with a second capability of the sensing device. The second power boost value indicates, for example, the amount of power increase. The second power boost value is greater than the first power boost value. For example, the second power boost value is 3 dB. The second capability is, for example, support for power class 3 capability.

[0220] As an example, the sensing device belongs to power class 3, and 40% or less of the time slots in the radio frame are used to transmit sensing signals.

[0221] The threshold values ​​included in the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement corresponding to the second power are related in magnitude to the threshold values ​​included in the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement corresponding to the first power.

[0222] Specifically, the first threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the first threshold corresponding to the first power. The second threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or equal to the second threshold corresponding to the first power. The frequency threshold corresponding to the second power is less than or equal to the frequency threshold corresponding to the first power.

[0223] Taking X as the frequency threshold, a0 as the first threshold, and a1 as the second threshold as an example, the relationship between the thresholds corresponding to sub-cases a and b is as follows:

[0224] In sub-case a, the a0 value corresponding to the second power is greater than, or greater than or equal to, the a0 value corresponding to the first power in sub-case b.

[0225] In sub-case a, the a1 value corresponding to the second power is greater than, or greater than or equal to, the a1 value corresponding to the first power in sub-case b.

[0226] In sub-case a, the X value corresponding to the second power is less than, or less than or equal to, the X value corresponding to the first power in sub-case b.

[0227] In one possible implementation, X represents the percentage of bandwidth occupied by the sensed signal. For example, if the bandwidth occupied by the sensed signal is 100MHz and X is 25%, then the value of X is 25MHz.

[0228] As an example, in sub-case a, X corresponds to 25% for the second power, and in sub-case b, X corresponds to 35% for the first power.

[0229] In sub-case a, the value of a0 corresponding to the second power is 6, and in sub-case b, the value of a0 corresponding to the first power is 6.

[0230] In sub-case a, the value of a1 corresponding to the second power is 14, and in sub-case b, the value of a1 corresponding to the first power is 10.

[0231] Thus, the spectral flatness requirement for the EVM equalizer for the sensing signal is the same as that defined for the EVM equalizer in the communication scenario. On one hand, the sensing signal will not affect the demodulation performance of single-carrier π / 2-BPSK communication signals located in the same frequency band but at different frequency domain positions, ensuring the demodulation performance of both the communication and sensing signals. On the other hand, it facilitates the definition of the EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement, simplifying protocol design.

[0232] As another example, in sub-case a, X corresponds to 25% for the second power, while in sub-case b, X corresponds to less than 35% for the first power. For instance, in sub-case b, X corresponds to 30% for the first power.

[0233] In sub-case a, the a0 corresponding to the second power is 6, and in sub-case b, the a0 corresponding to the first power is 6.

[0234] In sub-case a, the a1 corresponding to the second power is greater than 14. For example, in sub-case a, the a1 corresponding to the second power is 14.

[0235] In sub-case b, the a1 corresponding to the first power is greater than 10. For example, in sub-case b, the a1 corresponding to the first power is 12.

[0236] This allows for a relatively relaxed requirement for spectral flatness in the EVM equalizer, which is beneficial for further improving sensing performance. For example, sensing devices can use FDSS with a more concentrated frequency response, thereby reducing sidelobes and improving weak target estimation performance.

[0237] In addition, the sensing device can interact with the sensing management function (SMF) network element to report its power boost capability and perform power enhancement based on the instructions issued by the SMF network element. The sensing management function network element is a communication device that configures sensing parameters to the transmitting end or receiving end of the sensing signal, and / or summarizes the sensing results.

[0238] Referring to Figure 13, this figure is a schematic diagram of the interaction between a sensing device and an SMF network element according to an embodiment of this application. It includes the following steps:

[0239] S1301: The sensing device reports the first capability information to the sensing management function network element.

[0240] In a sensing scenario, sensing devices can report their power boost capabilities to SMF network elements. The first capability information represents the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a first power level; this is the first capability. For example, the first capability information includes the first power boost value.

[0241] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the SMF network element is a core network device. The sensing device can send first capability information to the SMF network element through access network devices, such as base stations.

[0242] In another possible implementation, the sensing device is an access network device. For example, the sensing device is a base station. The SMF network element is a core network device.

[0243] In one possible implementation, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the SMF network element is an access network device.

[0244] S1302: The sensing management function network element sends the first instruction information to the sensing device.

[0245] The first indication information is used to instruct the sensing device to enhance power based on the first power.

[0246] When the sensing device is a terminal device and the SMF network element is a core network device, the SMF network element sends the first indication information to the sensing device through the access network device. Specifically, the SMF network element sends the first indication information to the access network device. The access network device then sends the first indication information to the terminal device.

[0247] S1303: The sensing device acquires the first indication information and performs power enhancement based on the first power.

[0248] The embodiment corresponding to Figure 13 above is for the case where the sensing device has the first capability. Similarly, when the sensing device has the second capability, the sensing device can interact with SMF network elements to achieve power enhancement.

[0249] The sensing device reports second capability information to the sensing management function network element. This second capability information indicates that the sensing device supports power enhancement based on a second power level; that is, the second capability. The sensing management function network element sends second instruction information to the sensing device. This second instruction information instructs the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the second power level. The sensing device receives the second instruction information and performs power enhancement based on the second power level.

[0250] When the sensing device has the second capability, the process by which the sensing device interacts with the SMF network element is similar to the process in Figure 13 above, where the sensing device has the first capability. The process by which the sensing device reports the second capability to the SMF network element and obtains the second indication information can be referred to similar descriptions in S1301-S1303, and will not be repeated here.

[0251] The third scenario: The frequency resources corresponding to the sensed signal belong to the second frequency range.

[0252] The frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal are, for example, the bandwidth occupied by the sensing signal.

[0253] The second frequency range is greater than the first frequency range.

[0254] As an example, the second frequency range is frequency range 2 (FR2) of NR. FR2 specifically ranges from 24250MHz to 71000MHz. The frequency range of FR1 is smaller than that of FR2.

[0255] In the third case, the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal.

[0256] In the third case, the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is independent of whether the sensing device performs power enhancement. The specific value of the difference threshold in the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is determined based on the frequency resources occupied by the sensing signal.

[0257] In one possible implementation, the frequency threshold X represents the percentage of bandwidth occupied by the sensed signal.

[0258] In one implementation, the frequency threshold X is 25%. The first threshold a0 is 6, and the second threshold a1 is 14.

[0259] Thus, the spectral flatness requirement for the EVM equalizer for sensing signals is the same as that defined for communication scenarios. On one hand, the sensing signal will not affect the demodulation performance of communication signals located in the same frequency band but at different frequency domain positions, ensuring the demodulation performance of both communication and sensing signals. On the other hand, it facilitates defining the spectral flatness requirement for the EVM equalizer, simplifying protocol design.

[0260] In another implementation, the value of the second threshold can be relaxed. For example, the frequency threshold X is 25%. The first threshold a0 is 6, and the second threshold a1 is greater than 14. For example, the second threshold a1 is 15.

[0261] This allows for a relative relaxation of the spectral flatness requirements of the EVM equalizer, which is beneficial for further improving perception performance.

[0262] The above shows the values ​​of the first threshold a0, the second threshold a1, and the frequency threshold X in three different scenarios. It should be noted that these three methods of setting the first threshold a0, the second threshold a1, and the frequency threshold X are merely examples and do not constitute a limitation on the values ​​of these thresholds.

[0263] In addition to limiting the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the EVM equalizer coefficients, the FDSS requirement for EVM equalizer spectrum flatness can also be limited.

[0264] The sensed signal is generated through FDSS processing. The window function of FDSS satisfies the following condition:

[0265] Among them, a t (t,τ) is the window function a of the FDSS pair. t The time-domain filter response obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform on (t,f). It is a t The amplitude of (t, τ). t represents time, f represents frequency. M is the number of subcarriers included in the frequency resource corresponding to the sensed signal. Y is a negative number. In one possible implementation, Y is -15.

[0266] When the window function of FDSS satisfies the above conditions, the use of rectangular window FDSS can be restricted, thereby suppressing sidelobes and improving the performance of weak target estimation.

[0267] It should be understood that the aforementioned sensing signal refers to a single sensing signal. When the sensing device acquires multiple sensing signals, the corresponding EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement can be determined for each sensing signal.

[0268] For example, in some cases, since distance resolution is the reciprocal of bandwidth, the bandwidth of a single frequency band may not be sufficient to meet the distance resolution requirements of sensing. Carrier aggregation or dual connectivity techniques are used to aggregate multiple frequency bands to obtain a larger bandwidth. The sensed signal needs to meet the frequency resources occupied by the sensed signal and the corresponding EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements for power enhancement. Different sensed signals may or may not meet the same EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements.

[0269] Suppose that carrier aggregation is performed between frequency band 1 and frequency band 2. As an example, the sensing signal whose frequency resources belong to frequency band 1 and the sensing signal whose frequency resources belong to frequency band 2 both satisfy the above condition one. The EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirement that the sensing signal whose frequency resources belong to frequency band 1 must meet is the same as that that of the sensing signal whose frequency resources belong to frequency band 2.

[0270] As another example, the perceived signal occupying frequency resources in band 1 satisfies condition one above, and the perceived signal occupying frequency resources in band 2 satisfies condition two above. For the perceived signal occupying frequency resources in band 1, the first threshold for EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements is 4, and the second threshold is 8. For the perceived signal occupying frequency resources in band 2, the first threshold for EVM equalizer spectral flatness requirements is 6, and the second threshold is 10.

[0271] S902: The sensing device sends a sensing signal.

[0272] The sensing method provided in this application is not limited to a specific sensing scenario. As an example, the sensing method provided in this application is applicable to a single-site sensing scenario, where the sensing device acts as both a transmitter and a receiver. For example, the sensing device is a terminal device that transmits and receives sensing signals. As another example, the sensing method provided in this application is applicable to a dual-site sensing scenario, where the transmitter and receiver are different devices. The transmitter and receiver can be of the same type. For example, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the other sensing device acting as the receiver is another terminal device. Alternatively, the transmitter and receiver can be of different types. For example, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the other sensing device acting as the receiver is a base station.

[0273] Referring to Figure 14, this application embodiment provides a communication device 1400, which includes a transceiver unit 1401 and a processing unit 1402. The transceiver unit 1401 includes a receiving unit for receiving data and a transmitting unit for sending data.

[0274] The communication device 1400 can realize the functions of the sensing device in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device 1400 can be a sensing device, or it can be an integrated circuit or component inside the sensing device, such as a chip.

[0275] In some embodiments, the device 1400 is used to perform the sensing method described in the foregoing embodiments. In this case:

[0276] Processing unit 1402 is used to acquire a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK), wherein the sensing signal meets the spectral flatness requirement of EVM equalizer, and the spectral flatness requirement of EVM equalizer is that the difference between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the EVM equalizer coefficient is less than or equal to the difference threshold.

[0277] In some possible implementations, the frequency occupied by the sensing signal belongs to a first range, and the difference threshold is a first threshold, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies included in the first range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is less than or equal to the frequency threshold.

[0278] or,

[0279] The frequency occupied by the sensing signal belongs to the second range, the difference threshold is the second threshold, the absolute value of the difference between the frequency included in the second range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is greater than the frequency threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0280] In some possible implementations, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to a first frequency band, the first frequency band belongs to a first frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the first frequency band.

[0281] In some possible implementations, the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal include frequencies belonging to the first range and frequencies including the second range;

[0282] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range is less than or equal to a third threshold, wherein the third threshold is greater than the first threshold and the third threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0283] The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range is less than or equal to a fourth threshold, wherein the fourth threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.

[0284] In some possible implementations, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to a first frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal.

[0285] In some possible implementations, the sensing signal is power-enhanced based on a first power, and the first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the first power;

[0286] or,

[0287] The frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the second frequency band. The sensing signal is enhanced based on the second power. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the second power. The second power is greater than the first power.

[0288] The first threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or greater than or equal to the first threshold corresponding to the first power;

[0289] The second threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or greater than or equal to the second threshold corresponding to the first power;

[0290] The frequency threshold corresponding to the second power is less than or less than or equal to the frequency threshold corresponding to the first power.

[0291] In some possible implementations, the method is applied to a sensing device.

[0292] Transceiver unit 1401 is used to report first capability information to the sensing management function network element, wherein the first capability information represents the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a first power.

[0293] The transceiver unit 1401 is used to acquire first indication information, which is used to instruct the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the first power.

[0294] In some possible implementations, the method is applied to a sensing device.

[0295] Transceiver unit 1401 is used to report second capability information to the sensing management function network element, the second capability information representing the sensing device's ability to perform power enhancement based on a second power;

[0296] The transceiver unit 1401 is used to acquire second indication information, which is used to instruct the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the second power.

[0297] In some possible implementations, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0298] In some possible implementations, the sensing device is an access network device (such as a base station), and the sensing management function network element is a core network device.

[0299] In some possible implementations, the sensing device is a terminal device, and the sensing management function network element is an access network device.

[0300] In some possible implementations, the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to a second frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal.

[0301] In some possible implementations, the sensed signal is generated through frequency domain spectral shaping, wherein the window function of the frequency domain spectral shaping satisfies the following condition:

[0302] in, It is a t The magnitude of (t,τ), a t (t,τ) is a window function a that shapes the frequency domain spectrum. t (t,f) is the time-domain filter response obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform, where t represents time, f represents frequency, M is the number of subcarriers included in the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal, and Y is a negative number.

[0303] The transceiver unit 1401 is used to transmit sensing signals.

[0304] It should be noted that the information execution process of each unit in the above-mentioned communication device 1400 can be specifically described in the method embodiments shown above in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0305] Please refer to Figure 15, which is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in this application. The communication device 1500 includes a logic circuit 1501 and an input / output interface 1502. The communication device 1500 can be a chip or an integrated circuit.

[0306] The communication device 1500 can realize the functions of the sensing device in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device 1500 can be a sensing device, or it can be an integrated circuit or component inside it, such as a chip.

[0307] In Figure 14, the transceiver unit 1401 can be a communication interface, which can be the input / output interface 1502 in Figure 15. The input / output interface 1502 can include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the communication interface can also be a transceiver circuit, which can include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0308] In one possible implementation, when the device 1500 is used to perform the sensing method in the foregoing embodiments: the input / output interface 1502 is used to send a sensing signal; the logic circuit 1501 is used to acquire a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK), wherein the sensing signal satisfies the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer, wherein the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is that the difference between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the EVM equalizer coefficients is less than or equal to a difference threshold.

[0309] The logic circuit 1501 can also perform other steps in the aforementioned embodiments and achieve corresponding beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0310] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 1402 shown in FIG14 can be the logic circuit 1501 in FIG15.

[0311] Optionally, the logic circuit 1501 can be a processing device, the functions of which can be partially or entirely implemented in software.

[0312] Optionally, the processing apparatus may include a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor reads and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the corresponding processing and / or steps in any of the method embodiments.

[0313] Optionally, the processing device may consist of only a processor. A memory for storing computer programs is located outside the processing device, and the processor is connected to the memory via circuitry / wires to read and execute the computer programs stored in the memory. The memory and processor may be integrated together or physically independent of each other.

[0314] Optionally, the processing device may be one or more chips, or one or more integrated circuits. For example, the processing device may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors.

[0315] Please refer to Figure 16, which shows the communication device 1600 involved in the above embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application. The communication device 1600 may include, but is not limited to, at least one processor 1601 and a communication port 1602.

[0316] Further optionally, the device may also include at least one of a memory 1603 and a bus 1604. In embodiments of this application, the at least one processor 1601 is used to control the operation of the communication device 1600.

[0317] Furthermore, the processor 1601 can be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, etc. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0318] The communication device 1600 can realize the functions of the sensing device in the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device 1600 can be a sensing device, or an integrated circuit or component inside the sensing device, such as a chip. The specific implementation of the communication device shown in FIG16 can be referred to the description in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0319] Please refer to Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 1700 involved in the above embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0320] The communication device 1700 can realize the functions of the sensing device in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of this application, the communication device 1700 can be a sensing device, or it can be an integrated circuit or component inside the sensing device, such as a chip.

[0321] The communication device 1700 includes at least one processor 1711 and at least one network interface 1714. Optionally, the communication device further includes at least one memory 1712, at least one transceiver 1713, and one or more antennas 1715. The processor 1711, memory 1712, transceiver 1713, and network interface 1714 are connected, for example, via a bus. In this embodiment, the connection may include various interfaces, transmission lines, or buses, etc., and this embodiment is not limited thereto. The antenna 1715 is connected to the transceiver 1713. The network interface 1714 enables the communication device to communicate with other communication devices through a communication link. For example, the network interface 1714 may include a network interface between the communication device and core network equipment, such as an S1 interface; the network interface may also include a network interface between the communication device and other communication devices (e.g., other network devices or core network equipment), such as an X2 or Xn interface.

[0322] Processor 1711 is primarily used for processing communication protocols and communication data, controlling the entire communication device, executing software programs, and processing data from the software programs, for example, to support the actions described in the embodiments of the communication device. The communication device may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is primarily used for processing communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is primarily used for controlling the entire terminal device, executing software programs, and processing data from the software programs. Processor 1711 in Figure 17 can integrate the functions of both a baseband processor and a CPU. Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and CPU can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will understand that a terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities. Various components of the terminal device can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The CPU can also be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored in memory as a software program, which is then executed by the processor to implement the baseband processing function.

[0323] The memory is primarily used to store software programs and data. The memory 1712 can exist independently or be connected to the processor 1711. Optionally, the memory 1712 can be integrated with the processor 1711, for example, integrated within a single chip. The memory 1712 can store program code that executes the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 1711. The various types of computer program code being executed can also be considered as drivers for the processor 1711.

[0324] Figure 17 shows only one memory and one processor. In actual terminal devices, there may be multiple processors and multiple memories. Memory can also be called storage medium or storage device, etc. Memory can be a storage element on the same chip as the processor, i.e., an on-chip storage element, or it can be a separate storage element; this application does not limit this.

[0325] Transceiver 1713 can be used to support the reception or transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals between a communication device and a terminal. Transceiver 1713 can be connected to antenna 1715. Transceiver 1713 includes a transmitter Tx and a receiver Rx. Specifically, one or more antennas 1715 can receive RF signals. The receiver Rx of transceiver 1713 is used to receive the RF signals from the antennas, convert the RF signals into digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency (IF) signals, and provide the digital baseband signals or IF signals to processor 1711 so that processor 1711 can perform further processing on the digital baseband signals or IF signals, such as demodulation and decoding. In addition, the transmitter Tx in transceiver 1713 is also used to receive modulated digital baseband signals or IF signals from processor 1711, convert the modulated digital baseband signals or IF signals into RF signals, and transmit the RF signals through one or more antennas 1715. Specifically, the receiver Rx can selectively perform one or more stages of downmixing and analog-to-digital conversion on the radio frequency signal to obtain a digital baseband signal or a digital intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The order of these downmixing and IF conversion processes is adjustable. The transmitter Tx can selectively perform one or more stages of upmixing and digital-to-analog conversion on the modulated digital baseband signal or digital IF signal to obtain a radio frequency signal. The order of these upmixing and IF conversion processes is also adjustable. The digital baseband signal and the digital IF signal can be collectively referred to as digital signals.

[0326] The transceiver 1713 can also be called a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the device in the transceiver unit that performs the receiving function can be regarded as the receiving unit, and the device in the transceiver unit that performs the transmitting function can be regarded as the transmitting unit. That is, the transceiver unit includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit can also be called a receiver, input port, receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitting unit can be called a transmitter, transmitter, or transmitting circuit, etc.

[0327] It should be noted that the communication device 1700 shown in Figure 17 can be used to implement the steps implemented by the sensing device in the aforementioned method embodiments and achieve the corresponding technical effects. The specific implementation of the communication device 1700 shown in Figure 17 can be referred to the description in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0328] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, perform the methods described in the possible implementations of the communication device (e.g., sensing device) in the foregoing embodiments.

[0329] This application also provides a computer program product (or computer program) that, when executed by a processor, allows the processor to execute the method described above for implementing a communication device (e.g., a sensing device).

[0330] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor for supporting a communication device in implementing the functions involved in the possible implementations of the communication device described above. Optionally, the chip system further includes an interface circuit that provides program instructions and / or data to the at least one processor. In one possible design, the chip system may further include a memory for storing the program instructions and data necessary for the communication device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices, wherein the communication device may specifically be the sensing device in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0331] This application also provides a communication system, the network system architecture of which includes the sensing device in any of the above embodiments.

[0332] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0333] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0334] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0335] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this application mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0336] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0337] It is understood that in this application, "instruction" can include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, and implicit instruction. When describing a certain instruction information to indicate A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, directly indicates A, or indirectly indicates A.

Claims

1. A sensing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire a single-carrier sensing signal of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK), wherein the sensing signal meets the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer, and the spectral flatness requirement of the EVM equalizer is that the difference between the maximum amplitude and the minimum amplitude of the EVM equalizer coefficient is less than or equal to the difference threshold. Send the sensing signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency occupied by the sensing signal belongs to a first range, and the difference threshold is a first threshold. The absolute value of the difference between the frequency included in the first range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is less than or equal to the frequency threshold. or, The frequency occupied by the sensing signal belongs to the second range, the difference threshold is the second threshold, the absolute value of the difference between the frequency included in the second range and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is greater than the frequency threshold, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the first frequency band, the first frequency band belongs to the first frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the first frequency band.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal include frequencies belonging to the first range and frequencies including the second range; The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range is less than or equal to a third threshold, wherein the third threshold is greater than the first threshold and the third threshold is less than the second threshold. The difference between the maximum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the first range and the minimum absolute value of the EVM equalizer coefficient of the perceived signal in the second range is less than or equal to a fourth threshold, wherein the fourth threshold is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the first frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sensing signal is power-enhanced based on a first power, and the first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the first power. or, The frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the second frequency band. The sensing signal is enhanced based on the second power. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the frequency threshold correspond to the second power. The second power is greater than the first power. The first threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or greater than or equal to the first threshold corresponding to the first power; The second threshold corresponding to the second power is greater than or greater than or equal to the second threshold corresponding to the first power; The frequency threshold corresponding to the second power is less than or less than or equal to the frequency threshold corresponding to the first power.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method is applied to a sensing device, and the method further includes: The sensing device reports first capability information to the sensing management function network element, wherein the first capability information indicates that the sensing device supports the ability to perform power enhancement based on a first power. The sensing device acquires first indication information, which instructs the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the first power.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method is applied to a sensing device, and the method further includes: The sensing device reports second capability information to the sensing management function network element, and the second capability information indicates that the sensing device supports the ability to perform power enhancement based on the second power. The sensing device acquires second indication information, which is used to instruct the sensing device to perform power enhancement based on the second power.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The sensing management function network element is a base station.

10. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal belongs to the second frequency range, and the center frequency corresponding to the sensing signal is the center frequency of the frequency resource corresponding to the sensing signal.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The sensed signal is generated through frequency domain spectral shaping, and the window function of the frequency domain spectral shaping satisfies the following condition: in, It is a t The magnitude of (t,τ), a t (t,τ) is a window function a that shapes the frequency domain spectrum. t (t,f) is the time-domain filter response obtained by performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform, where t represents time, f represents frequency, M is the number of subcarriers included in the frequency resources corresponding to the sensing signal, and Y is a negative number.

12. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a transceiver module and a processing module; the transceiver module is used to perform the transceiver operation of the sensing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, and the processing module is used to perform the processing operation of the sensing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor for executing a computer program or computer instructions stored in a memory to perform the sensing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the sensing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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