Modulation method and communication apparatus

Abstract

A modulation method and a communication apparatus. The method comprises: on the basis of a first modulation scheme, modulating a first bit sequence to be transmitted to obtain modulation symbols, and transmitting the modulation symbols. The first modulation scheme corresponds to a first modulation order Qm, the first modulation scheme corresponds to 2Qm constellation points, spacings between adjacent constellation points among the 2Qm constellation points belong to a first numerical value set, and the first numerical value set comprises a plurality of numerical values. Among the 2Qm constellation points, a spacing between constellation points in a first group is the same as a spacing between constellation points in a second group, and the spacing between the constellation points in the second group differs from a spacing between constellation points in a third group. In the method, the 2Qm constellation points are non-uniformly distributed, thereby exhibiting characteristics such as higher interference resistance, lower bit error rate, and increased channel capacity. In addition, spacings between some adjacent constellation points among the 2Qm constellation points are identical, thereby reducing implementation complexity of a non-uniform constellation.

Description

A modulation method and a communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510122920.9, filed on January 24, 2025, entitled "A Modulation Method and Communication Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of channel coding, and more specifically, to a modulation method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0003] Higher-order modulation is a technique used in communication systems to improve spectral efficiency. It uses multiple constellation points in a signal constellation diagram to represent different symbols or bit combinations, thereby increasing the amount of information carried by each symbol. Common higher-order modulations include quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 64QAM. As the modulation order increases, the number of bits that each symbol can represent also increases, thus improving spectral efficiency.

[0004] Uniform constellation design refers to a signal constellation diagram where the spacing between adjacent constellation points is the same. In a uniform constellation diagram, the coordinates of the real (in-phase, I) axis and the imaginary (quadrature, Q) axis are typically arranged in an arithmetic progression. This design ensures that adjacent constellation points in the constellation diagram have the same Euclidean distance (i.e., the distance between points).

[0005] Non-uniform constellation design refers to a constellation diagram where the spacing between adjacent constellation points is not uniform. This design approach is typically used to optimize specific performance metrics, such as improving anti-interference performance, reducing bit error rate, and increasing channel capacity. In a non-uniform constellation diagram, the positions and spacing of constellation points may be adjusted according to specific algorithms or optimization objectives. For example, in some cases, increasing the Euclidean distance between certain constellation points can improve anti-interference performance. However, implementing a non-uniform constellation is highly complex. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a modulation method and a communication device that can reduce the complexity of implementing non-uniform constellations.

[0007] In a first aspect, a modulation method is provided, which can be executed by a communication device, which may be a communication equipment or a module applied to a communication equipment (e.g., a processor, chip, circuit, etc., or a logic module, hardware and / or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication equipment). The communication device is also referred to as an encoding device.

[0008] The method includes: acquiring a first bit sequence to be transmitted; modulating the first bit sequence based on a first modulation scheme to obtain a modulation symbol; and outputting the modulation symbol. Wherein, the first modulation scheme and the first modulation order Q... m Correspondingly, the first modulation method corresponds to Each constellation point, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in the constellation points belongs to the first numerical set. The constellation points include a first group of constellation points, a second group of constellation points, and a third group of constellation points. The interval between the constellation points in the first group is the same as the interval between the constellation points in the second group, and the interval between the constellation points in the second group is different from the interval between the constellation points in the third group. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in the constellation points mentioned above, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0009] For example, the range of values ​​for T can be: 1 < T < 5, or T can be 2, 3, 4, etc., or T can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 5.

[0010] For example, the first modulation method can be QAM, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0011] According to the method provided in this application, The intervals between the first and second groups of constellation points are the same, while the intervals between the second and third groups are different. Therefore, The constellation points are not uniformly distributed overall, and In a constellation, some adjacent constellation points have the same spacing. This method achieves a non-uniform distribution of spacing between constellation points in the constellation diagram, which improves anti-interference performance, reduces bit error rate, and increases channel capacity. The spacing between some constellation points is the same, thus reducing the implementation complexity of non-uniform constellations.

[0012] Secondly, a demodulation method is provided, which can be executed by a communication device. This communication device can be a communication equipment or a module applied to a communication equipment (e.g., a processor, chip, circuit, etc., or a logic module, hardware, and / or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the communication equipment). This communication device is also called a decoding device.

[0013] The method includes: acquiring modulation symbols; demodulating the modulation symbols based on a first modulation scheme to obtain a first bit sequence, wherein the first modulation scheme and the first modulation order Q are... m Correspondingly, the first modulation method corresponds to Each constellation point, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in the constellation points belongs to the first numerical set. The constellation points include a first group of constellation points, a second group of constellation points, and a third group of constellation points. The interval between the constellation points in the first group is the same as the interval between the constellation points in the second group, and the interval between the constellation points in the second group is different from the interval between the constellation points in the third group. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in the constellation points mentioned above, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0014] For example, the second aspect corresponds to the first aspect; the second aspect is the demodulation method corresponding to the modulation method provided in the first aspect. For details, please refer to the introduction of the modulation method in the first aspect above.

[0015] It should be understood that the second aspect corresponds to the first aspect, and detailed descriptions and technical effects can be found in the description of the first aspect above.

[0016] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the interval between any two adjacent values ​​in the first set of values ​​is the same.

[0017] For example, the first set of numbers includes at least two or more numbers. When the first set of numbers includes three or more numbers, the interval between any two adjacent numbers in the first set can be the same. Alternatively, the multiple numbers included in the first set can be either equally spaced increasing or equally spaced decreasing.

[0018] For example, the interval between two adjacent values ​​in the first set of values ​​can be 1, 2, 3, etc.

[0019] Combining the first or second aspect, among some possible implementation methods, Each of the constellation points corresponds to a bit combination, and each bit combination includes Q. m Each constellation point corresponds to a combination of bits for its real and imaginary parts, including... bits, The constellation points mentioned include The constellation points corresponding to each real part and The constellation points corresponding to the imaginary part, wherein the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part or the positive semi-axis corresponding to the imaginary part includes... Each constellation point, the real part corresponding to... The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... Each constellation point corresponds to the real part. Each constellation point corresponds to a specific point.

[0020] It is understandable that the values ​​of the constellation points corresponding to the imaginary and real parts are determined based on the same mapping method, or the values ​​of the constellation points corresponding to the imaginary and real parts are determined based on the same mapping table (such as the table corresponding to the Gray mapping, or the table corresponding to the natural mapping), that is, the values ​​of the symbols corresponding to the imaginary and real parts are the same.

[0021] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, T = 2, and the first set of values ​​includes 2 and 4.

[0022] For example, when the first set of values ​​includes 2 values, the specific values ​​included in the first set of values ​​can be 2 and 4.

[0023] Based on the above technical solution, the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application has two possible values ​​for the interval between adjacent constellation points: 2 and 4. Compared to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams where the interval between adjacent constellation points is always different, the method provided in this application can reduce the implementation complexity of the non-uniform constellation diagram. Furthermore, under the same modulation scheme, the performance of the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application is superior to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams. Specific simulation examples can be found in Figures 6 to 8 below.

[0024] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 2*a+1, 0≤a≤3*2 m-3 -1; 4*b+3+3*2 m-2 0≤b≤2 m-3 -1, where, Qm It is an even number greater than or equal to 6, where a and b are both integers.

[0025] It is understandable that the above refers to the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part. Taking the real part of a constellation point as an example, similarly, the real part corresponds to the negative half-axis. The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin to the specific values ​​in the examples above, such as: -(2*i+1), 0≤i≤3*2. m-3 -1; -(4*j+3+3*2) m-2 ), 0≤j≤2 m-3 -1. The positive semi-axis corresponding to the imaginary part. The imaginary part values ​​of each constellation point correspond to the positive semi-axis of the aforementioned real part. The real part values ​​of all constellation points are the same, and the imaginary part corresponds to the negative half-axis. The imaginary part of each constellation point corresponds to the negative half-axis of the aforementioned real part. The real part of each constellation point has the same value.

[0026] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, T = 2, and the first set of values ​​includes 6 and 8.

[0027] For example, when the first set of values ​​includes 2 values, the specific values ​​included in the first set of values ​​can be 6 and 8.

[0028] Based on the above technical solution, the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application has two possible values ​​for the interval between adjacent constellation points: 6 and 8. Compared to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams where the interval between adjacent constellation points is always different, the method provided in this application can reduce the implementation complexity of the non-uniform constellation diagram. Furthermore, under the same modulation scheme, the performance of the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application is superior to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams. Specific simulation examples can be found in Figures 6 to 8 below.

[0029] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order Q m =6, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, and 23.

[0030] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order Q m =8, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 41 and 49.

[0031] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, T = 3, and the first set of values ​​includes 6, 8, and 10.

[0032] For example, when the first set of numbers includes 3 numbers, the specific numbers included in the first set of numbers can be 6, 8, and 10.

[0033] Based on the above technical solution, the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application has three possible values ​​for the spacing between adjacent constellation points: 6, 8, and 10. Compared to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams where the spacing between adjacent constellation points is not uniform, the method provided in this application can reduce the implementation complexity of the non-uniform constellation diagram. Furthermore, under the same modulation scheme, the performance of the non-uniform constellation diagram provided in this application is superior to existing non-uniform constellation diagrams. Specific simulation examples can be found in Figures 6 to 8 below.

[0034] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order Q m =10, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 65, 73, 81, 89, 99 and 109.

[0035] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order Q m =12, the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 197, 207, 217, 227, and 237.

[0036] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order is determined based on a first index and a first sequence number difference, where the first index is the MCS index in the modulation and coding scheme MCS table, and the first sequence number difference is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0037] For example, the MCS table can be an MCS table corresponding to uniform constellations in existing protocols, or the MCS table can be an MCS table corresponding to non-uniform constellations. When the MCS table is an MCS table corresponding to non-uniform constellations, the value of the first sequence difference can be 0.

[0038] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the value of the first sequence difference belongs to any one of {0, 2, 3}.

[0039] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order is determined from the MCS table based on a second index, which is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number.

[0040] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first index belongs to a first range and the first sequence number difference is a first value; the first index belongs to a second range and the first sequence number difference is a second value, wherein the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the second range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

[0041] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the first threshold, the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold, the first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3.

[0042] Based on the above technical solution, when the first index belongs to the first range, the value of the first sequence number difference is less than the value of the first sequence number difference when the first index belongs to the second range. For example, when the first index belongs to the first range, the modulation order corresponding to the current first index is low, and the performance of the non-uniform constellation and the uniform constellation is close to the value of the first sequence number difference being 0. This can avoid the performance gain from decreasing due to increasing the index value and increasing the modulation order.

[0043] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold, and the right endpoint of the second range is less than or equal to the second threshold, and the second value is 2; or the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the second threshold, and the second value is 3, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0044] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the first modulation order is determined from the MCS table based on a second index, the second index being determined based on the first sequence number difference and the first index, the first sequence number difference being determined based on the second modulation order or the spectral efficiency, the second modulation order or the spectral efficiency being determined from the MCS table based on the first index.

[0045] Based on the above technical solution, the first sequence number difference can be determined according to the second modulation order or spectral efficiency. It can be seen that the first sequence number difference can be determined based on different parameters, and the determination method of the first sequence number difference has a certain degree of flexibility.

[0046] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the second modulation order or the spectral efficiency belongs to a third range, and the first index difference is a first value; the second modulation order or the spectral efficiency belongs to a fourth range, and the first index difference is a second value, wherein the right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the fourth range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

[0047] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the third threshold, the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold, the first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3.

[0048] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold, and the right endpoint of the fourth range is less than or equal to the fourth threshold, and the second value is 2; the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the fourth threshold, and the second value is 3, wherein the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0049] In combination with the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the third threshold is 4 and the fourth threshold is 6.

[0050] Combining the first or second aspect, in some possible implementations, the value of T is negatively correlated with the value of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0051] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, which has the function of implementing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above-described function.

[0052] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, which has the function of implementing the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above-described function.

[0053] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, comprising at least one processor configured to cause the communication device to perform a method of the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof; or to perform a method of the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Optionally, the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory for storing a computer program or instructions, and the at least one processor is configured to call and execute the computer program or instructions from the at least one memory, causing the communication device to perform a method of the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof; or to perform a method of the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Optionally, the at least one processor may be included in the communication device or may be configured externally to the communication device.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes the at least one memory. Optionally, the processor and memory are integrated together.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes at least one communication interface. As an example, the communication interface may include an input interface and / or an output interface, or it may be an interface circuit.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the communication device is a chip or chip system.

[0057] Sixthly, a communication device is provided, comprising a communication interface and a circuit. The communication interface is configured to receive a signal to be processed and transmit the signal to the circuit. The circuit is configured to process the signal to perform a method as described in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof; or to perform a method as described in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof. Optionally, the communication interface is further configured to output a signal processed by the circuit. Optionally, the signal may include information and / or data. Optionally, the communication device may be a chip (e.g., a baseband chip) or a chip system.

[0058] A seventh aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented; or, the method of the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0059] Eighthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising computer program code or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented; or, as in the second aspect or any possible implementation thereof, the method to be implemented.

[0060] A ninth aspect provides a wireless communication system, including a communication device as described in the third aspect and a communication device as described in the fourth aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the communication system applicable to the technical solution of this application.

[0062] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic process of wireless communication.

[0063] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a modulated signal.

[0064] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another type of modulation signal.

[0065] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 6 is a simulation comparison diagram provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 7 is another simulation illustration comparison diagram provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0068] Figure 8 is another simulation illustration comparison diagram provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0069] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of the communication device 900 provided in this application.

[0070] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the communication device 1000 provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various existing and future communication systems, including but not limited to: satellite communication systems, fifth-generation (5G) systems or new radio (NR) systems, long-term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, and future communication systems. Furthermore, they can also be applied to sidelink (SL) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems, or other communication systems, etc., which are not limited herein.

[0072] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the technical solutions of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system may include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. Optionally, one of the transmitters and receivers may be a terminal device, and the other may be a network device. The channel coding or decoding method provided in this application is applicable to communication between the network device and the terminal device shown in Figure 1, i.e., uplink or downlink communication. For example, in downlink communication, the transmitter in this embodiment is a network device, and the receiver is a terminal device; in uplink communication, the transmitter is a terminal device, and the receiver is a network device.

[0073] The communication system provided in this application may also include AI network elements for implementing some or all AI-related operations. AI network elements can also be referred to as AI nodes, AI devices, AI entities, AI modules, AI models, or AI units, etc. The AI ​​network elements may be built into the network elements of the communication system. For example, an AI network element may be an AI module built into: access network equipment, core network equipment, cloud server, or operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) to implement AI-related functions. The OAM may act as the network management system for core network equipment and / or access network equipment. Alternatively, the AI ​​network element may also be an independently configured network element in the communication system. Optionally, the terminal or its built-in chip may also include AI entities for implementing AI-related functions.

[0074] For example, a terminal device may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user apparatus. In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, and can be used to connect people, objects, and machines, such as a handheld device with wireless connectivity, in-vehicle equipment, etc. The terminal devices in the embodiments of this application can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, handheld computers, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, point-of-sale (POS) machines, customer-premises equipment (CPEs), light user equipment (UEs), reduced capability UEs (REDCAP UEs), vehicle devices (such as vehicle units, vehicle modules, vehicle chips, on-board units (OBUs), or telematics boxes (T-BOXs), wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, and wireless terminals in smart homes. Wireless terminals in the home (e.g., wireless terminals). Optionally, the UE can be used to act as a base station. For example, the UE can act as a scheduling entity that provides sidelink signaling between UEs in V2X or SL, etc.

[0075] In this embodiment, the device used to implement the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or any device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the corresponding functions, such as a chip, processor, circuit, hardware, and / or software combination. This device is located on the terminal side and can be configured within or used in conjunction with the terminal device. The chip system can consist of chips or include chips and other discrete components. In this embodiment, the terminal device is used as an example to illustrate the device for implementing the corresponding functions of the terminal device.

[0076] The network device in this application embodiment may include a device for communicating with a terminal device. This network device may include an access network device or a radio access network device; for example, the network device may be a base station. In this application embodiment, the access network device may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names such as: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master station, auxiliary station, motor slide retainer (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or a combination thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. A base station can also be a mobile switching center, a device performing base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, a network device (e.g., a base station) in a future communication network, or a device performing network device functions. A base station can support networks using the same or different access technologies. Optionally, a RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the network equipment.

[0077] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0078] In some deployments, the network device in this application embodiment may be a device including a CU, or a DU, or a device including both CU and DU, or a control plane CU node (central unit-control plane (CU-CP)) and a user plane CU node (central unit-user plane (CU-UP)) and a DU node. For example, the network device may include gNB-CU-CP, gNB-CU-UP, and gNB-DU.

[0079] In some deployments, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist terminals in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, or RUs. CUs and DUs can be configured separately or included in the same network element, such as a BBU. RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as RRUs, AAUs, or RRHs.

[0080] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN / O-RAN) system, CU can also be called an open CU (open CU, O-CU), and DU can also be called an open DU (open DU, O-DU). CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0081] In this embodiment, the device used to implement the functions of the network device can be the network device itself; it can also be a device capable of supporting the network device in implementing the corresponding functions, such as a chip, processor, circuit, hardware, and / or software combination. This device is located on the network side and can be configured within or used in conjunction with the network device. In this embodiment, only the network device is used as an example to illustrate the implementation of the corresponding functions of the network device.

[0082] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic process of wireless communication. As shown in Figure 2, at the signal transmitting end, the signal source is transmitted after sequentially undergoing source coding, channel coding, and digital modulation. At the signal receiving end, the received signal is sequentially processed through digital demodulation, channel decoding, and source decoding before being output to the destination. Among these processes, channel coding and decoding is one of the core technologies in the field of wireless communication.

[0083] The channel coding or decoding methods provided in this application can be used in dedicated network devices or general-purpose devices, and can be applied to the various network devices (e.g., base stations) and the various terminal devices mentioned above. Specifically, the channel coding scheme is mainly implemented by the channel coding unit (e.g., encoder or device that supports the coding device to perform the corresponding function) in these devices; the channel decoding scheme is mainly implemented by the channel decoding unit (e.g., decoder or device that supports the decoding device to perform the corresponding function) in these devices.

[0084] Optionally, the functions of the encoding or decoding device can be implemented by application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or by software (e.g., program code in memory), or by a combination of both, without limitation.

[0085] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments provided in this application, several concepts or terms involved in the embodiments of this application are briefly described. The concepts or terms described below are based on the concepts or terms specified in the agreement, but do not mean that the embodiments of this application can only be applied to existing systems. The concepts or terms involved in the embodiments of this application can be applied to future systems. Furthermore, the specific names of the concepts or terms (e.g., concepts or terms involving functional descriptions) can be adjusted as the system develops in the future.

[0086] 1. Zodiac Sign Mapping

[0087] Constellation mapping is a digital modulation technique. The process of constellation mapping involves mapping a sequence of bits carrying digital information into a sequence of symbols suitable for transmission. The value space of each symbol can be a one-dimensional real space or a two-dimensional real space (i.e., complex space). Constellation mapping comprises two elements: the constellation diagram and the labeling method. The constellation diagram represents the set of all possible values ​​for the output symbols, where each point in the diagram corresponds to one value of the output symbol. The labeling method represents a specific mapping relationship between the input bits (sequence / group) and constellation points, or a specific mapping relationship between constellation points and bits (sequence / group). Currently, the most common and widely used constellation diagrams are pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) in one-dimensional real space, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in two-dimensional complex space, and phase shift keying (PSK) modulation.

[0088] As communication systems increasingly demand higher transmission rates and higher spectral efficiency, existing communication systems typically employ forward error correction (FEC) coding techniques to encode the data bitstream before mapping it to a constellation diagram using QAM technology. Specifically, the transmitter divides the encoded bitstream into corresponding in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components, and then maps the encoded bitstream to a constellation diagram according to their respective I and Q components to obtain the modulation symbol stream. Depending on the network system, different order constellation diagrams can be used. These different order constellation diagrams can be represented as 2... m QAM, where m is an even number. The larger m is, the higher its spectral efficiency.

[0089] As can be seen, a constellation diagram is a graphical representation used in communication systems to visualize modulation schemes. It primarily shows the specific positions of different symbols on the complex plane. Each constellation point represents a possible signal state or symbol. Constellation diagrams can visually represent modulation schemes by displaying the complex coordinates (real and imaginary parts) of the signal.

[0090] The complex coordinates of a constellation point can be represented as: I + jQ, where I represents the in-phase portion, typically corresponding to the real axis (horizontal axis) of the signal. Q represents the quadrature portion, typically corresponding to the imaginary axis (vertical axis) of the signal. j is the imaginary unit, representing the imaginary part of the complex number. The real part of the constellation point can represent the projection of the signal onto the I-axis, generally corresponding to the real phase portion of the carrier signal, while the imaginary part of the constellation point can represent the projection of the signal onto the Q-axis, generally corresponding to the imaginary phase portion of the carrier signal.

[0091] Taking QAM modulation as an example, it combines amplitude and phase modulation. By simultaneously adjusting the amplitude and phase of the signal, it can represent multiple bits of information. The number of constellation points in the constellation diagram corresponding to QAM is related to the modulation order. For example, the constellation diagram corresponding to 16QAM includes 16 constellation points, formed by creating a 4x4 grid on the complex plane, including 4 rows and 4 columns of constellation points. As another example, the constellation diagram corresponding to 64QAM includes 64 constellation points, formed by creating an 8x8 grid on the complex plane, including 8 rows and 8 columns of constellation points. Here, a constellation point can be understood as the amplitude of the signal on the I-axis and Q-axis, corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of the QAM constellation point. The position coordinates of each point can represent different amplitude combinations or different signs.

[0092] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a modulation signal. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a uniform constellation point corresponding to a 16QAM signal. As shown in Figure 3, the constellation diagram corresponding to 16QAM includes the following constellation points: (A, A), (A, 3A), (3A, A), (3A, 3A), (-A, A), (-A, 3A), (-3A, A), (-3A, 3A), (A, -A), (A, -3A), (3A, -A), (3A, -3A), (-A, -A), (-A, -3A), (-3A, -A), (-3A, -3A). Each constellation point represents a different binary combination.

[0093] 2. Higher-order modulation

[0094] Higher-order modulation refers to mapping multiple bits to the same channel symbol, thereby improving spectral efficiency. Common higher-order modulation schemes include 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. Table 1 below shows an 8ASK bit mapping relationship. During modulation, the modulation symbol x is determined based on bits b0, b1, and b2, and is used as the modulation symbol to be transmitted.

[0095] Table 1

[0096] In 64QAM, the real and imaginary parts of the same channel symbol can be given by an 8ASK bit mapping relationship. For example, b0, b2, b4 can obtain the real part Re(x); b1, b3, b5 can obtain the imaginary part Im(x). The modulated channel symbol x = Re(x) + jIm(x), where j is the imaginary symbol.

[0097] Theoretical analysis shows that for a Gaussian white noise channel, the channel capacity is highest when the transmitted symbol distribution follows a Gaussian distribution. The channel capacity can be improved by changing the position of the constellation points, transforming the uniform constellation into a non-uniform constellation.

[0098] Generally, the constellation design for unequally spaced constellations differs depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Typically, unequally spaced constellations can be designed by optimizing the capacity under a given SNR using bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). The capacity C under BICM is... B It can be calculated in the following way:

[0099] Where C is the complex field, L is the number of constellation points, m = log(L), and X is the number of L constellation points {x0,…,x}. L-1 The constellation set consisting of}, constellation point x l Corresponding to m bits b0, b1, ..., b m-1 , For the corresponding bit b in X i = L / 2 constellations of b, p(y|x l ) represents the channel transition probability.

[0100] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another modulation signal. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a non-uniform constellation point corresponding to a 64QAM signal. Similar to a uniform constellation, the non-uniform constellation has the same mapping method for its real and imaginary parts, reducing demodulation complexity. For example, the number of constellation points is L=2. m The non-uniform constellation has m / 2 bits for both the real and imaginary parts, where the real part corresponds to bits b0, b2, ..., b... m-2 The imaginary part corresponds to bits b1, b3, ..., b m-1 Based on the same bit mapping, the real part Re(x) and imaginary part Im(x) of constellation point x are obtained. The modulation symbol x = Re(x) + Im(x)*j, where j is the imaginary symbol. Assume u0, u1, ..., The constellation points are the positive semi-axes of the real and imaginary parts, and the constellation points are the negative semi-axes due to symmetry. …, -u1, -u0. Taking a non-uniform constellation diagram corresponding to 64QAM as an example, the constellation points corresponding to the positive half-axis of the real part or the positive half-axis of the imaginary part in the constellation diagram corresponding to 64QAM are u0 = 0.3, u1 = 1, u2 = 1.9, u1 = 3.2 respectively. Specifically, the specific values ​​of the constellation points corresponding to the real and imaginary parts can be found in Table 2 below:

[0101] Table 2

[0102] The actual transmitted symbols can also be normalized, mainly by multiplying each constellation point by the same normalization factor "η". For example... This makes the average energy of the transmitted symbols 1.

[0103] 3. Modulation and coding scheme (MCS)

[0104] Modular Control System (MCS) is a commonly used technique in wireless communication. For example, before a terminal device sends uplink data (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH) to a network device, the terminal device needs to determine the MCS used by the PUSCH. This MCS indicates the modulation order and coding rate of the data channel. Based on this MCS, the terminal device determines the redundancy coding scheme and modulation scheme used for the data carried by the PUSCH. Therefore, existing MCSs specify the modulation order and coding rate of the data channel during communication.

[0105] The Modulation Control System (MCS) defines the number of effective bits that a resource element (RE) can carry. An MCS can include MCS schemes 0 through 31, with bits 28 through 31 reserved. A higher MCS index allows for a greater number of effective bits. The MCS primarily defines two parts: modulation order and code rate.

[0106] The modulation order corresponds to the modulation scheme. 5G NR supports four optional modulation schemes: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. When QPSK is used as the modulation scheme, 2 bits of information can be transmitted per RE; when 16QAM is used, 4 bits of information can be transmitted per RE; when 64QAM is used, 6 bits of information can be transmitted per RE; and when 256QAM is used, 8 bits of information can be transmitted per RE.

[0107] The code rate is represented by the ratio of the number of payload bits to the total number of transmitted bits, which includes payload bits and redundancy check bits. This code rate is primarily used to measure the redundancy check added at the physical layer. Redundancy check bits are used for forward error correction.

[0108] The following is an example of an MCS table. As shown in Table 3, the MCS table includes four columns: MCS index, modulation order, code rate x1024, and spectral efficiency.

[0109] Table 3

[0110] As can be seen, the highest modulation order in the MCS table shown in Table 3 above is 8, which means the highest modulation method is 256QAM. Of course, when the modulation order in Table 3 is 2 and 4, the corresponding modulation methods are QPSK and 16QAM, respectively.

[0111] As shown in Table 3, the first column is the MCS index number, where 28-31 are reserved bits. The second column is the modulation order, which is related to the number of constellation points corresponding to the modulation scheme. The value of the second column can be represented as Q. m Q m When =2, it means that the number of constellation points corresponding to the modulation method is 2. 2 =4, i.e., QPSK; Q m When = 4, it means that the number of constellation points corresponding to the modulation mode is 2. 4 =16, that is, 16QAM; Q m When the value is 6, it indicates that the number of constellation points corresponding to the modulation method is 2. 6 =64, that is, 64QAM; Q m When the value is 8, it indicates that the number of constellation points corresponding to the modulation method is 2. 8 =256, i.e., 256QAM. The third column is the code rate (or target code rate), which represents the expected code rate after selecting the modulation scheme and corresponding redundancy corresponding to the MCS index. The fourth column is the spectral efficiency, which represents the frequency efficiency corresponding to the MCS index. Among them, the code rate in Table 3 above is positively correlated with the spectral efficiency, that is, under the same modulation order, the higher the spectral efficiency, the higher the code rate.

[0112] It should be understood that Table 3 above is merely an example of an MCS table applicable to uniform constellations. The specific values ​​in an MCS table applicable to uniform constellations can be other values, or an MCS table applicable to uniform constellations can include more rows and / or more columns, or an MCS table applicable to uniform constellations can include some rows and / or some columns of Table 3 above. This application will not elaborate on these points further.

[0113] It should also be understood that the mapping relationships in the tables provided in this application (e.g., Tables 1 to 4) can be represented in the form of tables, or in other forms, such as through illustrations, text descriptions, etc. This application does not limit its specific form of representation.

[0114] Uniform constellation design refers to a constellation diagram where adjacent constellation points have the same spacing. Non-uniform constellation design refers to a constellation diagram where the spacing between adjacent constellation points is not uniform. This design approach is typically used to optimize specific performance metrics, such as improving interference immunity, reducing bit error rate, and increasing channel capacity. In non-uniform constellation diagrams, the positions and spacing of constellation points may be adjusted according to specific algorithms or optimization objectives. For example, in some cases, increasing the Euclidean distance between certain constellation points can improve interference immunity. Non-uniformity can provide better performance in specific application scenarios.

[0115] Therefore, how to design high-performance non-uniform constellations while achieving simplicity is currently a research hotspot.

[0116] This application provides a modulation method to reduce the implementation complexity of non-uniform constellations.

[0117] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a modulation method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0118] It is understood that method 500 can be executed by both the sending device and the receiving device. Unless otherwise specified, "sending device" or "receiving device" can refer to the sending device or receiving device itself, or it can refer to a device that enables the sending device or receiving device to implement this function. For ease of description, the following text will use "sending device" and "receiving device" to describe it. Among them, the sending device can be a terminal device or a network device, and the receiving device can be a terminal device or a network device.

[0119] 501, The sending device acquires the first bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0120] It is understood that if the transmitting device needs to communicate with the receiving device, that is, if the transmitting device needs to send a signal to the receiving device, the transmitting device needs to first obtain the bit sequence (e.g., the first bit sequence) corresponding to the signal to be sent to the receiving device. This first bit sequence can also be understood as the information bit sequence to be encoded, which is not limited in this application.

[0121] The process of the transmitting device acquiring the first bit sequence to be transmitted can refer to the transmitting device performing source coding, channel coding, interleaving, etc., on the source symbols to generate the first bit sequence. Alternatively, the transmitting device acquiring the first bit sequence can also refer to the transmitting device receiving the first bit sequence from other communication devices. This application does not limit the method of acquiring the first bit sequence.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the first bit sequence is a bit sequence obtained by channel coding and interleaving the payload bit sequence. An exemplary description of obtaining the first bit sequence will be given below.

[0123] Step 1: Obtain the payload bit sequence.

[0124] The transmitting device acquires the payload bit sequence, which can be understood as a bit sequence carrying information, or a bit sequence carrying useful information.

[0125] For example, the payload bit sequence can be understood as a bit sequence obtained through source coding.

[0126] For example, suppose the number of bits in the payload bit sequence can be represented as K, where K is based on the spectral efficiency Se and the number N of REs. re It is definite. For example, K = N. re *Se. The specific value of the spectral efficiency Se can be obtained by the transmitting device from a predefined MCS table based on the MCS sequence number index.

[0127] Among them, N is the number of MCS indexes and REs. re The specific value can be predefined or preconfigured by the system, or indicated by other devices, and this application does not limit it.

[0128] For example, the first bit sequence is obtained by channel coding and interleaving the payload bit sequence.

[0129] Step 2: The transmitting device determines the first modulation order.

[0130] For example, the transmitting device may determine the first modulation order based on any of the following methods:

[0131] Method 1) The transmitting device determines the first modulation order based on the MCS index in the MCS table applicable to the non-uniform constellation.

[0132] For example, the transmitting device is predefined or preconfigured with an MCS table for use with non-uniform constellations. The transmitting device determines the corresponding modulation order based on the MCS sequence number index indicated by the system or protocol, and uses this modulation order as the first modulation order.

[0133] For example, Table 4 could be an MCS table applicable to non-uniform constellations:

[0134] Table 4

[0135] Referring to Table 4 above, assuming the transmitting device is predefined with an MCS index of 18, the transmitting device determines the modulation order 8 corresponding to MCS index 18 as the first modulation order. This first modulation order 8 corresponds to a code rate of 616.5 / 1024 and a spectral efficiency of 4.8164. When the MCS index is 18, the corresponding modulation order for the uniform QAM modulation method is 6. In non-uniform constellations, increasing the modulation order based on the MCS index or spectral efficiency can bring further performance gains.

[0136] It should be understood that Table 4 above is merely an example of an MCS table applicable to non-uniform constellations provided in the embodiments of this application. An MCS table applicable to non-uniform constellations may also include more rows and / or more columns than Table 4, or an MCS table applicable to non-uniform constellations may include some rows and / or some columns from Table 4 above.

[0137] Method 2) The transmitting device determines the first modulation order based on the MCS index and the first index difference in the MCS table applicable to the uniform constellation.

[0138] For example, the MCS table applicable to this uniform constellation can be a predefined MCS table of the current protocol. The transmitting device can determine the first modulation order based on the MCS sequence number index indicated by the system or protocol and the first sequence number difference.

[0139] As an example, the transmitting device determines the second index based on the MCS sequence number index (e.g., the first index) and the first sequence number difference, and further determines the modulation order corresponding to the second index from the MCS table based on the second index, and uses the modulation order as the first modulation order.

[0140] For example, if the first index belongs to the first range, the difference between the first and second indexes is the first value; if the first index belongs to the second range, the difference between the first and second indexes is the second value. The right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the second range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

[0141] For example, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the first threshold, and the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold. The first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3. Another example is that the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold, and the right endpoint of the second range is less than or equal to the second threshold; the second value is 2. Yet another example is that the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the second threshold; the second value is 3. In this case, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0142] Alternatively, it can be understood as follows: when the first index is less than or equal to the first threshold, the difference in the first sequence number is 0; when the first index is greater than the first threshold, the difference in the first sequence number is 2 or 3. Specifically, when the first index is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to the second threshold, the difference in the first sequence number is 2; when the first index is greater than the second threshold, the difference in the first sequence number is 3.

[0143] Based on the MCS table shown in Table 3 above, assuming: the first threshold is 10, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to 10 (for example, the first range can be 0 to 10), and the first index is 5, it can be seen that the first index belongs to the first range, so the first sequence number difference is the first value, and the first value is 0. Among them, the second index is determined according to the first index and the first sequence number difference (for example, the second index = the first index + the first sequence number difference = 5 + 0 = 5). The transmitting device obtains the modulation order 4 corresponding to the MCS sequence number index 5 from Table 3 according to the second index (5) as the first modulation order; and assuming: the first threshold is 10, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to 10 (for example, the first range can be 0 to 10), the second threshold is 24, the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold, and the right endpoint is less than or equal to the second threshold (for example, the second range can be 11 to 24), and the first index is 19, it can be seen that the first index belongs to the second range, so the first sequence number difference is the second value, and the second value is 2. The second index is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number (e.g., the second index = the first index + the difference between the first sequence number = 19 + 2 = 21). The transmitting device obtains the modulation order 8 corresponding to the MCS sequence number index 21 from Table 3 based on the second index (21) as the first modulation order.

[0144] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the second index is determined based on the sum of the differences between the first index and the first sequence number. The second index can also be determined based on other calculation methods. The determination methods in the above examples are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope.

[0145] As another example, the transmitting device determines the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) corresponding to the first index from the MCS table based on the MCS sequence number index (e.g., the first index), and determines the first sequence number difference based on the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency). The transmitting device determines the second index based on the first sequence number difference and the first index, and determines the modulation order corresponding to the second index from the MCS table, using this modulation order as the first modulation order.

[0146] For example, the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) belongs to the third range, and the first index difference is the first value; the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) belongs to the fourth range, and the first index difference is the second value. The right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the fourth range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

[0147] For example, the right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the third threshold, and the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold. Here, the first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3. Another example: the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold, and the right endpoint of the fourth range is less than or equal to the fourth threshold; the second value is 2. Yet another example: the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the fourth threshold, and the second value is 3. Here, the fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0148] Alternatively, it can be understood as follows: when the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) is less than or equal to the third threshold, the first sequence number difference is 0; when the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) is greater than the third threshold, the first sequence number difference is 2 or 3. Specifically, when the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) is greater than the third threshold and less than or equal to the fourth threshold, the first sequence number difference is 2; when the second modulation order (or spectral efficiency) is greater than the fourth threshold, the first sequence number difference is 3.

[0149] For example, when the second modulation order is used to determine the first sequence difference, the third threshold can be 4, and the fourth threshold can be 6. When the spectral efficiency is used to determine the first sequence difference, the third threshold can be 2.5703, and the fourth threshold can be 5.1152.

[0150] Based on the MCS table shown in Table 3 above, taking the determination of the first sequence number difference by the second modulation order as an example, assuming that the third threshold is 4, the right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to 4 (for example, the third range can be 2 to 4), the first index is 5, and the second modulation order is 4, it can be seen that the second modulation order belongs to the third range, so the first sequence number difference is the first value, and the first value is 0. The second index is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number (e.g., second index = first index + first sequence number difference = 5 + 0 = 5). The transmitting device obtains the modulation order 4 corresponding to the MCS sequence number index 5 from Table 3 based on the second index (5) as the first modulation order. It is also assumed that the third threshold is 4, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to 4 (e.g., the third range can be 2 to 4), the second threshold is 6, the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the first threshold, and the right endpoint is less than or equal to the second threshold (e.g., the fourth range can be 5 to 6), the first index is 19, and the second modulation order is 6. It can be seen that the second modulation order belongs to the fourth range, so the first sequence number difference is the second value, and the second value is 2. The second index is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number (e.g., second index = first index + first sequence number difference = 19 + 2 = 21). The transmitting device obtains the modulation order 8 corresponding to the MCS sequence number index 21 from Table 3 based on the second index (21) as the first modulation order.

[0151] Figure 6 is a simulation comparison diagram provided by an embodiment of this application. The horizontal axis represents the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the vertical axis represents the block error rate (BLER). Line #1 is the simulation curve corresponding to the modulation order of 8 and the modulation scheme of 256QAM, determined by the receiving device based on the first index 20 from the MCS table shown in Table 3 above. Line #2 is the simulation curve corresponding to the first modulation order of 8 and the modulation scheme of 256QAM, determined by the receiving device based on the second modulation order of 8 corresponding to the first index 20, with a first sequence number difference of 3. It can be seen that when BLER equals 10... -2 At that time, line #1 has a loss of 0.4dB compared to line #2. It can be seen that line #2 has a gain of 0.4dB compared to line #1, that is, the performance obtained by using the method 500 proposed in this application is better.

[0152] Figure 7 is another simulation comparison diagram provided by the embodiments of this application. The horizontal axis represents SNR, and the vertical axis represents BLER. Line #1 is the simulation curve corresponding to the modulation order of 6 and the modulation method of 64QAM determined by the receiving device based on the first index 17 from the MCS table shown in Table 3 above; Line #2 is the simulation curve corresponding to the first modulation order of 6 and the modulation method of 64QAM determined by the receiving device based on the second modulation order of 6 corresponding to the first index 17, with a first sequence number difference of 2. It can be seen that when BLER equals 10... -2 At that time, line #1 has a loss of 0.2dB compared to line #2. It can be seen that line #2 has a gain of 0.2dB compared to line #1, that is, the performance obtained by using the method 500 proposed in this application is better.

[0153] Figure 8 is another simulation comparison diagram provided by the embodiments of this application. The horizontal axis represents SNR, and the vertical axis represents BLER. Line #1 is the simulation curve corresponding to the modulation order of 8 and the modulation method of 256QAM, determined by the receiving device based on the first index 24 from the MCS table shown in Table 3 above; Line #2 is the simulation curve corresponding to the first modulation order of 8 and the modulation method of 256QAM, determined by the receiving device based on the second modulation order of 8 corresponding to the first index 24, with a first sequence number difference of 3. It can be seen that when BLER equals 10... -2 At that time, line #1 has a loss of 0.15dB compared to line #2. It can be seen that line #2 has a gain of 0.15dB compared to line #1, that is, the performance obtained by using the method 500 proposed in this application is better.

[0154] Step 3: The transmitting device processes the payload bit sequence according to the first modulation order to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0155] For example, the transmitting end determines the modulation order based on the first modulation order Q. m Determine the code length E=N re *Qm, and the payload bit sequence is processed to obtain the first bit sequence. The payload bit sequence can be obtained by encoding and bit interleaving, as shown in the payload bit sequence. K Each bit is encoded to obtain a sequence of length E: e0, e1, e2, ... e E-1 The transmitting device further processes the encoded sequence e0, e1, e2, ... e E-1 Bit interleaving yields the interleaved sequence: f0, f1, f2, ... f E-1 .

[0156] It should be understood that this application does not limit the specific interleaving method. For example, interleaving by rows and columns:

[0157] It should also be understood that the transmitting device can be based on the first bit sequence f0, f1, f2, ... f E-1 Perform constellation mapping to obtain a constellation chart.

[0158] 502, The transmitting device modulates the first bit sequence based on the first modulation method to obtain the modulation symbol.

[0159] For example, after the transmitting device obtains the first bit sequence, it modulates the first bit sequence according to the first modulation scheme to obtain the modulation symbol. The first modulation scheme and the first modulation order Q are... m Correspondingly, the transmitting device can determine based on the first modulation order. Each constellation point, the transmitting device is based on Each constellation point modulates the first bit sequence to obtain the modulation symbol.

[0160] The following will provide an example of how the transmitting device determines constellation points in a non-uniform constellation based on a first modulation order.

[0161] For example, when the transmitting device obtains a constellation diagram by performing constellation mapping based on the first bit sequence, the transmitting device can do so according to the first modulation order Q. m Determine the constellation points and map the first bit sequence to each constellation point to obtain the constellation diagram.

[0162] It should be understood that the first modulation order Q m The number of corresponding constellation points is in, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in a constellation belongs to the first set of values. The constellation points consist of three groups: a first group, a second group, and a third group. The intervals between the points in the first group are the same as those in the second group, while the intervals between the points in the second group and those in the third group are different. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in a constellation, Q m It is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0163] Example, The interval between adjacent constellation points in a constellation belongs to the first set of values, where the first set of values ​​includes T values, and T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0164] Assume T = 2, meaning the first set of values ​​includes both the first and second values, and the first and second values ​​are not equal. The intervals between adjacent constellation points are the first and second values, respectively. It can be seen that... In a constellation, there exist at least two sets of constellation points where the interval between them is the first value (or the second value). There exists at least one set of constellation points whose interval size is the second value (or the first value).

[0165] For example, in the first set of values, the interval between any two adjacent values ​​is the same.

[0166] Assume the interval between the values ​​in the first set of values ​​is 2. The first set of values ​​includes 2 values ​​(T=2). The first set of values ​​includes a first value and a second value. The first value can be 2 and the second value can be 4; or, the first value can be 6 and the second value can be 8; or, the first value can be 4 and the second value can be 6. The first set of values ​​includes 3 values ​​(T=3). The first set of values ​​includes a first value, a second value, and a third value. The first value can be 2, the second value can be 4, and the third value can be 6; or, the first value can be 6, the second value can be 8, and the third value can be 10; or, the first value can be 4, the second value can be 6, and the third value can be 8.

[0167] It should be understood that, Among the constellations, Each constellation point in the constellation corresponds to a bit combination, and each bit combination includes Q. m Each constellation point contains bits, and the bit combinations corresponding to the real and imaginary parts are as follows: bits, The constellation points include The constellation points corresponding to each real part and The constellation points corresponding to the imaginary part, and the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part or the positive semi-axis corresponding to the imaginary part, include... Each constellation point corresponds to a real part. The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... Each constellation point corresponds to the real part. Each constellation point corresponds to a specific point.

[0168] The values ​​of the constellation points corresponding to the imaginary and real parts are determined based on the same mapping method, or the values ​​are determined based on the same mapping table (e.g., the table corresponding to Gray's mapping, or the table corresponding to natural mapping), meaning that the values ​​of the signs corresponding to the imaginary and real parts are the same. In this embodiment, the constellation points corresponding to the positive half-axis of the real part are used as an example for illustration. Those skilled in the art can obtain the star points of other constellations in the constellation diagram based on the constellation points corresponding to the positive half-axis of the real part and the relationships between constellation points; this application will not provide further examples of this.

[0169] As an example, suppose T = 2, the first set of values ​​includes a first value and a second value, where the first value is 2 and the second value is 4. Let the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part be... Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy:

[0170] 2*i+1, 0≤i≤3*2 m-3 -1;

[0171] 4*j+3+3*2 m-2 , 0≤j≤2 m-3 -1;

[0172] in, Q m It is an even number greater than or equal to 6.

[0173] For example, Q m =6, the real part of the four constellation points on the positive semi-axis can take the values ​​of 1, 3, 5, and 9. The interval between any two adjacent constellation points 1, 3, and 5 is 2, and the interval between constellation points 5 and 9 is 4; for example, Q m =8, the real part of the 8 constellation points on the positive semi-axis can take the values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, and 19. Among these, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 is 2, and the interval between constellation points 11, 15, and 19 is 4; for example, Q m=10, the real part of the 16 constellation points on the positive semi-axis can take the following values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 27, 31, 35, and 39. Among these, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23 is 2, and the interval between constellation points 23, 27, 31, 35, and 39 is 4; for example, Q m =12. The real part of the 32 constellation points on the positive semi-axis can take the following values: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, and 79. Among these, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, and 47 is 2, and the interval between constellation points 47, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, and 79 is 4.

[0174] It should be understood that the positive and negative semi-axes of the real part of a constellation point are symmetrical, and the positive and negative semi-axes of the imaginary part are symmetrical. The real part value corresponding to a constellation point on the positive semi-axe of the real part is the same as the imaginary part value corresponding to a constellation point on the positive semi-axe of the imaginary part. Taking 64QAM as an example, Q... m =6, the values ​​corresponding to the real part can be found in Table 5, and the values ​​corresponding to the imaginary part can be found in Table 6:

[0175] Table 5

[0176] Table 6

[0177] It should also be understood that small changes in constellation points have little impact on channel capacity. For example, a 5% overall scaling of the constellation points can achieve a similar effect. (Using Q...) m For example, if the real part is 6, the real part values ​​corresponding to the four constellation points on the positive semi-axis can also be: 1.02, 2.94, 5.07, and 9.28. Among them, the real part values ​​corresponding to the four constellation points on the positive semi-axis, 1.02, 2.94, 5.07, and 9.28, can be considered to be the same constellation as 1, 3, 5, and 9.

[0178] As an example, suppose T = 2, the first set of values ​​includes a first value and a second value, and the first value is 6 and the second value is 8.

[0179] Q m =6, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy: 3, 9, 15, and 23. Among them, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points in 3, 9, and 15 is 6, and the interval between constellation points 15 and 23 is 8.

[0180] Q m =8, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 41, and 49. Among them, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points in 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, and 33 is 6, and the interval between constellation points 33, 41, and 49 is 8.

[0181] As an example, suppose T = 3, the first set of values ​​includes the first value, the second value, and the third value, and the first value is 6, the second value is 8, and the third value is 10.

[0182] Q m =10, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy the following: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 65, 73, 81, 89, 99, and 109. Among these, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, and 57 is 6; the interval between constellation points 57, 65, 73, 81, and 89 is 8; and the interval between constellation points 89, 99, and 109 is 10.

[0183] Q m =12, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy the following: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 197, 207, 217, 227, and 237. Among them, the interval between any two adjacent constellation points 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57 and 63 is 6; the interval between constellation points 63, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179 and 187 is 8; and the interval between constellation points 187, 197, 207, 217, 227 and 237 is 10.

[0184] In one possible implementation, the first set of values ​​may include 0. It is understood that the first set of values ​​may also include other non-zero values.

[0185] As an example, the first set of numbers may include 0, 4, 10, 14, and 16.

[0186] Q m =8, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy the following: 7, 7, 17, 17, 31, 35, 49, and 65. Specifically, the intervals between adjacent constellation points 7 and 7, and 17 and 17 are all 0; the interval between constellation point 7 and 17 is 10. The interval between constellation points 31 and 35 is 4. The intervals between adjacent constellation points 17 and 31, and 35 and 49 are all 14. The interval between constellation points 49 and 65 is 16.

[0187] In this application, adjacent constellation points can be understood as constellation points arranged in ascending order. For a constellation point, the constellation points that are adjacent to it can be called the adjacent constellation points of that constellation point.

[0188] As an example, the first set of numbers may include 0, 2, 8, 10, 12, and 18.

[0189] Q m =10, the positive half-axis corresponding to the real part Taking a constellation point as an example, among which, the The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points can satisfy the following: 5, 5, 13, 13, 23, 23, 33, 33, 45, 45, 57, 59, 71, 79, 93, 111. Specifically, the intervals between adjacent constellation points 5 and 5; 13 and 13; 23 and 23; 33 and 33; and 45 and 45 are all 0. The intervals between adjacent constellation points 5 and 13; and 71 and 79 are all 8. The intervals between adjacent constellation points 13 and 23; and 23 and 33 are all 10. The intervals between adjacent constellation points 33 and 45; 45 and 57; and 59 and 71 are all 12. The interval between constellation points 57 and 59 is 2. The interval between constellation points 111 and 93 is 18.

[0190] Based on the examples above, it can be seen that in the first set of numbers, there are at least two pairs of adjacent numbers with the same interval size. For example, the first set of numbers may include 0, 4, 10, 14, and 16, where the interval between the numbers 0 and 4, and between the numbers 10 and 14, is 4. Alternatively, the first set of numbers may include 0, 2, 8, 10, 12, and 18, where the interval between the numbers 0 and 2, 8 and 10, and between the numbers 10 and 12, is 2.

[0191] It is understandable that the first set of values ​​includes 0, indicating that the constellation points include multiple repeated constellation points. This method can save energy and improve channel capacity at low bit rates by repeating multiple low-energy constellation points.

[0192] Optionally, the transmitting device performs Gray mapping on each constellation point to obtain the modulation symbol.

[0193] For example, the transmitting device obtains the modulation symbols according to the Gray map, where b0, b1, b2, ... f0, f1, f2, ... f E-1 Continuous Q in m The real part Re(x) and imaginary part Im(x) of a constellation point x can be obtained through a Gray mapping. x can also be normalized by multiplying each constellation point by the same normalization factor η, for example... This makes the average energy of the transmitted symbols equal to 1, where x0,…, For constellations.

[0194] 503, The transmitting device sends modulation symbols, and correspondingly, the receiving device receives modulation symbols.

[0195] It is understandable that, due to the introduction of channel noise signals during transmission, the modulation symbol #1 transmitted by the transmitting device and the modulation symbol #2 received by the receiving device may be different. This application embodiment uses the example of the receiving device obtaining the modulation symbol to be demodulated from the transmitting device.

[0196] 504. The receiving device demodulates the modulation symbol based on the first modulation method to obtain the first bit sequence.

[0197] For example, the transmitting device demodulates the modulation symbols to obtain a demodulated bit sequence (e.g., a first bit sequence). The transmitting device demodulates the modulation symbols according to a first modulation scheme, which corresponds to the first modulation scheme described above, and this first modulation scheme corresponds to a first modulation order Q. m Correspondingly. The first modulation method corresponds to... Each constellation point, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in a constellation belongs to the first set of values. The constellation points include a first group, a second group, and a third group. The intervals between the first and second groups are the same, while the intervals between the second and third groups are different. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in a constellation, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m The value of Q is the first modulation order. m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0198] It should be understood that, during the demodulation process, this first modulation method is also referred to as the first demodulation method.

[0199] It should be understood that the demodulation of the modulation symbols by the receiving device corresponds to the modulation of the first bit sequence by the transmitting device in step 502 above. For details, please refer to the specific steps of modulation described in step 502 above, which correspond to the relevant steps of demodulation. Those skilled in the art can obtain the detailed steps of demodulation based on the detailed steps of modulation described above, and this application will not elaborate on them further.

[0200] It is understood that the steps in the above figures are merely illustrative and are not intended to be strictly limited. Furthermore, the sequence numbers of the processes described above do not imply a specific order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0201] It is also understood that some coded sequence names are involved in the various embodiments of this application, and their naming does not limit the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0202] It is also understood that some optional features in the various embodiments of this application may not depend on other features in some scenarios, or may be combined with other features in some scenarios, without limitation.

[0203] It is also understood that, in the above-described method embodiments, the methods and operations implemented by the first device can also be implemented by components of the first device (such as chips or circuits), without limitation.

[0204] Corresponding to the methods described in the above embodiments, this application also provides corresponding apparatuses, which include modules for executing the methods described above. These modules can be software, hardware, or a combination of both. It is understood that the technical features described in the above method embodiments are also applicable to the following apparatus embodiments.

[0205] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of the communication device 900 provided in this application. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 includes a processing unit 910 and a communication unit 920. This communication unit may also be referred to as a transceiver unit.

[0206] In one possible implementation, the device 900 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to those performed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, wherein the processing unit 910 is used to perform processing-related operations of the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, and the communication unit 920 is used to perform transmission-related operations of the transmitting device in the above method embodiments. For example, each unit of the communication device 900 is used to implement the following functions:

[0207] The communication unit 920 is used to acquire the first bit sequence to be transmitted; the processing unit 910 is used to modulate the first bit sequence based on a first modulation scheme to obtain a modulation symbol; the communication unit 920 is also used to output the modulation symbol. The first modulation scheme and the first modulation order Q are specified in the original text. m Correspondingly, the first modulation method corresponds to Each constellation point, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in a constellation belongs to the first set of values. The constellation points include a first group, a second group, and a third group. The intervals between the first and second groups are the same, while the intervals between the second and third groups are different. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in a constellation, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0208] In various embodiments of the communication device 900 corresponding to the transmitting end, the processing unit 910 is used to perform processing and / or operations implemented internally by the transmitting end device, other than the actions of sending and receiving. The communication unit 920 is used to perform the receiving (or input) action of the transmitting end device, and / or to perform the sending (or output) action of the transmitting end device.

[0209] In another possible implementation, the device 900 can implement the steps or processes corresponding to those executed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments, wherein the processing unit 910 is used to perform processing-related operations of the receiving device in the above method embodiments, and the communication unit 920 is used to perform transmission-related operations of the receiving device in the above method embodiments. For example, each unit of the communication device 900 is used to implement the following functions:

[0210] The communication unit 920 is used to acquire modulation symbols; the processing unit 910 is used to demodulate the modulation symbols based on a first demodulation method to obtain a first bit sequence. The first demodulation method is related to the first modulation order Q. m Correspondingly, the first demodulation method corresponds to Each constellation point, The size of the interval between adjacent constellation points in a constellation belongs to the first set of values. The constellation points include a first group, a second group, and a third group. The intervals between the first and second groups are the same, while the intervals between the second and third groups are different. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in a constellation, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0211] In various embodiments of the communication device 900 corresponding to the transmitting end, the processing unit 910 is used to perform processing and / or operations implemented internally by the receiving end device, other than the actions of sending and receiving. The communication unit 920 is used to perform the receiving (or input) action of the receiving end device, and / or to perform the sending (or output) action of the receiving end device.

[0212] It should be understood that the device 900 here is embodied in the form of a functional unit. The term "unit" here may refer to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electronic circuits, processors (e.g., shared processors, proprietary processors, or group processors) and memories for executing one or more software or firmware programs, combined logic circuits, and / or other suitable components that support the described functions.

[0213] The apparatus 900 of each of the above-described schemes has the function of implementing the corresponding steps performed by the transmitting or receiving device in the above-described methods. The function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions; for example, a communication unit can be replaced by a transceiver (e.g., the transmitting unit in the communication unit can be replaced by a transmitter, and the receiving unit in the communication unit can be replaced by a receiver), and other units, such as processing units, can be replaced by a processor, each executing the transmission and reception operations and related processing operations in the respective method embodiments.

[0214] Furthermore, the aforementioned communication unit can also be a transceiver circuit (e.g., it may include a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit), and the processing unit can be a processing circuit. In embodiments of this application, the device 900 can be the transmitting or receiving device in the foregoing embodiments, or it can be a chip or a chip system, such as a system on a chip (SoC). The communication unit can be an input / output circuit or a communication interface; the processing unit is a processor, microprocessor, or integrated circuit integrated on the chip. No limitations are imposed here.

[0215] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the communication device 1000 provided in this application. As shown in Figure 10, the communication device 1000 includes: one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020, and one or more communication interfaces 1030. The processor 1010 is used to control the communication interface 1030 to send and receive signals, the memory 1020 is used to store computer programs, and the processor 1010 is used to call and run the computer programs from the memory 1020, so that the communication device 900 performs the processing performed by the sending end device or the receiving end device in the various method embodiments of this application.

[0216] For example, processor 1010 may have the functions of processing unit 910 shown in FIG. 9, and communication interface 1030 may have the functions of communication unit 920 shown in FIG. 9. Specifically, processor 1010 may be used to perform processing or operations performed internally by the communication device, and communication interface 1030 may be used to perform sending and / or receiving operations of the communication device.

[0217] Optionally, the memory and processor in the above-described device embodiments can be physically independent units, or the memory can be integrated with the processor. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0218] In addition, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the operations and / or processes performed by the first device in the various method embodiments of this application to be executed.

[0219] In addition, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code or instructions, such that when the computer program code or instructions are run on a computer, the operations and / or processes performed by the first device in the various method embodiments of this application are executed.

[0220] Furthermore, this application also provides a chip including a processor, a memory for storing a computer program disposed independently of the chip, the processor being used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, such that a device on which the chip is mounted performs the operations and / or processes performed by the first device in any of the method embodiments.

[0221] Furthermore, the chip may also include a communication interface. The communication interface may be an input / output interface or an interface circuit, etc. Furthermore, the chip may also include the memory.

[0222] Optionally, the processor can be one or more, and the memory can be one or more.

[0223] Furthermore, this application also provides a communication device (e.g., a chip or chip system) including a processor and a communication interface. According to the operations and / or processing performed by the first device in any of the foregoing method embodiments, the communication interface is used to receive (or input) message bits to be encoded, and the processor encodes the message bits to be encoded. Optionally, the communication interface is also used to send (or output) data and / or information processed by the processor.

[0224] Furthermore, this application also provides a communication device including at least one processor coupled to at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured to execute a computer program or instructions stored in the at least one memory, causing the communication device to perform operations and / or processes performed by a first device in any of the method embodiments.

[0225] In addition, this application also provides a communication system, including a first device in the method embodiments of this application.

[0226] The memory in this application embodiment can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it can include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be cache, random access memory (RAM), etc., and RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DRRAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0227] The methods provided in the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, they can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may include one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media.

[0228] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application use the designations "first," "second," etc., to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the designations "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different.

[0229] In this application embodiment, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following associated objects have an "or" relationship.

[0230] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0231] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0232] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0233] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0234] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0235] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0236] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A modulation method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the first bit sequence to be transmitted; The first bit sequence is modulated based on the first modulation method to obtain a modulation symbol; Output the modulation symbol, Wherein, the first modulation method and the first modulation order Q m Correspondingly, the first modulation method corresponds to Each constellation point, The spacing between adjacent constellation points in the aforementioned constellation points belongs to the first numerical set. The constellation points include a first group of constellation points, a second group of constellation points, and a third group of constellation points. The interval between the constellation points in the first group is the same as the interval between the constellation points in the second group, and the interval between the constellation points in the second group is different from the interval between the constellation points in the third group. Each group of constellation points includes... Two adjacent constellation points in the constellation points mentioned above, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

2. A demodulation method characterized by comprising: include: Obtain the modulation symbol; The modulation symbol is demodulated based on the first modulation scheme to obtain the first bit sequence. The first modulation mode corresponds to a first modulation order Q m Correspondingly, the first modulation mode corresponds to a first modulation order Q a constellation point, the size of the spacing between adjacent ones of the constellation points belongs to a first set of values, The constellation points include a first group of constellation points, a second group of constellation points, and a third group of constellation points. The first group of constellation points has a same interval size as the second group of constellation points. The second group of constellation points has a different interval size than the third group of constellation points. Each group of constellation points includes Two adjacent constellation points in the constellation points mentioned above, the first set of values ​​includes T values, Q m T is a positive integer greater than 1.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the first set of values, the interval between any two adjacent values ​​is the same.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each of the constellation points corresponds to a bit combination, and each of the bit combinations includes Q m bits, and the real part and the imaginary part corresponding to each of the constellation points correspond to bit combinations including one bit, one of the constellation points comprises a constellation point corresponding to a real part of the complex number and a constellation point corresponding to the real part, a positive half-axis of the constellation point corresponding to the real part, or a positive half-axis of the constellation point corresponding to the imaginary part comprises a constellation point, the real part of which corresponds to The constellation points are symmetric about the origin, with the imaginary parts corresponding to The constellation points are symmetric about the origin, with the imaginary parts corresponding to a constellation point corresponding to the real part Each constellation point corresponds to a specific point.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, T = 2, and the first set of values ​​includes 2 and 4.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 2*a+1,0≤a≤3*2 m-3 -1; 4*b+3+3*2 m-2 ,0≤b≤2 m-3 -1, in, Q m It is an even number greater than or equal to 6, where a and b are both integers.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, T = 2, and the first set of values ​​includes 6 and 8.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =6, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15 and 23.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =8, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 41 and 49.

10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, T = 3, and the first set of values ​​includes 6, 8, and 10.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =10, the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 65, 73, 81, 89, 99 and 109.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =12, the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 197, 207, 217, 227 and 237.

13. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each of the constellation points corresponds to a bit combination, and each bit combination includes Q. m Each constellation point corresponds to a combination of bits, including the real and imaginary parts of the bits. bits, The constellation points mentioned include The constellation points corresponding to each real part and The constellation points corresponding to the imaginary part, wherein the positive semi-axis of the constellation points corresponding to the real part or the positive semi-axis of the constellation points corresponding to the imaginary part includes... Each constellation point, the real part corresponding to... The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... The constellation points are symmetrical about the origin, and the imaginary part corresponds to... Each constellation point corresponds to the real part. Each constellation point corresponds to a specific point.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first set of values ​​includes 0.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =8, where the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part includes Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 7, 7, 17, 17, 31, 35, 49 and 65.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first modulation order Q m =16, including the positive semi-axis corresponding to the real part. Among the constellations, The real part values ​​corresponding to the constellation points include: 5, 5, 13, 13, 23, 23, 33, 33, 45, 45, 57, 59, 71, 79, 93 and 111.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, In the first set of values, at least two groups of adjacent values ​​have the same interval size.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The first modulation order is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number. The first index is the MCS index in the modulation and coding scheme MCS table, and the first sequence number difference is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The first difference in sequence number can be any one of {0, 2, 3}.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The first modulation order is determined from the MCS table based on a second index, which is determined based on the difference between the first index and the first sequence number.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The first index belongs to a first range, and the first sequence number difference is a first value; or, The first index belongs to the second range, and the first sequence number difference is the second value. Wherein, the right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the second range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The right endpoint of the first range is less than or equal to the first threshold, and the left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold. The first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that, The left endpoint of the second range is greater than the first threshold, and the right endpoint of the second range is less than or equal to the second threshold, where the second value is 2; or, The left endpoint of the second range is greater than the second threshold, where the second value is 3. Wherein, the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

24. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The first modulation order is determined from the MCS table based on a second index, which is determined based on the first sequence number difference and the first index. The first sequence number difference is determined based on the second modulation order or the spectral efficiency, which is determined from the MCS table based on a first index.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, The second modulation order or the spectral efficiency belongs to the third range, and the first sequence number difference is the first value; or... The second modulation order or the spectral efficiency belongs to the fourth range, and the first sequence number difference is the second value. Wherein, the right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the left endpoint of the fourth range, and the first value is less than or equal to the second value.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that, The right endpoint of the third range is less than or equal to the third threshold, and the left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold. The first value is 0, and the second value is 2 or 3.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the third threshold, and the right endpoint of the fourth range is less than or equal to the fourth threshold, where the second value is 2; or, The left endpoint of the fourth range is greater than the fourth threshold, and the second value is 3. The fourth threshold is greater than the third threshold.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, The third threshold is 4, and the fourth threshold is 6.

29. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, said at least one processor being configured to cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 28 by means of logic circuits and / or by executing a computer program.

30. The communication device according to claim 29, characterized in that, It also includes at least one memory for storing computer programs.

31. The communication device according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that, It also includes a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting signals.

32. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 28.

33. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer program code that, when run on a computer, causes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 28.

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