ALF corrections from multiple sources with separate controls
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing video coding technologies, in high-efficiency video coding standards, cannot effectively utilize multiple data sources for adaptive loop filtering, resulting in deficiencies in coding efficiency and quality.
By generating an adaptive loop filter (ALF) correction method based on multiple data sources, the method directly generates or applies filters for correction using data sources, and controls the selection and application of filters through syntax elements, and combines multiple data sources for video encoding.
It improves the efficiency and quality of video encoding, enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the encoder, and optimizes the filtering effect during the encoding process.
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Figure CN2026073889_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ALF CORRECTIONS FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES WITH SEPARATE CONTROLSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application that claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 747,406, filed on 21 January 2025. Content of above-listed applications are herein incorporated by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to video coding. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods of coding video pictures by adaptive loop filter (ALF) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is an international video coding standard developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) . HEVC is based on the hybrid block-based motion-compensated DCT-like transform coding architecture. The basic unit for compression, termed coding unit (CU) , is a 2Nx2N square block of pixels, and each CU can be recursively split into four smaller CUs until the predefined minimum size is reached. Each CU contains one or multiple prediction units (PUs) .
[0005] Versatile video coding (VVC) is the latest international video coding standard developed by the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11. The input video signal is predicted from the reconstructed signal, which is derived from the coded picture regions. The prediction residual signal is processed by a block transform. The transform coefficients are quantized and entropy coded together with other side information in the bitstream. The reconstructed signal is generated from the prediction signal and the reconstructed residual signal after inverse transform on the de-quantized transform coefficients. The reconstructed signal is further processed by in-loop filtering for removing coding artifacts. The decoded pictures are stored in the frame buffer for predicting the future pictures in the input video signal.
[0006] In VVC, a coded picture is partitioned into non-overlapped square block regions represented by the associated coding tree units (CTUs) . The leaf nodes of a coding tree correspond to the coding units (CUs) . A coded picture can be represented by a collection of slices, each comprising an integer number of CTUs. The individual CTUs in a slice are processed in raster-scan order. A bi-predictive (B) slice may be decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most two motion vectors (MVs) and reference indices to predict the sample values of each block. A predictive (P) slice is decoded using intra prediction or inter prediction with at most one motion vector and reference index to predict the sample values of each block. An intra (I) slice is decoded using intra prediction only.
[0007] A CTU can be partitioned into one or multiple non-overlapped coding units (CUs) using the quadtree (QT) with nested multi-type-tree (MTT) structure to adapt to various local motion and texture characteristics.
[0008] Each CU contains one or more prediction units (PUs) . The prediction unit, together with the associated CU syntax, works as a basic unit for signaling the predictor information. The specified prediction process is employed to predict the values of the associated pixel samples inside the PU. Each CU may contain one or more transform units (TUs) for representing the prediction residual blocks. A transform unit (TU) is comprised of a transform block (TB) of luma samples and two corresponding transform blocks of chroma samples and each TB correspond to one residual block of samples from one color component. An integer transform is applied to a transform block. The level values of quantized coefficients together with other side information are entropy coded in the bitstream. The terms coding tree block (CTB) , coding block (CB) , prediction block (PB) , and transform block (TB) are defined to specify the 2-D sample array of one-color component associated with CTU, CU, PU, and TU, respectively. Thus, a CTU consists of one luma CTB, two chroma CTBs, and associated syntax elements. A similar relationship is valid for CU, PU, and TU.
[0009] For each inter-predicted CU, motion parameters consisting of motion vectors, reference picture indices and reference picture list usage index, and additional information are used for inter-predicted sample generation. The motion parameter can be signalled in an explicit or implicit manner. When a CU is coded with skip mode, the CU is associated with one PU and has no significant residual coefficients, no coded motion vector delta or reference picture index. A merge mode is specified whereby the motion parameters for the current CU are obtained from neighbouring CUs, including spatial and temporal candidates, and additional schedules introduced in VVC. The merge mode can be applied to any inter-predicted CU. The alternative to merge mode is the explicit transmission of motion parameters, where motion vector, corresponding reference picture index for each reference picture list and reference picture list usage flag and other needed information are signalled explicitly per each CU.SUMMARY
[0010] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select and not all implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0011] Some embodiments provide a method for performing in-loop filtering by generating adaptive loop filtering (ALF) corrections based on multiple sources. A video coder receives data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels and reconstructs pixel samples of the current block. The video coder derives a data source according to a set of syntax elements. The video coder generates a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or by applying a filter on the data samples received from the derived data source. The filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements. The video coder applies the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block. The video coder provides the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block.
[0012] In some embodiments, a source derivation process is used to determine how to generate the data source and a filter selection process is used to select a filter for each sample in a coding region, the source derivation process and the filter selection process being controlled by the set of syntax elements. In some embodiments, the set of syntax elements are APS-level or block-level syntax that is different than the syntax elements for adaptive loop filtering (ALF) .
[0013] In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are available before deblock filtering (pre-DBF samples) , or sample adaptive offset filtering (pre-SAO samples) , or samples that are available before adaptive loop filtering (pre-ALF samples) . In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are already processed by a fixed filter. In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are upscaled or downscaled. In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are filtered according to parameters that are signaled in an Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) . In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are processed based on their respective positions (position-dependent processed samples) or based on pre-defined patterns that are determined for respective sample positions (position-dependent pseudo source) .
[0014] In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which fixed filter or which set of fixed filters to use for generating the data samples. In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which classifier to use for applying a fixed filter to generate the data samples. In some embodiments, the video coder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which chroma component source to use or which upscaling or downscaling filter to use for the data source. In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by providing cross-component prediction samples.
[0015] In some embodiments, the encoder generates the correction by blending a first correction value generated by an adaptive loop filter (ALF) module with a second correction value that is derived by applying a filter to the data samples received from the derived data source. The first and second correction values may be weighted differently for the blending.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 1 shows two diamond filter shapes that are used for adaptive loop filter (ALF) .
[0018] FIG. 2 provides a system level diagram of the cross-component ALF (CCALF) process with respect to the SAO, luma ALF and chroma ALF processes.
[0019] FIG. 3 shows a diamond shaped filter for CCALF.
[0020] FIG. 4 illustrates a CCALF filter shape that is constructed by 23 luma spatial taps and 5 luma residual taps.
[0021] FIG. 5 shows ALF online-trained filters.
[0022] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate an in-loop filtering stage using different sources of data to generate output for ALF stage.
[0023] FIG. 7 conceptually illustrates an example in-loop filter stage for ALF in which a source derivation process and a filter selection process can be implemented.
[0024] FIG. 8 shows the four pre-defined patterns that may be used as derived source for the ALF stage.
[0025] FIG. 9 illustrates an example video encoder that may implement ALF.
[0026] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates a video encoding process for generating ALF corrections based on multiple sources.
[0027] FIG. 11 illustrates an example video decoder may implement ALF.
[0028] FIG. 12 conceptually illustrates a video decoding process for generating ALF corrections based on multiple sources.
[0029] FIG. 13 conceptually illustrates an electronic system with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. Any variations, derivatives and / or extensions based on teachings described herein are within the protective scope of the present disclosure. In some instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and / or circuitry pertaining to one or more example implementations disclosed herein may be described at a relatively high level without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of teachings of the present disclosure. I. In-Loop Filtering
[0031] A. Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF)
[0032] In VVC, an Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) with block-based filter adaption is applied. For the luma component, one among 25 filters is selected for each 4×4 block, based on the direction and activity of local gradients. FIG. 1 shows two diamond filter shapes that are used for ALF. The 7×7 diamond shape 110 is applied for luma component and the 5×5 diamond shape 120 is applied for chroma components.
[0033] For luma component, each 4 x 4 block is categorized into one out of 25 classes. Before filtering each 4×4 luma block, geometric transformations such as rotation or diagonal and vertical flipping are applied to the filter coefficients f (k, l) and to the corresponding filter clipping values c (k, l) depending on gradient values calculated for that block. This is equivalent to applying these transformations to the samples in the filter support region. The idea is to make different blocks to which ALF is applied more similar by aligning their directionality. For chroma components in a picture, no classification method is applied.
[0034] At decoder side, when ALF is enabled for a CTB, each sample R (i, j) within the CU is filtered, resulting in sample value R′ (i, j) as shown below,
[0035] where f (k, l) denotes the decoded filter coefficients, K (x, y) is the clipping function and c (k, l) denotes the decoded clipping parameters. The variable k and l vary between and where L denotes the filter length. The clipping function K (x, y) =min (y, max (-y, x) ) which corresponds to the function Clip3 (-y, y, x) . The clipping operation introduces non-linearity to make ALF more efficient by reducing the impact of neighbor sample values that are too different with the current sample value.
[0036] B. Cross-Component ALF (CCALF)
[0037] CCALF uses luma sample values to refine each chroma component by applying an adaptive, linear filter to the luma channel and then using the output of this filtering operation for chroma refinement. FIG. 2 shows placement of CCALF with respect to other loop filters, which provides a system level diagram of the CCALF process with respect to the SAO, luma ALF and chroma ALF processes. Filtering in CCALF is accomplished by applying a linear, diamond shaped filter to the luma channel. FIG. 3 shows a diamond shaped filter for CCALF.
[0038] As illustrated in FIG. 2, ALF luma module 210 is applied to luma output of DBF and SAO to generate the luma output of the ALF stage. CCALF modules 221 and 222 are also applied to luma output of DBF and SAO for the chroma channels. ALF chroma module 230 is applied to chroma outputs of DBF and SAO. The output of the CCALF modules 221 and 222 are used as correction terms for the output of the ALF chroma module 230 to generate the chroma output of the ALF stage for the chroma channels.
[0039] One filter is used for each chroma channel (CCALF) , and the operation is expressed as
[0040] where (x, y) is chroma component i location being refined (xY, yY) is the luma location based on (x, y) , Si is filter support area in luma component, ci (x0, y0) represents the filter coefficients. As shown in FIG. 3, the luma filter support is the region collocated with the current chroma sample after accounting for the spatial scaling factor between the luma and chroma planes.
[0041] C. Signaling ALF Parameters
[0042] ALF filter parameters are signalled in Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) . In one APS, up to 25 sets of luma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes, and up to eight sets of chroma filter coefficients and clipping value indexes could be signalled. To reduce bits overhead, filter coefficients of different classification for luma component can be merged. In slice header, the indices of the APSs used for the current slice are signaled.
[0043] Clipping value indexes, which are decoded from the APS, allow determining clipping values using a table of clipping values for both luma and Chroma components. These clipping values are dependent of the internal bitdepth. More precisely, the clipping values are obtained by the following formula: AlfClip = {round (2B-a*n) for n∈ [0... N –1 ] }
[0044] with B equal to the internal bitdepth, a is a pre-defined constant value equal to 2.35, and N equal to 4 which is the number of allowed clipping values in VVC. The AlfClip is then rounded to the nearest value with the format of power of 2.
[0045] In slice header, up to 7 APS indices can be signaled to specify the luma filter sets that are used for the current slice. The filtering process can be further controlled at CTB level. A flag is always signalled to indicate whether ALF is applied to a luma CTB. A luma CTB can choose a filter set among 16 fixed filter sets and the filter sets from APSs. A filter set index is signaled for a luma CTB to indicate which filter set is applied. The 16 fixed filter sets are pre-defined and hard-coded in both the encoder and the decoder.
[0046] For chroma component, an APS index is signaled in slice header to indicate the chroma filter sets being used for the current slice. At CTB level, a filter index is signaled for each chroma CTB if there is more than one chroma filter set in the APS.
[0047] The filter coefficients are quantized with norm equal to 128. In order to restrict the multiplication complexity, a bitstream conformance is applied so that the coefficient value of the non-central position shall be in the range of -27 to 27 -1, inclusive. The central position coefficient is not signalled in the bitstream and is considered as equal to 128.
[0048] In some embodiments, ALF gradient subsampling and ALF virtual boundary processing are removed. Block size for classification is reduced from 4x4 to 2x2. Filter size for both luma and chroma, for which ALF coefficients are signalled, is increased.
[0049] D. ALF with Fixed Filter
[0050] In some embodiments, to filter a luma sample, three different classifiers (C0, C1 and C2) and three different sets of filters (F0, F1 and F2) are used. Sets F0 and F1 contain fixed filters, with coefficients trained for classifiers C0 and C1. Coefficients of filters in F2 are signalled. Which filter from a set Fi is used for a given sample is decided by a class Ci assigned to this sample using classifier Ci. The number of bits used to represent the fractional part of a luma coefficient is adaptive from 5 to 8, inclusively. For each luma filter set, which contains up to 25 filters, a 2-bit syntax element is signalled in APS to indicate the number of bits used for the coefficients in this set. The value range of a coefficient is not changed.
[0051] At first, two 13x13 diamond shape fixed filters F0 and F1 are applied to derive two intermediate samples R0 (x, y) and R1 (x, y) . After that, F2 is applied to R0 (x, y) , R1 (x, y) , and neighboring samples to derive a filtered sample as
[0052] where fi, j is the clipped difference between a neighboring sample and current sample R (x, y) and gi is the clipped difference between Ri-20 (x, y) and current sample. The filter coefficients ci, i = 0, …21, are signalled.
[0053] E. Classification
[0054] Based on directionality Di and activity aclass Ci is assigned to each 2x2 block:
[0055] where MD, i represents the total number of directionalities Di. As in VVC, values of the horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal gradients are calculated for each sample using 1-D Laplacian. The sum of the sample gradients within a 4×4 window that covers the target 2×2 block is used for classifier C0 and the sum of sample gradients within a 12×12 window is used for classifiers C1 and C2. The sums of horizontal, vertical and two diagonal gradients are denoted, respectively, as and The directionality Di is determined by comparing
[0056] with a set of thresholds. The directionality D2 is derived as in VVC using thresholds 2 and 4.5. For D0 and D1, horizontal / vertical edge strength and diagonal edge strength are calculated first. Thresholds Th = [1.25,1.5,2,3,4.5,8] are used. Edge strength is 0 if otherwise, is the maximum integer such that Edge strength is 0 if otherwise, is the maximum integer such that When i.e., horizontal / vertical edges are dominant, the Di is derived by using 错误!未找到引用源. (a); otherwise, diagonal edges are dominant, the Di is derived by using Table 1 (b) . Table 1. Mapping of and to Di
[0057] To obtain the sum of vertical and horizontal gradients Ai is mapped to the range of 0 to n, where n is equal to 4 for and 15 for and In an ALF_APS, up to 4 luma filter sets are signalled, each set may have up to 24 filters.
[0058] In some embodiments, classification in ALF is extended with an additional alternative classifier. For a signalled luma filter set, a flag is signalled to indicate whether the alternative classifier is applied. Geometrical transformation is not applied to the alternative band classifier. When the band-based classifier is applied, the sum of sample values of a 2x2 luma block is calculated at first. Then the class index is calculated as below, class_index = (sum *12) >> (sample bit depth + 2) .
[0059] A third classifier based on luma residual sample values. For each 2x2 luma block, the sum of absolute values of the residual samples in a neighbouring 8x8 window is calculated, and the class index is derived as: classIdx = sum >> (sample bit depth –3) .
[0060] The value of classIdx is in the range of 0 to 11, same as in ECM-8.0. The classifier usage is signaled for each luma filter set in APS.
[0061] For the online filters (signaled filters) , each 2×2 unit is classified into 2 noise levels according to the partitioning information. For a 2×2 unit, it is classified into noise level-1 if it is located at a CU or TU boundary, and into noise level-0 if it is not. The class number of existing classifiers is reduced from 25 to 12. For the texture-based classifier, the 25 classes are mapped to 12 classes with a pre-defined LUT. For the band-based and residual based classifiers, the 25 classes are decreased to 12 classes by enlarging the band width. These 12 classes are further combined with the proposed 2 noise levels to generate final 12×2 = 24 classes in total. The number of classifiers for online filters is kept as 3 and no additional encoder selection is introduced.
[0062] For the offline filters (fixed filters) , each 2×2 unit is classified into 2 noise levels in the same way as the classification of online filters. Besides, each 2×2 unit is further classified into 2 residual levels based on a predefined threshold also in the same way as the classifier of online filters. Furthermore, the generated offset of offline filters is adjusted based on the boundary level and residual level accordingly, where a stronger offset is applied on the positions at boundaries or with higher residuals.
[0063] F. CCALF with Long Tap Filter
[0064] In some embodiments, the CCALF process uses a linear filter to filter luma sample values, luma residual samples and generate a residual correction for the chroma samples. FIG. 4 illustrates a CCALF filter shape that is constructed by 23 luma spatial taps 410 and 5 luma residual taps 420. For a given slice, the encoder can collect the statistics of the slice, analyze them and can signal up to 16 filters through APS. The number of bits used to represent the fractional part of a CCALF coefficient can vary from 7 to 10 adaptively. FIG. 4 also illustrates a 3x3 asymmetric cross shape filter 430 that is added to handle chroma SAO output samples as additional input to CCALF.
[0065] FIG. 5 shows ALF online-trained filters, which include 4 types of filter taps: spatial taps 510, fixed-filter-output based taps 520, reconstruction-before-DBF based taps 530, and residual based taps 540. The fixed-filter-output based taps 520 are extended, the residual based taps 540 contain the clipped residual sample and the clipped residual sample filtered by the fixed filters, and the reconstruction-before-DBF (pre-DBF) based taps 530 contain the clipped pre-DBF samples and the pre-DBF samples filtered by a Gaussian fixed filter. The shape of Gaussian fixed filter is a diamond 7x7 shape, and the filter parameters are stored at both encoder and decoder. There is no classification for this fixed filter.
[0066] G. ALF Residual Scaling
[0067] In some embodiments, a scaling factor is signaled in slice header, the scaling factors is applied to the difference between the ALF input and ALF output, and the scaled residual is added to the ALF input (it produces a scaled ALF filtering) . A similar scaling process is applied to NN filtering in NNVC. Different luma scaling factors may be associated with different group of class indexes, and the ALF output is derived as follows: rec’ (s) = rec (s) + (corr (s) *tab [sfi [class (s) ] ] + 4 ) >> 3,
[0068] where ALF residual correction ‘corr (s) ’ is scaled using the scaling factor associated to the class index of the sample, ‘tab’ is the predefined LUT for mapping scaling index ‘sfi’ to scaling factor.
[0069] H. Fixed Filters based on Laplacian classifiers
[0070] In some embodiments, two Laplacian-based classifiers (one for each fixed filter) are applied to a 2x2 block. In each classifier, activity and directionality values are derived based on vertical, horizontal, and diagonal gradients using a window surrounding each 2x2 block. For each 2x2 block, the mean value of a surrounding window is calculated. Then, for each sample of this window, the difference between the sample value and the mean value is calculated. A scaling factor is determined based on the activity value derived from a Laplacian classifier. The square root of the sum of the squared differences is further quantized to C′ by a scaling factor. The value of C′ is an integer between 0 and 7, inclusively. With i=0, 1, let Ci denote the classifier from the classifier of i-th fixed filter. Then the proposed class index Ci′is derived as Ci′= C′*896 + Ci.
[0071] The total number of the fixed filters is not changed. Then a class index is determined based on the activity and directionality values. Two diamond shaped fixed filters are selected from the two filter sets by using the derived two class indices. Both fixed filters are applied to samples before DBF and ALF input, where additional diamond 9x9 filter is used for the samples before DBF. The shape of the first fixed filter applied to the ALF input samples is reduced from 13x13 to 9x9, and the shape of the second fixed filter, which is 13x13, applied to ALF input is unchanged as shown in the table below.
[0072] Fixed filter f1 is applied to outputs of f0 (instead of ALF input) and samples before DBF. Finally, a signaled filter is applied to the ALF input samples, samples before the deblocking filter (DBF) , outputs of the two fixed filters, output of a gaussian filter and the residual data.
[0073] In some embodiments, a classifier based on Laplacian values and variance is applied to a 2x2 chroma block. Compared to the luma classifier of a fixed filter, when calculating the activity value, the sum of the chroma vertical and horizonal Laplacian values is multiplied by 2 before scaling. Similarly, the chroma variance is multiplied by 2 before scaling. The derived class index is then used to select a fixed filter from a chroma filter set. A chroma fixed filter is applied to chroma ALF input samples in a 13x13 diamond shape and DBF input samples in a 7x7 diamond shape. The first luma classifier is applied to each 2x2 chroma block. The derived class index is then used to select a fixed filter from the luma fixed filter set related to this classifier. A fixed filter is applied to chroma ALF input sample in a 9x9 diamond shape and DBF input samples in a 9x9 diamond shape. In a signaled chroma filter, 5x5 crossing extra taps are introduced, which are applied to the fixed filter output.
[0074] J. ALF Correction from Multiple sources with Separate Controls
[0075] For in-loop filtering, different types of sources of data may be used for ALF filtering. A source of data for ALF may be (i) generated by a standalone tool or stage and blended with output of ALF or (ii) directly used as input to ALF. FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate an in-loop filtering stage 600 using different sources of data to generate output 690 for the ALF stage.
[0076] FIG. 6A illustrates a first source of data 601 that is generated in a standalone stage 620 and blended with output of an ALF module 610. The standalone stage may be a filter that is applied to some other sources of data 605 to generate the first source of data 601, which may then be used as a correction term to the output of the ALF module 610. FIG. 6B illustrates a second source of data 602 that is directly used as input to the ALF module 610.
[0077] In the example of FIG. 2, the first data source 601 may be outputs of the CCALF modules 221 and 222, which are correction terms to outputs of ALF chroma module 230. The second data source 602 may be input to the ALF luma module 210 or the ALF chroma module 230.
[0078] There are pros and cons for using the first data source 601 (from a standalone filter) versus using the second data source 602. The standalone tool 620 generating the first data source 601 has separate controls from the ALF module 610, making the standalone tool 620 more flexible. However, it is more difficult to perform joint optimization with the ALF module 610 than when using the second data source 602.
[0079] Since multiple types of data source may be used for ALF, in some embodiments, for all sources, for a same coding unit (CU) , a same process is used for ALF source derivation and filter selection, as the mode decision and the ALF classification processes may be shared. In some embodiments, the video coder may use separate processes for ALF source derivation and filter selection processes that may be different for each source, providing more combinations to make ALF more efficient for video coding.
[0080] In some embodiments, at the in-loop filtering stage for ALF, a source derivation process is performed to determine or derive a data source, and the data source is used to derive a correction term to the reconstructed samples. To derive the correction term, a filter selection process may be performed to determine how to apply filters to the data source, and the filter result is used as the correction term. For the source derivation process and / or the filter selection process, a set of syntax separated from the other sources in ALF is signaled / parsed in the bitstream. Specifically, the source may be any of the followings: ● Fixed filtered pre-DBF, residual, or pre-ALF samples · Upscaled or downscaled samples · APS filtered samples ● Position-dependent processed samples ● Position-dependent pseudo source
[0081] The term “position-dependent” means that the process is determined based on the sample’s position. The term “pseudo source” means that the source is derived from a pre-determined pattern rather than the reconstructed samples.
[0082] In some embodiments, the source derivation process is used to determine or indicate how to generate the data source for ALF. The filter selection process is used to select the filter for each sample in a coding region. Such a process may provide a combination of (i) whether to apply filtering to the current coding region, (ii) how to perform the ALF classification, and (iii) which filter sets or filters to use.
[0083] FIG. 7 conceptually illustrates an example in-loop filter stage 700 for ALF in which a source derivation process and a filter selection process can be implemented. As illustrated, an ALF module 710 receives data from pre-ALF sources 701 and other sources 702 to generate a primary ALF output 715. A filtering module 720 receives data from the pre-ALF sources 701 and a derived source ( “Source P” ) 705 to generate a secondary ALF output 725. The primary and secondary ALF outputs are blended at a summation 730 to generate final ALF output 740 for in-loop filter stages after the ALF stage 700. A source derivation process 750 controls the derivation or generation of data from “source P” 705. A filter selection process 760 controls the filtering module 720. In some embodiments, the filter selection process 760 controls the ALF module 710.
[0084] The final ALF output 740 is used as a correction to the target reconstructed sample so also referred to as the ALF final correction term, or rfinal (x, y) . The primary ALF output 715 may be called “ALF correction term” , or rALF (x, y) . The secondary ALF output 725 may be called the “source correction term” , or rp (x, y) . Thus, at the summation 730, rfinal (x, y) = rALF (x, y) + rp (x, y)
[0085] The source derivation process may take any source available before ALF as input to generate the source P. The reconstruction formula used in the filtering module 720 is:
[0086] where rp (x, y) is the correction term 725, ci are signaled / parsed filter coefficients, and pi are filter inputs derived from the “source P” 705. There are N taps defined on the one source. For “source P” 705, there is a set of syntax separated from the “other sources for ALF” 702 to control how to derive the sources (in “Source P” 705) , how to apply the classification, whether to apply filtering, or which filter to use. If the filtering is not applied, the “source P” 705 may be discarded (not used at all) or directly used as the correction term 725 without filtering. The following formula shows an instance of directly using the source P as the correction term: rp (x, y) = P (x, y)
[0087] In some embodiments, the derived data source “Source P” 705 is a fixed-filtered source. One or multiple fixed filters may be applied to a source available before ALF, such as pre-DBF, pre-SAO, or pre-ALF sources. A set of syntax separated from other sources for ALF is signaled / parsed to control the source derivation process 750 or the filter selection process 760 for the fixed-filtered source, where the source derivation process 750 may provide or indicate (i) which fixed filter (or fixed filter set) to use and (ii) which classifier for fixed filtering to use.
[0088] In some embodiments, the derived data source “source P” 705 is an upscaled chroma source. A set of syntax separated from other sources for ALF is signaled / parsed to control the source derivation process 750 or the filter selection process 760 for the upscaled chroma source, where the source derivation may contain (i) which chroma component source to use, and (ii) which upscaling / downscaling filter to use.
[0089] In some embodiments, “source P” 705 is a cross-chroma component source. When filtering Cb component, Cr source is used. When filtering Cr component, Cb source is used. A set of syntax separated from other sources for ALF is signaled / parsed to control the processes of source derivation or filter selection for the cross-chroma component source.
[0090] In some embodiments, “source P” 705 is a position-dependent pseudo source. Instead of reconstruction samples, pre-defined patterns may be used as input of the ALF. The following formula shows an instance of using such source in ALF: rp (x, y) = c0 * (x%2 == 0 &&y%2 == 0) ? K0: 0+c1 * (x%2 == 1 &&y%2 == 0) ? K1: 0+c2 * (x%2 == 0 &&y%2 == 1) ? K2: 0+c3 * (x%2 == 1 &&y%2 == 1) ? K3: 0
[0091] The above formula corresponds to pre-defined patterns shown in FIG. 8, which shows the four pre-defined patterns 810-813 that may be used as derived source ( “source P” ) 705 for the ALF stage 700. A set of syntax separated from other sources for ALF may be signaled / parsed to control the source derivation process 750 or the filter selection process 760 for the position-dependent pseudo source, where the source derivation process 750 may specify (i) which patterns to use and (ii) the intensity of each pattern (K0, …, K3) .
[0092] In some embodiments, the derived data source “Source P” 705 is a position-dependent processed source. Each sample may have different derivation process according to its position. The following formula shows an instance of using such source in ALF. rp(x, y) = c0 *f (x, y) (p (x, y) ) + …
[0093] where f (x, y) (·) is a position-dependent process: If x%2 == 0 &&y%2 == 0, f (x, y) (·) = f0 (·) . If x%2 == 1 &&y%2 == 0, f (x, y) (·) = f1 (·) . If x%2 == 0 &&y%2 == 1, f (x, y) (·) = f2 (·) . If x%2 == 1 &&y%2 == 1, f (x, y) (·) = f3 (·) .
[0094] A set of syntax separated from other sources for ALF is signaled / parsed to control the processes of source derivation or filter selection for the position-dependent processed source, where the source derivation may contain (i) which functions to use (f0, …, f3) , and (ii) which position-dependent conditions to use.
[0095] In some embodiments, the filters for the source ( “source P” ) are signaled / parsed in an adaptive parameter set (APS) different from the ALF APS. In some embodiments, the source derivation process or the filter selection process for the source are indicated by a set of CTU / CTB / block-level syntax different from the ALF syntax. In some embodiments, the source correction term 725 (from the “source P” 705) may be blended with the ALF correction term 715 to form a final correction term 740 for the sample reconstruction. The blending weights may be explicitly signaled / parsed, implicitly derived, or pre-determined.
[0096] In some embodiments, in the example of FIG. 7, the output of the ALF module 710 rALF (x, y) and the output of the filtering module 720 rp (x, y) are blended with weights {a, b} to form the final correction term rfinal (x, y) for in-loop filtering: rfinal (x, y) = a*rALF (x, y) + b*rp (x, y)
[0097] The foregoing proposed methods can be implemented in encoders and / or decoders. For example, the proposed method can be implemented in an in-loop filtering module of an encoder, and / or an in-loop filtering module of a decoder. II. Example Video Encoder
[0098] FIG. 9 illustrates an example video encoder 900 that may implement adaptive loop filter (ALF) . As illustrated, the video encoder 900 receives input video signal from a video source 905 and encodes the signal into bitstream 995. The video encoder 900 has several components or modules for encoding the signal from the video source 905, at least including some components selected from a transform module 910, a quantization module 911, an inverse quantization module 914, an inverse transform module 915, an intra estimation module 924, an intra prediction module 925, a motion compensation module 930, a motion estimation module 935, an in-loop filter 945, a reconstructed picture buffer 950, a MV buffer 965, and a MV prediction module 975, and an entropy encoder 990. The motion compensation module 930 and the motion estimation module 935 are part of an inter-prediction module 940. The intra-prediction module 925 and the intra-estimation module 924 are part of a current picture prediction module 920, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0099] In some embodiments, the modules 910 –990 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device or electronic apparatus. In some embodiments, the modules 910 –990 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more integrated circuits (ICs) of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 910 –990 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0100] The video source 905 provides a raw video signal that presents pixel data of each video frame without compression. A subtractor 908 computes the difference between the raw pixel data 902 provided by the video source 905 and the predicted pixel data 913 from the inter-prediction module 940 or the current picture prediction module 920 as prediction residual 909. The transform module 910 converts the difference (or the residual pixel data or residual signal 909) into transform coefficients (e.g., by performing Discrete Cosine Transform, or DCT) . The quantization module 911 quantizes the transform coefficients into quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 912, which is encoded into the bitstream 995 by the entropy encoder 990.
[0101] The inverse quantization module 914 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 912 to obtain transform coefficients 918, and the inverse transform module 915 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 918 to produce reconstructed residual 919. The reconstructed residual 919 is added with the predicted pixel data 913 to produce reconstructed pixel data 917. In some embodiments, the reconstructed pixel data 917 is temporarily stored in a line buffer 927 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction. The reconstructed pixels are filtered by the in-loop filter 945 and stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 950. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 950 is a storage external to the video encoder 900. In some embodiments, the reconstructed picture buffer 950 is a storage internal to the video encoder 900.
[0102] The intra estimation module 924 derives intra-prediction data (e.g., intra prediction modes) based on the reconstructed pixel data 917 (stored in the line buffer 927) . The intra-prediction data is provided to the entropy encoder 990 to be encoded into bitstream 995. The intra-prediction data is also used by the intra-prediction module 925 to produce the predicted pixel data 913.
[0103] The motion estimation module 935 performs inter-prediction by producing MVs to reference pixel data of previously decoded frames stored in the reconstructed picture buffer 950. These MVs are provided to the motion compensation module 930 to produce predicted pixel data.
[0104] Instead of encoding the complete actual MVs in the bitstream, the video encoder 900 uses MV prediction to generate predicted MVs, and the difference between the MVs used for motion compensation and the predicted MVs is encoded as residual motion data and stored in the bitstream 995.
[0105] The MV prediction module 975 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for encoding previously video frames, i.e., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 975 retrieves reference MVs from previous video frames from the MV buffer 965. The video encoder 900 stores the MVs generated for the current video frame in the MV buffer 965 as reference MVs for generating predicted MVs.
[0106] The MV prediction module 975 uses the reference MVs to create the predicted MVs. The predicted MVs can be computed by spatial MV prediction or temporal MV prediction. The difference between the predicted MVs and the motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) of the current frame (residual motion data) are encoded into the bitstream 995 by the entropy encoder 990.
[0107] The entropy encoder 990 encodes various parameters and data into the bitstream 995 by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding. The entropy encoder 990 encodes various header elements, flags, along with the quantized transform coefficients 912, and the residual motion data as syntax elements into the bitstream 995. The bitstream 995 is in turn stored in a storage device or transmitted to a decoder over a communications medium such as a network.
[0108] The in-loop filter 945 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the reconstructed pixel data 917 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 945 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) .
[0109] In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters. For some embodiments, the ALF related stages of the in-loop filter 945 are described in Section I. An example of the in-loop filter 945 is described by reference to FIG. 2. In some of these embodiments, the ALF stage of the in-loop filter has a source derivation process and a filter selection process for generating ALF correction based on multiple sources as described by reference to FIG. 7. The source derivation process and the filter selection process may be controlled by syntax elements signaled in the bitstream by the entropy encoder 990.
[0110] FIG. 10 conceptually illustrates a video encoding process 1000 for generating ALF corrections based on multiple sources. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the encoder 900 performs the process 1000 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the encoder 900 performs the process 1000.
[0111] The encoder receives (at block 1010) data to be encoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture of a video. The encoder reconstructs (at block 1020) pixel samples of the current block.
[0112] The encoder derives (at block 1030) or determines a data source according to a set of syntax elements. The encoder generates (at block 1040) a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or by applying a filter on the data samples received from the data source. The filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements. In some embodiments, a source derivation process is used to determine how to generate the data source and a filter selection process is used to select a filter for each sample in a coding region, the source derivation process and the filter selection process being controlled by the set of syntax elements. In some embodiments, the set of syntax elements are APS-level or block-level syntax that is different than the syntax elements for adaptive loop filtering (ALF) .
[0113] In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are available before deblock filtering (pre-DBF samples) , or sample adaptive offset filtering (pre-SAO samples) , or samples that are available before adaptive loop filtering (pre-ALF samples) . In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are already processed by a fixed filter. In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are upscaled or downscaled. In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are filtered according to parameters that are signaled in an Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) . In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are processed based on their respective positions (position-dependent processed samples) or based on pre-defined patterns that are determined for respective sample positions (position-dependent pseudo source) .
[0114] In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which fixed filter or which set of fixed filters to use for generating the data samples. In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which classifier to use for applying a fixed filter to generate the data samples. In some embodiments, the video coder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which chroma component source to use or which upscaling or downscaling filter to use for the data source. In some embodiments, the video encoder derives the data source or controls the filter by providing cross-component prediction samples.
[0115] The encoder applies (at block 1050) the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block. The encoder provides (at block 1060) the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block. In some embodiments, the encoder generates the correction by blending a first correction value (e.g., 715) generated by an adaptive loop filter (ALF) module with a second correction value (e.g., 725) that is derived by applying a filter to the data samples received from the derived data source. The first and second correction values may be weighted differently for the blending. III. Example Video Decoder
[0116] In some embodiments, an encoder may signal (or generate) one or more syntax element in a bitstream, such that a decoder may parse said one or more syntax element from the bitstream.
[0117] FIG. 11 illustrates an example video decoder 1100 may implement adaptive loop filter (ALF) . As illustrated, the video decoder 1100 is an image-decoding or video-decoding circuit that receives a bitstream 1195 and decodes the content of the bitstream into pixel data of video frames for display. The video decoder 1100 has several components or modules for decoding the bitstream 1195, including some components selected from an inverse quantization module 1114, an inverse transform module 1115, an intra-prediction module 1125, a motion compensation module 1130, an in-loop filter 1145, a decoded picture buffer 1150, a MV buffer 1165, a MV prediction module 1175, and a parser 1190. The motion compensation module 1130 is part of an inter-prediction module 1140. The intra-prediction module 1125 is part of a current picture prediction module 1120, which uses current picture reconstructed samples as reference samples for prediction of the current block.
[0118] In some embodiments, the modules 1114 –1190 are modules of software instructions being executed by one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device. In some embodiments, the modules 1114 –1190 are modules of hardware circuits implemented by one or more ICs of an electronic apparatus. Though the modules 1114 –1190 are illustrated as being separate modules, some of the modules can be combined into a single module.
[0119] The parser 1190 (or entropy decoder) receives the bitstream 1195 and performs initial parsing according to the syntax defined by a video-coding or image-coding standard. The parsed syntax element includes various header elements, flags, as well as quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1112. The parser 1190 parses out the various syntax elements by using entropy-coding techniques such as context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) or Huffman encoding.
[0120] The inverse quantization module 1114 de-quantizes the quantized data (or quantized coefficients) 1112 to obtain transform coefficients, and the inverse transform module 1115 performs inverse transform on the transform coefficients 1118 to produce reconstructed residual signal 1119. The reconstructed residual signal 1119 is added with predicted pixel data 1113 from the intra-prediction module 1125 or the motion compensation module 1130 to produce decoded pixel data 1117. The decoded pixels data are filtered by the in-loop filter 1145 and stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1150 is a storage external to the video decoder 1100. In some embodiments, the decoded picture buffer 1150 is a storage internal to the video decoder 1100.
[0121] The intra-prediction module 1125 receives intra-prediction data from bitstream 1195 and according to which, produces the predicted pixel data 1113 from the decoded pixel data 1117 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150. In some embodiments, the decoded pixel data 1117 is also stored in a line buffer 1127 (or intra prediction buffer) for intra-picture prediction and spatial MV prediction.
[0122] In some embodiments, the content of the decoded picture buffer 1150 is used for display. A display device 1105 either retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer 1150 for display directly, or retrieves the content of the decoded picture buffer to a display buffer. In some embodiments, the display device receives pixel values from the decoded picture buffer 1150 through a pixel transport.
[0123] The motion compensation module 1130 produces predicted pixel data 1113 from the decoded pixel data 1117 stored in the decoded picture buffer 1150 according to motion compensation MVs (MC MVs) . These motion compensation MVs are decoded by adding the residual motion data received from the bitstream 1195 with predicted MVs received from the MV prediction module 1175.
[0124] The MV prediction module 1175 generates the predicted MVs based on reference MVs that were generated for decoding previous video frames, e.g., the motion compensation MVs that were used to perform motion compensation. The MV prediction module 1175 retrieves the reference MVs of previous video frames from the MV buffer 1165. The video decoder 1100 stores the motion compensation MVs generated for decoding the current video frame in the MV buffer 1165 as reference MVs for producing predicted MVs.
[0125] The in-loop filter 1145 performs filtering or smoothing operations on the decoded pixel data 1117 to reduce the artifacts of coding, particularly at boundaries of pixel blocks. In some embodiments, the filtering or smoothing operations performed by the in-loop filter 1145 include deblock filter (DBF) , sample adaptive offset (SAO) , and / or adaptive loop filter (ALF) . In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters.
[0126] In some embodiments, luma mapping chroma scaling (LMCS) is performed before the loop filters. For some embodiments, the ALF related stages of the in-loop filter 1145 are described in Section I. An example of the in-loop filter 1145 is described by reference to FIG. 2. In some of these embodiments, the ALF stage of the in-loop filter has a source derivation process and a filter selection process for generating ALF correction based on multiple sources as described by reference to FIG. 7. The source derivation process and the filter selection process may be controlled by syntax elements signaled in the bitstream by the entropy decoder 1190.
[0127] FIG. 12 conceptually illustrates a video decoding process 1200 for generating ALF corrections based on multiple sources. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., a processor) of a computing device implementing the decoder 1100 performs the process 1200 by executing instructions stored in a computer readable medium. In some embodiments, an electronic apparatus implementing the decoder 1100 performs the process 1200.
[0128] The decoder receives (at block 1210) data to be decoded as a current block of pixels in a current picture of a video. The decoder reconstructs (at block 1220) pixel samples of the current block.
[0129] The decoder derives (at block 1230) or determines a data source according to a set of syntax elements. The decoder generates (at block 1240) a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or by applying a filter on the data samples received from the data source. The filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements. In some embodiments, a source derivation process is used to determine how to generate the data source and a filter selection process is used to select a filter for each sample in a coding region, the source derivation process and the filter selection process being controlled by the set of syntax elements. In some embodiments, the set of syntax elements are APS-level or block-level syntax that is different than the syntax elements for adaptive loop filtering (ALF) .
[0130] In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are available before deblock filtering (pre-DBF samples) , or sample adaptive offset filtering (pre-SAO samples) , or samples that are available before adaptive loop filtering (pre-ALF samples) . In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are already processed by a fixed filter. In some embodiments, the data source may be derived based on samples that are upscaled or downscaled. In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are filtered according to parameters that are signaled in an Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) . In some embodiments, the data source is derived based on samples that are processed based on their respective positions (position-dependent processed samples) or based on pre-defined patterns that are determined for respective sample positions (position-dependent pseudo source) .
[0131] In some embodiments, the video decoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which fixed filter or which set of fixed filters to use for generating the data samples. In some embodiments, the video decoder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which classifier to use for applying a fixed filter to generate the data samples. In some embodiments, the video coder derives the data source or controls the filter by determining which chroma component source to use or which upscaling or downscaling filter to use for the data source. In some embodiments, the video decoder derives the data source or controls the filter by providing cross-component prediction samples.
[0132] The decoder applies (at block 1250) the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block. The decoder provides (at block 1260) the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block. In some embodiments, the decoder generates the correction by blending a first correction value (e.g., 715) generated by an adaptive loop filter (ALF) module with a second correction value (e.g., 725) that is derived by applying a filter to the data samples received from the derived data source. The first and second correction values may be weighted differently for the blending. IV. Example Electronic System
[0133] Many of the above-described features and applications are implemented as software processes that are specified as a set of instructions recorded on a computer readable storage medium (also referred to as computer readable medium) . When these instructions are executed by one or more computational or processing unit (s) (e.g., one or more processors, cores of processors, or other processing units) , they cause the processing unit (s) to perform the actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readable media include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, random-access memory (RAM) chips, hard drives, erasable programmable read only memories (EPROMs) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) , etc. The computer readable media does not include carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or over wired connections.
[0134] In this specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmware residing in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storage which can be read into memory for processing by a processor. Also, in some embodiments, multiple software inventions can be implemented as sub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct software inventions. In some embodiments, multiple software inventions can also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combination of separate programs that together implement a software invention described here is within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the software programs, when installed to operate on one or more electronic systems, define one or more specific machine implementations that execute and perform the operations of the software programs.
[0135] FIG. 13 conceptually illustrates an electronic system 1300 with which some embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented. The electronic system 1300 may be a computer (e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, tablet computer, etc. ) , phone, PDA, or any other sort of electronic device. Such an electronic system includes various types of computer readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer readable media. Electronic system 1300 includes a bus 1305, processing unit (s) 1310, a graphics-processing unit (GPU) 1315, a system memory 1320, a network 1325, a read-only memory 1330, a permanent storage device 1335, input devices 1340, and output devices 1345.
[0136] The bus 1305 collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the electronic system 1300. For instance, the bus 1305 communicatively connects the processing unit (s) 1310 with the GPU 1315, the read-only memory 1330, the system memory 1320, and the permanent storage device 1335.
[0137] From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1310 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the present disclosure. The processing unit (s) may be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different embodiments. Some instructions are passed to and executed by the GPU 1315. The GPU 1315 can offload various computations or complement the image processing provided by the processing unit (s) 1310.
[0138] The read-only-memory (ROM) 1330 stores static data and instructions that are used by the processing unit (s) 1310 and other modules of the electronic system. The permanent storage device 1335, on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the electronic system 1300 is off. Some embodiments of the present disclosure use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 1335.
[0139] Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, flash memory device, etc., and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device 1335, the system memory 1320 is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device 1335, the system memory 1320 is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory 1320 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor uses at runtime. In some embodiments, processes in accordance with the present disclosure are stored in the system memory 1320, the permanent storage device 1335, and / or the read-only memory 1330. For example, the various memory units include instructions for processing multimedia clips in accordance with some embodiments. From these various memory units, the processing unit (s) 1310 retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of some embodiments.
[0140] The bus 1305 also connects to the input and output devices 1340 and 1345. The input devices 1340 enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the electronic system. The input devices 1340 include alphanumeric keyboards and pointing devices (also called “cursor control devices” ) , cameras (e.g., webcams) , microphones or similar devices for receiving voice commands, etc. The output devices 1345 display images generated by the electronic system or otherwise output data. The output devices 1345 include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD) , as well as speakers or similar audio output devices. Some embodiments include devices such as a touchscreen that function as both input and output devices.
[0141] Finally, as shown in FIG. 13, bus 1305 also couples electronic system 1300 to a network 1325 through a network adapter (not shown) . In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network ( “LAN” ) , a wide area network ( “WAN” ) , or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the Internet. Any or all components of electronic system 1300 may be used in conjunction with the present disclosure.
[0142] Some embodiments include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage and memory that store computer program instructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media, machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media) . Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM) , recordable compact discs (CD-R) , rewritable compact discs (CD-RW) , read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM, dual-layer DVD-ROM) , a variety of recordable / rewritable DVDs (e.g., DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc. ) , flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SD cards, micro-SD cards, etc. ) , magnetic and / or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable discs, ultra-density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable media may store a computer program that is executable by at least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as is produced by a compiler, and files including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
[0143] While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor or multi-core processors that execute software, many of the above-described features and applications are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) . In some embodiments, such integrated circuits execute instructions that are stored on the circuit itself. In addition, some embodiments execute software stored in programmable logic devices (PLDs) , ROM, or RAM devices.
[0144] As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer” , “server” , “processor” , and “memory” all refer to electronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people or groups of people. For the purposes of the specification, the terms display or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As used in this specification and any claims of this application, the terms “computer readable medium, ” “computer readable media, ” and “machine readable medium” are entirely restricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in a form that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless signals, wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.
[0145] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, a number of the figures (including FIG. 10 and FIG. 12) conceptually illustrate processes. The specific operations of these processes may not be performed in the exact order shown and described. The specific operations may not be performed in one continuous series of operations, and different specific operations may be performed in different embodiments. Furthermore, the process could be implemented using several sub-processes, or as part of a larger macro process. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the present disclosure is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims. Additional Notes
[0146] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0147] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0148] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0149] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A video coding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video;reconstructing pixel samples of the current block;deriving a data source according to a set of syntax elements;generating a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or applying a filter on the data samples received from the derived data source, wherein the filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements;applying the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block; andproviding the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block.2.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the set of syntax elements are APS-level or block-level syntax that is different than syntax elements for adaptive loop filtering (ALF) .3.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on samples that are available before deblock filtering or sample adaptive offset filtering.4.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on samples that are available before adaptive loop filtering.5.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on samples that are already processed by a fixed filter.6.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on samples that are upscaled or downscaled.7.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on samples that are filtered according to parameters that are signaled in an Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) .8.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein data source is derived based on samples that are processed based on their respective positions.9.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on pre-defined patterns that are determined for respective sample positions.10.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein deriving the data source or controlling the filter comprises determining which fixed filter or which set of fixed filters to use for generating the data samples.11.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein deriving the data source or controlling the filter comprises determining which classifier to use for applying a fixed filter to generate the data samples.12.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein the data source is derived based on an upscaled or downscaled chroma samples, wherein the deriving the data source or controlling the filter comprises determining which chroma component source to use or which upscaling or downscaling filter to use for the data source.13.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein deriving the data source or controlling the filter comprises providing cross-component prediction samples.14.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein generating the correction comprises blending a first correction value generated by an adaptive loop filter (ALF) module with a second correction value that is derived by applying a filter to the data samples received from the derived data source.15.The video coding method of claim 14, wherein the first and second correction values are weighted differently for the blending.16.The video coding method of claim 1, wherein a source derivation process is used to determine how to generate the data source and a filter selection process is used to select a filter for each sample in a coding region.17.An electronic apparatus comprising:a video coder circuit configured to perform operations comprising:receiving data to be encoded or decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video;reconstructing pixel samples of the current block;deriving a data source according to a set of syntax elements;generating a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or applying a filter on the data samples received from the derived data source, wherein the filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements;applying the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block; andproviding the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block.18.A video decoding method comprising:receiving data to be decoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video;reconstructing pixel samples of the current block;deriving a data source according to a set of syntax elements;generating a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or applying a filter on the data samples received from the derived data source, wherein the filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements;applying the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block; andproviding the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block.19.A video encoding method comprising:receiving data to be encoded as a current block of pixels of a current picture of a video;reconstructing pixel samples of the current block;deriving a data source according to a set of syntax elements;generating a correction by using the data samples received from the derived data source directly or applying a filter on the data samples received from the derived data source, wherein the filter is controlled according to the set of syntax elements;applying the correction to a reconstructed pixel sample of the current block; andproviding the corrected pixel sample as part of the current block.