Improved handling of service area information for broadcast
By mapping broadcast sessions to service areas, UEs in NTN networks can optimize MCCH acquisition, reducing unnecessary updates and conserving power, addressing inefficiencies in MBS service area management.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
In the context of Multicast/Broadcast Services (MBS) in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), UEs face challenges with unnecessary MCCH (re)acquisition due to unclear service area associations, leading to inefficient power consumption and potential missed SIB updates, especially when service areas change frequently.
A method and device that enable UEs to obtain a mapping between broadcast sessions and service areas, allowing them to determine whether to acquire broadcast configurations based on their location, thereby optimizing MCCH (re)acquisition and reducing unnecessary updates.
This approach mitigates unnecessary MCCH (re)acquisition, ensures proper relaxation of MCCH acquisition, and reduces SIB modification frequency, thereby conserving UE power and improving efficiency.
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Figure CN2026073911_30072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMPROVED HANDLING OF SERVICE AREA INFORMATION FOR BROADCAST
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0002] This application claims priority to the PCT International Application No. PCT / CN2025 / 074221, entitled “IMPROVED HANDLING OF SERVICE AREA INFORMATION FOR BROADCAST” , filed on January 23, 2025, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Technical Field
[0003] The present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a terminal device, network nodes, and methods for improved handling of service area information for broadcast.Background
[0004] As part of Release 17 (Rel-17) and Release 18 (Rel-18) , 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the support of Multicast / Broadcast Services (MBS) , which offer communication service providers (CSP) the ability to serve one-to-many use cases, such as mission-critical push-to-talk, using 3GPP mobile network infrastructures, in a better way. MBS solutions can offer improved communications efficiency, where a single downlink radio signal can be reached by multiple User Equipments (UEs) . This can also be referred to as point-to-multipoint (PTM) distribution. The 3GPP standardized functionalities allow for implementation of MBS features with little or no hardware impact on network and UEs. This means that CSPs can utilize the same spectrum band as used for unicast services and support implementations even without dedicated broadcast bands.
[0005] Rel-17 New Radio (NR) MBS specifies both:
[0006] ● a broadcast communication service, in which data is transmitted to all users in a broadcast service area, and
[0007] ● a multicast communication service, in which data is transmitted to a dedicated set of users (i.e., not all users within coverage of the multicast service are authorized to receive the data) .
[0008] The broadcast service is received without the UE using the uplink, which is always possible, as long as the UE is within coverage. To receive multicast, the UE needs to be “connected” and will therefore also need to use the uplink, as with unicast.
[0009] Further, to benefit from the strong mobile ecosystem and economy of scale, the satellite network based on the terrestrial wireless access technologies including Long Term Evolution (LTE) and NR for satellite networks, is being specified in the 3GPP standard.
[0010] In 3GPP Release 15, the first release of the 5G system (5GS) was specified. This is a new generation's radio access technology intended to serve use cases such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) and massive machine type communication (mMTC) . 5G includes the New Radio (NR) access stratum interface and the 5G Core Network (5GC) . The NR physical and higher layers are reusing parts of the LTE specification, and additional components are introduced when motivated by the new use cases.
[0011] In Release 15, 3GPP also started the work to prepare NR for operation in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) . The work was performed within the study item “NR to support Non-Terrestrial Networks” and resulted in TR 38.811, V15.4.0 [1] . In Release 16, the work to prepare NR for operation in an NTN network continues with the study item “Solutions for NR to support Non-Terrestrial Network” [2] . In parallel, the interest to adapt LTE for operation in NTN is growing. As a consequence, 3GPP introduced support for NTN in both LTE [4] and NR [6] in Release 17. After the basic functionality was established, NTN enhancements continued in Release 18 for both LTE [7] and NR [8] .Summary
[0012] For MBS broadcast in NR NTN, 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) Radio Access Network (RAN) has made the following agreements:
[0013] ● For MBS broadcast service, both Earth Fixed Cell (EFC) and Earth Moving cell (EMC) are supported.
[0014] ● When intended service area is provided for MBS broadcast service, it needs to be associated with MBS session.
[0015] ● The intended broadcast service area is defined by a geographical area represented by a (set of) referenceLocation and radius or by a (set of) polygon (s) .
[0016] ● For each MBS service we include one or more intended service area identifiers (IDs) into MBS Control Channel (MCCH) .
[0017] ● A signalled intended service area for a MBS broadcast service may include geographic areas across the current serving cell and overlapping neighbor cell (s) .
[0018] ● Introduce a new System Information Block (SIB) to include a list of intended service areas and related pointer (For Further Study (FFS) : ifwe point to the intended services areas via the index in the list or with an ID or another way) .
[0019] ● The legacy SIB modification procedure is applied to update the intended service area info in the new SIB.
[0020] ● RAN Working Group 2 (RAN2) understands that the expected UE behavior is that when the UE is not in any intended service area of its interested broadcast services, the UE may not need to (re) acquire up to date MCCH (i.e., relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition, where the legacy conditions of MCCH (re) acquisition are ignored) . FFS on solutions.
[0021] Further, there are following issues that are still open:
[0022] ● For relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition, it is proposed to do the relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition based on the intended service area info (i.e., the intended service area and the intended service area ID) in the new SIB. However, UE cannot understand from the new SIB which service area is for which broadcast MBS session (s) , it could happen that the UE is in a service area of the MBS service (s) that it is not interested in and acquires MCCH unnecessarily.
[0023] ● The UE may miss the new SIB, how should the UE behave in this case is unclear.
[0024] ● MBS service announcement itself may be delivered in a special MBS session and normally the service area of MBS service announcement is a comparable larger area (e.g., the whole city, the whole province, or even the whole network (NW) ) . Including service area of MBS service announcement in the new SIB may essentially disable relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition.
[0025] ● For EMC, the intended service areas included in the new SIB may change frequently, leading to frequent modification and reacquisition of the new SIB.
[0026] Therefore, to address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
[0027] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a terminal device is provided. The method comprises that the terminal device obtains a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas. The method further comprises that the terminal device determines, based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device, whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained. Further, some other embodiments of the first aspect will be described in the Detailed Description.
[0028] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to obtain a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas. The instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to determine, based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device, whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
[0029] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a first network node is provided. The method comprises that the first network node transmits, to a terminal device, system information to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained. Further, some other embodiments of the third aspect will be described in the Detailed Description.
[0030] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a first network node is provided. The first network node comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the first network node to transmit, to a terminal device, system information to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the first network node to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
[0031] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a second network node is provided. The method comprises that the second network node transmits, to a terminal device, a service announcement to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained. Further, some other embodiments of the fifth aspect will be described in the Detailed Description.
[0032] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a second network node is provided. The second network node comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the second network node to: transmit, to a terminal device, a service announcement to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the second network node to perform any of the methods of the fifth aspect.
[0033] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program comprising instructions is provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods of any of the first aspect, the third aspect, or the fifth aspect.
[0034] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the computer program of the seventh aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
[0035] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a telecommunication system is provided. The telecommunication system comprises one or more terminal devices of the second aspect, a first network node of the fourth aspect, and a second network node of the sixth aspect.
[0036] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, unnecessary MCCH (re) acquisition can be mitigated. Further, with some embodiments of the present disclosure, MCCH (re) acquisition relaxation can be performed properly when MBS service announcement itself is delivered in broadcast. Furthermore, with some embodiments of the present disclosure, modification and reacquisition of the SIB including the intended service area info can be performed less frequently which saves UE power consumption.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0037] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.
[0038] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for acquisition of MBS information to which improved handling of service area information for broadcast is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary NTN system in which improved handling of service area information for broadcast is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the exemplary NTN system with the bent pipe architecture shown in Fig. 2.
[0041] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scenario where a SIB indicates service areas of MBS services that will be delivered in the future according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a first network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a second network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in a terminal device or network nodes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0046] Fig. 9 shows an exemplary communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0047] Fig. 10 is another exemplary communication system according to some embodiments.
[0048] Fig. 11 shows a wireless device, which may be configured to operate in the communication system of Fig. 9 or in the communication system of Fig. 10.
[0049] Fig. 12 shows an exemplary network node in accordance with some embodiments.
[0050] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.Detailed Description
[0051] Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described with reference to embodiments shown in the attached drawings. However, it is to be understood that those descriptions are just provided for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. Further, in the following, descriptions of known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concept of the present disclosure.
[0052] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean “illustrative, ” or “serving as an example, ” and is not intended to imply that a particular embodiment is preferred over another or that a particular feature is essential. Likewise, the terms “first” , “second” , “third” , “fourth, ” and similar terms, are used simply to distinguish one particular instance of an item or feature from another, and do not indicate a particular order or arrangement, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the term “step, ” as used herein, is meant to be synonymous with “operation” or “action. ” Any description herein of a sequence of steps does not imply that these operations must be carried out in a particular order, or even that these operations are carried out in any order at all, unless the context or the details of the described operation clearly indicates otherwise.
[0053] Conditional language used herein, such as "can, " "might, " "may, " "e.g., " and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and / or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Further, the term "each, " as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term "each" is applied.
[0054] The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. In addition, language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y and Z, " unless specifically stated otherwise, is to be understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z, or a combination thereof.
[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limitation of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. It will be also understood that the terms “connect (s) , ” “connecting” , “connected” , etc. when used herein, just mean that there is an electrical or communicative connection between two elements and they can be connected either directly or indirectly, unless explicitly stated to the contrary.
[0056] Of course, the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the scope and essential characteristics of the disclosure. One or more of the specific processes discussed below may be carried out in any electronic device comprising one or more appropriately configured processing circuits, which may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and / or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and / or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof. In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
[0057] Although multiple embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the following Detailed Description, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but instead is also capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the present disclosure that as will be set forth and defined within the claims.
[0058] Further, please note that although the following description of some embodiments of the present disclosure is given in the context of 5G NR, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In fact, as long as handling of service area information for broadcast is involved, the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advance (LTE-A) , or 5G NR, 6th generation (6G) mobile system standard, etc. Therefore, one skilled in the arts could readily understand that the terms used herein may also refer to their equivalents in any other infrastructure. For example, the term “terminal device” used herein may refer to a UE, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , or any other equivalents. For another example, the term “network node” used herein may refer to a transmission reception point (TRP) , a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB, an Evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a satellite, a UAV, an aircraft, or any other equivalents.
[0059] Further, following 3GPP documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties:
[0060] [1] 3GPP TR 38.811 V15.4.0 (2020-09) , Technical Report, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on New Radio (NR) to support non-terrestrial networks (Release 15) ;
[0061] [2] 3GPP TR 38.821 V16.2.0 (2023-03) , Technical Report, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN) (Release 16) ;
[0062] [3] 3GPP TR 36.763 V17.0.0 (2021-06) , Technical Report, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on Narrow-BandInternet of Things (NB-IoT) / enhancedMachine Type Communication (eMTC) support for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) (Release 17) ;
[0063] [4] 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #96, RP-221806, “Revised WID on IoT NTN enhancements” ;
[0064] [5] 3GPP TSG RAN meeting #95-e, RP-220208, “Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN) ” ;
[0065] [6] 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #98-e, RP-223534, “Revised WID: NR NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) enhancements” ;
[0066] [7] 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, RP-234077, “New WID: Non-TerrestrialNetworks (NTN) for Internet of Things (IoT) Phase 3” ; and
[0067] [8] 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, RP-234078, “New WID: Non-TerrestrialNetworks (NTN) for NR Phase 3” .
[0068] As mentioned above, the support of MBS is introduced in 3GPP Rel-17 and Rel-18. The 5G Core network (5GC) may provide Internet Protocol (IP) multicast data to UEs over MBS sessions, which are established and released, as per service requirements. An MBS session may be either a multicast session or a broadcast session and has associated Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In the radio access network (RAN) , each MBS session is carried to UEs over one or more MBS Radio Bearers (MRBs) , which are set up to provide the needed IP multicast communication within the QoS requirements. These MRBs are the MBS counterpart to the Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) used to carry the unicast data of a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session in the RAN. For MBS broadcast, a broadcast MRB is used. The UE is configured to receive the broadcast MBS session via two broadcast signaling means: system information block (SIB) and the logical channel MBS control channel (MCCH) . The user data of the MBS session is transmitted over the logical channel MBS traffic channel (MTCH) . To support such signaling needs of MBS broadcast, SIB (i.e., SIB20) has been extended in Rel-17 to provide the configuration for MCCH and basic configurations of MTCH. MCCH provides information about the broadcast MBS sessions that are available and additional configurations to receive the MBS data on MTCH (see Fig. 1) .
[0069] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for acquisition of MBS information to which improved handling of service area information for broadcast is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, a RAN 10 may comprise a UE 100 and a gNB 105. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the RAN 10 may comprise any number of UEs and / or any number ofgNBs. Further, in some other embodiments, the RAN 10 may be a RAN utilizing another RAT different from 5G NR, for example, 4G LTE or the like. In such a case, the gNB 105 shown in Fig. 1 may be replaced with an Evolved Node B (eNB) or another access node (e.g., an access point) .
[0070] Referring back to Fig. 1, it shows a sequential procedure for acquiring and using SIB, MCCH, and MTCH. At step S110, the gNB 105 may broadcast or otherwise provide a SIB (e.g., SIB20) indicating a configuration for MCCH monitoring (e.g., the time and / or frequency resources for MCCH monitoring) . At step S 120, the UE 100 may use the configuration for MCCH monitoring, which is derived from the received SIB, to monitor MCCH. At step S130, the gNB 105 may broadcast or otherwise provide an MCCH indicating a configuration for MTCH reception (e.g., an MBSBroadcastConfiguration message indicating a list of MBS sessions, the time and / or frequency resources for MTCH monitoring) . At step S140, the UE 100 may use the configuration for MTCH reception, which is derived from the received MCCH, to monitor MTCH. At step S 150, the UE 100 may receive the MBS broadcast service data that is broadcasted by the gNB 105 over the MTCH.
[0071] The UE may apply the MCCH information acquisition procedure to acquire the MBS broadcast configuration information broadcasted by the network. The procedure applies to MBS capable UEs interested to receive or that are receiving MBS broadcast services that are in RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE or RRC_CONNECTED with an active Bandwidth Part (BWP) with common search space configured by searchSpaceMCCH.
[0072] A UE may apply the MCCH information acquisition procedure upon becoming interested to receive MBS broadcast services. A UE interested to receive MBS broadcast services may apply the MCCH information acquisition procedure upon entering the cell providing SIB20 (e.g. upon power on, or after UE mobility) , upon receiving SIB20 of an SCell via dedicated signalling and / or upon receiving a notification that the MCCH information has changed due to the start of new MBS service (s) . A UE that is receiving data via broadcast MRB may apply the MCCH information acquisition procedure upon receiving a notification that the MCCH information has changed due to MCCH information modification other than the change caused by the start of new MBS service (s) .
[0073] In some embodiments, it is up to UE implementation how to address a possibility of the UE missing an MCCH change notification.
[0074] In some embodiments, it is up to UE implementation to use the cell / tracking area list in the User Service Description (USD) , which UE could acquire from MBS service announcement, to avoid acquiring the MCCH when the UE is outside the MBS service area of the MBS broadcast service.
[0075] An MBS service announcement or service announcement may provide the UE with descriptions specifying the multicast or broadcast services to be delivered as part of MBS session. Service announcement information may be delivered to the UE using one of the following methods:
[0076] -pre-configured at UE side;
[0077] -via an MBS Session; or
[0078] -via a regular PDU Session.
[0079] In some embodiments, a service announcement may include the MBS Session ID (s) , which is represented by Temporary Mobile Group Identity (TMGI) or a Source Specific IP Multicast Address, for the service. When the MBS Session ID is Source Specific IP Multicast Address, the Service Announcement may include the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) ID of the PLMN and Network Identifier (NID) for a Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) in which the service is delivered. In some embodiments, a service announcement may include an MBS Service Type, which indicates whether the MBS Session for the service is multicast or broadcast.
[0080] In some embodiments, for a local MBS service, the service announcement may include the MBS service area. The MBS service area used by Application Function (AF) can be Cell ID list, Tracking Area Identity (TAT) list, geographical area information or civic address information. Amongst them, Cell ID list and TAI list shall only be used by AFs who reside in trust domain, and when the AFs are aware of such information.
[0081] In some embodiments, a service announcement may contain a start time and / or a sequence of scheduled activation times (e.g. a first time and a periodicity) of the MBS session when the AF may activate the MBS session (for multicast only) and transmit MBS data. When the AF decides that the start time and / or scheduled activation times for the MBS session need to be updated and the UE is unreachable (e.g. due to power saving function) , the AF can send service announcement containing the updated time information to the UE at the old start time (if earlier than the new start time) or next scheduled activation time previously provided to the UE for the MBS session via multicast or broadcast.
[0082] If an MBS Session is for broadcast, the service announcement may include the MBS Frequency Selection Area (FSA) ID (s) and optional frequency information associated with the broadcast MBS session and may also include an indication that the MBS Session is intended for Reduced Capability (RedCap) UEs, for non-RedCap UEs or both for RedCap UEs and non-RedCap UEs.
[0083] As also mentioned above, the support of NTN is also introduced in 3GPP Rel-15 through Rel-18. Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary NTN system 20 in which improved handling of service area information for broadcast is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, a satellite radio access network or NTN system 20 may usually include the following components:
[0084] ● A satellite 210 that refers to a space-borne platform.
[0085] ● An earth-based gateway 215 that connects the satellite 210 to a base station (BS) 205 or a core network (not shown in Fig. 2) , depending on the choice of architecture.
[0086] ● Feeder link 225 that refers to the link between the gateway 215 and the satellite 210.
[0087] ● Access link 220 that refers to the link between the satellite 210 and a UE or device 200.
[0088] A satellite network or satellite based mobile network may also be called as non-terrestrial network (NTN) . On the other hand, mobile network with base stations on the ground may also be called as terrestrial network (TN) or non-NTN network. In some embodiments, a satellite within NTN may be called as NTN node, NTN satellite or simply a satellite.
[0089] Depending on the orbit altitude, a satellite may be categorized as low earth orbit (LEO) , medium earth orbit (MEO) , or geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite.
[0090] ● LEO: typical heights ranging from 250 -1, 500 km, with orbital periods ranging from 90 -120 minutes.
[0091] ● MEO: typical heights ranging from 5,000 -25,000 km, with orbital periods ranging from 3 -15 hours.
[0092] ● GEO: height at about 35, 786 km, with an orbital period of 24 hours.
[0093] The significant orbit height means that satellite systems are characterized by a path loss that is significantly higher than what is expected in terrestrial networks. To overcome the pathloss it is often required that the access and feeder links 220 and 225 are operated in line-of-sight conditions, and that the UE 200 is equipped with an antenna offering high beam directivity.
[0094] Two basic architectures can be distinguished for satellite communication networks, depending on the functionality of the satellites in the system:
[0095] ● Transparent payload (also referred to as the bent pipe architecture) . The satellite may forward the received signal between the terminal and the network equipment on the ground with only amplification and a shift from uplink frequency to downlink frequency. When applied to general 3GPP architecture and terminology, the transparent payload architecture means that the gNB is located on the ground and the satellite forwards signals / data between the gNB and the UE.
[0096] ● Regenerative payload. The satellite may include on-board processing to demodulate and decode the received signal and regenerate the signal before sending it back to the earth. When applied to general 3GPP architecture and terminology, the regenerative payload architecture means that the gNB is located in the satellite.
[0097] In the work items for NR NTN and Iot NTN in 3GPP Release 17 and Release 18 ( [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ) , only the transparent payload architecture is considered. The network 20 shown in Fig. 2 is an example of a satellite network with the bent pipe architecture (i.e., the transparent payload architecture) . As shown in Fig. 2, the gNB or BS 205 may be integrated in the gateway 215 or connected to the gateway 215 via a terrestrial connection (e.g., wire, optic fiber, wireless link) .
[0098] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the exemplary NTN system 20 with the bent pipe architecture shown in Fig. 2. As shown in Fig. 3, the communication satellite 210 may typically generate several beams 230-1 through 230-4 (collectively, the beams 230) over a given area. The footprint of a beam is usually in an elliptic shape, which has been traditionally considered as a cell. The footprint of a beam is also often referred to as a spotbeam. The spotbeam may move over the earth surface with the satellite movement or may be earth fixed with some beam pointing mechanism used by the satellite 210 to compensate for its motion. The size of a spotbeam depends on the system design, which may range from tens of kilometers to a few thousands of kilometers.
[0099] When compared with the beams observed in a terrestrial network, the NTN beams may be very wide and cover an area outside of the area defined by the served cell. Beam covering adjacent cells will overlap and cause significant levels of inter-cell interference. To overcome the large levels of interference, a typical approach for an NTN is to configure different cells with different carrier frequencies and polarization modes.
[0100] The standardization of NTN technologies continues in 3GPP with other two work items [7] , [8] for NR and LTE, respectively. The justification for these enhancements is the necessities of the commercial deployments that are ongoing at the moment of writing. Based on real deployment or deployment plans, further evolution of NR and IoT NTN is required.
[0101] One of the objectives of the work on release 19 of the 3GPP standard is to specify SIB signaling to indicate the intended service area of a broadcast service (e.g., MBS broadcast) via NR NTN, especially in case the satellite footprint covers a large area. So far, RAN2 has agreed to consider at least the case where the indicated intended service area covers a portion of a NTN cell and that the intended service area can cover the area of more than one NTN cells (or portions thereof) .
[0102] As mentioned above, there are following issues that are still open:
[0103] ● For relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition, it is proposed to do the relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition based on the intended service area info (i.e., the intended service area and the intended service area ID) in the new SIB. However, UE cannot understand from the new SIB which service area is for which broadcast MBS session (s) , it could happen that the UE is in a service area of the MBS service (s) that it is not interested in and acquires MCCH unnecessarily.
[0104] ● The UE may miss the new SIB, how should the UE behave in this case is unclear.
[0105] ● MBS service announcement itself may be delivered in a special MBS session and normally the service area of MBS service announcement is a comparable larger area (e.g., the whole city, the whole province, or even the whole network (NW) ) . Including service area of MBS service announcement in the new SIB may essentially disable relaxation of MCCH (re) acquisition.
[0106] ● For EMC, the intended service areas included in the new SIB may change frequently, leading to frequent modification and reacquisition of the new SIB.
[0107] Therefore, to address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
[0108] In some embodiments, methods enabling the UE to understand via higher layer signaling (e.g., MBS Service Announcement) which Intended Service Area corresponds to which broadcast MBS session (s) may be proposed. In this way, a UE may relax monitoring or skip (re) acquisition of MCCH in a cell providing an MBS service when it is not located within the Intended Service Area (s) of the specific MBS service (s) that the UE is interested in obtaining.
[0109] In some embodiments, from the network perspective, different options on how the Intended Service Area ID is allocated in the CN are proposed. In addition, provided that a regular MBS session is one of the available means to provide the MBS Service Announcement, methods are described in some embodiments to allow the acquisition even ifthis MBS session is not associated with an Intended Service Area ID, i.e., a corresponding area is not included in system information broadcast.
[0110] In some embodiments, the SIB may include intended service area (s) for MBS broadcast services that will be delivered in the future to reduce SIB modification frequency.
[0111] In some embodiments, one or more of following aspects are proposed:
[0112] ● The UE derives the mapping between MBS session (e.g., represented by TMGI) and intended service area based on at least the intended service area ID obtained from the MBS service announcement.
[0113] ● Different ways to allocate the intended service area ID:
[0114] ○ Allocated by CN (either dynamically or statically) and informed to RAN node.
[0115] ○ Allocated by AF and informed to CN which further informs RAN node.
[0116] ● The service area ID may be a hash of the intended service area and / or include an identifier related to the core function that generates the ID.
[0117] ● The UE behavior when not having valid intended service area info locally:
[0118] ○ Apply the legacy MCCH (re) acquisition procedure, or
[0119] ○ Try to obtain the intended service area info first before starting MCCH (re) acquisition.
[0120] ● The UE behavior when there is mismatch between the Intended Service Area ID (s) obtained from Service Announcement and from system information:
[0121] ○ Excluding the Intended Service Areas whose Intended Service Area ID is not in the previously received Service Announcement when determining whether to (re) acquire MCCH.
[0122] ○ The higher layer of the UE triggers (re) acquisition of Service Announcement.
[0123] ● When MBS service announcement is delivered in broadcast, its service area is not included in SIB.
[0124] ● The legacy MCCH (re) acquisition procedure is applied to obtain the MBS configurations needed to receive MBS service announcement.
[0125] ● Only the intended service area info of MBS broadcast services other than MBS service announcement is considered in determining whether or not to relax MCCH (re) acquisition.
[0126] ● The UE behavior when Intended Service Area ID is absent in Service Announcement:
[0127] ○ Acquires MCCH configuration at least once when powered on or entering a new cell.
[0128] ○ Relaxes MCCH (re) acquisition when its current location is not within any of the Intended Service Area (s) provided in system information optionally only when the area info obtained from MCCH becomes invalid.
[0129] ● SIB may include intended service area info of MBS broadcast service (s) that will be delivered in future.
[0130] ● SIB may add / remove intended service area info of MBS broadcast service (s) that are start / stopped to be delivered due to satellite movement without triggering SIB modification procedure.
[0131] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, unnecessary MCCH (re) acquisition can be further mitigated. Further, with some embodiments of the present disclosure, MCCH (re) acquisition relaxation can be performed properly when MBS service announcement itself is delivered in broadcast. Furthermore, with some embodiments of the present disclosure, modification and reacquisition of the SIB including the intended service area info can be performed less frequently which saves UE power consumption.
[0132] In some embodiments, the term “Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) ” may, depending on the context, refer to either or both ofNR NTN and IoT NTN, and sometimes the term may be used to refer to only IoT NTN.
[0133] Some embodiments outlined below may be described mainly in terms of NR based NTNs, but they are equally applicable in an NTN based on LTE technology.
[0134] In some embodiments, the term “network” may be used in the solution description to refer to a network node, which typically will be a gNB (e.g. in a NR based NTN) or an eNB (e.g. in an LTE based NTN, such as an IoT NTN) , but which may also be a base station or an access point in another type of network based on communication via satellites or High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) , or any other network node (in a network involving satellites or HAPS) with the ability to directly or indirectly communicate with a UE.
[0135] In some embodiments, the term “UE” may be used to implicitly refer to a UE interested in MBS Broadcast service.
[0136] In some embodiments, the term “MBS configuration” may be used freely in the solution description to refer to the MBS content (sessions) provided in the serving cell. Nonetheless, the term can also include other relevant configuration parameters such as the scheduling, modification period, SSB mapping window, MTCH configuration, etc.
[0137] In some embodiments, the term “MCCH” or “MCCH configuration” or “MCCH information” may be used freely in the solution description to refer to the MBS related configuration content provided via MCCH in the serving cell.
[0138] In some embodiments, the expressions “preventing / keeping / inhibiting / prohibiting something from happening” and “not doing / performing something” may be used interchangeably hereinafter. For example, when “relaxing MCCH monitoring” is discussed, the expression “preventing an MCCH configuration from being obtained” or “preventing MCCH monitoring from happening” may have a substantially same meaning as that of “not obtaining an MCCH configuration” or “not doing / performing MCCH monitoring” , and can be used interchangeably.
[0139] In some embodiments, the expression “a first entity transmitting some information to a second entity” may be interpreted in such a way that the transmission may be performed in a broadcast manner, a multicast manner, a groupcast manner, a unicast manner, or any combination thereof. In other words, the second entity itself may proactively request the information from the first entity before the transmission of the information. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible that the second entity may monitor a broadcast channel transmitted by the first entity and obtain the information via the broadcast channel while the first entity may or may not be aware of such obtaining or even the presence of the second entity.
[0140] Intended service area ID in MBS service announcement
[0141] Some embodiments are related to how to use Intended service area ID to relax MCCH (re) acquisition and / or how to provide Intended service area ID from the NW.
[0142] In some embodiments, the UE may derive the mapping between MBS session (e.g., represented by TMGI) and intended service area based on the followings:
[0143] ● The mapping between intended service area and intended service area ID obtained from the new SIB (e.g., SIB20) .
[0144] ● The mapping between TMGI and intended service area ID obtained from the MBS service announcement.
[0145] Based on the derived mapping between TMGI and intended service area, the UE may understand which intended service area is for which broadcast MBS session (s) , and know whether it is in a service area of the MBS service (s) that it is interested in and may relax MCCH (re) acquisition (i.e., not (re) acquire MCCH) ifthat is not the case.
[0146] In some embodiments, to have this work properly, the intended service area ID included in the new SIB and the MBS service announcement must have the same definition. There are different ways to achieve this:
[0147] ● Option 1: the intended service area ID may be dynamically allocated by a CN function (e.g., MB-SMF or Network Exposure Function (NEF) ) . When AF creates a broadcast MBS session with the geographical area information, a CN function may check whether there is an existing intended service area matching the geographical area informed by AF. Ifthat is the case, the intended service area ID associated to the existing geographical area information can be reused. Otherwise, CN may allocate a different one.
[0148] The CN may then forward the intended service area ID and the corresponding intended service area to a RAN node (e.g., gNB) . The RAN node may broadcast in the Uu interface the intended service area definition along with the allocated intended service area ID in system information (e.g., SIB) .
[0149] In some embodiments, it could happen that there are multiple MB-SMFs deployed, in which case it needs to be avoided that different MB-SMFs assign the same intended service area ID for different geographical area information. In some embodiments, it would also be preferred ifthe same intended service area applies to different broadcast MBS sessions towards different MB-SMFs, the same intended service area ID can be allocated, to avoid the signaling waste in the new SIB. An example solution can be that the intended service area ID is derived from the content of the intended service area (e.g., a hash value of the intended service area) . Using NEF to allocate the intended service area ID can be another option to resolve multiple MB-SMF issue. But ifthere are multiple NEF instances deployed to handle different broadcast MBS sessions with the same intended service area, the hash based solution can be applied as well.
[0150] ● Option 2: the intended service area ID may be allocated by AF. When AF creates a broadcast MBS session with the geographical area information, AF may check whether there is an existing intended service area of an existing broadcast MBS session matching the geographical area information. Ifthat is the case, the intended service area ID associated to the existing intended service area information can be reused. Otherwise, AF allocates another one.
[0151] AF may then forward the intended service area ID and the corresponding intended service area to CN, which may further forward it to RAN node (e.g., gNB) , the RAN node may then include them in the new SIB.
[0152] ● Option 3: the intended service area ID may be pre-configured in the CN. In this case, Mobile Network Operator (MNO) may pre-configure some intended service areas and the corresponding intended service area IDs in CN (e.g., in NEF or MB-SMF) and expose the intended service areas to the AF. When creating a broadcast MBS session, AF may determine in which pre-configured intended service area the MBS session should be delivered and inform the corresponding intended service area and / or intended service area ID to CN. The CN may then forward the intended service area ID and the corresponding intended service area to RAN node (e.g., gNB) , which may include them in the new SIB.
[0153] In some embodiments, the intended service areas may be pre-configured in both CN and RAN nodes, in this case the CN may only need to forward the intended service area ID to RAN node, based on which the RAN node may derive the corresponding intended service area and include them in the new SIB.
[0154] In some embodiments, a combination of Option 1 and Option 3 could be applied. It may happen that the pre-configured areas are unsuitable for a specific service and the AF may prefer to request the creation of a new intended service area. Thus, a new method may be introduced for the AF to request the creation and ID allocation of new intended service areas from the CN for a MBS session only ifthere are no suitable pre-configured areas.
[0155] Intended Service Area ID allocation
[0156] In some embodiments, regardless the entity which creates the Intended Service Area ID (e.g., AF, NEF, or MB-SMF) , one of the following methods can be used to allocate a global unique identifier valid within the serving PLMN:
[0157] -Derived from the geographical coordinates. In some embodiments, the center of the area or a reference point within the area may be chosen to be representative, although the whole area can be used for this method. For instance, a representation could be a hashed encoding, based on a predefined rule, of such reference point or the whole area definition. In another alternative, the N Most Significant Bits (MSBs) or Least Significant Bits (LSBs) of the encoded location may be chosen. N is a parameter preconfigured during network deployment.
[0158] -Random number: standalone, following sequential numbering, or associated with one of following:
[0159] ○ An identifier related to the core function that generates the value (e.g., MB-SMF) . This helps solving the problem mentioned above of the same identifier being generated by two different CN functions for different intended service areas.
[0160] ○ Existing designation of the geographical area within the network. For example, Cell ID (mapping cell ID or physical Cell ID) or tracking area ID associated with that specific geographical area.
[0161] ○ The service associated to the geographical area (identified with its TMGI) .
[0162] UE behavior when missing the new SIB, i.e., the Intended Service Area definition
[0163] In some embodiments, a UE may not have valid intended service area information stored locally. For example, this may happen when not receiving the new SIB (correctly) (e.g., the UE has just powered on) . In such cases, the UE may perform any of the following:
[0164] ● (Re) acquire MCCH when the legacy conditions for applying the MCCH information acquisition procedure are fulfilled while still not obtaining the intended service area info (from the new SIB) .
[0165] ● Try to obtain the intended service area info (from the new SIB) and do not evaluate the legacy conditions for applying the MCCH information acquisition procedure (i.e., not (re) acquire MCCH) until the intended service area info is obtained (and it determines it is within at least one the intended service area of its interested broadcast MBS sessions) or it has tried the obtaining for more than a (pre) configured times / time period since power on or the locally stored intended service area info becomes outdated.
[0166] In some embodiments, which alternative the UE should apply may be configured by the NW or preconfigured in the specification. In some embodiments, different alternatives may be (pre) configured for different cases, e.g., the first alternative is applied when the UE is just power on while the second alternative is applied when the locally stored intended service area info becomes outdated, and vice versa.
[0167] UE behavior upon invalid information
[0168] In some embodiments, there may be a mismatch between the Intended Service Area ID (s) previously acquired from the Service Announcement and the Intended Service Area ID (s) acquired from the new SIB (e.g., this may happen when the UE missed Service Announcement) . In these cases, the UE may perform one or more of the followings:
[0169] ● The UE may perform MCCH (re) acquisition relaxation as in the embodiments described above except that for the Intended Service Areas whose Intended Service Area ID is not in the previously received Service Announcement the UE may either not relax MCCH (re) acquisition or relax MCCH (re) acquisition when the UE is located in any of those Intended Service Areas. In some embodiments, which options to adopt may be (pre) configured.
[0170] ● The higher layer of the UE may trigger (re) acquisition of Service Announcement. In some embodiments, the UE may only perform this if it is located in at least one of Intended Service Areas whose Intended Service Area ID is not in the previously received Service Announcement.
[0171] Handling of service area of MBS service announcement
[0172] From CN perspective, there are different ways to deliver the Service Announcement to the UE. In some embodiments, when MBS Service Announcement itself is delivered in a (special) MBS session, its service area is not included in system information (e.g., SIB) , i.e., this specific MBS session is not associated with any Intended Service Area. In this scenario, a UE interested to receive MBS broadcast services may apply the legacy MCCH information acquisition procedure to obtain the MBS configuration needed to receive MBS service announcement without considering the Intended Service Area information in the new SIB. In some embodiments, this should be applied each time the UE needs to receive MBS Service Announcement (according to e.g., higher layer schedule) . In other words, the intended service area information may be only considered for MBS broadcast services other than MBS service announcement (i.e., when the UE does not need to receive MBS service announcement) when determining whether or not to relax MCCH acquisition.
[0173] UE behavior upon the absence of the Intended Service Area ID in the Service Announcement
[0174] In some embodiments, the inclusion of the Intended Service Area ID in the Service Announcement is optional. Therefore, there may be cases in which the CN may not provide this parameter to the UE. In such case, the UE may acquire MCCH configuration, e.g., at least once when powered on or entering a new cell. Provided the absence of Intended Service Area ID in the Service Announcement, the UE may relax MCCH monitoring when its current location is not within any of the Intended Service Area (s) provided in system information (e.g., the new SIB) .
[0175] In some embodiments, the relaxation mechanism may follow a predefined rule, e.g., the MBS session and / or the Intended Service Area ID info obtained from MCCH may be considered valid for at most N frames / seconds / MCCH modification periods where N is (pre) configured. When the info becomes invalid, the UE may relax MCCH monitoring when its current location is not within any of the Intended Service Area (s) provided in system information (e.g., the new SIB) , otherwise the UE may relax MCCH monitoring when its current location is not within any of the Intended Service Area (s) of its interested broadcast services (determined based on the info from MCCH) .
[0176] Further considerations of Earth Moving cells
[0177] In some embodiments, to avoid frequent modification and reacquisition of the new SIB with Earth Moving Cells (EMCs) , the new SIB may include intended service area (s) for MBS broadcast services that will be delivered in the cell sending the new SIB in the future (currently the new SIB can only include MBS service area at least overlapped with the cell sending the new SIB) . By this, the new SIB can be updated and reacquired less frequently.
[0178] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scenario where a SIB indicates service areas of MBS services that will be delivered in the future according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 gives an example, where the new SIB includes also MBS service areas #4, #5, #6 which are currently not overlapped with the satellite service area and the new SIB is updated when the satellite service area is (going to be) overlapped with a MBS service area currently not included in the new SIB (i.e., MBS service area #7) . Note that when the new SIB is updated it will not only include MBS service area #7 but also other MBS service area (s) that are not overlapped with the satellite service area (not shown in Fig. 4) .
[0179] Besides, with the satellite movement, some MBS service area (s) may become out of the satellite service area. In this case the new SIB could still include those MBS service area (s) before being updated, but this will not result in anything wrong as the UE in those MBS service area (s) will anyway be served by another satellite. Alternatively, the new SIB may exclude those MBS service area (s) without triggering SIB modification procedure (e.g., does not notify that the SIB is modified) . Similarly, this will not result in anything wrong.
[0180] In some embodiments, an indication (e.g., a bit flag) may be provided in system information (e.g., SIB) or in the Service Announcement to denote which intended service areas are within the present coverage of the satellite. In some embodiments, the indication can be a time duration or an absolute time.
[0181] In some embodiments, the new SIB may still only include MBS service area (s) at least overlapped with the cell sending the new SIB, while adding / removing MBS service area (s) in / from the new SIB purely due to the movement of the satellite does not trigger SIB modification procedure (i.e., SIB modification procedure will be triggered ifMBS service area (s) are added / removed due to the corresponding MBS session are started / stopped) . This could work because the satellite moves much faster than the UE, and therefore it is unlikely that the UE moves to another intended service area during the time it is served by the satellite.
[0182] In some embodiments, the UE may receive an indication (implicit or explicit) that the serving cells is an Earth Moving cell, acquire the SIB which contains the list of Intended Service Areas, and relax the acquisition of this specific SIB (or SI message) , i.e., not (re) acquire this SIB sent by the same cell, until it has moved a certain distance. In some embodiments, the distance can be captured in the specification or configurable by the network. It can be absolute or relative to a fixed geographical location (e.g., reference location) . In some embodiments, the relaxation criterion may be based on a time duration which is specified or configured by the network.
[0183] Fig. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 500 at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 500 may be performed at a terminal device (e.g., the UE 100 or the device 200) . The method 500 may comprise steps S510 and S520. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 500 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 500 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 500 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 500 may be combined into a single step.
[0184] The method 500 may begin at step S510 where the terminal device may obtain a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas.
[0185] At step S520, the terminal device may determine, based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device, whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained.
[0186] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: obtaining the broadcast configuration in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is to be obtained; preventing the broadcast configuration from being obtained in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is not to be obtained; or not obtaining the broadcast configuration in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is not to be obtained. In some embodiments, before the determining whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained, the method 500 may further comprise: determining whether or not the terminal device is interested to receive at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: determining whether or not the terminal device is located in a service area associated with the at least one broadcast session in response to determining that the terminal device is interested to receive the at least one broadcast session. In some embodiments, the determining whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained may comprise at least one of: determining that a broadcast configuration associated with any of the one or more broadcast sessions is not to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device is not interested to receive any of the one or more broadcast sessions; determining that a broadcast configuration associated with the at least one broadcast session is to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device is located in a service area associated with the at least one broadcast session; or determining that a broadcast configuration associated with the at least one broadcast session is not to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device is not located in any service area associated with the at least one broadcast session.
[0187] In some embodiments, the obtaining the first mapping may comprise: obtaining a second mapping between the one or more service areas and one or more service area identifiers (IDs) ; obtaining a third mapping between the one or more service area IDs and the one or more broadcast sessions; and obtaining the first mapping based on at least the second mapping and the third mapping. In some embodiments, the second mapping may be obtained from a System Information Block (SIB) . In some embodiments, the third mapping may be obtained from a service announcement. In some embodiments, a service area ID may be allocated by a Core Network (CN) function or an Application Function (AF) . In some embodiments, a service area ID may be generated based on at least one of: a hash associated with a service area; an identifier associated with a network function that generates the service area ID; one or more geographical coordinates associated with a service area; or a random number.
[0188] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: determining whether or not there is valid service area information stored locally. In some embodiments, in response to determining that there is no valid service area information stored locally, the method 500 may further comprise one of: obtaining the broadcast configuration in response to one or more existing conditions for obtaining the broadcast configuration being fulfilled and also in response to no valid service area information being obtained; and attempting to obtain valid service area information until the valid service area information is obtained or until a configured number of attempts and / or a configured time period for attempting is reached, without evaluating the one or more existing conditions for obtaining the broadcast configuration. In some embodiments, the valid service area information may comprise a second mapping between the one or more service areas and one or more service area IDs.
[0189] In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: determining whether or not there is a mismatch between one or more service area IDs obtained from a first service announcement and one or more service area IDs obtained from a SIB. In some embodiments, in response to determining that there is a mismatch between the one or more service area IDs obtained from the first service announcement and the one or more service area IDs obtained from the SIB, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: determining whether or not the broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained without considering one or more service area IDs that are indicated by one of the first service announcement and the SIB but not indicated by the other of the first service announcement and the SIB; or obtaining a second service announcement. In some embodiments, the obtaining the second service announcement may be performed only in response to determining that the terminal device is located in at least one of service areas whose service area IDs are not obtained from the first service announcement.
[0190] In some embodiments, a SIB may indicate no service area associated with the broadcast session. For example, when a service announcement is to be delivered to the terminal device in a broadcast session, a SIB may indicate no service area associated with the broadcast session. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: obtaining a broadcast configuration needed for obtaining the service announcement, without considering any service area information indicated by the SIB. For example, when a service announcement is to be delivered to the terminal device in a broadcast session, the method 500 may further comprise: obtaining a broadcast configuration needed for obtaining the service announcement, without considering any service area information indicated by the SIB. In some embodiments, when no service area ID is indicated by a service announcement, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: obtaining a broadcast configuration at least once in response to the terminal device powering up or entering a new cell; preventing a broadcast configuration from being obtained when the terminal device is not located in any of service areas indicated by the SIB; or obtaining a broadcast configuration when the terminal device is located in any of service areas indicated by the SIB.
[0191] In some embodiments, broadcast session information and / or service area ID information indicated by a broadcast configuration may be valid for at most a period of time. In some embodiments, when the broadcast session information and / or the service area ID information become invalid, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: preventing a broadcast configuration from being obtained when the terminal device is not located in any of service areas indicated by the SIB; or obtaining a broadcast configuration when the terminal device is located in any of service areas indicated by the SIB. In some embodiments, when the broadcast session information and / or the service area ID information are valid, the method 500 may further comprise at least one of: preventing a broadcast configuration from being obtained when the terminal device is not located in a service area associated with any broadcast session that the terminal device is interested to receive; or obtaining a broadcast configuration when the terminal device is located in a service area associated with a broadcast session that the terminal device is interested to receive.
[0192] In some embodiments, one or more service areas indicated by the SIB may comprise at least one of: one or more service areas that are at least partially overlapped with the cell that transmits the SIB; or one or more service areas associated with one or more broadcast sessions that will be delivered in the cell, which transmits the SIB, in the future. In some embodiments, at least one of the SIB or a service announcement may indicate whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device. In some embodiments, at least one of the SIB or a service announcement may further indicate a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device. In some embodiments, the method 500 may further comprise: receiving a message indicating that the current serving cell is a moving cell; obtaining the SIB that indicates one or more service areas; and not obtaining the SIB transmitted from the current serving cell until the terminal device moves a specific distance and / or a specific period of time is elapsed since the last time the terminal device obtained the SIB.
[0193] In some embodiments, the one or more broadcast sessions may be one or more Multicast / Broadcast Service (MBS) broadcast sessions. In some embodiments, a broadcast configuration may be a broadcast configuration provided via MBS Control Channel (MCCH) . In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) .
[0194] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 600 at a first network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 600 may be performed at a network node (e.g., the gNB 105, the satellite 210, the gateway 215, or the BS 205) . The method 600 may comprise a step S610. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 600 may comprise more steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 600 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 600 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 600 may be combined into a single step.
[0195] The method 600 may begin at step S610 where the first network node may transmit, to a terminal device, system information to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.
[0196] In some embodiments, the system information may be a System Information Block (SIB) indicating a second mapping between one or more service areas and one or more service area identifiers (IDs) . In some embodiments, a service area ID may be allocated by a Core Network (CN) function or an Application Function (AF) . In some embodiments, the system information may be generated by the first network node based on at least one of: service area related information received from a CN function; or service area related information received from an AF. In some embodiments, a service area ID may be generated based on at least one of: a hash associated with a service area; an identifier associated with a network function that generates the service area ID; one or more geographical coordinates associated with a service area; or a random number.
[0197] In some embodiments, the system information may indicate no service area associated with the broadcast session. For example, when a service announcement is to be delivered to the terminal device in a broadcast session, the system information may indicate no service area associated with the broadcast session. In some embodiments, broadcast session information and / or service area ID information indicated by a broadcast configuration may be valid for at most a period of time. In some embodiments, one or more service areas indicated by the SIB may comprise at least one of: one or more service areas that are at least partially overlapped with the cell that transmits the SIB; or one or more service areas associated with one or more broadcast sessions that will be delivered in the cell, which transmits the SIB, in the future. In some embodiments, the system information may indicate whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device.
[0198] In some embodiments, the system information may further indicate a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: transmitting a message indicating that the current serving cell is a moving cell. In some embodiments, the one or more broadcast sessions may be one or more Multicast / Broadcast Service (MBS) broadcast sessions. In some embodiments, a broadcast configuration may be a broadcast configuration provided via MBS Control Channel (MCCH) . In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) . In some embodiments, the first network node may be an NTN node.
[0199] Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 700 at a second network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be performed at a network node (e.g., a CN function or an AF) . The method 700 may comprise a step S710. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 700 may comprise more steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 700 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 700 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 700 may be combined into a single step.
[0200] The method 700 may begin at step S710 where the second network node may transmit, to a terminal device, a service announcement to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.
[0201] In some embodiments, the service announcement may indicate a third mapping between one or more service area identifiers (IDs) and the one or more broadcast sessions. In some embodiments, a service area ID may be allocated by a Core Network (CN) function or an Application Function (AF) . In some embodiments, when the second network node serves as a CN function for allocation of service area IDs, the method 700 may further comprise: receiving, from an AF, a request for creating a broadcast session with geographical area information; determining whether there is an existing service area matching the geographical area information. In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise at least one of: triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the existing service area in response to determining that there is the existing service area matching the geographical area information; or triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID different from any service area ID associated with any existing service area in response to determining that there is no existing service area matching the geographical area information.
[0202] In some embodiments, when the second network node serves as an AF function for allocation of service area IDs, the method 700 may further comprise: determining whether there is an existing service area matching geographical area information associated with a broadcast session to be created. In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise at least one of: triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the existing service area in response to determining that there is the existing service area matching the geographical area information; or triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID different from any service area ID associated with any existing service area in response to determining that there is no existing service area matching the geographical area information.
[0203] In some embodiments, when the second network node serves as an AF function and there is a CN function for allocation of service area IDs, the method 700 may further comprise: determining whether there is a pre-configured service area matching geographical area information associated with a broadcast session to be created. In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise at least one of: triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the pre-configured service area in response to determining that there is the pre-configured service area matching the geographical area information; or transmitting, to the CN function, a request for allocating a second service area ID for the broadcast session, receiving, from the CN function, the second service area ID, and creating the broadcast session with the second service area ID.
[0204] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: transmitting, to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, information indicating the service area ID and / or the corresponding service area. In some embodiments, a service area ID may be generated based on at least one of: a hash associated with a service area; an identifier associated with a network function that generates the service area ID; one or more geographical coordinates associated with a service area; or a random number. In some embodiments, when multiple network nodes comprising the second network node are responsible for allocation of service area IDs, a service area ID associated with a service area may be generated as a hash of the service area. In some embodiments, when a service announcement is to be delivered to the terminal device in a broadcast session, system information may indicate no service area associated with the broadcast session.
[0205] In some embodiments, the service announcement may indicate whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device. In some embodiments, the service announcement may further indicate a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device. In some embodiments, the one or more broadcast sessions may be one or more Multicast / Broadcast Service (MBS) broadcast sessions. In some embodiments, a broadcast configuration may be a broadcast configuration provided via MBS Control Channel (MCCH) . In some embodiments, the terminal device may be a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) . In some embodiments, the second network node may serve as a CN function or an AF.
[0206] Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 800 which may be used in a terminal device (e.g., the UE 100 or the device 200) or network nodes (e.g., the gNB 105, the BS 205, the satellite 210, the gateway 215, a CN function or an AF) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Comprised in the arrangement 800 are a processing unit 806, e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) . The processing unit 806 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein. The arrangement 800 may also comprise an input unit 802 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 804 for providing signal (s) to other entities. The input unit 802 and the output unit 804 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
[0207] Furthermore, the arrangement 800 may comprise at least one computer program product 808 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and / or a hard drive. The computer program product 808 comprises a computer program 810, which comprises code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 806 in the arrangement 800 causes the arrangement 800 and / or the terminal device / network nodes in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 5 through Fig. 7 or any other variant.
[0208] The computer program 810 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 810A and 810B. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 800 is used in a terminal device, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810A configured to obtain a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas; and a module 810B configured to determine, based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device, whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained.
[0209] Additionally or alternatively, the computer program 810 may be further configured as a computer program code structured in a computer program module 810C. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 800 is used in a first network node, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810C configured to transmit, to a terminal device, system information to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.
[0210] Additionally or alternatively, the computer program 810 may be further configured as a computer program code structured in a computer program module 810D. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 800 is used in a second network node, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810D configured to transmit, to a terminal device, a service announcement to enable the terminal device to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.
[0211] The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 5 through Fig. 7, to emulate the terminal device or the network nodes. In other words, when the different computer program modules are executed in the processing unit 806, they may correspond to different modules in the terminal device or the network nodes.
[0212] Although the code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 8 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
[0213] The processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and / or related chips sets and / or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) . The processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor. The computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the terminal device and / or the network nodes.
[0214] Fig. 9 shows an example of a communication system QQ 100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0215] In the example, the communication system QQ 100 includes a telecommunications network QQ102 that includes an access network QQ104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108. The access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes or base stations of various types, access network nodes QQ 110A and QQ 110B are depicted (which may be collectively referred to as network nodes QQ110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points (APs) . Some embodiments of the access network QQ104 may include more than one access network technology. The network nodes QQ 110 of access network QQ 104 facilitate direct or indirect connection of wireless devices, also referred to as user equipments (UEs) , such as by connecting UEs QQ112A, QQ112B, QQ112C, and QQ112D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections. In some embodiments, the wireless devices or UEs QQ112 may be the UE 100 shown in Fig. 1 or the device 200 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5.
[0216] Moreover, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunications network QQ102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a network node in the telecommunications network QQ102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other network nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any network node in the telecommunications network QQ 102, including one or more access network nodes QQ 110 and / or core network nodes QQ108. In some embodiments, the access network nodes QQ110 may be the BS 105 shown in Fig. 1 or the satellite 210, the gateway 215, or the BS 205 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5. In some embodiments, the core network nodes QQ108 may be the CN function or the AF described above or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0217] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . An ORAN network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, W1, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN network node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.
[0218] The network nodes QQ 110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of one or more UEs QQ 112 to the core network QQ 106 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system QQ 100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system QQ 100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0219] The UEs QQ 112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes QQ108, QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via other devices of telecommunications network QQ 102) with the UEs QQ 112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network QQ 102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network QQ102. More specifically, UEs QQ112 may send messages, data, and / or other signals to network nodes QQ 108, QQ 110 or other elements of the telecommunications network QQ 102 by transmitting such signals to the relevant device directly without the signals passing through any intervening devices or by transmitting such signals to the relevant device indirectly through an intervening device (or multiple intervening devices) that then transmit the signal to the relevant device. Similarly, network nodes QQ108, QQ110 may send messages, data, and other signals to UEs QQ112, other network nodes QQ108, QQ110, and other devices in telecommunications network QQ 102 directly or indirectly. As one specific example, a core network node 108 may transmit a particular message to a UE QQ112 by transmitting the message to an access network node QQ110 that will then transmit the message to the intended UE QQ112. Similarly, a core network node 108 may receive a particular message from a UE QQ112 by receiving the message from an access network node QQ 110 that itself received the message from the UE QQ 112.
[0220] In the depicted example, the core network QQ 106 connects elements of the access network QQ104 (e.g., one or more of the network nodes QQ110) to one or more host computing systems, such as host QQ116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network QQ106 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) of various types, one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ108. Network nodes QQ 108 are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, access network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ 108. Example core network nodes provide functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing Function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0221] The host QQ 116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network QQ 104 and / or the telecommunications network QQ 102. The host QQ 116 may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host QQ 116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0222] As a whole, the communication system QQ100 of Fig. 9 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system QQ100 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (Wi-Fi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) , ZigBee, Li-Fi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. Moreover, the communication system QQ100 may be configured to support multiple different standards, protocols, or other rule sets, with individual components supporting all of the relevant rule sets or with different components or sub-systems within the communication system QQ 100 supporting different standards, protocols, or rule sets.
[0223] As one example, in certain embodiments, access network QQ104 may contain some access network nodes QQ110 that support 3GPP radio access technologies (RAT) , such as LTE or NR, while other access network nodes QQ110 support (or the same access network nodes QQ110 additionally support) non-3GPP RATs, such as Wi-Fi or a proprietary RAT. As another example, telecommunications network QQ 102 may support multiple generations of related communication standards (e.g., 4G and 5G 3GPP communication standards) and, as a result, may include an access network 104 and / or a core network 106 that supports multiple different standard generations or may include multiple access networks 104 and / or multiple core networks 106 with individual networks 104, 106 supporting different standard generations.
[0224] Telecommunications network QQ 102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunications network QQ 102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ 102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0225] In some examples, one or more of the UEs QQ112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ 104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio -Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0226] In the example, the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112C and / or QQ112D) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ110B) . In some examples, the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ 110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114.
[0227] As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ 114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0228] The hub QQ 114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ110B. The hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112C and / or QQ112D) , and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106. In other examples, the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to a Machine to Machine (M2M) service provider over the access network QQ104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub -that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node QQ110B. In other embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a non-dedicated hub -that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ 11 0B, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0229] Fig. 10 is another example of a communication system QQ200 according to some embodiments. As used herein, the communication system QQ200 includes multiple access points (APs) QQ210 (with four exemplary APs QQ210A, QQ210B, QQ210C, and QQ210D being depicted) and multiple wireless devices, referred to in the context of communication system QQ200 as stations (STAs) QQ212 (referred to individually as STA QQ212A, STA QQ212B, STA QQ212C, STA QQ212D, and STA QQ212E) . STA QQ212A is served by AP QQ210A in a first basic service set (BSS) QQ220A. STA QQ212B and STA QQ212C are served by AP QQ210B in a second BSS, BSS QQ220B. STA QQ212D is served by AP QQ210C in a third BSS, BSS QQ220C. STA QQ212E is served by AP QQ210D in a fourth BSS, BSS QQ220D. Stations QQ212 may be non-Ap STAs and correspond to various kinds of wireless devices, for example, user terminals, such as mobile or stationary computing devices like smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, gaming devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , or the like. Further, stations QQ212 could, for example, correspond to other kinds of equipment like smart home devices, printers, multimedia devices, data storage devices, or the like.
[0230] Each of STAs QQ212 may connect through a radio link to one ofAPs QQ210. For example, depending on location or channel conditions experienced by a given STA QQ212, the STA may select an appropriate AP and BSS for establishing the radio link. The radio link may be based on one or more orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) carriers from a frequency spectrum that is shared on the basis of a contention-based mechanism, e.g., an unlicensed or license exempt band like 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, or the 60 GHz band.
[0231] Each AP QQ210 may provide data connectivity to STAs QQ212 connected to a particular AP QQ210. As illustrated, APs QQ210 may be connected to a data network QQ230. In this way, APs QQ210 may also provide data connectivity between STAs QQ212 and other entities, e.g., to one or more servers, service providers, data sources, data sinks, user terminals, or the like. Accordingly, the radio link established between a given STA QQ212 and its serving AP QQ210 may be used for providing various kinds of services to STA QQ212, e.g., a voice service, a multimedia service, or other data service. Such services may be based on applications that are executed on STA QQ212 and / or on a device linked to STA QQ212. By way of example, Fig. 10 illustrates an application service platform QQ232 provided in data network QQ230. The application (s) executed on STA QQ212 and / or on one or more other devices linked to STA QQ212 may use the radio link for data communication with one or more other STA QQ212 and / or the application service platform QQ232, thereby enabling utilization of the corresponding service (s) at STA QQ212.
[0232] In some embodiments, the STA QQ212 may be the UE 100 shown in Fig. 1 or the device 200 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5. In some embodiments, the APs QQ210 may be the B S 105 shown in Fig. 1 or the satellite 210, the gateway 215, or the BS 205 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5. In some embodiments, an entity in the data network QQ230 (e.g., the application service platform QQ232) may be the CN function or the AF described above or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0233] Fig. 11 shows a wireless device QQ300, which may be configured to operate in communication system QQ100 of Fig. 9 or in communication system QQ200 of Fig. 10. The wireless device QQ300 may be alternatively referred to as a UE QQ300, like a UE QQ112 within the context of communication system QQ 100, or as a station (STA) QQ300 or as a non-access-point station (non-AP STA) QQ300, like a STA QQ212 within the context of the communication system QQ200, in accordance with respective embodiments. As used herein, a wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, and wireless terminal. Other examples include any type of UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0234] In some embodiments, the wireless device QQ300 may be the UE 100 shown in Fig. 1 or the device 200 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5.
[0235] A wireless device QQ300 may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, wireless device QQ300 may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, wireless device QQ300 may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, wireless device QQ300 may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0236] In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 includes processing circuitry QQ302 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ304 to an input / output interface QQ306, a power source QQ308, a memory QQ310, a communication interface QQ312, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain embodiments of wireless device QQ300 may include all or a subset of the components shown in Fig. 11. The level of integration between the components may vary from one embodiment of wireless device QQ300 to another. In general, in a particular embodiment of wireless device QQ300, processing circuitry QQ302, input / output interface QQ306, power source QQ308, memory QQ310, and communication interface QQ312 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of wireless device QQ300. Further, certain embodiments of wireless devices QQ300 may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0237] The processing circuitry QQ302 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ310. The processing circuitry QQ302 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry QQ302 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0238] In the example, the input / output interface QQ306 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into wireless device QQ300. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0239] In some embodiments, the power source QQ308 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used to supply power to circuitry or to charge an associated battery. The power source QQ308 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ308 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of wireless device QQ300 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power source QQ308 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to make accessible power suitable for the respective components of the wireless device QQ300 to which power is supplied.
[0240] The memory QQ310 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory QQ310 includes one or more programs QQ314, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ316. The memory QQ310 may store, for use by wireless device QQ300, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0241] The memory QQ310 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory QQ310 may allow wireless device QQ300 to access instructions, programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ310, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0242] The processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network via or using the communication interface QQ312. The communication interface QQ312 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ322. The communication interface QQ312 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another wireless device or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ318 and / or a receiver QQ320 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter QQ318 and receiver QQ320 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ322) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0243] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface QQ312 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0244] In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 may provide an output of data captured via a sensor, through its communication interface QQ312, via a wireless connection to a network node, and / or in any appropriate manner. Data captured by sensors of a wireless device QQ300 can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another wireless device QQ300. In particular embodiments, such output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0245] As another example, wireless device QQ300 comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, wireless device QQ300 may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0246] Wireless device QQ300, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 represents an IoT device that comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the example embodiment of wireless device QQ300 shown in Fig. 11.
[0247] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, wireless device QQ300 may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another wireless device and / or a network node. Wireless device QQ300 may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, wireless device QQ300 may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, wireless device QQ300 may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0248] In practice, any number of wireless devices QQ300 may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first wireless device QQ300 might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second wireless device QQ300 that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes changes from the remote controller, the first wireless device QQ300 may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second wireless device QQ300 can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, wireless device QQ300 might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0249] Fig. 12 shows a network node QQ400 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunications network. In accordance with respective embodiments, network node QQ400 may be configured to operate in communication system QQ100 of Fig. 9, like network nodes QQ108 or QQ110, or in communication system QQ200 of Fig. 10, like an AP QQ210 or a station QQ212. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0250] In some embodiments, the network node QQ400 may be the BS 105 shown in Fig. 1 or the satellite 210, the gateway 215, or the BS 205 shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 5. In some embodiments, the network node QQ400 may be the CN function or the AF described above or the arrangement 800 shown in Fig. 8, and perform one or more operations described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0251] Network nodes QQ400 may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. Network node QQ400 may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. Network nodes QQ400 may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0252] Other examples of network nodes QQ400 include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0253] In particular embodiments, network node QQ400 includes a processing circuitry QQ402, a memory QQ404, a communication interface QQ406, and a power source QQ408. In general, in a particular embodiment of network node QQ400, processing circuitry QQ402, memory QQ404, communication interface QQ406, and power source QQ408 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of network node QQ400.
[0254] The network node QQ400 may be composed of multiple distinct network entities (e.g., a NodeB entity and a RNC entity, or a BTS entity and a BSC entity, etc. ) , which may each have or utilize their own respective physical components. In certain scenarios in which the network node QQ400 comprises multiple such entities (e.g., BTS and BSC) , one or more of the separate entities may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node QQ400 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories QQ404 or portions of memory QQ404 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ410 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node QQ400 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ400, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ400.
[0255] The processing circuitry QQ402 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components, such as the memory QQ404, to provide network node QQ400 functionality.
[0256] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ412 and baseband processing circuitry QQ414. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ414 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 and baseband processing circuitry QQ414 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0257] The memory QQ404 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ402. The memory QQ404 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ402 and utilized by the network node QQ400. The memory QQ404 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ402 and / or any data received via the communication interface QQ406. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 and memory QQ404 are integrated.
[0258] The communication interface QQ406 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data with UEs, other network nodes, and / or any other network equipment. In the illustrated embodiment, communication interface QQ406 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) QQ416 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. In particular embodiments, network node QQ400 may be capable of wireless communication and communication interface QQ406 may also include radio front-end circuitry QQ418 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, an antenna QQ410. Particular embodiments of radio front-end circuitry QQ418 include filter (s) QQ420 and amplifier (s) QQ422. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may be connected to an antenna QQ410 and processing circuitry QQ402. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ410 and processing circuitry QQ402. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may convert the digital data into a radio signal (s) having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ420 and / or amplifiers QQ422. The radio signal (s) may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ410. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ410 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ418. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ402. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0259] In certain alternative embodiments, network node QQ400 may be capable of wireless communication but does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ418, instead, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ410. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 is part of the communication interface QQ406. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ406 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ416, the radio front-end circuitry QQ418, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ406 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ414, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0260] The antenna QQ410 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna QQ410 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ418 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna QQ410 is separate from the network node QQ400 and connectable to the network node QQ400 through one or more interfaces or ports.
[0261] The antenna QQ410, communication interface QQ406, and / or the processing circuitry QQ402 may be configured to perform some or all of the receiving operations and / or obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node QQ400. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ410, the communication interface QQ406, and / or the processing circuitry QQ402 may be configured to perform some or all of the transmitting or sending operations described herein as being performed by the network node QQ400. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0262] The power source QQ408 provides power to the various components of network node QQ400 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source QQ408 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ400 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node QQ400 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ408. As a further example, the power source QQ408 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0263] Embodiments of the network node QQ400 may include additional components beyond those shown in Fig. 12 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node QQ400 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ400 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ400. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ400.
[0264] Fig. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as an access network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which a virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment QQ500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
[0265] Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment QQ500 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0266] Hardware QQ504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers QQ506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VM QQ508A and VM QQ508B (which may be collectively referred to as VMs QQ508) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer QQ506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to one or more of the VMs QQ508.
[0267] The VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by virtualization layer QQ506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0268] In the context of NFV, each of the VMs QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as ifthey were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context ofNFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more of the VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to an application QQ502.
[0269] Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0270] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0271] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0272] The present disclosure is described above with reference to the embodiments thereof. However, those embodiments are provided just for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the attached claims as well as equivalents thereof. Those skilled in the art can make various alternations and modifications without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which all fall into the scope of the disclosure.
[0273] Abbreviation Explanation
[0274] DRB Data Radio Bearer
[0275] FSA Frequency Selection Area
[0276] FSAI Frequency Selection Area ID
[0277] GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
[0278] HAPS High Altitude Platform Station
[0279] IoT Internet of Things
[0280] LSB Least Significant Bit
[0281] MAC Medium Access Control
[0282] MAC CE MAC Control Element
[0283] MBS Multicast / Broadcast Services
[0284] MCCH MBS Control Channel
[0285] MII MBS Interest Indication
[0286] MSB Most Significant Bit
[0287] MTCH MBS Traffic Channel
[0288] NEF Network Exposure Function
[0289] NR New Radio
[0290] NTN Non-Terrestrial Networks
[0291] OTT Over The Top
[0292] PTM Point-To-Multipoint
[0293] SIB System Information Block
[0294] SSA Satellite Selection Area
[0295] TMGI Temporary Mobile Group Identity
[0296] TN Terrestrial Network
[0297] UE User Equipment
[0298] USD User Service Description
Claims
1.A method (500) at a terminal device (100, 200) , the method (500) comprising:obtaining (S510) a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas; anddetermining (S520) , based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device (100, 200) , whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained.2.The method (500) of claim 1, further comprising at least one of:obtaining the broadcast configuration in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is to be obtained;preventing the broadcast configuration from being obtained in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is not to be obtained; ornot obtaining the broadcast configuration in response to determining that the broadcast configuration is not to be obtained.3.The method (500) of claim 1 or 2, wherein before the determining (S520) whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained, the method (500) further comprises:determining whether or not the terminal device (100, 200) is interested to receive at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions.4.The method (500) of claim 3, further comprising:determining whether or not the terminal device (100, 200) is located in a service area associated with the at least one broadcast session in response to determining that the terminal device (100, 200) is interested to receive the at least one broadcast session.5.The method (500) of claim 3 or 4, wherein the determining (S510) whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained comprises at least one of:determining that a broadcast configuration associated with any of the one or more broadcast sessions is not to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device (100, 200) is not interested to receive any of the one or more broadcast sessions;determining that a broadcast configuration associated with the at least one broadcast session is to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device (100, 200) is located in a service area associated with the at least one broadcast session; ordetermining that a broadcast configuration associated with the at least one broadcast session is not to be obtained in response to determining that the terminal device (100, 200) is not located in any service area associated with the at least one broadcast session.6.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the obtaining (S510) the first mapping comprises:obtaining a second mapping between the one or more service areas and one or more service area identifiers (IDs) ;obtaining a third mapping between the one or more service area IDs and the one or more broadcast sessions; andobtaining the first mapping based on at least the second mapping and the third mapping.7.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a SIB indicates no service area associated with the broadcast session.8.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method (500) further comprises:obtaining a broadcast configuration needed for obtaining the service announcement, without considering any service area information indicated by the SIB.9.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein one or more service areas indicated by a SIB comprise at least one of:- one or more service areas that are at least partially overlapped with the cell that transmits the SIB; or- one or more service areas associated with one or more broadcast sessions that will be delivered in the cell, which transmits the SIB, in the future.10.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of a SIB or a service announcement indicates whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .11.The method (500) of claim 10, wherein at least one of the SIB or the service announcement further indicates a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .12.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:receiving a message indicating that the current serving cell is a moving cell;obtaining a SIB that indicates one or more service areas; andnot obtaining the SIB transmitted from the current serving cell until the terminal device (100, 200) moves a specific distance and / or a specific period of time is elapsed since the last time the terminal device (100, 200) obtained the SIB.13.The method (500) of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the one or more broadcast sessions are one or more Multicast / Broadcast Service (MBS) broadcast sessions.14.A terminal device (100, 200, 800) , comprising:a processor (806) ;a memory (808) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (806) , cause the terminal device (100, 200, 800) to:obtain a first mapping between one or more broadcast sessions and one or more service areas; anddetermine, based on at least the first mapping and / or a location of the terminal device (100, 200, 800) , whether or not a broadcast configuration associated with at least one of the one or more broadcast sessions is to be obtained.15.The terminal device (100, 200, 800) of claim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (806) , further cause the terminal device (100, 200, 800) to perform the method (500) of any of claims 2 to 13.16.A method (600) at a first network node (105, 205) , the method (600) comprising:transmitting (S610) , to a terminal device (100, 200) , system information to enable the terminal device (100, 200) to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device (100, 200) and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.17.The method (600) of claim 16, wherein the system information is a System Information Block (SIB) indicating a second mapping between one or more service areas and one or more service area identifiers (IDs) .18.The method (600) of claim 16 or 17, wherein the system information is generated by the first network node (105, 205) based on at least one of:- service area related information received from a Core Network (CN) function; or- service area related information received from an Application Function (AF) .19.The method (600) of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the system information indicates no service area associated with the broadcast session.20.The method (600) of any of claims 16 to 19, wherein one or more service areas indicated by a SIB comprise at least one of:- one or more service areas that are at least partially overlapped with the cell that transmits the SIB; or- one or more service areas associated with one or more broadcast sessions that will be delivered in the cell, which transmits the SIB, in the future.21.The method (600) of any of claims 16 to 20, wherein the system information indicates whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .22.The method (600) of claim 21, wherein the system information further indicates a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .23.The method (600) of any of claims 16 to 22, further comprising:transmitting a message indicating that the current serving cell is a moving cell.24.A first network node (105, 205, 800) , comprising:a processor (806) ;a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (806) , cause the first network node (105, 205, 800) to:provide system information to enable a terminal device (100, 200) to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device (100, 200) and / or the system information, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.25.The first network node (105, 205, 800) of claim 24, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (806) , further cause the first network node (105, 205, 800) to perform the method (600) of any of claims 17 to 23.26.A method (700) at a second network node (QQ108) , the method (700) comprising:transmitting (S710) , to a terminal device (100, 200) , a service announcement to enable the terminal device (100, 200) to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device (100, 200) and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.27.The method (700) of claim 26, wherein the service announcement indicates a third mapping between one or more service area identifiers (IDs) and the one or more broadcast sessions.28.The method (700) of claim 26 or 27, wherein when the second network node (QQ108) serves as a Core Network (CN) function for allocation of service area IDs, the method (700) further comprises:receiving, from an Application Function (AF) , a request for creating a broadcast session with geographical area information;determining whether there is an existing service area matching the geographical area information,wherein the method (700) further comprises at least one of:triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the existing service area in response to determining that there is the existing service area matching the geographical area information; ortriggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID different from any service area ID associated with any existing service area in response to determining that there is no existing service area matching the geographical area information.29.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 28, wherein when the second network node(QQ108) serves as an AF function for allocation of service area IDs, the method (700) further comprises:determining whether there is an existing service area matching geographical area information associated with a broadcast session to be created,wherein the method (700) further comprises at least one of:triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the existing service area in response to determining that there is the existing service area matching the geographical area information; ortriggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID different from any service area ID associated with any existing service area in response to determining that there is no existing service area matching the geographical area information.30.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 29, wherein when the second network node (QQ108) serves as an AF function and there is a CN function for allocation of service area IDs, the method (700) further comprises:determining whether there is a pre-configured service area matching geographical area information associated with a broadcast session to be created,wherein the method (700) further comprises at least one of:triggering creating the broadcast session with a service area ID associated with the pre-configured service area in response to determining that there is the pre-configured service area matching the geographical area information; ortransmitting, to the CN function, a request for allocating a second service area ID for the broadcast session, receiving, from the CN function, the second service area ID, and creating the broadcast session with the second service area ID.31.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 30, further comprising:transmitting, to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node (105, 205) , information indicating the service area ID and / or the corresponding service area.32.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 31, wherein when multiple network nodes comprising the second network node (QQ108) are responsible for allocation of service area IDs, a service area ID associated with a service area is generated as a hash of the service area.33.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 32, wherein system information indicates no service area associated with the broadcast session.34.The method (700) of any of claims 26 to 33, wherein the service announcement indicates whether one or more service areas are within a current coverage of a cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .35.The method (700) of claim 34, wherein the service announcement further indicates a time duration and / or an absolute time during and / or at which the one or more service areas are within the current coverage of the cell that is serving the terminal device (100, 200) .36.A second network node (QQ108, 800) , comprising:a processor (806) ;a memory (808) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (806) , cause the second network node (QQ108, 800) to:provide a service announcement to enable a terminal device (100, 200) to determine, based on at least a location of the terminal device (100, 200) and / or the service announcement, whether or not one or more broadcast configurations associated with one or more broadcast sessions are to be obtained.37.The second network node (QQ108, 800) of claim 36, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (806) , further cause the second network node (QQ108, 800) to perform the method (700) of any of claims 27 to 35.38.A computer program (810) comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor (806) , cause the at least one processor (806) to carry out the method (500, 600, 700) of any of claims 1 to 13, 16 to 23, and 26 to 35.39.A carrier (808) containing the computer program (810) of claim 38, wherein the carrier (808) is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.40.A telecommunication system (10, 20) , comprising:one or more terminal devices (100, 200) of claim 14 or 15;a first network node (105, 205) of claim 24 or 25; anda second network node (QQ108) of claim 36 or 37.