Recycled content-based mixture, and method
A catalyst-free recycling method for synthetic leather using polyester polyol transforms synthetic leather into a recyclable mixture that retains carbamate structures, addressing environmental concerns and facilitating the production of high-performance polyurethane products.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BASF SE
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Conventional recycling methods for synthetic leather struggle to effectively convert polyurethane resins and fabrics into valuable products, posing environmental threats due to their fossil resource-based composition and difficulty in mechanical separation.
A method involving the use of a degrading agent, such as polyester polyol, to treat synthetic leather fragments at elevated temperatures without catalysts, resulting in a recycled content-based mixture that retains carbamate structures and can be used to produce new polyurethane products.
The method simplifies the recycling process, conserves labor and energy, retains the carbamate structure, and produces a mixture with appropriate viscosity for further processing, enabling the production of high-performance polyurethane products.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2026074121-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026074121-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026074121-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Recycled content-based mixture, and methodTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a recycled content-based mixture, in particular to a recycled content-based mixture from recycled synthetic leather, and a method for preparing the recycled content-based mixture.Background Art
[0002] Synthetic leathers based on polyurethane chemistry are already widely used in many settings, including the interior trim of vehicles, furniture, bags, packaging and clothing. Conventionally, many synthetic leathers have a layered structure, and in addition to a polyurethane-based top layer and a base layer, also contain a fabric layer made from polyamide, poly (ethylene terephthalate) or other synthetic fibers.
[0003] End-of-life, post-industrial or post-consumer synthetic leather products pose a threat to the environment, because these composite materials are made from fossil resources and are difficult to degrade. There has long been a desire to recycle synthetic leather products. Conventional recycling techniques such as heat treatment or pyrolysis struggle to convert all of the leather into valuable products that can be reused. At the same time, effective mechanical separation of polyurethane resins and fabrics within synthetic leathers still poses a challenge.Summary of the Invention
[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a recycled content-based mixture is provided, comprising a hydroxyl-terminated copolyester, containing a C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid group structure as represented by formula 1 and a diol group structure as represented by formula 2, wherein Q is C2-C10 hydrocarbylene, R is C2-C20 hydrocarbylene,
[0005] -O-R-O- formula 2; and
[0006] at least one of the following: a dispersed polyurethane or polyurea; and a hydroxyl-terminated carbamate or urea,
[0007] wherein the recycled content-based mixture comprises 1.0 wt%-20.0 wt%of a terephthalic acid structural unit, calculated as C6H4 (COOH) 2 based on quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.
[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided, comprising: (a) dividing a synthetic leather into multiple fragments; (b) mixing at least a portion of these fragments with a degrading agent to form a reaction mixture; (c) heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of 180℃-260℃; and (d) obtaining a recycled content-based mixture from the heated reaction mixture, wherein the synthetic leather comprises a poly (ethylene terephthalate) fabric layer, a base layer and a top layer, at least one of the base layer and the top layer being made of polyurethane, and the degrading agent comprising a polyester polyol.
[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a polyurethane is provided, prepared from a reaction system comprising an isocyanate and a recycled content-based mixture.
[0010] The method in the present disclosure may be used to treat synthetic leather. In the past, the sorting, physical separation and recycling of synthetic leather consumed a great deal of labor and energy. The present method is simple and easy to perform. According to the present method, post-industrial synthetic leather and post-consumer synthetic leather can be recycled without mechanical separation of layers, saving a great deal of labor and energy. Since the present disclosure does not use catalysts or other reagents that might cause carbamate bonds in the polyurethane to break, the carbamate structure in the recycled synthetic leather is retained, and the recycled content-based mixture that is produced by the present method contains little or no amide compounds, which are often present in high concentrations in chemical recycling methods (such as hydrolysis and alcoholysis) . At the same time, the recycled content-based mixture that is produced has appropriate viscosity, and can be processed by ordinary physical and chemical means. In addition, the recycled content-based mixture that is obtained by the method can be used directly as a starting material for producing new polymers (such as polyurethane) . Polyurethane products prepared from the recycled content-based mixture have good performance.
[0011] Brief Description of the Figures
[0012] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary flow chart of a method for preparing a recycled content-based mixture according to an embodiment.Detailed Description of Embodiments
[0013] The term “hydroxyl value” refers to the mass (in milligrams) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acetic acid absorbed on acetylation of one gram of a polyol or blend of polyols. The hydroxyl value is determined in mgKOH / g according to 53240 (2012) of the German Institute for Standardization (Deutsches Institut für Normung, DIN) . For a mixture such as a combination of polyols, the total hydroxy value is used, which may be calculated as the weighted average of the hydroxyl values of the individual components thereof.
[0014] The term “acid value” refers to the mass (in milligrams) of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acidic groups of one gram of a polyol or blend of polyols. The acid value is determined in mgKOH / g according to ASTM D4662 (2020) .
[0015] The term “fragment” refers to an object whose size, porosity, density or appearance has been altered by physical or chemical means, and may include pieces, particles or powders. Methods of obtaining fragments from synthetic leather include manual disassembly, mechanical cutting, tearing up, or melting and granulation, etc.
[0016] The term “functionality” of a polyol refers to the number of hydroxyl groups in each polyol molecule. The functionality of a blend of polyols is the molar average of the functionalities of all of the polyol components.
[0017] The term “isocyanate index” or “NCO index” of a polyurethane system refers to the ratio of the number of NCO groups present in the polyurethane system to the number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms, expressed as a percentage:
[0018] [NCO] is the number of NCO groups.
[0019] [isocyanate-reactive hydrogen] is the number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms. In other words, the isocyanate index represents the percentage of isocyanate actually used in a preparation relative to the theoretically required amount of isocyanate (used to react with isocyanate-reactive hydrogen used in the preparation) .
[0020] The recycled content-based mixture in the present disclosure is obtained by treating polyurethane-based synthetic leather, so contains elemental nitrogen derived from isocyanate, this elemental nitrogen being present in carbamate bonds or urea bonds. It can be determined by quantitative analytical means such as quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. For example, when determining the content of elemental nitrogen derived from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, the methylene content can first be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, then the elemental nitrogen content can be obtained from the ratio of elemental nitrogen to methylene. As used in the present disclosure, the term “C2-C10 hydrocarbylene” means a hydrocarbon diradical having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein each hydrocarbon diradical is independently aromatic (6 carbon atoms or more) or non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, cyclic (including monocyclic and polycyclic, fused and non-fused polycyclic, including bicyclic; 3 carbon atoms or more) or non-cyclic, or a combination of two or more thereof; and each hydrocarbon diradical is respectively independently identical to or different from another hydrocarbon diradical, and independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutent.
[0021] As used in the present disclosure, the term “C2-C20 hydrocarbylene” means a hydrocarbon diradical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein each hydrocarbon diradical is independently aromatic (6 carbon atoms or more) or non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched, cyclic (including monocyclic and polycyclic, fused and non-fused polycyclic, including bicyclic; 3 carbon atoms or more) or non-cyclic, or a combination of two or more thereof; and each hydrocarbon diradical is respectively independently identical to or different from another hydrocarbon diradical, and independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutent.
[0022] There are no particular restrictions on the source of the hydrocarbylene in the present disclosure, for example, it may be derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon, or from a saturated hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, or from a straight-chain hydrocarbon, a branched hydrocarbon or a cyclic hydrocarbon, or from a hydrocarbon or heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon, etc. From the perspective of degree of saturation, it may for example be derived from an alkane, an olefin, an alkyne or a diolefin, etc. ; in the case of a cyclic hydrocarbon, it may for example be derived from an alicyclic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon, a monocyclic hydrocarbon or a polycyclic hydrocarbon; in the case of a heterocyclic hydrocarbon, it may for example be derived from an aliphatic heterocyclic hydrocarbon or an aromatic heterocyclic hydrocarbon.
[0023] Hydrocarbylenes based on alkanes are also called alkylenes; common alkylenes include but are not limited to methylene, 1, 2-ethylidene, 1, 3-propylidene, 1, 2-propylidene, isopropylidene, butylidene, pentylidene, hexylidene, heptylidene, octylidene, nonylidene, decylidene, etc. Hydrocarbylenes based on unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons include any one of the basic units -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, etc.
[0024] In the case of a cyclic hydrocarbylene, there are no particular restrictions on the positions of the two hydrogen atoms which it loses, as long as they are not connected to one carbon atom at the same time. When connected to the same carbon atom, the cyclic structure is present as a substituent of this carbon atom. An alicyclic hydrocarbon losing two hydrogen atoms on the same ring forms an alicyclic hydrocarbylene. An aromatic hydrocarbon losing two hydrogen atoms on the same aromatic ring forms an arylene, for example when one of the two hydrogen atoms lost by the aromatic hydrocarbon is located on the aromatic ring and one is located on the aliphatic hydrocarbyl portion thereof in the case of p-phenylene, m-phenylene and o-phenylene among phenylenes.
[0025] The hydrocarbylene may or may not contain a substituent or a side group; the side groups include but are not limited to straight-chain, branched or cyclic structures.
[0026] In the absence of a particular definition, there are no particular restrictions on the two positions where other groups are connected in the hydrocarbylene; for example, phenylene may include p-phenylene, o-phenylene and m-phenylene; for example, propylidene may include 1, 2-propylidene, 1, 3-propylidene, isopropylidene, etc.
[0027] The term “polyol” refers to an organic compound with two or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to different carbon atoms of the organic compound.
[0028] Unless otherwise stated, temperature is room temperature and pressure is ambient pressure. According to the present disclosure, a recycled content-based mixture is provided, comprising: a hydroxyl-terminated copolyester, containing a C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid group structure as represented by formula 3 and a diol group structure as represented by formula 4, wherein Q is C2-C10 hydrocarbylene, R is C2-C20 hydrocarbylene,
[0029] -O-R-O- formula 4; and
[0030] at least one of the following:
[0031] a dispersed polyurethane or polyurea; and
[0032] a hydroxyl-terminated carbamate or urea,
[0033] wherein the recycled content-based mixture comprises 1.0 wt%-20.0 wt%of a terephthalic acid structural unit, calculated as C6H4 (COOH) 2 based on quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.
[0034] The terephthalic acid structural unit is present in the form of terephthalate in a polyester polyol in the mixture. The polyester polyol is a product formed by a reaction such as transesterification of synthetic leather.
[0035] Preferably, the hydroxyl-terminated copolyester further comprises a triol group structure, from glycerol, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol, as represented by formulas 5 -7 respectively.
[0036] Preferably, the recycled content-based mixture comprises hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric ethylene terephthalate. The structure of the hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric ethylene terephthalate may be represented as formula 8, where n is a positive integer.
[0037] Preferably, the recycled content-based mixture comprises a diamine at a content less than 0.3 wt%, based on the total weight of the recycled content-based mixture; more preferably, it comprises a diamine at a content less than 0.06 wt%, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) . More preferably, the diamine is selected from toluenediamine, methylene diphenylamine, naphthalene diamine, isophorone diamine, hexamethylene diamine, methylene bis (cyclohexylamine) and any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will understand that the presence or amount of diamine could also be detected or measured by another characterization method such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) , proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) . Since the amount present is extremely small, there is no need to use an acid or organic acid anhydride to neutralize the diamine.
[0038] The recycled content-based mixture has a total hydroxyl value of preferably 20-250 mgKOH / g, more preferably 40-120 mgKOH / g, and further preferably 40-100 mgKOH / g.
[0039] Preferably, the recycled content-based mixture further comprises a polyether polyol with a number-average molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 g / mol.
[0040] Preferably, the recycled content-based mixture further comprises 0.01 wt%-1.50 wt%of elemental nitrogen from isocyanate, the elemental nitrogen from isocyanate being present in carbamate bonds and / or urea bonds, calculated on the basis of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.
[0041] Preferably, the recycled content-based mixture has an acid value of 0-10.0 mgKOH / g. More preferably, the recycled content-based mixture has an acid value of 0-4.0 mgKOH / g. Fig. 1 shows an exemplary flow chart of the method. The method can be used to prepare a recycled content-based mixture or to produce polyurethane. Although the flow chart depicts a specific order, this order can be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
[0042] For example, some of the operations depicted can be performed in parallel or in a different order without materially affecting functionality. In other examples, different components of an exemplary apparatus or system that implements a routine may perform functions essentially simultaneously or in a specific order.
[0043] At the end of the method, a recycled content-based mixture is obtained.
[0044] According to some examples, the method comprises breaking up synthetic leather into multiple fragments in box 102.
[0045] The synthetic leather comprises a fabric layer of poly (ethylene terephthalate) , a base layer and a top layer, in sequence. The two sides of the base layer are in contact with the fabric layer and the top layer respectively. At least one of the base layer and the top layer is made of polyurethane. The base layer can be dense or foamed. The top layer is typically made of a water-based or solvent-based polyurethane / polyurea resin. In some embodiments, the synthetic leather comprises a four-layer structure; in addition to the top layer, the base layer and the fabric layer in sequence, it further comprises a layer of soft foam, which is in direct contact with the fabric layer or bonded to the fabric layer by an adhesive (e.g. a polyurethane-based adhesive) . The soft foam may be based on a polyurethane chemical structure. In other embodiments, the synthetic leather comprises a five-layer structure; in addition to the top layer, the base layer, the fabric layer and the soft foam in sequence, the soft foam in the synthetic leather is in direct contact with, or bonded by an adhesive to, a non-woven fabric layer, via the side that is not in contact with the fabric layer. The non-woven fabric layer may be based on poly (ethylene terephthalate) , polylactic acid or another thermoplastic polymer. The synthetic leather may be post-industrial synthetic leather, post-consumer synthetic leather, or a combination of both.
[0046] Preferably, the weight ratio of polyurethane to poly (ethylene terephthalate) in the synthetic leather is 20: 80 to 70: 30.
[0047] Preferably, in the multiple fragments obtained in box 102, the fabric layer and the base layer are essentially not separated from one another. The step of breaking up the synthetic leather may be realized using a mechanical pulverizing device such as a cutting shredder, a cutter, a blade roller, a roller breaker or a tearing shredder. The step of breaking up can be simple and not involve a complex machine or time-consuming process.
[0048] Preferably, the fragments have an average size of not more than 10 × 10 cm.
[0049] According to some examples, the method comprises mixing at least a portion of the fragments with a degrading agent to form a reaction mixture in box 104. The degrading agent comprises a polyester polyol.
[0050] The polyester polyol in the degrading agent comprises two or more hydroxyl-terminated polyesters based on C4-C12 dicarboxylic acids.
[0051] The polyester polyol can be obtained by polymerizing a reaction system comprising a C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid as represented by formula 9 and a diol as represented by formula 10.
[0052] HO-R-OH formula 10
[0053] wherein Q is C2-C10 hydrocarbylene, and R is C2-C20 hydrocarbylene.
[0054] The abovementioned reaction system may also comprise other components, for example triols such as glycerol and trimethylolpropane and / or tetraols such as pentaerythritol.
[0055] According to this disclosure, the degrading agent can react with both poly (ethylene terephthalate) and / or polyurethane.
[0056] For each kilogram of fragments in box 104, preferably, 0.5 to 100 kg of degrading agent is added; for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 70.0, 80.0, 90.0 or 100.0 kg of degrading agent may be added. More preferably, 1.2-10 kg of degrading agent is added in box 104. Further preferably, 1.5-3 kg of degrading agent is added in box 104.
[0057] For each kilogram of fragments in box 104, preferably, the weight of polyester polyol present in the degrading agent is in the range of 0.5-30 kg; for example, the weight of polyester polyol may be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 20.0, 24.0 or 30.0 kg. More preferably, the weight of polyester polyol is in the range of 1-8 kg. Further preferably, the weight of polyester polyol is in the range of 1.2-2 kg.
[0058] Preferably, the polyester polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 300 to 6,000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 3,000 g / mol, and more preferably 1,000 to 2,500 g / mol. For example, the polyester polyol as the degrading agent has a molecular weight of 300 g / mol,500 g / mol, 750 g / mol, 1,000 g / mol, 1,500 g / mol, 2,000 g / mol, 2,500 g / mol, 3,000 g / mol, 4,000 g / mol, 5,000 g / mol, 6,000 g / mol or any molecular weight between these values. Polyester polyols with relatively low molecular weight have sufficient reactivity in transesterification reactions with ester bonds in poly (ethylene terephthalate) and / or polyurethane, and do not react with urethane bonds in polyurethane. The transesterification reaction does not require the addition of a catalyst, and can only take place under certain temperature conditions (e.g. 180-260℃) . Polyester polyols suitable for use as degrading agents can be prepared by condensation of an organic diacid with a polyol. The organic diacid has 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and is preferably a C4-C10 saturated diacid or a C8-C12 aromatic diacid. The polyols are preferably diols with 2 to 20 carbon atoms or higher alcohols with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and are especially preferably diols or triols of aliphatic, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons with 2 to 14 carbon atoms. The weight content of the polyester polyol in the degrading agent is preferably 10%to 100%; more preferably 20%to 100%; further preferably 30%to 100%; even further preferably 40%to 100%.
[0059] Preferably, in box 104, the degrading agent further comprises a polyether polyol with a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000 g / mol. In this case, the polyether polyol can be used as a dispersion medium to reduce the viscosity of a reaction product.
[0060] When the degrading agent comprises a polyester polyol and a polyether polyol with a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000 g / mol, the polyester polyol and the abovementioned polyether polyol can be simultaneously mixed with the fragments as components of the degrading agent, or mixed with the fragments separately.
[0061] For example, in some embodiments, the polyester polyol and the polyether polyol are first mixed to obtain a uniform degrading agent, which is then mixed with the fragments. Alternatively, the polyester polyol is mixed with the fragments first, and the polyether polyol is then added. The interval between the two steps may be 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, or 360 minutes. During this interval, the mixed system of fragments and the polyester polyol can be heated up to, for example, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250 or 260℃.
[0062] Alternatively, the polyether polyol is mixed with the fragments first, and the polyester polyol is then added. The interval between the two steps may be 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, or 360 minutes. During this interval, the mixed system of fragments and the polyether polyol can be heated up to, for example, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250 or 260℃.
[0063] The step in box 104 can be performed in a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The preferred mixing speed is 50 to 500 rpm.
[0064] According to some examples, the method comprises heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of 180℃-260℃ in box 106. Preferably, the reaction mixture is heated at a temperature of 180℃-250℃. More preferably, the reaction mixture is heated at a temperature of 210℃-250℃.
[0065] The abovementioned temperature can accelerate the reaction between synthetic leather and the degrading agent. In addition, since the reaction mixture contains a small amount of ethylene glycol as a transesterification product of polyethylene terephthalate, a temperature of 180℃ to 260℃ facilitates the removal of ethylene glycol. In addition, the increased temperature can promote the melting and dispersion of polyurethane or polyurea into the degrading agent. Preferably, in box 106, the heating is accompanied by stirring. Stirring can be realized using a device known to a skilled person, such as a stirring paddle, a magnetic stirrer or bubbler. Preferably, in box 106, the reaction mixture is heated for at least 1 hour; more preferably, the reaction mixture is heated for 1 to 48 hours; even further preferably, the reaction mixture is heated for 2 to 24 hours. For example, the reaction mixture can be heated for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30, 36 or 48 hours.
[0066] Preferably, in box 106, the reaction mixture is heated in a protective atmosphere. The protective atmosphere can be an atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, or any mixture thereof. In box 106, the reaction mixture is heated in the absence of a catalyst. Catalysts include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, organometallic catalysts, alcoholamine catalysts and tertiary amine catalysts. In the absence of a catalyst, the heating of the reaction mixture does not produce, or produces only very little, diamine. Even if present, diamine does not need to be neutralized with an acid or organic acid anhydride.
[0067] The presence of an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide can promote the decomposition of carbamate, releasing harmful diamines with an unpleasant odor. In addition, reaction systems that do not contain such hydroxides will not have excessive alkalinity, thus reducing safety hazards and operational complexity.
[0068] Organometallic catalysts include organotitanium catalysts, organotin catalysts and organobismuth catalysts. Organotitanium catalysts include titanate esters. Organotin catalysts include dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, dibutyltin bis (lauryl mercaptide) and dibutyltin diacetate. Organobismuth catalysts include bismuth octanoate and bismuth laurate, etc.
[0069] Tertiary amine organic catalysts include triethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, dimethylaminopropylamine, triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-isopropyldiethanolamine, N-n-butyldiethanolamine, dipropanolamine, N-methyldipropanolamine, N-ethyldipropanolamine or N-isopropyldipropanolamine.
[0070] The presence of a catalyst can promote carbamate breakage, but this reaction is undesirable. No catalyst is added in box 106, so the recycled content finally obtained does not contain organometallic compound catalysts, alcoholamine catalysts or tertiary amine catalysts, facilitating stable storage. Moreover, when the recycled content-based mixture is used again to synthesize a new polyurethane, certain potential side reactions are avoided. According to some examples, the method comprises obtaining a recycled content-based mixture from the heated reaction mixture in box 108.
[0071] Box 108 can be executed when or after all visible solids or particles have disappeared. Alternatively, box 108 can be executed when or after the hydroxyl value and / or acid value and viscosity of the heated reaction mixture are constant for a period of time, for example, 1 hour, 2 hours or 30 minutes.
[0072] According to some examples, the method further comprises reacting the recycled content-based mixture with a polyisocyanate to produce a polyurethane in box 110. The polyurethane may be a thermoplastic polyurethane, a foamed polyurethane or a cross-linked / dense polyurethane. Exemplary polyisocyanates are known in the art, and include aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic polyisocyanates whose molecules contain two or more isocyanate groups. This reaction can further involve chain extenders such as butylene glycol or propylene glycol, crosslinking agents such as glycerol or other triols, catalysts (including but not limited to metal catalysts and amine catalysts) , etc.
[0073] A recycled content-based mixture can be obtained by the exemplary method depicted in Fig. 1. In some embodiments, the mixture has a density of approximately 1.10 to 1.30 g / cm3. The inventors found that the recycled content-based mixture unexpectedly contained only a small amount of diamine, which is typically released in large quantities after alcoholysis of polyurethane or polyurea. The resulting recycled content-based mixture is therefore less hazardous to the environment or health. Alternatively, a polyurethane can be obtained by the method in Fig. 1, and can be used as a material in a variety of applications and has a low content of diamine.
[0074] According to the present disclosure, a polyurethane is further provided, prepared from a reaction system comprising an isocyanate and a recycled content-based mixture. The recycled content-based mixture (due to the presence of isocyanate reactive functional groups) can react with an isocyanate such as a diisocyanate or polyisocyanate to form a polyurethane. The polyurethane may be dense or foamed, depending on the presence or absence of a foaming agent in the reaction system. The polyurethane can be used in a variety of applications, including construction, transportation, consumer electronics, electrical appliances, clothing, accessories, bags and packaging, etc. Specifically, the polyurethane can be used to produce a base layer and / or a top layer in a synthetic leather product.
[0075] Examples
[0076] The following examples are intended to illustrate this disclosure.
[0077] The materials used in the examples are as follows:
[0078] Post-consumer synthetic leather 1, comprising three layers: a fabric layer of polyethylene terephthalate, a base layer of polyester-based polyurethane, and a top layer of polyurethane. Post-consumer synthetic leather 2, comprising three layers: a fabric layer of polyethylene terephthalate, a base layer of polyether-based polyurethane, and a top layer of polyurethane. Post-consumer synthetic leather 3, comprising five layers: a non-woven fabric layer of polyethylene terephthalate, a soft foam layer of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) -based polyurethane, a fabric layer of polyethylene terephthalate, a base layer of polyether-based polyurethane, and a top layer of polyurethane.
[0079] Polyether polyol PEOL-1, from BASF, based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, with a functionality of 3 and a number-average molecular weight of 5,000 g / mol, and a viscosity of 850 mPa s at 25℃.
[0080] Polyester polyol PESOL-1, based on adipic acid, butylene glycol and ethylene glycol, with a hydroxyl value of 56 mgKOH / g and a number-average molecular weight of 2,000 g / mol, being a waxy solid at 25℃, from BASF.
[0081] Polyester polyol PESOL-2, based on adipic acid and diethylene glycol, with a hydroxyl value of 112 mgKOH / g and a number-average molecular weight of 1,000 g / mol, and a viscosity of 1, 864 mPa s at 25℃, from BASF.
[0082] Polyester polyol PESOL-3, based on adipic acid, glycerol and diethylene glycol, with a hydroxyl value of 56 mgKOH / g, a number-average molecular weight of 2,500 g / mol, a functionality of 2.5, and a viscosity of 20,000 mPa s at 25℃, from BASF.
[0083] Measurement and test methods
[0084] The measurement and test methods are shown in Table 1.
[0085] The instantaneous peel strength of synthetic leather was measured just after it was peeled from release paper after curing. The second peel strength of synthetic leather was the peel strength measured 24 hours after curing of the synthetic leather. The test includes sample preparation and was completed within 20 minutes.
[0086] A ThermoFisher TRACE 1300 GC system with a POROSTM R1 10μm column was used to determine the amine content by GCMS. The carrier gas was helium. The injection temperature was 200℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL. The flow rate was 1 mL / min and the split ratio was 1: 5. The flame ionization detector temperature was 290℃.
[0087] Quantitative NMR was used to determine the content of elemental nitrogen and terephthalic acid structural units from isocyanate in the recycled content-based mixture. The content of elemental nitrogen from isocyanate was calculated from the content of methylene in the diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) -based polyurethane and / or polyurea structure; the content of methylene was determined according to a 13C signal with a chemical shift of 40.0-42.0 ppm. The content of the terephthalate structural unit was determined according to a 13C signal with a chemical shift of 165.0-167.0 ppm.
[0088] Content of elemental nitrogen and content of terephthalic acid structural unit from isocyanate in recycled polyol: Approximately 200 mg of a recycled polyol liquid sample was added to a 10 mL sample bottle; at the same time, approximately 5 mg of chromium (III) acetyl acetonate and approximately 5 mg of 1, 3, 5-trimethoxybenzene were added, the latter as an internal standard. The mass of the sample and internal standard should be recorded to a precision of 0.01 mg. Approximately 600 ml of deuterated acetone was added to dissolve the sample and internal standard. The resulting mixture was transferred to a 5 mm NMR tube. If insoluble particles were present in the mixture, the sample bottle was washed with an additional 100 ml of deuterated acetone, and the residue in the sample bottle was transferred to ensure full sampling. The contents of the NMR tube should be thoroughly mixed by shaking or vortex mixing. A quantitative carbon NMR spectroscopy experiment was performed on a BRUKER 600 MHz spectrometer, using the following parameters: Pulse sequence zg30, 2048 scans, waiting time D1 was 6 seconds, sampling data point was set to 65536. Phase correction and baseline correction were performed to realize accurate integration. The methyl carbon spectral shift of the solvent acetone was calibrated at 29.84 ppm.
[0089] After identifying the peaks respectively corresponding to methylene in the MDI-based polyurethane and / or polyurea structure and to the internal standard, the sample mass, the internal standard mass, and the peak area ratio of methylene in the MDI-based polyurethane and / or polyurea structure relative to the internal standard were used to calculate the content of methylene in the recycled polyol sample. Two parallel experiments were carried out, and the difference between the results should be less than 7%. The content of elemental nitrogen from isocyanate was calculated, based on the content of methylene and the correspondence whereby 1 methylene corresponds to 2 nitrogen atoms.
[0090] After identifying the peaks respectively corresponding to the carbonyl carbon atoms in the terephthalate structure and the internal standard, the sample mass, the internal standard mass, and the peak area ratio of the carbonyl carbon atoms in the terephthalate structure relative to the internal standard were used to calculate the content of the terephthalic acid structural unit in the recycled polyol sample, based on free terephthalic acid, i.e. C6H4 (COOH) 2. Two parallel experiments were carried out, and the difference between the results should be less than 7%. The two carbonyl carbon atoms correspond to one terephthalic acid molecule.
[0091] If further determination is required, the carbonyl carbon atom signal and the methylene carbon atom signal in the MDI-based polyurethane and / or polyurea structure mentioned here should form a correlated peak in the 1 H-13C heteronuclear multi-carbon correlation spectrum (1 H-13C HMBC) with the hydrogen atom with a chemical shift of 7.0-8.5 ppm in the 1 H spectrum.
[0092] Table 1: Measurement and test standards
[0093] Degradation of synthetic leather
[0094] Post-consumer synthetic leather from discarded sofas was cut up into fragments. Post-consumer synthetic leather 1 was based on polyester polyol; post-consumer synthetic leathers 2 and 3 were based on polyether polyol. Most of the fragments had a complete layered structure, and the size of the fragments was about 3 cm x 3 cm x 1.1 mm. These fragments were mixed with the liquid preparations listed in Table 2 to form a reaction system. Next, the reaction system was put in a flask, and heated for 8 hours at 230℃ in a nitrogen protection atmosphere. When heating ended, a brown or dark-colored viscous mixture was obtained. Nine recycling examples were performed, labeled RE 1 to RE 9. The weights of the synthetic leather fragments and the liquid preparations and the degradation temperatures are given in Table 2. A sodium hydroxide catalyst was added in the form of an aqueous solution to the reaction system of RE 9. Nine recycling mixtures were obtained (PD 1 to PD 9) . PD 1 to PD 5 and PD 7 to PD 9 appeared as suspensions, with generally few solid particles; the liquid phase of PD 6 contained flakes with dimensions greater than 1 cm x 1 cm. Their characteristics were tested. The viscosity of PD 6 could not be measured. Since PD 9 contained a large amount of free amine sufficient to interfere with hydroxyl value determination, the hydroxyl value titration experiment was abandoned.
[0095] As can be seen from Table 2, when the degrading agent contains only polyether polyol with no polyester polyol, the system obtained after heating has separate solid and liquid phases; a uniform mixture can be obtained by heating synthetic leather fragments with a degrading agent containing polyester polyol. Comparing RE 4 and RE 9, if the reaction system contains an alkali metal hydroxide, even if the amount added is low (the amount added in RE 9 is 0.24 wt%of total reactants) , a large amount of diamine is produced due to the catalytic effect of the alkali. Comparing RE 2 and RE 5, it was found that replacing some of polyester polyol PESOL-2 with low-viscosity and non-reactive polyether polyol PEOL-1 can effectively reduce the viscosity of the end product.
[0096] The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and NMR analysis of PD 1 to PD 5, PD 7 and PD 8 showed that the sample of PD 1 contained the structure as represented by formula 11, and the samples of PD 2 to PD 5, PD 7 and PD 8 all contained the structure as represented by formula 12. This indicates that the degrading agent underwent a transesterification reaction with poly (ethylene terephthalate) in the synthetic leather.
Claims
1.A recycled content-based mixture, comprising:a hydroxyl-terminated copolyester, containing a C4-C12 dicarboxylic acid group structure as represented by formula 1 and a diol group structure as represented by formula 2, wherein Q is C2-C10 hydrocarbylene, R is C2-C20 hydrocarbylene, and-O-R-O- formula 2; andat least one of the following:a dispersed polyurethane or polyurea; anda hydroxyl-terminated carbamate or urea,wherein the recycled content-based mixture comprises 1.0 wt%-20.0 wt%of a terephthalic acid structural unit, calculated as C6H4 (COOH) 2 based on quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.2.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 1, further comprising hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric ethylene terephthalate.3.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recycled content-based mixture comprises a diamine at a content less than 0.3 wt%, preferably less than 0.06 wt%, based on the total weight of the recycled content-based mixture, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.4.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 3, wherein the diamine is selected from toluenediamine, methylene diphenylamine, naphthalene diamine, isophorone diamine, hexamethylene diamine, pentamethylene diamine, methylene bis (cyclohexylamine) and any combination thereof.5.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recycled content-based mixture has a total hydroxyl value of 20-250 mgKOH / g, preferably 40-120 mgKOH / g, and more preferably 40-100 mgKOH / g.6.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a polyether polyol with a number-average molecular weight of 1, 000-10, 000 g / mol.7.The recycled content-based mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recycled content-based mixture comprises 0.01 wt%-1.50 wt%of elemental nitrogen from isocyanate, the elemental nitrogen from isocyanate being present in carbamate bonds and / or urea bonds, calculated on the basis of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurement.7.A method, comprising:(a) breaking up synthetic leather into multiple fragments;(b) mixing at least a portion of the fragments with a degrading agent to form a reaction mixture;(c) heating the reaction mixture at a temperature of 180℃-260℃; and(d) obtaining a recycled content-based mixture from the heated reaction mixture,wherein the synthetic leather comprises a poly (ethylene terephthalate) fabric layer, a base layer and a top layer, at least one of the base layer and the top layer being made of polyurethane, the degrading agent comprises a polyester polyol, andin step (c) , the reaction mixture is heated in the absence of a catalyst.8.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the multiple fragments obtained in step (a) , the fabric layer and the base layer are essentially not separated from one another.9.The method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:(e) reacting the recycled content-based mixture with a polyisocyanate to produce a polyurethane.10.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein for each kilogram of fragments in step (b) , 0.5-100 kg, preferably 1.2-10 kg, and more preferably 1.5-3 kg of the degrading agent is added.11.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the weight content of the polyester polyol in the degrading agent is 10%to 100%; preferably 20%to 100%; more preferably 30%to 100%; and further preferably 40%to 100%.12.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyester polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 300 to 6, 000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 3, 000 g / mol, and more preferably 1,000 to 2, 500 g / mol.13.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyester polyol has an average functionality of 1.8 to 3.2.14.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the degrading agent comprises a polyether polyol with a number-average molecular weight of 1, 000 to 10, 000 g / mol.15.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the reaction mixture is heated for at least one hour in step (c) ; preferably, the reaction mixture is heated for 1 to 48 hours in step (c) ; more preferably, the reaction mixture is heated for 2 to 24 hours in step (c) .16.The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step (c) , the reaction mixture is heated in a protective atmosphere.17.A polyurethane, prepared from a reaction system comprising an isocyanate and the recycled content-based mixture as claimed in any one of claims 1 -6.