Antibodies binding CDH6 and uses thereof
A novel anti-CDH6 antibody with enhanced binding and internalization properties addresses the limitations of existing ADCs, offering improved cancer treatment and diagnostic capabilities.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BIOSION INC
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Current anti-CDH6 antibodies used in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) face limitations in binding capability, internalization rate, and cytotoxicity, leading to unpredictable neurotoxicity and reduced efficacy in treating CDH6+ cancers.
Development of a novel anti-CDH6 antibody with enhanced binding capability and internalization rate, characterized by specific VH and VL CDR sequences, which can be used in ADCs to target CDH6+ cancer cells effectively.
The novel anti-CDH6 antibody demonstrates higher binding activity and cytotoxicity against CDH6+ cancer cells, showing improved in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy compared to existing antibodies, with potential applications in cancer treatment and diagnosis.
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Figure PCTCN2026074542-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2026074542-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ANTIBODIES BINDING CDH6 AND USES THEREOF
[0001] This application claims priority to the international patent application PCT / CN2025 / 074584 filed January 24, 2025.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to an antibody, particularly a mouse, chimeric or humanized monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, that is able to specifically bind to CDH6, with high functionality. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, an expression vector, a host cell and a method for expressing the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof are also provided. The present disclosure further provides an immunoconjugate comprising the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, as well as a treatment method using the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the immunoconjugate of the disclosure.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Cadherins are a group of proteins that mediate homophilic calcium-dependent cell adhesion and play a role in regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis (Casal JI, BartoloméRA. (2019) Beyond N-Cadherin, Relevance of Cadherins 5, 6 and 17 in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci. 20 (13) : 3373) . More than 300 cadherins have been reported, some are found in various tissues, and others, such as cadherin-6 (CDH6) , are tissue specific.
[0004] Cadherin-6, also known as kidney cadherin or K-cadherin, drives the mesenchymal-epithelial differentiation during development of the embryonic kidney, but is rarely found in adult kidney. It is a transmembrane protein, having a large cytoplasmic domain for interaction with catenin molecules, and five extracellular (EC) domains. The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in the EC1 domain is critical for posterior integrin pathway activation in cancer metastatic cells, and the His-Ala-Val (HAV) motif in the EC5 domain is for stabilization and clustering of adjacent monomers.
[0005] CDH6 is aberrantly activated in solid cancers originating from developmentally related mullerian, renal and thyroid lineages as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, where EMT has been recognized as a critical process in tumor progression that allows tumor cells to migrate (Casal JI, Bartolomé RA. (2019) Supra; Liu GY, et al., (2023) The GLI2 / CDH6 axis enhances migration, invasion and mitochondrial fission of stomach adenocarcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 676: 182-189) . CDH6 overexpression can enhance tumor invasion and increase mitochondrial fission, and the higher CDH6 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (Liu GY, et al., (2023) Supra) . In papillary thyroid carcinomas, CDH6 restrains autophagy and promotes re-organization of mitochondrial network, and is strongly associated with metastatic behavior and worse outcome (Gugnoni M, et al., (2017) Cadherin-6 promotes EMT and cancer metastasis by restraining autophagy. Oncogene. 36 (5) : 667-677) . Studies also showed frequent elevated mRNA expression of CDH6 gene in ovarian serous carcinoma, and extensive expression in renal clear cell and papillary carcinoma, and thyroid cancer (Bialucha CU, et al., (2017) Discovery and Optimization of HKT288, a Cadherin-6-Targeting ADC for the Treatment of Ovarian and Renal Cancers. Cancer Discov. 7 (9) : 1030-1045) .
[0006] Due to CDH6’s restricted expression on malignant cells, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting CDH6 have been or are being developed. For example, HKT288 is a first-in-class CDH6-directed ADC with a fully human IgG1κ antibody NOV0712 conjugated to maytansine derived payload via a hindered disulfide-based linker. In its phase I clinical trial, stable disease was achieved in several patients. However, the clinical trial was terminated later due to the unpredicted and uncertain neurotoxicity ( P et al., (2021) A Phase 1 Study of a CDH6-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors with Evaluation of Inflammatory and Neurological Adverse Events. Oncol Res Treat 44 (10) : 547-556) . Another ADC, DS-6000 (Raludotatug deruxtecan) , consisting of exatecan derivative DXd connected to anti-CDH6 hG019-H1L2 via a cleavable linker, can specifically bind to cell-surface CDH6 and be rapidly internalized into the lysosomes. It has been tested for its safety and efficacy in preclinical studies (Suzuki H et al., (2024) Raludotatug Deruxtecan, a CDH6-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate with a DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor DXd, Is Efficacious in Human Ovarian and Kidney Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 23 (3) : 257-271) . According to the preliminary efficacy data presented during the 2023 ESMO Congress, DS-600 achieved overall response rate (ORR) of 46%in efficacy-evaluable patients, with 1 complete response and 22 partial responses.
[0007] Despite of the advancement in this field, the choice for the patients is limited so far. There is a need for additional anti-CDH6 antibodies with enhanced pharmaceutical characteristics.
[0008] Citation or identification of any document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The inventors of the application have found an anti-CDH6 antibody, which, as a candidate for making ADCs, exhibited high CDH6 binding capability and high internalization rate. Particularly, the anti-CDH6 antibody of the disclosure showed higher binding activity, including lower EC50 and much higher Bmax (maximum binding) , to the recombinant CDH6 protein than hG019-H1L2, the antibody part of DS-6000. When conjugated to DXd, an exatecan derivative cytotoxin, this antibody of the disclosure showed a bit higher in vitro cytotoxicity against CDH6+ cancer cells, as revealed by lower IC50, and higher in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in CDH6+ cancer-bearing mice, especially at lower doses, than hG019-H1L2.
[0010] The anti-CDH6 antibody of the disclosure bound to CDH6+ cancer cells at much lower binding levels than NOV0712, the antibody part of HKT288, in vitro, as shown in the Examples below, probably due to its quick internalization into the CDH6+ cancer cells. NOV0712 was found to have lower internalization activity than hG019-H1L2 and thus lower cytotoxicity against CDH6+ cells (see WO2018 / 212136) . Its failure in the clinical trial may be to some extent linked to its long-time retention on the cell surface, making the corresponding ADC less cytotoxic to target cells and causing adverse effect on surrounding normal cells for some unknown reason.
[0011] Generally, the anti-CDH6 antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure i) has comparable, if not higher, binding capability to the human or rhesus monkey CDH6, and ii) can bind CDH6-expressing cells and be internalized by CDH6-expressing cells at comparable, if not higher, rate, as compared to prior art anti-CDH6 antibodies such as hG019-H1L2, the antibody moiety of the DS-6000a.
[0012] The antibody or antigen-binding portion of the disclosure can be used for a variety of applications, including detection of human CDH6 proteins in vitro, and treatment of diseases associated with CDH6 expression, such as cancers.
[0013] Accordingly, in one aspect, the disclosure pertains to an antibody (e.g., a mouse, chimeric or humanized antibody) , or an antigen-binding portion thereof, that is able to bind CDH6 (e.g., human CDH6 or monkey CDH6) , comprising (i) a heavy chain variable region that may comprise a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2 and a VH CDR3, wherein the VH CDR1, the VH CDR2 and the VH CDR3 may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 (X1=N, X2=T; X1=G, X2=T; X1=S, X2=T; X1=A, X2=T; X1=N, X2=V; or X1=N, X2=G) and 3, respectively; and / or (ii) a light chain variable region that may comprise a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2 and a VL CDR3, wherein the VL CDR1, the VL CDR2 and the VL CDR3 may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively.
[0014] The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present disclosure may comprise a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, wherein the VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2 and VL CDR3 may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 (X1=N, X2=T; X1=G, X2=T; X1=S, X2=T; X1=A, X2=T; X1=N, X2=V; or X1=N, X2=G) , 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.
[0015] The heavy chain variable region may comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 7 or 8 (X1=G, X2=T; X1=S, X2=T; X1=A, X2=T; X1=N, X2=V; or X1=N, X2=G) .
[0016] The light chain variable region may comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 9 or 10.
[0017] The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present disclosure may comprise a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to (1) SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9, respectively; or (2) SEQ ID NOs: 8 (X1=G, X2=T; X1=S, X2=T; X1=A, X2=T; X1=N, X2=V; or X1=N, X2=G) and 10, respectively.
[0018] The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present disclosure may comprise a heavy chain and a light chain linked by disulfide bonds, the heavy chain may comprise a heavy chain variable region and a heavy chain constant region, the light chain may comprise a light chain variable region and a light chain constant region, wherein the C terminus of the heavy chain variable region is linked to the N terminus of the heavy chain constant region, and the C terminus of the light chain variable region is linked to the N terminus of the light chain constant region, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region may comprise amino acid sequences described above, and the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof binds specifically to CDH6.
[0019] The heavy chain constant region may be with or without FcR and / or complement system protein binding affinity. The heavy chain constant region may be IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 heavy chain constant region, or a functional fragment thereof, such as the Fc fragment. In certain embodiments, the heavy chain constant region may be with weak or without FcR and / or complement system protein binding affinity. The heavy chain constant region may be with FcRn binding affinity, especially with enhanced FcRn binding affinity. In certain embodiments, the heavy chain constant region may be human heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of e.g., SEQ ID NO: 13 or 14, or mouse heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11, or a functional fragment thereof. The light chain constant region may be kappa constant region, such as human kappa light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of e.g., SEQ ID NO: 15, or mouse kappa light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, or a functional fragment thereof.
[0020] The antibody of the present disclosure in certain embodiments may comprise or consist of two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain may comprise the heavy chain constant region, heavy chain variable region or CDR sequences mentioned above, and each light chain may comprise the light chain constant region, light chain variable region or CDR sequences mentioned above, wherein the antibody binds to CDH6. The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the present disclosure in other embodiments may be a single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, or antibody fragments, such as Fab or F (ab’) 2 fragments.
[0021] The disclosure also provides a bispecific molecule that may comprise the antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, linked to a second functional moiety (e.g., a second antibody) having a different binding specificity than said antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof. The antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the present disclosure can be made into part of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) . Also provided is an immune cell that may comprise the antigen chimeric receptor, such as a T cell and a NK cell. The antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the present disclosure can also be encoded by or used in conjunction with an oncolytic virus.
[0022] The disclosure also provides an immunoconjugate, such as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , that may comprise an antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, linked to a therapeutic agent, such as a cytotoxin, with or without a linker.
[0023] The cytotoxin may be a chemical entity, e.g., DXd having the structure of formula I,
[0024] The chemical entity may be linked to the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure via a linker. The linker may be a cleavable linker, such as MC-GGFG. The MC-GGFG-DXd construct may comprise the structure of formula II,
[0025] The disclosure further provides a nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure, as well as an expression vector comprising such a nucleic acid molecule and a host cell comprising such an expression vector or having the nucleic acid molecule integrated into its genome. A method for preparing the anti-CDH6 antibody or antigen binding portion thereof using the host cell of the disclosure is provided, comprising steps of (i) expressing the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof in the host cell, and (ii) isolating the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof from the host cell or its cell culture.
[0026] The disclosure provides a composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, the bispecific molecule, the immunoconjugate, the immune cell carrying the CAR, the oncolytic virus, the nucleic acid molecule, the expression vector, or the host cell of the disclosure. The composition may be a pharmaceutical composition, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may further contain a therapeutic agent for treating a specific disease, such as an anti-tumor agent.
[0027] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for treating a disease associated with CDH6 expression in a subject in need thereof, which may comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of the present disclosure.
[0028] The disease may be a CDH6+ tumor or cancer, including, but not limited to, fallopian tube carcinoma, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. In certain embodiments, the subject is human.
[0029] The disclosure may provide a method for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and / or prognosis of a cancer associated with CDH6 expression in a subject in need thereof, comprising i) collecting a sample from the subject, and ii) detecting the presence or expression level of CDH6 using the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure, wherein the presence or increased expression level of CDH6 may indicate the subject may be with a cancer, with disease progression, or with bad outcome. In certain embodiments, the subject is human.
[0030] The disclosure also provides the use of the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, or the composition of the disclosure in diagnosis, disease monitoring, prognosis, or treatment of a disease associated with CDH6 expression, or in preparation of a medicament for treating a disease associated with CDH6 expression. In certain embodiments, the disease is a cancer.
[0031] Other features and advantages of the instant disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description and examples, which should not be construed as limiting. The contents of all references, Genbank entries, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] The following detailed description, given by way of example, but not intended to limit the invention solely to the specific embodiments described, may best be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0033] FIG. 1 shows the binding capability of the antibodies of the disclosure to human CDH6 in a capture ELISA.
[0034] FIG. 2 shows the binding capability of the antibodies of the disclosure to rhesus monkey CDH6 in a capture ELISA.
[0035] FIG. 3 shows the binding capability of the antibodies of the disclosure to human CDH6-expressing CHOK1 cells in a cell based binding FACS assay.
[0036] FIG. 4 shows the ability of the antibody-drug conjugates of the disclosure to induce internalization-mediated cytotoxicity against PA-1 cells.
[0037] FIG. 5 shows the ability of the antibody-drug conjugates of the disclosure to induce internalization-mediated cytotoxicity against OVCAR-3 cells.
[0038] FIG. 6 shows the binding capability of the humanized and CDR-modified antibodies of the disclosure to monkey CDH6 in a capture ELISA.
[0039] FIG. 7 shows the binding capability of the humanized and CDR-modified antibodies of the disclosure to human CDH6 in a capture ELISA.
[0040] FIG. 8 shows the binding capability of the humanized and CDR-modified antibodies of the disclosure to human CDH6-expressing CHOK1 cells in a cell based binding FACS assay.
[0041] FIG. 9 shows the binding capability of the humanized and CDR-modified antibodies of the disclosure to human CDH6-expressing OVCAR-3 cells in a cell based binding FACS assay.
[0042] FIG. 10 shows the ability of the humanized and CDR-modified antibodies of the disclosure to block benchmark-human CDH6 binding in a competitive ELISA.
[0043] FIG. 11 shows the ability of the antibody-drug conjugates of the disclosure to induce internalization-mediated cytotoxicity against PA-1 cells.
[0044] FIG. 12 is the schematic diagram of the structure of antibody-MC-GGFG-DXd constructs.
[0045] FIG. 13 shows the average tumor size in each group of tumor-bearing mice during the test with ADC treatment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0046] To ensure that the present disclosure may be more readily understood, certain terms are first defined. Additional definitions are set forth throughout the detailed description.
[0047] The term “CDH6” refers to cadherin-6, also known as kidney cadherin or K-cadherin. The term “human CDH6” refers to a CDH6 protein having the amino acid sequence from human, such as the amino acid sequence of human CDH6 having a Uniprot number of P55285. The term “rhesus monkey CDH6” refer to CDH6 protein having the amino acid sequence from rhesus monkey, such as the amino acid sequence of rhesus monkey CDH6 having a Uniprot number of G7MUQ7.
[0048] The term “antibody” as used herein refers to an immunoglobulin molecule that recognizes and specifically binds a target, such as CDH6, through at least one antigen-binding site wherein the antigen-binding site is usually within the variable region of the immunoglobulin molecule. As used herein, the term encompasses intact polyclonal antibodies, intact monoclonal antibodies, single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies, heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) , light chain antibodies (LCAbs) , multispecific antibodies, bispecific antibodies, monospecific antibodies, monovalent antibodies, fusion proteins comprising an antigen-binding site of an antibody, and any other modified immunoglobulin molecule comprising an antigen-binding site (e.g., dual variable domain immunoglobulin molecules) as long as the antibodies exhibit the desired biological activity. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, mouse antibodies, humanized antibodies, and human antibodies. An antibody can be any of the five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, or subclasses (isotypes) thereof (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) , based on the identity of their heavy-chain constant domains referred to as alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, and mu, respectively. The different classes of immunoglobulins have different and well-known subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations. Antibodies can be naked or conjugated to other molecules, including but not limited to, toxins and radioisotopes. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, the term “antibody” as used herein include “antigen-binding portion” of the intact antibodies. An IgG is a glycoprotein which may comprise two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain may be comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region may be comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain may be comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region may be comprised of one domain, CL. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR) , interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR) . Each VH and VL is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. The constant regions of the antibodies can mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (C1q) of the classical complement system. A “functional fragment” of a heavy chain constant region refers to a part of the heavy chain constant region that retains the ability to e.g., bind to host tissues or factors or to prolong antibody’s half-life. A “functional fragment” of a light chain constant region refers to a part of the light chain constant region that retains the ability to e.g., stabilize antibody structure.
[0049] The term “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody (or simply “antibody portion” ) , as used herein, refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen (e.g., a CDH6 protein) . It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody. Examples of binding fragments encompassed within the term “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains; (ii) a F (ab') 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment which may comprise two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341: 544-546) , which consists of a VH domain; (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) ; and (viii) a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region containing a single variable domain and two constant domains. Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH, are coded by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain Fv (scFv) ) . Such single chain antibodies are also intended to be encompassed within the term “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody. These antibody fragments are obtained using conventional techniques known to those with skill in the art, and the fragments are screened for utility in the same manner as are intact antibodies.
[0050] An “isolated antibody” , as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds a CDH6 protein is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than CDH6 proteins) . An isolated antibody that specifically binds a human CDH6 protein may, however, have cross-reactivity to other antigens, such as CDH6 proteins from other species. Moreover, an isolated antibody can be substantially free of other cellular material and / or chemicals.
[0051] The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations and / or post-translation modifications (e.g., isomerizations, amidations) that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. In contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes) , each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they are synthesized by the hybridoma culture, uncontaminated by other immunoglobulins.
[0052] The term “mouse antibody” , as used herein, is intended to include antibodies having variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from mouse germline immunoglobulin sequences. Furthermore, if the antibody contains a constant region, the constant region also is derived from mouse germline immunoglobulin sequences. The mouse antibodies of the disclosure can include amino acid residues not encoded by mouse germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo) . However, the term “mouse antibody” , as used herein, is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species have been grafted onto mouse framework sequences.
[0053] The term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody made by combining genetic material from a nonhuman source with genetic material from a human being. Or more generally, a chimeric antibody is an antibody having genetic material from a certain species with genetic material from another species.
[0054] The term “humanized antibody” , as used herein, refers to an antibody from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to increase similarity to antibody variants produced naturally in humans.
[0055] The term "isotype" refers to the antibody class (e.g., IgM or IgG1) that is encoded by the heavy chain constant region genes.
[0056] As used herein, an antibody that “specifically binds to human CDH6” is intended to refer to an antibody that binds to human CDH6 protein (and possibly a CDH6 protein from one or more non-human species) but does not substantially bind to non-CDH6 proteins.
[0057] The term “EC50” , also known as half maximal effective concentration, refers to the concentration of an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time.
[0058] The term “IC50” , also known as half maximal inhibitory concentration, refers to the concentration of an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof which inhibits a specific biological or biochemical function by 50%relative to the absence of the antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof.
[0059] The term "identity" as used in the present invention refers to sequence similarity between two polynucleotide sequences or between two amino acid sequences. The percent identity can be measured using sequence comparison software or algorithms or by visual inspection. Various algorithms and software that can be used to obtain alignments of amino acid or nucleotide sequences are well-known in the art. These include, but are not limited to, BLAST, ALIGN, Megalign, BestFit, GCG Wisconsin Package, and variants thereof.
[0060] The term “subject” includes any human or nonhuman animal. The term “nonhuman animal” includes all vertebrates, e.g., mammals and non-mammals, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows, horses, chickens, amphibians, and reptiles, although mammals are preferred, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows and horses.
[0061] The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of the antibody or the antigen binding portion of the present disclosure sufficient to prevent or ameliorate the symptoms associated with a disease or condition (such as cancers) and / or lessen the severity of the disease or condition. A therapeutically effective amount is understood to be in context to the condition being treated, where the actual effective amount is readily discerned by those of skill in the art.
[0062] Various aspects of the disclosure are described below in further detail.
[0063] The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure specifically binds to human and rhesus monkey CDH6 and has i) higher binding capability to human and rhesus monkey CDH6, ii) binds cells expressing human CDH6 with high specificity, and / or iii) is able to be internalized by CDH6-expressing cells, at comparable, if not higher, rate, as compared to prior art anti-CDH6 antibodies such as hG019-H1L2, the antibody moiety of the DS-6000a. The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be mouse, chimeric or humanized.
[0064] The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure is structurally and chemically characterized below. The amino acid sequence ID numbers of the heavy / light chain variable regions and CDRs of the antibodies or antigen binding portions thereof of the disclosure are summarized in Table 1 below, some antibodies sharing the same VH or VL.
[0065] The heavy chain variable region CDRs and the light chain variable region CDRs in Table 1 have been defined by the Kabat numbering system. However, as is well known in the art, CDR regions can also be determined by other systems such as Chothia, and IMGT, AbM, or Contact numbering system / method, based on heavy chain / light chain variable region sequences. Table 1. Amino acid sequence ID numbers of heavy / light chain variable regions and CDRs
[0066] The VH and VL sequences (or CDR sequences) of other anti-CDH6 antibodies which bind to human CDH6 can be “mixed and matched” with the VH and VL sequences (or CDR sequences) of the anti-CDH6 antibody of the present disclosure. Preferably, when VH and VL chains (or the CDRs within such chains) are mixed and matched, a VH sequence from a particular VH / VL pairing is replaced with a structurally similar VH sequence. Likewise, preferably a VL sequence from a particular VH / VL pairing is replaced with a structurally similar VL sequence.
[0067] Accordingly, in one embodiment, an antibody of the disclosure, or an antigen binding portion thereof, may comprise: (a) a heavy chain variable region which may comprise an amino acid sequence listed above in Table 1; and (b) a light chain variable region which may comprise an amino acid sequence listed above in Table 1, or the VL of another Anti-CDH6 antibody, wherein the antibody specifically binds human CDH6.
[0068] In another embodiment, an antibody of the disclosure, or an antigen binding portion thereof, may comprise: (a) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 regions of the heavy chain variable region listed above in Table 1; and (b) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 regions of the light chain variable region listed above in Table 1 or the CDRs of another anti-CDH6 antibody, wherein the antibody specifically binds human CDH6.
[0069] In yet another embodiment, the antibody, or antigen binding portion thereof, includes the heavy chain variable CDR2 region of anti-CDH6 antibody combined with CDRs of other antibodies which bind human CDH6, e.g., CDR1 and / or CDR3 from the heavy chain variable region, and / or CDR1, CDR2, and / or CDR3 from the light chain variable region of a different anti-CDH6 antibody.
[0070] In addition, it is well known in the art that the CDR3 domain, independently from the CDR1 and / or CDR2 domain (s) , alone can determine the binding specificity of an antibody for a cognate antigen and that multiple antibodies can predictably be generated having the same binding specificity based on a common CDR3 sequence.
[0071] Accordingly, in another embodiment, antibodies of the disclosure may comprise the CDR2 of the heavy chain variable region of the anti-CDH6 antibody and at least the CDR3 of the heavy and / or light chain variable region of the anti-CDH6 antibody, or the CDR3 of the heavy and / or light chain variable region of another anti-CDH6 antibody, wherein the antibody is capable of specifically binding to human CDH6. These antibodies preferably (a) compete for binding with CDH6; (b) retain the functional characteristics; (c) bind to the same epitope; and / or (d) have a similar binding affinity as the anti-CDH6 antibody of the present disclosure. In yet another embodiment, the antibodies further may comprise the CDR2 of the light chain variable region of the anti-CDH6 antibody, or the CDR2 of the light chain variable region of another anti-CDH6 antibody, wherein the antibody is capable of specifically binding to human CDH6. In another embodiment, the antibodies of the disclosure may include the CDR1 of the heavy and / or light chain variable region of the anti-CDH6 antibody, or the CDR1 of the heavy and / or light chain variable region of another anti-CDH6 antibody, wherein the antibody is capable of specifically binding to human CDH6.
[0072] In another embodiment, an antibody of the disclosure may comprise a heavy and / or light chain variable region sequences of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences which differ from those of the anti-CDH6 antibodies of the present disclosure by one or more conservative modifications. It is understood in the art that certain conservative sequence modification can be made which do not remove antigen binding.
[0073] As used herein, the term “conservative sequence modifications” is intended to refer to amino acid modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the binding characteristics of the antibody containing the amino acid sequence. Such conservative modifications include amino acid substitutions, additions and deletions. Modifications can be introduced into an antibody of the disclosure by standard techniques known in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis and PCR-mediated mutagenesis. Conservative amino acid substitutions are ones in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Thus, one or more amino acid residues within the CDR regions of an antibody of the disclosure can be replaced with other amino acid residues from the same side chain family and the altered antibody can be tested for retained function (i.e., the functions set forth above) using the functional assays described herein.
[0074] Antibodies of the disclosure can be prepared using an antibody having one or more of the VH / VL sequences of the anti-CDH6 antibody of the present disclosure as the starting material to engineer a modified antibody. An antibody can be engineered by modifying one or more residues within one or both variable regions (i.e., VH and / or VL) , for example within one or more CDR regions and / or within one or more framework regions. Additionally or alternatively, an antibody can be engineered by modifying residues within the constant region (s) , for example to alter the effector function (s) of the antibody.
[0075] Another type of variable region modification is to mutate amino acid residues within the VH and / or VL CDR1, CDR2 and / or CDR3 regions to thereby improve one or more binding properties (e.g., affinity) of the antibody of interest. Site-directed mutagenesis or PCR-mediated mutagenesis can be performed to introduce the mutation (s) and the effect on antibody binding, or other functional property of interest, can be evaluated in in vitro or in vivo assays as known in the art. Preferably conservative modifications (as known in the art) are introduced. The mutations can be amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions, but are preferably substitutions. Moreover, typically no more than one, two, three, four or five residues within a CDR region are altered.
[0076] Accordingly, in another embodiment, the disclosure provides isolated anti-CDH6 monoclonal antibodies, or antigen binding portions thereof, which may comprise a heavy chain variable region that may comprise: (a) a VH CDR1 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (b) a VH CDR2 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (c) a VH CDR3 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (d) a VL CDR1 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (e) a VL CDR2 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; and (f) a VL CDR3 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions.
[0077] Engineered antibodies of the disclosure include those in which modifications have been made to framework residues within VH and / or VL, e.g. to improve the properties of the antibody. An antibody that has undergone somatic mutation can contain framework residues that differ from the germline sequence from which the antibody is derived. Such residues can be identified by comparing the antibody framework sequences to the germline sequences from which the antibody is derived.
[0078] Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework region, or even within one or more CDR regions, to remove T cell epitopes to thereby reduce the potential immunogenicity of the antibody. This approach is also referred to as “deimmunization” and is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20030153043.
[0079] In addition, or as an alternative to modifications made within the framework or CDR regions, antibodies of the disclosure can be engineered to include modifications within the Fc region, typically to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and / or antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an antibody of the disclosure can be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, again to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody.
[0080] In one embodiment, the hinge region of CH1 is modified in such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is altered, e.g., increased or decreased. The number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 is altered to, for example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
[0081] In another embodiment, the Fc hinge region of an antibody is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2-CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody has impaired Staphylococcyl protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,745.
[0082] In still another embodiment, the glycosylation of an antibody is modified. For example, an aglycosylated antibody can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks glycosylation) . Glycosylation can be altered to, for example, increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more sites of glycosylation within the antibody sequence. For example, one or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in elimination of one or more variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site. Such aglycosylation may increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,714,350 and 6,350,861.
[0083] Additionally or alternatively, an antibody can be made that has an altered type of glycosylation, such as a hypofucosylated antibody having reduced amounts of fucosyl residues or an antibody having increased bisecting GlcNac structures. Such altered glycosylation patterns have been demonstrated to increase or reduce the ADCC ability of antibodies. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, expressing the antibody in a host cell with altered glycosylation machinery. Cells with altered glycosylation machinery have been described in the art and can be used as host cells in which to express recombinant antibodies of the disclosure to thereby produce an antibody with altered glycosylation. For example, the cell lines Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 lack the fucosyltransferase gene, FUT8 (α (1, 6) -fucosyltransferase) , such that antibodies expressed in the Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 cell lines lack fucose on their carbohydrates. The Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 FUT8- / -cell lines were created by the targeted disruption of the FUT8 gene in CHO / DG44 cells using two replacement vectors (see U.S. Patent Publication No. 20040110704 and Yamane-Ohnuki et al., (2004) Biotechnol Bioeng 87: 614-22) . As another example, EP 1, 176, 195 describes a cell line with a functionally disrupted FUT8 gene, which encodes a fucosyl transferase, such that antibodies expressed in such a cell line exhibit hypofucosylation by reducing or eliminating the α-1, 6 bond-related enzyme.
[0084] Another modification of the antibodies herein that is contemplated by this disclosure is pegylation. An antibody can be pegylated to, for example, increase the biological (e.g., serum) half-life of the antibody. To pegylate an antibody, the antibody, or fragment thereof, typically is reacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) , such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment. Preferably, the pegylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer) . As used herein, the term “polyethylene glycol” is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (C1-C10) alkoxy-or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide. In certain embodiments, the antibody to be pegylated is an aglycosylated antibody. Methods for pegylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies of the disclosure. See, e.g., EP 0 154 316 and EP 0 401 384.
[0085] For example, antibodies can contain one or more glycosylation sites in either the light or heavy chain variable region. Such glycosylation sites may result in increased immunogenicity of the antibody or an alteration of the pK of the antibody due to altered antigen binding. Glycosylation has been known to occur at motifs containing an N-X-S / T sequence. In some instances, it is preferred to have an anti-CDH6 antibody that does not contain variable region glycosylation. This can be achieved either by selecting antibodies that do not contain the glycosylation motif in the variable region or by mutating residues within the glycosylation region.
[0086] Antibodies of the disclosure can be characterized by their various physical properties, to detect and / or differentiate different classes thereof.
[0087] Each antibody will have a unique isoelectric point (pI) , which generally falls in the pH range between 6 and 9.5. The pI for an IgG1 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 7-9.5 and the pI for an IgG4 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 6-8. There is speculation that antibodies with a pI outside the normal range may have some unfolding and instability under in vivo conditions. Thus, it is preferred to have an anti-CDH6 antibody that contains a pI value that falls in the normal range. This can be achieved either by selecting antibodies with a pI in the normal range or by mutating charged surface residues.
[0088] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a nucleic acid molecule that encodes the heavy and / or light chain variable regions, or CDRs, of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure. The nucleic acid molecule can be present in whole cells, in a cell lysate, or in a partially purified or substantially pure form. A nucleic acid molecule is “isolated” or “rendered substantially pure” when purified away from other cellular components or other contaminants, e.g., other cellular nucleic acids or proteins, by standard techniques. A nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure can be, e.g., DNA or RNA and may or may not contain intronic sequences. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule is a cDNA molecule.
[0089] The nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure can be obtained using standard molecular biology techniques. For antibodies expressed by hybridomas (e.g., hybridomas prepared from transgenic mice carrying human immunoglobulin genes as described further below) , cDNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of the antibody made by the hybridoma can be obtained by standard PCR amplification or cDNA cloning techniques. For antibodies obtained from an immunoglobulin gene library (e.g., using phage display techniques) , a nucleic acid molecule encoding such antibodies can be recovered from the gene library.
[0090] Preferred nucleic acids molecules of the disclosure include those encoding the VH and VL sequences of the CDH6 monoclonal antibody or the CDRs. Once DNA fragments encoding VH and VL segments are obtained, these DNA fragments can be further manipulated by standard recombinant DNA techniques, for example to convert the variable region genes to full-length antibody chain genes, to Fab fragment genes or to a scFv gene. In these manipulations, a VL-or VH-encoding DNA fragment is operatively linked to another DNA fragment encoding another protein, such as an antibody constant region or a flexible linker. The term “operatively linked” , as used in this context, is intended to mean that the two DNA fragments are joined such that the amino acid sequences encoded by the two DNA fragments remain in-frame.
[0091] The isolated DNA encoding the VH region can be converted to a full-length heavy chain gene by operatively linking the VH-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding heavy chain constant regions (CH1, CH2 and CH3) . The sequences of human heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. The heavy chain constant region can be an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD constant region, but most preferably is an IgG4 constant region. For a Fab fragment heavy chain gene, the VH-encoding DNA can be operatively linked to another DNA molecule encoding only the heavy chain CH1 constant region.
[0092] The isolated DNA encoding the VL region can be converted to a full-length light chain gene (as well as a Fab light chain gene) by operatively linking the VL-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding the light chain constant region, CL. The sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known in the art and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. In preferred embodiments, the light chain constant region can be a kappa or lambda constant region.
[0093] To create a scFv gene, the VH-and VL-encoding DNA fragments are operatively linked to another fragment encoding a flexible linker, e.g., encoding the amino acid sequence (Gly4-Ser) 3, such that the VH and VL sequences can be expressed as a contiguous single-chain protein, with the VL and VH regions joined by the flexible linker.
[0094] Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the present disclosure can be produced using the well-known somatic cell hybridization (hybridoma) technique of Kohler and Milstein (1975) Nature 256: 495. Other embodiments for producing monoclonal antibodies include viral or oncogenic transformation of B lymphocytes and phage display techniques. Chimeric or humanized antibodies are also well known in the art.
[0095] Antibodies of the disclosure also can be produced in a host cell transfectoma using, for example, a combination of recombinant DNA techniques and gene transfection methods as is well known in the art. In one embodiment, DNA encoding partial or full-length light and heavy chains obtained by standard molecular biology techniques is inserted into one or more expression vectors such that the genes are operatively linked to transcriptional and translational regulatory sequences. In this context, the term “operatively linked” is intended to mean that an antibody gene is ligated into a vector such that transcriptional and translational control sequences within the vector serve their intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of the antibody gene.
[0096] The term “regulatory sequence” is intended to include promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals) that control the transcription or translation of the antibody genes. Such regulatory sequences are described, e.g., in Goeddel (Gene Expression Technology. Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990) ) . Preferred regulatory sequences for mammalian host cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and / or enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV) , Simian Virus 40 (SV40) , adenovirus, e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP) and polyomavirus enhancer. Alternatively, non-viral regulatory sequences can be used, such as the ubiquitin promoter or β-globin promoter. Still further, regulatory elements composed of sequences from different sources, such as the SRα promoter system, which contains sequences from the SV40 early promoter and the long terminal repeat of human T cell leukemia virus type 1. The expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible with the expression host cell used.
[0097] The antibody light chain gene and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into the same or separate expression vectors. In preferred embodiments, the variable regions are used to create full-length antibody genes of any antibody isotype by inserting them into expression vectors already encoding heavy chain constant and light chain constant regions of the desired isotype such that the VH segment is operatively linked to the CH segment (s) within the vector and the VL segment is operatively linked to the CL segment within the vector. Additionally or alternatively, the recombinant expression vector can encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the antibody chain from a host cell. The antibody chain gene can be cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody chain gene. The signal peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (i.e., a signal peptide from a non-immunoglobulin protein) .
[0098] In addition to the antibody chain genes and regulatory sequences, the recombinant expression vectors of the disclosure can carry additional sequences, such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes. The selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216; 4,634,665 and 5,179,017) . For example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to drugs, such as G418, hygromycin or methotrexate, on a host cell into which the vector has been introduced. Preferred selectable marker genes include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for use in dhfr-host cells with methotrexate selection / amplification) and the neo gene (for G418 selection) .
[0099] For expression of the light and heavy chains, the expression vector (s) encoding the heavy and light chains is transfected into a host cell by standard techniques. The various forms of the term “transfection” are intended to encompass a wide variety of techniques commonly used for the introduction of exogenous DNA into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, e.g., electroporation, calcium-phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection and the like. Although it is theoretically possible to express the antibodies of the disclosure in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, expression of antibodies in eukaryotic cells, and most preferably mammalian host cells, is the most preferred because such eukaryotic cells, and in particular mammalian cells, are more likely than prokaryotic cells to assemble and secrete a properly folded and immunologically active antibody.
[0100] Preferred mammalian host cells for expressing the recombinant antibodies of the disclosure include Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO cells) (including dhfr-CHO cells, used with a DHFR selectable marke) , NSO myeloma cells, COS cells and SP2 cells. In particular for use with NSO myeloma cells, another preferred expression system is the GS gene expression system disclosed in WO 87 / 04462, WO 89 / 01036 and EP 338, 841. When recombinant expression vectors encoding antibody genes are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the host cells or, more preferably, secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods.
[0101] In another aspect, the present disclosure features bispecific molecules which may comprise one or more antibodies of the disclosure linked to at least one other functional molecule, e.g., another peptide or protein (e.g., another antibody or ligand for a receptor) to generate a bispecific molecule that binds to at least two different binding sites or target molecules. Thus, as used herein, “bispecific molecule” includes molecules that have three or more specificities.
[0102] Bispecific molecules may be in many different formats and sizes. At one end of the size spectrum, a bispecific molecule retains the traditional antibody format, except that, instead of having two binding arms of identical specificity, it has two binding arms each having a different specificity. At the other extreme are bispecific molecules consisting of two single-chain antibody fragments (scFv's) linked by a peptide chain, a so-called Bs (scFv) 2 construct. Intermediate-sized bispecific molecules include two different F (ab) fragments linked by a peptidyl linker. Bispecific molecules of these and other formats can be prepared by genetic engineering, somatic hybridization, or chemical methods. See, e.g., Kufer et al, cited supra; Cao and Suresh, Bioconjugate Chemistry, 9 (6) , 635-644 (1998) ; and van Spriel et al., Immunology Today, 21 (8) , 391-397 (2000) , and the references cited therein.
[0103] Antibodies or antigen-binding portions thereof of the disclosure can be conjugated to a therapeutic agent to form an immunoconjugate such as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) . Suitable therapeutic agents include cytotoxins, alkylating agents, DNA minor groove binders, DNA intercalators, DNA crosslinkers, histone deacetylase inhibitors, nuclear export inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, topoisomerase I or II inhibitors, heat shock protein inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibiotics, and anti-mitotic agents. In the ADC, the antibody and therapeutic agent preferably are conjugated via a linker cleavable such as a peptidyl, disulfide, or hydrazone linker. The ADCs can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,087,600; 6,989,452; and 7,129,261; PCT Publications WO 02 / 096910; WO 07 / 038,658; WO 07 / 051,081; WO 07 / 059,404; WO 08 / 083,312; and WO 08 / 103,693; U.S. Patent Publications 20060024317; 20060004081; and 20060247295; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0104] An oncolytic virus preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be used in conjunction with the oncolytic virus. Alternatively, an oncolytic virus encoding the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure can be introduced into human body.
[0105] Also provided herein are a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing an anti-CDH6 scFv, the anti-CDH6 scFv may comprise CDRs and heavy / light chain variable regions described herein.
[0106] The anti-CDH6 CAR may comprise (a) an extracellular antigen binding domain which may comprise an anti-CDH6 scFv; (b) a transmembrane domain; and (c) an intracellular signaling domain.
[0107] The CAR may contain a signal peptide at the N-terminus of the extracellular antigen binding domain that directs the nascent receptor into the endoplasmic reticulum, and a hinge peptide at the N-terminus of the extracellular antigen binding domain that makes the receptor more available for binding. The CAR preferably comprises, at the intracellular signaling domain, a primary intracellular signaling domain and one or more co-stimulatory signaling domains. The mainly used and most effective primary intracellular signaling domain is CD3-zeta cytoplasmic domain which contains ITAMs, the phosphorylation of which results in T cell activation. The co-stimulatory signaling domain may be derived from the co-stimulatory proteins such as CD28, CD137 and OX40. The CARs may further add factors that enhance T cell expansion, persistence, and anti-tumor activity, such as cytokines, and co-stimulatory ligands.
[0108] Also provided are engineered immune effector cells, which may comprise the CAR provided herein. In certain embodiments, the immune effector cell is a T cell, an NK cell, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) , a hematopoietic stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, or an embryonic stem cell. In certain embodiments, the immune effector cell is a T cell.
[0109] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, the immunoconjugate, the bispecific molecule, the CAR-carrying immune cell, the oncolytic virus, the nucleic acid molecule, the expression vector, and / or the host cell of the present disclosure formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition may optionally contain one or more additional pharmaceutically active ingredients, such as an anti-tumor agent, or an agent for immunity enhancement. The pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure may be administered in a combination therapy with, for example, an anti-tumor agent.
[0110] The pharmaceutical composition may comprise any number of excipients. Excipients that can be used include carriers, surface active agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, solid binders, dispersion or suspension aids, solubilizers, colorants, flavoring agents, coatings, disintegrating agents, lubricants, sweeteners, preservatives, isotonic agents, and combinations thereof.
[0111] Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion) . Depending on the route of administration, the active ingredient can be coated in a material to protect it from the action of acids and other natural conditions that may inactivate it. The phrase “parenteral administration” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intra-articular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion. Alternatively, an antibody of the disclosure can be administered via a non-parenteral route, such as a topical, epidermal or mucosal route of administration, e.g., intranasally, orally, vaginally, rectally, sublingually or topically.
[0112] Pharmaceutical compositions can be in the form of sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions. They can also be formulated in a microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration.
[0113] The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the subject being treated and the particular mode of administration and will generally be that amount of the composition which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 0.01%to about 99%of active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0114] Dosage regimens are adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response) . For example, a single bolus can be administered, several divided doses can be administered over time or the dose can be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subjects to be treated; each unit contains a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Alternatively, antibody can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required.
[0115] For administration of the composition, the dosage may range from about 0.0001 to 100 mg / kg. An exemplary treatment regime entails administration once per week.
[0116] A “therapeutically effective dosage” of the composition of the disclosure preferably results in a decrease in severity of disease symptoms, an increase in frequency and duration of disease symptom-free periods, or a prevention of impairment or disability due to the disease affliction. For example, for the treatment of tumor-bearing subjects, a “therapeutically effective dosage” preferably inhibits tumor growth by at least about 20%, more preferably by at least about 40%, even more preferably by at least about 60%, and still more preferably by at least about 80%relative to untreated subjects. A therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic antibody can decrease tumor size, or otherwise ameliorate symptoms in a subject, which is typically a human or can be another mammal.
[0117] The pharmaceutical composition can be a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid.
[0118] In certain embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies or antigen binding portions thereof of the disclosure can be formulated to ensure proper distribution in vivo. For example, to ensure that the therapeutic antibody of the disclosure cross the blood-brain barrier, they can be formulated in liposomes, which may additionally comprise targeting moieties to enhance selective transport to specific cells or organs.
[0119] The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may have numerous in vitro and in vivo utilities involving, for example, treatment of tumors related to CDH6 expression.
[0120] The disclosure provides a method for treating a disease associated with CDH6 expression in a subject in need thereof, which may comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of the present disclosure.
[0121] The disease may be a CDH6 positive tumor or cancer, including, but not limited to, fallopian tube carcinoma, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma.
[0122] The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be used with another agent in a combination therapy. The combination of therapeutic agents discussed herein can be administered concurrently as a single composition in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, or concurrently as separate compositions with each agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the combination of therapeutic agents can be administered sequentially.
[0123] Furthermore, if more than one dose of the combination therapy is administered sequentially, the order of the sequential administration can be reversed or kept in the same order at each time point of administration, sequential administrations can be combined with concurrent administrations, or any combination thereof.
[0124] The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as further limiting. The contents of all figures and all references, Genbank sequences, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.ExamplesExample1. Generation of anti-CDH6 Antibodies UsingHybridomaTechnology Immunization
[0125] Mice were immunized according to the method as described in E Harlow, D. Lane, Antibody: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1998. A recombinant human CDH6-Fc protein (Acrobiosystems Inc., Cat#CA6-H5258) was used as the immunogen, and a recombinant human CDH6-TSA protein (in house made with SEQ ID NO: 22) was used for determining anti-sera titers and for screening hybridomas secreting antigen-specific antibodies.
[0126] Immunizing dosages contained 50 μg recombinant human CDH6-Fc protein per mouse per injection for primary and boost immunizations. To increase the immune response, the complete Freud's adjuvant and incomplete Freud's adjuvant (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA) were used respectively for the primary and boost immunizations. Briefly, the antigen was prepared in PBS or saline with the concentration of 0.4 mg / ml, the calculated amount of the antigen was then added to the desired amount of adjuvant, and the resulting mixture was gently vortexed for 2 minutes to generate a water-in-oil emulsion. The adjuvant-antigen emulsion was then drawn into the proper syringe for animal injection. A total of 50 μg of antigen per mouse was injected in a volume of 150-200 μl. Each animal was immunized, and then boosted for 3 to 4 times depending on the anti-sera titers. Animals with good titers as determined by ELISA were given a final boost by intraperitoneal injection before fusion. Hybridoma fusion and screening
[0127] Cells of murine myeloma cell line (SP2 / 0-Ag14, ATCC#CRL-1581) were cultured to reach the log phase stage right before fusion. Spleen cells from the immunized mice were prepared sterilely and fused with the murine myeloma cells according to the method as described in Kohler G, and Milstein C, "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity, " Nature, 256: 495-497 (1975) . Fused "hybrid cells" were subsequently dispensed into 96-well cell culture plates in DMEM / 20%FCS / HAT medium. Surviving hybridoma colonies were observed under the microscope seven to ten days post fusion. After two weeks, the supernatant from each well was subjected to Capture ELISA using the in house made biotin-labeled human CDH6-TSA protein. Positive hybridomas secreting antibodies that bound to the human CDH6-TSA protein were selected and transferred to 24-well cell culture plates. Hybridoma clones producing antibodies that showed high specific human CDH6-TSA binding activity were subcloned by limited dilution to ensure the clonality of the cell line, and then monoclonal antibodies were purified. Briefly, Protein A sepharose columns (from bestchrom (Shanghai) Biosciences, Cat#AA0273) were washed using PBS in 5 to 10 column volumes. Cell supernatants of monoclonal hybridomas were passed through the columns, and then the columns were washed using PBS until the absorbance for protein reached the baseline. The columns were eluted with elution buffer (0.1 M Glycine-HCl, pH 2.7) , and immediately collected into tubes with neutralizing buffer (1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.0) . Fractions containing immunoglobulins were pooled and dialyzed in PBS overnight at 4℃.Example2. Construction and Preparation of Chimeric anti-CDH6 Antibodies
[0128] The heavy / light chain variable regions of one mouse anti-CDH6 monoclonal antibody, D2G10C1B1, obtained in Example 1 were sequenced, and the SEQ ID numbers of the CDRs and variable regions were summarized in Table 1.
[0129] The heavy and light chain variable regions of D2G10C1B1 were cloned in frame to human IgG1 (AQQ, K447Del) heavy-chain constant region (SEQ ID NO: 13, abbreviated as G1-7) and human kappa light-chain constant region (SEQ ID NO: 15) , respectively, wherein the C terminus of variable region was linked to the N terminus of the respective constant region.
[0130] The vectors containing a nucleotide encoding the heavy chain variable region linked to human IgG1 heavy-chain constant region, and the vectors containing a nucleotide encoding the light chain variable region linked to human kappa light-chain constant region were transiently transfected into 50 ml of 293F cell suspension cultures at a ratio of 1.1: 1 light to heavy chain construct, with 1 mg / ml PEI. Cell supernatants containing the chimeric antibodies were harvested after six days in shaking flasks, and then chimeric antibodies were purified from cell supernatants using Protein A sepharose columns as described above.
[0131] Two anti-CDH6 monoclonal antibodies, namely hG019-H1L2 developed by Daiichi Sankyo with the heavy chain and light chain amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16 and 17 respectively, and NOV0712 developed by Novartis with the heavy chain and light chain amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 18 and 19 respectively, were prepared following the same protocol, and referred to as BM1 and BM2 respectively, to be used as positive controls in the assays below.Example 3. Binding Activity of anti-CDH6 Antibodies
[0132] The binding activity of the mouse and chimeric D2G10C1B1 antibodies of the disclosure to the CDH6 protein was determined by Capture ELISA and Flow Cytometry (FACS) . 3.1 Capture ELISA
[0133] Briefly, 96-well ELISA plates were coated with 100 μl 2 μg / ml AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fc fragment specific (Cat#109-006-008, Jackson ImmunoResearch) or AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG, Fc fragment specific (Cat#115-005-071, Jackson ImmunoResearch) in PBS overnight at 4℃. Plates were washed once with wash buffer (PBST, PBS+0.05%Tween-20) and then blocked with 200 μl / well blocking buffer (5%w / v non-fatty milk in PBST) overnight at 4℃. Plates were washed again, incubated for 40 minutes at 37℃ with 100 μl / well serially diluted anti-CDH6 antibodies of the disclosure, BM1 or hIgG (human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection, Hualan Biological Engineering Inc. ) as a negative control, 5-fold dilution in PBST with 2.5%non-fatty milk starting at 66.7 nM, and then washed 4 times. The plates were added and incubated with 100 μl biotin-labeled human CDH6-TSA protein (in house made with SEQ ID NO. : 22, 0.65 μg / ml in 2.5%non-fatty milk in PBST) for 40 minutes at 37℃, washed 4 times, and incubated with streptavidin conjugated HRP (1: 5000 dilution in PBST, Cat#016-030-084, Jackson ImmunoResearch, 100 μl / well) for 40 minutes at 37℃. After a final wash, the plates were incubated with 100 μl / well TMB (Cat#TMB-S-002, Innoreagents) at room temperature. The reaction was stopped 3-10 minutes later with 50 μl / well 1 M H2SO4, and the absorbance was read in a microplate reader using the dual wavelength mode with 450 nm for TMB and 630 nm as the reference wavelength. The OD (450-630) values were plotted against the antibody concentrations. Data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism and EC50 values were reported. The results were shown in FIG. 1.
[0134] The binding activity of D2G10C1B1 and chD2G10C1B1 (the chimeric one) to the rhesus CDH6 protein was also tested following the same protocol using a biotin-labeled recombinant rhesus monkey CDH6-TSA (in house made with SEQ ID NO. : 23, 0.51 μg / ml in 2.5%non-fatty milk in PBST) . The results were shown in FIG. 2.
[0135] It can be seen from FIGs. 1 and 2 that the mouse and chimeric D2G10C1B1 antibodies of the disclosure specifically bound to human and rhesus CDH6 proteins with lower EC50 and much higher Bmax (maximum binding) as compared to BM1. 3.2 Cell based binding FACS
[0136] The binding activity of the anti-CDH6 antibodies to the cell surface human CDH6 was evaluated by FACS, using CHOK1-CDH6 cells expressing cell-surface human CDH6. The CHOK1-CDH6 cells were prepared by transfecting the CHOK1 cells (Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells) with pCDNA3.1 plasmid constructs with the nucleotide sequence encoding human CDH6 (Uniprot#P55285) inserted between NotI and XbaI sites.
[0137] The CHOK1-CDH6 cells were harvested from cell culture flasks, washed twice and resuspended in PBS containing 2%v / v Fetal Bovine Serum (FACS buffer) . Then, 1 × 105 CHOK1-CDH6 cells per well in 96 well-plates were incubated for 50 minutes on ice in 100 μl serially diluted anti-CDH6 antibodies of the disclosure, BM2 or a negative control HEL-10-G1-7 (an in-house made anti-HEL antibody, with the heavy chain and light chain sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO. : 20 and 21, respectively) in FACS buffer, 5-fold serial dilution starting from 66.7 nM. The cells were washed twice with FACS buffer, and added with 100 μl R-Phycoerythrin AffiniPure F (ab’) 2 Fragment Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (Cat#115-116-146, Jackson Immuno Research) or R-Phycoerythrin AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγfragment specific (Cat#109-115-098, Jackson Immuno Research) , 1: 1000 diluted in FACS buffer. Following an incubation of 50 minutes at 4℃ in dark, the cells were washed three times and resuspended in FACS buffer. Fluorescence was measured using a Becton Dickinson FACS Canto II-HTS equipment, and the MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) was plotted against the antibody concentrations. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and EC50 values were reported. The results were shown in FIG. 3.
[0138] It can be seen that the antibodies of the disclosure specifically bound to the CHOK1-CDH6 cells, but with low binding levels, probably due to their quick internalization into cells.Example 4. Preparation and Characterization of anti-CDH6 Antibody-Drug Conjugates
[0139] The anti-CDH6 antibodies of the disclosure were linked to DXd, a cytotoxic agent, via a linker, at the cysteine residue (s) , to generate antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) , with the schematic structure shown in FIG. 12. Briefly, 10 mg / ml chD2G10C1B1, BM1 and HEL-10-G1-7, in DPBS pH6.0 (Cat#BC-BPBS-08, Bio-Channel Inc. ) with 5 mM EDTA, were respectively added with 1 M K2HPO4 to adjust the pH to 7.0 ± 0.1, and then treated with 5.5 equivalents of tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP-HCl, Cat#PG82080, Thermo, 10 mM in water) at 37℃ for 2 hours. Subsequently, the resulting mixtures were added and incubated with 8.6 equivalents of GGFG-DXd (the linker-drug construct, Cat#HY-13631E, MedChemExpress, 10 mM in DMSO) at room temperature for 1 hours.
[0140] The ADC constructs as generated, including chD2G10C1B1-GGFG-DXd, BM1-GGFG-DXd (the DS-6000a analogue) , and HEL-10-G1-7-GGFG-DXd, were purified using Amersham NAP-25 Columns (Cat#17085202, Cytiva) , according to the manufacturer’s instruction, and measured for their concentrations using Thermo NanoDrop One spectrophotometer. The DAR (Drug-to-Antibody Ratio) , or the number of the GGFG-DXd construct linked to each antibody, was determined using LC-MS for each ADC and summarized in Table 2. Table 2. ADCs’ Drug-to-Antibody Ratio
[0141] The in vitro cytotoxicity of these ADC constructs was evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines, including the PA-1 ovarian cancer cell line (Cat#CRL-1572, ATCC) and the OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line (Cat#HTB-161, ATCC) , in a cell-based internalization assay.
[0142] Briefly, 96-well cell culture plates were added with 2,000 PA-1 cells per well in 150 μL EMEM medium (Cat#30-2003, ATCC) supplemented with 10%FBS (Cat#10091-148, Gibco) , and incubated in a 5%CO2 incubator at 37℃. On the next day of cell seeding, 50 μl / well serially diluted ADC constructs prepared above (4-fold serial dilution in EMEM medium, starting at 267 nM antibody concentration) were added to the plates, and the plates were incubated in a 5%CO2 incubator at 37℃ for 5 days. The plates were added and incubated with 50 μL / well Cell Counting-Lite 2.0 reagent (Cat#DD1101-02, Vazyme) for 5 minutes in dark, and subjected to luminescence signal measurement by Tecan infinite 200Pro plate-reader. The luminescence signals were analyzed using Graphpad prism and IC50 values were reported. The results were shown in FIG. 4.
[0143] The ADCs’ cytotoxicity against OVCAR-3 cells were tested following the same protocol, but using RPMI-1640 (Cat#A10491-01, Gibco) as the cell culture medium, with incubation with ADC constructs that were 4-fold serially diluted in RPMI-1640 medium starting at 20 nM for 6 days. The results were shown in FIG. 5.
[0144] According to FIGs. 4 and 5, the chD2G10C1B1-GGFG-DXd construct of the disclosure showed higher in vitro cytotoxicity than the BM1-GGFG-DXd construct (the DS-6000a analogue) against the tumor cells, as revealed by lower IC50 values.Example5. Humanizationand CDR Modificationof D2G10C1B1
[0145] The mouse antibody D2G10C1B1 was humanized, using the well-established CDR-grafting method. Briefly, the light and heavy chain variable region sequences of D2G10C1B1 were blasted against the human immunoglobulin gene database, and the human germlines with the highest homology were selected as the acceptor frameworks for humanization. The original heavy / light chain variable region CDRs were inserted into the selected frameworks, and the residue (s) in the frameworks was / were further back mutated to obtain more candidate heavy chain / light chain variable regions.
[0146] In addition, D2G10C1B1 originally had a supposedly glycosylation site in the heavy chain CDR2, and was thus modified at that site to reduce or eliminate potential glycosylation, improving antibody homogeneity and / or stability.
[0147] A total of five D2G10C1B1 variants, namely huD2G10C1B1-CDRV25 to huD2G10C1B1-CDRV29, were obtained, whose heavy / light chain variable region SEQ ID numbers were set forth in Table 1.
[0148] These antibody variants were expressed with G1-7 human IgG1 (AQQ, K447Del) constant region (SEQ ID NO: 13) and human kappa constant region (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and then purified, as described in Example 2.
[0149] The variant huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26 was also expressed with human IgG1 (AQQ, YTE, K447Del) constant region (SEQ ID NO: 14, referred to as G1-9) and human kappa constant region (SEQ ID NO: 15) , and referred to as huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26-G1-9. The YTE mutation was for enhancing FcRn binding affinity and thus prolonging half-life, K447del was to reduce IgG4 C-terminal heterogeneity, and AQQ was to reduce Fc effector functions.Example 6. Characterization of D2G10C1B1 Variants
[0150] The humanized and HV-CDR2-modified D2G10C1B1 antibodies as obtained above were tested in capture ELISA, cell-based binding FACS, and benchmark blocking ELISA, following the protocols in the foregoing Examples with minor modifications and also the protocol described below.
[0151] For the capture ELISA, 96-well ELISA plates were coated with 100 μl 2 μg / ml AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fc fragment specific (Cat#109-006-008, Jackson ImmunoResearch) , 100 μl / well, and HEL-10-G1-7 was used instead of hIgG as the negative control. In the human CDH6 binding test, the biotin-labeled human CDH6-TSA protein was used at the concentration of 0.76 μg / ml in 2.5%non-fatty milk in PBST.
[0152] The binding activities to monkey CDH6 and human CDH6 were shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, respectively. It can be seen all of the exemplary humanized and HV-CDR2-modified antibodies specifically bound to rhesus and human CDH6 with much higher Bmax and lower EC50 than BM1.
[0153] In the cell-based binding FACS, the antibodies were tested with 1×105 CHOK1-CDH6 cells per well or 50,000 OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells per well.
[0154] As shown in FIGs. 8 and 9, all of the exemplary humanized and HV-CDR2-modified antibodies of the disclosure specifically bound to the CDH6-expressing cells, but with much lower cell binding levels than BM2. Benchmark Blocking ELISA
[0155] The ability of the anti-CDH6 antibodies of the disclosure to block benchmark binding to human CDH6-TSA protein was measured in a competitive ELISA assay. Briefly, 100 μl 2 μg / mL BM1 in PBS was coated on 96-well ELISA plates overnight at 4℃. ELISA plates were washed once with wash buffer (PBST, PBS+0.05%Tween-20) and then blocked with 200 μl / well blocking buffer (5%w / v non-fatty milk in PBST) overnight at 4℃. While blocking, the anti-CDH6 antibodies of the disclosure (66.7 nM) , BM1 (666.7 nM) or HEL-10-G1-7 (66.7 nM) were 5-fold serially diluted with biotin labeled human CDH6-TSA protein (in house made with SEQ ID NO. : 22, 0.38 μg / ml in 2.5%non-fatty milk in PBST) , and incubated at room temperature for 40 minutes. After plate washing, the antibody / human CDH6-TSA protein mixtures were added to BM1 coated plates, 100 μl per well. After incubation at 37℃for 40 minutes, the plates were washed using wash buffer, added and incubated for 40 minutes at 37℃ with 100 μl / well Peroxidase Streptavidin (1: 5000 dilution in PBST) . Plates were washed again using wash buffer. Finally, TMB was added and the reaction was stopped using 1 M H2SO4. The absorbance was read on a microplate reader using the dual wavelength mode with 450 nm for TMB and 630 nm as the reference wavelength, and the OD (450-630) values were plotted against the antibody concentrations. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and IC50 values were reported. The results were shown in FIG. 10.
[0156] It can be seen that all of the exemplary antibodies of the disclosure were able to block human CDH6 binding to the benchmark, suggesting that the epitope they bound and the epitope BM1 bound might overlap to some extent.Example7. PreparationandCharacterization of anti-CDH6 Antibody-DrugConjugates
[0157] Following the protocol in Example 4, the exemplary humanized and HV-CDR2-modified antibodies of the disclosure were linked to DXd via GGFG to generate ADC constructs, which were then purified.
[0158] The DARs (Drug-to-Antibody Ratio) of the antibodies, including huD2G10C1B1-CDRV25-GGFG-DXd, huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26-GGFG-DXd, BM1-GGFG-DXd (the DS-6000a analogue) , and HEL-10-G1-7-GGFG-DXd, were determined using LC-MS and summarized in Table 3. Table 3. ADCs’ Drug-to-Antibody Ratio
[0159] The in vitro cytotoxicity of these ADC constructs was evaluated against the PA-1 ovarian cancer cell line in a cell-based internalization assay, following the protocol in Example 4, except that the ADC constructs were 4-fold serially diluted in EMEM medium, starting at 67 nM. The results were shown in FIG. 11.
[0160] As shown in FIG. 11, the ADC constructs of the disclosure, including huD2G10C1B1-CDRV25-GGFG-DXd and huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26-GGFG-DXd, showed higher in vitro cytotoxicity than the BM1-GGFG-DXd construct (the DS-6000a analogue) against PA-1 ovarian cancer cells, as revealed by e.g., lower IC50 values.Example 8. In vivo anti-tumor Efficacy of anti-CDH6 ADCs in Cell-derived Xenograft Ovarian Tumor Model
[0161] Following the protocol in Example 4, the exemplary humanized and HV-CDR2-modified antibodies of the disclosure, including huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26-G1-9, were linked to DXd via GGFG to generate ADC constructs, which were then purified. The DARs (Drug-to-Antibody Ratio) were determined using LC-MS and summarized in Table 4. Table 4. ADCs’ Drug-to-Antibody Ratio
[0162] The in vivo anti-tumor activity of these ADC constructs was tested in B-NDG mice (Cat#110586, Biocytogen JiangSu Co., Ltd. ) implanted with PA-1 cells (the human ovarian tumor cell line) .
[0163] Briefly, the mice were subcutaneously inoculated at the right flank with PA-1 cells, 5×106 per mouse, in 0.2 mL DPBS with Matrigel (DPBS: Matrigel volume ratio of 1: 1) . When the tumors reached an average volume of about 132.96 mm3, 54 tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 9 groups, 6 for each group, and were intravenously injected with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS, Cat#BC-BPBS-08, Bio-channel) at 10 μL / g body weight (Group 1 or G1) , HEL-10-G1-1-GGFG-Dxd at 0.5 mg / kg (G2) or 1.0 mg / kg (G5) , BM1-GGFG-Dxd at 0.5 mg / kg (G3) , 1.0 mg / kg (G6) or 5.0 mg / kg (G8) , or huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26-G1-9-GGFG-Dxd at 0.5 mg / kg (G4) , 1.0 mg / kg (G7) or 5.0 mg / kg (G9) on Day 0.
[0164] Tumor volumes were measured twice weekly using an electronic caliper and calculated as (length × width2) / 2.
[0165] The mice were euthanized on Day 16 and tumors were collected and weighed. The tumor volume-derived tumor growth inhibition rate (TGITV%) on Day 16 was calculated as (tumor volume in vehicle control group-tumor volume in each treatment group) / tumor volume in vehicle control group × 100%, while the tumor weight-derived tumor weight inhibition rate (TGITW%) on Day 16 was calculated as (tumor weight in vehicle control group-tumor weight in each treatment group) / tumor weight in vehicle control group × 100%.
[0166] FIG. 13 showed the average tumor size of each group during the test. Table 5 summarized the tumor size derived results, while Table 6 summarized the tumor weight derived results. Table 5. Anti-tumor efficacy of ADCs-tumor size-based data a: Tumor volume on Day 16, Mean ± SEM; b: Statistical analysis via Browm-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA tests with Dunnett T3, compared with the vehicle control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
[0167] It can be seen that all the ADCs were well tolerated. BM1-GGFG-Dxd, as the positive control, significantly suppressed tumor growth starting from the 1.0 mg / kg dose, while the ADCs of the disclosure, at all three doses, including the 0.5 mg / kg dose, induced evident tumor growth inhibition, suggesting their higher in vivo efficacy than the BM1-GGFG-Dxd and potential application in tumor treatment at low doses. No obvious tumor size or weight change was observed in the groups with ADCs having a negative control antibody. Table 6. Anti-tumor efficacy of ADCs-tumor weight-based data a: Tumor weight on Day 16, Mean ± SEM; b: Statistical analysis via Browm-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA tests with Dunnett T3, compared with the vehicle control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.
[0168] The sequences in the present application were summarized below.
[0169] VH CDR2 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0170] VH of humanized D2G10C1B1
[0171] VH CDR1 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0172] VH CDR2 of mouse and chimeric D2G10C1B1
[0173] VH CDR2 of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV25
[0174] VH CDR2 of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26
[0175] VH CDR2 of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV27
[0176] VH CDR2 of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV28
[0177] VH CDR2 of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV29
[0178] VH CDR3 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0179] VL CDR1 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0180] VL CDR2 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0181] VL CDR3 of mouse, chimeric and humanized D2G10C1B1
[0182] VH of mouse and chimeric D2G10C1B1
[0183] VH of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV25
[0184] VH of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV26
[0185] VH of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV27
[0186] VH of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV28
[0187] VH of huD2G10C1B1-CDRV29
[0188] VL of mouse and chimeric D2G10C1B1
[0189] VL of humanized D2G10C1B1
[0190] Mouse heavy chain constant region
[0191] Mouse light chain constant region
[0192] Human IgG1 (AQQ, K447Del) heavy chain constant region (G1-7)
[0193] Human IgG1 (AQQ, YTE, K447Del) heavy chain constant region (G1-9)
[0194] Human light chain constant region
[0195] Heavy chain of hG019-H1L2
[0196] Light chain of hG019-H1L2
[0197] Heavy chain of NOV0712
[0198] Light chain of NOV0712
[0199] Heavy chain of HEL-10-G1-1
[0200] Heavy chain of HEL-10-G1-7
[0201] Light chain of HEL-10-G1-1 and HEL-10-G1-7
[0202] Human CDH6-TSA protein
[0203] Rhesus monkey CDH6-TSA protein ***
[0204] Having thus described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by the above paragraphs is not to be limited to particular details set forth in the above description as many apparent variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.An antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, capable of specifically binding to Cadherin-6, comprising:(i) a heavy chain variable region comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2 and a VH CDR3, wherein the VH CDR1, the VH CDR2 and the VH CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2 and 3, respectively,wherein 7th and 9th amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO: 2 are N and T respectively; G and T respectively; S and T respectively; A and T respectively; N and V respectively; or N and G respectively; and / or(ii) a light chain variable region comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2 and a VL CDR3, wherein the VL CDR1, the VL CDR2 and the VL CDR3 comprise amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively.2.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 7 or 8,wherein 56th and 58th amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO: 8 are G and T respectively; S and T respectively; A and T respectively; N and V respectively; or N and G respectively.3.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, wherein the light chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 9 or 10.4.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 2, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to (1) SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 9, respectively; or (2) SEQ ID NOs: 8 and 10, respectively,wherein 56th and 58th amino acid residues in SEQ ID NO: 8 are G and T respectively; S and T respectively; A and T respectively; N and V respectively; or N and G respectively.5.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, which is an IgG1, IgG2 or IgG4 isotype.6.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, comprising a heavy chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 13 or 14, linked to the heavy chain variable region, and / or a light chain constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 12 or 15, linked to the light chain variable region.7.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, which (a) is able to bind human CDH6; (b) is able to bind rhesus monkey CDH6; and / or (c) is able to be internalized by CDH6-expressing cells.8.The antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1, which is mouse, chimeric or humanized.9.A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of claim 1.10.An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 9.11.A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 10.12.A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule integrated into its genome.13.An immunoconjugate comprising the antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of any one of claims 1 to 8, linked to a therapeutic agent.14.The immunoconjugate of claim 13, wherein the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxin, preferably one of formula I, 15.The immunoconjugate of claim 14, wherein the cytotoxin is linked to the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof via a linker.16.The immunoconjugate of claim 14, wherein the therapeutic agent is a linker-cytotoxin construct of formula II, 17.A composition comprising the antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of any one of claims 1 to 8, the nucleic acid molecule of claim 9, the expression vector of claim 10, the host cell of claim 11, or the immunoconjugate of any one of claims 12 to 16.18.The composition of claim 17, which is a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.19.A method for treating a cancer with CDH6 expression in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the immunoconjugate of any one of claims 14 to 16.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma.