Molecular energy power generation device and manufacturing method therefor, power generation apparatus, and electric device

Abstract

The present application provides a molecular energy power generation device and a manufacturing method therefor, a power generation apparatus, and an electric device. The molecular energy power generation device comprises: a positive electrode; a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged opposite to each other, and the triboelectric charge density of at least part of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode; support members, wherein the support members are disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode is insulated from the negative electrode, and the support members, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode define an accommodating space; and a liquid filler, wherein the liquid filler is located in the accommodating space, and the liquid filler is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Description

Molecular energy power generation devices, their preparation methods, power generation devices and electrical equipment

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This application requests the following Chinese patent applications filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on January 27, 2025, with patent application number 202510128463.4 and title "Molecular Energy Power Generation Device and Preparation Method Thereof, Power Generation Device and Electrical Equipment Thereof", filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on September 29, 2025, with patent application number 202511419344.0 and title "Molecular Energy Power Generation Device and Preparation Method Thereof, Power Generation Device and Electrical Equipment Thereof", and filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on November 4, 2025, with patent application number 202511605166.0 and title "Molecular Energy Power Generation Device and Preparation Method Thereof, Power Generation Device and Electrical Equipment Thereof". The priority of the following Chinese patent applications is hereby established: Chinese Patent Application No. 202512060210.0 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on December 31, 2025, entitled "Molecular Energy Power Generation Device and its Preparation Method, Power Generation Device and Power Use Equipment"; and Chinese Patent Application No. 202610102514.0 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on January 23, 2026, entitled "Molecular Energy Power Generation Device and its Preparation Method, Power Generation Device and Power Use Equipment". The entire contents of these patent applications are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of energy. Specifically, this application relates to a molecular energy power generation device, its preparation method, power generation device, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0004] The world's main energy sources are fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and solar energy. However, the limited availability of fossil fuels, the safety concerns during the use of nuclear energy, and the difficulties in disposing of nuclear waste have made the search for sustainable, green, and pollution-free energy increasingly urgent.

[0005] Molecular thermal motion, as a green and renewable energy source, contains enormous energy. The Earth contains a vast amount of liquid; even if only a portion of this energy can be converted into electricity, it will have a profound impact on the energy landscape. Furthermore, molecular thermal motion is a special type of material motion, fundamentally different from ordinary mechanical motion. It follows the laws of thermodynamics, which mean that thermal motion is a perpetual random motion that does not cause destructive impacts on the environment / ecology. In addition, molecular thermal motion does not suffer from the numerous usage problems mentioned above, unlike some other energy sources. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In a first aspect of this application, a molecular energy power generation device is provided, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are disposed opposite to each other, and the triboelectric charge density on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the negative electrode; a support member disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other, and the support member, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space; and a liquid filler located within the receiving space, wherein the liquid filler is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0007] In a second aspect of this application, a method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device, an energy conversion device according to the first aspect of this application, is provided, comprising: disposing a support member between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is insulated from the negative electrode, and the support member, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space therebetween, wherein the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode; and filling the receiving space with a liquid filler.

[0008] In a third aspect of this application, a power generation device is provided, comprising: the molecular energy power generation device described in the first aspect of this application, or a molecular energy power generation device manufactured using the method described in the second aspect of this application.

[0009] In a fourth aspect of this application, an electrical device is provided, comprising: the molecular energy power generation device described in the first aspect of this application, or the molecular energy power generation device manufactured using the method described in the second aspect of this application, or the power generation device described in the third aspect of this application.

[0010] As a non-limiting example, this application provides the following implementation scheme:

[0011] 1. A molecular energy power generation device, comprising:

[0012] positive electrode;

[0013] The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode facing each other, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode is greater than that of the negative electrode.

[0014] A support member is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other, and the support member, the positive electrode and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space.

[0015] A liquid filler is located within the containment space and is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0016] 2. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1, wherein the liquid filler includes pure liquid, solution, or emulsion.

[0017] 3. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 2, wherein the pure liquid comprises hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, or water; and / or

[0018] The solution comprises a solute and a solvent, wherein the solute includes a solid solute or a liquid solute; and / or

[0019] The solid solute includes polymeric materials; and / or

[0020] The liquid solute and the solvent each independently comprise one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water; and / or

[0021] The emulsion comprises an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an emulsifier, and / or,

[0022] The aqueous phase includes water; and / or,

[0023] The oil phase includes one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic fats;

[0024] The emulsifier includes ionic emulsifiers and / or nonionic emulsifiers.

[0025] 4. The molecular energy power generation device according to implementation scheme 3, wherein,

[0026] The polymeric material includes water-soluble polymers and / or water-insoluble polymers; and / or,

[0027] The polymer material has a number-average molecular weight of 3 million to 200,000, optionally 30 million to 100,000, and further optionally 50 million to 50,000; and / or,

[0028] The solute in the solution includes a polymer material, and the mass concentration of the polymer material in the solution is 0.1%-50%, optionally 1%-30%, or even optionally 5%-20%.

[0029] 5. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 4, wherein the pure liquid, the liquid solute, and the solvent independently comprise one or more of ethanol, pentane, octane, dodecane, silicone oil, ethyl acetate, benzene, phenol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and water; and / or,

[0030] The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of acrylic polymers, alcohol polymers, ether polymers, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic polymers, and polysaccharide polymers; and / or,

[0031] The non-water-soluble polymer includes one or more of hydrocarbon polymers and hydrocarbon derivative polymers; and / or,

[0032] The hydrocarbon derivative polymers include one or more of the following: halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, halogenated ether polymers, polyester polymers, acrylate polymers, nitrogen-containing polymers, polysiloxane polymers, polyetheretherketone polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polysulfone polymers, polyaldehyde polymers, and polyvinyl acetal polymers; and / or,

[0033] The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, chitosan, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives; and / or,

[0034] The non-water-soluble polymers include one or more of polyethylene, polyhalogenated ethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polychloroether, ethylene-propylene copolymer, halogenated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyoxymethylene, and polyvinyl butyral.

[0035] 6. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the triboelectric charge density of the liquid filler is different from that of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0036] 7. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0037] 8. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the positive electrode includes a first friction layer, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the positive electrode facing the receiving space; and / or,

[0038] The first friction layer comprises one or more of the following: metal, metal compound, inorganic non-metallic compound, carbon material, and polymer.

[0039] 9. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 8, wherein the positive electrode further includes a first current collector layer, the first current collector layer being disposed on the side of the first friction layer away from the accommodating space; and / or,

[0040] The thickness of the first friction layer is 2nm-1mm; and / or,

[0041] The first friction layer is a first polymer layer; and / or,

[0042] The thickness of the first polymer layer is 1nm-10μm, optionally 10nm-1μm, and further optionally 20nm-200nm.

[0043] 10. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 9, wherein the triboelectric charge density of the first friction layer is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode; and / or,

[0044] The triboelectric charge density of the first current collector layer is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode; and / or,

[0045] The triboelectric charge density of the first friction layer is greater than that of the first current collector layer.

[0046] 11. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the negative electrode includes a second friction layer, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the negative electrode facing the receiving space; and / or,

[0047] The second friction layer comprises one or more of the following: metal, metal compound, inorganic non-metallic compound, carbon material, and polymer.

[0048] 12. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 11, wherein the negative electrode further includes a second current collector layer, the second current collector layer being disposed on the side of the second friction layer away from the accommodating space; and / or,

[0049] The thickness of the second friction layer is 2nm-1mm; and / or,

[0050] The second friction layer is a second polymer layer; and / or,

[0051] The thickness of the second polymer layer is 1nm-10μm, optionally 10nm-1μm, and further optionally 20nm-200nm.

[0052] 13. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 12, wherein the triboelectric charge density of the second friction layer is less than the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode, or, the positive electrode includes a first friction layer, and the triboelectric charge density of the second friction layer is less than the triboelectric charge density of the first friction layer; and / or,

[0053] The triboelectric charge density of the second friction layer is less than that of the triboelectric charge density of the second current collector layer.

[0054] 14. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein,

[0055] The positive electrode comprises aluminum foil, and the negative electrode comprises copper foil; or...

[0056] The positive electrode comprises an aluminum foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the aluminum foil facing the receiving space, and the negative electrode comprises a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space; or...

[0057] The positive electrode comprises a copper foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space; the negative electrode comprises a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space; or...

[0058] The positive electrode comprises an aluminum foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the aluminum foil facing the receiving space, and the negative electrode comprises a copper foil; or...

[0059] The positive electrode comprises a copper foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space, and the negative electrode comprises a copper foil; or...

[0060] The positive electrode comprises an aluminum foil, and the negative electrode comprises a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space; or...

[0061] The positive electrode comprises a copper foil, and the negative electrode comprises a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space; or...

[0062] The positive electrode includes a first polymer layer, and the negative electrode includes a second polymer layer, wherein the first polymer layer and the second polymer layer are independently doped with conductive agents.

[0063] 15. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the thickness of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are independently 1nm-20cm, optionally 50nm-2cm, and further optionally 100nm-2mm.

[0064] 16. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the thickness of the support member is 2μm-2cm, optionally 100μm-5mm, and most preferably 400μm-1mm.

[0065] 17. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the support member includes a conductor member and / or an insulator member.

[0066] 18. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the support member includes a conductor, one end of the conductor is connected to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the other end of the conductor is provided with an insulating layer, the insulating layer being connected to the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and / or,

[0067] The conductor is made of the same material as the positive electrode or the negative electrode; or, the conductor is made of the same material as the first friction layer on the positive electrode or the second friction layer on the negative electrode.

[0068] 19. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 18, wherein the insulating layer comprises one or more of organic insulators and inorganic insulators; and / or,

[0069] The organic insulator includes one or more of the following: insulating adhesive, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resin; and / or,

[0070] The inorganic insulator includes one or more of aluminum oxide, sulfur, mica, and glass.

[0071] 20. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the thickness of the insulating layer is 10nm-5cm, optionally 50nm-5mm, or even 1μm-50μm.

[0072] 21. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, further comprising: an insulating encapsulation assembly covering the outer surface of at least a portion of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the support member.

[0073] 22. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 21, wherein the insulating sealing component comprises one or more of epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive.

[0074] 23. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, comprising:

[0075] A support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the positive electrode is insulated from the negative electrode, and the support member, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space.

[0076] The containment space is filled with a liquid filler.

[0077] 24. A power generation device, comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 23.

[0078] 25. The power generation device according to embodiment 24, further comprising:

[0079] A heat source, said heat source being adapted to supply heat to said molecular energy power generation device; and / or,

[0080] A vibration source, the vibration source being adapted to drive the movement of the liquid filler in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0081] 26. The power generation device according to embodiment 25, wherein the heat source includes one or more of the following: a heating box, an insulation box, a microwave heating element, an infrared heating element, a heating wire, and a heat exchange tube; and / or,

[0082] The vibration source includes one or more of a vibrating screen and an ultrasonic device.

[0083] 27. An electrical device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 23, or a power generation device according to any one of embodiments 24 to 26.

[0084] 28. The electrical equipment according to embodiment 27, wherein the electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

[0085] As a non-limiting example, this application also provides the following implementation schemes:

[0086] 1. A molecular energy power generation device, comprising:

[0087] Positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive current collector;

[0088] The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0089] An insulating support is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The insulating support has a porous structure. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other. The insulating support and the positive electrode and the negative electrode form a receiving space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0090] A liquid filler, located within the containment space, in contact with the positive and negative electrodes; and

[0091] An insulating sealing layer is disposed on the outer surface of the insulating support.

[0092] 2. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1, wherein the insulating support includes a porous support frame, the porous support frame being located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the porous support frame and the positive electrode and the negative electrode enclosing the receiving space; and / or,

[0093] The insulating support includes a porous support layer, which is stacked between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The porous support layer includes a porous structure that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the porous structure forms the accommodating space with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0094] 3. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the insulating support is an insulating support that has been impregnated with the liquid filler.

[0095] 4. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the insulating support includes an organic insulating support and / or an inorganic insulating support.

[0096] 5. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 4, wherein the organic insulating support comprises one or more of polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, polyester, natural fiber, and synthetic fiber.

[0097] The inorganic insulating support includes one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass.

[0098] 6. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the insulating support comprises one or more of cotton yarn mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, and fiber paper; and / or,

[0099] The average pore diameter of the porous structure of the insulating support is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or,

[0100] The insulating support is a porous support layer, wherein the mesh size of the porous support layer is 10 mesh to 10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh to 1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh to 400 mesh; and / or,

[0101] The insulating support is a porous support layer with a porosity of 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%.

[0102] 7. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the insulating support and the liquid filler is less than or equal to 100 μC / m2 Selectable value is less than or equal to 10 μC / m 2 You can also choose less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, a value less than or equal to 0.1 μC / m can be selected. 2 ; and / or,

[0103] The triboelectric charge density of the insulating support is greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode.

[0104] 8. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-7, wherein the insulating support is a porous support frame, the thickness of the porous support frame is 100 nm-2 cm, optionally 2 μm-2 cm, further optionally 50 μm-1 cm, again optionally 100 μm-5 mm, and also optionally 400 μm-1 mm; and / or,

[0105] The insulating support is a porous support layer with a thickness of 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, or optionally 800μm-2cm.

[0106] 9. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode and the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m². 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0107] 10. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, the first friction layer being disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the insulating support member being disposed between the first friction layer and the negative electrode current collector; or,

[0108] The negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the insulating support is disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the second friction layer; or,

[0109] The positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode; the negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the insulating support is disposed between the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0110] 11. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 10, wherein the positive electrode current collector comprises one or more selected from metal, metal compound, and carbon material; and / or,

[0111] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, which comprises one or more of an inorganic non-metallic compound, a carbon material, and a polymer; and / or,

[0112] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which comprises one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers.

[0113] 12. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 10 or 11, wherein the positive electrode current collector is a metal current collector; and / or,

[0114] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, wherein the first friction layer is a first polymer layer; and / or,

[0115] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which is a second polymer layer.

[0116] 13. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 10-12, wherein the positive electrode includes a first friction layer, the thickness of which is 1 nm-1 mm, optionally 1 nm-10 μm, further optionally 10 nm-1 μm, and further optionally 20 nm-200 nm; and / or,

[0117] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, the thickness of which is 1nm-1mm, optionally 1nm-10μm, optionally 10nm-1μm, or optionally 20nm-200nm.

[0118] 14. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the insulating sealing layer comprises one or more of adhesive tape, quick-drying adhesive, or hot melt adhesive; and / or,

[0119] The insulating sealing layer includes one or more of the following: epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive.

[0120] 15. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein the liquid filler comprises a pure liquid, a solution, or an emulsion.

[0121] 16. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 15, wherein the pure liquid comprises hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, or water; and / or

[0122] The solution comprises a solute and a solvent, wherein the solute includes a solid solute or a liquid solute; and / or

[0123] The solid solute includes polymeric materials; and / or

[0124] The liquid solute and the solvent each independently comprise one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water; and / or

[0125] The emulsion comprises an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an emulsifier, and / or,

[0126] The aqueous phase includes water; and / or,

[0127] The oil phase includes one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic fats;

[0128] The emulsifier includes ionic emulsifiers and / or nonionic emulsifiers.

[0129] 17. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 16, wherein,

[0130] The polymeric material includes water-soluble polymers and / or water-insoluble polymers; and / or,

[0131] The polymer material has a number-average molecular weight of 3 million to 200,000, optionally 30 million to 100,000, and further optionally 50 million to 50,000; and / or,

[0132] The solute in the solution includes a polymer material, and the mass concentration of the polymer material in the solution is 0.1%-50%, optionally 1%-30%, or even optionally 2.5%-20%.

[0133] 18. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 16, wherein the pure liquid, the liquid solute, and the solvent each independently comprise one or more of ethanol, pentane, octane, dodecane, silicone oil, ethyl acetate, benzene, phenol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and water; and / or,

[0134] The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of acrylic polymers, alcohol polymers, ether polymers, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic polymers, and polysaccharide polymers; and / or,

[0135] The non-water-soluble polymer includes one or more of hydrocarbon polymers and hydrocarbon derivative polymers; and / or,

[0136] The hydrocarbon derivative polymers include one or more of the following: halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, halogenated ether polymers, polyester polymers, acrylate polymers, nitrogen-containing polymers, polysiloxane polymers, polyetheretherketone polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polysulfone polymers, polyaldehyde polymers, and polyvinyl acetal polymers; and / or,

[0137] The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, chitosan, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives; and / or,

[0138] The non-water-soluble polymers include one or more of polyethylene, polyhalogenated ethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polychloroether, ethylene-propylene copolymer, halogenated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyoxymethylene, and polyvinyl butyral.

[0139] 19. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the liquid filler comprises one or more of the following: pure water, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, a pure aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, a pure aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, a pure aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide, an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyacrylonitrile, an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyvinylidene fluoride, an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polylactic acid, an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyvinylidene chloride, an N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polysulfone, a polyacrylic acid emulsion, and a pure aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.

[0140] 20. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the liquid filler has a different triboelectric charge density from the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode, and also has a different triboelectric charge density from the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0141] 21. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein the thickness of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are independently 1nm-20cm, optionally 50nm-2cm, and further optionally 100nm-2mm.

[0142] 22. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-21, further comprising: an insulating layer, wherein at least a portion of the outer surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are covered by the insulating layer; and / or,

[0143] The outer surface of the insulating sealing layer is covered with the insulating layer.

[0144] 23. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein the method comprises:

[0145] An insulating support is provided between the positive and negative electrodes. The insulating support has a porous structure. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, and the negative electrode includes a negative current collector. The positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other. The insulating support and the positive electrode form a space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0146] A liquid filler is filled into the containing space, so that the liquid filler comes into contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode;

[0147] An insulating sealing layer is formed on the outer surface of the insulating support.

[0148] 24. A power generation device, comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-22, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 23.

[0149] 25. The power generation device according to embodiment 24, further comprising:

[0150] A heat source, said heat source being adapted to supply heat to said molecular energy power generation device; and / or,

[0151] A vibration source, the vibration source being adapted to drive the movement of the liquid filler in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0152] 26. The power generation device according to embodiment 25, wherein the heat source includes one or more of a heating box, an insulation box, a microwave heating element, an infrared heating element, a heating wire, and a heat exchange tube; and / or,

[0153] The vibration source includes one or more of a vibrating screen and an ultrasonic device.

[0154] 27. An electrical device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-22, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 13, or a power generation device according to any one of embodiments 24-26.

[0155] 28. The electrical equipment according to embodiment 27, wherein the electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

[0156] As a non-limiting example, this application also provides the following implementation schemes:

[0157] 1. A molecular energy power generation device, comprising:

[0158] Positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive current collector;

[0159] The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0160] A support member is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes being insulated from each other, and the support member and the positive and negative electrodes forming a receiving space communicating with the positive and negative electrodes; and

[0161] A liquid filler is located within the containment space and is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The liquid filler includes a surfactant and a solvent.

[0162] 2. The molecular energy power generation device as described in embodiment 1, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants; and / or,

[0163] The solvent includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, amides, and esters; and / or,

[0164] The surfactant has a number average molecular weight of 100-100,000, optionally 200-20,000, and further optionally 200-5,000; and / or,

[0165] Based on the mass of the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the surfactant is 0.01%-80%, optionally 0.1%-50%, and further optionally 0.5%-10%, or, in the liquid filler, the concentration of the surfactant is equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration.

[0166] 3. The molecular energy power generation device as described in embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant comprises anionic surfactants, and the anionic surfactants comprise one or more of sulfonates, sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphate esters; and / or,

[0167] The surfactant includes cationic surfactants, which include one or more of quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, and heterocyclic surfactants; and / or,

[0168] The surfactant includes amphoteric surfactants, which include one or more of amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides; and / or,

[0169] The surfactant includes nonionic surfactants, which include one or more of polyethers, fatty alcohols, amides, and esters.

[0170] 4. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of the following sulfonate anionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium pentadecyl sulfonate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, dodecyl α-olefin sulfonate, tetradecyl α-olefin sulfonate, hexadecyl α-olefin sulfonate, sodium decylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium tetradecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl succinate monoester sulfonate, sodium dioctadecyl succinate diester sulfonate; and / or,

[0171] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following sulfate anionic surfactants: sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, lithium dodecyl sulfate, magnesium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; and / or,

[0172] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following carboxylate anionic surfactants: sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium laurylate, potassium stearate, potassium laurylate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium cocoyl glycinate, sodium laureth carboxylate, sodium cetearyl ether carboxylate; and / or,

[0173] The surfactant includes one or more of the following anionic surfactants of phosphate ester salts: sodium dodecyl phosphate, potassium hexadecyl phosphate, dipotassium cetyl phosphate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, ammonium stearyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, potassium nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, and sodium phenyl phosphate.

[0174] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, hydroxystearamide propyltrimethylammonium chloride, cocamidopropyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, denatammonium saccharin, benzyl denatammonium, PPG diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow propylene dimethylammonium dimethyl sulfate, Basic Blue 99, HC Blue No. 17, Basic Blue 22; and / or,

[0175] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following cationic amine salts: dodecaneamine hydrochloride, octylamine hydrochloride, stearamine hydrochloride, laurylamine sulfate, norepinephrine hydrochloride, Basic Violet 2, stearamide ethylethanolamine phosphate, Basic Blue 47, stearamide propyl dimethylamine phosphate, and olafluridine; and / or,

[0176] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following heterocyclic cationic surfactants: dodecylpyridine bromide, hexadecylpyridine chloride monohydrate, 4,4-dimethylmorpholinium methyl sulfate, tubocurarine chloride, Basic Yellow 51; and / or,

[0177] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amino acid amphoteric surfactants: lysine glutamate, vitamin U, 3-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine, DL-asparagine monohydrate, Kent peptide, pentapeptide-18, wheat peptide, alanylglutamine, hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid sodium theanine, N2,N2-dimethyl-N6-lauroyl-L-lysine, imidazolylphenylethylnaphthalenesulfonyl asparagine, neotame, asparagine; and / or,

[0178] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following betaine amphoteric surfactants: dodecyl dimethyl betaine, myristyl betaine, cetyl betaine, behenyl betaine, seabuckthorn aminopropyl betaine, palmitamidopropyl betaine, myristamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, oleoyl betaine, di(hydroxyethyl)oleoylglycinate; and / or,

[0179] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following imidazoline amphoteric surfactants: sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium wheat germ oleoamyl diacetate, disodium tallow oleoamyl diacetate, disodium soybean oleoamyl diacetate, lauroyl dipropionic acid, sodium lauroyl dipropionate, sodium decanoyl dipropionate, sodium myristoyl diacetate, disodium oleoyl dipropionate, sodium oleoyl dipropionate, sodium undecenoyl dipropionate, sodium oleoyl diacetate; and / or,

[0180] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amine oxide amphoteric surfactants: zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, dipyridylthione, octyl dimethylamine oxide, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, oleylamine oxide, cocoylamine oxide, cocoyl diethanolamide, sesame oleamide propylamine oxide, olive oil amide propylamine oxide, tallow amide propylamine oxide; and / or,

[0181] The surfactant includes one or more of the following polyether nonionic surfactants: polyether F127, polyether P123, octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether; and / or

[0182] The surfactant includes one or more of the following nonionic fatty alcohol surfactants: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-5; and / or

[0183] The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amide nonionic surfactants: N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)cocamide, lauroyl diethanolamine, lauroyl monoethanolamine, halocarban, flutamide, clomiton; and / or,

[0184] The surfactant includes one or more of the following ester nonionic surfactants: Tween-80, Tween-60, Tween-65; and / or,

[0185] The solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol dioctanoate.

[0186] 5. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the support member is an insulating support member.

[0187] 6. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 5, wherein the insulating support has a porous structure and the outer surface of the insulating support is provided with an insulating sealing layer.

[0188] 7. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 6, wherein the insulating sealing layer comprises one or more of adhesive tape, quick-drying adhesive, or hot melt adhesive; and / or,

[0189] The insulating sealing layer includes one or more of the following: epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive.

[0190] 8. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 6 or 7, wherein the insulating support includes a porous support frame, the porous support frame being located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the porous support frame and the positive electrode and the negative electrode enclosing the receiving space; and / or,

[0191] The insulating support includes a porous support layer, which is stacked between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The porous support layer includes a porous structure that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the porous structure forms the accommodating space with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0192] 9. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 8, wherein the insulating support is a porous support frame, the thickness of the porous support frame is 100nm-2cm, optionally 2μm-2cm, optionally 50μm-1cm, optionally 100μm-5mm, or optionally 400μm-1mm; and / or,

[0193] The insulating support is a porous support layer with a thickness of 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, or optionally 800μm-2cm.

[0194] 10. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 6-9, wherein the average pore size of the porous structure of the insulating support is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or,

[0195] The insulating support is a porous support layer, wherein the mesh size of the porous support layer is 10 mesh to 10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh to 1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh to 400 mesh; and / or,

[0196] The insulating support is a porous support layer with a porosity of 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%.

[0197] 11. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 5-10, wherein the insulating support is an insulating support impregnated with the liquid filler; and / or,

[0198] The insulating support includes organic insulating support and / or inorganic insulating support.

[0199] 12. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 11, wherein the organic insulating support comprises one or more of polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, polyester, natural fiber, and synthetic fiber.

[0200] The inorganic insulating support includes one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass.

[0201] 13. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 5-12, wherein the insulating support comprises one or more of cotton yarn mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, and fiber paper.

[0202] 14. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-13, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the support and the liquid filler is less than or equal to 100 μC / m 2 Selectable value is less than or equal to 10 μC / m 2 You can also choose less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, a value less than or equal to 0.1 μC / m can be selected. 2 ; and / or,

[0203] The triboelectric charge density of the support member is equal to or greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode.

[0204] 15. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein the positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, the first friction layer being disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the insulating support member being disposed between the first friction layer and the negative electrode current collector; or,

[0205] The negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the insulating support is disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the second friction layer; or,

[0206] The positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode; the negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the insulating support is disposed between the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0207] 16. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the positive electrode current collector comprises one or more selected from metals, metal compounds, and carbon materials; and / or,

[0208] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, which comprises one or more of an inorganic non-metallic compound, a carbon material, and a polymer; and / or,

[0209] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which comprises one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers.

[0210] 17. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the positive electrode current collector is a metal current collector; and / or,

[0211] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, wherein the first friction layer is a first polymer layer; and / or,

[0212] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which is a second polymer layer.

[0213] 18. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 15-17, wherein the positive electrode includes a first friction layer, the thickness of which is 1 nm-1 mm, optionally 1 nm-10 μm, further optionally 10 nm-1 μm, and further optionally 20 nm-200 nm; and / or,

[0214] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, the thickness of which is 1nm-1mm, optionally 1nm-10μm, further optionally 10nm-1μm, and optionally 20nm-200nm; and / or,

[0215] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, the triboelectric charge density of the first friction layer being greater than that of the positive electrode current collector; and / or, the negative electrode includes a second friction layer, the triboelectric charge density of the second friction layer being less than that of the negative electrode current collector.

[0216] 19. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the liquid filler has a different triboelectric charge density from the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode, and also has a different triboelectric charge density from the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0217] 20. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the thickness of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are independently 1nm-20cm, optionally 50nm-2cm, and further optionally 100nm-2mm.

[0218] 21. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-20, further comprising: an insulating encapsulation assembly, wherein at least a portion of the outer surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are covered by the insulating encapsulation assembly; and / or,

[0219] The outer surface of the support member is provided with an insulating sealing layer, and the outer surface of the insulating sealing layer is covered by the insulating encapsulation assembly.

[0220] 22. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-21, comprising:

[0221] A support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, and the negative electrode includes a negative current collector. The positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other. The support member and the positive electrode form a receiving space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0222] A liquid filler comprising a surfactant and a solvent is filled into the containment space, thereby bringing the liquid filler into contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0223] 22. The method according to embodiment 21, further comprising:

[0224] An insulating sealing layer is formed on the outer surface of the support member.

[0225] 23. A power generation device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-20, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 21 or 22.

[0226] 24. The power generation device according to embodiment 23, further comprising:

[0227] A heat source, said heat source being adapted to supply heat to said molecular energy power generation device; and / or,

[0228] A vibration source, the vibration source being adapted to drive the movement of the liquid filler in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0229] 25. The power generation device according to embodiment 24, wherein the heat source includes one or more of a heating box, an insulation box, a microwave heating element, an infrared heating element, a heating wire, and a heat exchange tube; and / or,

[0230] The vibration source includes one or more of a vibrating screen and an ultrasonic device.

[0231] 26. An electrical device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-20, or a molecular energy power generation device made by the method according to embodiments 21 or 22, or a power generation device according to any one of embodiments 24-26.

[0232] 27. The electrical equipment according to embodiment 26, wherein the electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

[0233] As a non-limiting example, this application also provides the following implementation schemes:

[0234] 1. A molecular energy power generation device, comprising:

[0235] Positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive current collector;

[0236] The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0237] A support member is disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes being insulated from each other, and the support member and the positive and negative electrodes forming a receiving space communicating with the positive and negative electrodes; and

[0238] A liquid filler is located within the containment space and is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The liquid filler includes one or more of electrolyte solution, sugar solution, colloid, and suspension. The sugar solution includes sugar solute, which includes one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and sugar derivatives. The colloid includes one or more of molecular colloid and particle colloid.

[0239] 2. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1, wherein the liquid filler comprises an electrolyte solution:

[0240] Electrolytes include one or more of acids, bases, and salts; and / or,

[0241] Electrolytes include one or more of the following: strong acids, strong bases, weak acids, weak bases, salts of strong acids and strong bases, salts of strong acids and weak bases, salts of strong bases and weak acids, and salts of weak acids and weak bases; and / or,

[0242] Electrolytes include one or more of the following: sulfuric acid, glycine, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium glycinate, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, and polymeric electrolytes; and / or,

[0243] In the liquid filler, the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 0.005 mol / L-5 mol / L, optionally 0.01 mol / L-1 mol / L, and further optionally 0.05 mol / L-0.8 mol / L; and / or,

[0244] The electrolyte solution includes a solvent, which includes one or more of the following: water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

[0245] 3. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the liquid filler comprises a sugar solution:

[0246] Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of glucose, xylose, fructose, mannose, ribose, and deoxyribose; and / or,

[0247] Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of lactose, sucrose, maltose, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, chitosan oligosaccharides, and mannan oligosaccharides; and / or,

[0248] Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of the following: xylofrasu, xylitol, xylopyranose, mannitol, sorbitol, gluconic acid, glucosamine, glucoside, and arabinitol; and / or,

[0249] The molecular weight of carbohydrate solutes is 90-1800, optionally 150-900, optionally 180-450; and / or,

[0250] In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the carbohydrate solute is 0.1%-60%, optionally 0.5%-10%, and further optionally 0.5%-5%; and / or,

[0251] The sugar solution includes a solvent, which includes one or more of the following: water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

[0252] 4. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the liquid filler comprises a colloid:

[0253] The colloid includes one or more of molecular colloids and particle colloids; and / or,

[0254] The colloid includes molecular colloids, which include one or more of starch colloids, protein colloids, and carbohydrate colloids; and / or,

[0255] The colloid includes molecular colloids, which include one or more of natural polymeric colloids and synthetic polymeric colloids.

[0256] The colloid includes particle colloids, which include one or more of the following: metal colloids, metal oxide colloids, metal hydroxide colloids, and biological colloids; and / or,

[0257] The colloid includes particle colloids, which include one or more of the following: silica sol, aluminum sol, ferric hydroxide colloid, aluminum hydroxide colloid, titanium dioxide colloid, milk, blood, and soy milk; and / or,

[0258] In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the colloid is 0.1%-60%, optionally 0.5%-10%, and further optionally 1%-5%; and / or,

[0259] The colloid comprises a continuous phase, which includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

[0260] 5. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the liquid filler comprises a suspension, and the suspension comprises solid particles:

[0261] The solid particles include nanoparticles; and / or,

[0262] The solid particles include one or more of inorganic particles and organic particles; and / or,

[0263] In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the solid particles is 0.1%-30%, optionally 1%-10%, and further optionally 1%-5%; and / or,

[0264] The suspension includes a dispersion medium, which includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

[0265] 6. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of the embodiments 1-5, wherein the support is an insulating support.

[0266] 7. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 6, wherein the insulating support has a porous structure and the outer surface of the insulating support is provided with an insulating sealing layer.

[0267] 8. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 7, wherein the insulating support includes a porous support frame, the porous support frame being located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the porous support frame and the positive electrode and the negative electrode enclosing the receiving space; and / or,

[0268] The insulating support includes a porous support layer, which is stacked between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The porous support layer includes a porous structure that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the porous structure forms the accommodating space with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0269] 9. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-8, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the support and the liquid filler is less than or equal to 100 μC / m 2 Selectable value is less than or equal to 10 μC / m 2 You can also choose less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, a value less than or equal to 0.1 μC / m can be selected. 2 ; and / or,

[0270] The triboelectric charge density of the support member is equal to or greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode.

[0271] 10. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-9, wherein the positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, the first friction layer being disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the support member being disposed between the first friction layer and the negative electrode current collector; or,

[0272] The negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the support member is disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the second friction layer; or,

[0273] The positive electrode further includes a first friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode; the negative electrode further includes a second friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the support member is disposed between the first friction layer and the second friction layer.

[0274] 11. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-10, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector includes one or more selected from metal, metal compound, and carbon material; and / or,

[0275] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, which comprises one or more of an inorganic non-metallic compound, a carbon material, and a polymer; and / or,

[0276] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which comprises one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers.

[0277] 12. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 10 or 11, wherein the positive electrode current collector is a metal current collector; and / or,

[0278] The positive electrode includes a first friction layer, wherein the first friction layer is a first polymer layer; and / or,

[0279] The negative electrode includes a second friction layer, which is a second polymer layer.

[0280] 13. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein the method comprises:

[0281] A support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, and the negative electrode includes a negative current collector. The positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other. The support member and the positive electrode form a receiving space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0282] The containment space is filled with a liquid filler, which includes one or more of electrolyte solutions, sugar solutions, colloids, and suspensions; the sugar solution includes sugar solutes, which include one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and sugar derivatives; the colloid includes one or more of molecular colloids and particle colloids, and the liquid filler is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0283] 14. The method according to embodiment 13, further comprising:

[0284] An insulating sealing layer is formed on the outer surface of the support member.

[0285] 15. A power generation device, comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-12, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method according to embodiment 13 or 14.

[0286] 16. An electrical device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-12, or a molecular energy power generation device made by the method described in embodiment 13 or 14, or a power generation device according to embodiment 16.

[0287] 17. The electrical equipment according to embodiment 16, wherein the electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

[0288] As a non-limiting example, this application also provides the following implementation schemes:

[0289] 1. A molecular energy power generation device, comprising:

[0290] Positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive current collector;

[0291] The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

[0292] A support member, comprising a first support member disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, the first support member forming a receiving space communicating with the positive and negative electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes being insulated from each other; or,

[0293] The support includes a second support. An ion exchange membrane assembly is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The second support is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode. The positive electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support form a receiving space communicating between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The second support is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the negative electrode. The negative electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support form a receiving space communicating between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0294] A liquid filler is provided, and the containment space is filled with the liquid filler. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the ion exchange membrane assembly are in contact with the liquid filler.

[0295] 2. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1, wherein the support member is an insulating support member; and / or,

[0296] The outer surface of the receiving space is provided with an insulating sealing layer that seals the receiving space; and / or,

[0297] The support member has a porous structure, and an insulating sealing layer is provided on the outer surface of the support member; and / or,

[0298] The support member has a porous structure; the support member is a support member that has been impregnated with the liquid filler; and / or,

[0299] The support component includes an organic insulating support component, which comprises one or more of the following: polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, polyester, natural fibers, and synthetic fibers; and / or,

[0300] The support component includes an inorganic insulating support component, which comprises one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass; and / or,

[0301] The support member includes one or more of the following: cotton yarn mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, fiber paper, and polymer protrusions; and / or,

[0302] The outer surface of the receiving space and / or the support member is provided with an insulating sealing layer, the insulating sealing layer comprising one or more of adhesive tape, quick-drying adhesive, or hot melt adhesive; and / or

[0303] The outer surface of the accommodating space and / or the support member is provided with an insulating sealing layer, the insulating sealing layer comprising one or more of epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive.

[0304] 3. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the support member includes a first support member:

[0305] The first support member includes a support frame, which is located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive and negative electrodes, and the support frame and the positive and negative electrodes enclose a receiving space that connects the positive and negative electrodes; and / or,

[0306] The first support member includes a porous support layer, which is stacked between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The porous support layer and the positive electrode and the negative electrode form a receiving space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An insulating sealing layer is provided on the outer surface of the porous support layer.

[0307] 4. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 3, wherein the first support member includes a support frame, the support frame is a porous support frame, and the outer surface of the support frame is provided with an insulating sealing layer; and / or,

[0308] The first support member includes a support frame, the thickness of which is 100 μm-2 cm, optionally 2 μm-2 cm, optionally 50 μm-1 cm, optionally 100 μm-5 mm, or optionally 400 μm-1 mm; and / or,

[0309] The first support includes a porous support layer with a thickness of 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, or optionally 800μm-2cm.

[0310] 5. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the first support member includes a porous support layer and / or a porous support frame:

[0311] The average pore diameter of the porous support layer and / or the porous support frame is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or,

[0312] The porous support layer and / or the porous support frame have a mesh size of 10-10,000 mesh, optionally 20-1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20-400 mesh; and / or,

[0313] The porosity of the porous support layer and / or the porous support frame is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or,

[0314] The porous support layer and / or the porous support frame each independently comprise one or more of the following: cotton mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, and fiber paper.

[0315] 6. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the support member includes a second support member, the second support member including one or more of a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a porous support layer:

[0316] A porous support layer and / or multiple first protrusions are provided between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly, the porous support layer and / or the first protrusions supporting the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly to form a receiving space communicating between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly; and / or,

[0317] A porous support layer and / or multiple second protrusions are provided between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The porous support layer and / or the second protrusions support the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly to form a receiving space that connects the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0318] 7. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 6, wherein the first protrusion is disposed on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode; and / or,

[0319] The second protrusion is provided on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode; and / or,

[0320] The thicknesses of the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the porous support layer are each independently 100 nm-2 cm, optionally 2 μm-2 mm, and further optionally 50 μm-0.5 mm; and / or,

[0321] The average pore size of the porous support layer is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or,

[0322] The porous support layer has a mesh size of 10-10,000 mesh, optionally 20-1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20-400 mesh; and / or,

[0323] The porosity of the porous support layer is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or,

[0324] The thickness of the porous support layer is 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, and optionally 800μm-2cm; and / or,

[0325] The second support member includes a porous support layer, which includes one or more of cotton yarn web, cotton, polyester web, and fiber paper.

[0326] 8. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 6 or 7, wherein the ion exchange membrane assembly is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or a bipolar membrane; or,

[0327] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are stacked; or...

[0328] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, with a second support member provided between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. The cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, together with the porous support layer, form a space that connects the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane; or...

[0329] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane, wherein the bipolar membrane is stacked between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane; or...

[0330] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane is disposed between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. A second support is also provided between the bipolar membrane and the cation exchange membrane. The bipolar membrane, the cation exchange membrane, and the porous support layer form a receiving space that connects the bipolar membrane and the cation exchange membrane. A second support is also provided between the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane. The bipolar membrane, the anion exchange membrane, and the porous support layer form a receiving space that connects the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane.

[0331] 9. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 8, wherein the ion exchange membrane assembly includes at least a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, and a receiving space is formed in the ion exchange membrane assembly, wherein the liquid filler filling the receiving space in the ion exchange membrane assembly is of a different type than the liquid filler filling the receiving space between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

[0332] 10. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the ion exchange membrane assembly is a bipolar membrane, and the anode side of the bipolar membrane faces the positive electrode or the negative electrode, optionally facing the negative electrode; or,

[0333] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein the cation exchange membrane faces either the positive electrode or the negative electrode, optionally facing the negative electrode; or...

[0334] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane is stacked between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, with the anode side of the bipolar membrane facing the anion exchange membrane.

[0335] 11. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 6-10, wherein the ion exchange membrane assembly comprises a cation exchange membrane, the cation exchange membrane comprising one or more of a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane, a partially fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, a non-fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, and an inorganic / organic-inorganic composite proton exchange membrane; and / or,

[0336] The ion exchange membrane assembly includes anion exchange membranes, which include polyolefin-based anion exchange membranes, polystyrene-based anion exchange membranes, polyether-based anion exchange membranes, and heterocyclic polymer-based anion exchange membranes.

[0337] 12. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-11, wherein the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer, at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode friction layer faces the negative electrode side, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode; and / or,

[0338] The negative electrode further includes a negative electrode friction layer, at least a portion of the surface of which faces the positive electrode side.

[0339] 13. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-12, wherein the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer, the positive electrode friction layer being disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode; or, the positive electrode current collector is a mesh structure, the positive electrode current collector being disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode; and / or,

[0340] The negative electrode further includes a negative electrode friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode; or, the negative electrode current collector has a mesh structure, and the negative electrode current collector is disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer facing the positive electrode.

[0341] 14. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 13, wherein the positive electrode current collector is a mesh structure, and the mesh structure satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the average pore size of the mesh structure is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; the mesh size of the mesh structure is 10 mesh-10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh-1000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh-400 mesh; the porosity of the mesh structure is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or,

[0342] The negative electrode current collector has a mesh structure, which satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the average pore size of the mesh structure is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; the mesh size of the mesh structure is 10 mesh-10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh-1000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh-400 mesh; the porosity of the mesh structure is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%.

[0343] 15. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 12-14, wherein the positive electrode further comprises a positive electrode friction layer, the surface of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode being an uneven surface and / or having a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the negative electrode side; and / or,

[0344] The negative electrode further includes a negative electrode friction layer, the surface of which facing the positive electrode is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the positive electrode side.

[0345] 16. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 15, wherein the positive electrode further includes a porous carrier and a positive electrode friction layer, the porous carrier is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, the positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the surface of the porous carrier, and the porous carrier includes an opening facing the negative electrode; and / or,

[0346] The negative electrode further includes a porous carrier and a negative electrode friction layer. The porous carrier is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the negative electrode friction layer is disposed on the surface of the porous carrier. The porous carrier includes an opening facing the positive electrode.

[0347] 17. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 16, wherein the porous carrier is a foamed metal; and / or,

[0348] The porous carrier is made of the same material as the positive electrode current collector.

[0349] 18. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-17, wherein the positive electrode current collector comprises one or more selected from metals, metal compounds, and carbon materials; and / or,

[0350] The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, which comprises one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers; and / or,

[0351] The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which comprises one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers.

[0352] 19. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein the positive electrode current collector is a metal current collector; and / or,

[0353] The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, which is a first polymer layer or an inorganic non-metallic compound layer; and / or,

[0354] The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which is a second polymer layer.

[0355] 20. A molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-19, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, the positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the thickness of the positive electrode friction layer is 1 nm-1 mm, optionally 1 nm-10 μm, further optionally 10 nm-1 μm, and further optionally 20 nm-200 nm; and / or,

[0356] The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode. The thickness of the negative electrode friction layer is 1nm-1mm, can be selected as 1nm-10μm, can be further selected as 10nm-1μm, and can also be selected as 20nm-200nm.

[0357] 21. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-20, wherein the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer, the surface of which is a hydrophobic surface; and / or,

[0358] The negative electrode also includes a negative electrode friction layer, the surface of which is a hydrophobic surface.

[0359] 22. The molecular energy power generation device according to embodiment 21, wherein the surface of the positive electrode friction layer is a hydrophobic surface, and the positive electrode friction layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or connected with hydrophobic groups; and / or,

[0360] The surface of the negative electrode friction layer is a hydrophobic surface, and the negative electrode friction layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or connected with hydrophobic groups; and / or,

[0361] The contact angle of the hydrophobic surface is greater than 90°, and can be selected as 120°-180°, or even 150°-180°.

[0362] 23. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-22, wherein the positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer.

[0363] The positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer and the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 ;or,

[0364] The positive electrode current collector has a mesh structure and is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode. The difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer and the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0365] 24. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-23, wherein the difference in triboelectric charge density between the support and the liquid filler is less than or equal to 100 μC / m 2 Selectable value is less than or equal to 10 μC / m 2 You can also choose less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, a value less than or equal to 0.1 μC / m can be selected. 2 ; and / or,

[0366] The triboelectric charge density of the support member is greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode.

[0367] 25. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-24, wherein the liquid filler includes one or more of pure liquids, solutions, emulsions, colloids, and suspensions.

[0368] 26. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-25, wherein the liquid filler comprises a pure liquid, the pure liquid comprising hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, or water; and / or

[0369] The liquid filler comprises a solution, the solution comprising a solute and a solvent, the solute comprising a solid solute and / or a liquid solute, the liquid solute and the solvent respectively independently comprising one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water; and / or

[0370] The liquid filler comprises a solution, wherein the solute of the solution comprises a polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material comprises a water-soluble polymer and / or a water-insoluble polymer; and / or

[0371] The liquid filler comprises an emulsion, the emulsion comprising an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an emulsifier; optionally, the aqueous phase comprises water; optionally, the oil phase comprises one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic fats; optionally, the emulsifier comprises an ionic emulsifier and / or a nonionic emulsifier; and / or

[0372] The liquid filler includes a colloid, which includes one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids.

[0373] 27. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-26, wherein the liquid filler comprises a solution, the solution comprising one or more of a water-soluble polymer solution, a non-water-soluble polymer solution, a surfactant solution, an electrolyte solution, and a sugar solution; and / or,

[0374] The solute in the water-soluble polymer solution includes one or more of the following: acrylic polymers, alcohol polymers, ether polymers, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic polymers, and polysaccharide polymers; and / or,

[0375] The solute in the water-soluble polymer solution includes one or more of the following: polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, chitosan, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives; and / or,

[0376] The solute in the non-water-soluble polymer solution includes one or more of hydrocarbon polymers and hydrocarbon derivative polymers; and / or,

[0377] The solute in the electrolyte solution includes one or more of acids, bases, and salts; and / or,

[0378] The solute in the carbohydrate solution includes one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and carbohydrate derivatives; and / or,

[0379] The liquid filler includes an associating colloid, the associating colloid includes a surfactant, the surfactant including anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants; and / or,

[0380] The liquid filler includes molecular colloids, which include one or more of starch colloids, protein colloids, and carbohydrate colloids; and / or,

[0381] The liquid filler includes particle colloids, which include one or more of the following: metal colloids, metal oxide colloids, metal hydroxide colloids, and biological colloids.

[0382] 28. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-27, wherein the method comprises:

[0383] A first support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes, such that the first support member and the positive and negative electrodes form a receiving space that connects the positive and negative electrodes; or,

[0384] An ion exchange membrane assembly is disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. A second support member is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode, such that the positive electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support member form a receiving space communicating between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. Similarly, a second support member is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the negative electrode, such that the negative electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support member form a receiving space communicating between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0385] The containment space is filled with a liquid filler.

[0386] The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, the negative electrode includes a negative current collector, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other.

[0387] 29. The method according to embodiment 28, further comprising:

[0388] An insulating sealing layer is provided to seal the accommodating space and / or the outer surface of the support member.

[0389] 30. A power generation device, comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-27, or a molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method described in embodiment 28 or 29.

[0390] 31. An electrical device comprising: a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of embodiments 1-27, or a molecular energy power generation device made by the method described in embodiment 28 or 29, or a power generation device according to embodiment 30.

[0391] 32. The electrical equipment according to embodiment 31, wherein the electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics. Attached Figure Description

[0392] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of this application.

[0393] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of this application.

[0394] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of this application.

[0395] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0396] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0397] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support frame as a support element in one embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0398] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support frame as a support element in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0399] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support frame as a support element in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0400] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device with an insulating encapsulation component according to an embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0401] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molecular energy power generation device with an insulating encapsulation component in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0402] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support layer as a support in one embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0403] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support layer as a support in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0404] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device using a porous support layer as a support in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0405] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in Scheme 1 of this application, in which both the positive and negative current collectors adopt a mesh structure.

[0406] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device with a mesh structure for the negative current collector in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0407] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device with a mesh structure for the positive current collector in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0408] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of Scheme 1 of this application.

[0409] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application.

[0410] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application.

[0411] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in another embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application.

[0412] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device that uses anion and cation exchange membranes stacked as ion exchange membrane components in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application.

[0413] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application, which uses a cation exchange membrane, a second support, and an anion exchange membrane stacked together as an ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0414] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application, which uses a superimposed cation exchange membrane, bipolar membrane and anion exchange membrane as an ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0415] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application, which uses a cation exchange membrane, a second support, an anion exchange membrane, and a second support stacked together as an ion exchange membrane assembly.

[0416] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of liquid injection during the assembly of the molecular energy power generation device in one embodiment of Scheme 2 of this application.

[0417] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Positive electrode; 11-Positive electrode current collector; 12-Positive electrode friction layer; 2-Negative electrode; 21-Negative electrode current collector; 22-Negative electrode friction layer; 3-Support member; 31-First support member; 31a-Support frame; 31b-(In the structure of Scheme 1)Porous support layer; 32-Second support layer; 32a-First protrusion; 32b-Second protrusion; 32c-(In the structure of Scheme 2)Porous support layer; 4-Accommodation space; 41-Accommodation space connecting the positive and negative electrodes; 42a-Accommodation space connecting the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. Space; 42b - Retaining space connecting the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly; 42c - Retaining space connecting the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane; 42d - Retaining space connecting the bipolar membrane and the cation exchange membrane; 42e - Retaining space connecting the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane; 5 - Liquid filler; 6a - Insulating layer; 6b - Insulating sealing layer; 7 - Insulating encapsulation assembly; 8a - Heat source; 8b - Vibration source; 9 - Ion exchange membrane assembly; 9a - Cation exchange membrane; 9b - Anion exchange membrane; 9c - Bipolar membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0418] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0419] In this application, the following definitions and methods are provided to better define this application and to guide those skilled in the art in its practice. Unless otherwise stated, the terms are to be understood in accordance with their conventional usage by those skilled in the art.

[0420] As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including” should be interpreted as inclusive and open-ended, not exclusive. Specifically, when used in the specification and claims, the terms “comprising” and “including” and their variations mean to include the specified features, steps, or components. These terms should not be construed as excluding the presence of other features, steps, or components.

[0421] As used herein, the terms “optional,” “optionally,” “optionally,” or “re-optionally” mean that the events or circumstances described below may, but are not required to, occur, including both when they occur and when they do not.

[0422] In this document, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0423] Wherever a range of values ​​is given herein, the range includes its endpoints, as well as all individual integers and fractions within the range, and also includes each narrower range formed by all the various possible combinations of those endpoints and internal integers and fractions, to form a subgroup of a larger group of values ​​within the same extent as each of those narrower ranges is explicitly given. For example, a thickness of 1nm-1mm for the positive electrode friction layer means that the thickness of the positive electrode friction layer can be 1nm, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm, 20nm, 21nm, 22nm, 24nm, 28nm, 30nm, 32nm, 35nm, 38nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, or 170nm. 180nm, 190nm, 200nm, 210nm, 220nm, 230nm, 240nm, 250nm, 260nm, 270nm, 280nm, 290nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm or 1mm, etc., and the ranges formed by them, etc.

[0424] In a first aspect of this application, a molecular energy power generation device is provided, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are disposed opposite to each other, and the triboelectric charge density on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the negative electrode; a support member disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other, and the support member, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space; and a liquid filler located within the receiving space, wherein the liquid filler is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0425] It is understood that "the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode" means that the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. Specifically, based on the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive and negative electrodes and the thermal motion of molecules in the liquid filler, the surfaces of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode and the negative electrode facing the positive electrode will collide and rub against the liquid filler to achieve charge transfer, generating a potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0426] It is understood that "the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated" means that the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 are insulated inside the molecular energy power generation device.

[0427] In this application, the triboelectric charge density can be measured using the following method: liquid mercury is used as a reference electrode, and the test material is placed on a controllable linear motor. The experiment is conducted in a glove box filled with ultrapure nitrogen. During the experiment, the sample and mercury are periodically contacted and separated by the linear motor. A Faraday cage and shielded wires are used to reduce external electromagnetic interference. The amount of charge transferred during contact and separation is determined by measuring the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. When the two materials come into contact, charge transfer occurs in the contact area due to the contact electrification effect. Upon separation, charge separation generates a potential difference between the electrodes. The potential difference increases with the separation distance until it reaches a maximum value. When the two materials come into contact again, charge flows through the circuit until the potential difference disappears. The triboelectric charge density is calculated by dividing the amount of transferred charge by the contact area.

[0428] The triboelectric capacity of materials located at different positions in the triboelectric sequence varies. In some embodiments of this application, materials located at different positions in the triboelectric sequence can be selected to form the positive electrode (the surface facing the negative electrode) and the negative electrode (the surface facing the positive electrode), thereby achieving a difference in triboelectric charge density between the two.

[0429] In some embodiments of this application, the difference in triboelectric charge density between at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0430] In some embodiments of this application, the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. For example, it can be adjusted by changing the type of positive electrode material and / or negative electrode material, ensuring that the triboelectric charge density on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode (facing the negative electrode) is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode (facing the positive electrode). For example, the difference in triboelectric charge density between at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode (facing the negative electrode) and the surface of the negative electrode (facing the positive electrode) can be equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m². 2 For example, it can be 0.1 μC / m 2 0.2μC / m 2 0.5μC / m 2 0.8μC / m 2 1μC / m 2 2μC / m 2 5μC / m 2 8μC / m 2 10μC / m 2 15μC / m 2 20μC / m 2 25μC / m 2 30μC / m 2 35μC / m 2 40μC / m 2 45μC / m 2 50μC / m 2 55μC / m 2 60μC / m 2 65μC / m 2 70μC / m 2 75μC / m 2 80μC / m 2 85μC / m 2 90μC / m 2 95μC / m 2 100μC / m 2 105μC / m 2 110μC / m 2 115μC / m 2 120μC / m 2 125μC / m 2 130μC / m 2 135μC / m 2 140μC / m 2 145μC / m 2 150μC / m 2 155μC / m 2 160μC / m 2 165μC / m2 170μC / m 2 175μC / m 2 180μC / m 2 185μC / m 2 190μC / m 2 195μC / m 2 200μC / m 2 210μC / m 2 220μC / m 2 Or 250μC / m 2 And so on, or it could be a range consisting of any of the above values, such as 0.1 μC / m 2 -200μC / m 2 Or 0.1μC / m 2 -100μC / m 2 Etc. Increasing the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive and negative electrodes is beneficial for increasing the potential difference generated between them. Optionally, the difference in triboelectric charge density between at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode (facing the negative electrode) and the surface of the negative electrode (facing the positive electrode) can be equal to or greater than 1 μC / m. 2 The optional value can be equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0431] It is understood that the molecular energy power generation device of this application may include a variety of specific implementation methods:

[0432] For example, referring to Figure 1, the molecular energy power generation device may include, but is not limited to, the following embodiments: the molecular energy power generation device includes: a positive electrode 1; a negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are disposed opposite to each other, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode 1 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode 2; a support member 3, the support member 3 is disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 is insulated from the negative electrode 2, the support member 3 and the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 enclose a receiving space 4; and a liquid filler 5, the liquid filler 5 is located in the receiving space 4, and the liquid filler 5 is in contact with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. In this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode 1 is greater than that of the negative electrode 2. The two electrodes also have different abilities to gain or lose electrons through collisions and friction with the liquid filler 5. When the liquid filler 5 is placed in the containing space 4, the molecules contained therein will undergo thermal motion. Due to the thermal motion of the fluid molecules, the macromolecules, ions, colloids, or particles that may exist in the liquid filler 5 will undergo chain segment motion / Brownian motion under the impetus of the small molecules. Within the limited space, the liquid filler 5 will collide and rub against the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 due to the random motion of the molecules and the possible ions, colloids, particles, and polymer chain segments, thereby generating opposite triboelectric charges. That is, it can gain electrons through collisions and friction with the positive electrode 1 and transfer electrons to the negative electrode 2 through collisions and friction, so as to generate a potential difference between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. This potential difference can then be drawn out through the electrodes, forming a detectable current in the external circuit.

[0433] In some embodiments of this application, the specific materials, structures, or compositions of the positive electrode 1, negative electrode 2, support member 3, liquid filler 5, etc., can be flexibly selected according to actual needs:

[0434] For example, in some specific embodiments, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be selected with different structures and / or combinations.

[0435] For example, in some specific embodiments, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be selected from different material combinations.

[0436] For example, in some specific embodiments, the support 3 may be selected as a dense structure and / or a porous structure.

[0437] For example, in some specific embodiments, the support member 3 can be selected from different methods such as frame support or porous layered support.

[0438] For example, in some specific embodiments, the support member 3 may be selected as a conductor member and / or an insulator member.

[0439] For example, in some specific embodiments, the liquid filler 5 can be selected from one or more combinations of pure liquid, solution, colloid, emulsion, and suspension.

[0440] For example, in some specific embodiments, the accommodating space 4 can be either an accommodating space that connects the positive and negative electrodes, or it can be other forms of accommodating space that can realize the directional movement of charge between the positive and negative electrodes, such as all forms of accommodating space that can realize the directional transfer of charge driven by the potential difference between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0441] In some embodiments of this application, the specific structure and material composition of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are not particularly limited, as long as the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode 1 is greater than that of the negative electrode 2.

[0442] In some embodiments, referring to FIG3, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer 12, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the positive electrode 1 facing the receiving space 4 (or, in other words, facing the negative electrode 2). The positive electrode 1 can generate electricity through collision and friction between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the liquid filler 5. Optionally, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be one or more of, but not limited to, metals, metal compounds, inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Further alternatively, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be used directly as the positive electrode 1, or it may be combined with other electrode materials to serve as the positive electrode 1.

[0443] For example, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be a conductive friction layer (which can also have a current collection effect). When the conductive friction layer has sufficient thickness or hardness, it can be directly used as the positive electrode 1. For example, the conductive friction layer can include, but is not limited to, metal layers, conductive metal oxide layers, etc., such as, but not limited to, pure metal foil (such as aluminum foil, copper foil, etc.), alloy foil, indium tin oxide sheet, conductive rubber layer or graphite layer, etc.

[0444] For example, referring to Figure 3, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer 12, and the positive electrode 1 may also include a positive electrode current collector 11, which may be disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 away from the receiving space 4. The positive electrode friction layer 12 and the positive electrode current collector 11 can be combined to form the positive electrode 1. The positive electrode current collector 11 enables charge conduction of the positive electrode 1 and also provides support for the positive electrode friction layer 12. For example, when the positive electrode friction layer 12 is an insulating layer (such as a mica layer) or has relatively poor conductivity, the positive electrode current collector 11 can be combined to achieve charge conduction of the positive electrode 1. Alternatively, when the positive electrode friction layer 12 is a thin film structure such as a metal plating layer, a metal oxide plating layer, or a composite coating, the positive electrode current collector 11 can be used as a carrier for the positive electrode friction layer 12, fixing the positive electrode friction layer 12 and providing structural support for the positive electrode friction layer 12 while achieving charge conduction. In this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than that of the negative electrode. Optionally, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be greater than that of the positive electrode current collector 11. This facilitates the enhancement of the ability of the liquid filler to collide and rub against the positive electrode to gain electrons, thereby promoting energy conversion. It is understood that the positive electrode current collector 11 is a conductor. Optionally, the conductor can be one or more of the following: metal, metal alloy, iron(III) oxide, and carbon conductor. For example, the positive electrode current collector can be, but is not limited to, a metal foil, such as copper foil or aluminum foil.

[0445] In some embodiments of this application, referring to Figures 2 or 3, the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer 22, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the negative electrode 2 facing the receiving space 4 (or, more broadly, facing the positive electrode 1). The negative electrode 2 can generate electricity through collision and friction between the negative electrode friction layer 22 and the liquid filler 5. Optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be one or more of, but not limited to, metals, metal compounds, inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Further alternatively, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be used directly as the negative electrode 2, or it may be combined with other electrode materials to serve as the negative electrode 2.

[0446] For example, the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be a conductive friction layer (which can also have a current collection effect). When the conductive friction layer has sufficient thickness or hardness, it can be directly used as the negative electrode 2. For example, the conductive friction layer can include, but is not limited to, a metal layer, a conductive metal oxide layer, a conductive polymer layer, a carbon material layer, etc., such as, but not limited to, pure metal foil (such as aluminum foil, copper foil, etc.), alloy foil, conductive rubber layer, or graphite layer, etc.

[0447] For example, referring to Figures 2 or 3, the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer 22, and the negative electrode 2 may also include a negative electrode current collector 21, which may be disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 away from the receiving space 4. The negative electrode friction layer 22 and the negative electrode current collector 21 can be combined to form the negative electrode 2. The negative electrode current collector 21 can realize the charge conduction of the negative electrode 2, and at the same time, it can also provide support for the negative electrode friction layer 22. For example, when the negative electrode friction layer 22 is an insulating layer (such as a polyurethane rubber layer) or has relatively poor conductivity, the negative electrode current collector 21 can be combined to realize the charge conduction of the negative electrode 2. Alternatively, when the negative electrode friction layer 22 is a thin film structure such as a metal plating layer, a metal oxide plating layer, a polymer film, or a composite coating, the negative electrode current collector 21 can be used as a carrier for the negative electrode friction layer 22 to fix the negative electrode friction layer 22, and provide structural support for the negative electrode friction layer 22 while realizing charge conduction. It is understood that the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22 is less than that of the positive electrode friction layer 12 and / or the positive electrode current collector 11. Optionally, the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22 is less than that of the negative electrode current collector 21, which is beneficial for improving the ability of the liquid filler to transfer electrons to the negative electrode after collision and friction with the negative electrode, thereby promoting energy conversion. It is understood that the negative electrode current collector 21 is a conductor, and optionally, the conductor may be one or more of metals, metal alloys, iron oxide, and carbon conductors. For example, the negative electrode current collector may be, but is not limited to, a metal foil, such as copper foil or aluminum foil.

[0448] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG3, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive current collector 11, and the negative electrode 2 may include a negative current collector 21. Based on the specific structure and material composition of the positive and negative electrodes, the materials of the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 may be the same or different. The triboelectric charge density of the positive current collector 11 may be greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the negative current collector 21. For example:

[0449] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1, the positive electrode 1 may consist only of a positive electrode friction layer, which also functions as a current collector; the negative electrode 2 may consist only of a negative electrode friction layer, which also functions as a current collector. That is, the positive electrode friction layer also serves as the positive current collector, and the negative electrode friction layer also serves as the negative current collector. In this case, the positive and negative current collectors are made of different materials; for example, the positive current collector can be aluminum foil, and the negative current collector can be copper foil. In the triboelectric generation sequence (in order from positive to negative charge), aluminum precedes copper, meaning that the triboelectric charge density of aluminum is greater than that of copper.

[0450] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer and a positive electrode current collector, with the positive electrode friction layer disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the receiving space. The negative electrode 2 may consist only of a negative electrode friction layer, which also serves as a current collector, i.e., the negative electrode friction layer also functions as a negative electrode current collector. In this case, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector may be made of the same or different materials. For example, referring to Figure 3, the positive electrode 1 may include an aluminum foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the aluminum foil facing the receiving space 4, and the negative electrode may be a copper foil; as another example, the positive electrode 1 may include a copper foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4, and the negative electrode may include a copper foil. Optionally, the first polymer layer may be a polyamide (PA) layer. In the triboelectric generation sequence (in order from positive to negative charge), PA precedes aluminum, i.e., the triboelectric charge density of PA is greater than that of aluminum.

[0451] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 may consist only of a positive electrode friction layer, which also functions as a current collector. The negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer 22 and a negative electrode current collector 21, with the friction layer located on the side of the current collector facing the receiving space. In this case, the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 may be made of the same or different materials. For example, referring to Figure 2, the positive electrode 1 may be an aluminum foil, and the negative electrode 2 may include a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4. As another example, the positive electrode 1 may be a copper foil, and the negative electrode 2 may include a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4. Optionally, the second polymer layer may be a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer, a polystyrene (PS) layer, or a polyethylene (PE) layer. In the triboelectric generation sequence (in order from positive to negative charge), copper precedes PAN, PS, and PE, meaning the triboelectric charge density of copper is greater than that of PAN, PS, and PE.

[0452] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer and a positive electrode current collector layer, and the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer and a negative electrode current collector layer. Optionally, the positive electrode current collector layer and the negative electrode current collector layer may be made of the same or different materials. For example, the positive electrode 1 may include an aluminum foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the aluminum foil facing the receiving space 4, and the negative electrode 2 may include a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4. As another example, the positive electrode 1 may include a copper foil and a first polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4, and the negative electrode 2 may include a copper foil and a second polymer layer located on the side of the copper foil facing the receiving space 4. Optionally, the first polymer layer may be a PA layer; the second polymer layer may be a PAN layer, a PS layer, or a PE layer.

[0453] Optionally, the positive electrode 1 may include a first polymer layer, and the negative electrode 2 may include a second polymer layer. The first and second polymer layers may be independently doped with conductive agents. This further facilitates controlling the overall internal resistance of the molecular energy power generation device within a suitable range. It is understood that the doping amount of the conductive agent in the first and second polymer layers should be sufficient to ensure insulation between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the conductive agent doped in the first polymer layer may be the same material as the positive electrode current collector, and / or, the conductive agent doped in the second polymer layer may be the same material as the negative electrode current collector. This helps reduce the risk of electrochemical reactions interfering with the device's power generation performance and / or lifespan due to differences in the conductive agent and current collector materials.

[0454] In some embodiments of this application, the support member 3 may include a conductor and / or an insulator. The materials of the conductor and insulator are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to actual needs.

[0455] For example, the insulator may include one or more of organic and inorganic insulators. Exemplarily, the organic insulator may include, but is not limited to, one or more of plastics and rubbers. Optionally, the plastic may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polystyrene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, bisphenol A, polyvinylidene chloride, and polymethyl methacrylate. Optionally, the rubber may include, but is not limited to, one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, cis-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber. Exemplarily, the inorganic insulator may include, but is not limited to, one or more of ceramics, glass, and mica.

[0456] For example, the conductor may include, but is not limited to, one or more of metals, metal alloys, iron(III) oxide, carbon conductors, and quantum dots. Exemplarily, the metal may include, but is not limited to, one or more of iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, and silver. Exemplarily, the metal alloy may include, but is not limited to, one or more of copper-tin alloys, copper-zinc alloys, copper-aluminum alloys, nickel-copper alloys, nickel-iron alloys, nickel-titanium alloys, aluminum-silicon alloys, aluminum-zinc alloys, aluminum-nickel alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, aluminum-tin alloys, silicon-iron alloys, and titanium-iron alloys. Exemplarily, the carbon conductor may include, but is not limited to, one or more of carbon powder, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, mesoporous carbon spheres, fullerenes, and expanded graphite.

[0457] In some embodiments, referring to FIG3, the support member 3 may include a conductor, one end of which may be connected to one of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and the other end of which may be provided with an insulating layer 6a, which may be connected to the other of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. This achieves insulation between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, reducing the risk of short circuits in the internal structure of the device.

[0458] In some embodiments, referring to FIG3, the conductor can be made of the same material as the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2; or, when the positive electrode 1 includes a positive electrode friction layer 12 and / or the negative electrode 2 includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, the conductor can be made of the same material as the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the negative electrode friction layer 22. This increases the area of ​​the inner surface of the molecular energy power generation device that collides with the liquid filler and generates electricity through friction, thus promoting energy conversion.

[0459] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 6a may include one or more of organic and inorganic insulators. Optionally, the insulating layer 6a is a dry insulating layer with good thermal stability, and its performance will not change significantly due to molecular thermal motion when in contact with the positive and negative electrodes or left to stand.

[0460] In some embodiments, the organic insulator may include, but is not limited to, one or more of insulating adhesives, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resin.

[0461] In some embodiments, the inorganic insulator may include, but is not limited to, one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass.

[0462] In some embodiments, the thickness of the insulating layer 6a can be 10nm-5cm, for example, it can be 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm. The thickness of the insulating layer 6a can be m, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, or 5cm, etc., or can be any range of the above values. Optionally, the thickness of the insulating layer 6a can be 50nm-5mm. Further optionally, the thickness of the insulating layer 6a can be 1μm-50μm.

[0463] In some embodiments of this application, the positive electrode 1 includes a positive current collector 11, and the negative electrode 2 includes a negative current collector 21. The positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 can be made of the same material. Using the same material for the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 allows the current collector to participate only in the charge conduction process and not provide for chemical or electrochemical reactions such as electron gain or loss. This helps reduce the risk of interference with the device's power generation performance and / or lifespan due to potential electrochemical reactions between the positive and negative electrodes. Furthermore, it helps to balance the device's power generation performance and lifespan.

[0464] To further facilitate understanding of the molecular energy power generation device of the first aspect of this application, two different design schemes based on the same inventive concept and using current collectors of the same material for both the positive and negative electrodes are described in detail below. It should be noted that the molecular energy power generation device of the first aspect of this application includes, but is not limited to, the two design schemes described below, Scheme 1 and Scheme 2. Furthermore, it should be noted that the various features and effects described for Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 below also apply to the molecular energy power generation device described in the foregoing sections, even though they were not described or described in detail in the foregoing sections. The specific design schemes of Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 are as follows:

[0465] Option 1: Referring to Figure 4, the molecular energy power generation device includes structural components such as a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, a support member, and a liquid filler 5: The positive electrode 1 includes a positive current collector 11; the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are arranged opposite to each other, and the negative electrode 2 includes a negative current collector 21. The positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 are made of the same material, and the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1; the support member includes a first support member 31, which is disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, forming a receiving space 41 that connects the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated, and the receiving space 41 is filled with the liquid filler 5. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are in contact with the liquid filler 5; or,

[0466] Option 2: Referring to Figure 18, the molecular energy power generation device includes structural components such as a positive electrode 1, a negative electrode 2, a support, and a liquid filler 5. The positive electrode 1 includes a positive electrode current collector 11. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode 2 includes a negative electrode current collector 21. The positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. The support includes a second support 32. An ion exchange membrane assembly 9 is provided between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive electrode... A second support member 32 is provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, forming a receiving space 42a that connects the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 with the second support member 32. A second support member 32 is also provided between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode 2, forming a receiving space 42b that connects the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 with the second support member 32. The receiving spaces 42a and 42b are filled with the liquid filler 5, and the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 are in contact with the liquid filler 5.

[0467] In the molecular energy power generation device of this application, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. Furthermore, the ability of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 to gain or lose electrons through collision and friction with the liquid filler 5 is also different.

[0468] Regarding Scheme 1, when the liquid filler 5 is placed in the containing space 41, the molecules contained within it will undergo thermal motion. Due to the thermal motion of the fluid molecules, macromolecules, ions, colloids, or particles that may exist in the liquid filler 5 will undergo chain segment motion / Brownian motion under the impetus of smaller molecules. Within the limited space, the liquid filler 5 will collide and rub against the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 due to the random motion of molecules and possible ions, colloids, particles, and polymer chain segments, thereby generating opposite triboelectric charges. That is, it can gain electrons through collisions and friction with the positive electrode 1, and transfer electrons to the negative electrode 2 through collisions and friction, creating a potential difference between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. This potential difference can then be drawn out through the electrodes, forming a detectable current in the external circuit. Alternatively,

[0469] Regarding scheme 2, when the liquid filler 5 is placed in the containing space 42a and containing space 42b, the molecules contained in the liquid filler 5 will undergo thermal motion. Due to the thermal motion of the fluid molecules, macromolecules, ions, colloids, or particles that may exist in the liquid filler 5 will undergo chain segment motion / Brownian motion under the impetus of small molecules. Within the limited space, the liquid filler 5 will collide and rub against the positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 due to the random motion of molecules and possible ions, colloids, particles, polymer chain segments, etc., thereby generating opposite triboelectric charges, creating a potential difference between the positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2. Ions present in the liquid filler 5 and / or ions generated by collisions and friction with the positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 will undergo directional migration under the drive of the potential difference, and undergo ion (selective) exchange with the ion exchange membrane component 9, realizing the directional transfer of charge between the positive and negative electrodes, and then leading out through the electrodes, forming a detectable current in the external circuit.

[0470] It is understandable that "the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated" means that the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 are insulated inside the molecular energy power generation device. Furthermore, for Scheme 2, the specific structure of its molecular energy power generation device also determines that the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated.

[0471] The triboelectric capacity of the material located at different positions in the triboelectric sequence varies. In some embodiments of this application, materials located at different positions in the triboelectric sequence can be selected to form at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 and at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1, so as to achieve a difference in triboelectric charge density between the two.

[0472] In some embodiments of this application, the material and structure of the support member can be flexibly selected according to actual needs, as long as it can play a supporting role and satisfy the insulation of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.

[0473] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1, the first support member 31 and the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be fixed and sealed by insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer. The position of the insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer is not particularly limited, as long as it can achieve the fixation of the first support member 31 and the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and the sealing of the accommodating space 41. For example, when the first support member 31 is a dense structure, the insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer can be disposed between the first support member 31 and the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2, or it can be disposed in the connection area of ​​the first support member 31, the positive electrode 1, and the negative electrode 2 on the outer surface of the device. Referring to Figure 5, when the first support member 31 is a porous structure, the insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer can be disposed in the area of ​​the first support member 31 on the outer surface of the device and in the connection area of ​​the first support member 31, the positive electrode 1, and the negative electrode 2 on the outer surface of the device.

[0474] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 2, referring to Figures 19 or 20, the second support member 32 can be fixed and sealed to the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 using insulating adhesive or an insulating sealing layer. The location of the insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer is not particularly limited, as long as it achieves the fixation of the second support member 32 to the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the sealing of the accommodating spaces 42a and 42b. For example, referring to Figure 20, the insulating adhesive or insulating sealing layer can be located in the area of ​​the second support member 32 on the outer surface of the device and in the connection area of ​​the second support member 32, the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 on the outer surface of the device.

[0475] In some embodiments of this application, the outer surface of the receiving space may be provided with an insulating sealing layer 6b to seal the receiving space. For example, regarding embodiment 1, referring to Figures 6 or 11, the outer surface of the receiving space 41 may be provided with an insulating sealing layer 6b to seal the receiving space 41. For example, regarding embodiment 2, referring to Figures 19 or 20, the outer surfaces of the receiving spaces 42a and 42b may be provided with insulating sealing layers 6b to seal the receiving spaces 42a and 42b. This can reduce the risk of leakage, and reduce the risk of short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes and / or electrochemical corrosion. Furthermore, it is beneficial to balance the power generation performance and lifespan of the device.

[0476] In some embodiments of this application, referring to Figures 11 or 20, the support member may have a porous structure, and the outer surface of the support member may be provided with an insulating sealing layer 6b. This not only helps to increase the effective area for collision and friction between the liquid filler 5 and the positive and negative electrodes, or the effective area for selective permeation of ions into the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, thus improving the power generation performance of the device, but also avoids device leakage and reduces the risk of short circuits and / or electrochemical corrosion between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0477] It is understood that in this application, "outer surface of the receiving space" refers to the area of ​​the receiving space located on the outer surface of the device; "outer surface of the support" refers to the surface of the support on the side away from the receiving space.

[0478] In some embodiments of this application, the specific material or composition of the insulating sealing layer 6b is not particularly limited, as long as it achieves the insulation and sealing effects. For example, the insulating sealing layer 6b may include, but is not limited to, one or more of adhesive tape, quick-drying adhesive, or hot melt adhesive. As another example, the insulating sealing layer 6b may include, but is not limited to, one or more of epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive. Using an insulating sealing layer 6b with adhesive properties also helps to improve the stability of the device structure.

[0479] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the insulating sealing layer 6b can be 10nm-5cm, for example, it can be 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 3 The thickness of the insulating sealing layer 6b can be 00μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, or 5cm, etc., or can be any range of the above values. Optionally, the thickness of the insulating sealing layer 6b can be 50nm-5mm. Further optionally, the thickness of the insulating sealing layer 6b can be 1μm-50μm.

[0480] In some embodiments of this application, the support member may include a conductor and / or an insulator. The foregoing sections of this application have already described in detail the possible range of conductors and the corresponding structural designs, and will not be repeated here.

[0481] In some embodiments of this application, the support member may be a conductor.

[0482] For example, in Scheme 1, the first support member 31 can be a conductor, one end of which can be connected to one of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and the other end of which can be provided with an insulating layer connected to the other of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the conductor is made of the same material as the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2, and optionally, it can be made of the same material as the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 or the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1; or, the positive electrode 1 can include a positive electrode friction layer 12, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the positive electrode 1 facing the receiving space 41 or the negative electrode 2, and / or, the negative electrode 2 includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the negative electrode 2 facing the receiving space 41 or the positive electrode 1, and the conductor is made of the same material as the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the negative electrode friction layer 22. The aforementioned features and effects of the device structure design, including conductors and support components, as described above also apply to Scheme 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0483] For example, in Scheme 2, the second support member 32 can be a conductor. One end of the conductor can be connected to the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and one of the positive / negative electrodes, and the other end of the conductor can be provided with an insulating layer, which can be connected to the other of the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive / negative electrode. Optionally, the material of the conductor located between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be the same as the material of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2, and / or, the material of the conductor located between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be the same as the material of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. The aforementioned features and effects concerning the conductor, etc., also apply to Scheme 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0484] Optionally, the insulating layer may include one or more of organic and inorganic insulators. For example, the organic insulator may include one or more of insulating adhesive, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resin. For example, the inorganic insulator may include one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass. Further optionally, the thickness of the insulating layer is 10 nm-5 cm, optionally 50 nm-5 mm, and further optionally 1 μm-50 μm. Other related characteristics and effects of the insulating layer have been described in the foregoing sections and will not be repeated here.

[0485] In some embodiments of this application, the support member can be an insulating support member, which helps to further reduce the risk of positive and negative short circuits and / or electrochemical corrosion. For example, in embodiment 1, the first support member 31 can be an insulating support member. For example, in embodiment 2, the second support member 32 can be an insulating support member.

[0486] In some embodiments of this application, the support member may include an organic insulating support member and / or an inorganic insulating support member. Exemplarily, the organic insulating support member may include, but is not limited to, one or more of plastics and rubbers. Optionally, the plastic may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polystyrene, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polydimethylsiloxane, polyester, epoxy resin, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl butyral, bisphenol A, polyvinyl carbonate, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, natural fibers, and synthetic fibers. Optionally, the rubber may include, but is not limited to, one or more of styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, cis-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, and fluororubber. Further optionally, the organic insulating support member may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, polyester, natural fibers, and synthetic fibers. Alternatively, the inorganic insulating support may include, but is not limited to, one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass.

[0487] In some embodiments of this application, the support member may include one or more of the following: cotton yarn web, cotton, polyester web, polymer protrusions, and fiber paper. For example, the cotton yarn web may include, but is not limited to, degreased cotton yarn web. For example, the cotton may include, but is not limited to, degreased cotton. For example, the polyester web may include, but is not limited to, PET web. For example, the polymer protrusions may include, but is not limited to, PET protrusions.

[0488] In some embodiments of this application, the support member can be a support member that has been soaked in the liquid filler 5. This helps to reduce the risk that the liquid filler 5 in the accommodating space will be consumed or fixed due to wetting or adsorption of the support member after device assembly, resulting in reduced collisions and friction between molecules or between molecules and positive and negative electrodes in the liquid filler 5, or reduced charge / ion transfer in the liquid filler 5, thereby affecting the electrical performance of the device.

[0489] In some embodiments of this application, the thickness of the support member (such as the first support member 31 or the second support member 32) can be 100nm-10cm, for example, it can be 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 5 The thickness of the support member can be 00μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm, etc., or it can be any range of the above values. The volume of the accommodating space can be changed by adjusting the thickness of the support member in the direction from the positive electrode 1 to the negative electrode 2. In this application, the thickness direction of the support member can be understood as a direction perpendicular to the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2.

[0490] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 1, referring to FIG6, the first support member 31 may include a support frame 31a. The support frame 31a is located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The support frame 31a and the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 enclose a receiving space 41 that connects the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. This allows for the formation of a larger receiving space 41 between the positive and negative electrodes, which is beneficial for improving the collision and triboelectric generation capabilities of the liquid filler 5 with the positive and negative electrodes, and promoting energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device. It is understood that the "overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2" refers to the area where the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can overlap after the support member is removed. Furthermore, it is understood that the width of the support frame 31a is not particularly limited; those skilled in the art can flexibly choose it according to actual needs, as long as it can satisfy the support effect for the positive and negative electrodes. It is understood that the width direction of the support frame 31a refers to the distance from the inner surface of the support frame 31a to its outer surface along a direction away from the receiving space.

[0491] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 1, referring to Figures 6, 7, or 8, the first support member 31 may include a support frame 31a, which may be a porous support frame, and the outer surface of the support frame 31a may be provided with an insulating sealing layer 6b. This not only helps to increase the effective area for collision and friction between the liquid filler 5 and the positive and negative electrodes to a certain extent, improving the power generation performance of the device, but also avoids device leakage and reduces the risk of short circuits and / or electrochemical corrosion between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0492] In some embodiments of this application, specifically regarding scheme 1, referring to Figures 11, 12, or 13, the first support member 31 may include a porous support layer 31b. The porous support layer 31b is stacked between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, forming a accommodating space 41 that connects the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. An insulating sealing layer 6b is provided on the outer surface of the porous support layer 31b. This further improves the support effect of the first support member 31 on the positive and negative electrodes, and also enables collision and friction between the liquid filler 5 and the positive and negative electrodes, realizing energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device. It is understood that "the porous support layer 31b is stacked between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2" means that the porous support layer 31b is laid throughout the entire overlapping area of ​​the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, forming a "sandwich" structure.

[0493] In some embodiments of this application, specifically for scheme 1, referring to Figures 6, 7, or 8, the first support member 31 may include a support frame 31a. The thickness of the support frame 31a can be 100nm-2cm, such as 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 20 The micrometers can be 0μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, or 2cm, etc., or any range of the above values. The spacing between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the porous support frame 31a, thereby changing the volume of the accommodating space 41. Optionally, the thickness of the porous support frame 31 can be 2μm-2cm, or 50μm-1cm, or 100μm-5mm, or 400μm-1mm.

[0494] In some embodiments of this application, specifically for scheme 1, referring to Figures 11, 12, or 13, the first support member 31 may include a porous support layer 31b. The thickness of the porous support layer 31b can be 100nm-10cm, for example, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 1... The thickness of the porous support layer 31b can be 00μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, or 10cm, etc., or any range of the above values. The spacing between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can also be adjusted by changing the thickness of the porous support layer 31b, thereby changing the volume of the accommodating space 41. Optionally, the thickness of the porous support layer 31b can be 200μm-10cm, or alternatively 400μm-5cm, or even 800μm-2cm.

[0495] In some embodiments of this application, for example 1, referring to FIG6 or FIG11, the first support member 31 may include a porous support layer 31b and / or a porous support frame:

[0496] In some embodiments, the average pore size of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 1μm-2mm, for example, it can be 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm. The pore sizes are m, 300μm, 350μm, 400μm, 450μm, 500μm, 550μm, 600μm, 650μm, 700μm, 750μm, 800μm, 850μm, 900μm, 950μm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, or 2mm, etc. Optionally, the average pore size of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 10μm-1mm. Further optionally, the average pore size of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 30μm-0.9mm.

[0497] In some embodiments, the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame may have a mesh structure, and the mesh count of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame may be from 10 mesh to 10,000 mesh, such as 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 50 mesh, 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh, 350 mesh, 400 mesh, 500 mesh, 600 mesh, 700 mesh, 800 mesh, 900 mesh, 1000 mesh, 2000 mesh, 3000 mesh, 4000 mesh, 5000 mesh, 6000 mesh, 7000 mesh, 8000 mesh, 9000 mesh, or 10,000 mesh, etc. Optionally, the mesh count of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 20-1000 mesh; even more specifically, the mesh count of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 20-400 mesh.

[0498] In some embodiments, the porosity of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 10%-99%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%. This achieves both effective support for the positive and negative electrodes and increases the volume of the containment space, improving the collision and friction between molecules or between molecules and the positive and negative electrodes in the liquid filler 5, thus promoting the transfer of triboelectric charge between the positive and negative electrodes and the energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device. Optionally, the porosity of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 20%-80%; even more optionally, the porosity of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame can be 50%-80%.

[0499] In some embodiments, the actual material density of the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame is a (g / cm³). 3 The apparent density is b (g / cm³). 3 The ratio of b to a can be 10% to 99%, optionally 20% to 80%, and further optionally 50% to 80%. The actual density refers to the mass per unit volume (i.e., excluding pores) of the material in an absolutely dense state, while the apparent density refers to the mass per unit volume of the material measured in its natural state before assembling the device.

[0500] It is understood that in this application, the porosity of the support refers to the volumetric porosity, which can be measured by methods such as liquid impregnation, gas adsorption (BET) method, and mercury porosimetry. For example, for the porous support layer of the woven mesh structure, the porosity can be tested by gas adsorption method according to GB / T 19587-2017; for the porous support layer of the nonwoven fabric structure, the porosity can be tested according to GB / T42697-2023.

[0501] In some embodiments, the porous support layer 31b and / or the porous support frame may each independently comprise one or more of cotton yarn, cotton, polyester mesh, and fiber paper.

[0502] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 2, referring to Figures 19 and 20, the support member may include a second support member 32, which may include one or more of a first protrusion 32a, a second protrusion 32b, and a porous support layer 32c: a porous support layer 32c and / or multiple first protrusions 32a may be provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the porous support layer 32c and / or the first protrusions 32a supporting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42a connecting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9; and / or, a porous support layer 32c and / or multiple second protrusions 32b may be provided between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the porous support layer 32c and / or the second protrusions 32b supporting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42b connecting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. Example:

[0503] Referring to Figure 20, in some embodiments, a porous support layer 32c may be provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. The porous support layer 32c supports the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42a that connects the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. A porous support layer 32c may be provided between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. The porous support layer 32c supports the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42b that connects the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0504] In some embodiments, a porous support layer 32c may be provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. The porous support layer 32c supports the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42a that connects the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. A plurality of second protrusions 32b may be provided between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. The second protrusions 32b support the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42b that connects the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0505] In some embodiments, a plurality of first protrusions 32a may be provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the first protrusions 32a supporting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42a connecting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9; a porous support layer 32c may be provided between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the porous support layer 32c supporting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42b connecting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0506] In some embodiments, a plurality of first protrusions 32a may be provided between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the first protrusions 32a supporting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42a connecting the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9; a plurality of second protrusions 32b may be provided between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, the second protrusions 32b supporting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 to form a receiving space 42b connecting the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0507] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 2, the first protrusion 32a can be provided on the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the first protrusion 32a can be made of the same material as the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2, or it can be made of a different material. Optionally, the first protrusion 32a can be formed using a porous template during the formation of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2, or it can be formed using a porous template after the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is formed, by means of punching or liquid injection molding.

[0508] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 2, the second protrusion 32b can be provided on the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. Optionally, the second protrusion 32b can be made of the same material as the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1, or it can be made of a different material. Optionally, the second protrusion 32b can be formed using a porous template during the formation of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1, or it can be formed using a porous template after the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 is formed, by means of punching or liquid injection molding.

[0509] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 2, the thicknesses of the first protrusion 32a, the second protrusion 32b, and the porous support layer 32c can each be independently 100nm-2cm, for example, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm. The thickness of the support can be 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, or 2cm, etc., or any range of the above values. The spacing between the positive and negative electrodes and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the support, thereby changing the volume of the accommodating spaces 42a and 42b. Optionally, the thickness of the first protrusion 32a, the second protrusion 32b, and the porous support layer 32c can be independently 2μm-2mm, or optionally 50μm-0.5mm.

[0510] In some embodiments of this application, referring to any one of Figures 20-24, for embodiment 2, the second support member 32 may include a porous support layer 32c:

[0511] In some embodiments, the average pore size of the porous support layer 32c can be 1μm-2mm, for example, it can be 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm. The porous support layer 32c has pore sizes ranging from μm, 350μm, 400μm, 450μm, 500μm, 550μm, 600μm, 650μm, 700μm, 750μm, 800μm, 850μm, 900μm, 950μm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, or 2mm, etc. Optionally, the average pore size of the porous support layer 32c can be 10μm-1mm. Even more optionally, the average pore size of the porous support layer 32c can be 30μm-0.9mm.

[0512] In some embodiments, the porous support layer 32c may have a mesh structure, and the mesh count of the porous support layer 32c may be from 10 mesh to 10,000 mesh, for example, it may be 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 50 mesh, 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh, 350 mesh, 400 mesh, 500 mesh, 600 mesh, 700 mesh, 800 mesh, 900 mesh, 1000 mesh, 2000 mesh, 3000 mesh, 4000 mesh, 5000 mesh, 6000 mesh, 7000 mesh, 8000 mesh, 9000 mesh, or 10,000 mesh. Optionally, the mesh count of the porous support layer 32c may be from 20 mesh to 1000 mesh, and even more preferably, the mesh count of the porous support layer 32c may be from 20 mesh to 400 mesh.

[0513] In some embodiments, the porosity of the porous support layer 32c can be 10%-99%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%. This balances the support effect on the positive and negative electrodes and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, while also increasing the volume of the accommodating spaces 42a and 42b, improving the collision and friction between the liquid filler 5 and the positive and negative electrodes, and promoting the transfer of ions / charges between the positive and negative electrodes and the energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device. Optionally, the porosity of the porous support layer 32c can be 20%-80%; even more preferably, the porosity of the porous support layer 32c can be 50%-80%.

[0514] In some embodiments, the actual material density of the porous support layer 32c is a (g / cm³). 3 The apparent density is b (g / cm³). 3 The ratio of b to a can be 10% to 99%, optionally 20% to 80%, and further optionally 50% to 80%. The actual density refers to the mass per unit volume (i.e., excluding pores) of the material in an absolutely dense state, while the apparent density refers to the mass per unit volume of the material measured in its natural state before assembling the device.

[0515] In some embodiments, the porous support layer 32c may include one or more of cotton yarn, cotton, polyester web, and fiber paper.

[0516] In some embodiments, the first protrusion 32a and the second protrusion 32b may be, independently, including but not limited to, polyester protrusions.

[0517] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG20, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be a cation exchange membrane 9a, an anion exchange membrane 9b, or a bipolar membrane 9c. For example, the ion exchange membrane assembly can be a bipolar membrane 9c, the anode side of which can face the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the anode side of the bipolar membrane 9c faces the negative electrode 2.

[0518] In some embodiments of this application, specifically regarding scheme 2, referring to FIG21, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a and an anion exchange membrane 9b, which may be stacked. That is, the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b may be in direct contact. The cation exchange membrane 9a may face the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2; optionally, the cation exchange membrane 9a may face the negative electrode 2.

[0519] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 2, referring to FIG22, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a and an anion exchange membrane 9b. A second support member 32 is further provided between the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. Optionally, a porous support layer 32c may be provided. The cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b, together with the porous support layer 32c, form a receiving space 42c that communicates with the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. The receiving space 42c is filled with a liquid filler 5, and the liquid filler 5 is in contact with the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. The cation exchange membrane 9a may face the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2; optionally, the cation exchange membrane 9a may face the negative electrode 2.

[0520] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 2, referring to FIG23, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a, an anion exchange membrane 9b, and a bipolar membrane 9c, wherein the bipolar membrane 9c may be stacked between the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. That is, the bipolar membrane 9c may be in direct contact with the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. The cation exchange membrane 9a may face the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2, and the anode side of the bipolar membrane 9c may face the cation exchange membrane 9a or the anion exchange membrane 9b. Optionally, the cation exchange membrane 9a may face the negative electrode 2, and the anode side of the bipolar membrane 9c may face the anion exchange membrane 9b.

[0521] In some embodiments of this application, regarding scheme 2, referring to FIG24, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a, an anion exchange membrane 9b, and a bipolar membrane 9c. The bipolar membrane 9c is disposed between the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b. A second support member 32 is also provided between the bipolar membrane 9c and the cation exchange membrane 9a. Optionally, a porous support layer 32c may be provided. The bipolar membrane 9c, the cation exchange membrane 9a, and the porous support layer 32c form a receiving space 42d that connects the bipolar membrane 9c and the cation exchange membrane 9a. A second support member 32 is also provided between the bipolar membrane 9c and the anion exchange membrane 9b. Optionally, a porous support layer 32c may be provided. The bipolar membrane 9c, the anion exchange membrane 9b, and the porous support layer 32c form a receiving space 42e that connects the bipolar membrane 9c and the anion exchange membrane 9b. The cation exchange membrane 9a may face the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2, and the anode side of the bipolar membrane 9c may face the cation exchange membrane 9a or the anion exchange membrane 9b. Optionally, the cation exchange membrane 9a may face the negative electrode 2, and the anode side of the bipolar membrane 9c may face the anion exchange membrane 9b.

[0522] In some embodiments of this application, regarding embodiment 2, referring to Figures 22 or 24, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 includes at least a cation exchange membrane 9a and an anion exchange membrane 9b. The ion exchange membrane assembly 9 has containment spaces (e.g., 42c, or 42d and / or 42e). The liquid filler filling the containment spaces (e.g., 42c, or 42d and / or 42e) in the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be the same as or different from the liquid filler filling the containment spaces (42a and / or 42b) between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the liquid filler filling the containment spaces (e.g., 42c, or 42d and / or 42e) in the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may be different from the liquid filler filling the containment spaces (42a and / or 42b) between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2.

[0523] Taking anion (or cation) exchange membrane as the ion exchange membrane module 9 as an example, the liquid filler will collide and rub against the positive and negative electrodes due to the molecular thermal motion of the fluid, generating a potential difference between them. Driven by this potential difference, ions inside the liquid filler undergo directional migration, and anion (or cation) exchange occurs in the anion (or cation) exchange membrane and the space between it and the positive and negative electrodes, realizing the directional charge transfer between the positive and negative electrodes. The anode and cathode sides of the bipolar membrane have the same working mechanism as cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes. When cation exchange membranes, anion exchange membranes (and bipolar membranes) are combined and placed, a large number of ions are present between the ion exchange membrane module and the positive and negative electrodes respectively (the space between the anion exchange membrane and its corresponding electrode contains more cations, and the space between the cation exchange membrane and its corresponding electrode contains more anions). Taking an aqueous liquid filler as an example, the ion exchange membrane will also release cations and anions in an aqueous environment, increasing the ionic conductivity inside the device, reducing the internal resistance of the device, and increasing the ion transport function, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the current.

[0524] In some embodiments of this application, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can have one or more of the following technical effects: selectively permeate and separate ions (including existing ions and / or ions generated by collision and friction) in the liquid filler; reduce the ion transfer resistance in the device; and generate ionized ions in the aqueous solution, which further enhances the ion conductivity of the liquid filler.

[0525] In some embodiments of this application, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a, which may include one or more of the following: a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane, a partially fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, a non-fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, and an inorganic / organic-inorganic composite proton exchange membrane. For example, the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane may include, but is not limited to, a perfluorosulfonic acid / polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) copolymer. For example, the partially fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane may include, but is not limited to, a polymer membrane formed by functionalizing a non-perfluorinated backbone (such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyphenylene ether (PPO), polysulfone (PSF), or polystyrene (PS)) with sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) (i.e., introducing -SO3H onto the benzene ring through a sulfonation reaction). For example, inorganic / organic-inorganic composite proton exchange membranes may include, but are not limited to, proton exchange membranes formed by combining inorganic proton-conducting components (such as ceramics, metal oxides, MOFs (metal-organic frameworks)) with organic polymers (such as perfluorosulfonic acid polymers (Nafion), sulfonated polyether ether ketones (SPEEK)).

[0526] In some embodiments of this application, the cation exchange membrane 9a may be a proton membrane.

[0527] In some embodiments of this application, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include an anion exchange membrane 9b, which may include a polyolefin-based anion exchange membrane, a polystyrene-based anion exchange membrane, a polyether-based anion exchange membrane, or a heterocyclic polymer-based anion exchange membrane. For example, the polyether-based anion exchange membrane may include, but is not limited to, a blend formed from polyetheretherketone and polyphenylene ether.

[0528] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode 1 may further include a positive electrode friction layer 12, at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode side, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 being greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1, and further, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be greater than the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode current collector 11. Optionally, referring to FIG11 or FIG12, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, in which case the entire surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 faces the negative electrode side. Alternatively, referring to Figures 14 or 16, the positive current collector 11 can be a mesh structure. The positive current collector 11 can be disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2, with a portion of the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode side. The triboelectric charge density of the positive current collector 11 is greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. Distributing the current collector in a mesh form inside the friction layer helps to reduce the surface resistance of the friction layer while retaining gaps in contact between the liquid filler 5 and the friction layer.

[0529] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the negative electrode 2 may further include a negative electrode friction layer 22, at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode side. Optionally, the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22 is less than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2. Further, the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be less than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector 21. Optionally, referring to FIG11 or FIG13, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, in which case the entire surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 faces the positive electrode side. Alternatively, referring to Figures 14 or 15, the negative electrode current collector 21 can be a mesh structure. The negative electrode current collector 21 can be disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1, with a portion of the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the negative electrode side. The triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector 21 is less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2. Distributing the current collector in a mesh form inside the friction layer helps to reduce the surface resistance of the friction layer while retaining gaps in contact between the liquid filler 5 and the friction layer.

[0530] The following example, using Scheme 1 as an example, illustrates the combination of positive and negative electrode structures that are applicable to both Scheme 1 and Scheme 2:

[0531] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 serves as both a current collector and a friction layer, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector 21.

[0532] In some embodiments, referring to FIG8, the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode friction layer 22. It is understood that in this structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 serves as both a current collector and a friction layer, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode current collector 11 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22.

[0533] In some embodiments, referring to FIG6, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2; the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the negative electrode friction layer 22. It is understood that in this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than that of the negative electrode friction layer 22.

[0534] In some embodiments, referring to FIG16, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, the positive electrode current collector 11 has a mesh structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 serves as both a current collector and a friction layer, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector 21.

[0535] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, and the positive electrode current collector 11 has a mesh structure, with the positive electrode current collector 11 disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2; the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, with the negative electrode friction layer 22 disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the first support member 31 disposed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode friction layer 22. It is understood that in this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than that of the negative electrode friction layer 22; optionally, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode current collector 11 is greater than that of the negative electrode friction layer 22.

[0536] In some embodiments, referring to FIG14, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, and the positive electrode current collector 11 has a mesh structure, with the positive electrode current collector 11 disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2; the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, and the negative electrode current collector 21 has a mesh structure, with the negative electrode current collector 21 disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1; the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22.

[0537] In some embodiments, referring to FIG15, the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, the negative electrode current collector 21 has a mesh structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 is disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode friction layer 22. It can be understood that in this structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 serves as both a current collector and a friction layer, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode current collector 11 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22.

[0538] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2; the negative electrode 2 further includes a negative electrode friction layer 22, the negative electrode current collector 21 has a mesh structure, and the negative electrode current collector 21 is disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1, and the first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer 22; optionally, the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector 21.

[0539] It should be noted that the nine optional structural combinations listed above for positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 also apply to scheme 2. In actual operation, only the remaining structures and compositions in scheme 2 need to be adjusted adaptively.

[0540] In some embodiments of this application, when at least one of the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 is a mesh structure, the mesh structures of the two can independently satisfy one or more of the following conditions:

[0541] In some embodiments, the average pore size of the mesh structure can be 1μm-2mm, for example, it can be 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, or 300μm. The mesh size can be 350μm, 400μm, 450μm, 500μm, 550μm, 600μm, 650μm, 700μm, 750μm, 800μm, 850μm, 900μm, 950μm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, or 2mm, etc. Optionally, the average pore size of the mesh structure can be 10μm-1mm. Even more optionally, the average pore size of the mesh structure can be 30μm-0.9mm.

[0542] In some embodiments, the mesh count of the mesh structure can be from 10 meshes to 10,000 meshes, for example, 10 meshes, 20 meshes, 50 meshes, 100 meshes, 150 meshes, 200 meshes, 250 meshes, 300 meshes, 350 meshes, 400 meshes, 500 meshes, 600 meshes, 700 meshes, 800 meshes, 900 meshes, 1000 meshes, 2000 meshes, 3000 meshes, 4000 meshes, 5000 meshes, 6000 meshes, 7000 meshes, 8000 meshes, 9000 meshes, or 10,000 meshes. Optionally, the mesh count of the mesh structure can be from 20 meshes to 1000 meshes, and even more preferably, the mesh count of the mesh structure can be from 20 meshes to 400 meshes.

[0543] In some embodiments, the porosity of the mesh structure can be 10%-99%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%. Optionally, the porosity of the mesh structure can be 20%-80%; even more preferably, the porosity of the mesh structure can be 50%-80%.

[0544] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode 1 further includes a positive electrode friction layer 12, the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 can be an uneven surface and / or have a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the negative electrode 2. This increases the effective contact area between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the liquid filler 5, improves the collision and friction between molecules and possibly ions in the liquid filler 5 and the positive electrode, and promotes energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0545] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 may consist only of a positive electrode current collector 11 and a positive electrode friction layer 12. The structure of the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing away from the negative electrode 2 is not particularly limited, as long as the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure. For example, an uneven surface and / or a porous structure can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 by adjusting the preparation process of the positive electrode friction layer 12, by using a porous carrier, or by processing the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the positive electrode current collector 11 supporting the positive electrode friction layer 12 on the side facing the negative electrode 2. For example, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be loaded with a porous carrier, or a porous template can be used to punch holes in the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2, or a friction material protrusion can be prepared on the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 using a porous template, or the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the positive electrode current collector 11 loading the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 can be etched or corroded to form an uneven surface and / or a porous structure on the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2.

[0546] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG7, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be located on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, and the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure.

[0547] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG16, the positive electrode current collector 11 can be a mesh structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 is located on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2, the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure, and the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 away from the negative electrode 2 is a dense structure or has an additional dense structure layer.

[0548] In some embodiments, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode current collector 11, a first porous carrier (not shown), and a positive electrode friction layer 12. The first porous carrier may be disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, and the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be disposed on the surface of the first porous carrier. The first porous carrier includes an opening facing the negative electrode 2. The porous carrier facilitates making the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 an uneven surface and / or forming a porous structure. Optionally, the first porous carrier may include, but is not limited to, foamed metal, such as foamed copper. Further alternatively, the first porous carrier may be made of the same material as the positive electrode current collector 11.

[0549] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the negative electrode 2 may further include a negative electrode friction layer 22, the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 may be an uneven surface and / or have a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the positive electrode 1. This increases the effective contact area between the negative electrode friction layer 22 and the liquid filler 5, improves the collision and friction between molecules and any ions present in the liquid filler 5 and the negative electrode, and promotes energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0550] In some embodiments, the negative electrode 2 may consist only of a negative electrode current collector 21 and a negative electrode friction layer 22. The structure of the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing away from the positive electrode 1 is not particularly limited, as long as the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure. For example, an uneven surface and / or a porous structure can be formed on the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 by adjusting the preparation process of the negative electrode friction layer 22, by using a porous carrier, or by processing the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 or the negative electrode current collector 21 supporting the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1. For example, the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be loaded with a porous carrier, or a porous template can be used to punch holes in the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1, or a friction material protrusion can be prepared on the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 using a porous template, or the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 or the negative electrode current collector 21 that loads the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 can be etched or corroded to form an uneven surface and / or a porous structure on the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1.

[0551] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG8, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be located on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure.

[0552] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG15, the negative electrode current collector 21 can be a mesh structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 is located on the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1, the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure, and the side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 away from the positive electrode 1 is a dense structure or has an additional dense structure layer.

[0553] In some embodiments, the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode current collector 21, a second porous carrier (not shown), and a negative electrode friction layer 22. The second porous carrier may be disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be disposed on the surface of the second porous carrier. The second porous carrier includes an opening facing the positive electrode 1. The porous carrier facilitates making the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 an uneven surface and / or forming a porous structure. Optionally, the second porous carrier may include, but is not limited to, foamed metal, such as foamed copper. Further alternatively, the second porous carrier may be made of the same material as the negative electrode current collector 21.

[0554] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode current collector 11 may be one or more of metals, metal compounds, and carbon materials, including but not limited to. It is understood that the carbon material used as the current collector is a carbon conductor. Optionally, the metal compound may include, but is not limited to, metal alloys, iron(III) oxide, etc. Optionally, the positive electrode current collector 11 may be a metal current collector; for example, the positive electrode current collector 11 may be a metal foil, such as copper foil or aluminum foil.

[0555] In some embodiments of this application, the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer 12, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more of metals, metal compounds, inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Optionally, for embodiments 1 and / or 2: the positive electrode friction layer 12 may include, but is not limited to, one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Optionally, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be an insulating layer. Optionally, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be a first polymer layer or an inorganic non-metallic compound layer. For example, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be a polyamide (PA) layer, which may be located on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2. As another example, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be an inorganic non-metallic compound layer, such as a glass layer, in which case the positive electrode current collector 11 may be a mesh structure, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2. Optionally, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be an insulating layer, such as a first polymer layer or an inorganic non-metallic compound layer. The positive electrode friction layer 12 can be disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode friction layer 12 can be doped with a conductive agent. Optionally, the conductive agent doped in the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be of the same material as the positive electrode current collector, which helps to reduce the risk of electrochemical reactions that may interfere with the power generation performance and / or lifespan of the device due to the difference in materials between the conductive agent and the current collector.

[0556] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector 11 can be placed in a polymer solution and a first polymer layer can be laminated onto one side of the positive electrode current collector 11 by dip-coating, that is, a positive electrode friction layer 12 containing polymer material can be formed on the positive electrode current collector 11.

[0557] In some embodiments of this application, the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer 22. The negative electrode friction layer 22 may include, but is not limited to, one or more of metals, metal compounds, inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Optionally, for embodiments 1 and / or 2: the negative electrode friction layer 22 may include, but is not limited to, one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be an insulating layer. Optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be a second polymer layer. For example, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be one or more of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Further optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be a polystyrene (PS) layer or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layer. Optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be an insulating layer, such as a second polymer layer. The negative electrode friction layer 22 may be disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1. The negative electrode friction layer 22 may be doped with a conductive agent. Optionally, the conductive agent doped in the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be the same material as the negative electrode current collector 21, which helps to reduce the risk of electrochemical reactions that may interfere with the power generation performance and / or lifespan of the device due to the different materials of the conductive agent and the current collector.

[0558] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector 21 can be placed in a polymer solution and a second polymer layer can be laminated onto one side of the negative electrode current collector 21 by dip-coating, that is, a negative electrode friction layer 22 containing polymer material can be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21.

[0559] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG11, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode 1 may include a positive electrode friction layer 12, the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, and the thickness of the positive electrode friction layer 12 may be 1nm-1mm, such as 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 200nm. The thickness of the molecular energy power generation device can be m, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, or 1mm, etc., or can be any range of the above values. This is beneficial for controlling the overall internal resistance of the molecular energy power generation device within a suitable range. Optionally, the thickness of the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be 1nm-10μm, further optionally 10nm-1μm, or further optionally 20nm-200nm.

[0560] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG11, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the negative electrode 2 may include a negative electrode friction layer 22, the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, and the thickness of the negative electrode friction layer 22 may be 1nm-1mm, such as 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 200nm. The thickness of the molecular energy power generation device can be m, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, or 1mm, etc., or can be any range of the above values. This is beneficial for controlling the overall internal resistance of the molecular energy power generation device within a suitable range. Optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be 1nm-10μm, further optionally 10nm-1μm, or further optionally 20nm-200nm.

[0561] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode 1 may further include a positive electrode friction layer 12, the surface of which may be a hydrophobic surface. The liquid filler 5 may include water, such as water as the liquid filler, or water as the solvent and / or dispersion medium. Providing a hydrophobic surface can inhibit the liquid filler 5 from adhering to the friction layer surface, thereby reducing the risk of reduced effective contact area between the friction layer and the liquid filler 5, which could affect the molecular energy conversion efficiency. Optionally, the contact angle of the hydrophobic surface can be greater than 90°, for example, it can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175° or 180°, etc.; further optionally, the contact angle of the hydrophobic surface can be 120°-180°, and even more optionally, it can be 150°-180°.

[0562] In some embodiments, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be prepared using a material with hydrophobic properties to form a hydrophobic surface. Alternatively, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be made hydrophobic by doping or modifying the material. Optionally, the positive electrode friction layer 12 can satisfy one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or linked with hydrophobic groups, thereby facilitating a better hydrophobic surface for the positive electrode friction layer 12. It should be noted that the hydrophobic agent, the nanomaterials, the hydrophobic groups, and the corresponding hydrophobic modification process can be conventional choices in the art, as long as the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 is hydrophobic.

[0563] For example, taking a positive electrode 1 including a positive electrode friction layer 12, wherein the positive electrode friction layer 12 is located on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2, the positive electrode current collector 11 is a copper foil, and the positive electrode friction layer 12 is a PA66 film, the preparation process and hydrophobic modification of the positive electrode friction layer 12 can be achieved, including but not limited to, through the following methods:

[0564] The preparation process of the positive electrode friction layer 12 may specifically include: preparing a PA66 solution with a mass concentration of approximately 2% using formic acid as a solvent. Weigh the required mass of PA66 powder and formic acid, pour the formic acid into a conical flask, and place it in a constant temperature water bath at approximately 60°C with a stirrer. Gradually add the PA66 powder and stir until the PA66 is fully dissolved for film preparation. Optionally, a PA66 film can be prepared first using the prepared solution and then fixed to one side of the positive electrode current collector; alternatively, the prepared solution can be poured into a beaker and a dip-coating machine can be used for film preparation. Fix the copper foil in a fixture and dip-coat it in the PA66 solution. For example, the dip-coating rate can be set to 20000 μm / s, the pulling rate to 500 μm / s, and there can be no dip-coating time. After pulling, place it on a hot plate and dry it at approximately 60°C for about 10 minutes. After drying, repeat the above pulling process twice. The prepared film is placed in a constant temperature drying oven for heat treatment, such as holding it at 180℃ for 1 hour.

[0565] The hydrophobic modification process of the positive electrode friction layer 12 may include: (1) mixing fluorinated acrylate polymer with deionized water and ultrasonically treating it to obtain a uniform dispersion. Optionally, nanoparticles, such as TiO2 nanoparticles, may be added to the dispersion; (2) immersing the prepared PA66 film (such as the positive electrode current collector 11 prepared by the dip-coating method on the surface of the current collector, which may be together with the PA66 film) into the dispersion to fully wet it; (3) transferring the “PA66 film + dispersion” into a hydrothermal reactor and sealing it for heat preservation. For example, it can be kept at 120°C for about 3 hours to perform hydrothermal self-assembly; (4) after the hydrothermal reactor is cooled, the fabric is taken out and dried and cured. For example, it can be done at about 90°C.

[0566] Alternatively, the hydrophobic modification process of the positive electrode friction layer 12 may include: (1) immersing the prepared PA66 membrane (e.g., prepared on the surface of the current collector by the dip-coating method, with the positive electrode current collector 11 along with the PA66 membrane) in an alkaline solution (e.g., NaOH solution) to achieve hydrolysis activation of the membrane surface; (2) repeatedly rinsing the hydrolyzed membrane with deionized water to remove residual alkali, and then drying it in a vacuum oven; (3) modifying the membrane surface with hydrophobic groups, such as transferring the dried membrane to a drying oven and immersing it in a polyacrylamide (PAM) solution with a concentration of 0.05% to 0.50%, and adsorbing a layer of PAM molecules with amino end groups onto the membrane surface through electrostatic self-assembly; (4) removing the modified membrane and allowing it to dry naturally in the air.

[0567] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the negative electrode 2 may further include a negative electrode friction layer 22, the surface of which may be a hydrophobic surface. The liquid filler 5 may include water, such as water as the liquid filler, or water as the solvent and / or dispersion medium. Providing a hydrophobic surface can inhibit the liquid filler 5 from adhering to the friction layer surface, thereby reducing the risk of reduced effective contact area between the friction layer and the liquid filler 5, which could affect the molecular energy conversion efficiency.

[0568] In some embodiments, the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be prepared using a material with hydrophobic properties to form a hydrophobic surface. Alternatively, the material of the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be doped or modified to form a hydrophobic surface. Optionally, the negative electrode friction layer 22 can satisfy one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or linked with hydrophobic groups, thereby improving the surface hydrophobicity of the negative electrode friction layer 22. It should be noted that the hydrophobic agent, the nanomaterials, the hydrophobic groups, and the corresponding hydrophobic modification process can be conventional choices in the art, as long as the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 is hydrophobic. Optionally, the contact angle of the hydrophobic surface can be greater than 90°, for example, it can be 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, 135°, 140°, 145°, 150°, 155°, 160°, 165°, 170°, 175° or 180°, etc.; further optionally, the contact angle of the hydrophobic surface can be 120°-180°, and even more optionally, it can be 150°-180°.

[0569] For example, taking a negative electrode 2 including a negative electrode friction layer 22, wherein the negative electrode friction layer 22 is located on the side of the negative electrode current collector 21 facing the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode current collector 21 is a copper foil, and the negative electrode friction layer 22 is a PS film, the preparation process and hydrophobic modification of the negative electrode friction layer 22 can be achieved, including but not limited to, through the following methods:

[0570] The preparation process of the negative electrode friction layer 22 may specifically include: preparing a 4% (w / w) polystyrene (PS) solution using benzene as a solvent. Weigh the required mass of PS powder and benzene solvent, pour the benzene into an Erlenmeyer flask, and place it in a constant temperature water bath at approximately 60°C with a stirrer. Gradually add the PS powder and stir until the PS is fully dissolved. The prepared PS solution can be directly used for film preparation. Optionally, a PS film can be prepared first using the prepared solution, and then fixed to one side of the negative electrode current collector; alternatively, the prepared solution can be poured into a beaker, and a dip-coating machine can be used to prepare the film. The dip-coating process and heat treatment process of the PS film can be consistent with the process of the PA66 film described above.

[0571] The hydrophobic modification process of the negative electrode friction layer 22 may include: incorporating silane-modified nanoparticles into the PS film. For example, taking fluorosilane-modified nano-SiO2 as an example, it may include: (1) mixing fluorosilane coupling agent with ethanol to prepare a fluorinated modification solution; (2) mixing nano-SiO2 and the fluorinated modification solution, and using continuous stirring or other methods to fully graft the fluorosilane coupling agent onto the SiO2 surface; (3) placing the modified SiO2 mixture into a vacuum drying oven for drying to obtain hydrophobic modified SiO2; (4) grinding and refining the hydrophobic modified SiO2, and then doping it into the PS solution to form a film.

[0572] Alternatively, the hydrophobic modification process of the negative electrode friction layer 22 may include: (1) mixing the fluorinated acrylate polymer with deionized water and ultrasonically treating it to obtain a uniform dispersion. Optionally, nanoparticles, such as TiO2 nanoparticles, may be added to the dispersion; (2) immersing the prepared PS film (such as preparing it on the surface of the current collector by the dip-coating method, and the negative electrode current collector 21 can be along with the PS film) into the dispersion to fully wet it; (3) transferring the "PS film + dispersion" into a hydrothermal reactor and sealing it for heat preservation, such as keeping it at 120°C for about 3 hours to perform hydrothermal self-assembly; (4) taking out the fabric and drying and curing it after the hydrothermal reactor is cooled, such as at about 90°C.

[0573] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the positive electrode 1 may further include a positive electrode friction layer 12, which may be disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector 11 facing the negative electrode 2; or, the positive electrode current collector has a mesh structure and is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode. The difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 may be equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m². 2 For example, it can be 0.1 μC / m 2 0.2μC / m 2 0.5μC / m 2 0.8μC / m 2 1μC / m 2 2μC / m 2 5μC / m 2 8μC / m 2 10μC / m 2 15μC / m 2 20μC / m 2 25μC / m 2 30μC / m 2 35μC / m 2 40μC / m 2 45μC / m2 50μC / m 2 55μC / m 2 60μC / m 2 65μC / m 2 70μC / m 2 75μC / m 2 80μC / m 2 85μC / m 2 90μC / m 2 95μC / m 2 100μC / m 2 105μC / m 2 110μC / m 2 115μC / m 2 120μC / m 2 125μC / m 2 130μC / m 2 135μC / m 2 140μC / m 2 145μC / m 2 150μC / m 2 155μC / m 2 160μC / m 2 165μC / m 2 170μC / m 2 175μC / m 2 180μC / m 2 185μC / m 2 190μC / m 2 195μC / m 2 200μC / m 2 210μC / m 2 220μC / m 2 Or 250μC / m 2 ...etc., or it can be a range of any of the above values, such as 0.1 μC / m 2 -200μC / m 2 Or 0.1μC / m 2 -100μC / m 2 Wait a minute. Increasing the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 is beneficial for increasing the potential difference generated between the positive and negative electrodes. Optionally, the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 can be equal to or greater than 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

[0574] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the difference in triboelectric charge density between the support member and the liquid filler 5 can be less than or equal to 100 μC / m 2 For example, it can be 0-100μC / m 2 or less than or equal to 100 μC / m 2 90μC / m 2 80μC / m 2 70μC / m 2 60μC / m 2 50μC / m 2 40μC / m 2 30μC / m 2 20μC / m 2 10μC / m 2 9μC / m 2 8μC / m 2 7μC / m 2 6μC / m 2 5μC / m 2 4μC / m 2 3μC / m 2 2μC / m 2 1μC / m 2 0.9μC / m 2 0.8μC / m 2 0.7μC / m 2 0.6μC / m 2 0.5μC / m 2 0.4μC / m 2 0.3μC / m 2 0.2μC / m 2 Or 0.1μC / m 2 The values ​​can be , etc., or a range of any of the above values. This helps reduce the interference charge generated by friction between the support and the liquid filler 5, promoting the transfer of triboelectric charge between the positive and negative electrodes and the energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device. Optionally, the difference in triboelectric charge density between the support and the liquid filler 5 can be less than or equal to 10 μC / m³. 2 The optional value can be less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 It can also be selected to be less than or equal to 0.1μC / m 2 .

[0575] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the triboelectric charge density of the support member can be greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2. This helps to reduce the interference charge generated by friction between the support member and the liquid filler 5, promoting the transfer of triboelectric charge between the positive and negative electrodes and the energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0576] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the thickness of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be independently 1nm-20cm, for example, 1nm, 2nm, 5nm, 10nm, 12nm, 15nm, 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1μm, 2μm, 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 12μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 80μm, 100cm ... μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 30mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 200mm, 300mm, 500mm, 800mm, 1cm, 2cm, 5cm, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, 15cm, 18cm, or 20cm, etc., or can be any range of the above values. Optionally, the thickness of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can each be independently 50nm-2cm. Further optionally, the thickness of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can each be independently 100nm-2mm.

[0577] It is understood that in the molecular energy power generation device of this application, the liquid filler 5, the support, the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 or the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the positive electrode current collector 11, the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode friction layer 22 or the negative electrode current collector 21, and the optional ion exchange membrane assembly 9 should have good stability. That is, the support, the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 or the positive electrode friction layer 12 or the positive electrode current collector 11, the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode friction layer 22 or the negative electrode current collector 21, and the optional ion exchange membrane assembly 9 should not easily dissolve or swell or corrode in the liquid filler 5. Optionally, the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is insoluble in the liquid filler 5, and the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 is insoluble in the liquid filler 5. The specific combination of materials and composition of the liquid filler 5, support, positive electrode 1 (positive electrode friction layer 12 or positive electrode current collector 11) and negative electrode 2 (negative electrode friction layer 22 or negative electrode current collector 21), and the optional ion exchange membrane assembly 9 can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.

[0578] In some embodiments of this application, the liquid filler 5 may have a different triboelectric charge density than the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2, and also different from the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. For example, the triboelectric charge density of the liquid filler 5 may be greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 but less than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2. This facilitates the collision and friction between the liquid filler 5 and the positive and negative electrodes 1 and 2, thereby generating opposite triboelectric charges and promoting energy conversion in the molecular energy power generation device.

[0579] In some embodiments of this application, for scheme 1 and / or scheme 2: the liquid filler 5 may include one or more of pure liquids, solutions, emulsions, colloids, and suspensions. Optionally, the colloid may include one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids. For example:

[0580] In some embodiments, the liquid filler 5 may include a pure liquid. Optionally, the pure liquid may include, but is not limited to, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, or water. For example, the pure liquid may be ethanol, pentane, octane, dodecane, silicone oil, ethyl acetate, benzene, phenol, N,N-dimethylformamide, or water, etc.

[0581] In some embodiments, the liquid filler 5 may include a solution comprising a solute and a solvent, wherein the solute may include a solid solute and / or a liquid solute.

[0582] Optionally, the solid solute may be one or more of the following: polymer materials, electrolyte materials, carbohydrate materials, etc.

[0583] Optionally, the polymeric material may include water-soluble polymers and / or water-insoluble polymers.

[0584] Optionally, the water-soluble polymer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of acrylic polymers, alcohol polymers, ether polymers, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic polymers, and polysaccharide polymers. For example, the water-soluble polymer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, chitosan, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives.

[0585] Optionally, the water-insoluble polymer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of hydrocarbon polymers and hydrocarbon derivative polymers. Optionally, the hydrocarbon derivative polymer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, halogenated ether polymers, polyester polymers, acrylate polymers, nitrogen-containing polymers, polysiloxane polymers, polyetheretherketone polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polyaldehyde polymers, and polyvinyl butyral polymers. Optionally, the nitrogen-containing polymer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of nitrile polymers, amide polymers, and polyimide polymers. For example, the water-insoluble polymer may include, but is not limited to, polyethylene, polyhalogenated ethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polychloroether, ethylene-propylene copolymer, halogenated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyoxymethylene, and polyvinyl butyral.

[0586] Optionally, the number-average molecular weight of the polymer material can be between 3 million and 200,000, for example, 300, 500, 1000, 3000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000, 25,000, 30,000, 35,000, 40,000, 45,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, 120,000, 150,000, 180,000, or 200,000, etc., or can be any range of the above values. Controlling the number-average molecular weight of the polymer material to meet the given range is beneficial to giving the liquid filler suitable fluidity, thereby improving the ability of the liquid filler to collide with the positive and negative electrodes and generate electricity through friction, and promoting energy conversion. Optionally, the number-average molecular weight of the polymer material can be between 30 million and 100,000. Even more optionally, the number-average molecular weight of the polymer material can be between 50 million and 50,000.

[0587] Optionally, the liquid solute and the solvent may each independently include one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water. For example, the liquid solute and the solvent may each independently include, but are not limited to, one or more of ethanol, pentane, octane, dodecane, silicone oil, ethyl acetate, benzene, phenol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and water.

[0588] In some specific examples, the liquid filler 5 may include a solution, which may include one or more of the following: water-soluble polymer solution, water-insoluble polymer solution, surfactant solution, electrolyte solution, and sugar solution. Macromolecules, ions, colloids, or particles that may be present in the liquid filler 5 will undergo chain segment motion / Brownian motion under the impetus of smaller molecules. Within a confined space, the liquid filler will generate opposite triboelectric charges due to collisions and friction between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 caused by the random motion of molecules, ions, colloids, particles, or possible molecular chain segments.

[0589] For example, the liquid filler 5 may include a solution, the solute of which may include a polymer material. Optionally, the liquid filler 5 may include a water-soluble polymer solution and / or a non-water-soluble polymer solution. In the liquid filler 5, the mass concentration of the polymer material can be 0.1%-50%, for example, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, or 50%, etc. Controlling the content of the polymer material within the given range is beneficial for giving the liquid filler suitable fluidity, thereby improving the ability of the liquid filler to collide with the positive and negative electrodes and generate electricity through friction, promoting energy conversion. Optionally, the mass concentration of the polymer material can be 1-30%, further optionally 5%-20%, and still optionally 2.5%-20%. Optionally, the solvent of the solution may include, but is not limited to, one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water.

[0590] For example, the liquid filler 5 may include an electrolyte solution. Optionally, the electrolyte solution may include one or more of acids, bases, and salts, such as, but not limited to, strong acids, strong bases, weak acids, weak bases, strong acid-strong base salts, strong acid-weak base salts, strong base-weak acid salts, and weak acid-weak base salts. For example, the electrolyte may include, but is not limited to, sulfuric acid, glycine, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium glycinate, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, and polymer electrolytes.

[0591] Optionally, the polymer electrolyte may be one or more of sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, etc. Further optionally, the polyacrylamide may be cationic polyacrylamide.

[0592] Optionally, the molar concentration of the electrolyte in the liquid filler 5 can be between 0.005 mol / L and 5 mol / L, for example, 0.005 mol / L, 0.015 mol / L, 0.025 mol / L, 0.035 mol / L, 0.045 mol / L, 0.055 mol / L, 0.065 mol / L, 0.075 mol / L, 0.085 mol / L, 0.095 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L, 0.2 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L, etc. The concentrations of the electrolyte can be 0.01 mol / L, 0.8 mol / L, 1 mol / L, 1.2 mol / L, 1.5 mol / L, 1.8 mol / L, 2 mol / L, 2.2 mol / L, 2.5 mol / L, 2.8 mol / L, 3 mol / L, 3.2 mol / L, 3.5 mol / L, 3.8 mol / L, 4 mol / L, 4.2 mol / L, 4.5 mol / L, 4.8 mol / L, or 5 mol / L, or any range of the above values. This allows for the control of frictional collisions and / or ionic conductivity between the liquid filler and the positive and negative electrodes, thereby promoting a reduction in internal resistance and an improvement in device performance. Optionally, the molar concentration of the electrolyte can be 0.01 mol / L to 1 mol / L, or more specifically, 0.05 mol / L to 0.8 mol / L.

[0593] Optionally, the solvent of the electrolyte solution may be one or more selected from water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones. For example, the solvent of the electrolyte solution may be one or more selected from water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, n-propylamine, n-propionaldehyde, n-octane, and n-dodecane. Optionally, the water may be insulating water or weakly electrolyte water.

[0594] For example, the liquid filler 5 may include a sugar solution, which may include a sugar solute and a solvent.

[0595] Optionally, the carbohydrate solute may include one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and carbohydrate derivatives. It is understood that "oligosaccharide" refers to a low-degree polymeric sugar composed of 2 to 10 monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.

[0596] Optionally, the monosaccharide may include, but is not limited to, one or more of glucose, xylose, fructose, mannose, ribose, and deoxyribose.

[0597] Optionally, the oligosaccharide may include, but is not limited to, disaccharides and / or other low-degree polymeric sugars. Further alternatively, the oligosaccharide may include, but is not limited to, one or more of lactose, sucrose, maltose, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, chitosan oligosaccharides, and mannan oligosaccharides.

[0598] Optionally, the polysaccharide may include, but is not limited to, one or more of pectin, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, chitin, inulin, chitosan, and cellulose.

[0599] Optionally, the sugar derivative may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: xylofrasu, xylitol, xylopyranose, mannitol, sorbitol, gluconic acid, glucosamine, glucoside, and arabinitol.

[0600] Optionally, the molecular weight of the carbohydrate solute can be 17-200,000, for example, it can be 100, 150, 180, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, etc. 0, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, 110,000, 120,000, 130,000, 140,000, 150,000, 160,000, 170,000, 180,000, 190,000, or 200,000, etc., or any range of the above values. Optionally, the molecular weight of the carbohydrate solute can be 90-1800, further optionally 150-900, and even more optionally 180-450.

[0601] Optionally, the mass concentration of the sugar solute in the liquid filler 5 can be 0.1%-60%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, or 60%, etc., or can be any range of the above values. This facilitates the control of the effective number of triboelectric-generating groups and the conductivity of the filler, thereby promoting a reduction in device internal resistance and an improvement in device performance. Optionally, the mass concentration of the sugar solute in the liquid filler 5 can be 0.5%-10%, and more preferably 0.5%-5%.

[0602] Optionally, the solvent for the sugar solution may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones. For example, the solvent may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, n-propylamine, n-propionaldehyde, n-octane, and n-dodecane.

[0603] In some specific examples, the liquid filler 5 may include a surfactant solution comprising a surfactant and a solvent, wherein the mass concentration of at least one of the surfactants in the liquid filler 5 is less than the critical micelle concentration.

[0604] Optionally, the surfactant may include one or more of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. For example, the surfactant may include one or more of anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. As another example, the surfactant may include one or more of cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants.

[0605] Optionally, the anionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sulfonates, sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphates. For example, the sulfonate anionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium pentadecyl sulfonate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, dodecyl α-olefin sulfonate, tetradecyl α-olefin sulfonate, hexadecyl α-olefin sulfonate, sodium decylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium tetradecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl succinate monoester sulfonate, and sodium dioctadecyl succinate diester sulfonate. For example, the sulfate anionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, lithium dodecyl sulfate, magnesium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate. For example, carboxylate anionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium lauryl glutamate, potassium stearate, potassium lauroate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium cocoyl glycinate, sodium lauryl ether carboxylate, and sodium cetearyl ether carboxylate. For example, phosphate ester anionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, one or more of sodium dodecyl phosphate, potassium hexadecyl phosphate, dipotassium cetyl phosphate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, ammonium stearyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, potassium nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, and sodium phenyl phosphate.

[0606] Optionally, the cationic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, and heterocyclic surfactants. For example, the quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, hydroxystearamide propyltrimethylammonium chloride, cocamidopropyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, denatum saccharin, benzyl denatum, PPG diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow propylene dimethylammonium dimethyl sulfate, Basic Blue 99, HC Blue No. 17, and Basic Blue 22, one or more of these. For example, the amine salt cationic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of dodecaneamine hydrochloride, octylamine hydrochloride, stearamine hydrochloride, laurylamine sulfate, norepinephrine hydrochloride, Basic Violet 2, stearamide ethylethanolamine phosphate, Basic Blue 47, stearamide propyl dimethylamine phosphate, and olafluridine. For example, the heterocyclic cationic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of dodecylpyridine bromide, hexadecylpyridine chloride monohydrate, 4,4-dimethylmorpholinium methyl sulfate, tubocurarine chloride, and Basic Yellow 51.

[0607] Optionally, the amphoteric surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides. For example, the amino acid-based amphoteric surfactant may include, but is not limited to, lysine glutamate, vitamin U, 3-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine, DL-asparagine monohydrate, Kent peptide, pentapeptide-18, wheat peptide, alanylglutamine, hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid sodium theanine, N2,N2-dimethyl-N6-lauroyl-L-lysine, imidazolylphenylethylnaphthalenesulfonyl asparagine, neotame, and asparagine. For example, the betaine-based amphoteric surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: dodecyl dimethyl betaine, myristyl betaine, cetyl betaine, behenyl betaine, seabuckthorn amide propyl betaine, palmitamide propyl betaine, myristamide propyl betaine, lauroamide propyl betaine, oleyl betaine, and di(hydroxyethyl)oleyl glycinate. For example, the imidazoline-based amphoteric surfactant may include, but is not limited to, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium wheat germ oleoamphodiacetate, disodium tallow oleoamphodiacetate, disodium soybean oleoamphodiacetate, lauroylamphodiapropionic acid, sodium lauroylamphodiapropionate, sodium decanoylamphodiapropionate, sodium myristoylamphoacetate, disodium oleoamphodiapropionate, sodium oleoamphodiapropionate, sodium undecenoylamphodiapropionate, and sodium oleoamphoacetate. For example, the amine oxide amphoteric surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, dipyridylthione, octyl dimethylamine oxide, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, oleylamine oxide, cocoylamine oxide, cocoyl diethanolamide, sesame oleamide propylamine oxide, olive oil amide propylamine oxide, and tallow amide propylamine oxide.

[0608] Optionally, the nonionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyethers, fatty alcohols, amides, and esters. For example, the polyether nonionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of polyether F127, polyether P123, and octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether (triton X114, CAS No. 9036-19-5). For example, the fatty alcohol nonionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9, CAS No. 68439-50-9), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO-7, CAS No. 9002-92-0), and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-5 (AEO-5, CAS No. 9064-14-6). For example, the amide nonionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, one or more of N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)cocoamide, lauroyl diethanolamine, lauroyl monoethanolamine, halocarban, flutamide, and cromite. For example, the ester-based nonionic surfactant may include, but is not limited to, Tween-80 (molecular formula: C 24 H 44 O6(C2H4O) n n is a natural number, CAS No.: 9005-65-6), Twain-60 (CAS No.: 9005-67-8), Twain-65 or one of them.

[0609] Optionally, the solvent of the surfactant solution may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, amides, and esters. For example, it may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol dioctanoate.

[0610] Optionally, the number average molecular weight of the surfactant can be 100-100,000, such as 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500, 6000, 6500, 7000, 7500, 8000, 8500, 9000, 9500, 10000, 10500, 11000, 11500. The number-average molecular weight of the surfactant can be 12000, 12500, 13000, 13500, 14000, 14500, 15000, 15500, 16000, 16500, 17000, 17500, 18000, 18500, 19000, 19500, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000, 60000, 70000, 80000, 90000, or 100000, or any range of the above values. Controlling the number-average molecular weight of the surfactant within the given range is beneficial for ensuring suitable fluidity of the liquid filler and for giving the surfactant longer molecular chain segments. This promotes the thermal motion of molecules and, if any, the motion of polymer chain segments or Brownian motion within the liquid filler, thereby improving the liquid filler's ability to collide with positive and negative electrodes and generate electricity through triboelectricity, thus promoting energy conversion. Optionally, the number average molecular weight of the surfactant can be 200-20000, or more preferably 200-5000.

[0611] Optionally, in the liquid filler 5, the mass concentration of the surfactant can be 0.01%-80%, for example, it can be 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 75%, 78%, or 80%, or it can be any range of the above values. Controlling the mass concentration of the surfactant to meet the given range is beneficial for the liquid filler to have suitable fluidity and improve the ability of the liquid filler to collide with the positive and negative electrodes and generate electricity through friction, thus promoting energy conversion. Optionally, the mass concentration of the surfactant can be 0.1%-50%, and more preferably 0.5%-10%.

[0612] Optionally, in the liquid filler 5, the concentration of the surfactant may be less than its critical micelle concentration (CMC, unit: g / L). Optionally, the concentration of the surfactant may be less than its critical micelle concentration at room temperature (25°C). Thus, a surfactant solution can be formed.

[0613] Optionally, in the liquid filler 5, the concentration of the surfactant can be equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration (CMC, unit: g / L). Optionally, the concentration of the surfactant can be equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration at room temperature (25°C); further optionally, the concentration of the surfactant can be greater than its critical micelle concentration at room temperature. Thus, micelles and colloids can be formed in the liquid filler, improving the liquid filler's ability to collide with and generate electricity through triboelectricity with the positive and negative electrodes, and promoting energy conversion.

[0614] In this application, the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant can be tested in accordance with GB / T 11276-2007. For example, it can be tested strictly in accordance with this national standard, or it can be tested at a specific temperature (such as 25°C) in accordance with the test method of this national standard.

[0615] In some embodiments, the liquid filler 5 may include an emulsion, which may include an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an emulsifier.

[0616] Optionally, the aqueous phase may include water; further alternatively, the aqueous phase may also include a small amount of water-soluble components, such as, but not limited to, glycerol.

[0617] Optionally, the oil phase may include, but is not limited to, one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic fats. For example, the synthetic fats may include, but are not limited to, caprylic / capric triglycerides.

[0618] Optionally, the emulsifier may include ionic emulsifiers and / or nonionic emulsifiers.

[0619] In some embodiments, the liquid filler 5 may include a colloid, which may include one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids. In this application, molecular colloids refer to colloids formed with macromolecules (such as proteins, starch, etc.) as the dispersed phase; particle colloids refer to colloids formed with nanoparticles (such as nanoscale solid particles) formed by the aggregation of small molecules, atoms, or ions as the dispersed phase; and associative colloids refer to colloids formed with ordered aggregates of amphiphilic molecules (such as micelles, etc.) as the dispersed phase.

[0620] Optionally, the associating colloid may include a surfactant and a continuous phase. In the liquid filler, the concentration of at least one surfactant is greater than or equal to its critical micelle concentration (e.g., the concentration of at least one surfactant may be greater than or equal to its critical micelle concentration at room temperature (25°C); or, for example, the concentration of at least one surfactant may be greater than its critical micelle concentration at room temperature). Optionally, the type and selection range of surfactants, the number-average molecular weight of surfactants, and the mass concentration of surfactants in the liquid filler are the same as those of the surfactant solutions described in the foregoing section, and the type and selection range of the continuous phase are the same as those of the solutes in the surfactant solutions described in the foregoing section, and will not be repeated here.

[0621] Optionally, the molecular colloid may include, but is not limited to, one or more of starch colloids, protein colloids, and carbohydrate colloids.

[0622] Optionally, the molecular colloid may include one or more of natural polymeric colloids and synthetic polymeric colloids.

[0623] Optionally, the particle colloid may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: metal colloid, metal oxide colloid, metal hydroxide colloid, and biological colloid.

[0624] Optionally, the particle colloid may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: silica sol, aluminum sol, ferric hydroxide colloid, aluminum hydroxide colloid, titanium dioxide colloid, milk, blood, and soy milk.

[0625] Optionally, the mass concentration of the colloid in the liquid filler 5 can be 0.1%-60%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, or 60%, etc., or can be any range of the above values. This facilitates the control of the number of groups promoting triboelectric generation and the appropriate viscosity of the filler, thereby improving device performance. Optionally, the mass concentration of the colloid in the liquid filler 5 can be 0.5%-10%, and more preferably 1%-5%.

[0626] Optionally, the colloid further includes a continuous phase, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones. For example, the continuous phase may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, n-propylamine, n-propionaldehyde, n-octane, and n-dodecane.

[0627] In some embodiments, the liquid filler 5 may include a suspension, which may include solid particles.

[0628] Optionally, the solid particles may include, but are not limited to, nanoparticles.

[0629] Optionally, the solid particles may include one or more of inorganic particles and organic particles.

[0630] Optionally, the mass concentration of the solid particles in the liquid filler 5 can be 0.1%-30%, for example, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, or 30%, etc., or can be any range of the above values. This facilitates the control and enhancement of the effective collision between the solid particles and the positive and negative electrodes, thereby promoting the improvement of device performance. Optionally, the mass concentration of the solid particles in the liquid filler 5 can be 1%-10%, and more preferably 1%-5%.

[0631] Optionally, the suspension further includes a dispersion medium, which may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones. For example, the dispersion medium may include, but is not limited to, one or more of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, n-propylamine, n-propionaldehyde, n-octane, and n-dodecane.

[0632] In some embodiments, the solvent and / or dispersion medium (such as a continuous phase) used in the liquid filler 5 may include water.

[0633] Optionally, the water may be insulating water or weak electrolyte water.

[0634] Optionally, the electrical conductivity of the water can be 500 μS / cm at 25°C. 2 The following values ​​can be less than or equal to 0.01 μS / cm 2 0.05μS / cm 2 0.1 μS / cm 20.5μS / cm 2 1μS / cm 2 2μS / cm 2 5μS / cm 2 10μS / cm 2 20μS / cm 2 30μS / cm 2 40μS / cm 2 50μS / cm 2 60μS / cm 2 70μS / cm 2 80μS / cm 2 90μS / cm 2 100μS / cm 2 150μS / cm 2 200μS / cm 2 250μS / cm 2 300μS / cm 2 350μS / cm 2 400μS / cm 2 450μS / cm 2 Or 500 μS / cm 2 ...etc., or it can be a range of any of the above values. Alternatively, the electrical conductivity of the water at 25°C can be 5 μS / cm. 2 the following.

[0635] Optionally, the water may be one or more of the following: Grade I water, Grade II water, and Grade III water (refer to GB / T 6682).

[0636] Optionally, the water may be one or more of the following: tap water, mineral water, purified water, distilled water, deionized water, drinking water, industrial water, reverse osmosis (RO) water, pure water, high-purity water, and ultrapure water. Alternatively, the water may be one or more of the following: distilled water, deionized water, pure water, high-purity water, and ultrapure water.

[0637] In some embodiments of this application, referring to Figures 2, 9, or 10, the molecular energy power generation device may further include an insulating encapsulation component 7, the outer surfaces of at least a portion of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the support member being covered by the insulating encapsulation component 7. Providing the insulating encapsulation component 7 helps reduce the impact of external humidity changes and dust in the air on the internal molecular thermal motion of the device, and also helps prevent device leakage. Optionally, the insulating encapsulation component 7 may cover the outer surfaces of all areas of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the support member. Further, referring to Figure 10, the insulating encapsulation component 7 may cover the outer surfaces of all areas of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, and the support member. In this application, the outer surface of the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, or the support member refers to its surface located outside the receiving space.

[0638] In some embodiments of this application, as understood with reference to FIG10, the outer surface of the support and / or the receiving space may be provided with an insulating sealing layer 6b, and the outer surface of the insulating sealing layer 6b may be covered by the insulating encapsulation assembly 7.

[0639] In some embodiments of this application, the insulating encapsulation component 7 may include one or more of organic and inorganic insulators.

[0640] In some embodiments of this application, the insulating encapsulation component 7 may include an insulating sealant. This helps to further reduce the impact of external humidity changes and factors such as dust in the air on the internal molecular thermal motion of the device.

[0641] In some embodiments of this application, the insulating encapsulation component 7 may include one or more of the following: epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive. For example, it may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: 3M DP100NS epoxy resin AB adhesive, 3M CA40H cyanoacrylate super glue, and transparent tape.

[0642] In some embodiments of this application, as understood with reference to FIG6, the molecular energy power generation device may include: a positive electrode 1, the positive electrode 1 including a positive electrode current collector 11; a negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being disposed opposite to each other, the negative electrode 2 including a negative electrode current collector 21, the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21 being made of the same material, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 being greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1; an insulating support 3, the insulating support 3 being disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, the insulating support 3 having a porous structure, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being insulated, the insulating support 3 forming a receiving space 4 communicating with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; a liquid filler 5, the liquid filler 5 being located within the receiving space 4, the liquid filler 5 being in contact with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; and an insulating sealing layer 6, the insulating sealing layer 6 being disposed on the outer surface of the insulating support 3.

[0643] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG4, the molecular energy power generation device may include: a positive electrode 1, the positive electrode 1 including a positive current collector 11; a negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being disposed opposite to each other, the negative electrode 2 including a negative current collector 21, the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 being made of the same material, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 being greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1; a support member 3, the support member 3 being disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being insulated, the support member 3 forming a receiving space 4 communicating with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; and a liquid filler 5, the liquid filler 5 being located within the receiving space 4, the liquid filler 5 being in contact with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, the liquid filler 5 including a surfactant and a solvent.

[0644] In some embodiments of this application, referring to FIG4, the molecular energy power generation device may include: a positive electrode 1, the positive electrode 1 including a positive current collector 11; a negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being disposed opposite to each other, the negative electrode 2 including a negative current collector 21, the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 being made of the same material, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 being greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1; and a support member 3, the support member 3 being disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 being disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The negative electrode 2 is insulated, and the support member 3 forms a receiving space 4 with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, communicating with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; and a liquid filler 5 is located within the receiving space 4, and the liquid filler 5 is in contact with the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The liquid filler 5 includes one or more of electrolyte solution, sugar solution, colloid, and suspension; the sugar solution includes sugar solute, and the sugar solute includes one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and sugar derivatives; the colloid includes one or more of molecular colloid and particle colloid.

[0645] In some embodiments of this application, the size and shape of the molecular energy power generation device are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. For example, the molecular energy power generation device can be a square device or a circular device, etc., and the length of the molecular energy power generation device can be 1-7cm, the width can be 1-5cm, and the thickness can be 80μm-6mm. For example, the length of the molecular energy power generation device can be 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, or 7cm, etc., or can be any range of the above values; for example, the width of the molecular energy power generation device can be 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, or 5cm, etc., or can be any range of the above values; for example, the width of the molecular energy power generation device can be 80μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, 500μm, 600μm, 700μm, 800μm, 900μm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, or 6mm, etc., or can be any range of the above values.

[0646] In some embodiments of this application, the application scenarios of the molecular energy power generation device are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to actual needs. For example, the molecular energy power generation device can be used in different temperature environments and / or different motion state environments. Exemplarily, the molecular energy power generation device can be used in a thermal field environment above room temperature.

[0647] In a second aspect of this application, a method for preparing the molecular energy power generation device of the first aspect of this application is provided, comprising:

[0648] A support is provided between the positive and negative electrodes, the positive electrode is insulated from the negative electrode, and the support, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space; a liquid filler is filled into the receiving space.

[0649] For ease of understanding, the following detailed explanation will use the methods for preparing molecular energy power generation devices according to schemes 1 and 2 as examples:

[0650] Regarding Scheme 1, referring to Figure 4, it includes: a first support member 31 is disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, forming a receiving space 41 connecting the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; a liquid filler 5 is filled into the receiving space 41, making the liquid filler 5 contact the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode 1 includes a positive current collector 11, and the negative electrode 2 includes a negative current collector 21. The positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is greater than the triboelectric charge density on the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated from each other.

[0651] Regarding scheme 2, referring to Figure 18, it includes: an ion exchange membrane assembly 9 disposed between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2; a second support member 32 disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive electrode 1, such that the positive electrode 1, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the second support member 32 form a receiving space 42a communicating between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9; and a second support member 32 disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode 2, such that the negative electrode 2, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the second support member 32 form a receiving space 42b communicating between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. The positive electrode 1 includes a positive current collector 11, and the negative electrode 2 includes a negative current collector 21. The positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are insulated.

[0652] In some embodiments, the method for fabricating a molecular energy power generation device may further include: providing an insulating sealing layer 6b to seal the accommodating space and / or the outer surface of the support member.

[0653] In some embodiments, for scheme 1, the first support member 31 can be abutted against one of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 to form a receiving space 41. After the liquid filler 5 is added to the receiving space 41, the other of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be abutted against the first support member 31 to seal the receiving space 41.

[0654] In some embodiments, for scheme 1, the first support member 31, the positive electrode 1, and the negative electrode 2 can first enclose a receiving space 41. A feeding port is reserved in a local area between the first support member 31 and the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2. After the liquid filler 5 is added to the receiving space 41, the positive electrode 1 and / or the negative electrode 2 in the area where the feeding port is located abuts against the first support member 31 to seal the receiving space 41.

[0655] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 18, for scheme 2, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the second support 32 can be stacked together in the order of "positive electrode 1 / second support 32 / ion exchange membrane assembly 9 / second support 32 / negative electrode 2", and injection needles are inserted between the positive electrode 1 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and between the negative electrode 2 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, respectively. The stacked positive and negative electrode sheets, the second support 32, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the needles are fixed with clamps, and an insulating sealing layer 6b is used to seal the upper and lower surfaces and sides of the device edges to prevent liquid leakage. After sealing, different amounts of different liquids are drawn up with a syringe and injected into each containing space. After the needles have been injected with liquid, they are pulled out in sequence, and the outside of the device is gently pressed to fill the entire space with liquid and remove excess air. The needle holes are then sealed.

[0656] For example, referring to Figure 25, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 may include a cation exchange membrane 9a and an anion exchange membrane 9b, which can be stacked together in the order of "positive electrode 1 / second support 32 / anion exchange membrane 9b / second support 32 / cation exchange membrane 9a / second support 32 / negative electrode 2". Injection needles are inserted between the positive electrode 1 and the cation exchange membrane 9a, between the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b, and between the negative electrode 2 and the anion exchange membrane 9b. The stacked positive and negative electrode sheets, the second support 32, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the needles are fixed with clamps. An insulating sealing layer 6b is used to seal the upper and lower surfaces and sides of the device edges to prevent liquid leakage. After sealing, different amounts of different liquids are drawn up with a syringe and injected into each containing space. After the needles have been injected in sequence, the outside of the device is gently pressed to fill the entire space with liquid and remove excess air, and then the needle holes are sealed. Understandably, in Scheme 2, by setting up the ion exchange membrane and using the second support, the positive and negative electrodes can be separated into multiple independent accommodating spaces in the thickness direction of the device. In actual operation, when assembling the molecular energy power generation device, the size of the ion exchange membrane can be larger than the size of the positive and negative electrodes, and the ion exchange membrane can be extended to the outside of the current collector. Thus, even if the device edge is poorly sealed and there is a leakage problem, it is still beneficial for the liquid filler to penetrate to the outside and will not flow to other liquid injection areas in each layer and affect each other.

[0657] In some embodiments, for scheme 1, the first support member 31 can be a support frame 31a (such as a dense support frame or a porous support frame) or a porous support layer 31b. In this case, the first support member 31 can first be abutted against the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 to form a receiving space 41. Then, an insulating sealing layer 6b is formed on the outer surface of the first support member 31 for fixation and preliminary sealing. When forming the insulating sealing layer 6b, a feeding port is reserved in a local area between the first support member 31 and the positive electrode 1 or the negative electrode 2. The liquid filler 5 is added to the receiving space 41 through the feeding port and then the feeding port is completely sealed.

[0658] In some embodiments, for scheme 2, the second support member 32 can adopt protrusions (including a first protrusion 32a and / or a second protrusion 32b) and / or a porous support layer 32c. In this case, the second support member 32 can be first abutted against the positive electrode 1, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the negative electrode 2 in the corresponding order to form a corresponding receiving space, and the following operations are performed in sequence: an injection needle is inserted into the corresponding receiving space, the stacked positive and negative electrode sheets, the second support member 32, the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the needle are fixed with a clamp, and an insulating sealing layer 6b is used to seal the upper and lower surfaces and sides of the device edges to prevent liquid leakage. After sealing, subsequent operations are performed.

[0659] In some embodiments of this application, regarding solution 1:

[0660] A positive electrode 1 can be obtained by first forming a positive electrode friction layer 12 on the positive electrode current collector 11, and then using a negative electrode current collector 21 as the negative electrode 2. A first support member 31 forms a receiving space 41 between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 is a dense sheet structure (such as copper foil). Alternatively,

[0661] The positive current collector 11 can be a mesh structure (such as a copper mesh), and the negative current collector 21 can be a dense sheet structure (such as a copper foil). The positive current collector 11 can be placed on one side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and the negative current collector 21 can be used as the negative electrode 2. The first support member 31 forms a receiving space 41 between the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21. Alternatively,

[0662] A negative electrode friction layer 22 can be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21 to obtain the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode current collector 11 is then used as the positive electrode 1. A receiving space 41 is formed between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode friction layer 22 using the first support member 31. It is understood that in this structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 is a dense sheet structure (such as copper foil). Alternatively,

[0663] The negative electrode current collector 21 can be a mesh structure (such as a copper mesh), and the positive electrode current collector 11 can be a dense sheet structure (such as a copper foil). The negative electrode current collector 21 can be placed on one side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 to obtain the negative electrode 2, and the positive electrode current collector 11 can be used as the positive electrode 1. The first support member 31 forms a receiving space 41 between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the negative electrode current collector 21. Alternatively,

[0664] A positive electrode friction layer 12 can be formed on the positive electrode current collector 11 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and a negative electrode friction layer 22 can be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21 to obtain the negative electrode 2. A receiving space 41 can then be formed between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the negative electrode friction layer 22 using the first support member 31. Alternatively,

[0665] Both the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 can be mesh structures (such as copper mesh). The positive current collector 11 can be placed on one side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and the negative current collector 21 can be placed on one side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 to obtain the negative electrode 2. The first support member 31 forms a receiving space 41 between the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21.

[0666] Optionally, the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 (such as the positive electrode current collector 11 or the positive electrode friction layer 12) can be hydrophobically modified to make the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 a hydrophobic surface. And / or, the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 (such as the negative electrode current collector 21 or the negative electrode friction layer 22) can be hydrophobically modified to make the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 a hydrophobic surface.

[0667] Optionally, the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 can be made uneven and / or have a porous structure by surface treatment of the positive electrode friction layer 12 body and / or by using a porous carrier. And / or, the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 can be made uneven and / or have a porous structure by surface treatment of the negative electrode friction layer 22 body and / or by using a porous carrier.

[0668] In some implementations, the spacing between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 can be adjusted by regulating the thickness of the first support member 31, thereby changing the volume of the accommodating space 41.

[0669] In some embodiments, an insulating sealing layer 6b may be further formed on the outer surface of the connection between the first support 31 (such as an insulating support) and the positive electrode 1 and / or the negative electrode 2.

[0670] In some embodiments of this application, regarding solution 2:

[0671] A positive electrode 1 can be obtained by first forming a positive electrode friction layer 12 on the positive electrode current collector 11, and then using a negative electrode current collector 21 as the negative electrode 2. A second support member 32 is used to form a receiving space 42a between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and a second support member 32 is used to form a receiving space 42b between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode current collector 21. It is understood that in this structure, the negative electrode current collector 21 is a dense sheet structure (such as copper foil). Alternatively,

[0672] The positive current collector 11 can be a mesh structure (such as a copper mesh), and the negative current collector 21 can be a dense sheet structure (such as a copper foil). The positive current collector 11 can be placed on one side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and the negative current collector 21 can be used as the negative electrode 2. A second support member 32 forms a receiving space 42a between the positive current collector 11 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and a receiving space 42b between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative current collector 21. Alternatively,

[0673] A negative electrode friction layer 22 can be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21 to obtain the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode current collector 11 is used as the positive electrode 1. A second support member 32 forms a receiving space 42a between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and a receiving space 42b between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode friction layer 22. It is understood that in this structure, the positive electrode current collector 11 is a dense sheet structure (such as copper foil). Alternatively,

[0674] The negative electrode current collector 21 can be a mesh structure (such as a copper mesh), and the positive electrode current collector 11 can be a dense sheet structure (such as a copper foil). The negative electrode current collector 21 can be placed on one side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 to obtain the negative electrode 2. The positive electrode current collector 11 is used as the positive electrode 1. A second support member 32 forms a receiving space 42a between the positive electrode current collector 11 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and a receiving space 42b between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode current collector 21. Alternatively,

[0675] A positive electrode friction layer 12 can be formed on the positive electrode current collector 11 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and a negative electrode friction layer 22 can be formed on the negative electrode current collector 21 to obtain the negative electrode 2. A receiving space 42a can be formed between the positive electrode friction layer 12 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 using the second support member 32, and a receiving space 42b can be formed between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative electrode friction layer 22 using the second support member 32. Alternatively,

[0676] Both the positive current collector 11 and the negative current collector 21 can be mesh structures (such as copper mesh). The positive current collector 11 can be placed on one side of the positive electrode friction layer 12 to obtain the positive electrode 1, and the negative current collector 21 can be placed on one side of the negative electrode friction layer 22 to obtain the negative electrode 2. The second support member 32 forms a receiving space 42a between the positive current collector 11 and the ion exchange membrane assembly 9, and the second support member 32 forms a receiving space 42b between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the negative current collector 21.

[0677] Optionally, the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 (such as the positive electrode current collector 11 or the positive electrode friction layer 12) can be hydrophobically modified to make the surface of the positive electrode 1 facing the negative electrode 2 a hydrophobic surface. And / or, the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 (such as the negative electrode current collector 21 or the negative electrode friction layer 22) can be hydrophobically modified to make the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1 a hydrophobic surface.

[0678] Optionally, the surface of the positive electrode friction layer 12 facing the negative electrode 2 can be made uneven and / or have a porous structure by surface treatment of the positive electrode friction layer 12 body and / or by using a porous carrier. And / or, the surface of the negative electrode friction layer 22 facing the positive electrode 1 can be made uneven and / or have a porous structure by surface treatment of the negative electrode friction layer 22 body and / or by using a porous carrier.

[0679] Optionally, a cation exchange membrane 9a, an anion exchange membrane 9b, or a bipolar membrane 9c can be used as the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. Alternatively, the cation exchange membrane 9a and the anion exchange membrane 9b can be directly stacked as the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. Alternatively, the cation exchange membrane 9a, the second support member 32, or the bipolar membrane 9c and the anion exchange membrane 9b can be stacked in sequence as the ion exchange membrane assembly 9. Alternatively, the cation exchange membrane 9a, the second support member 32, the bipolar membrane 9c, the second support member 32, and the anion exchange membrane 9b can be stacked in sequence as the ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0680] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG20, the spacing between the ion exchange membrane assembly 9 and the positive and negative electrodes can be adjusted by regulating the thickness of the second support 32, thereby changing the volume of the accommodating spaces 42a and 42b.

[0681] In some embodiments, as understood with reference to FIG20, an insulating sealing layer 6b may be further formed on the outer surface of the connection between the second support 32 (such as an insulating support) and the positive electrode 1 and / or negative electrode 2, ion exchange membrane assembly 9.

[0682] In some embodiments of this application, as understood with reference to Figures 9 and 10, an insulating encapsulation assembly 7 may be disposed on the outer surfaces of at least a portion of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. Optionally, as understood with reference to Figure 10, the insulating encapsulation assembly 7 may also cover the outer surface of the insulating sealing layer 6b.

[0683] In some embodiments of this application, the source of the liquid filler 5 is not particularly limited. Those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to actual needs, such as obtaining it through commercial purchase or by formulating it according to actual needs.

[0684] In some embodiments of this application, when the support member is a conductor, an insulating layer can be provided at one end of the conductor to achieve insulation between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2. For example, taking Scheme 1 as an example, an insulating layer can be provided between the first support member and one of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.

[0685] It should be noted that the relevant features of the positive electrode 1, negative electrode 2, support members (first support member 31 and / or second support member 32), containing space, liquid filler 5, insulating sealing layer 6b, insulating encapsulation assembly 7, positive electrode current collector 11, negative electrode current collector 21, positive electrode friction layer 12, negative electrode friction layer 22, ion exchange membrane assembly 9, etc., have been described in detail in the foregoing sections, and will not be repeated here. That is, the features and effects described for the molecular energy power generation device of the first aspect of this application are also applicable to the method for preparing the molecular energy power generation device of the second aspect of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0686] In a third aspect of this application, a power generation device is provided, comprising: the molecular energy power generation device described in the first aspect of this application, or a molecular energy power generation device manufactured using the method described in the second aspect of this application. This molecular energy power generation device can utilize molecular thermal motion and, possibly, the motion of polymer chain segments or Brownian motion, combined with positive and negative electrodes to convert the energy of disordered molecular thermal motion and Brownian motion into electrical energy, thereby achieving energy conversion and collection.

[0687] It should be noted that the features and effects described for the molecular energy power generation device in the first aspect of this application and the method for preparing the molecular energy power generation device in the second aspect of this application also apply to this power generation device, and will not be repeated here.

[0688] In some embodiments of this application, the power generation device may include multiple molecular energy power generation devices. The connection method of the multiple molecular energy power generation devices is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to actual needs. For example, multiple molecular energy power generation devices may be connected in series, or multiple molecular energy power generation devices may be connected in parallel, or multiple molecular energy power generation devices may be partially connected in series and partially connected in parallel.

[0689] In some embodiments of this application, the specific type of power generation device is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to actual needs. For example, the power generation device may include, but is not limited to, energy storage devices or batteries.

[0690] In some embodiments of this application, as understood with reference to FIG17, the power generation device may further include: a heat source 8a and / or a vibration source 8b, wherein the heat source 8a is adapted to supply heat to the molecular energy power generation device; and the vibration source 8b is adapted to drive the liquid filler 5 in the molecular energy power generation device to undergo molecular thermal motion and possible polymer chain segment motion or Brownian motion. Providing a heat source to the molecular energy power generation device or driving the molecular energy power generation device to move both help to intensify the molecular thermal motion and possible polymer chain segment motion or Brownian motion or ion exchange of the liquid filler, thereby increasing the efficiency and amount of energy conversion. Optionally, the heat source 8a may be in direct or indirect contact with the outer surface of the molecular energy power generation device, and the heat source 8a may include one or more of a gas phase heat source, a solid phase heat source, and a liquid phase heat source.

[0691] In some embodiments of this application, the specific type of the heat source 8a is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select it according to actual needs. For example, the heat source 8a may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: a heat field, a heating box, a heat preservation box, a microwave heating element, an infrared heating element, a heating wire, and a heat exchange tube.

[0692] In some embodiments of this application, the specific type of the vibration source 8b is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to time requirements. For example, the vibration source 8b may include, but is not limited to, one or more of a vibrating screen or an ultrasonic device.

[0693] It should be noted that, apart from the aforementioned molecular energy power generation device, heat source, and vibration source, the other components of the power generation device in this application are conventionally used components in the power generation field, and will not be described in detail here.

[0694] In a fourth aspect of this application, an electrical device is provided, comprising: the molecular energy power generation device described in the first aspect of this application, or a molecular energy power generation device manufactured using the method described in the second aspect of this application, or a power generation device described in the third aspect of this application. It should be noted that the features and effects described for the molecular energy power generation device described in the first aspect of this application, the method for preparing the molecular energy power generation device described in the second aspect of this application, and the power generation device described in the third aspect of this application are also applicable to this electrical device, and will not be repeated here.

[0695] In some embodiments of this application, the specific type of electrical equipment is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select according to actual needs. For example, the electrical equipment may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

[0696] In summary, this application has one or more of the following advantages:

[0697] (1) The molecular energy power generation device of this application can easily generate considerable voltage signals and / or current signals.

[0698] (2) The molecular energy power generation device of this application can generate considerable voltage and current signals through simple structural design.

[0699] (3) The molecular energy power generation device of this application can effectively reduce the risk of interference with the power generation performance and / or service life of the device due to chemical or electrochemical reactions, electrochemical corrosion, short circuits between positive and negative electrodes, and electrical performance generated by friction between other components and the positive and negative electrode surfaces.

[0700] (4) The molecular energy power generation device of this application can be made flexible by selecting positive and negative electrodes and designing the structure, and further combined with the selection of filler to generate considerable electricity in a small effective area. It has high potential for application in many fields, such as flexible sensor energy supply, heating fabric, mobile phone battery, wearable device energy, smart screen energy, etc.

[0701] (5) Compared with traditional energy devices such as traditional batteries and mechanical generators, the molecular energy power generation device of this application avoids the complex chemical reaction mechanism of batteries and the defects of external mechanical energy drive. Moreover, the preparation process is simple, without harsh preparation conditions (such as high vacuum, oxygen-free, and moisture-free), the preparation cycle is short, and the raw materials can be widely selected. It can be selected by comprehensively considering factors such as cost, safety, environmental protection and performance, and has high industrialization potential.

[0702] The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they shall be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0703] General testing methods:

[0704] A Keithley 2450 multimeter was used to test t...

Claims

1. A molecular energy power generation device, wherein, include: positive electrode; The negative electrode is disposed opposite to the positive electrode, and the triboelectric charge density on at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than that on the negative electrode. A support member is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other, and the support member, the positive electrode and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space. A liquid filler is located within the containment space and is in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

2. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 1, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, and the negative electrode includes a negative current collector; the triboelectric charge density of the positive current collector is greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the negative current collector; and / or, The difference in triboelectric charge density between at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

3. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, and the negative electrode includes a negative current collector. The positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material.

4. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, include: Positive electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive current collector; The negative electrode is provided with the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged opposite to each other. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are made of the same material. The triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. A support member, comprising a first support member disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, the first support member forming a receiving space communicating with the positive and negative electrodes, the positive and negative electrodes being insulated from each other; or, The support includes a second support. An ion exchange membrane assembly is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The second support is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode. The positive electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support form a receiving space communicating between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The second support is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the negative electrode. The negative electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support form a receiving space communicating between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. A liquid filler is provided, and the containment space is filled with the liquid filler. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the ion exchange membrane assembly are in contact with the liquid filler.

5. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The support includes conductors and / or insulators.

6. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The support member is an insulating support member; and / or, The outer surface of the receiving space is provided with an insulating sealing layer that seals the receiving space; and / or, The support member has a porous structure, and an insulating sealing layer is provided on the outer surface of the support member; and / or, The support member has a porous structure; the support member is a support member that has been impregnated with the liquid filler; and / or, The support components include organic insulating support components and / or inorganic insulating support components; and / or, The support component includes an organic insulating support component, which comprises one or more of the following: polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy resin, polyester, natural fibers, and synthetic fibers; and / or, The support component includes an inorganic insulating support component, which comprises one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass; and / or, The support member includes one or more of the following: cotton yarn mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, fiber paper, and polymer protrusions; and / or, The outer surface of the receiving space and / or the support member is provided with an insulating sealing layer, the insulating sealing layer comprising one or more of adhesive tape, quick-drying adhesive, or hot melt adhesive; and / or The outer surface of the accommodating space and / or the support member is provided with an insulating sealing layer, the insulating sealing layer comprising one or more of epoxy resin adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive.

7. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The support member includes a first support member: The first support member includes a support frame, which is located at or adjacent to the edge of the overlapping area of ​​the positive and negative electrodes, and the support frame and the positive and negative electrodes enclose a receiving space that connects the positive and negative electrodes; and / or, The first support member includes a porous support layer, which is stacked between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The porous support layer and the positive electrode and the negative electrode form a receiving space that connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An insulating sealing layer is provided on the outer surface of the porous support layer.

8. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 7, wherein, The first support member includes a support frame, which is a porous support frame, and the outer surface of the support frame is provided with an insulating sealing layer; and / or, The first support member includes a support frame, the thickness of which is 100 μm-2 cm, optionally 2 μm-2 cm, optionally 50 μm-1 cm, optionally 100 μm-5 mm, or optionally 400 μm-1 mm; and / or, The first support includes a porous support layer with a thickness of 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, or optionally 800μm-2cm.

9. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein, The first support member includes a porous support layer and / or a porous support frame: The average pore diameter of the porous support layer and / or the porous support frame is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or, The porous support layer and / or the porous support frame have a mesh size of 10-10,000 mesh, optionally 20-1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20-400 mesh; and / or, The porosity of the porous support layer and / or the porous support frame is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or, The porous support layer and / or the porous support frame each independently comprise one or more of the following: cotton mesh, cotton, polyester mesh, and fiber paper.

10. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 4-9, wherein, The support includes a first support, which is a conductor. One end of the conductor is connected to one of the positive and negative electrodes, and the other end of the conductor has an insulating layer connected to the other of the positive and negative electrodes; and / or The conductor is made of the same material as the positive electrode or the negative electrode; or, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the positive electrode facing the receiving space, and / or, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, at least a portion of which is located on the side of the negative electrode facing the receiving space, and the conductor is made of the same material as the positive electrode friction layer or the negative electrode friction layer.

11. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 10, wherein, The insulating layer comprises one or more of organic and inorganic insulators; and / or, The organic insulator includes one or more of the following: insulating adhesive, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resin; and / or, The inorganic insulator includes one or more of alumina, sulfur, mica, and glass; and / or, The thickness of the insulating layer is 10nm-5cm, optionally 50nm-5mm, and further optionally 1μm-50μm.

12. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 4-11, wherein, The support member includes a second support member, which includes one or more of a first protrusion, a second protrusion, and a porous support layer. A porous support layer and / or multiple first protrusions are provided between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The porous support layer and / or the first protrusions support the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly to form an accommodating space that connects the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. And / or, A porous support layer and / or multiple second protrusions are provided between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The porous support layer and / or the second protrusions support the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly to form a receiving space that connects the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly.

13. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 12, wherein, The first protrusion is provided on the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode; and / or, The second protrusion is provided on the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode; and / or, The thicknesses of the first protrusion, the second protrusion, and the porous support layer are each independently 100 nm-2 cm, optionally 2 μm-2 mm, and further optionally 50 μm-0.5 mm; and / or, The average pore size of the porous support layer is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; and / or, The porous support layer has a mesh size of 10-10,000 mesh, optionally 20-1,000 mesh, and further optionally 20-400 mesh; and / or, The porosity of the porous support layer is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or, The thickness of the porous support layer is 100nm-10cm, optionally 200μm-10cm, optionally 400μm-5cm, and optionally 800μm-2cm; and / or, The second support member includes a porous support layer, which includes one or more of cotton yarn web, cotton, polyester web, and fiber paper.

14. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The ion exchange membrane assembly is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or a bipolar membrane; or, The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane are stacked; or... The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, with a second support member provided between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. The cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, together with the porous support layer, form a space that connects the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane; or... The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane, wherein the bipolar membrane is stacked between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane; or... The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane is disposed between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane. A second support is also provided between the bipolar membrane and the cation exchange membrane. The bipolar membrane, the cation exchange membrane, and the porous support layer form a receiving space that connects the bipolar membrane and the cation exchange membrane. A second support is also provided between the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane. The bipolar membrane, the anion exchange membrane, and the porous support layer form a receiving space that connects the bipolar membrane and the anion exchange membrane.

15. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 14, wherein, The ion exchange membrane assembly includes at least a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane assembly has a containment space. The liquid filler filling the containment space in the ion exchange membrane assembly is of a different type than the liquid filler filling the containment space between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

16. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, The ion exchange membrane assembly is a bipolar membrane, with the anode side of the bipolar membrane facing either the positive electrode or the negative electrode, optionally towards the negative electrode; or... The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein the cation exchange membrane faces either the positive electrode or the negative electrode, optionally facing the negative electrode; or... The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane is stacked between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane, with the anode side of the bipolar membrane facing the anion exchange membrane.

17. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 12-16, wherein, The ion exchange membrane assembly includes a cation exchange membrane, which comprises one or more of the following: a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane, a partially fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, a non-fluorinated sulfonated polymer membrane, and an inorganic / organic-inorganic composite proton exchange membrane; and / or, The ion exchange membrane assembly includes anion exchange membranes, which include polyolefin-based anion exchange membranes, polystyrene-based anion exchange membranes, polyether-based anion exchange membranes, and heterocyclic polymer-based anion exchange membranes.

18. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein, The positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer, at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode side, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode. Optionally, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode friction layer is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the positive electrode current collector; and / or, The negative electrode further includes a negative electrode friction layer, at least a portion of the surface of the negative electrode friction layer facing the positive electrode side. Optionally, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector, and the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode friction layer is less than the triboelectric charge density of the negative electrode current collector.

19. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer and a positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode; or, the positive electrode current collector has a mesh structure and is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode; and / or, The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer and a negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode. Alternatively, the negative electrode current collector has a mesh structure and is disposed on the side of the negative electrode friction layer facing the positive electrode.

20. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 19, wherein, The positive electrode current collector has a mesh structure, and the mesh structure satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the average pore size of the mesh structure is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; the mesh size of the mesh structure is 10 mesh-10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh-1000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh-400 mesh; the porosity of the mesh structure is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%; and / or, The negative electrode current collector has a mesh structure, which satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the average pore size of the mesh structure is 1μm-2mm, optionally 10μm-1mm, and further optionally 30μm-0.9mm; the mesh size of the mesh structure is 10 mesh-10,000 mesh, optionally 20 mesh-1000 mesh, and further optionally 20 mesh-400 mesh; the porosity of the mesh structure is 10%-99%, optionally 20%-80%, and further optionally 50%-80%.

21. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 18-20, wherein, The positive electrode further includes a positive electrode friction layer, the surface of which facing the negative electrode is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the negative electrode; and / or, The negative electrode further includes a negative electrode friction layer, the surface of which facing the positive electrode is an uneven surface and / or has a porous structure, the porous structure including an opening facing the positive electrode side.

22. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 21, wherein, The positive electrode further includes a first porous carrier and a positive electrode friction layer. The first porous carrier is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode. The positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the surface of the first porous carrier. The first porous carrier includes an opening facing the negative electrode; and / or, The negative electrode further includes a second porous carrier and a negative electrode friction layer. The second porous carrier is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode, and the negative electrode friction layer is disposed on the surface of the second porous carrier. The second porous carrier includes an opening facing the positive electrode.

23. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 22, wherein, The first porous carrier is foamed metal; and / or, The first porous carrier is made of the same material as the positive electrode current collector; and / or, The second porous carrier is foamed metal; and / or, The second porous carrier is made of the same material as the negative electrode current collector.

24. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, which includes one or more of a metal, a metal compound, and a carbon material; and / or, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, which comprises one or more of a metal, a metal compound, an inorganic non-metallic compound, a carbon material, and a polymer; optionally, it comprises one or more of an inorganic non-metallic compound, a carbon material, and a polymer; and / or, The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which includes one or more of metals, metal compounds, inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers. Optionally, it includes one or more of inorganic non-metallic compounds, carbon materials, and polymers.

25. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-24, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, which is a metal current collector; and / or, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, which is a first polymer layer or an inorganic non-metallic compound layer; and / or, The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which is a second polymer layer.

26. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 25, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode friction layer. The positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the positive current collector facing the negative electrode. The positive electrode friction layer is doped with a conductive agent. Optionally, the conductive agent doped in the positive electrode friction layer is made of the same material as the positive current collector; and / or, The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode friction layer. The negative electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode. The negative electrode friction layer is doped with a conductive agent. Optionally, the conductive agent doped in the negative electrode friction layer is made of the same material as the negative electrode current collector.

27. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode. The thickness of the positive electrode friction layer is 1 nm-1 mm, optionally 1 nm-10 μm, further optionally 10 nm-1 μm, and optionally 20 nm-200 nm; and / or, The negative electrode includes a negative electrode friction layer, which is disposed on the side of the negative electrode current collector facing the positive electrode. The thickness of the negative electrode friction layer is 1nm-1mm, can be selected as 1nm-10μm, can be further selected as 10nm-1μm, and can also be selected as 20nm-200nm.

28. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein, The positive electrode includes a positive electrode friction layer, the surface of which is a hydrophobic surface; and / or, The negative electrode also includes a negative electrode friction layer, the surface of which is a hydrophobic surface.

29. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 28, wherein, The surface of the positive electrode friction layer is a hydrophobic surface, and the positive electrode friction layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or connected with hydrophobic groups; and / or, The surface of the negative electrode friction layer is a hydrophobic surface, and the negative electrode friction layer satisfies one or more of the following conditions: doped with a hydrophobic agent, doped with nanomaterials, or connected with hydrophobic groups; and / or, The contact angle of the hydrophobic surface is greater than 90°, and can be selected as 120°-180°, or even 150°-180°.

30. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-29, wherein, The positive electrode also includes a positive electrode friction layer. The positive electrode friction layer is disposed on the side of the positive electrode current collector facing the negative electrode, and the difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer and the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 ; or, The positive electrode current collector has a mesh structure and is disposed on the side of the positive electrode friction layer facing the negative electrode. The difference in triboelectric charge density between the positive electrode friction layer and the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode is equal to or greater than 0.1 μC / m. 2 It can be selected as equal to or greater than 1μC / m 2 Alternatively, it can be selected as equal to or greater than 10 μC / m 2 .

31. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-30, wherein, The difference in triboelectric charge density between the support and the liquid filler is less than or equal to 100 μC / m. 2 Selectable value is less than or equal to 10 μC / m 2 You can also choose less than or equal to 1 μC / m 2 Alternatively, a value less than or equal to 0.1 μC / m can be selected. 2 ; and / or, The triboelectric charge density of the support member is greater than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode and less than or equal to the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode.

32. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-31, wherein, The thickness of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are independently 1nm-20cm, optionally 50nm-2cm, and further optionally 100nm-2mm.

33. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-32, wherein, Also includes: An insulating encapsulation assembly that covers the outer surface of at least a portion of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the support member.

34. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 33, wherein, The insulating encapsulation assembly includes one or more of the following: epoxy resin, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, polybutadiene adhesive, polyesterimide adhesive, polyimide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, polyester adhesive, and silicone adhesive; and / or, The outer surface of the support or the accommodating space is provided with an insulating sealing layer, and the outer surface of the insulating sealing layer is covered by the insulating encapsulation assembly.

35. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-34, wherein, The liquid filler has a different triboelectric charge density than the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode, and also a different triboelectric charge density than the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode.

36. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-35, wherein, The liquid filler includes one or more of the following: pure liquid, solution, emulsion, colloid, and suspension.

37. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-36, wherein, The liquid filler comprises a pure liquid, which includes hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, or water; and / or The liquid filler comprises a solution, the solution comprising a solute and a solvent, the solute comprising a solid solute and / or a liquid solute; and / or The solid solute includes a polymer material; and / or, The liquid solute and the solvent each independently comprise one or more of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, silicone oils, amines, amides, and water; and / or The liquid filler comprises an emulsion, which includes an aqueous phase, an oil phase, and an emulsifier; and / or The aqueous phase includes water; and / or The oil phase includes one or more of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and synthetic fats; and / or The emulsifier includes ionic emulsifiers and / or nonionic emulsifiers; and / or The liquid filler includes a colloid, which includes one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids.

38. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 37, wherein, The polymeric material includes water-soluble polymers and / or water-insoluble polymers; and / or, The polymer material has a number-average molecular weight of 3 million to 200,000, optionally 30 million to 100,000, and further optionally 50 million to 50,000; and / or, The solute in the solution includes a polymer material, and the mass concentration of the polymer material in the liquid filler or the solution is 0.1%-50%, optionally 1%-30%, optionally 5%-20%, and optionally 2.5%-20%; and / or, The pure liquid, the liquid solute, and the solvent each independently comprise one or more of ethanol, pentane, octane, dodecane, silicone oil, ethyl acetate, benzene, phenol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and water; and / or, The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of acrylic polymers, alcohol polymers, ether polymers, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic polymers, and polysaccharide polymers; and / or, The water-soluble polymer includes one or more of polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, chitosan, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives; and / or, The non-water-soluble polymer includes one or more of hydrocarbon polymers and hydrocarbon derivative polymers; and / or, The hydrocarbon derivative polymers include one or more of the following: halogenated hydrocarbon polymers, halogenated ether polymers, polyester polymers, acrylate polymers, nitrogen-containing polymers, polysiloxane polymers, polyetheretherketone polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers, polysulfone polymers, polyaldehyde polymers, and polyvinyl acetal polymers; and / or, The non-water-soluble polymers include one or more of polyethylene, polyhalogenated ethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polychloroethylene ether, ethylene-propylene copolymer, halogenated ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyoxymethylene, and polyvinyl butyral; and / or, The liquid filler includes one or more of the following: pure water, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N,N-dimethylformamide, pure aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, pure aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, pure aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide, N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyacrylonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyvinylidene fluoride, N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polylactic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polyvinylidene chloride, N,N-dimethylformamide solution of polysulfone, polyacrylic acid emulsion, and pure aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.

39. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The liquid filler comprises a solution, which includes one or more of the following: a water-soluble polymer solution, a non-water-soluble polymer solution, a surfactant solution, an electrolyte solution, and a carbohydrate solution; and / or, The liquid filler includes a colloid, which includes one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids.

40. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-39, wherein, The liquid filler includes surfactants and solvents.

41. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 40, wherein, The surfactant includes one or more of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants; and / or, The solvent includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, amides, and esters; and / or, The surfactant has a number average molecular weight of 100-100,000, optionally 200-20,000, and further optionally 200-5,000; and / or, Based on the mass of the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the surfactant is 0.01%-80%, optionally 0.1%-50%, and further optionally 0.5%-10%, or, in the liquid filler, the concentration of the surfactant is equal to or greater than its critical micelle concentration.

42. The molecular energy power generation device according to claim 40 or 41, wherein, The surfactant includes anionic surfactants, which include one or more of sulfonates, sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphates; and / or, The surfactant includes cationic surfactants, which include one or more of quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, and heterocyclic surfactants; and / or, The surfactant includes amphoteric surfactants, which include one or more of amino acids, betaines, imidazolines, and amine oxides; and / or, The surfactant includes nonionic surfactants, which include one or more of polyethers, fatty alcohols, amides, and esters.

43. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 40-42, wherein, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following sulfonate anionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium pentadecyl sulfonate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, dodecyl α-olefin sulfonate, tetradecyl α-olefin sulfonate, hexadecyl α-olefin sulfonate, sodium decylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium tetradecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl succinate monoester sulfonate, sodium dioctadecyl succinate diester sulfonate; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following sulfate anionic surfactants: sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, lithium dodecyl sulfate, magnesium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following carboxylate anionic surfactants: sodium stearate, sodium palmitate, sodium laurylate, potassium stearate, potassium laurylate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium cocoyl glycinate, sodium laureth carboxylate, sodium cetearyl ether carboxylate; and / or, The surfactant includes one or more of the following anionic surfactants of phosphate ester salts: sodium dodecyl phosphate, potassium hexadecyl phosphate, dipotassium cetyl phosphate, sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, ammonium stearyl polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, potassium nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, and sodium phenyl phosphate. The surfactant comprises one or more of the following quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, hydroxystearamide propyltrimethylammonium chloride, cocamidopropyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride, denatammonium saccharin, benzyl denatammonium, PPG diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow methylammonium chloride, PEG tallow propylene dimethylammonium dimethyl sulfate, Basic Blue 99, HC Blue No. 17, Basic Blue 22; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following cationic amine salts: dodecaneamine hydrochloride, octylamine hydrochloride, stearamine hydrochloride, laurylamine sulfate, norepinephrine hydrochloride, Basic Violet 2, stearamide ethylethanolamine phosphate, Basic Blue 47, stearamide propyl dimethylamine phosphate, and olafluridine; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following heterocyclic cationic surfactants: dodecylpyridine bromide, hexadecylpyridine chloride monohydrate, 4,4-dimethylmorpholinium methyl sulfate, tubocurarine chloride, Basic Yellow 51; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amino acid amphoteric surfactants: lysine glutamate, vitamin U, 3-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine, DL-asparagine monohydrate, Kent peptide, pentapeptide-18, wheat peptide, alanylglutamine, hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid sodium theanine, N2,N2-dimethyl-N6-lauroyl-L-lysine, imidazolylphenylethylnaphthalenesulfonyl asparagine, neotame, asparagine; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following betaine amphoteric surfactants: dodecyl dimethyl betaine, myristyl betaine, cetyl betaine, behenyl betaine, seabuckthorn aminopropyl betaine, palmitamidopropyl betaine, myristamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, oleoyl betaine, di(hydroxyethyl)oleoylglycinate; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following imidazoline amphoteric surfactants: sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium wheat germ oleoamyl diacetate, disodium tallow oleoamyl diacetate, disodium soybean oleoamyl diacetate, lauroyl dipropionic acid, sodium lauroyl dipropionate, sodium decanoyl dipropionate, sodium myristoyl diacetate, disodium oleoyl dipropionate, sodium oleoyl dipropionate, sodium undecenoyl dipropionate, sodium oleoyl diacetate; and / or, The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amine oxide amphoteric surfactants: zinc pyrithione, sodium pyrithione, dipyridylthione, octyl dimethylamine oxide, dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, oleylamine oxide, cocoylamine oxide, cocoyl diethanolamide, sesame oleamide propylamine oxide, olive oil amide propylamine oxide, tallow amide propylamine oxide; and / or, The surfactant includes one or more of the following polyether nonionic surfactants: polyether F127, polyether P123, octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether; and / or The surfactant includes one or more of the following nonionic fatty alcohol surfactants: fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-5; and / or The surfactant comprises one or more of the following amide nonionic surfactants: N,N-di(hydroxyethyl)cocamide, lauroyl diethanolamine, lauroyl monoethanolamine, halocarban, flutamide, clomiton; and / or, The surfactant includes one or more of the following ester nonionic surfactants: Tween-80, Tween-60, Tween-65; and / or, The solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol dioctanoate.

44. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-43, wherein, The liquid filler includes one or more of electrolyte solutions, carbohydrate solutions, colloids, and suspensions. The carbohydrate solution includes carbohydrate solutes, which include one or more of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and carbohydrate derivatives. The colloid includes one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids.

45. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-44, wherein, The liquid filler includes an electrolyte solution: Electrolytes include one or more of acids, bases, and salts; and / or, Electrolytes include one or more of the following: strong acids, strong bases, weak acids, weak bases, salts of strong acids and strong bases, salts of strong acids and weak bases, salts of strong bases and weak acids, and salts of weak acids and weak bases; and / or, Electrolytes include one or more of the following: sulfuric acid, glycine, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium glycinate, sodium carbonate, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, and polymeric electrolytes; and / or, In the liquid filler, the molar concentration of the electrolyte is 0.005 mol / L-5 mol / L, optionally 0.01 mol / L-1 mol / L, and further optionally 0.05 mol / L-0.8 mol / L; and / or, The electrolyte solution includes a solvent, which includes one or more of the following: water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

46. ​​The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-45, wherein, The liquid filler includes a sugar solution: Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of glucose, xylose, fructose, mannose, ribose, and deoxyribose; and / or, Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of lactose, sucrose, maltose, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, chitosan oligosaccharides, and mannan oligosaccharides; and / or, Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of the following: xylofrasu, xylitol, xylopyranose, mannitol, sorbitol, gluconic acid, glucosamine, glucoside, and arabinitol; and / or, Carbohydrate solutes include one or more of the following: pectin, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, chitin, inulin, chitosan, and cellulose; and / or, The molecular weight of carbohydrate solutes is 17-200,000, optionally 90-1800, further optionally 150-900, and then optionally 180-450; and / or, In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the carbohydrate solute is 0.1%-60%, optionally 0.5%-10%, and further optionally 0.5%-5%; and / or, The sugar solution includes a solvent, which includes one or more of the following: water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

47. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-46, wherein, The liquid filler includes a colloid, which includes one or more of associative colloids, molecular colloids, and particle colloids. The associative colloid includes a surfactant, which includes anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants; and / or, The colloid includes molecular colloids, which include one or more of starch colloids, protein colloids, and carbohydrate colloids; and / or, The colloid includes molecular colloids, which include one or more of natural polymeric colloids and synthetic polymeric colloids. The colloid includes particle colloids, which include one or more of the following: metal colloids, metal oxide colloids, metal hydroxide colloids, and biological colloids; and / or, The colloid includes particle colloids, which include one or more of the following: silica sol, aluminum sol, ferric hydroxide colloid, aluminum hydroxide colloid, titanium dioxide colloid, milk, blood, and soy milk; and / or, In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the colloid is 0.1%-60%, optionally 0.5%-10%, and further optionally 1%-5%; and / or, The colloid comprises a continuous phase, which includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

48. The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-47, wherein, The liquid filler comprises a suspension, and the suspension comprises solid particles: The solid particles include nanoparticles; and / or, The solid particles include one or more of inorganic particles and organic particles; and / or, In the liquid filler, the mass concentration of the solid particles is 0.1%-30%, optionally 1%-10%, and further optionally 1%-5%; and / or, The suspension includes a dispersion medium, which includes one or more of water, alcohols, ethers, esters, amines, aldehydes, alkanes, and ketones.

49. A method for preparing a molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein, include: A support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes, the positive electrode is insulated from the negative electrode, and the support member, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode enclose a receiving space, wherein the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode is greater than that of the negative electrode. The containment space is filled with a liquid filler.

50. The method according to claim 49, wherein, include: A first support member is provided between the positive and negative electrodes, so that the first support member and the positive and negative electrodes form a receiving space that connects the positive and negative electrodes; or, An ion exchange membrane assembly is disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. A second support member is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the positive electrode, such that the positive electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support member form a receiving space communicating between the positive electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. Similarly, a second support member is disposed between the ion exchange membrane assembly and the negative electrode, such that the negative electrode, the ion exchange membrane assembly, and the second support member form a receiving space communicating between the negative electrode and the ion exchange membrane assembly. The containment space is filled with a liquid filler. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector, the negative electrode includes a negative current collector, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are made of the same material, the triboelectric charge density of at least a portion of the surface of the positive electrode facing the negative electrode is greater than the triboelectric charge density of the surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are insulated from each other.

51. The method according to claim 49 or 50, wherein, Also includes: An insulating sealing layer is provided to seal the accommodating space and / or the outer surface of the support member.

52. A power generation device, wherein, include: The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-48, or the molecular energy power generation device prepared by the method according to any one of claims 49-51.

53. The power generation device according to claim 52, wherein, Also includes: A heat source, said heat source being adapted to supply heat to the molecular energy power generation device; And / or, A vibration source, the vibration source being adapted to drive the movement of the liquid filler in the molecular energy power generation device.

54. The power generation device according to claim 53, wherein, The heat source includes one or more of the following: a heating box, an insulation box, a microwave heating element, an infrared heating element, a heating wire, and a heat exchange tube; and / or, The vibration source includes one or more of a vibrating screen and an ultrasonic device.

55. An electrical appliance, wherein, include: The molecular energy power generation device according to any one of claims 1-48, or the molecular energy power generation device made by the method according to any one of claims 49-51, or the power generation device according to any one of claims 52-54.

56. The electrical equipment according to claim 55, wherein, The electrical equipment includes one or more of the following: sensors, wearable devices, mobile devices, display devices, electronic devices, and heating fabrics.

Images