Fault detection of individual leds in LED segments comprising a plurality of leds in multiplexing operation

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting device, comprising: a plurality of segments on a substrate, each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes, which are electrically separated from one another; wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each comprise a first contact portion and a second contact portion, the first contact portions being designed to be connected to a driver circuit which is designed to actuate the light-emitting diodes; and wherein the second contact portions are designed to be connected to a multiplexing circuit, the multiplexing circuit being designed to operate at least one circuit of a segment.

Description

[0001] 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 1 -

[0002] Fault detection of individual LEDs in LED segments with multiple LEDs in multiplexing operation

[0003] Description

[0004] This disclosure relates to a light-emitting device comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and / or a driver circuit, as a circuit made of components or integrated in an integrated circuit (IC), for operating the same.

[0005] In some LED applications, particularly in the automotive industry, the failure of individual LEDs within a luminaire is undesirable, for example, due to safety or design considerations. Therefore, fault detection of individual short-circuited or open LEDs is necessary.

[0006] For larger luminaires with high LED density, a series or parallel connection of LEDs is common.

[0007] Examples are revealed in US 7, 876, 103 B and

[0008] US 2014 / 0152180 Al . However, electronic monitoring of a single LED is no longer possible.

[0009] If several LEDs are connected in a series circuit, or...

[0010] In parallel circuits, fault detection of a short circuit or an open circuit becomes increasingly difficult with increasing string length or number of parallel strings.

[0011] Short circuits or open connections in LED circuits are typically detected by measuring the forward voltage and comparing the measured value with a corresponding reference. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 2 -

[0012] When LEDs are connected in series and / or parallel, the variations in the forward voltages (e.g., binning, temperature, aging) of the individual LEDs add up in the worst case to such an extent that the cumulative variation exceeds the signal to be measured (voltage change due to a short circuit or open contact of an LED).

[0013] One object of this invention is to provide a device and a method for controlling it, which makes it possible to better detect defective light-emitting components.

[0014] In one aspect, a light-emitting device is provided, comprising: a plurality of segments on a substrate, each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes that are electrically separated from each other; wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each comprise a first contact section and a second contact section, the first contact sections being configured for connection to a driver circuit configured for driving the light-emitting diodes; and wherein the second contact sections being configured for connection to a multiplexing circuit, the multiplexing circuit being configured for operating at least one circuit of a segment.

[0015] The problem is clearly solved by comparing the forward voltages of several similar series and / or parallel circuits. Using a reference allows for the elimination of interferences that occur simultaneously, such as...

[0016] Temperature or aging averaged out during measurement 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 3 -

[0017] This allows for improved sensitivity of fault detection. By multiplexing at least two LED strings within a segment of the luminaire, measured voltages can be measured consecutively directly on the same driver channel and compared.

[0018] In one aspect, a driver circuit is provided for controlling light-emitting diodes of a light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device comprises: one segment or multiple segments (for example, a plurality of segments), each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes; and a multiplexing circuit comprising a first channel coupled to the first circuit of the segments and a second channel coupled to the second circuit of the segments.The driver circuit comprises: a first output circuit coupled to the first circuit of segments and configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit; a second output circuit coupled to the second circuit of segments and configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs of the second circuit; and an input circuit coupled to both the first and second circuits and configured to detect a signal corresponding to a current through the LEDs and / or a voltage drop across the LEDs of the first and / or second circuit. The first output circuit and the second output circuit can, for example, be identical, i.e., the operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit and the operating current for the second circuit are the same.

[0019] P2025, 0023 WO N - 4 -

[0020] The LEDs of the second circuit can be powered by a single shared output circuit. The input circuit can, for example, be a multiplexing switch circuit or a portion thereof. A multiplexing switch circuit can direct or switch the current flow first through the first circuit and then through the second circuit. This switching can occur alternately or in a predefined sequence. This allows, for example, each of the two circuits to be energized for 50% of the time during a switching cycle. It is understood that the number of circuits and the ratio of on-times can be adjusted to suit the specific application.

[0021] In the drawings, the same reference numerals generally refer to the same parts in the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, with the emphasis generally being on illustrating the principles of the invention. The following description details various aspects of the invention with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0022] FIG. l illustrates a circuit of a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes;

[0023] FIG.2A to FIG.2C are diagrams illustrating FIG.1;

[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram for FIG. 1;

[0025] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D are diagrams illustrating FIG. 1; 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N 5

[0026] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic top view of a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes;

[0027] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic top view of a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes; and

[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic driver circuit for a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes.

[0029] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific details and aspects in which the disclosure can be put into practice. One or more aspects are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to put the disclosure into practice. Other aspects may be used, and structural, logical, and electrical modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The various aspects described here are not necessarily mutually exclusive, since some aspects may be combined with one or more other aspects to form new aspects. Different aspects are described in connection with methods, and different aspects in connection with devices. However, it is understood that aspects described in connection with methods may also apply to devices, and vice versa.The drawings indicate that identical or similar elements, features, and structures are represented by the same reference numbers. It should be noted that the proportions in the drawings are not 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 6 -.

[0030] They must be to scale and the size of features may be highlighted for better illustration.

[0031] The device detects single or multiple short-circuited or open light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in LED segments by comparing the forward voltages of several similar series and / or parallel circuits. Because the channels are subject to identical operating conditions, co-occurring disturbances, such as temperature or aging, can be averaged out during measurement, thus increasing the sensitivity of fault detection.

[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes. FIG. 2A to FIG. 4D show diagrams for FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes.

[0033] To illustrate, the LEDs 150 of segments 120-1, 120-2, 120-3 are operated by a driver circuit 110, for example a driver IC, whose driver channels can be configured as current sources or sinks. The number of LEDs in circuits VI, V2 can typically be 1, 5, 10 or more.

[0034] As illustrated in FIG. 1, two LED strings (also referred to as the first circuit and second circuit of a segment - see FIG. 6) with the same number of 150 LEDs are connected in series to a common driver channel (current sink or source) or common driver circuit. It should be noted, however, that this is merely an illustrative representation. 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 7 -

[0035] For example, the number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the LED strings can vary from 150 to 150.

[0036] A multiplexing circuit 102 connects the respective circuit of the segments to ground for current sources and to a positive voltage potential for current sinks.

[0037] The current set via the driver circuit 110 then flows through the respective strand with the individually modulated pulse width modulation (PWM).

[0038] For example, the multiplexing of two strings can be set to 50% duty cycle each at multiplexing circuit 102. This allows the strings to experience the same operating conditions.

[0039] The multiplexing circuit 102 can be synchronized or time-coupled to the PWM of the driver circuit.

[0040] The voltage drop across the driver circuit can be measured at a defined time while current is flowing through the LEDs. This can be done, for example, during the last 33%, 25%, or 10% of the LEDs' on-time; see also FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D.

[0041] After the measurement, the voltage of the first measurement (multiplexing on-time of the first circuit) and the second measurement (multiplexing on-time of the second circuit) can be compared. If there is a deviation according to the conditions in FIG. 3 or individually for the specified use (application), an error signal can be output. The measurement can also account for the measurement inaccuracies of an analog-to-digital converter. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 8 -

[0042] (ADCs) must be taken into account. The deviation can depend, for example, on one or more of: the length of the LED strings (e.g., corresponding to the number of LEDs in the respective LED string), one or more initial conditions of the system, the color of the LEDs in the LED strings (e.g., the binning of the LEDs). The deviation can also be asymmetrical for the LED strings of a segment and / or individual for each of the LED strings or segments.

[0043] As illustrated in FIG. 1, more than two circuits VI, V2 can define a representable segment 650-3. With 2-way multiplexing, two circuits VI.1, V2.1, VI.2, V2.2 can always be operated on one driver channel or driver circuit, and their voltages compared. With 3-way multiplexing, three identical or similar strings can be operated via one driver channel or driver circuit. It is also possible to create a segment from four identical or similar circuits, operating two of them with the same driver channel or driver circuit. The respective circuits can then be controlled by multiplexing and evaluated as described above.

[0044] Interference can be minimized by a local, adjacent arrangement of two or more 650-1 segments (for example, operating in common mode) and measurement evaluation, for example, in the driver circuit. This enables fault detection in larger series and / or parallel circuits. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N 9

[0045] The light-emitting device vividly enables the operation of a (comparative) system segments with two or more individual circuits, each containing a multitude of LEDs exposed to very similar environmental conditions. For example, the LEDs of a segment can be located close to each other, as illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0046] Several such segments can be installed on one LED module.

[0047] The light-emitting device enables individual / flexible grouping of the driver channels or driver circuits to be compared.

[0048] Detecting a fault in a segment's circuit can, for example, be based on determining the voltage difference between the sequentially driven circuits of a segment with multiple identically operated circuits (also referred to as LED segments). The operation of the LED segments to be compared can be achieved within a light-emitting device using a constant current source / sink with ideally the same (typical) current and identical multiplexing. This avoids temperature variations.

[0049] Alternatively or additionally, this can enable identical operating conditions, for example with regard to (especially aging), for the LEDs of a segment.

[0050] A repetitive measurement of the voltage drops across the circuits to be compared at a defined 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N 10

[0051] Current can be measured directly at the driver channel or driver circuit using an ADC.

[0052] The driver circuit can measure the voltage drop across the driven circuit during the on-time of multiplexing. When using PWM through the driver circuit, the measurement is performed during the on-time.

[0053] The measurement can be taken, for example, in the same time range of the LEDs' on-time, such as the last 30%, the last 25%, or the last 10% of the on-time.

[0054] The drive circuit can evaluate the detected voltage drop across the circuit by the differential voltage of the segment at a defined current.

[0055] For example, the voltage drop across the first circuit can be determined by multiplexing it at a defined current and PWM. The determined value is stored in VM.

[0056] The voltage drop across the second circuit can be determined by multiplexing the second circuit at a defined current and PWM. The determined value is stored in VM.

[0057] The voltages measured in this way can be compared. If the permissible deviation (threshold) is exceeded, an error is registered. This allows for individual monitoring of the driver circuits, for example, shutting down the driver circuit in case of a fault. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 11 -

[0058] Due to similar environmental conditions, voltage-altering influences such as temperature, humidity, and corrosion affect both circuits of a segment being compared equally.

[0059] The disturbances affect all circuits of a segment being compared equally and are eliminated in the comparative measurement, allowing larger circuits of segments to be checked for errors.

[0060] By grouping the driver circuit, for example by using a large number of driver circuits or a driver circuit with a large number of driver channels, the bus load in the control, for example of the driver circuit, can be reduced.

[0061] For example, only a few volts drop across the driver stage, which keeps the absolute measurement range of the ADC small. At the same resolution, this results in a more accurate absolute measurement. This allows for fewer driver channels while maintaining the same animation capabilities, despite error detection through string comparison via multiplexing.

[0062] This enabled flexible, individual operation of the LED segments being compared when fault detection is not required. For example, temporary individual power supply is possible. The driver circuit with dual individual outputs can be used, for instance, for continuous individual power supply. In other words, fault detection is not mandatory. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025

[0063] P2025, 0023 WO N - 12 -

[0064] For specific applications, no extra measuring line or component is required in the light-emitting device for fault detection. For example, large areas, such as symbols, of a luminaire with large LED segments are already distributed across multiple driver channels. The light-emitting device thus allows for greater design freedom.

[0065] The definition of the measurement time can be tailored to the multiplexing in combination with pulse width modulation (PWM).

[0066] FIG.2A illustrates in a diagram the current I from the driver circuit to the first circuit ( II ) and the second circuit ( 12 ) of a segment as a function of time .

[0067] FIG. 2B illustrates the voltage detection of the energized circuits in the driver circuit without any faults in the circuits. FIG. 2C illustrates the voltage detection of the energized circuits in the driver circuit with a fault, for example, a short circuit in one of the LEDs in the first circuit. As can be seen, a voltage difference AU across the LED ULED can be detected due to the fault.

[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of evaluating the measured signal, for example in the driver circuit. To minimize voltage fluctuations due to temperature, a differential voltage measurement approach can be used, for example. The voltage of the circuits in a segment is compared. Both circuits are operated, for example, with the same current II, 12. A zero-hour 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 13 - is used.

[0069] The voltage difference between the two circuits is measured. The voltage difference between the two strings is measured repeatedly. The zero-hour voltage difference is subtracted to eliminate deviations due to LED binning. The result is compared with predefined limits or thresholds. As described above, the deviation in the zero-hour voltage difference can vary due to a different number of LEDs in the LED string of the same segment and / or between segments.

[0070] Furthermore, voltage difference ranges for 10 red LEDs per circuit are illustrated. The voltage range 204 without a physical fault, corresponding to a signal 208 "no fault", and the voltage range 202 with a physical fault, corresponding to a signal 206 "fault", are shown, with a threshold value 220 in between. In the worst case, the ranges change depending on the color or chain length.

[0071]

[0072] pk~ min Cp U , Cpo)

[0073] The process capability indices C are included in the formulas. p and C pK Key performance indicators (KPIs) for the statistical evaluation of a process in production engineering. They indicate how reliably the objectives specified in the specification are achieved. The formulas are only valid for normally distributed characteristics. DIN ISO 22514-2 (formerly DIN ISO 21747) contains [2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 14 -].

[0074] Calculation methods that are applicable to all distribution models.

[0075] The C pK The C-value can be defined from the mean x, the corresponding standard deviation s, and the upper (ULS) or lower (LSS) specification limit. The higher this value, the more certain the entire production run is within specification. If only one specification limit is given, it is used to calculate the C-value. pK -Value used .

[0076] The Cp value can be calculated if an upper and lower specification limit is defined.

[0077] During the C p The value only indicates the ratio of the specified tolerance to the process variation; the C value includes pK The value also indicates the position of the mean value relative to the specified tolerance center. In the best case (process mean lies exactly in the middle of the tolerance range), C pK = C p ; otherwise C pK < C p .

[0078] In the example above, UTG and OTG can be defined depending on the circuit, the LEDs used, and their forward voltages. Example values ​​can be found in the table in the figure. The table shows examples of the limit values ​​220 for LEDs of different colors 210: red (R), green (G), and blue (B) LEDs, with 10 of each per circuit.

[0079] FIGS. 4A to 4D illustrate the measured signal at a driver circuit. FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example of the operation of the light-emitting device with a duty cycle of 50% per channel / 2-way multiplexing with 2 mA on the driver channel and a 1 mA 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 15 -

[0080] The resulting luminous flux per LED is determined by 2-way multiplexing of the LEDs and a voltage measurement at a defined and constant time (illustrated by arrows in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B). The determined values ​​M1, M2, M3, and M4 can be stored and compared. The case where no fault is present (OK measurement) is illustrated in FIG. 4A. The case where a fault is present (not OK measurement) is illustrated in FIG. 4B. As can be seen, in the case of a fault, a voltage difference between M1 and M2 or between M3 and M4 can be determined.

[0081] Figures 4G and 4D illustrate an exemplary operation of the light-emitting device with a 50% duty cycle and 2-way multiplexing with a current of 2 mA at the driver channel, resulting in a luminous flux of 1 mA per LED due to 2-way multiplexing. A 20% pulse-width modulation is used for multiplexing. This results in a luminous flux of 0.2 mA per LED due to the combination of 2-way multiplexing, a 20% duty cycle, and a voltage measurement at a defined and constant time (illustrated by arrows in Figures 4C and 4D). The measured values ​​M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 can be stored and compared. The case where no fault is present (OK measurement) is illustrated in Figure 4C. The case where there is an error (not OK (niO) or not OK (nok) measurement) is illustrated in FIG.4D.As can be seen, in the event of a fault, a voltage difference between M1 and M2 or between M3 and M4 can be determined. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 16 -.

[0082] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic top view of a light-emitting device with a plurality of light-emitting diodes 150. The light-emitting diodes 150 of the circuits of a segment 120 of the same environmental condition can be arranged, for example, nested on a common substrate (left) and / or in lines next to each other (right).

[0083] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic top view of a device 100 with a plurality of light-emitting diodes 150. The light-emitting device 100 can have a plurality of segments 650 on a substrate 600, each segment 650 having a plurality of light-emitting diodes 150, and each segment 650 having at least a first circuit 610 of light-emitting diodes 150 and a second circuit 620 of light-emitting diodes 150. The circuits 610 and 620 can be electrically separated from each other, for example, they can be controlled independently.

[0084] To illustrate, the 150 LEDs of a segment 650 exhibit the same or very similar environmental conditions.

[0085] The first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 can each have a first contact section 602 (for example, a contact pad, landing pad, bump, plug, or socket). The first contact sections 602 can be configured for connection to a driver circuit (see FIG. 1) that is configured to control the LEDs 150.

[0086] The driver circuit can be arranged on the substrate 600. The driver circuit can be arranged in an edge region of the substrate. The driver circuit can be arranged on a side of the substrate opposite the side on which the LEDs 150 are arranged. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 17 -

[0087] The driver circuit can be configured to detect a signal corresponding to a current through the LEDs 150 and / or a voltage drop across the LEDs 150 of the first circuit 610 and / or the second circuit 620. The detected signal can be a voltage difference. The voltage difference can be the difference between the voltage drop across the first circuit 610 and the voltage drop across the second circuit 620. The driver circuit can be configured such that the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 are operated with the same or substantially the same current. The driver circuit can be configured such that the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 are operated in pulsed mode. The driver circuit can include a memory to store the values ​​of detected signals for a predetermined period of time.

[0088] Pulsed control of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be used to precisely control their brightness, optimize energy consumption, and expand their functionality. Common pulse modulation methods include pulse-width modulation (PWM), where brightness is controlled by varying the on-time at a constant current, and pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), where the current amplitude is adjusted. Alternatives to pulsed LED control include linear current control, which provides stable, flicker-free light output through continuous regulation; frequency modulation (EM), where the frequency of the current signal is varied; digital current control, which operates precisely in discrete steps; and resonant operation, which minimizes switching losses and increases efficiency.

[0089] AC Direct Drive, which supplies the LEDs directly with alternating current; and thermally controlled regulation, which regulates the current based on the temperature and thus avoids overheating.

[0090] The driver circuit can be configured to generate a reference value that corresponds to values ​​of the detected signal at different times. The reference value can correspond to a change in the voltage drop across the circuit. The driver circuit can be configured to output an error signal if the reference value exceeds a threshold. The driver circuit can include an analog-to-digital converter. The driver circuit can include a comparator. The driver circuit can be configured to evaluate the detected signal.

[0091] The first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 can each have a second contact section 604 (for example, a via or a node). The second contact sections 604 can be configured for connection to a multiplexing circuit 102.

[0092] The multiplexing circuit 102 is configured to operate at least one circuit 610, 620 of a segment 650. The multiplexing circuit 102 can, for example, be configured to connect one or more (both) of the circuits 610, 620 to a ground terminal 606. This allows the cathodes of the LEDs 150 to be connected to the ground terminal 606. This closes a circuit defined by the ground terminal 606, the corresponding circuit 610, 620, and the driver circuit. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 19 -

[0093] The driver circuit can, for example, include the multiplexer circuit.

[0094] The substrate 600 can be a transparent film, for example a plastic film.

[0095] The substrate 600 can have a conductor track structure, wherein the conductor track structure has at least a first conductor track 104 that is coupled to the second contact section 604 of the first circuit 610 of the segments, and a second conductor track 106 that is coupled to the second contact section 604 of the second circuit 620 of the segments.

[0096] The substrate 600 can optionally include the multiplexing circuit 102, for example embedded or integrated. The multiplexing circuit 102 can, for example, include one or more transistors.

[0097] The conductor track structure of the substrate 600 can further include a contact section 630, for example contact pads, landing pads, bumps, a plug or a socket.

[0098] The multiplexing circuit 102 can, for example, have a first channel coupled to the first conductor track 104 through the contact section 630, and a second channel coupled to the second conductor track 106 through the contact section 630.

[0099] At least a proportion of the LEDs 150 can be micro LEDs 150. The LEDs 150 of the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 can be arranged such that they have the same or substantially the same effect. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 20 -

[0100] are exposed to the same environmental conditions. The LEDs 150 of the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 of a segment can be arranged along a line, with the lines of the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 being arranged next to each other.

[0101] Alternatively, the light-emitting diodes 150 of the first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 can be arranged in a pattern distributed among each other.

[0102] The first circuit 610 and the second circuit 620 of the segments can, for example, each contain 10 LEDs (LEDs) of 150. However, this is merely an illustrative example, and circuits 610 and 620 can have more or fewer LEDs, and the number of LEDs can be the same or different. The first circuit 610 can have a first number of LEDs (LEDs) of 150, and the second circuit 620 can have a second number of LEDs (LEDs) of 150 that differs from the first number. The first circuit 610 can have a first type of LED (LEDs) of 150, and the second circuit 620 can have a second type of LED (LEDs) of 150 that differs from the first type.

[0103] At least some of the light-emitting diodes 150 of the first circuit 610 or the second circuit 620 can be connected in a series circuit.

[0104] Optionally, at least one segment 650 may have at least one third circuit, which is set up like the first circuit 610 or the second circuit 620.

[0105] The segments can be configured such that their environmental conditions are independent of each other. The2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 21 -

[0106] The multiplexing circuit can be configured to operate the first circuit 610 for a first period and the second circuit 620 for a second period. The first and second periods need not overlap. The driver circuit can be configured to drive the first circuit 610 for at least a first duration within the first period and to drive the second circuit 620 for at least a second duration within the second period. The driver circuit can be configured to detect a first signal for at least a first detection period within the first duration and a second signal for at least a second detection period within the second duration. The first detection period and the second detection period can be of equal length. The first detection period and the second detection period can each be at least one-third of the first and second detection periods, respectively.second time period.

[0107] The light-emitting device 100 can have an electrical connection from the multiplexing circuit to the driver circuit, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to output a clock signal to the driver circuit, the clock signal corresponding to the circuit operated by the multiplexing circuit.

[0108] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic driver circuit 110 for a device described above with a plurality of light-emitting diodes. The driver circuit 110 is an example of various possible configurations of a driver circuit, a driver channel, and an analog-to-digital (AD) converter (ADC). The ADC 706-1, 706-2 is shown in FIG. 72024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 22 -

[0109] The driver circuit 110 is represented as a measuring system. However, it can implement any other voltage measurement method.

[0110] The ADCs or measurement systems 706-1 and 706-2 determine the potential difference between the ADC / measurement system and the voltage source 702-1, or the difference between the ADC / measurement system and the voltage source 702-2. One value corresponds to the voltage drop across the driver stage, the other to the voltage drop across the LED string VI, V2, which is actively switched by the multiplexing circuit. The input circuit 704 can be, for example, a comparator, firmware, etc., which evaluates or processes the values ​​and, if necessary, decides whether an error is present or not.

[0111] The driver circuit 110 comprises one or more output circuits 705 and one or more input circuits 704. The output circuit 705 is configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs 150.

[0112] The operating current for the 150 LEDs is supplied by output circuit 705 between voltage source 702-1 and ADCs 706-1 and 706-2. Output circuit 705 provides the operating current for all subsequent LED strings VI and V2, for example, for all strings operating in the same multiplexing configuration. The multiplexing circuit 102 alternately activates and currents through each LED string. In essence, multiplexing circuit 102 closes the open circuit to the corresponding low or high potential of voltage source 702-2. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 23 -

[0113] The output circuit 705 can be connected to a voltage source 702-1 to provide the operating current for the LEDs 150. Depending on the application, the voltage source 702-1 can be a high-potential or a low-potential source. Correspondingly, the multiplexing circuit 102 can be connected to a voltage source 702-2, for example, a high-potential or a low-potential source. The multiplexing circuit 102 can be configured to supply a clock signal 708 to one or more ADCs 706-1, 706-2, or the measuring system, and / or to one or more input circuits 704.

[0114] The input circuit 704 is essentially a measurement circuit (also called a detection circuit). This circuit is designed to process data or values ​​that correspond to a voltage drop across the LEDs or the driver stage. For example, the input circuit 704 includes a voltage comparator connected to the ADCs 706-1 and 706-2, and the difference in their voltage drops is the measurement signal. This measurement signal can be clocked by the clock signal 708. This clock signal synchronizes the on-cycle with the measurement system in multiplexing mode, thus ensuring a measurement occurs within the on-time of the respective LED string.

[0115] The word "for example" is used here in the sense of "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any example or design described here as "for example" is not necessarily to be understood as preferred or advantageous over other examples or designs. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 24 -

[0116] The words "multiple" and "several" in the description or claims expressly refer to a quantity greater than one. The terms "group (of)" and the like in the description or claims refer to a quantity equal to or greater than one, i.e., one or more. Any term expressed in "multiple" that is not expressly designated as "multiple" or "several" also refers to a quantity equal to or greater than one.

[0117] The term "connected" can be understood in the sense of a (e.g., mechanical, optical, and / or electrical), direct or indirect, connection and / or interaction. For example, several elements can be mechanically connected so that they are physically held together (e.g., a plug connected to a socket), and electrically connected so that they have an electrically conductive path (e.g., signal paths exist along a communication chain).

[0118] Although the components of the optical device are depicted as separate elements in the descriptions and accompanying illustrations above, experts appreciate the various possibilities of combining or integrating discrete optical functions into a single element. This can include combining two or more components from a single part.

[0119] Conversely, experts will recognize the possibility of splitting a single element into two or more separate elements, such as splitting a single component into two or more separate components.

[0120] For example, the driver circuit can consist of several elements, such as electronic components, 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 25 -

[0121] This can be implemented. Alternatively, the driver circuit can be implemented by a single integrated circuit (IC).

[0122] Alternatively, a significant part of the driver circuit, for example the evaluation logic, can be implemented by an integrated circuit (IC), and other elements, for example the multiplexing switch circuit, can be implemented by other elements.

[0123] It is assumed that the methods described herein are exemplary and can therefore be implemented in a corresponding device. Likewise, it is assumed that implementations of the devices described herein can be implemented as a corresponding method. It is therefore understood that a device corresponding to a method described herein may contain one or more components configured to perform each aspect of the corresponding method.

[0124] The following are some examples that relate to what is described and depicted in the figures.

[0125] Example 1 is a light-emitting device comprising: a plurality of segments on a substrate, each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes that are electrically separated from each other; wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each have a first contact section and a second contact section, the first contact sections being configured for connection to a driver circuit, which is for 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 26 -

[0126] The control of the light-emitting diodes is set up; and wherein the second contact sections are set up for connection to a multiplexing circuit, wherein the multiplexing circuit is set up to operate at least one circuit of a segment.

[0127] In Example 2, the object from Example 1 may optionally have a substrate that is a transparent film.

[0128] In Example 3, the subject of Example 1 or 2 may optionally have a substrate comprising a conductor structure, wherein the conductor structure comprises at least a first conductor coupled to the second contact section of the first circuit of the segments, and a second conductor coupled to the second contact section of the second circuit of the segments.

[0129] In Example 4, the object from one of Examples 1 to 3 can optionally include the multiplexing circuit.

[0130] In Example 5, the device from any of Examples 1 to 4 may optionally include a multiplexing circuit with a first channel coupled to the second contact section of the first circuit of segments, and a second channel coupled to the second contact section of the second circuit of segments. Alternatively, the second contact section may be an anode contact, and the multiplexing circuit may be configured to connect the circuit to be operated to a supply voltage of the light-emitting device.

[0131] In Example 6, the object from Example 5 may optionally have the second contact section a 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025

[0132] P2025, 0023 WO N - 27 -

[0133] The cathode contact is in place and the multiplexing circuit is set up to connect the circuit to be operated to a ground connection of the light-emitting device.

[0134] In Example 7, the item from one of Examples 1 to 6 may optionally have at least a proportion of the light-emitting diodes that are micro-LEDs.

[0135] In Example 8, the item from any of Examples 1 to 7 may optionally have the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit and the second circuit arranged such that they are exposed to the same or substantially the same environmental conditions.

[0136] In Example 9, the object from any of Examples 1 to 8 may optionally have the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit and the second circuit of a segment arranged along a line, with the lines of the first circuit and second circuit arranged next to each other.

[0137] In Example 10, the object from one of Examples 1 to 8 may optionally have the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit and the second circuit arranged in a pattern distributed among each other.

[0138] In Example 11, the item from any of Examples 1 to 10 may optionally have the first and second circuits of the segments each contain 10 or fewer LEDs. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N 28

[0139] In Example 12, the item from any of Examples 1 to 11 may optionally have the first circuit having a first number of light-emitting diodes, and the second circuit having a second number of light-emitting diodes that differs from the first number.

[0140] In Example 13, the item from any of Examples 1 to 12 may optionally include the first circuit having a first type of light-emitting diodes, and the second circuit having a second type of light-emitting diodes that is different from the first type.

[0141] In Example 14, the object from one of Examples 1 to 13 may optionally have at least some of the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit or the second circuit connected in a series circuit.

[0142] In Example 15, the item from any of Examples 1 to 14 may optionally have at least one segment having at least one third circuit set up like the first circuit or the second circuit.

[0143] In Example 16, the subject matter of any one of Examples 1 to 15 may optionally include at least one circuit of a segment comprising at least one first sub-circuit and one second sub-circuit having a different number of LEDs and / or different types of LEDs; and further comprising a control structure such that one of the first sub-circuits and one of the second sub-circuits is operated. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 29 -

[0144] In Example 17, the object from Example 16 may optionally have one of its sub-circuits free of light-emitting diodes.

[0145] In Example 18, the object from one of Examples 16 to 17 may optionally have at least one of its sub-circuits comprising a sensor circuit.

[0146] In Example 19, the item from one of Examples 1 to 18 may optionally have one of the first circuits and one of the second circuits having a sensor circuit.

[0147] In Example 20, the object from one of Examples 1 to 4 may optionally also include the driver circuit.

[0148] In Example 21, the object of Example 20 may optionally have the driver circuit arranged on the substrate.

[0149] In Example 22, the object of Example 21 may optionally have the driver circuit arranged in a peripheral region of the substrate.

[0150] In Example 23, the item from one of Examples 21 to 22 may optionally have the driver circuit arranged on a side of the substrate opposite the side on which the light-emitting diodes are arranged.

[0151] In Example 24, the object from one of Examples 1 to 23 may optionally further comprise a plurality of driver circuits, each driver circuit of the plurality of driver circuits being connected to at least one segment. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 30 -

[0152] In Example 25, the object of Example 24 may optionally include a control unit that is coupled to the multitude of driver circuits and is configured to control the multitude of driver circuits.

[0153] In Example 26, the subject of Example 20 may optionally include the driver circuit being arranged on a carrier that is separated from the substrate; and the driver circuit being connected to the first contact section of the circuits by a cable connection.

[0154] In Example 27, the object from Example 26 may optionally have a printed circuit board as its support.

[0155] In Example 28, the item from any of Examples 20 to 27 may optionally include the driver circuit configured to detect a signal corresponding to a current through the LEDs and / or a voltage drop across the LEDs of the first circuit and / or the second circuit.

[0156] In Example 29, the subject of Example 28 may optionally exhibit that the detected signal is a voltage difference.

[0157] In Example 30, the subject of Example 28 may optionally have the voltage difference being a difference between the voltage drop across the first circuit and the voltage drop across the second circuit.

[0158] In Example 31, the item from one of Examples 20 to 30 may optionally have the driver circuit configured such that the first circuit and the second 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 31 -

[0159] The circuit must be operated with current of the same or substantially the same strength.

[0160] In Example 32, the item from one of Examples 20 to 31 may optionally have the driver circuit configured such that the first circuit and the second circuit are operated in pulsed mode.

[0161] In Example 33, the item from one of Examples 20 to 32 may optionally have a driver circuit that includes a memory to store values ​​of detected signals for a specified period of time.

[0162] In Example 34, the object from one of Examples 20 to 33 may optionally include the driver circuit configured to generate a comparison value that corresponds to values ​​of the detected signal at different times.

[0163] In Example 35, the subject of Example 34 may optionally exhibit that the comparison value corresponds to a change in the voltage drop across the circuits.

[0164] In Example 36, the item from one of Examples 34 to 35 may optionally have the driver circuit configured to output an error signal when the comparison value exceeds a threshold.

[0165] In Example 37, the item from any of Examples 20 to 36 may optionally include an analog-to-digital converter in the driver circuit. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 32 -

[0166] In Example 38, the item from any of Examples 20 to 37 may optionally have a driver circuit that includes a comparator.

[0167] In Example 39, the item from one of Examples 20 to 38 may optionally have the driver circuit set up to evaluate the detected signal.

[0168] In Example 40, the subject of Example 28 may optionally further include a microcontroller connected to the driver circuit and acquiring the detected signal, wherein the microcontroller is configured to evaluate the detected signal.

[0169] In various examples, the microcontroller, the driver circuit and the measurement technology can be integrated into a common integrated circuit, for example in a single compact component.

[0170] In Example 41, the object from one of Examples 1 to 40 may optionally have segments arranged such that their environmental conditions are independent of each other.

[0171] In Example 42, the item from any of Examples 1 to 41 may optionally include the multiplexing circuit set up to operate the first circuit for a first period and the second circuit for a second period.

[0172] In Example 43, the subject of Example 42 may optionally have that the first period and the second period do not overlap. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 33 -

[0173] In Example 44, the object from one of Examples 42 to 43 may optionally include the driver circuit being configured to drive the first circuit at least for a first duration within the first period, and to drive the second circuit at least for a second duration within the second period.

[0174] In Example 45, the subject of Example 44 with Example 20 can optionally include the driver circuit being set up to detect a first signal at least for a first detection period within the first time period and to detect a second signal at least for a second detection period within the second time period.

[0175] In Example 46, the subject of Example 45 can optionally have the first recording period and the second recording period being of the same length.

[0176] In Example 47, the object from one of Examples 45 to 46 may optionally have the feature that the first recording period or the second recording period is at least one third of the first or second period, respectively.

[0177] In Example 48, the object from one of Examples 20 to 47 may optionally further have an electrical connection from the multiplexing circuit to the driver circuit, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to output a clock signal to the driver circuit, the clock signal corresponding to the circuit operated by the multiplexing circuit. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 34 -

[0178] In Example 49, the item from any of Examples 20 to 48 may optionally include the driver circuit as the multiplexer circuit.

[0179] Example 50 is a roller comprising a plurality of light-emitting devices according to any one of claims 1 to 49 on a common support substrate.

[0180] In Example 51, the object of Example 50 may optionally have the substrates of the light-emitting devices glued to the support substrate.

[0181] In Example 52, the subject of Example 51 may optionally have the support substrate being the substrate of the light-emitting devices.

[0182] Example 53 is a device comprising one or more light-emitting devices according to any one of claims 1 to 52; and a casing configured to receive electrostatic discharge, wherein the casing surrounds the one or more light-emitting devices.

[0183] Example 54 is a driver circuit for controlling light-emitting diodes of a light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device comprises: a plurality of segments, each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes; and a multiplexing circuit comprising a first channel coupled to the first circuit of the segments and a second channel coupled to the second circuit of the segments; the driver circuit comprising: a first output circuit coupled to the first 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 35 -

[0184] The circuit consists of two segments coupled to a first circuit and configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit; a second output circuit coupled to the second circuit and configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs of the second circuit; and an input circuit coupled to both the first and second circuits and configured to detect a signal corresponding to a current through the LEDs and / or a voltage drop across the LEDs of the first and / or second circuits. The first and second output circuits may be identical, for example, configured as a single common output circuit.The common output circuit can, for example, provide the operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit and the operating current for the LEDs of the second circuit sequentially. For example, the operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit can be the same as the operating current for the LEDs of the second circuit.

[0185] In Example 55, the subject of Example 54 may optionally exhibit that the detected signal is a voltage difference.

[0186] In Example 56, the subject of Example 54 may optionally have the voltage difference being a difference between the voltage drop across the first circuit and the voltage drop across the second circuit.

[0187] In Example 57, the item may optionally have from one of Examples 54 to 56 such that the driver circuit is such as 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 36 -

[0188] The circuit is set up so that the first circuit and the second circuit are operated with current of the same or substantially the same strength.

[0189] In Example 58, the item from one of Examples 54 to 57 may optionally have the driver circuit configured such that the first circuit and the second circuit are operated in pulsed mode.

[0190] In Example 59, the item from one of Examples 54 to 58 may optionally have a driver circuit that includes a memory to store values ​​of detected signals for a specified period of time.

[0191] In Example 60, the item from one of Examples 54 to 59 may optionally include a driver circuit configured to generate a comparison value that corresponds to values ​​of the detected signal at different times.

[0192] In Example 61, the subject of Example 60 may optionally exhibit that the comparison value corresponds to a change in the voltage drop across the circuits.

[0193] In Example 62, the item from any of Examples 54 to 61 may optionally include that the driver circuit further comprises a third output circuit configured to output an error signal when the comparison value exceeds a threshold.

[0194] In Example 63, the item from any of Examples 54 to 62 may optionally include an input circuit with an analog-to-digital converter. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 37 -

[0195] In Example 64, the item from any of Examples 54 to 63 may optionally have an input circuit that includes a comparator.

[0196] In Example 65, the subject matter of any of Examples 54 to 64 may optionally include the multiplexing circuit being configured to operate the first circuit for a first period and to operate the second circuit for a second period; and the driver circuit being configured to drive the first circuit for at least a first period within the first period and to drive the second circuit for at least a second period within the second period.

[0197] In Example 66, the subject of Example 65 may optionally have that the first period and the second period do not overlap.

[0198] In Example 67, the object from one of Examples 65 to 66 may optionally include the driver circuit configured to detect a first signal at least for a first detection period within the first time period and to detect a second signal at least for a second detection period within the second time period.

[0199] In Example 68, the subject of Example 67 can optionally have the first recording period and the second recording period being of the same length.

[0200] In Example 69, the item from one of Examples 67 to 68 may optionally have the first recording period 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 38 -

[0201] or the second recording period is at least one third of the first or second period duration.

[0202] In Example 70, the article of one of Examples 54 to 69 may optionally include that the light-emitting device is further configured to have an electrical connection from the multiplexing circuit to the driver circuit, and the driver circuit further includes a further input circuit which can be coupled to the multiplexing circuit by means of an electrical connection, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to output a clock signal to the driver circuit, the clock signal corresponding to the circuit operated by the multiplexing circuit.

[0203] In Example 71, the item from any of Examples 54 to 70 may optionally include the driver circuit as the multiplexer circuit.

[0204] Example 72 is a light fixture, comprising:

[0205] a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 53; and a transparent housing, wherein the light-emitting device is arranged in the transparent housing such that light emitted by the light-emitting diodes is emitted through the transparent housing.

[0206] In Example 76, the object from Example 72 may optionally have a housing designed to fit into a predefined socket.

[0207] In Example 77, the item from Example 76 may optionally have a socket that corresponds to a vehicle rear light. 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 39 -

[0208] Example 78 is a storage medium comprising machine-readable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: detect a first signal at least for a first detection period within the first duration and detect a second signal at least for a second detection period within the second duration; wherein a first circuit is driven at least for the first duration within a first period, and a second circuit is driven at least for the second duration within a second period; wherein the first circuit is connected to a ground terminal in the first period and the second circuit is connected to a ground terminal in the second period.

[0209] The storage medium may also contain instructions that correspond to the features of any of Examples 54 to 71. In other words, the signal can be determined by a computer-readable program.

[0210] All acronyms defined in the above description also apply to all claims contained herein.

[0211] Although the disclosure has been shown and described, particularly with reference to specific embodiments, it should be clear to the person skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the attached claims. The scope of the disclosure is therefore specified by the attached claims, and all changes falling within the scope of meaning and equivalence of the claims are to be included. 2024PF01074 22 December 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 40 -

[0212] This patent application claims priority from German patent application 10 2025 102 043.4, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025

[0213] P2025, 0023 WO N - 41 -

[0214] REFERENCE MARK LIST

[0215] 100 light-emitting devices

[0216] 102 Multiplexing circuit

[0217] 104, 106 conductor track

[0218] 110 driver circuit, driver channel

[0219] 120, 120-1, 120-2, 120-3 Segment in an environmental condition 150 light-emitting diode

[0220] 202, 204, 206, 208 Border areas

[0221] 210 colors

[0222] 220 Limit value

[0223] VI, V2 Circuit of a segment, string with 600 LEDs Substrate

[0224] 602, 604 Contact section

[0225] 606 Ground connection

[0226] 630 Contact section

[0227] 610, 620 Circuit of a segment

[0228] 650 segments in one environmental condition

[0229] 702-1, 702-2 Voltage source (high potential or low potential)

[0230] 704 Input circuit

[0231] 705 Output circuit

[0232] 706-1, 706-2 measuring circuit or ADC

[0233] 708 clock signal

Claims

2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 42 - PATENT CLAIMS 1. Light-emitting device comprising: a plurality of segments on a substrate, each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each segment comprising at least a first circuit of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit of light-emitting diodes that are electrically separated from each other; wherein the first circuit and the second circuit each comprise a first contact section and a second contact section, the first contact sections being configured for connection to a driver circuit configured for driving the light-emitting diodes; and wherein the second contact sections are configured for connection to a multiplexing circuit, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to operate at least one circuit of a segment .

2. Light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising the multiplexing circuit, wherein the second contact section is a cathode contact and the multiplexing circuit is configured to connect the circuit to be operated to a ground connection of the light-emitting device, or wherein the second contact section is an anode contact and the multiplexing circuit is configured to connect the circuit to be operated to a supply voltage of the light-emitting device.

3. Light-emitting device according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit and the second circuit are arranged such that the 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 43 - are exposed to the same or substantially the same environmental conditions.

4. Light-emitting device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first circuit and second circuit of the segments each have 10 light-emitting diodes or fewer.

5. Light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first circuit comprises a first number of light-emitting diodes, and the second circuit comprises a second number of light-emitting diodes that differs from the first number; and / or wherein the first circuit has a first type of light-emitting diodes, and the second circuit has a second type of light-emitting diodes which differs from the first type.

6. Light-emitting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least a part of the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit or the second circuit are connected together in a series circuit.

7. Light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising the driver circuit, wherein the driver circuit is arranged on the substrate, wherein the driver circuit is arranged in an edge region of the substrate, and / or wherein the driver circuit is arranged on a side of the substrate opposite the side on which the light-emitting diodes are arranged. 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 44 - 8. Light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to operate the first circuit for a first period and to operate the second circuit for a second period.

9. Light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an electrical connection from the multiplexing circuit to the driver circuit, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to output a clock signal to the driver circuit, wherein the clock signal corresponds to the circuit operated by the multiplexing circuit.

10. Driver circuit for controlling light-emitting diodes of a light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device comprises: a plurality of segments (120-1, 120-2, 120-3), each segment comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (150), each segment comprising at least a first circuit (VI) of light-emitting diodes and a second circuit (V2) of light-emitting diodes; and a multiplexing circuit ( 102 ) having a first channel ( 104 ) coupled to the first circuit of the segments and a second channel ( 106 ) coupled to the second circuit of the segments; wherein the driver circuit ( 110) comprises: an output circuit (705) coupled to the first circuit of the segments and configured to provide an operating current for the LEDs of the first circuit; and 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 45 - wherein the output circuit (705) is further coupled to the second circuit of the segments and is configured to provide an operating current for the light-emitting diodes of the second circuit, and one or more measuring circuits (706-1, 706-2) coupled to the first circuit and the second circuit are set up to detect a signal corresponding to a current through the light-emitting diodes and / or a voltage drop across the light-emitting diodes of the first circuit and / or the second circuit.

11. Driver circuit according to claim 10, further comprising an input circuit (704) which is coupled to the one or more measuring circuit(s) and is configured to further process or evaluate the values ​​of the one or more measuring circuit(s).

12. Driver circuit according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the determined signal is a voltage difference, wherein the voltage difference is a difference between the voltage drop across the first circuit and the voltage drop across the second circuit.

13. Driver circuit according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the driver circuit is configured such that the first circuit and the second circuit are operated with current of the same or substantially the same current strength.

14. Driver circuit according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the driver circuit is configured such that 2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N - 46 - The first circuit and the second circuit are operated in pulsed mode.

15. Driver circuit according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the driver circuit further comprises a third output circuit which is configured to output an error signal when the comparison value exceeds a threshold value.

16. Driver circuit according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the driver circuit is configured to drive the first circuit at least for a first period of time within the first period, and to drive the second circuit at least for a second period of time within the second period.

17. Driver circuit according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein the driver circuit is configured to determine a first signal at least for a first detection period within the first time period and to determine a second signal at least for a second detection period within the second time period.

18. Driver circuit according to any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein the light-emitting device further comprises: an electrical connection from the multiplexing circuit to the driver circuit, and the driver circuit further comprises a further input circuit which is coupled to the multiplexing circuit by means of an electrical connection, wherein the multiplexing circuit is configured to output a clock signal to the driver circuit, wherein the clock-2024PF01074 December 22, 2025 P2025, 0023 WO N 47 The signal corresponds to the circuit operated by the multiplexing circuit.

19. Lamp, comprising: a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9; a driver circuit according to any one of claims 11 to 18; and a transparent housing, wherein a light-emitting device is arranged in the transparent housing such that light emitted by the light-emitting diodes is emitted through the transparent housing.

20. Integrated circuit comprising a driver circuit according to any one of claims 10 to 18.

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