Control of devices in a first space

Abstract

A mechanism for controlling the operation of devices in a first space. When the first space becomes vacated by an individual, an activity of the individual in a second, separate space is determined and used to control the operation of the devices in the first space.

Description

[0001] 2024PF80473

[0002] 1

[0003] CONTROL OF DEVICES IN A FIRST SPACE

[0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present disclosure relates to the field of automated device control, and in particular, to control of devices responsive to occupancy of a space.

[0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] There is an increasing interest in the integration of smart devices into buildings, such as domestic environments (e.g., houses or apartments) and / or office environments. It has been recognized that improved power savings can be achieved by automated control of devices responsive to occupancy of a space in which the device(s) are positioned.

[0008] By way of simple example, a space may be monitored by an occupancy sensor such as a passive infrared (PIR) sensor. One or more devices in the space, such as one or more lighting devices, may be automatically controlled by a processing system responsive to sensor signals generated by the occupancy sensor, e.g., to deactivate the device(s) when the space is unoccupied or vacant.

[0009] However, it has also been recognized that immediate deactivation of a device in a space when it becomes vacant may frustrate an individual, particularly if they are only temporarily leaving the space (e.g., to fetch something from another space). A typical solution to this problem is to integrate a timeout period into the control system. For example, the device(s) may be deactivated only after the space has been vacant for a predetermined period of time. This approach may help to reduce unnecessary device activations and deactivations, improving energy efficiency and user experience.

[0010] US2018204432A1 relates to solutions providing a set of hub devices for providing per-room monitoring of an area associated with a structure. A set of hub devices monitors movements of a user through the monitored area to generate user traffic data. A dynamic map of the monitored area is generated based on the user traffic data. Notifications of some detected sounds are provided to user device(s) to notify at least one user of the occurrence of the detected sounds. If a detected sound indicates a safety issue, a safe route2024PF80473

[0011] 2

[0012] leading from a current location of the user to a different potentially safer location is generated and provided to the user to facilitate an evacuation.

[0013] US8855793B2 relates to a technical solution for learning equipment schedules based on user occupancy patterns and equipment usage patterns. There is an ongoing desire to improve the efficiency and functionality of control mechanisms for automated control of devices within a space.

[0014] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The invention is defined by the claims.

[0016] In accordance with a proposed approach, there is provided a computer-implemented method for controlling the operation of one or more devices in a first space. The computer-implemented method comprises: determining, using one or more occupancy sensors, whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant; and responsive to determining that the individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant: identifying, using one or more activity sensing arrangements, a type of activity performed by the individual in a second space after the individual entering into the second space, wherein the second space is different to the first space; and controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

[0017] The present disclosure proposes a method for controlling of devices in a first space based on the activity of an individual in a second space. This approach enhances energy efficiency and user convenience by adapting device operation to contextual information beyond simple occupancy detection. In other words, the proposed method facilitates intelligent control of one or more devices in a vacant space based on a user's activity in another space, allowing for energy savings and / or reduced user disturbance while maintaining user convenience. The approach reduces unnecessary device activation / deactivation cycles and / or enhances user experience.

[0018] The proposed method offers improved efficiency by only determining activity in the second space once the user has left the first space. This approach may reduce unnecessary processing and sensor usage when the first space remains occupied. By waiting until the first space is vacant before identifying activity in the second space, the proposed approach is conserve activity sensing arrangement resources and energy.

[0019] In some embodiments, the controlling of the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity in the second space is2024PF80473

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[0021] independent of the control of any device in the second space. This approach allows for tailored device management in each individual space based on its specific context and user behavior. In particular, by controlling devices in the first space independently of devices in the second space, the system is able to optimize energy usage and user comfort on a room-by-room basis. Moreover, this enables the proposed approach to adapt its control strategies to the unique characteristics and typical usage patterns of different spaces within the environment. For example, device control in a kitchen may differ from control in a bedroom or hallway, taking into account the likelihood of quick returns or extended absences typical for each space type.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the individual is in the first space and prior to determining that the individual has left the first space, the method further comprises identifying a type of activity performed by the individual in the first space, wherein the step of controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the first space before leaving the first space.

[0023] By considering the user's previous activity in the first space, the proposed approach is able to make more informed decisions about device control. In particular, it has been recognized that the type of activity performed in the first space (prior to it being vacated) will indicate or imply a likelihood that the individual will return to the first space. As such, a more nuanced and context-aware approach to device control is achievable, e.g., by avoiding or reducing a risk of any unnecessary device activations / deactivations.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling whether the one or more devices are activated or deactivated. This approach allows for any device in the first room to be switched on or off responsive to the type of activity in the second room, facilitating the deactivation of some devices for saving power and / or automated activation of devices that might otherwise disrupt a user’s experience in the first space (if activated in the first space).

[0025] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling the one or more devices to be deactivated only when the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space is one of a first set of one or more predetermined activities. This selective deactivation based on specific activities helps prevent unnecessary device shutdowns, improving user comfort and system efficiency. It allows for fine-tuned control that balances energy conservation with user needs and preferences.2024PF80473

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[0027] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling the one or more devices to be activated or remain activated only when the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space is one of a second set of one or more predetermined activities, wherein the second set is different to the first set. This approach provides a nuanced control strategy that can maintain device activation when appropriate, enhancing user convenience.

[0028] In some embodiments, the controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is performed by controlling one or more electrical signals provided to the one or more devices in the first space. Direct control of electrical signals enables precise and directed management of devices. This method can lead to faster response times and more granular control over device operation.

[0029] In some embodiments, the controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to an elapsed time since determining that the individual has left the first space. Incorporating a time factor into the control decision adds another layer of intelligence. This can help prevent premature device deactivation and improve the ability to anticipate user behavior patterns.

[0030] In some embodiments, the controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to a type of the first space. Considering the type of space in the control decision allows for more context-aware and appropriate device management. This can lead to improved energy efficiency and better alignment with typical usage patterns in different types of spaces.

[0031] In some embodiments, the controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to a type of the second space. Taking into account the type of the second space enables more accurate predictions of user behavior and intentions. In particular, a type of the second space will be indicative of the likelihood or probability of the individual returning to the first space within a relatively short period of time. This can result in more intelligent and anticipatory device control, enhancing both energy efficiency and user convenience.

[0032] In some embodiments, the one or more devices comprise one or more lighting devices. The present disclosure recognizes that significant energy savings can be achieved through the controlled activation and deactivation of lights, particularly to deactivate lights when it is unlikely that an individual will return to the first space. The proposed approach thereby allows for smart lighting control that adapts to user movement and activities across2024PF80473

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[0034] different spaces, and in particular to facilitate the deactivation of lights in the first space responsive to the activity of the individual in the second space.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first space and the second space are different rooms of a same building. This application within a single building enables comprehensive and interconnected space management. It allows for a holistic approach to device control that can optimize energy use and user experience throughout the entire building.

[0036] There is also provided a computer program product comprising computer program code means which, when executed on a processing system, cause the processing system to perform all of the steps of the method described above.

[0037] There is provided a processing system for controlling the operation of one or more devices in a first space. The processing system is configured to determine, using one or more occupancy sensors, whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant. Responsive to determining that the individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant, the processing system is configured to identify, using one or more activity sensing arrangements, a type of activity performed by an individual in a second space, different to the first space, and control the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

[0038] The proposed processing system may be modified to perform the function of any herein proposed method, and vice versa.

[0039] In accordance with a further proposed approach, there is provided a control system comprising the processing system described above, the one or more occupancy sensors, the one or more activity sensing arrangements, and the one or more devices.

[0040] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment s) described hereinafter.

[0041] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0043] Fig. 1 illustrates an environment in which embodiments may be employed; Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a proposed method;

[0044] Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating another proposed method; and Fig. 4 illustrates a proposed processing system.2024PF80473

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[0046] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0047] The invention will be described with reference to the Figures.

[0048] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the Figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

[0049] The invention provides a mechanism for controlling the operation of devices in a first space. When the first space becomes vacated by an individual, an activity of the individual in a second, separate space is determined and used to control the operation of the devices in the first space.

[0050] The present disclosure provides a mechanism for determining how to control an (electronic) device in a space when it becomes vacant. This may, for instance, be used to control a light to turn off when the space becomes vacant or to activate another form of electronic device (e.g., automatic vacuum cleaner) when the space becomes vacant.

[0051] It is proposed to produce information representing a likelihood that an individual will return to the vacant space within a (relatively short) period of time. The control of the device(s) is made responsive to this information. For instance, if the information indicates that the user is likely to return within the period of time, then a light shouldn’t be turned off.

[0052] It has been herein recognized that the likelihood of an individual returning to a vacant space is at least partially dependent upon a type of the vacant space and / or the user’s activity before leaving the vacant space, and / or the type of the new space which the user enters after leaving the vacant space and / or the user’s activity in the new space.

[0053] In particular, it has been recognized that the type of activity performed by the individual in a new space influences the likelihood of the individual returning to the vacated space.

[0054] As used herein, the term "type of activity" refers to a category or classification of actions, behaviors, or tasks performed by an individual within a space. This may include,2024PF80473

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[0056] but is not limited to, physical movements, interactions with objects or devices, or engagement in specific routines or processes. The type of activity may be determined or inferred through various sensing methods, such as motion detection, tracking of position, posture recognition, image analysis, audio recognition, or monitoring of device usage. Examples of types of activities may include, but are not limited to: sleeping, cooking, watching television, exercising, reading, working at a computer, performing personal care tasks, eating, cleaning, socializing, engaging in hobbies, studying, meditating, doing laundry, gardening, and playing games.

[0057] As used herein, the term “type of space” (e.g., “type of first space” or “type of second space”) refers to a category or classification of the space, e.g., room, that defines its intended purpose for habitation, socializing, hobby work, exercise or working. Examples of types of spaces include: kitchens; bathrooms / washrooms; transitional rooms (e.g., halls, hallways or corridors); living rooms; office spaces; dining rooms; bedrooms; games rooms; playrooms; gym rooms; garages; pantries; laundry / utility rooms; storage rooms (e.g., attics, cellars or basements); closets; and so on.

[0058] Figure 1 illustrates a top-down view of an environment 100 in which proposed embodiments may be employed.

[0059] The environment 100 comprises a plurality of different, distinct spaces 101, 102, 103. By way of example, each space may represent or be a different room of a same building.

[0060] A first space 101 may comprise one or more devices 111, 112, 113. Each device may be an electronically controllable device, such as a light, a cleaning system, an air conditioning system, a fan, motorized window blinds / curtains, speakers, security systems and so on. A wide variety of other examples of controllable devices are known in the art.

[0061] The operation of the one or more devices may be controllable by a processing system 190. In particular, the processing system may be configured to control and / or provide one or more electrical signals provided to the one or more devices in the first space to thereby control the operation of the one or more devices.

[0062] Thus, the environment may comprise a processing system, examples of which are described in more detail below.

[0063] The processing system 190 effectively serves as the central control unit for managing the operation of one or more devices 111, 112, 113 within the first space 101. This system is capable of processing data from various sensors to execute one or more control algorithms to determine appropriate actions for the devices. The processing system may be2024PF80473

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[0065] implemented as a dedicated hardware unit, a general-purpose computer, or a distributed system of interconnected processors.

[0066] The environment 100 also comprises one or more occupancy sensors 121 configured to determine or detect whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant. Various examples of occupancy sensors are known, including PIR sensors (to detect presence or absence of individual in the space); a camera and image processing system (which processes images captured by the camera to predict whether or not the first space is vacant); and / or an entry and exit monitoring system (which monitors entry and exit points of the space to track when individuals enter or leave).

[0067] Of course, the environment may further comprise one or more further occupancy sensors 122, 123 for monitoring the presence or absence of an individual in each other space 102, 103 of the environment. These may be embodied as previously exemplified.

[0068] The present disclosure proposes to control the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to determining that the individual has left or vacated the first space (thereby leaving the first space vacant). In particular, it is proposed to control the operation of the one or more devices responsive to a type of activity performed by the individual in a second space, different to the first space.

[0069] This approach allows for more intelligent and context-aware device control compared to simply turning devices on or off based solely on occupancy of the space containing those devices. By considering the type of activity an individual engages in after leaving one space and entering another, the system can make more informed decisions about how to manage devices in the vacated space.

[0070] In other words, the proposed approach allows for flexible and customized device control strategies that are able to adapt to an individual's movement patterns and activities throughout an environment with multiple distinct spaces. By considering contextual information beyond simple occupancy, the system is able to provide more useful and energyefficient device management.

[0071] To facilitate this control, the environment may further comprise one or more activity sensing arrangements 131 configured to determine or sense a type of activity performed by the individual in at least the second space.

[0072] The precise configuration of the activity sensing arrangement may be specific to a particular use-case scenario. For instance, where the second space is a bathroom, then the activity sensing arrangement may comprise a shower activation sensor configured to predict2024PF80473

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[0074] whether or not the shower is active (and therefore whether or not the individual is performing a showering activity).

[0075] Of course, the environment may further comprise one or more further activity sensing arrangements 132, 132 for determining the type of activity (if any) performed by the individual in a respective space.

[0076] Of course, it will be appreciated that each space 101, 102, 103 in the environment may variously act or function as the first space or the second space. In particular, as the individual vacates one space and enters another space, the vacated space may function as the first space and the newly entered space may function as the second space.

[0077] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a computer-implemented method 200 for controlling the operation of one or more devices in a first space. The computer-implemented method 200 may be performed by the processing system 150 (Figure 1).

[0078] The computer-implemented method 200 comprises determining 210, using one or more occupancy sensors, whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant. In other words, step 210 comprises monitoring the occupancy status of the first space to identify when the individual has left the first space empty / vacant.

[0079] In this context, the term vacant is used to refer to a zero human (and optionally animal) occupancy of the corresponding space. In other words, a space is considered vacant when it is predicted to be devoid of at least a human presence that could potentially trigger the occupancy sensors or require the use of devices within that space.

[0080] The precise mechanism used in step 210 is, of course, dependent upon the type of occupancy sensor(s).

[0081] In a first scenario, the one or more occupancy sensors comprises a PIR sensor. PIR sensors detect changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects in their field of view. When an individual moves within the space, the PIR sensor detects the change in infrared radiation and indicates occupancy. Conversely, when no movement is detected for a predetermined period, the sensor may indicate that the space is vacant.

[0082] In a second scenario, the one or more occupancy sensors comprises an ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves and measure the time it takes for the waves to bounce back. Changes in these reflections can indicate the presence or movement of individuals within the space. When no changes are detected for a set duration, the sensor may determine that the space is vacant.2024PF80473

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[0084] In a third scenario, the one or more occupancy sensors comprises a videobased occupancy detection system. These systems use one or more cameras and image processing algorithms to analyze the visual content of the space. The algorithms are able to predict or determine the presence / absence of individuals, and thereby identify when the space is vacated. When no individuals are detected in the captured images for a specified time, the system may conclude that the space is vacant.

[0085] A wide variety of other suitable examples of occupancy sensors and their mechanisms for detecting when a space has become vacant are well known in the art.

[0086] The method 200 may hang or pause at step 210 until it is determined that an individual has left the first space. During this pause, the system continues to monitor the occupancy status of the first space.

[0087] The method 200 also comprises, responsive to determining that the individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant, performing steps 220 and 230. This avoids any unnecessary processing of subsequent steps when the first space remains occupied.

[0088] Step 220 comprises identifying, using one or more activity sensing arrangements, a type of activity performed by an individual in a second space after the individual entering into the second space. The second space is different to the first space, i.e., spatially separate to the first space. The activity sensing arrangements may comprise a combination of one or more sensors and data processing algorithms to detect and classify different types of activities.

[0089] One example of an activity sensing arrangement may comprise a video camera system coupled with image processing software. The video camera may be installed in the second space to capture real-time video footage of the area. The image processing software may analyze the video stream to identify and classify different types of activities performed by individuals in the space.

[0090] The image processing software may use one or more computer vision techniques such as object detection, motion tracking, and pose estimation to extract relevant information from the video feed. Machine learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, may be employed to recognize and classify specific activities based on the visual data.

[0091] For instance, the system may be able to distinguish between activities like sitting at a desk, walking around the room, or performing exercises. The software may analyze factors such as body posture, movement patterns, and interaction with objects in the2024PF80473

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[0093] environment to determine the type of activity being performed. Example approaches are described by Franco, Annalisa, Antonio Magnani, and Dario Maio. "A multimodal approach for human activity recognition based on skeleton and RGB data." Pattern Recognition Letters 131 (2020): 293-299.

[0094] In some cases, the activity sensing arrangement may also incorporate depth sensing capabilities, such as those provided by RGB-D cameras, to improve its ability to interpret three-dimensional movements and interactions within the space. This additional depth information may improve the accuracy of activity recognition. Example techniques for employing such a technique to determine or predict an activity of an individual is described by Zhang, Chenyang, and Yingli Tian. "RGB-D camera-based daily living activity recognition." Journal of computer vision and image processing 2.4 (2012): 12; and Zhang, Jing, et al. "RGB-D-based action recognition datasets: A survey." Pattern Recognition 60 (2016): 86-105.

[0095] The activity sensing arrangement may process the video data, allowing for immediate detection and classification of activities as they occur in the second space. This information can then be used in step subsequent step 230 to make informed decisions about controlling devices in the first space based on the identified activity in the second space, as later described.

[0096] Another example of an activity sensing arrangement is a motion sensor system. Such a system may use passive infrared (PIR) sensors (or other similar motion sensing sensors) to detect movement patterns within the second space. Different activities may be associated with distinct movement patterns. For instance, rapid and frequent movements may indicate an individual is engaged in an active task, while slower, more sporadic movements might suggest a more sedentary activity.

[0097] Some activity sensing arrangements may comprise one or more audio sensors. Such sensors are able detect and analyze sound patterns within the second space. For example, the sound of running water may indicate the individual is using a sink or shower (i.e., performing a washing activity), while the sound of a television or music may suggest the individual is engaged in leisure activities.

[0098] In some examples, the activity sensing arrangement(s) may be at least partially integrated into one or more smart appliances. By monitoring the status and usage of any smart appliances in the second space, it is possible to infer some types of activity being performed in the second space. For instance, if a stove or oven is activated in the second space, the system may determine that cooking activities are taking place.2024PF80473

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[0100] Some activity sensing arrangements may comprise one or more pressure sensors (e.g., embedded in furniture or flooring) that produce activity data indicative of a type of activity performed by the individual. These sensors can detect whether an individual is sitting, standing, or lying down, helping to classify a type of activity performed in the second space (e.g., sleeping, working at a desk, or exercising).

[0101] In some examples, the activity sensing arrangement(s) comprises one or more wearable devices worn by the individual can also contribute to activity sensing. These devices may include accelerometers and heart rate monitors that can provide data about the individual's physical state and level of activity, which is processable to predict or determine a type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

[0102] Examples of activity types that can be detected using the above described example components for activity sensing arrangements include sleeping, cooking, watching television, exercising, bathing / showing and so on.

[0103] For instance, an activity type of “sleeping” may be detectable by a motion sensor indicating minimal movement, a pressure sensor indicating presence on a bed, and / or a wearable device showing reduced heart rate. As another example, an activity type of “cooking” may be detectable through the activation of kitchen appliances, movement patterns consistent with food preparation, and / or audio cues of cooking activities. As yet another example, an activity type of “watching television” may be detectable through one or more audio sensors picking up TV sounds, pressure sensors indicating the individual is seated and / or a smart television indicating that it has been activated. As yet another example, an activity type of “exercising” is identifiable through rapid and sustained movement patterns, elevated heart rate data from wearable devices, and / or audio cues consistent with exercise activities. As yet another example, an activity type of “bathing / showering” is detectable through audio sensors picking up water sounds, steam sensors, or smart water meter data indicating water usage.

[0104] The above examples are merely exemplary to demonstrate example activity sensing arrangements and approaches for processing data produced by such example activity sensing arrangements to determine or predict a type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

[0105] Step 230 comprises controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to (at least) the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space. In particular, it is recognized that different types of activity are2024PF80473

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[0107] associated with different likelihoods or probabilities that the individual will return to the first space within a short period of time.

[0108] The operation of devices in the first space is thereby controlled based on the identified activity in the second space. This control may involve determining whether to activate, deactivate, or maintain the current state of devices in the first space depending on the nature of the activity detected in the second space.

[0109] More generally, step 230 comprises processing input data to determine a control strategy for the device(s) in the first space. Step 230 then executes the control strategy to control the device(s) in the first space. The input data includes at least the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space (determined in step 220).

[0110] Other optional components of the input data are later described, including: an activity in the first space; a type of the first space; a type of the second space; a time elapsed since the first space was most recently vacated; and / or one or more (previous) user interactions with the one or more devices in the first space.

[0111] Approaches for processing input data to determine a control strategy will be well known to the skilled person.

[0112] As one example, step 230 may comprise processing the input data using a set of if-then or if / then rules. In particular, each if-then rule may define a portion of a control strategy for different values of the input data.

[0113] As another example, a lookup table may be used to facilitate the control of the device(s) in the first space based on the input data (which includes at least the identified activity in the second space). The lookup table may associate different values of the input data (e.g., different types of activities) with corresponding device control actions.

[0114] As a simple example, where the input data comprises only the activity type in the second space, the lookup table may define entries that map various activity types to specific control actions for devices in the first space. The system may consult this table after identifying the type of activity in the second space to determine the appropriate control action for devices in the first space.

[0115] When step 220 identifies an activity type in the second space, step 230 may comprise looking up the corresponding control action in the table and applying it to the devices in the first space.

[0116] An exemplary lookup table may be structured as follows:2024PF80473

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[0118]

[0119] TABLE 1

[0120] The lookup table may be customizable and updateable based on user preferences, historical data, or machine learning algorithms that analyze patterns of behavior over time. This approach may allow for efficient and flexible device control that adapts to different scenarios and user habits.

[0121] As another example, step 230 may comprise processing the input data using an appropriately trained machine-learning algorithm to define the control strategy for each device(s) of the first space. Approaches for training and deploying a suitable machinelearning algorithm would be readily apparent to the skilled person.

[0122] In some examples, step 230 may comprise controlling (at least) whether each device in the first space is activated or deactivated, i.e., controlling an activation state of each device (e.g., to an ON-state or an OFF-state), responsive to the identified type of activity in the second space. As a simple example, if the identified activity in the second space is associated with a low likelihood of the individual returning to the first space soon, the devices in the first space may be deactivated to conserve energy.

[0123] Step 230 may, for instance, comprise setting the activation state of one or more devices in the first space to a first activation state only when the identified activity in the second space is one of a first set of predetermined activities and may comprise setting the activation state to a second activation state when not one of the first set of predetermined activities.

[0124] In this context, an activation state may indicate whether the device is in an ON-state or an OFF-state. Of course, an activation state could be more nuanced than simply ON or OFF. For example, devices could enter a "quiet mode" or "eco mode" that performs tasks more slowly or with reduced power to minimize disturbance or energy consumption.2024PF80473

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[0126] Other forms of activation state for a given device may be device specific. For instance, a security system may have a “heightened security” state and a “standard security” state.

[0127] The nature of the first and second activation states may be device specific. For instance, if the device is a light or other device for human comfort / interaction (e.g., television, air conditions, fan and so on), then the first activation state may be an OFF-state and the second activation state may be an ON-state. This approach effectively deactivates the device(s) in the first space to conserve energy.

[0128] As another example, if the device is a device for performing an activity that may inconvenience or disrupt a user's experience in the first space (e.g., an automated vacuum cleaner, a dishwasher, or a washing machine), then the first activation state may be an ON state and the second activation state may be an OFF-state. This approach may activate the device(s) in the first space when the individual is likely to be away for an extended period, allowing tasks to be completed without disturbing the user.

[0129] Consider a scenario where a user loads the dishwasher in the kitchen (first space) and sets it to run, but does not immediately start the cycle. This user action may be detected through sensors or direct input from a smart appliance interface. When the user leaves the kitchen, the system enters a waiting state, monitoring the user's activities in other spaces before deciding when to activate the dishwasher. If the system detects that the user has entered the living room (second space) and begun watching a movie, which may be identified as a long-term activity, it may then decide to activate the dishwasher.

[0130] In this case, step 230 may send a signal to activate the dishwasher in the kitchen (first space) based on the detected long-term activity (watching a movie) in the living room (second space). This approach allows the system to intelligently manage device operations across different spaces, taking into account both user intentions (setting the dishwasher to run) and current activities (engaging in a long-term activity in another space).

[0131] As yet another example, if the device is a security system or monitoring device, the first activation state may be a heightened security mode and the second activation state may be a standard security mode. This approach may increase security measures in the first space when the identified activity in the second space suggests the individual will be absent for an extended period.

[0132] As yet another, if the device is an environmental control system such as a thermostat or humidity controller, the first activation state may be an energy-saving mode and the second activation state may be a comfort mode. This approach may adjust2024PF80473

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[0134] environmental settings in the first space based on the likelihood of the individual's return, balancing energy efficiency with user comfort.

[0135] The first set of predetermined activities may include activities that typically indicate a longer duration of absence from the first space, such as sleeping, taking a shower, or beginning a meal in the second space.

[0136] As previously explained, the control of the device(s) in the first space may be implemented by controlling electrical signals provided to the device(s). This may involve adjusting the power supply to the devices, sending control signals to switch the devices on or off, or modifying operational parameters of the devices through electrical signaling.

[0137] The above examples are merely demonstrative and non-exhaustive examples of how the operation of different devices in a first space may be controlled responsive to a type of activity performed in a second, separate space. The skilled person would readily understand a wide variety of other approaches.

[0138] A number of example scenarios and their outcomes following the execution of method 200 are hereafter described. For the purpose of these example scenarios, it is assumed that the one or more devices in the first space is a light that is activated (i.e., emitting light) whilst the individual is in the first space.

[0139] In one scenario, the second space is a bedroom and the individual goes to bed after entering the bedroom. The activity of the individual in the second space is thereby determined to be “sleeping”. This indicates a high probability that the individual will stay in the bedroom for a long time. It is then determined to turn off the light in the vacant first space.

[0140] In another scenario, the second space is a bedroom and the individual keeps moving / walking in the bedroom, which is detected by the activity sensing arrangement(s). This implies that the individual is here to fetch something and will leave the bedroom soon. Accordingly, it is determined to keep the light on in the vacant first space and continue monitoring the individual’s location and / or activity. For example, if the individual stays in the bedroom but the individual’s activity changes and implies the individual will stay in the bedroom for a long while, e.g., the individual sits at desk and starts reading a book, then it is determined to turn off the light in the vacant first space.

[0141] In another scenario, the second space is a washroom and the individual starts taking a bath / shower, which is detected by the activity sensing arrangement. In this case, there is a high probability that the individual will stay in the washroom for a relatively long period of time. It is therefore determined to turn off the light in the vacant first space.2024PF80473

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[0143] In another scenario, the second space is a washroom, but the individual stays in front of the basin (e.g., the individual is washing hands / face or brushing teeth), which is detected by the activity sensing arrangement. In this case, there is a high probability that the individual will leave the washroom soon. It is then determined to keep the light on in the vacant first space.

[0144] Preferably, in step 230 the controlling of the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity in the second space is independent of the control of any device in the second space. In other words, the device(s) in the first space are controlled independently of the device(s) in the second space. This provides space-specific control and management of devices, allowing for more tailored and efficient operation based on the specific context of each space. This approach may enhance overall energy efficiency and user comfort by optimizing device usage in each individual space according to the occupant's activities and movements between spaces.

[0145] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating another proposed computer-implemented method 300, that includes the steps of method 200 (previously disclosed).

[0146] The method 300 further comprises, when the individual is in the first space and prior to determining that the individual has left the first space, identifying 310 a type of activity performed by the individual in the first space.

[0147] Step 310 may be performed using one or more (further) activity sensing arrangements to determine a type of activity performed by an individual in the first space. Examples of suitable activity sensing arrangements have been previously described, and may be readily adapted for use for this purpose.

[0148] In method 300, step 230 of controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the first space before leaving the first space.

[0149] This expanded control approach takes into account not only the current activity in the second space but also the previous activity in the first space, providing a more comprehensive context for decision-making. By considering the individual's activity before leaving the first space, the system can make more nuanced and accurate predictions about the likelihood of their return.

[0150] For example, consider a scenario in which the first space is a kitchen and the individual was in the middle of cooking before leaving, this information would be factored into the control decision. Even if the individual enters a bedroom (the second space), step 230 may comprise determining to keep the kitchen devices active if it determines the cooking2024PF80473

[0151] 18

[0152] activity was not completed or is ongoing. This approach allows for more intelligent energy management while maintaining user convenience.

[0153] As another example, consider a scenario in which the first space is a home office and the individual was performing a computer-based activity before leaving, step 230 may consider this information when making control decisions. Even if the individual enters the kitchen (here: functioning as the second space), step 230 may keep certain devices in the home office (first space) active, such as the computer or task lighting. This approach may account for the possibility that the individual is taking a short break and intends to return to the video conference. Step 230 may maintain this state for a predetermined period or until it detects an activity in the second space that suggest a longer absence, such as beginning to prepare a meal.

[0154] A wide variety of other examples will be readily apparent to the skilled person.

[0155] In some variants of method 200 (Figure 2) and method 300 (Figure 3), step 230 is further responsive to an elapsed time since determining that the individual has left the first space. This additional consideration of elapsed time allows for more nuanced control of any devices in the first space, taking into account (at least) both the activity in the second space and the duration of absence from the first space.

[0156] By incorporating elapsed time into the decision-making process, step 230 is able to adjust its control strategy based on how long the first space has been vacant. This approach can help balance energy efficiency with user convenience and comfort. For example, if only a short time has elapsed since the individual left the first space, the system might maintain the current state of devices, anticipating a quick return. However, as more time passes, the system may become more inclined to deactivate or adjust devices to conserve energy.

[0157] In some implementations, step 230 may employ a time threshold-based approach to further refine the control of devices in the first space. This approach may involve defining one or more time thresholds that influence the decision-making process for device control.

[0158] For example, the system may define a short-term threshold and a long-term threshold. The short-term threshold may represent a period during which the system assumes a high likelihood of the individual's return to the first space, while the long-term threshold may indicate a point at which the system considers the absence to be extended.2024PF80473

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[0160] Using these thresholds, step 230 may implement a tiered control strategy as follows. During the period before the short-term threshold is reached, step 230 may maintain most or all devices in the first space in their current state, anticipating a quick return of the individual.

[0161] Between the short-term and long-term thresholds, the system may begin to adjust some devices responsive to the type of activity in the second space. For instance, if the individual is detected performing a brief activity in the second space, such as retrieving an item from a closet, the system may maintain the devices in the first space in their current state during this short-term period. However, if the activity in the second space changes to something more time-consuming, like starting a workout routine, the system may begin to adjust some devices in the first space to conserve energy.

[0162] After the long-term threshold is exceeded, the system may implement more aggressive energy-saving measures, such as turning off most devices or setting them to their lowest power states.

[0163] The specific time values for these thresholds may be customizable based on factors such as the type of space, historical usage patterns, or user preferences. For instance, a home office might have longer thresholds compared to a hallway or bathroom.

[0164] This time thresholds may be at least partially dependent upon the detected type of activity in the second space. For example, if the detected activity in the second space suggests a quick return (like briefly entering a bedroom), step 230 may extend the short-term threshold. Conversely, if the activity suggests a longer absence (like starting to cook a meal), the system may shorten the threshold(s) and move to more aggressive energy-saving measures more quickly.

[0165] In some variants of method 200 (Figure 2) and method 300 (Figure 3), step 230 is further responsive to a type of the first space. Different types of spaces may have distinct characteristics, usage patterns, and importance levels that influence how devices should be managed when the space becomes vacant.

[0166] For example, if the first space is a kitchen, the control strategy might be more conservative in deactivating devices. This is because kitchen activities often involve intermittent use, with individuals frequently leaving and returning. In this case, step 230 might maintain device activation for a longer period or use more lenient thresholds for deactivation.

[0167] Conversely, if the first space is a hallway or transitional area, the control strategy might be more aggressive in deactivating devices. These spaces typically don't2024PF80473

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[0169] require prolonged device activation after becoming vacant, so step 230 might implement faster deactivation times or lower power states for devices in such areas.

[0170] For spaces like home offices or living rooms, which are often used for extended periods and may contain devices that take time to restart (e.g., computers or entertainment systems), step 230 might employ a more gradual approach to device control. This could involve maintaining full activation for a longer initial period, followed by a staged reduction in device operation over time.

[0171] By incorporating the type of first space into the decision-making process, step 230 is able to improve or compromise the balance between energy efficiency and user convenience. This approach allows the system to adapt its control strategies based on the specific characteristics and typical usage patterns of different spaces within the environment, resulting in more intelligent and user-friendly device management.

[0172] In some cases, the type of space may be manually configured during system setup or installation. Users or installers may input information about different rooms or areas, categorizing them as kitchens, bedrooms, hallways, or other space types.

[0173] In other implementations, it is possible to infer the type of space based on the devices and sensors present. For example, the presence of appliances like ovens or refrigerators may indicate a kitchen, while the detection of a bed or dresser may suggest a bedroom. This inference may be made using data from connected smart devices, loT sensors, or through analysis of power consumption patterns characteristic to certain types of spaces.

[0174] In yet other approaches, the proposed method may employ machine learning algorithms to classify spaces based on usage patterns over time. By analyzing factors such as occupancy durations, frequency of entries and exits, and types of activities performed, the system may learn to distinguish between different space types. For instance, a space with frequent short-duration occupancies might be classified as a hallway or transitional area.

[0175] In some variants of method 200 (Figure 2) and method 300 (Figure 3), step 230 is further responsive to a type of the second space. This consideration of the second space type allows for more nuanced and context-aware control decisions. Different types of second spaces may have distinct characteristics and typical usage patterns that influence the likelihood of an individual's return to the first space.

[0176] For example, if the second space is identified as a bathroom, the system might anticipate a relatively short absence from the first space, as bathroom visits are typically brief. In this case, step 230 might maintain the current state of devices in the first space for a longer period before initiating any changes.2024PF80473

[0177] 21

[0178] Conversely, if the second space is identified as a bedroom, the system might anticipate a potentially longer absence, especially during nighttime hours. Step 230 might then be more inclined to adjust device settings in the first space to conserve energy, such as dimming or turning off lights or adjusting temperature controls.

[0179] For transitional spaces like hallways or staircases, the system might anticipate very brief occupancy and a high likelihood of quick return to the first space. In such cases, step 230 might maintain full device activation in the first space, anticipating imminent return.

[0180] The type of the second space can be determined through various means, such as pre-configured room designations, inference based on the types of devices and sensors present in the space, or through machine learning algorithms that analyze usage patterns over time. Approaches have been described in the context of defining a type of the first space, and can be readily adapted for use here.

[0181] In some variants of method 200 (Figure 2) and method 300 (Figure 3), step 230 is further responsive to a user interaction with the device(s) in the first space prior to the first space being vacated. This approach takes into account the user's recent interactions with devices in the first space before leaving, providing additional context for making control decisions.

[0182] In some example, the device(s) in the first space may communicate information to the processing system to aid in the performance of step 230. This communication may occur through various means, such as wired or wireless networks, and may utilize protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, or other loT communication standards.

[0183] The device(s) may transmit data about their current state, recent usage patterns, and user interactions. For example, a smart television may report its current power state, the duration of its last active session, and the time elapsed since the last user interaction. Similarly, a smart thermostat may provide information about recent temperature adjustments, scheduled programs, and current energy consumption.

[0184] In some cases, devices may be equipped with their own sensors that can provide valuable contextual information. For instance, a smart refrigerator may have door sensors that can report how recently the door was opened, potentially indicating food preparation activities. This information may be used by the processing system to infer the likelihood of a user's quick return to the kitchen.

[0185] Some devices may also be capable of detecting and reporting specific user interactions. For example, a smart oven may report that it has been preheated but cooking has2024PF80473

[0186] 22

[0187] not yet started, suggesting an interrupted cooking activity. This information may influence the processing system's decision to maintain power to certain kitchen devices for a longer period.

[0188] The processing system may also query devices for specific information as needed during the execution of step 230. For instance, the processing system may be configured to only query devices for information responsive to step 210 determining that the individual has vacated the first space. This dynamic interaction allows the system to gather relevant data on-demand, potentially reducing unnecessary data transmission and processing.

[0189] By incorporating this device-provided information, the processing system may make more informed decisions in step 230, leading to improved energy efficiency and user experience. The system may adapt its control strategies based on the specific capabilities and recent usage of devices in the first space, as well as their relationship to detected activities in the second space.

[0190] For example, if a user has recently loaded a dishwasher in the kitchen (first space) but not started the cycle, this information may be considered when determining how to control the dishwasher after the user leaves the kitchen. Similarly, if a user has recently adjusted the thermostat settings in a living room (first space), this interaction may influence how the heating or cooling system is controlled after the space is vacated.

[0191] In some cases, the system may consider specific types of user interactions as indicators of the user's intentions or likely return. For instance, if a user loads a washing machine in a laundry room (first space) but does not start the cycle before leaving, the system may interpret this as an indication that the user intends to return soon to start the wash. In this scenario, step 230 may maintain power to the washing machine for a longer period or adjust its control strategy accordingly.

[0192] Similarly, if a user sets a slow cooker in the kitchen (first space) before leaving, this interaction may suggest a longer-term absence from the space. Step 230 may then adjust its control strategy for other devices in the kitchen, potentially implementing more aggressive energy-saving measures for appliances not related to the cooking process.

[0193] Consider another scenario in which the first space is kitchen that comprises (as a controllable device) a dishwasher. In this scenario, the method 200, 300 may monitor user interactions such as loading dishes, adding detergent, or closing the dishwasher door. If these actions are detected but the cycle is not started before the user leaves the kitchen, step 230 may implement a specialized control strategy. For example, step 230 may initiate the wash cycle responsive to the detected activity in the second space. For instance, if step 220 detects2024PF80473

[0194] 23

[0195] that the user has begun an activity suggesting sleep (e.g., turning off lights, getting into bed), it may determine that now is an appropriate time to start the dishwasher cycle. This approach may optimize energy usage by running the dishwasher during off-peak hours while ensuring that the task is completed as per the user's implicit intention.

[0196] Other similar examples and scenarios will be readily apparent to the skilled person.

[0197] By incorporating these recent user interactions into the decision-making process, step 230 may provide more nuanced and user-friendly device control. This approach allows the proposed approach to better anticipate user needs and intentions, potentially reducing unnecessary device activations or deactivations and improving overall user satisfaction with the automated control system.

[0198] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a processing system 400 within which one or more parts of an embodiment may be employed. The processing system 400 illustrates one exemplary implementation of the processing system 150 (Figure 1).

[0199] Various operations discussed above may utilize the capabilities of the processing system 400. For example, one or more parts of a mechanism for controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space, may be incorporated in any element, module, application, and / or component discussed herein. In this regard, it is to be understood that system functional blocks can run on a single processing system or may be distributed over several processing systems and locations (e.g., connected via the internet).

[0200] The processing system 400 includes, but is not limited to, PCs, workstations, laptops, PDAs, palm devices, servers, storages, and the like. Generally, in terms of hardware architecture, the processing system 400 may include one or more processors 401, memory 402, and one or more VO devices 407 that are communicatively coupled via a local interface (not shown). The local interface can be, for example but not limited to, one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, as is known in the art. The local interface may have additional elements, such as controllers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, to enable communications. Further, the local interface may include address, control, and / or data connections to enable appropriate communications among the aforementioned components.

[0201] The processor 401 is a hardware device for executing software that can be stored in the memory 402. The processor 401 can be virtually any custom made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with the processing2024PF80473

[0202] 24

[0203] system 400, and the processor 401 may be a semiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip).

[0204] The memory 402 can include any one or combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), etc.) and non-volatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), tape, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), disk, diskette, cartridge, cassette or the like, etc.). Moreover, the memory 402 may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and / or other types of storage media. Note that the memory 402 can have a distributed architecture, where various components are situated remote from one another, but can be accessed by the processor 401.

[0205] The software in the memory 402 may include one or more separate programs, each of which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. The software in the memory 402 includes a suitable operating system (O / S) 405, compiler 404, source code 403, and one or more applications 406 in accordance with exemplary embodiments. As illustrated, the application 406 comprises numerous functional components for implementing the features and operations of the exemplary embodiments. The application 406 of the processing system 400 may represent various applications, computational units, logic, functional units, processes, operations, virtual entities, and / or modules in accordance with exemplary embodiments, but the application 406 is not meant to be a limitation.

[0206] The operating system 405 controls the execution of other computer programs, and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data management, memory management, and communication control and related services. It is contemplated by the inventors that the application 406 for implementing exemplary embodiments may be applicable on all commercially available operating systems.

[0207] Application 406 may be a source program, executable program (object code), script, or any other entity comprising a set of instructions to be performed. When a source program, then the program is usually translated via a compiler (such as the compiler 404), assembler, interpreter, or the like, which may or may not be included within the memory 402, so as to operate properly in connection with the O / S 405. Furthermore, the application 406 can be written as an object oriented programming language, which has classes of data and methods, or a procedure programming language, which has routines, subroutines, and / or2024PF80473

[0208] 25

[0209] functions, for example but not limited to, C, C++, C#, Pascal, BASIC, API calls, HTML, XHTML, XML, ASP scripts, JavaScript, FORTRAN, COBOL, Perl, Java, ADA, NET, and the like.

[0210] The I / O devices 407 may include the user interface, i.e., the input user interface and / or the user output interface. The input user interface may comprise one or more input devices such as, for example but not limited to, a mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, camera, etc. The output user interface may comprise one or more output devices, for example but not limited to a printer, display, etc. Finally, the I / O devices 407 may further include devices that communicate both inputs and outputs, for instance but not limited to, a NIC or modulator / demodulator (for accessing remote devices, other files, devices, systems, or a network), a radio frequency (RF) or other transceiver, a telephonic interface, a bridge, a router, etc. The I / O devices 407 also include components for communicating over various networks, such as the Internet or intranet.

[0211] If the processing system 400 is a PC, workstation, intelligent device or the like, the software in the memory 402 may further include a basic input output system (BIOS) (omitted for simplicity). The BIOS is a set of essential software routines that initialize and test hardware at startup, start the O / S 405, and support the transfer of data among the hardware devices. The BIOS is stored in some type of read-only-memory, such as ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or the like, so that the BIOS can be executed when the processing system 400 is activated.

[0212] When the processing system 400 is in operation, the processor 401 is configured to execute software stored within the memory 402, to communicate data to and from the memory 402, and to generally control operations of the processing system 400 pursuant to the software. The application 406 and the O / S 405 are read, in whole or in part, by the processor 401, perhaps buffered within the processor 401, and then executed.

[0213] When the application 406 is implemented in software it should be noted that the application 406 can be stored on virtually any computer readable medium for use by or in connection with any computer related system or method. In the context of this document, a computer readable medium may be an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that can contain or store a computer program for use by or in connection with a computer related system or method.

[0214] The application 406 can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the2024PF80473

[0215] 26

[0216] instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium.

[0217] Ordinal numbers (e.g., “first”, “second” and so on) have been used purely to distinguish different elements from one another for the sake of clarity, and reference to a non-“firsf ’ (e.g. “second” or “third”) element does not necessitate that a “first” element be present. The skilled person would be capable of relabeling any such elements as appropriate (e.g., relabeling a “second” element as a “first” element if only the second element is present).

[0218] Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0219] Functions implemented by a processor may be implemented by a single processor or by multiple separate processing units which may together be considered to constitute a "processor". Such processing units may in some cases be remote from each other and communicate with each other in a wired or wireless manner.

[0220] The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0221] A computer program may be stored / distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. In particular, there is proposed a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed, cause a processing system to perform any herein proposed method.

[0222] If the term "adapted to" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "adapted to" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to". If the term "arrangement" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "arrangement" is intended to be equivalent to the term "system", and vice versa.2024PF80473

[0223] 27

[0224] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

2024PF8047328CLAIMS:

1. A computer-implemented method (200, 300) for controlling the operation of one or more devices (111, 112, 113) in a first space (101), the computer-implemented method comprising:determining (210), using one or more occupancy sensors (121), whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant;responsive to determining that the individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant:- identifying (220), using one or more activity sensing arrangements (131), a type of activity performed by the individual in a second space (102) after the individual entering into the second space, wherein the second space is different to the first space; and - controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

2. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of claim 1, wherein the controlling of the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity in the second space is independent of the control of any device in the second space.

3. The computer-implemented method (300) of claim 1 or 2, further comprising, when the individual is in the first space and prior to determining that the individual has left the first space, identifying (310) a type of activity performed by the individual in the first space,wherein the step of controlling the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the first space before leaving the first space.

4. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling whether the one or more devices are activated or deactivated.2024PF80473295. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of claim 4, wherein the step of controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling the one or more devices to be deactivated only when the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space is one of a first set of one or more predetermined activities.

6. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices comprises controlling the one or more devices to be activated or remain activated only when the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space is one of a second set of one or more predetermined activities, wherein the second set is different to the first set.

7. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is performed by controlling one or more electrical signals provided to the one or more devices in the first space.

8. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to an elapsed time since determining that the individual has left the first space.

9. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to a type of the first space.

10. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the controlling (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space is further responsive to a type of the second space.

11. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the one or more devices comprise one or more lighting devices.2024PF804733012. The computer-implemented method (200, 300) of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first space and the second space are different rooms of a same building.

13. A computer program product comprising computer program code means which, when executed on a processing system, cause the processing system to perform all of the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A processing system (150, 400) for controlling the operation of one or more devices (111, 112, 113) in a first space (101), wherein the processing system is configured to:determine (210), using one or more occupancy sensors (121), whether or not an individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant;responsive to determining that the individual has left the first space such that the first space is vacant:- identify (220), using one or more activity sensing arrangements (131), a type of activity performed by the individual in a second space (102) after the individual entering into the second space, wherein the second space is different to the first space; and- control (230) the operation of the one or more devices in the first space responsive to the identified type of activity performed by the individual in the second space.

15. A control system comprising:the processing system (150, 400) of claim 14;the one or more occupancy sensors (121);the one or more activity sensing arrangements (131); andthe one or more devices (111, 112, 113).

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