Smart glasses comprising a plurality of biometric sensors

Abstract

The invention relates to improved smart glasses (1) comprising a front part (2) and two temples (3, 4), wherein the following biometric sensors are integrated into the front part (2) and / or the temples (3, 4), or are attached to the front part (2) and / or the temples (3, 4): ● a PPG sensor (25) (photoplethysmography) for monitoring heart rate and pulse rate, ● an EDA sensor (26) (electrodermal activity) for measuring stress states or arousal states, ● a skin temperature sensor (27) for detecting changes in body temperature, ● an SpO₂ sensor (28) (oxygen saturation) for continuously monitoring oxygen saturation, ● ECG electrodes (29) (electrocardiogram) for measuring the electrical activity of the heart, ● a sensor (24) for detecting eye movement, and ● a sweat sensor (31) for sweat analysis, ● wherein a plurality of EEG sensors (30) (electroencephalogram) are provided for monitoring brain activity, wherein at least some of the EEG sensors (30) are arranged on the front part (2).

Description

[0001] Smart glasses with multiple biometric sensors

[0002] The invention relates to a data glasses with the features of claim 1.

[0003] Smartwatches are currently used to collect biometric data. However, it must be noted that despite technological advances, smartwatches often do not provide accurate data, particularly in the areas of heart rate measurement, calorie consumption analysis, and sleep monitoring.

[0004] The sensors used in smartwatches often only function accurately under ideal conditions. For example, heart rate measurements often depend on correct placement on the wrist, optimal skin condition, and a certain level of activity. Deviations in these factors can significantly distort the measurement results.

[0005] During physical activity, especially high-intensity or abrupt movements, smartwatches are prone to inaccurate readings. Sweating and temperature fluctuations also affect accuracy.

[0006] Many optical sensors that work with light have difficulties with dark skin, tattoos, or in poor lighting conditions.

[0007] These shortcomings mean that the results provided by smartwatches must, in many cases, be considered more as estimates than as precise measurements.

[0008] Furthermore, data glasses are known in the state of the art.

[0009] German patent DE 102014222355 A1 discloses smart glasses with integrated sensors for recording the wearer's physical characteristics, particularly those of a vehicle driver. The glasses can measure vital data such as pulse, skin conductance, and eye movements to monitor the driver's condition, especially for detecting fatigue. The measured data is transmitted to the vehicle, which can then take action, such as issuing warnings, to enhance safety. These smart glasses are intended to improve driver condition monitoring and thus increase road safety. During operation, the smart glasses measure both the driver's skin conductance and pulse using a primary sensor. Two cameras detect the wearer's eyelid closure. This data is transmitted to the vehicle via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. If the system detects that the driver is becoming drowsy, the air conditioning system automatically increases the supply of fresh air.

[0010] German patent DE 102019218302 A1 describes a method for detecting virtual reality sickness (VR sickness) in individuals immersed in virtual reality (VR). The method monitors the user's electrodermal activity (EDA) and body temperature while they experience VR. Changes in these physiological parameters are recorded and analyzed using artificial intelligence to detect the presence of VR sickness. Additionally, the method can utilize historical EDA and body temperature data to identify individual predispositions for developing VR sickness. An index for VR sickness can be created, and its development over time can be monitored. Automated or semi-automated user identification and the assignment of their historical data are also provided.The method also makes it possible to assess the level of stimulation generated by VR and, if necessary, to provide adjustments or recommendations for controlling the VR display in order to reduce the risk of VR sickness. A kit for implementing this method consists of a VR display device, sensors, and a processing unit supported by an AI module. The features described in the patent specification relate to a wearable device in the form of glasses that integrates various sensors and technologies for monitoring vital parameters and behavior.

[0011] German patent DE 102019204201 A1 describes a method and a device for adapting the driving strategy in at least partially automated vehicles to improve the sleeping comfort of the occupants. In such vehicles, it is possible for occupants to sleep or relax during the journey, particularly on long overnight trips. The core of the invention lies in adapting the driving strategy based on the current occupant and sleep state, which is detected by sensors. The method includes the use of sensors to monitor the occupant's sleep state. These sensors can measure various vital functions such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and brain activity to determine the occupant's current sleep phase. Based on this information, the vehicle's driving strategy is adapted to increase occupant comfort.For example, the ride can be made particularly smooth during light sleep, while during deep sleep, the driving maneuvers can be more dynamic to make transport more efficient. Smart glasses are equipped with skin-contact sensors (EEG sensors) that record sleep data such as brain activity. Additional sensors may be present on a wristband to record movement, breathing rate, heart rate, or body temperature.

[0012] From EP 2203114 B1, a new measuring device for bioelectrical impedance measurement is known, which differs from previous methods in its ability to perform local impedance measurement. Due to the small size of the sensor of the measuring device, it can also be integrated into any accessory, such as glasses, a wristwatch, a piece of jewelry or the like, or into a garment (so-called "smart clothes").

[0013] German patent DE 10 2022 201 319 A1 discloses a pair of smart glasses. The smart glasses consist of a frame with transparent lenses that function as display surfaces. These surfaces display virtual information objects, such as text or symbols, via a display unit controlled by a control device. The display surfaces are transparent, allowing the user's real field of vision to be augmented with digital information. This overlay enables augmented reality. Contact electrodes on the glasses detect EEG signals, which are evaluated by a control unit. This determines the eye position in order to selectively display field-of-view-dependent information. The contact electrodes are either located directly on the frame, e.g., on the nose pads or temples, e.g., in the ear area, or positioned away from the frame or temples using support devices, such as a temple temple.The contact electrodes are in signal communication with the control unit. The EEG signals are processed, segmented into time blocks, and analyzed by a data-driven eye movement model based on neural networks. This model calculates eye position and recognizes eye gestures. In addition to eye position, eye gestures such as blinking or eye rolling can be detected. The model is pre-trained with general data and can be individually adapted to the user, thus reducing training time. The glasses can display information on the screen depending on the user's field of vision and link this information to real-world objects. Eye gestures can also be used as input for the controls. A disadvantage of this technology is that, in addition to the actual smart glasses, a separate network interface is required to provide different communication options.

[0014] The sports management system described in the generic patent US 20170255262 A1 is a wearable device that monitors a user's physiological states, movements, and position during athletic activities. At its core is smart eyewear, either a pair of smart glasses or a head-mounted display, which integrates various sensors to measure vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and perspiration. Additionally, motion and position sensors track the user's location, speed, and orientation, while cameras record the surroundings and gaze direction. An augmented reality (AR) display overlays this information onto the real-world environment, providing warnings, training advice, and navigation instructions without obstructing the user's view. The smart glasses work in conjunction with an optional terminal, such as a smartphone or smartwatch, which enhances data collection and processing.In an emergency, the smart eyewear can automatically contact emergency services or medical professionals via wireless connections, transmitting location, vital signs, and surrounding images. The system is modular, allowing sensors and add-on modules to be installed or removed depending on the type of training or individual needs. Overall, the smart glasses enable comprehensive monitoring and analysis of athletic performance, offer safety features in emergencies, and display information on an augmented reality screen, making training safer and more interactive.

[0015] The head-worn device (HWD) described in US2021 00034145 A1 can contain any number of light sensors strategically positioned to detect various physiological signals or movements of a user, such as skin movements during chewing, speaking, or other gestures, as well as changes in blood flow associated with heart or respiratory rate. The dual placement of sensors on both sides of the head enables differential measurements, which increases the accuracy of gesture recognition. Compared to sensors on the wrist or ear, the head position provides more stable measurements with less interference from wind, movement, or tissue structures. The arrangement of the sensors, their distance from the light sources, and the selection of light wavelengths (e.g., infrared for stationary contact areas, green for more dynamic areas) are adapted to the head geometry to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and minimize motion artifacts.The HWD can have additional sensors on the bridge of the nose or behind the ears to detect gestures related to brain activity, for example, for EEG applications to predict or diagnose neurological conditions. Furthermore, ambient light measurements can be used to capture gestures or adjust the display brightness, giving the HWD a versatile and precise user-device interface.

[0016] The invention is based on the objective of improving data glasses. This objective underlying the invention is now achieved by data glasses with the features of claim 1.

[0017] The smart glasses incorporate a variety of sensors integrated into or attached to the front panel and / or temples. These sensors enable the monitoring of numerous physiological parameters and include:

[0018] o A PPG sensor (photoplethysmography) for monitoring heart rate and pulse rate,

[0019] o An EDA sensor (electrodermal activity) to measure stress or arousal states,

[0020] o A skin temperature sensor to detect changes in body temperature,

[0021] o An SpO2 sensor (oxygen saturation) for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation,

[0022] o ECG electrodes (electrocardiogram) for measuring the electrical activity of the heart,

[0023] o A sensor for eye movement detection and

[0024] o A sensor for sweat analysis

[0025] o wherein several EEG (electroencephalogram) sensors are present for monitoring brain activity, wherein at least some of the EEG sensors are located on the front part.

[0026] Compared to a smartwatch, which is only worn on the wrist, smart glasses can integrate sensors in various, more suitable locations, such as around the ears, the scalp surrounding the ears, the temples, or the bridge of the nose. These areas are more stable and less susceptible to movement or external interference.

[0027] The smart glasses can combine advanced sensor technology, such as optical sensors, infrared technology, and electrical skin sensors. By using multiple technologies, the glasses could deliver more precise data by comparing the results from the individual sensors.

[0028] Smart glasses offer the possibility of directly incorporating environmental data such as light intensity, air quality, and temperature into the analysis. This data can not only increase the accuracy of vital parameters but also provide additional contextual information. By projecting data directly into the wearer's field of vision, smart glasses can provide immediate feedback on measurement errors, for example, if a sensor is not optimally positioned or if external factors are influencing the results.

[0029] Integrating sensors into alternative locations, such as the temples or the bridge of the nose, offers several technological and practical advantages over the usual placement on the wrists, as is the case with smartwatches. These areas of the face and head are more stable, have better blood flow, and, due to their anatomy and relative insensitivity to movement, offer ideal conditions for more precise measurements. The specific advantages of this placement are described in more detail below:

[0030] Everyday movements at the wrist, such as bending the arm, typing on a keyboard, or sporting activities, often cause disruptions in data acquisition. Areas like the temples and the bridge of the nose, however, are less affected by such movements, as the head generally remains more stable.

[0031] While the wrist often fails to ensure constant contact with the sensor due to loose straps or incorrectly fitting smartwatches, the temples and nose bridge offer a firmer and more direct contact surface, which significantly improves sensor performance.

[0032] The temporal region has superficial blood vessels (e.g., the temporal artery) that provide a continuous and easily measurable blood flow rate. This is particularly advantageous for optical sensors that measure, for example, heart rate or blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).

[0033] The area around the bridge of the nose and the root of the nose is also well supplied with blood and provides a stable base for optical, electrical, or mechanical sensors. It is particularly suitable for sensors that measure parameters such as pulse or skin temperature, as these areas are less affected by external disturbances such as pressure changes or irregular movements.

[0034] By placing them at the temples and bridge of the nose, different types of sensors can be used simultaneously, working synergistically:

[0035] Optical sensors are ideal for measuring heart rate and SpO2. Temperature sensors can be placed behind the ears on the scalp or on the bridge of the nose. The temples and the bridge of the nose are suitable for precise skin temperature measurements because these areas are less affected by external factors such as air currents.

[0036] The temples are a preferred location for electrodes to measure brain activity (EEG) or to monitor heart rhythm (ECG), which makes smart glasses ideal for medical applications.

[0037] The number of EEG sensor points in the form of electrodes integrated into the smart glasses for recording brain activity depends largely on the intended application and the required accuracy of the control. Different scenarios require different configurations and numbers of electrodes, always striving for a balance between precision, wearing comfort, and technical complexity.

[0038] For simple applications, such as executing basic commands (e.g., navigating "left" or "right" or selecting an object), a small number of 3 to 5 electrodes is sufficient. These are strategically placed in locations such as the forehead and temples, as these areas provide access to brain regions responsible for basic control tasks. Such a configuration enables a user-friendly and minimally invasive solution for basic applications.

[0039] If the glasses are to execute more complex commands or capture cognitive patterns more precisely, the number of sensor points required increases to approximately 5 to 10 electrodes. This configuration allows for more detailed recording of neural signals and more reliable differentiation of various patterns. It represents a good compromise between technical performance and user comfort, especially for applications with medium control complexity.

[0040] For advanced control systems requiring fine and detailed data acquisition—for example, to control complex motor or cognitive processes—10 to 20 electrodes are needed. This number offers high spatial resolution and enables the detection of subtle differences in neural activity. However, such a configuration requires more advanced technology to process the data in real time, as well as thoughtful integration to ensure the glasses' comfort and stability. For EEG-enabled smart glasses, an electrode count of approximately 5 to 10 sensor points appears to be a practical solution. This number ensures a good balance between control precision and user-friendliness. It allows for sufficiently accurate acquisition of neural patterns without compromising the glasses' comfort or suitability for everyday use.

[0041] The arrangement of multiple EEG sensors in the front part of the smart glasses, particularly on the nose bridge and along the brow rest, offers several crucial advantages: It ensures stable and reproducible skin contact, as the front part fits snugly against the head, and enables spatially differentiated recording of frontal brain activity, thereby improving signal robustness and plausibility. The symmetrical positioning optimizes reference formation and comparability of signals from both hemispheres, while simultaneously allowing artifacts caused by head movements, eye movements, or muscle activity to be better detected and compensated for algorithmically. Furthermore, a high level of wearing comfort is achieved, as no additional support systems are required, ensuring that EEG measurements remain reliable and suitable for everyday use, even in mobile applications.

[0042] A key challenge in implementation is minimizing interference caused by the wearer's movement or external influences. At the same time, the electrodes must be integrated in a way that is as discreet and ergonomic as possible. This requires innovative approaches to sensor placement and material selection to optimize both functionality and wearing comfort.

[0043] The EEG sensors integrated into the smart glasses are preferably positioned near the forehead, around the bridge of the nose and in the eyebrow area. A basic design typically includes three to five sensors, while an advanced version can incorporate five to ten sensors to enable a finer spatial resolution of brain activity. The EEG sensors are positioned to precisely capture cortical signals while the glasses rest comfortably on the nose.

[0044] The sensors themselves are designed as dry electrodes with preferably spring-loaded contacts that generate even pressure on the skin. This ensures stable skin contact without gel and reduces signal loss, even with slight movements of the user. The electrode material provides high conductivity and includes shielding against EMG and motion artifacts, thus minimizing unwanted interference. The spring-loaded EEG sensors of the smart glasses are designed to ensure stable and reproducible skin contact without the need for conventional electrode gel. Each sensor consists of a conductive electrode head, which serves as the actual contact surface with the skin, and a mechanical spring mechanism that distributes the pressure evenly across the skin.The spring ensures that the electrodes can give way slightly, so that contact is maintained even with small movements or head tilts and signal loss is avoided.

[0045] The spring-loaded sensors are flexible in their design: they can be used for both EEG sensors on the forehead and brow pads, as well as for ECG electrodes in the temples. This allows the same mechanical principles to be used for different sensor types, while the coupling and signal quality are optimized in each case.

[0046] The mechanical integration of the sensors is specifically tailored to the frame's structure. Each sensor is embedded in the geometry of the nose bridge and a brow rest area of ​​the front part, creating a defined pressure mechanism. This geometry ensures that the sensors maintain consistent and even contact with the skin and deliver stable signals even during physical movement. The brow rest area is located at the upper edge of each lens frame.

[0047] Additionally, EEG sensors, as well as other biometric sensors, can be integrated into the temples. Preferred positions are near the temples or along the inner sides of the temples where stable skin contact is possible, for example, near the ear or via the front piece at the bridge of the nose. Here, too, spring-loaded contact mechanisms are used to reduce movement artifacts and improve signal quality. Integration into the temples allows for extended spatial coverage of the EEG signal and increases positioning flexibility without compromising wearing comfort.

[0048] The raw signals from the EEG sensors are processed by a sensor fusion and artifact suppression system. This system algorithmically combines IMU, PPG, and EDA signals to compensate for motion artifacts, perspiration, or interference from hair. This ensures that the EEG signal quality remains high even during physical activity or restless use.

[0049] An efficient energy and sampling concept is implemented for data acquisition. The EEG signals are pre-processed with band-limited sampling, triggered, and filtered at the edge computing level, ensuring that only relevant data is transmitted. This reduces energy consumption and data load while maintaining the accuracy of the brain activity measurement.

[0050] The technical benefit of this solution lies in the fact that EEG measurements are reliable, stable, and reproducible, even under real-world conditions involving movement and perspiration. The combination of precise positioning, spring-loaded dry electrodes, mechanical fixation, optional integration into the headband, and algorithmic signal processing results in reduced false triggers, stable EEG signals, and improved measurement quality.

[0051] The invention implements sensor simultaneity. In operational mode, at least several sensor types are active simultaneously, for example, EEG, ECG, PPG, and EDA sensors. This simultaneous functionality allows for the parallel acquisition of different physiological parameters and their combined evaluation. In contrast to known approaches, which typically only provide for individual sensor types in isolated operating modes or activate them sequentially, the invention enables true multi-channel biomonitoring, which is crucial for calculating complex biometric patterns or for artifact compensation through sensor fusion.

[0052] Furthermore, the invention is characterized by a defined contact architecture. The sensors are not positioned "just anywhere on the frame," but rather attached to defined contact surfaces on the front of the glasses and / or the temples. For electrical signals such as ECG or EEG, at least two spatially separated contact areas are provided to reliably capture reference and measurement signals. This arrangement ensures that the mechanical coupling is reproducible and stable, thus achieving high signal quality even with movement or perspiration. The defined contact areas are also adapted to the geometry of the glasses, so that a uniform contact force is generated without impairing wearing comfort.

[0053] Integrating multiple sensor types into the smart glasses creates significant synergies that considerably improve the accuracy, stability, and reliability of EEG measurements. Simultaneous acquisition of EEG, ECG, PPG, EDA, and other sensor data allows for the targeted compensation of artifacts and interference that would otherwise occur with isolated measurements.

[0054] A key benefit arises from sensor fusion. EEG signals are sensitive to movement, muscle activity (EMG), and perspiration, which can lead to measurement errors or noise. By simultaneously utilizing data from IMU sensors (for detecting head movements), PPG sensors (heart rate), and EDA sensors (skin conductance), motion-related or physiologically induced artifacts can be algorithmically identified and corrected. This improves the signal quality of the EEG data, even during physical activity or when worn for extended periods.

[0055] Furthermore, the simultaneous use of the sensors supports the contextualization of EEG signals. For example, a sudden change in skin conductance (EDA) or heart rate (PPG / ECG) in conjunction with EEG data can indicate a state of stress or arousal, thus enabling more precise detection of mental states. Similarly, combining EEG with ECG allows for better differentiation of cardiac artifacts from neuronal signals, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions.

[0056] The combined use of these sensors offers several advantages: EEG signal quality is stabilized, false triggers are reduced, and the detection of mental states or cognitive patterns becomes more reliable. At the same time, the synergy between EEG and other sensors allows for the acquisition of additional physiological information without compromising the comfort or compact design of the smart glasses. This additional information is preferably evaluated using a control unit integrated into the glasses.

[0057] The data glasses according to the invention are designed to operate several different types of biometric sensors simultaneously in a ready-to-use state. This multi-sensor simultaneity achieves a technical effect that goes beyond purely parallel data acquisition. The simultaneously acquired sensor data, in particular EEG, ECG, PPG, EDA and motion signals, are fed into a common algorithmic processing workflow in the control unit.

[0058] Signals from non-neuronal sensors serve as reference and correction signals for identifying and reducing artifacts in the EEG data, such as those caused by head movements, muscle activity, or perspiration. Motion data from an IMU is used to temporally mark artifact phases, while PPG and ECG signals are used to differentiate cardiac interference.

[0059] This cross-sensor data fusion reduces the amount of erroneous or irrelevant EEG data, thereby improving both signal quality and the efficiency of subsequent data processing. Simultaneously, energy consumption can be reduced, as adaptive sampling and preprocessing of the EEG signals occurs depending on the detected signal quality.

[0060] It is conceivable to use microphone-based sensors. Microphones and sensors near the temples could monitor breathing rate or speech patterns, providing additional information about the patient's health.

[0061] While the wrist is often affected by fluctuating temperatures or humidity (e.g., through sweating), the temples and bridge of the nose remain relatively stable in temperature due to their proximity to central blood vessels.

[0062] Sweat can interfere with optical sensors on the wrist by altering light scattering. The temples and bridge of the nose are significantly less affected, as these areas generally do not sweat heavily.

[0063] Areas such as the temples have a more uniform skin structure compared to the wrists, which further increases measurement accuracy.

[0064] Sensors integrated into the temples or nose bridge of the glasses are not only ergonomic but also aesthetically pleasing. The glasses sit securely and do not cause any additional restrictions like the tight wristbands of smartwatches.

[0065] Unlike smartwatches, which interact with hand movements, sensors in glasses remain unnoticed and do not restrict freedom of movement.

[0066] The smart glasses can capture additional context-related data (e.g., posture, environmental influences, or movement patterns) through integrated cameras or motion sensors. This information could further improve the accuracy of the measurements.

[0067] The temples and nose bridge offer clear physiological and ergonomic advantages over the wrist for sensor placement. They ensure more stable measurement conditions, deliver more precise data, and enable the integration of advanced sensors that are not feasible with existing wearables. An all-in-one smart glasses device could therefore significantly improve measurement accuracy and comfort while simultaneously opening up new areas of application. Unlike smartwatches, which are usually specialized for only certain functions, smart glasses can consolidate various health data in a single device, thus avoiding inconsistencies between different devices (e.g., smartwatch and smartphone).

[0068] The smart glasses according to the invention could be significantly enhanced by coupling them with external sensors to integrate additional data sources and maximize their functionality. Such an enhancement enables the use of specialized sensors that can be connected either wirelessly via Bluetooth or WLAN, or physically via standardized ports. This opens up numerous new application areas and advantages. For example, the smart glasses can be wirelessly coupled with other sensors, such as a Moxy sensor, lactate sensors, glucose sensors, or similar devices. The data from these external sensors can be displayed and recorded for the user via the smart glasses.

[0069] In the medical field, external sensors such as blood pressure monitors and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems could be integrated to comprehensively monitor chronic conditions like hypertension or diabetes. These sensors could combine their measurement data in real time with the smart glasses' internal sensors, such as PPG or ECG sensors, to ensure more precise health monitoring. Portable thermal imaging cameras or blood gas analysis modules would also be conceivable for detecting inflammatory processes, injuries, or emergency parameters such as oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. This expanded functionality would offer significant added value, particularly in emergency medicine or for the long-term monitoring of patients in remote areas.

[0070] Furthermore, environmental and activity sensors could be integrated to adapt the smart glasses to specific operating conditions. External air quality sensors, monitoring CO2, particulate matter, or VOCs (volatile organic compounds), for example, would be particularly useful in urban areas or industrial environments. Precise GPS modules could improve use in outdoor activities, rescue operations, or surveying, while external motion sensors would enable advanced motion analysis, for example, for sports activities or rehabilitation. For sports and fitness, sensors such as electromyography (EMG) sensors for measuring muscle activity or pressure-measuring insoles for analyzing gait and load are ideal. These could work seamlessly with the glasses' internal sensors to optimize training results, prevent injuries, and improve movement patterns.External heart rate sensors in the form of chest straps or wristbands could also be used for more precise cardiological monitoring.

[0071] Industrial applications benefit from external vibration and noise sensors that can detect machine noise or vibrations and compare them in real time with the biometric data from the glasses to identify worker stress or strain. Wearable temperature sensors or radiation detectors could provide additional safety in hazardous work environments such as steel mills, chemical plants, or areas with ionizing radiation.

[0072] Additionally, specialized external sensors such as EEG and ECG modules could be connected for advanced neurological or cardiological examinations. Hydration trackers, which detect dehydration through skin conductance or sweat analysis, could provide important additional information, especially during sports or physical work. Eye movement sensors or pupillometry sensors could also be integrated to analyze neurological stress or cognitive states even more precisely.

[0073] Linking the smart glasses to external sensors offers numerous advantages: It significantly expands data collection by providing a more comprehensive picture of biometric, environmental, and physical parameters. At the same time, the smart glasses remain flexible and modular, as users can adapt them to specific requirements without overloading the base unit. Furthermore, synergies arise because external and internal data can be combined to generate more precise results and new analytical possibilities. This enables a customized solution for specialized applications in medicine, industry, and science.

[0074] Overall, the combination of internal and external sensors makes smart glasses a versatile and powerful tool suitable for numerous applications – from medical monitoring and sports activities to industrial safety and research. This enhanced functionality represents an innovative and future-oriented technology that can be adapted to the needs of a wide range of users. The solutions described below offer a multitude of innovative advantages through the integration of sophisticated biometric sensors into smart glasses. The specific placement and function of the sensors allow for precise, continuous, and convenient monitoring of health and behavioral parameters. The advantages are illustrated below based on the patent claims:

[0075] This broad functionality enables holistic health monitoring in real time.

[0076] One embodiment specifies that the PPG sensor is positioned on the inside of the temples, particularly near a temporal artery, to ensure improved signal quality. This guarantees more precise detection of heart rate and pulse rate.

[0077] One embodiment specifies that the EDA sensors are arranged along the inside of the ear hooks, with contact surfaces behind the earlobes for continuous measurement of electrodermal activity. This allows for uninterrupted monitoring of stress and arousal states, which is particularly useful in stressful situations.

[0078] It is specified in one embodiment that the skin temperature sensor is positioned on the inside of the upper front part, near the center of the forehead, to enable precise temperature measurements. This position optimizes the accuracy in detecting changes in body temperature.

[0079] One embodiment specifies that the SpO2 sensor is attached to the end of one of the ear hooks, so that it is in contact with the earlobe or the surrounding scalp. This arrangement ensures a continuous and reliable measurement of blood oxygen saturation.

[0080] One design specifies that the ECG electrodes are positioned at the ends of the headbands and / or near the temples to ensure stable skin contact and reliable measurements of the heart's electrical activity. This supports accurate cardiac monitoring.

[0081] In one embodiment, it is specified that the EEG sensors are arranged along the upper inner frontal section, on the forehead, to precisely monitor brain activity. This enables the analysis of mental states such as attention or relaxation. In another embodiment, it is specified that the eye movement sensors are integrated into the frontal section and oriented towards the inner surface of the eye to enable precise eye tracking. This allows gaze patterns and eye gestures to be recorded and used for control.

[0082] One design specifies that the sweat sensors are located on the inside of the temples, ensuring direct skin contact to analyze hydration or stress parameters. This expands the functionality of the smart glasses to include additional health metrics.

[0083] In summary, the smart glasses combine innovative biometric sensor technologies in a compact and user-friendly form, ensuring both precise measurements and comfortable use. The targeted positioning of the sensors improves signal quality and supports a wide range of applications, from health monitoring to control via eye tracking and eye gestures.

[0084] It is specified in one embodiment that the following communication modules are integrated into or attached to the front part and / or the brackets:

[0085] a) a radio module for wireless communication via WLAN (Wi-Fi) or Bluetooth, integrated to ensure high data transmission rates and stable connections;

[0086] b) an eSIM for direct use of mobile data services without a physical SIM card; and / or

[0087] c) a satellite communications module for global data and voice communication via satellites, especially for areas without mobile network coverage.

[0088] This offers the advantage of seamless communication regardless of network coverage thanks to the satellite module, making it ideal for using the smart glasses in remote areas. The ability to use mobile data services without changing physical SIM cards further enhances user-friendliness.

[0089] Integrating communication modules such as WLAN, Bluetooth, eSIM, and a satellite communication module into the front panel and / or temples of the smart glasses offers significant advantages, especially in combination with biometric sensors. This synergy enables an innovative and versatile platform for numerous applications.

[0090] A wireless module for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth ensures fast and stable transmission of biometric data collected by integrated sensors such as PPG, EEG, EDA, and SpO2. This real-time data transmission to external devices like smartphones, tablets, or cloud servers is particularly useful for medical applications, sports and fitness monitoring, and high-stress work environments. Simultaneously, the integration of eSIM technology enables a direct connection to the mobile network without the need for an additional device. This makes the smart glasses mobile and independent of local networks, which is especially beneficial for patients with chronic illnesses or people in remote areas who require continuous monitoring.

[0091] A satellite communication module further enhances this functionality by ensuring global coverage. Even in remote areas without cellular or Wi-Fi connectivity, biometric data such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, or EEG can be transmitted in real time. This is crucial, especially for emergencies in remote regions, such as on the high seas, in the wilderness, or in crisis zones, as the data can be sent directly to rescue services or medical personnel. The combination of different communication channels also ensures high reliability and redundancy. Even if one communication channel fails, data transmission remains guaranteed, which is invaluable in safety-critical applications such as patient monitoring or emergency communications.

[0092] In medicine, this technology can be used in a variety of ways: for continuous patient monitoring, for telemedicine in poorly served areas, or for rapid emergency monitoring, where vital data is transmitted directly to rescue teams. In sports and fitness, athletes and coaches benefit from real-time data to optimize training results and prevent injuries. In safety-critical work environments, such as in mining or on offshore installations, health parameters like stress or oxygen deficiency can be monitored, and warnings can be automatically issued in hazardous situations. Additionally, the glasses offer emergency services and military personnel the ability to make operations safer by monitoring health conditions such as fatigue or overexertion in real time and transmitting relevant data to command centers.Smart glasses also open up new possibilities in the areas of stress management and mental training. By measuring stress levels and brain activity, individual programs for relaxation and improved concentration can be developed. For adventurers and travelers in remote regions, smart glasses also offer significant advantages by monitoring health data such as oxygen saturation and heart rate and automatically triggering alarms in case of problems.

[0093] The integration of these communication modules makes the smart glasses a robust, flexible, and future-proof solution that not only operates independently of local networks but also significantly expands existing systems through its versatility and mobility. This creates a completely new dimension for the use of biometric surveillance technology in a wide variety of living and working environments.

[0094] eSIMs enable flexible use of mobile networks worldwide without the need for a physical SIM card. This reduces dependence on physical infrastructure (e.g., SIM card swapping) and allows for seamless connectivity in urban areas. Satellite communication modules, on the other hand, offer global coverage, even in remote areas where mobile networks are inaccessible (e.g., deserts, mountains, open oceans). Combining these two technologies in a compact wearable device like smart glasses is no small feat, as it unites the strengths of both technologies: high flexibility and global reach.

[0095] While the eSIM is ideal for everyday connectivity in urban and well-covered areas, the satellite communication module enables the use of the smart glasses in emergency situations or specialized applications (e.g., rescue operations, expeditions, or industrial deployments in remote regions). The combination guarantees a seamless transition between cellular and satellite communication. When no cellular networks are available, the satellite module automatically takes over the connection, which is particularly important for safety-critical applications (e.g., military or medical applications).

[0096] Integrating both technologies into a small device like smart glasses presents an engineering challenge. It requires a compact design, efficient power management, and minimal weight increase to avoid compromising comfort and functionality. This technological innovation distinguishes itself from existing devices (such as smartphones or satellite phones) that typically utilize only one of the two technologies.

[0097] The combination of an eSIM and a satellite communication module in wearable smart glasses was not an obvious solution for experts in this field. Previous solutions relied either on mobile networks (e.g., smartphones with eSIM) or on standalone satellite communication devices. The integration of these two communication methods into a single, user-friendly device is therefore a technological advancement that goes beyond the current state of the art.

[0098] The eSIM can complement satellite services by enabling data and voice communication at lower costs during cellular connections, while the satellite module is activated in areas without network coverage. This intelligent use of resources optimizes connectivity and energy consumption. Users benefit from a reliable, global communication solution that is both economical and energy-efficient.

[0099] The combination of an eSIM and a satellite communication module in smart glasses is inventive, as it not only offers an innovative solution for global connectivity, but also opens up new areas of application, overcomes technical challenges and represents a significant advance over existing technologies.

[0100] In one configuration, the smart glasses are specified by the inclusion of a Bluetooth module for wireless communication with external devices, such as smartphones or computers, for data exchange, control, and synchronization. This offers the advantage of simplified integration with other devices like smartphones, which facilitates control and data transmission.

[0101] Additional communication modules may be present. The communication modules of smart glasses ensure a seamless connection between the glasses and external devices, networks, or applications, covering various application areas. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an energy-efficient standard for short-range connections and is ideal for synchronization with smartphones or fitness devices. Wi-Fi offers fast, high-volume data transfers, which can be used, for example, for streaming content or accessing cloud-based data. NFC (Near Field Communication) enables wireless authentication and data transmission over short distances, which is particularly relevant for secure access mechanisms or contactless payments. A 5G / 6G LTE modem is integrated for mobile internet connections, enabling real-time communication with cloud-based applications, such as live streaming or augmented reality services.

[0102] Zigbee and Z-Wave are specialized communication protocols used in mesh networks, for example, for smart home automation or industrial applications. Ultra-wideband (UWB) enables precise distance measurement to other devices, facilitating indoor navigation or object location. LoRaWAN offers long-range communication with low bandwidth and is ideal for applications in rural areas or IoT devices that transmit only small amounts of data.

[0103] For the fitness and sports sector, ANT+ is an established standard protocol that enables efficient data transmission from sensors such as heart rate monitors or pedometers. Li-Fi, a technology for data transmission via visible light, offers an innovative alternative to wireless standards and is used in environments where radio signals are limited, such as in hospitals or airplanes.

[0104] These diverse communication modules enable the smart glasses to adapt flexibly to different scenarios and requirements and to significantly expand their functionality.

[0105] In one embodiment, the data glasses are specified by the fact that the data glasses include the following:

[0106] a) two front cameras, preferably each with a field of view of 90° to 120°, which together enable a coverage area of ​​up to 180°; b) two side cameras on the outer bars with a field of view of at least 120° each, thereby achieving a total coverage area of ​​300° to 360°.

[0107] This has the advantage of enabling a 360° all-around view, resulting in improved situational awareness. This design is ideally suited for surveillance or AR applications. The combination of cameras allows for 360° coverage, specifically optimized for hand tracking and motion tracking in front of and to the sides of the user. Optimized hand tracking enables innovative control methods in augmented and virtual reality applications.

[0108] In one embodiment, the data glasses are specified by the fact that the data glasses include the following:

[0109] a) Infrared LEDs and cameras for detecting eye movements and blinks; b) algorithms for calculating the gaze direction and interpreting the eye movements as control signals; and c) calibration systems for adapting to the individual eye movements of the user.

[0110] Eye movement control offers intuitive and hands-free interaction, especially for people with physical limitations.

[0111] Eye tracking with infrared LEDs and cameras is based on the precise detection and analysis of reflections within the eye. The system uses infrared light because it is invisible to the human eye and therefore causes no distraction or glare. Special cameras capture and analyze the infrared light reflections on the eye's surface to calculate the user's movements and gaze direction. First, infrared LEDs illuminate the eye. These LEDs operate in the near-infrared range (700-900 nm) and are often integrated into the eyeglass frame or around the lenses. The light reflected from the eye's surface is then captured by one or more infrared cameras.The cameras detect two key features: the pupil, which appears as a dark area because it absorbs light, and the corneal reflections (so-called "Purkinje images" or glints), which become visible as bright points due to strongly reflected infrared light. These reflections serve as reference points to precisely calculate the relative movement of the pupil and to differentiate between head and eye movements.

[0112] The cameras capture the position and movement of the pupil as well as corneal reflections. Specialized algorithms analyze the data in real time to calculate the viewing angle, gaze direction, and even micro-movements such as blinks. These calculations make it possible to convert eye movements into control signals that can be used, for example, for navigation, scrolling, or selecting objects in a digital environment. Systems with multiple cameras often enable three-dimensional tracking of eye movements, further increasing precision and versatility.

[0113] The system typically requires calibration to adapt to the individual physiological characteristics of the user's eyes. During the calibration process, the user follows a predefined pattern to generate reference data for the algorithms. This calibration ensures optimal accuracy and allows for adaptation to different users. Furthermore, the cameras are equipped with special infrared filters that block visible light and capture only reflected infrared light, guaranteeing reliable operation even under changing lighting conditions.

[0114] Real-time processing of this data allows for rapid responses and ensures smooth interaction, for example in applications such as controlling AR or VR environments, selecting objects by focusing on a point, or navigating menus. The technology is independent of ambient light and functions in both darkness and bright light. It can be discreetly integrated into eyeglass frames without affecting comfort or design.

[0115] The advantages of this technology are numerous: it offers high precision in eye movement tracking, reliable operation in various environments, and versatile applications, from immersive virtual reality to assistive technologies for people with limited mobility. The combination of advanced hardware and intelligent software enables innovative, intuitive, and efficient interaction with digital systems.

[0116] Eye movements should ideally be processed in real time to generate control signals for user interactions such as selection, scrolling, or navigation. Real-time processing of eye movements improves reaction time and enables a smooth user experience.

[0117] The environmental and ambient sensors, as well as the additional and control modules of smart glasses, enable a wide range of functions tailored to diverse applications. Light sensors automatically adjust the display brightness to the ambient light conditions and detect harmful UV radiation to protect the wearer. MEMS-based microphones support voice control and communication and are characterized by high sensitivity and energy efficiency. Ambient temperature sensors measure the outside temperature and provide important data for outdoor activities or medical applications. Barometric pressure sensors complement altitude measurements and are particularly useful in mountaineering, aviation, or scientific research.

[0118] In addition, gas and pollutant sensors offer the possibility of recording environmental data such as CO2 concentration or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is particularly relevant in urban, industrial, or health-critical environments. Acoustic sensors detect ambient noise and are suitable, for example, in safety-critical applications for detecting movement or gunshots.

[0119] Additional modules are available for specialized applications. Haptic motors generate tactile feedback, such as vibrations, to provide discreet notifications or warnings. IR sensors enable night vision and thermal imaging capabilities and are ideal for rescue operations, military, or industrial applications. UV sensors measure exposure to UV radiation, thus contributing to health protection. Electrochromatic lenses automatically adjust their tint to ambient light conditions to reduce glare and enhance visual comfort. Battery monitoring provides real-time information on energy consumption and charge level to ensure efficient use and extended operating time.

[0120] Control and interaction with the smart glasses is facilitated by capacitive touchpads, gesture sensors, and voice assistants. Capacitive touchpads enable intuitive operation of the glasses by touch, for example, on the temples. Gesture sensors recognize hand and finger movements and enable touchless control—a significant advantage in hygiene-critical environments. Voice assistant integration allows operation via voice commands and provides access to functions such as navigation or information queries. Bone conduction speakers transmit sound through the bones, leaving the ears free and allowing the wearer to perceive their surroundings, which is particularly important for outdoor activities or in safety-critical areas. For rugged applications, such as in the military or medical fields, tactile buttons offer a reliable operating option, even with gloves or under challenging conditions.

[0121] Infrared sensors further enhance the functionality of the smart glasses by enabling them to measure environmental parameters. These versatile modules make the smart glasses a flexible tool for numerous applications, from sports and medicine to rescue operations and military and industrial uses.

[0122] In one embodiment, the smart glasses are specified by the fact that the smart glasses include at least one display technology from the following group:

[0123] a) Fiber optic display (waveguide);

[0124] b) Micro-LED display;

[0125] c) OLED display;

[0126] d) LCOS display;

[0127] e) DLP display;

[0128] f) Laser beam scanning display; or

[0129] g) projection-based display.

[0130] The choice between different display technologies allows the glasses to be adapted to specific use cases, such as high-resolution or energy-saving displays.

[0131] Waveguide displays, also known as optical fiber displays, are among the most advanced and widely used technologies in smart glasses. They project images through thin layers of glass that redirect light and place it directly in front of the user's eye. This technology is characterized by its light weight, wide field of view, and compact design. However, waveguide displays are often expensive due to their complex manufacturing process. Waveguide technologies are among the most common approaches for projecting content directly in front of the user's eye. There are various types, such as diffractive waveguides, which use optical gratings to redirect light and provide a wide field of view at high resolution. However, they are susceptible to light loss and reflections. Reflective waveguides use reflective surfaces, which ensure higher brightness and efficiency but are often somewhat bulkier.Holographic waveguides are characterized by their precise light guidance and excellent color fidelity. This technology offers excellent image quality, but is complex and expensive to manufacture.

[0132] Micro-LED displays consist of tiny LEDs that emit light directly, offering high brightness and impressive energy efficiency. These displays are easily usable even in daylight. However, production costs are currently still high, and the technology requires further development to optimize it for smaller, wearable devices such as smart glasses. OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays are self-illuminating and do not require backlighting, allowing for a very slim design. They offer high contrast, vibrant colors, and low power consumption. However, they are susceptible to burn-in and achieve only limited brightness in direct sunlight.

[0133] LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) displays utilize reflective technology, where the image is projected by external light and modulated by liquid crystals. They offer sharp image reproduction, are less expensive to manufacture, and very compact. However, a disadvantage of these displays is their lower brightness compared to other technologies.

[0134] Digital Light Processing (DLP) displays use tiny mirrors to reflect light and project images. This technology offers exceptionally high resolution and image quality. However, DLP displays are associated with higher power consumption and a more complex cooling system, which makes their use in portable devices more difficult.

[0135] Laser beam scanning displays work by projecting images directly onto the retina of the eye using laser scanning. They offer exceptionally sharp images, good brightness, and are small and lightweight. However, this technology is not yet widely used due to its high cost and limited commercial availability.

[0136] Projection-based displays project the image onto a transparent surface in front of the user's eye and are also compact and lightweight. However, they often have limited image quality and low contrast, which can restrict their applications.

[0137] Choosing the optimal display technology for smart glasses depends on various factors, including the application environment (e.g., indoor or outdoor), use in daylight or at night, the required image quality, and power supply availability. Each technology offers specific advantages and limitations that must be carefully weighed against each other. The technologies used in smart glasses are diverse and enable a wide range of applications, from augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to mixed reality (MR) and specialized projections. Projection-based technologies are another essential component of modern smart glasses. LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) combines reflective projection with liquid crystals and is known for its sharp image quality and compact design, making it ideal for cost-effective applications.Digital Light Processing (DLP) uses millions of tiny mirrors to precisely reflect light, enabling exceptionally high resolution. However, this technology requires a complex cooling system and consumes more energy. Laser Beam Scanning (LBS) projects images directly into the field of vision or onto the retina and impresses with its compact design, high brightness, and sharp image quality, although its use is currently limited due to its cost and complexity.

[0138] Microdisplay technologies such as Micro-OLED and Micro-LCD offer high-resolution images in small form factors. Micro-OLED displays are characterized by their vibrant colors, deep blacks, high contrast, and low power consumption. They enable a compact and energy-efficient design but are expensive and susceptible to burn-in. Micro-LCD displays, on the other hand, use backlighting and are less expensive, but offer lower brightness and contrast.

[0139] Various display technologies are used in augmented reality (AR). Waveguide displays, in their diffractive, reflective, and holographic variants, dominate the market due to their compact design and versatile applications. Combiner lenses direct light through semi-transparent surfaces into the user's field of vision and represent a simple, cost-effective alternative, although they reach their limits with more complex projections.

[0140] Virtual reality (VR) displays, in turn, rely on immersive technologies such as OLED, which is characterized by deep blacks, vibrant colors, and fast response times. LCD is a more affordable alternative that scores points with good color accuracy but offers lower image quality and contrast. MicroLED combines the advantages of OLED and LCD but is currently still expensive and complex to produce.

[0141] Mixed Reality (MR) displays combine real and virtual content. Semi-transparent mirror displays project digital information onto transparent surfaces, seamlessly blending real and virtual elements. Another method is combiner technology, which mixes light sources from different origins and integrates them into the field of view. Electrochromic displays with electrochromic lenses offer an adjustable tint that dynamically adapts to the ambient brightness. This reduces glare and increases user comfort.

[0142] Fresnel lenses are also used because their special optics allow them to focus and project images. They are space-saving and lightweight, but often have limitations in image quality, especially regarding brightness and contrast.

[0143] Direct Retinal Projection (DRP) is a particularly advanced technology, projecting images directly onto the retina. This method enables precise and clear visualization and is ideal for compact form factors, but it is technically demanding and expensive. Holographic displays offer immersive AR and VR experiences by projecting three-dimensional images. This technology is still in its early stages of widespread commercial use but holds great potential for the future. MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) displays utilize micromechanical systems to project images, enabling extremely compact and lightweight designs that are particularly well-suited for portable devices.

[0144] AR-HMD (Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays) technology includes advanced solutions such as Heads-up Displays (HUDs) or transparent OLED displays that seamlessly integrate digital content into the field of vision.

[0145] Finally, hybrid displays, which combine different technologies such as LCOS with waveguides or OLED with holography, offer a high degree of flexibility. They combine the advantages of several approaches and enable advanced functions, but are technically demanding and expensive.

[0146] Overall, the choice of the optimal technology for smart glasses depends heavily on the use case. Factors such as image quality, use in daylight or at night, the environment (indoors or outdoors), and power supply play a key role in the selection. Each of the technologies mentioned offers specific advantages and limitations that must be carefully weighed according to the requirements.

[0147] The memory and processor modules of smart glasses ensure powerful computing capabilities and flexible storage options to support a wide range of applications. Internal memory allows data and applications to be stored directly on the glasses, guaranteeing fast and reliable operation. A microSD card slot provides additional storage space and allows for easy expansion for offline use – ideal for scenarios where a permanent internet connection is unavailable.

[0148] Advanced AI processors enable edge computing, where data is processed directly on the glasses without sending it to the cloud. This allows for real-time data analysis, for example, in object recognition, navigation, or sensor data processing, and significantly reduces latency. For specific tasks, such as image processing or the implementation of complex AI algorithms, FPGA or ASIC chips are used. These specialized chips are optimized for high efficiency and performance in energy-intensive calculations, making them particularly suitable for applications in fields such as medicine, the military, or industry.

[0149] Together, these memory and processor modules form the technical backbone of the data glasses and contribute significantly to their versatility and performance.

[0150] In one embodiment, the data glasses are specified by the fact that the data glasses include the following:

[0151] a) electrochromatic lenses that change their tint when an electrical voltage is applied, based on materials such as, in particular, tungsten oxide (WO3); b) a control module for regulating the voltage;

[0152] c) a battery for power supply; and / or

[0153] d) a Bluetooth module for controlling the tint via a mobile app.

[0154] Adjusting the glass tint in real time improves comfort under changing light conditions, e.g., when moving between indoor and outdoor areas.

[0155] It is advantageous that the tint can be controlled in real time via a mobile app, with the ability to save preset tint levels and integrate ambient light sensors for automatic adjustments. Automatic tint adjustment based on ambient light ensures optimal vision and increases user comfort.

[0156] In one embodiment, the data glasses are specified by the fact that the data glasses include sensors from the following group:

[0157] a) Gyroscope, b) 3D accelerometer,

[0158] c) Magnetometer,

[0159] d) GPS,

[0160] e) Pressure sensor, and / or

[0161] f) Light sensor.

[0162] The integration of versatile sensors expands the range of applications, such as motion tracking, navigation and environmental analysis.

[0163] The sensors in smart glasses are used to precisely track the user's movements and positions and are indispensable in fields such as navigation, sports, medical rehabilitation, and military operations. Among the most important sensors are inertial measurement units (IMUs), which combine an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer. The accelerometer measures linear accelerations and detects movements such as steps or head movements, which is particularly relevant for fitness tracking and gesture control. The gyroscope measures angular velocity, which improves orientation in virtual or augmented reality and stabilizes motion displays. The magnetometer measures orientation relative to the Earth's magnetic field and functions as a digital compass, supporting navigation.

[0164] A GPS / GLONASS / Galileo module enables precise positioning and speed measurements and is particularly helpful for outdoor activities such as hiking, sports, or military operations. Barometers or altimeters are used to measure altitude and are employed in aviation, mountaineering, or fitness programs that utilize elevation profiles. An optical flow sensor measures relative movement through the environment, for example, the user's movement relative to the ground. This technology is often used in drones but can also be used in areas with challenging GPS conditions for more accurate positioning.

[0165] Finally, position sensors enable the detection of head tilt and position, which is particularly relevant for motion tracking and gaze direction analysis in augmented reality or medical applications. They also provide an immersive experience in sports smart glasses. The combination of these sensors enables comprehensive motion tracking, improves user interaction, and creates precise environmental perception for diverse applications. In one configuration, the smart glasses are specified as including the following:

[0166] a) a lidar scanner for depth measurement;

[0167] b) Infrared sensors for motion detection; and

[0168] c) an AR / MR / VR vision system to support immersive applications.

[0169] A lidar scanner and such vision systems enhance immersive experiences, ideal for augmented and mixed reality applications (augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR)).

[0170] In one embodiment, the data glasses are specified by the fact that the data glasses include the following:

[0171] a) a UMTS / LTE / 5G / 6G module for mobile data communication;

[0172] b) a mini satellite module; and / or

[0173] c) a radio module for LoRa or Z-Wave.

[0174] Versatile communication modules ensure connectivity in a wide variety of environments, from urban to remote areas.

[0175] A UMTS / LTE / 5G / 6G module enables extremely fast data transmission with minimal latency. Especially with 5G and, in the future, 6G networks, gigabit data rates are achievable, making it ideal for data-intensive applications such as streaming, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and cloud-based computing. This allows content like high-resolution videos, interactive AR elements, and complex 3D models to be transmitted almost in real time. Thanks to mobile network standards like LTE and 5G, the glasses are independent of Wi-Fi networks. Users can enjoy stable connections even on the go, for example, when navigating, accessing cloud data, or using communication services. UMTS / LTE is available in many regions, ensuring basic coverage. With the expansion of 5G, network coverage will be further improved, particularly in urban areas. The glasses are becoming a valuable tool for industrial applications.Via 5G / 6G, it can communicate in real time with machines or databases as part of IoT (Internet of Things) systems, which is useful, for example, in maintenance, logistics, or manufacturing. The integration of 6G technology makes the glasses future-proof and ensures that they will also function seamlessly with future communication standards. Satellite communication enables data and voice connections in areas without mobile network coverage. This is particularly advantageous for users in remote regions, during outdoor activities such as hiking, sailing, or expeditions, or in disaster areas where mobile networks often fail. The satellite module allows the glasses to enable life-saving communication in emergency situations, independent of mobile networks. For example, an SOS signal or location data can be transmitted. Unlike mobile modules, a satellite module does not rely on local infrastructure.This is ideal for applications in rural or undeveloped areas.

[0176] Satellite communication transforms the glasses into a versatile device for professional applications, such as mining, rescue operations, or research. This also makes them attractive to specialized industries and institutions. Thanks to satellite systems like Starlink, Iridium, or OneWeb, the glasses can access global networks and ensure connectivity anywhere.

[0177] LoRa (Long Range) is ideal for energy-efficient communication over long distances, up to several kilometers. This enables extended use of the glasses without frequent recharging and is particularly useful for IoT applications requiring continuous data transmission, such as environmental data logging, location monitoring, or sensor data. LoRa is not intended for large data volumes but rather for specific IoT applications. It is ideally suited for transmitting smaller data sets, such as sensor data or control information, thus increasing the efficiency of the smart glasses. Z-Wave is a wireless protocol optimized for smart home applications. With a Z-Wave module, the glasses can communicate directly with and control smart devices such as lighting systems, thermostats, or security systems. This provides users with an intuitive interface for managing their smart home. Both technologies are optimized for robust connections.Z-Wave, for example, operates on a frequency that is less susceptible to interference from Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. LoRa can also ensure stable connections even under challenging conditions, such as in buildings or industrial environments. Z-Wave supports mesh networks, in which each device acts as a repeater. This significantly extends the range of the glasses within a smart home network.

[0178] The combination of these modules in smart glasses offers maximum flexibility and versatility. UMTS / LTE / 5G / 6G ensures fast connections in urban and well-developed areas. The mini-satellite module expands the possibilities to global communication applications, independent of mobile networks. LoRa or Z-Wave enable energy-efficient and specialized functions, making the glasses suitable for IoT and smart home scenarios. These technologies complement each other, making the smart glasses a universal, future-proof device that can be used in a wide variety of environments and applications.

[0179] This offers the advantage of seamless communication regardless of network coverage thanks to the satellite module, making it ideal for using the smart glasses in remote areas. The ability to use mobile data services without changing physical SIM cards increases user-friendliness. This improves the operating procedure for the smart glasses.

[0180] The satellite communication module is an active, bidirectional system that enables data exchange between the smart glasses and a communication satellite. The smart glasses can transmit voice, text, internet data, or other digital content via these satellites, processing significantly larger data volumes than GNSS / GPS. The satellite communication module connects the smart glasses independently of terrestrial networks and allows both sending and receiving signals via satellites, thus enabling true data exchange.

[0181] eSIMs enable flexible use of mobile networks worldwide without the need for a physical SIM card. This reduces dependence on physical infrastructure (e.g., SIM card swapping) and allows for seamless connectivity in urban areas. Satellite communication modules, on the other hand, offer global coverage, even in remote areas where mobile networks are inaccessible (e.g., deserts, mountains, open oceans). Combining these two technologies in a compact wearable device like smart glasses is no small feat, as it unites the strengths of both technologies: high flexibility and global reach.

[0182] While the eSIM is ideal for everyday connectivity in urban and well-covered areas, the satellite communication module enables the use of the smart glasses in emergency situations or specialized applications (e.g., rescue operations, expeditions, or industrial deployments in remote regions). This combination guarantees a seamless transition between cellular and satellite communication. When no cellular networks are available, the satellite module automatically takes over the connection, which is particularly important for safety-critical applications (e.g., military or medical applications). The smart glasses are equipped with an embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUlCC) that supports Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP).This module can receive profiles over-the-air (OTA), store and activate multiple provider profiles, and work in compatibility with SMSR / SM-DP+ (Subscription Manager Secure Routing / Data Preparation) without requiring a physical SIM slot.

[0183] The smart glasses' eSIM module supports a bootstrap mode, allowing it to load an initial bootstrap profile and automatically connect to the mobile network without user interaction. After the initial connection, additional provider profiles can be loaded. Remote SIM management functions are also provided, including Remote Profile Download (RPD), Remote Profile Deletion (RPDL), and encrypted transmission via a secure channel according to GSMA SGP.22. In the event of network loss, the smart glasses feature a fallback profile management system, enabling the activation of a local emergency SIM profile and automatic switching between profiles. These advanced features ensure the smart glasses' independent connectivity.

[0184] The smart glasses are equipped with emergency channels that enable SOS satellite messages, provide prioritized routing paths, and activate an emergency mode when terrestrial networks are unavailable. This allows the glasses to communicate reliably even under extreme conditions.

[0185] The glasses' control unit implements a dynamic routing architecture based on the quality of the available network. Connections are prioritized: Wi-Fi is used first, followed by cellular networks, and finally satellite connections. Switching between networks occurs automatically within milliseconds to ensure uninterrupted connectivity. Various bidirectional data transmission services are supported, including messaging, telemetry data, live tracking, and IoT connections.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment, the data glasses comprise the front part and two temples, a control unit, a WLAN radio module, a mobile communication module, an embedded Universal integrated Circuit Card (eSIM / eUlCC) and a satellite communication module.

[0187] The eSIM is preferably designed as a central identity and authentication unit for at least the mobile communication module and the satellite communication module. The control unit implements a self-contained communication architecture that independently establishes network connections, sends and receives data, and switches between WLAN, mobile communication, and satellite communication without an external end device. This switching is dependent on network quality and / or availability, and the smart glasses are operational without being connected to a smartphone or an external communication device.

[0188] The preferred configuration of the smart glasses specifies that the satellite communication module is authenticated, provisioned, and managed via the integrated eSIM. The eSIM is designed to store multiple communication profiles and also provides an automatic fallback profile specifically for satellite communication. This system integration makes satellite communication particularly user-friendly, as neither flexible provisioning nor automatic profile switching would be possible without the eSIM.

[0189] In its preferred configuration, the smart glasses are specified by having a control unit that implements an autonomous routing and fallback architecture. This routing logic automatically switches to satellite communication in the event of a terrestrial communication network failure, without user interaction, and automatically reverts to the terrestrial networks once they are available again. This enables the smart glasses to operate autonomously, completely eliminating dependence on external host systems or manual intervention.

[0190] The preferred configuration of the smart glasses is specified by a control unit that prioritizes the communication modules based on energy consumption, with the satellite communication module being activated only in an emergency or fallback operating state. Simultaneously, the eSIM ensures secure and continuous identity during switching between different communication networks. This combination of energy management, security architecture, and autonomous network switching addresses the specific requirements of a wearable device and achieves a robust, highly resistant system effect that combines energy efficiency, operational reliability, and self-sufficient connectivity.

[0191] In the data glasses according to the invention, satellite communication is functionally and technically coupled to the eSIM-based identity and profile management. The eSIM forms a central system component for authentication, provisioning, and management of communication connections, in particular also for the satellite communication module.

[0192] Without eSIM-based identity management, secure, automated, and cross-network operation of satellite communication is impossible. The eSIM provides, in particular, routing, authentication, fallback, and security functions necessary for the autonomous operation of the smart glasses. Satellite communication is an integral component of an eSIM-based communication architecture.

[0193] Integrating both technologies – eSIM and satellite communication module – into a small device like smart glasses presents an engineering challenge. It requires a compact design, efficient power management, and minimal weight increase to avoid compromising comfort and functionality. This technological innovation distinguishes itself from existing devices (such as smartphones or satellite phones) that typically utilize only one of the two technologies.

[0194] The smart glasses feature a control unit that coordinates multiple communication interfaces. This unit is designed to automatically switch between different transmission technologies to ensure the most reliable data transmission possible.

[0195] In particular, the control unit dynamically prioritizes available communication channels depending on network quality, available bandwidth, latency, and the power status of the smart glasses. In a preferred embodiment, automatic prioritization occurs, for example, in the order of WLAN, mobile network, and satellite communication.

[0196] If a preferred communication channel deteriorates or fails, data transmission continues seamlessly via an alternative channel without requiring user intervention. This fallback logic is particularly important for safety-critical or time-critical applications.

[0197] In a further configuration, the control unit is designed to recognize event-based states from the EEG signals. Such states can indicate, for example, an altered state of consciousness, a state of stress, or atypical neuronal activity. If such a state is detected, the control unit can automatically trigger an event-triggered communication function. For example, an EEG event classified as critical can initiate the transmission of an emergency or status signal to an external system.

[0198] This direct link between EEG evaluation and communication control creates a novel application where neuronal events directly trigger technical actions, in particular prioritized or redundant data transmission via available communication channels.

[0199] Optional modules of the smart glasses, such as cameras, augmented reality display modules or electrochromatic glass elements, are integrated into a common control logic in a preferred configuration.

[0200] This control logic is designed to use sensor data, especially EEG and environmental data, for the coordinated control of the modules. For example, the transparency of electrochromatic lenses can be adjusted depending on ambient light or user state, while AR content can be shown or hidden depending on the situation.

[0201] The joint control achieves a functional linkage of the modules that goes beyond a mere additive provision of individual components and allows for differentiation from systems with independently operating modules.

[0202] The smart glasses preferably have a security layer that protects the processing and transmission of sensitive biometric data. In one embodiment, a secure element is provided in which cryptographic keys are stored and securely processed.

[0203] Communication with external systems takes place using encrypted transmission protocols, whereby internal sensor data is also encrypted before being forwarded. This ensures protection against unauthorized access to EEG and other biometric data.

[0204] In another configuration, the smart glasses function as a gateway or relay between local IoT communication protocols and external wide area networks. Sensor data or external IoT data can, for example, be received via short-range protocols and then forwarded via cellular, Wi-Fi, or satellite connections. This gateway function enables protocol translation and bundling, allowing the smart glasses to be used as a mobile interface between wearable sensors, local networks, and external services.

[0205] For emergency applications, the control unit is designed so that detected emergency situations trigger prioritized data transmission. In such a case, available communication channels are used preferentially or addressed in parallel to achieve maximum transmission reliability.

[0206] In particular, prioritized routing paths can be activated for emergency or SOS messages, where energy consumption, costs or bandwidth are treated as secondary to transmission security.

[0207] The communication technologies and sensors are integrated in such a way as to ensure energy-efficient operation with minimal weight and maximum compactness. Good energy efficiency and low weight increase everyday usability and wearing comfort over extended periods.

[0208] The smart glasses ideally include security mechanisms such as encrypted Bluetooth transmissions, authentication protocols, and user-defined privacy settings. Enhanced security protects sensitive data and strengthens user trust in the technology.

[0209] The smart glasses preferably include a calibration system that adapts the glasses and their controls to different facial geometries and user habits. Adapting to individual face shapes ensures a better fit and increases wearing comfort.

[0210] The smart glasses feature adaptive energy management, which adjusts energy consumption depending on the use of individual modules. Furthermore, unused energy resources can be reused through energy recycling, extending battery life and optimizing overall consumption.

[0211] Thanks to its modular design, individual components such as communication modules or sensor packages can be replaced or expanded. This allows for flexible adaptation to different applications and facilitates upgrades or repairs. The smart glasses utilize advanced encryption technologies, including hardware-based data protection measures and optional blockchain-based solutions, to ensure the security of user data against unauthorized access. AES-256 encryption, a secure element module, and / or blockchain technology are employed to guarantee the security of data transmission.

[0212] The smart glasses are designed for use in extreme environments. They feature a water-, dust-, and shock-resistant construction and are particularly suitable for outdoor activities, rescue operations, military applications, or occupational safety. The smart glasses are rated IP68 for water and dust resistance and can be operated in temperatures ranging from -40°C to +70°C.

[0213] The smart glasses' software architecture is designed for efficient control of the modules and sensors. AI-powered algorithms optimize user data in real time, simplifying operation and improving overall performance. These algorithms combine sensor data to enable precise motion and location analysis. Integrated sensors include GPS, lidar, and accelerometers.

[0214] The smart glasses' open API enables seamless integration into IoT systems and smart home applications. A mobile app offers additional control options.

[0215] There are numerous ways to develop and further refine the invention. Reference is first made to the claims subordinate to claim 1. A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing and the accompanying description. The drawing shows:

[0216] Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of data glasses, whereby biometric sensors have not been shown initially for a better overview of the other components.

[0217] Fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the data glasses from Fig. 1.

[0218] The data glasses 1 consist of a front part 2 and two temples 3, 4, into which various components are integrated. The frame 2a houses, among other things, the two displays 2b, 2c, which enable the visual display. Also located in the front part 2 are two front cameras 9, 10, while the side cameras 11, 12 are integrated into the temples 3, 4 to ensure a 360-degree view. The illustrations serve only to demonstrate the approximate position of the components. Other configurations are possible.

[0219] The temples 3 and 4 also contain communication modules such as the WLAN radio module 5, the eSIM 6, the satellite communication module 7, and the Bluetooth module 8. A touchpad 22 and a control unit 21, including an on / off switch, are integrated for control and interaction. Power is supplied by the two batteries 13 and 14, which are also housed in the temples 3 and 4 and can be charged inductively or via Li-ion.

[0220] Additional components include a lidar scanner 15 for depth sensing, a light sensor 16, two speakers 17, 18 for audio playback, and a microphone 19 for recording speech and ambient sounds. The central processing unit is provided by the CPU 20. Various sensors 23, including a gyroscope, a 3D accelerometer, GPS, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, and infrared sensors, support data processing and motion tracking.

[0221] Another innovative feature is the eye tracking system 24, which consists of infrared LEDs and an infrared camera to capture eye movements and interpret them as control signals. The eye movement sensors 24 are integrated into the front panel and oriented towards the inner surface of the eye to enable precise eye tracking. This allows gaze patterns and eye gestures to be recorded and used for control.

[0222] A PPG sensor 25 is positioned on the inside of the headband 3, specifically near a temporal artery, to ensure improved signal quality. This guarantees more precise measurement of heart rate and pulse rate.

[0223] EDA sensors 26 are arranged along the inner surface of the temples 3, 4, with contact surfaces behind the earlobes for continuous measurement of electrodermal activity. This allows for uninterrupted monitoring of stress and arousal states, which is particularly useful in stressful situations.

[0224] A skin temperature sensor 27 is positioned on the inside of the upper front part 2 or frame 2a, near the center of the forehead, to enable precise temperature measurements. This position optimizes the accuracy in detecting changes in body temperature. An SpO2 sensor 28 is attached to the end of one of the temples 4 so that it is in contact with the earlobe or the surrounding scalp. This arrangement ensures continuous and reliable measurement of blood oxygen saturation.

[0225] ECG electrodes are positioned at the ends of the temples and / or near the temples to ensure stable skin contact and reliable measurements of the heart's electrical activity. This supports accurate cardiac monitoring.

[0226] In one embodiment, it is specified that the EEG sensors 30 are arranged along the upper inner frontal lobe 2, on the forehead, to precisely monitor brain activity. This enables the analysis of mental states, such as attention or relaxation.

[0227] Four EEG sensors 30 are symmetrically arranged on the data glasses 1 to enable reliable recording of brain activity. Two EEG sensors 30 are located near the forehead above the bridge of the nose, one on each side of the bridge of the nose, and two further sensors are located on the brow pad or at the upper edge of the lens frame, also symmetrically arranged. This positioning ensures uniform coverage of the anterior cortical regions, which are relevant for many applications of brain activity analysis, and simultaneously allows for stable mechanical fixation by the frame structure.

[0228] The EEG sensors 30 are designed as dry, spring-mounted electrodes that exert light, even pressure on the skin. A spring mechanism (not shown) ensures stable skin contact without gel, thus minimizing signal loss during movement or extended wear. The spring-mounted EEG sensors 30 of the smart glasses 1 are designed to guarantee stable and reproducible skin contact without the need for conventional electrode gel. Each sensor consists of a conductive electrode head, which serves as the actual contact surface with the skin, and a mechanical spring mechanism that distributes pressure evenly. The spring allows the electrodes to yield slightly, maintaining contact even with minor movements or head tilts and preventing signal loss.

[0229] The electrodes of the EEG sensors 30 are constructed with a material that shields against EMG and movement artifacts, ensuring interference-free EEG signals even during head movements or muscle activity. The mechanical integration is precisely tailored to the shape of the glasses: The EEG sensors on the nose bridge rest against the skin, with the geometry of the nose pad generating a defined contact force. The sensors on the brow pad / top of the lens utilize the natural contour of the forehead area and the geometry of the lens frame for stable skin contact. This precise coupling enables repeatable measurements with minimal artifacts.

[0230] A sweat sensor 31 is arranged on the inside of the temple 4, ensuring direct skin contact to analyze hydration or stress parameters. This extends the functionality of the smart glasses to include additional health metrics. Reference list:

[0231] 1 data glasses

[0232] 2 Front part

[0233] 2a frame

[0234] 2b Display

[0235] 2c Display

[0236] 3 hangers

[0237] 4 hangers

[0238] 5 WLAN radio module

[0239] 6 eSIM

[0240] 7 Satellite communication module

[0241] 8 Bluetooth module

[0242] 9 Front camera

[0243] 10 Front camera

[0244] 11 side cameras

[0245] 12 side cameras

[0246] 13 Battery

[0247] 14 batteries

[0248] 15 LiDAR scanners

[0249] 16 Light sensor

[0250] 17 speakers

[0251] 18 speakers

[0252] 19 microphones

[0253] 20 CPU

[0254] 21 Control unit

[0255] 22 Touchpad

[0256] 23 Additional sensors: Gyroscope, 3D accelerometer, GPS, magnetometer, pressure sensor, infrared sensor

[0257] 24 eye movement sensors (infrared LED and infrared camera)

[0258] 25 PPG sensor

[0259] 26 EDA sensors

[0260] 27 skin temperature sensor

[0261] 28 SpO2 sensor

[0262] 29 ECG electrodes

[0263] 30 EEG sensors

[0264] 31 Welding sensor

Claims

1. Patent claims:

1. Data glasses (1) with a front part (2) and two temples (3, 4), wherein the following biometric sensors are integrated into or attached to the front part (2) and / or the temples (3, 4), comprising: o a PPG sensor (25) (photoplethysmography) for monitoring heart rate and pulse rate, o an EDA sensor (26) (electrodermal activity) for measuring stress or arousal states, o a skin temperature sensor (27) for detecting changes in body temperature, o an SpO2 sensor (28) (oxygen saturation) for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation, o ECG electrodes (29) (electrocardiogram) for measuring the electrical activity of the heart, o a sensor (24) for eye movement detection and o a welding sensor (31 ) for welding analysis, characterized in that several EEG sensors (30) (electroencephalogram) are provided for monitoring brain activity, wherein at least some of the EEG sensors (30) are arranged on the front part (2).

2. Data glasses (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the EEG sensors have 30 dry, spring-mounted electrodes.

3. Data glasses (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the EDA sensors (26) are arranged along the inside of one of the temples (3, 4), with contact surfaces behind the earlobes for continuous measurement of electrodermal activity and / or the PPG sensor (25) is positioned on the inside of one of the temples (3, 4), in particular near a temporal artery.

4. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the skin temperature sensor (27) is positioned on the inside of the upper front part (2), near the center of the forehead or on a nose bridge.

5. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the SpO2 sensor (28) is attached to the end of one of the temples (3, 4) so ​​that it is in contact with the earlobe or the surrounding scalp.

6. Data glasses (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ECG electrodes (29) are positioned at the ends of the temples (3, 4) or near the temples to ensure skin contact and measurements of the electrical heart activity.

7. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the EEG sensors (30) are positioned along the upper inner front part (2) on the forehead or at the ends of the temples (3, 4) or near the temples to monitor brain activity.

8. Data glasses (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the eye movement sensors (24) are integrated in the front part and are oriented towards the inside of the eye to enable eye tracking.

9. Data glasses (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one sweat sensor (31) is arranged on the inside of one of the temples (3, 4) and ensures direct skin contact to analyze hydration or stress parameters.

10. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: a) a radio module (5) for wireless communication via WLAN (Wi-Fi); b) an eSIM (6) for direct use of mobile data services without a physical SIM card; and / or c) a satellite communications module (7) for global data and voice communication via satellites, especially for areas without mobile network coverage.

11. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a Bluetooth module (8) for wireless communication with external devices, such as smartphones or computers, for data exchange, control and synchronization.

12. Data glasses (1 ) according to one of the preceding claims comprising: a) two front cameras (9, 10), preferably each with a field of view of 90° to 120°, which together enable a coverage field of up to 180°; b) two lateral cameras (11, 12) on the brackets (3, 4) with a field of view of at least 120° each, thereby achieving a total coverage area of ​​300° to 360°.

13. Data glasses (1 ) according to claim 12, wherein the combination of cameras (8 to 11 ) enables all-round capture, which is specifically optimized for hand tracking and motion tracking in the front and side area of ​​the user.

14. Data glasses (1) comprising according to one of the preceding claims: a) Infrared LEDs and cameras for detecting eye movements and blinks; b) Algorithms for calculating gaze direction and interpreting eye movements as control signals; and c) Calibration systems for adapting to the individual eye movements of the user, and / or wherein the eye movements can be processed in real time to generate control signals for user interactions such as selection, scrolling or navigation.

15. Data glasses (1) according to any one of the preceding claims comprising at least one display technology from the following group: a) Fiber optic display (waveguide); b) Micro-LED display; c) OLED display; d) LCOS display; e) DLP display; f) Laser beam scanning display; or g) projection-based display.

16. Data glasses (1) comprising according to one of the preceding claims: a) electrochromatic lenses that change their tint when an electrical voltage is applied, based on materials such as, in particular, tungsten oxide (WO3); b) a control module for regulating the voltage; c) a battery for power supply; and d) A Bluetooth module for controlling the tint via a mobile app, preferably allowing real-time control of the tint via a mobile app, with the ability to save preset tint levels and integrate ambient light sensors for automatic adjustments.

17. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims comprising sensors from the following group: a) Gyroscope, b) 3D accelerometer, c) Magnetometer, d) GPS, e) Pressure sensor, and / or f) Light sensor.

18. Data glasses (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a) a lidar scanner for depth measurement; b) Infrared sensors for motion detection; and c) an AR / MR / VR vision system to support immersive applications.

19. Data glasses (1) comprising according to one of the preceding claims: a) a UMTS / LTE / 5G / 6G module for mobile data communication; b) a mini satellite module; and / or c) a radio module for LoRa or Z-Wave.

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