Drying reactor for drying organic or inorganic material

Abstract

A drying reactor (1) for drying organic or inorganic material. The drying reactor (1) comprises a drying chamber (C) defined by a bottom (2), walls (3), and a roof (4) made of concrete and / or steel. Material can be fed into the drying chamber (C) for processing from the region of the first end (la) of the drying reactor (1) and removed from the region of the second end (lb) of the drying reactor (1). The drying chamber (C) is elongated in the direction of advancement of the material. The drying reactor (1) comprises: an external supporting frame structure (20) of the reactor chamber (1) for stiffening and supporting the walls (3) of the drying reactor (1) from the outside against forces caused by the material, mixing means (5) arranged in the drying chamber (C) for mixing the material fed into the drying chamber in the direction of advancement of the material, heating means (6) by which the material fed into the drying chamber (C) can be heated to a drying temperature, and conveying means (8) for removing the dried material that has been transferred to the region of the second end (lb) of the drying chamber (C) from the drying chamber (C).

Description

[0001] DRYING REACTOR FOR DRYING ORGANIC OR INORGANIC MATERIAL

[0002] The invention relates to a drying reactor for drying organic or inorganic material, the drying reactor comprising a drying chamber defined by a bottom and walls and a roof made of concrete and / or steel, into which drying chamber a material for processing can be fed from a region of a first end of the drying reactor and discharged from a region of a second end of the drying reactor, the drying chamber being elongated in the direction of advancement of the material.

[0003] Waste from industry, agriculture and households is currently collected and further processed in various ways for subsequent utilization. These give rise to both inorganic and organic waste. By way of example, one form of further processing is the use of material collected from biowaste (organic waste) in the production of biogas, giving rise to the formation of digestate, which is typically mechanically separated into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction by pressing, centrifuging or filtering. Sludge or slurry containing inorganic substances is generated, for example, in the purification of industrial wastewater, which can likewise be further processed into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction.

[0004] One commonly used method is to dry the digestate or material in a drying reactor, the operation of which is based on evaporation. In this case the material is heated in order to evaporate the water contained therein. Typically, such solutions employ a plurality of successive chambers so that the constituents present in the material end up in the correct fraction.

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a durable drying reactor which is less expensive to manufacture than prior solutions, yet fast in operation, and which can be used to dry also inorganic material.

[0006] In other words, the waste ultimately results in material from which moisture is being separated. These dry fractions and liquid fractions can be used and further processed for many different purposes depending on the properties of the original waste (material), which affect the properties of the dry fractions and liquid fractions. Municipal wastewaters are treated in wastewater treatment plants, dry matter(sludge) is mechanically separated from the wastewater and treated in a biogas reactor or composted, the sludge can also be treated directly in a drying reactor according to the invention.

[0007] In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the invention is characterized by the features of the appended independent claim 1.

[0008] With the solution according to the invention, a drying reactor is achieved in which the walls and optionally the roof can be manufactured cost-effectively from concrete and / or steel. A support frame structure associated with the walls further makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the concrete or steel wall shell and / or to improve the strength of the walls. This in turn enables drying and processing in the drying chamber of even heavy material or material having a high hydrostatic pressure.

[0009] Furthermore, the solution according to the invention enables a plurality of alternatives for the placement of the heating means required for drying. Since it is possible to reduce the concrete portion of the walls (generally the wall thickness), the heating means can be arranged, in addition to or instead of on the floor, also in connection with the walls such that they do not occupy space intended for the material in the drying chamber.

[0010] Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0011] It is advantageous to provide the drying reactor according to the invention with feeding means through which the material can be fed into the drying chamber.

[0012] In particular for drying organic material, it is advantageous that the drying reactor according to the invention comprises air supply means for ensuring aerobic operation. The air supply means are nozzles arranged in connection with the mixing means and / or the air supply means are nozzles arranged in connection with the bottom and / or the walls of the drying reactor. In particular, due to the wall structure according to the invention, the placement of the nozzles is relatively simple. In this case, it is also advantageous to heat the air supplied into the drying reactor, sincethe heat contained in the air can be rapidly and efficiently transferred to the material.

[0013] In addition, the drying reactor advantageously comprises second material conveying means by which at least a portion of the dried or at least partially dried material can be transferred from the second end of the drying chamber back to the region of the first end of the drying chamber. This constitutes so-called "inoculation", by which biological activity is accelerated. The second material conveying means are preferably one or more screw conveyors, the shaft of which being arranged in the drying chamber in the direction of advancement of the material.

[0014] It is also advantageous that the drying reactor comprises removal means by which the water removed from the material and any supplied air can be discharged from the drying chamber for further processing.

[0015] It is also advantageous that the drying reactor comprises means for generating a negative pressure in the drying chamber. Preferably, the negative pressure can be generated by the removal means and / or by separate negative-pressure generating means.

[0016] In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view from above of a drying reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

[0018] Figure 2 shows cross-section II-II taken from figure 1,

[0019] Figure 3 shows the combined structure of the wall and the support frame, including an example of the arrangement of external and internal wall formwork elements,

[0020] Figure 4 shows a variation of the arrangement according to figure 3.Accordingly, shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a drying reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is denoted by reference numeral 1. Drying reactor 1 is formed to be elongated in the direction of advancement of the material to be processed therein. In this case, the drying reactor is arranged in a vertical orientation. The first end hereby constitutes the upper portion of the drying reactor and the second end its lower portion. Drying reactor 1 then comprises bottom 2 (in the region of the second end), walls 3 extending upwardly therefrom, and roof 4. These define drying chamber C in which the material is processed by means described hereinafter.

[0021] According to the invention, drying reactor 1 also comprises an external support frame structure 20 for stiffening and supporting from the outside the walls forming the drying chamber C against forces caused by the material. Both bottom 2 and walls 3 may be made of concrete or reinforced concrete. The material may also be steel. Next, preferred embodiments of walls 3 and support frame structure 20 will be described.

[0022] Here it comprises an external support frame structure 20 of a type previously known per se, of which in this embodiment and as shown in Figure 3, an individual lattice column 21 is shown as formed by two vertical columns 21a (inner column) and 21b (outer column) and diagonal beams 21c arranged therebetween.

[0023] For forming wall 3, horizontal anchoring elements 22 are attached to each inner column 21a of lattice column 21, which elements are preferably pins manufactured of metal, e.g reinforcing steel. They are arranged on the inner vertical column 21a at intervals, for example at 10-50 cm spacings, one above another over substantially the entire longitudinal length of vertical column 21a. The free ends of horizontal anchoring elements 22 thus extend a distance from vertical column 21a towards the opposite vertical columns, being preferably located at substantially the same level in the transverse direction of the reactor. The distance of the free end of horizontal anchoring elements 22 from inner vertical column 21a is preferably about 10-30 cm. However, said distance is determined such that the free ends remain within the finished wall, preferably at a distance of 3-10 cm from the inner surface of wall W.Mounting elements 23 are also arranged on the inner vertical column 21a for detachably fastening outer wall formwork elements 3a between vertical columns spaced apart from one another, in this case between two inner vertical columns 21a. Mounting elements 23 are preferably vertical flats or plates arranged on the surfaces of vertical columns 21a facing the interior of the reactor. Mounting elements 23 are arranged so as to extend on both sides of vertical column 21a in the longitudinal direction of reactor 1, preferably by a distance of about 2-10 cm. Outer surfaces 23' of the mounting elements are preferably at substantially the same level in the transverse direction of the reactor as the surfaces of inner vertical columns 21a facing the interior. Mounting elements 23 may also be lugs spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction. The outer wall formwork elements 3a thus bear at their edges against outer surfaces 23' of mounting elements 23.

[0024] Another preferred embodiment relating to mounting elements 23 is shown in Figure 4. In this embodiment, the inner vertical column 21a is formed by an HEA beam, i.e. a beam having a transverse flange between two flanges in the shape of the letter H. This forms the mounting elements arranged in connection with the above-described vertical column 21a such that one of the flanges 23 of the HEA beam constitutes the mounting element. In this case, the outer wall formwork elements 3a can be inserted between the webs formed by the flanges and further against mounting element 23 (flange).

[0025] Attachment of the outer wall formwork elements 3a belonging to formwork structure 3 can thus be readily implemented detachably between vertical columns spaced apart from one another in connection with mounting elements 23. At the same time, fastening of the inner wall formwork elements 3b belonging to formwork structure 3 can also be implemented detachably. Described next is the formation of drying reactor 1 with respect to one wall, which can be applied correspondingly in connection with the opposite wall, the end walls (in a horizontal implementation) and the roof.

[0026] First, the outer wall formwork elements 3a are installed in the direction of arrow Pl shown in Figure 3 between adjacent inner vertical columns 21a. In a corresponding manner, outer wall formwork elements 3a can be placed one above another and between successive adjacent vertical columns 21 of reactor 1 in the horizontaldirection. To facilitate placement and positioning, the outer wall formwork elements 3a, as well as the inner wall formwork elements 3b described below, are provided with edge flanges 3a' (3b') or bends. In Figure 3, the outer wall formwork elements 3a bear by their edge flanges 3a' against the side edges of the inner vertical columns 21a. Correspondingly, superposed outer wall formwork elements 3a bear against one another by their edge flanges 3a'. Edge flanges 3a' extend approximately 2.5-8 cm from the actual formwork surface, thereby forming the above-mentioned thickness of the wall formwork elements.

[0027] In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the outer wall formwork elements 3a are wedged at their edges by means of separate wedging means 23a and 23b, which are detachably installed between the flanges of the HEA beam 21a such that the outer wall formwork elements 3a bear against and / or are pressed against mounting element 23 (one flange of HEA beam 21a).

[0028] At this stage, concrete reinforcements 25 or corresponding wall reinforcements advantageously belonging to the formwork structure can be fastened to the horizontal reinforcing elements 22 in an appropriate manner. In the transverse direction of the drying reactor 1, the fastening is carried out such that the concrete reinforcements 25 are located in the space remaining between the outer wall formwork elements 3a and the inner wall formwork elements 3b to be installed as described below, which space ultimately forms wall 3 of the drying reactor. At the same time, other components of drying reactor 1 can also be installed in said space, such as heating means, which are schematically indicated in Figure 2 by reference numeral 6, as well as the air supply ducts or pipes and nozzles described hereinafter.

[0029] Thereafter, the inner wall formwork elements 3b are detachably fastened to one another at a distance from the outer wall formwork elements 3a. In this way, together with the outer formwork elements 3a they form the wall formwork structure 3, which includes the horizontal anchoring elements 22 and the required concrete reinforcement 25. The inner wall formwork elements 3b are brought in the transverse direction of the reactor against separate support members 24", one preferred embodiment of which will be described below. Each individual inner wall formwork element 3b preferably extends in the horizontal direction of reactor 1 over two verticalcolumns 21. In this case, its surface facing the outer wall formwork element 3a bears against support members 24" at the desired distance from the free ends of the horizontal anchoring elements 22 and thus also from the surface of the outer wall formwork elements 3a. This is merely an example of the arrangement of the wall formwork elements, and they may be suitably positioned relative to one another to form the formwork structure.

[0030] Each installed inner and outer wall formwork element 3a and 3b is locked to one another, preferably as the installation progresses, by means of several locking devices. The locking devices are preferably mechanical fastening means 24. In this case, the locking devices are for example formwork locks 24, the operation of which is known per se in connection with formwork casting. Here, the elongated through-rod belonging to the formwork lock is passed through the edge of the outer wall formwork element 3a, installation element 23, void space S, and the inner wall formwork element 3b. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the through-rod is offset laterally from installation element 23, in which case the through-rod does not pass through it. In both embodiments, the locking members 24' are tightened against the wall formwork elements by means of the through-rod such that the outer wall formwork element 3a is pressed at its edges against installation elements 23. The inner wall formwork element 3b is pressed into position between support members 24" arranged in connection with the through-rod (which remain on the side of the void space) and formwork lock 24. Several fastening means are arranged for each installation element 23 at a distance from one another, in this case vertically one above the other. The purpose of fastening means 24 is to ensure the structural integrity of the formwork structure against the pressure exerted on the formwork by the concrete to be cast into the space.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner wall formwork elements 3b, which bear against one another via edge flanges 3b' (see Figure 4), are fastened to one another by fastening means 3', such as mechanical fastening means forming a screw-nut joint. This further reinforces the portion of the form work formed by the inner wall formwork elements 3b against the pressure exerted by the concrete to be cast. After the formation of at least formwork structure 3 of the wall to be cast, and preferably also the formwork structure of the roof to be cast in a correspondingmanner, casting of concrete into the formwork structure can be carried out. In other words, the void space is filled with concrete, resulting in the formation of wall 3. Fibers reinforcing the structure may be added to the concrete. The roof formwork structure is only on the reactor chamber side. The roof structure of the reactor may also be a shell element or a hollow-core slab.

[0032] After the concrete has set, the outer and inner wall formwork elements 3a and 3b are released from their fastenings. Any mechanical fastening means 3' are then removed and the locking members 24' connected to the outer and inner wall formwork elements 3a and 3b are released. Any support members 24" remain embedded within the structure of wall W. Thereafter, the wall formwork elements 3a and 3b can be removed, in this case in the directions of arrows P2 and P3 shown in Figure 1, so that they are finally disengaged from fastening means 24. The ends of the through-rods of fastening means 24 may remain visible on the surface of the finished wall W. These can be cut flush with the surface of wall W and, if necessary, covered. In this case, the portion of the through-rod remaining inside wall W serves to reinforce the structure of the finished wall W.

[0033] The detached wall formwork elements 3a and 3b can thereafter be reused in the manufacture of another reactor. The outer and inner wall formwork elements 3a and 3b may optionally be left in place, in which case the above-described release of the fastenings is not carried out. In that case, the formwork elements may be installed in the opposite orientation such that edge flanges 3a' and 3b' extend towards the wall to be cast (the void space remaining between the wall elements). Edge flanges 3a' and 3b' then remain embedded in the concrete of the finished wall to reinforce the completed wall structure.

[0034] Accordingly, the resulting structure possesses such strength that the width (wall thickness) of the finished wall is significantly smaller than that of walls according to the prior art, thus being approximately 30-50 cm, as mentioned above. In the horizontal implementation, walls 3 refer to the side walls and end walls.

[0035] This disclosed external support frame structure of the reactor chamber may also be adapted in other ways into connection with wall 3. Examples of implementations canbe found, for example, in patents US 11 697 789 B2 and FI 130581, according to which the support frame structure may be formed as part of walls 3 of the drying reactor in accordance with the invention.

[0036] Drying reactor 1 according to the invention also comprises mixing means 5 arranged in drying chamber C. By means of mixing means 5, the material fed into drying chamber C by feeding means 7 can be mixed over a desired distance the direction of advancement of the material. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, mixing means 5 are shafts 5a supported on opposite walls 3 of the drying reactor and arranged transversely in drying chamber C one above the other and / or side by side, the outer surfaces of said shafts being provided with mixing blades 5b extending radially outward. Each shaft is provided with blades 5b such that the blades cover the space of drying chamber C to mix and convey the material efficiently. The mixing means may also be screw mixers.

[0037] The mixing means are preferably supported on the external support frame structure. By means of the mixing means, the material can be mixed to promote the drying operation and also conveyed. In a vertically arranged drying reactor 1, gravity naturally facilitates the transfer of material from the first end located in the upper part of the drying reactor to the second end located in the lower part. The support of mixing means 5 on the external support frame structure 20 contributes to enabling a lightweight construction of the drying reactor, since the loads of the mixing means (e.g. drive units) are not only applied solely to walls 3 of drying reactor 1, but also to the external support frame structure 20.

[0038] Drying reactor 1 according to the invention also comprises heating means 6 arranged in connection with the bottom and / or the walls of the drying reactor such that the material fed into the drying chamber can be heated to the drying temperature. In Figure 2, heating means 6 are arranged in connection with walls 3 of drying reactor 1. Heating means 6 may be arranged on the inner surfaces of walls 3 (or floor 2) or, as described above, embedded within wall 3 during the formation of wall 3. Heating means 6 may comprise, for example, electrical resistors, radiators, or pipes for circulating warm water or another warm fluid, such as air, within drying chamber C or for feeding it to drying chamber C.Furthermore, drying reactor 1 according to the invention comprises conveying means 8 arranged, in the direction of advancement of the material, in the region of the second end of drying chamber C for removing the dried material that has been transferred from drying chamber C to the second end region of drying chamber C. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, conveying means 8 comprise one or more screw conveyors arranged in the vicinity of bottom 4 of the drying chamber, the longitudinal axis 8a of each screw conveyor being oriented transversely with respect to the longitudinal direction of drying chamber C. Accordingly, the dried material that has been transferred to the bottom of drying chamber C, i.e. in this case to the region of the second end, can be conveyed out of drying chamber C for further processing. Instead of screw conveyor 8, other types of conveying means may be used for conveying the material out, such as belt conveyors, pushing devices, or blowing or suction devices.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first end of drying reactor 1 is provided with feeding means 7 through which the material can be fed into drying chamber C. Such feeding means 7 may simply comprise an opening (not shown) located in the region of the first end of the drying reactor, in this case in roof 4, through which the material is introduced, for example via one or more feed pipes or along a conveyor, or the material may be supplied directly from a truck or by means of the bucket or loader of a truck or similar work machine.

[0040] If the drying reactor is intended for drying organic material, such as digestate, feeding means 7 may be the pipes shown in the figure, or a corresponding feed channel. Such a drying reactor may thus be directly connected, for example, to the discharge means of a biogas plant, so that the digestate discharged from the biogas plant by means of its discharge pump can be fed further through feeding means 7 shown in Figure 2, i.e. through pipes, into drying chamber C. It is therefore advantageous to place such a drying reactor in the vicinity of biogas plants as part of the process for drying digestate or similar organic material. Naturally, pipes or channels may also be employed in connection with feeding of inorganic material.The drying reactor may also comprise a feed container and a feeding device from which new microbes are automatically supplied in order to maintain biological activity. The feeding equipment and the feed container may be connected to the second conveying means 10 described below.

[0041] In general, the drying reactor according to the invention is particularly suited for processing material having a dry matter content of 10-40%. Naturally, the material fed into drying reactor 1 can be pre-dried prior to being fed into the drying reactor in order to achieve a dry matter content suitable for the drying reactor according to the invention and / or to accelerate the drying reaction. The pre-drying process or, in addition to the reactor according to the invention, a drying process may be applied that is biological or based on mechanical evaporation.

[0042] Preferably, drying reactor 1 comprises second material conveying means 10 by means of which at least a portion of the dried or at least partially dried material can be transferred from the region of the second end of drying chamber C back to the region of the first end of drying chamber C. This so-called "inoculation" is particularly useful in connection with the drying of organic material in order to enable and accelerate biological processes. Second material conveying means 10 preferably comprise one or more screw conveyors whose longitudinal axis 8a is arranged in the longitudinal direction of drying chamber C, i.e. in this case vertically.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying reactor comprises air supply means 11. Air supply means 11 preferably comprise nozzles lib arranged in connection with mixing means 5 and / or the air supply means comprise nozzles arranged in connection with the bottom and / or the walls of the reactor. Figure 2 shows an arrangement in which air supply channels 11 are arranged in shaft 5a of mixing means 5 (shown in Figure 2 in one shaft), into which air can be supplied under pressure, for example by means of a pump or compressor. Through the air supply channels 11 arranged in shaft 5a, the air can be further supplied via branch channels 11a provided in shaft 5a and further through nozzles lib into drying chamber C, where it is mixed with the material to be dried. Nozzles lib may also be arranged in blades 5b, whereby mixing becomes even more efficient. Acorresponding arrangement may also be applied such that nozzles lib are arranged in walls 3 and / or bottom 4.

[0044] The supplied air can also be introduced into drying chamber C in a heated state. In this case, air supply means 11 are provided with additional heating means lid. In this way, a more uniform heating of the material to be dried is achieved than by using heating means 6 alone.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, drying reactor 1 comprises removal means 9 by means of which at least the water removed or evaporated from the material due to heating, and optionally the air supplied by the air supply means 11 (completely or partially), can be removed from drying chamber C. Removal means 9 comprise one or more discharge pipes 9 or channels arranged on roof 4 of drying reactor 1. The discharge pipe is provided with pump 9a, by means of which a vacuum is created in drying chamber C, whereby the air contained in the water (vapor) is discharged through discharge pipe 9 or channel for further processing. By means of these removal means 9, it is possible to create in drying chamber C, for example by appropriate dimensioning of the pump, such a vacuum that the evaporation temperature of water (or any other liquid) is lowered. Consequently, water can be separated from the material at a lower temperature. The means for creating the vacuum may also be separate devices intended specifically for generating negative pressure, separately from the removal means.

[0046] The drying reactor according to the invention may be selected to have any desired external dimensions and shapes. In practice, however, suitable conditions in drying chamber C are typically achieved with a rectangular shape (as shown in Figures 1 and 2) or a cylindrical shape. By way of example, a rectangular drying reactor may have dimensions of 2-10 m for the sides, with the sides being of equal length, and a height of 2-15 m. Depending on the application, the reactor may be 2-10 m wide and 2-15 m high.

[0047] Preferably, concrete is poured into the filling space or casing between the jacket elements (and, if necessary, reinforcements such as rebar are added and / or reinforcing fibers are added to the concrete); however, instead of concrete, anothermaterial having sufficient strength may be used. The thickness of the finished wall jacket after removal of the wall formwork elements is 30-50 cm.

[0048] Instead of the wall structure described above, prefabricated wall elements made of steel may also be used. Such wall elements may be produced in modular dimensions, enabling them to be assembled on site into a finished wall. Examples of such wall elements are described, for instance, in patent publication US11697789B2.

[0049] Instead of steel, the external supporting frame structure may be made, for exam-pie, of composite material, concrete, or another material having sufficient rigidity.

[0050] It can be mentioned separately that, in the drying reactor described above, the material moves essentially in the vertical direction of the drying reactor. The drying reactor may also be arranged horizontally, in which case floor 2 (and the roof) of the above-described embodiment is a vertical wall (like the other walls), constituting one end of the reactor, and the material moves horizontally or substantially horizontally. Thus, the term "floor" does not limit its placement. In such a case, the floor may have a structure corresponding to that of the walls.

Claims

Claims1. Drying reactor (1) for drying organic or inorganic material, the drying reactor (1) comprising a drying chamber (C) defined by a bottom (2) and walls (3) and a roof (4) made of concrete and / or steel, into which drying chamber (C) a material for processing can be fed from a region of a first end (la) of the drying reactor (1) and discharged from a region of a second end (lb) of the drying reactor (1), and which drying chamber (C) is elongated in the direction of advancement of the material, characterized in that for processing of the material, the drying reactor (1) comprises:- an external support frame structure (20) of the reaction chamber (1) for stiffening and supporting from the outside the walls (3) of the drying reactor (1) against forces caused by the material,- mixing means (5) arranged in the drying chamber (C), by means of which the material fed into the drying chamber can be mixed over a desired distance the direction of advancement of the material,- heating means (6) arranged in connection with the bottom (2) and / or walls (3) of the drying reactor such that the material fed into the drying chamber (C) can be heated to the drying temperature, and- conveying means (8) arranged, in the direction of advancement of the material, in the region of the second end (lb) of the drying chamber (C) for removing the dried material that has been transferred from drying chamber (C) to the region of the second end (lb) of the drying chamber (C),- air supply means (11), which are air supply channels (11) and branch channels (11a) through which the air can be supplied through the nozzles (lib) provided in the shaft (5b) into the drying chamber (C), and- second material conveying means (10) which are preferably one or more screw conveyors (10), the shaft (10a) of which being arranged in the drying chamber (C) in its longitudinal direction and by means of which at least a portion of the dried or at least partially dried material can be transferred from the region of the second end (lb) of drying reactor (1) back to the region of the first end (la) of the drying chamber (1) for inoculation.

2. Drying reactor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first end (la) of the drying reactor (1) is provided with feeding means (7) through which the material can be fed into the drying chamber (C).

3. Drying reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air supply means comprise nozzles (lib) arranged in connection with the bottom (4) and / or walls (3) of the drying reactor (1).

4. Drying reactor according to any one of the preceding claims 1-3, characterized in that the supply means (11) are provided with second heating means (lid), by which the supplied air can be introduced into drying chamber (C) in a heated state.

5. Drying reactor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-4, characterized in that the conveying means (8) are one or more screw conveyors, the shaft (a) of which being arranged in the drying chamber (C) the transverse direction thereof.

6. Drying reactor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-5, characterized in that the drying reactor (1) comprises removal means (9), by means of which the water removed from the material due to heating can be removed from the drying chamber (C).

7. Drying reactor (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the removal means (9) comprise vacuum means (9a) for generating a negative pressure in the drying chamber (C).

8. Drying reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises vacuum means (9a) for generating such a negative pressure in the drying chamber (C) that the evaporation temperature of the water to be removed from the material is lowered.

9. Drying reactor according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that in order to form the support frame structure (20):- the support frame structure is provided with a plurality of vertical columns (21) arranged at a distance from each other in connection with the walls of the reactor (1), and with a plurality of horizontal anchoring elements (22), to which the wall reinforcement bars (25) are fixed,- the outer wall formwork elements (3a) are detachably attached to each other at a distance from the outer wall formwork elements (3a) to form together with the outer wall formwork elements (3a) a wall formwork structure (3) comprising horizontal anchoring elements (22) and having a filling space, into which concrete has been cast, whereby dried concrete forms the wall (1) of the reaction chamber (3) after the outer and inner wall formwork elements (3a, 3b) have been detached from their attachments.

10. Drying reactor (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the inner wall formwork elements (3b) are arranged at a distance from the plane formed by the free ends of the horizontal anchoring elements (22).

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