Smart footwear

Abstract

There is provided an apparatus (1, 101) for a wearable (2, 103) configured for wearing on a foot, the apparatus comprising: a controller (23, 128); a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot (24, 124); and a feedback device (26, 126) configured to output feedback to the wearer, wherein the controller is configured to: receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; and cause the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal.

Description

[0001] Footwear

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to apparatuses for wearables for wearing on a foot, in particular in relation apparatuses that provide feedback to a wearer as they walk, as well as to a related method and kit of parts.

[0004] Background to the invention

[0005] It is known to provide insoles to help to support a wearer’s foot and to help to position it in the correct way when walking and standing. Such insoles do not provide any feedback to the wearer and are instead passive, simply providing cushioning and support.

[0006] Meanwhile, many children exhibit “tiptoe walking” or “toe walking”, a walking pattern in which the heel does not contact the ground. Where the heel is fully lowered to the ground this is referred to as “heel strike”. While many children grow out of tiptoe walking over time, this can be particularly challenging for some children with autism.

[0007] Persistent tiptoe walking is believed cause short or tight tendons and other biomechanical changes. Stetches and exercises to encourage a subject away fromtiptoe walking and to lengthen the tendons are available, however these interventions are not always successful, particularly where children do not understand the instructions or are resistant to taking part in the exercises and stretches. In such cases, further interventions such as the use of leg braces or casts are required, and in some cases even surgery, is needed.

[0008] It is in this context that the present inventions have been devised.

[0009] Summary of the invention

[0010] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for a wearable configured for wearing on a foot. The apparatus comprises: a controller; a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot; and a feedback device configured to output feedback to the wearer. The controller is configured to: receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; and cause the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal (e.g. when the received position signal is indicative of the foot being in a lowered position).

[0011] According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of use of an apparatus for a wearable configured for wearing on a foot, when the wearable is worn on a foot, the apparatus comprising: a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot; and a feedback device configured to output feedback to the wearer (e.g. in dependence on the detected position of each foot). The method comprises: receiving a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; and causing the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal (e.g. when the received position signal is indicative of the foot being in a lowered position).

[0012] The apparatus and method as described above is particularly effective for helping a user to notice and to understand when they are correctly positioning their foot on the ground, for example when the foot is bearing at least some of the weight of the wearer, such as when mobilising (e.g. walking, jogging, running, exercising, etc), and / or when standing. As the apparatus is for a wearable that is worn on the foot and includes a foot position sensor, the detection of the position of the foot is accurate and reliableand, in turn, the feedback can be accurately and reliably supplied. As feedback is provided directly to the user, the requirement for a third-party assessor (e.g. a personal trainer) is removed or reduced.

[0013] The apparatus may comprise a (e.g. the) wearable. The wearable may comprise (e.g. house) the foot position sensor. The wearable may comprise (e.g. house) the feedback device. The wearable may comprise (e.g. house) the controller. The wearable may be an item of footwear. The wearable may be an insert (e.g. an insole) sized and shaped to fit within and be retained by an item of footwear (e.g. a shoe, a sock). Items of footwear are suitable for wearing on a foot. Inserts (e.g. insoles) sized and shaped to fit within and be retained by an item of footwear are suitable for wearing on a foot. The apparatus (e.g. the feedback device) may be configured to output (and the method may comprise outputting) feedback to the foot of a wearer. The wearable may be provided on the foot of a wearer.

[0014] Where the apparatus comprises the wearable and the wearable comprises the foot position sensor and the feedback device, a particularly convenient and compact arrangement for the apparatus is achieved. In particular, where the wearable includes the foot position sensor this allows for the position of the foot to be determined as directly as possible.

[0015] The apparatus may comprise an item of footwear. The wearable may comprise (e.g. be) an item of footwear. The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may comprise a sock. The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may comprise a sleeve (optionally an open-toed sock). The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may comprise a shoe. The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may comprise a training shoe (e.g. a trainer, a running shoe, a plimsole, etc).

[0016] Wearables including sleeves, socks, inserts (e.g. insoles), shoes, and / or trainers are familiar to wearers and are comfortable and easy to use. Sleeves and socks provide the further advantage of being easily washable, thus improving hygiene. Where provided inserts (e.g. insoles) may comprise wipe-clean housings, and are therefore also hygienic.The apparatus may comprise a pair of wearables, e.g. a pair of socks, a pair of sleeves, a pair of shoes, a pair of training shoes, etc. However, this is not required, and in some embodiments it may be that only one wearable is provided. The apparatus may comprise a foot position sensor per wearable (for example, one foot position sensor for each wearable in a pair of wearables, each configured to detect the position of a respective foot). The apparatus may comprise a feedback device per wearable (for example, one feedback device for each wearable in a pair of wearables). The apparatus may comprise a controller per wearable. Alternatively, a single (e.g. precisely one) controller may be provided and the controller may be configured to receive position signals from the or each foot position sensor and to cause the or each feedback device to output feedback to the wearer (e.g. the foot, optionally the heel) in dependence on the received position signal(s). The controller may be configured to cause each feedback device to output feedback independently from the or each other feedback device.

[0017] The position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the location of the foot. The position of the foot may comprise the orientation of the foot (for example the angle formed between the toe and the heel with respect to the ground, and / or the angle formed between the inner edge of the sole and the outer edge of the sole with respect to the ground and / or the angle formed by the inner edge of the sole of one foot to that of the other foot). The position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the position of a part of the foot, optionally relative to another part of the foot. For example, the position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the position of the heel of the foot relative to the ball of the foot. The location of the foot (optionally the location of part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may comprise the position of the heel relative to the wearable. The position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the location of the heel. The position of the foot may comprise the location of the ball of the foot. The position of the foot may comprise the location of the or each toe of the foot. The position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the position of the foot relative to the ground. The position of the foot may comprise (e.g. be) the position of the foot relative to one or more portions of the wearable).

[0018] The position of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may comprise the height of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) relative to the ground. The position of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may comprise the height of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) relative to the wearable. Theposition of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may comprise the height of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) relative to the foot position sensor. The position of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may be a position comprising (e.g. expressed in) x, y, z coordinates (i.e. two horizontal and one vertical axes). The position of the foot (optionally a part of the foot, e.g. the heel) may comprise rotational information. The apparatus may comprise an accelerometer. The apparatus may comprise a gyroscope.

[0019] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to receive a first foot position signal indicative of a detected position of a first foot. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to receive a second foot position signal indicative of a detected position of a second foot. The method may comprise receiving a first foot position signal indicative of a detected position of a first foot from a first foot position sensor. The method may comprise receiving a second foot position signal indicative of a detected position of a second foot from a second foot position sensor. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause a first feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the first and / or second received position signal(s). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause a second feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the first and / or second received position signal(s). The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the first and / or second received position signal(s).

[0020] This is particularly helpful where a user has inconsistencies between the way in which they position one foot and the way in which they position the other foot, e.g. while walking or standing. By providing a pair of wearables (e.g. and a pair of foot position sensors and / or a pair of feedback devices) it is easier for a user to understand when they are correctly positioning both of their feet on the ground when walking and standing, and when (e.g. only) one foot is being positioned incorrectly, for example.

[0021] The foot position sensor may be configured to detect (e.g. determine, optionally to determine an estimate of), and the method may comprise detecting, the position of the foot (e.g. the heel). The foot position sensor may be configured to output, and the method may comprise outputting, a signal indicative of (e.g. an estimate of) the position of the foot (e.g. the heel). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured tocause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive of the foot (e.g. the heel) being in a lowered position. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output no feedback (optionally to stop outputting feedback) when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive of the foot (e.g. the heel) being in a raised position. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive that the wearer is not on their tiptoes (e.g. because they are putting weight on their heel, or because the heel is in a lowered position). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output no feedback (optionally to stop outputting feedback) when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive that the wearer is putting no weight on their heel (e.g. because their heel is in a raised position, e.g. because the are on their tiptoes). Alternatively, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive of the foot (e.g. the heel) being in a raised position and to output no feedback (optionally to stop outputting feedback) when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive of the foot (e.g. the heel) being in a lowered position.

[0022] A lowered position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. the heel) is in contact with the ground (optionally via the wearable). A lowered position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. the heel) is pressed (e.g. partially) into the wearable (e.g. part of the wearable beneath the sole, for example the support, insole, and / or insert, etc. of the wearable). For example, the wearable may comprise a resiliently deformable support (e.g. configured to be positioned beneath the sole of the foot of the wearer in use) having a thickness. A lowered position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. the heel) applies sufficient pressure to the support that the thickness of the support is reduced (optionally locally at the location where pressure is applied) when compared to the thickness of the support when the foot is in a raised position. A raised position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. the heel) is not contact with the ground (optionally via the wearable). For example, a lowered position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. heel) is no more than 2 mm from the support (e.g. the normal position of the upper surface of the support, e.g. when no pressure is applied to thesupport by the foot), e.g. no more than 1 mm, e.g. no more than 0.5 mm, optionally less than 0.5 mm. A raised position may be a position wherein the foot (e.g. the heel is at least 3 mm above the upper surface of the support, e.g. at least 5 mm.

[0023] The apparatus may (e.g. further) comprise an insert (e.g. an insole). The insert (e.g. insole) may be configured (e.g. sized and shaped) to fit within a wearable, for example a sock, a sleeve, or more typically a shoe (e.g. a trainer). The insert (e.g. the insole) may be a wearable. The insert (e.g. insole) may be configured to retain (e.g. house) the foot position sensor. The insert (e.g. insole) may retain (e.g. house) the foot position sensor. The insert (e.g. insole) may be configured to retain (e.g. house) the feedback device. The insert (e.g. insole) may retain (e.g. house) the feedback device. The insert (e.g. insole) may be configured to retain (e.g. house) the controller. The insert (e.g. insole) may retain (e.g. house) the controller. For example, the insert may have a chamber defined therein and the foot position sensor may be housed within the chamber. The insert may have a chamber defined therein and the feedback device may be housed within the chamber. The insert may have a chamber defined therein and the controller may be housed within the chamber. The wearable may be configured to house the insert. For example, the wearable may comprise a pocket sized and shaped to receive and retain the insert (e.g. insole). The wearable may have a chamber defined therein and the insert may be housed or housable within the chamber. The insert may be configured to fit within the wearable. The insert may be configured to cooperate with the wearable. The insert may be configured to be retained by the wearable. Alternatively, the wearable may comprise (e.g. be) an item of footwear (e.g. a shoe, sock, sleeve, etc) and the item of footwear may be retain the insert (e.g. insole). The insole may be an orthotic.

[0024] Where the apparatus comprises an insert (e.g. an insole), the insert (e.g. insole) may comprise the foot position sensor. The insert (e.g. insole) may comprise the feedback device. The insert (e.g. insole) may comprise the controller. It will be understood that an insole may be a wearable for wearing on a foot, optionally in combination with an item of footwear.

[0025] The provision of an insert comprising the feedback device and / or the foot position sensor is helpful as this allows a convenient way for providing the feedback device and / or foot position sensor within an existing item of footwear. As such, the inventioncan be provided without the need for an additional item of footwear beyond that already possessed by the user. This reduces material costs, and allows for the apparatus to be used with different items of footwear. It also means that the insert (e.g. insole) can conveniently be removed, cleaned, and replaced (e.g. back into the same item of footwear or optionally into a different item of footwear) without damage to the item of footwear.

[0026] The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may configured such that the feedback device is positioned beneath a heel of the wearer in use. The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may be configured such that the foot position sensor is positioned beneath the heel of the wearer in use. The apparatus (e.g. the wearable) may be configured such that the feedback device supplies feedback to the foot (optionally the heel) in use.

[0027] The inventor has surprisingly found that positioning the feedback device beneath the heel of the wearer is particularly effective, even above positioning the feedback device elsewhere in relation to parts of the foot. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it may be that this is in part due to the motions of the foot while walking. In particular, where users are to be dissuaded from tiptoe walking, the heel is only lowered where the correct walking motions are taking place. Accordingly, the apparatus may be configured (and the method may be applied) such that feedback is only output where the heel is lowered, i.e. where the correct walking motions are being carried out, and feedback is thus positive feedback.

[0028] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer when the received position signal is indicative of the foot being lowered to the ground. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer when the received position signal is indicative of the heel being lowered to the ground, optionally with the heel being completely lowered to the ground e.g. being brought into contact with the ground (e.g. indirectly, e.g. through the wearable and / or insert). It will be understood that where a heel is referred to as being lowered to the ground this includes cases where the heel is not in direct contact with the ground, for example where the foot is in an item of footwear (e.g. a shoe, sock, sleeve, etc.) and the heel is contacting the ground through the said item of footwear.The feedback device may comprise a haptic feedback device. The haptic feedback device is typically configured to output haptic feedback to the wearer. The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output haptic feedback to the wearer (e.g. in dependence on the or each received position signal).

[0029] Haptic feedback is particularly helpful because the feedback is typically not directly noticeable to anyone other than the person receiving it, because it is experienced by touch (as opposed to, for example, feedback provided in the form of sound, which could be heard by others, or in the form of light, which could be seen by others). This therefore reduces distractions caused by the apparatus and method.

[0030] The feedback device may be configured to output (e.g. haptic) feedback in the form of (e.g. a) vibration(s). The feedback device may comprise (e.g. be) an actuator, e.g. an actuator configured to output vibrations. The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output (e.g. haptic) feedback to the wearer in the form of (e.g. a) vibration(s), (e.g. in dependence on the or each received position signal). The feedback device may be configured to output feedback in the form of stochastic vibrations. Alternatively, the feedback device may be configured to output feedback in the form of deterministic vibrations. The feedback device is typically configured to output feedback in the form of vibrations (e.g. of an amplitude and frequency) that are detectable to the wearer. For example, the feedback device may be configured to output vibrations having a peak frequency in the range of 1 Hz to 1,500 Hz, e.g. 1 Hz to 1,000 Hz, e.g. 5 Hz to 200 Hz, e.g. 10 Hz to 100 Hz, e.g. 15 Hz to 80 Hz, optionally a peak frequency of 50 Hz. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust the frequency of output vibrations, e.g. in dependence on a user command (optionally a user command input via a user interface). The feedback device may be configured to output vibrations having an amplitude in the range of 0.05 G to 5 G, e.g.

[0031] 0.1 G to 2 G, e.g. 0.25 G to 1.5 G. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust the amplitude of output vibrations, e.g. in dependence on a user command (optionally a user command input via a user interface).

[0032] The inventor has found that feedback in the form of vibrations is particularly effective as a form of feedback to encourage wearers away from tiptoe walking. In particular, it has been found that children who have autism and who tend to tiptoe walk enjoy thesensation of vibrations, making them more likely to bring the heel down to meet the ground (so-called “heel strike”) when walking, if this kind of feedback is provided. Further, application of vibration is understood to improve muscle tone.

[0033] The feedback device may be configured to output feedback in the form of (e.g. a) sound(s). The feedback device may be configured to output feedback in the form of (e.g. a) light(s). The apparatus may comprise a sound-emitter (e.g. a transducer, a sounder, a buzzer, etc). The apparatus may comprise a light-emitter (e.g. an LED, a bulb, etc.). The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output feedback in the form of (e.g. a) sound(s) to the wearer (e.g. in dependence on the or each received position signal). The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output feedback in the form of (e.g. a) light(s) to the wearer (e.g. in dependence on the or each received position signal).

[0034] While haptic feedback and vibrations may be suitable in some cases and preferred by some users, in other cases and for other users, sound and / or light-based feedback may be more suitable in other cases. The feedback device may be configured to output feedback including one or more forms of feedback. For example, the feedback device may be configured to output haptic feedback (e.g. a vibration) and / or feedback in the form of (e.g. a) sound(s) and / or feedback in the form of (e.g. a) light(s) being illuminated. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of feedback devices. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of foot position sensors. The or each feedback device may (e.g. each) be configured to output (and the method may comprise outputting) feedback in one or more forms, e.g. one or more forms including haptic feedback, sound feedback, light feedback, etc.

[0035] The foot position sensor may comprise (e.g. be) a pressure sensor. The foot position sensor may comprise a force sense resistor. The foot position sensor may comprise an accelerometer. Where the foot position sensor is provided in the form of a pressure sensor, it is typically located such that pressure will be applied to the pressure sensor by the foot, while a wearer is walking or standing (e.g. it may be located in a position that will be beneath the foot in use). In this sense, the pressure sensor acts as a foot position sensor in that pressure signals output by the pressure sensor may be used to determine whether the foot has been lowered (e.g. to or towards the ground, via the pressure sensor, thereby applying pressure to the pressure sensor) or lifted (e.g. awayfrom the ground and the pressure sensor, thereby reducing or removing pressure from the pressure sensor). The pressure sensor may comprise a piezoelectric detector (e.g. a piezoelectric transducer). For example, the pressure sensor may comprise a piezoelectric element configured to output an electrical signal (e.g. charge) in response to an applied pressure.

[0036] The pressure sensor may comprise a pressure sensor configured to detect the position of the heel of the foot. The position signal may be indicative of a detected pressure applied by the heel of the foot (e.g. pressure applied to the pressure sensor). The method may comprise receiving a position signal indicative of a detected position of the heel of the foot (e.g. from the position sensor, e.g. from the pressure sensor). It will be understood that pressure applied by the heel of the foot (e.g. pressure applied to the pressure sensor) may include (e.g. be) pressure applied by the heel of the foot through part of the apparatus, e.g. through a sock, an insole, etc. In other words, it is not necessary for the heel to directly contact the pressure sensor in order to apply pressure to the pressure sensor. It may be that the heel contacts an insole in a wearable, wherein the insole houses the pressure sensor, and pressure thereby applied to the insole is transferred to the pressure sensor, which detects said pressure.

[0037] Further, where references are made to the foot (e.g. the heel) contacting the floor, this may be contact made through a wearable. In a non-limiting example, where the wearable is a shoe, if the heel of the shoe is brought into contact with the ground, this should by extension be understood as the heel of the foot being brought into contact with the ground.

[0038] This is a particularly effective way of detecting the position of the foot and particularly the position of the heel of the foot, as it allows a direct method of doing so. This is especially helpful where the intention is to encourage a wearer away from tiptoe walking.

[0039] The foot position signal may be a signal indicative of the position of the foot (optionally heel) of the wearer. The controller may be configured to determine (and the method may comprise determining) an estimate of the position of the foot (optionally heel) of the wearer in dependence on the received foot position signal. The controller may be configured to determine (and the method may comprise determining) an estimate ofwhether the foot (optionally heel) of the wearer is in a relatively lower (e.g. lowered) position ora relatively higher (e.g. raised) position, in dependence on the received foot position signal. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback when the foot position signal is indicative of a lowered foot (e.g. a lowered heel, for example a foot or a heel in a position wherein it applies pressure to a pressure sensor). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output no feedback when the foot position signal is indicative of a raised foot (e.g. a raised heel, optionally a foot or heel in a position wherein it does not apply pressure to a pressure sensor). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to stop outputting feedback when the foot position signal is indicative of a raised foot (e.g. a raised heel, optionally a foot or heel in a position wherein it does not apply pressure to a pressure sensor).

[0040] The foot position sensor may be configured to contact the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) in use, e.g. when the foot (optionally heel) is lowered. The feedback device may be configured to contact the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) in use, e.g. when the foot (optionally heel) is lowered. In this context, contact will be understood to include contact that takes place through a part of the apparatus, such as a part of an insole or insert, a part of (e.g. a layer of fabric of) a sock or a sleeve or a part of (e.g. a part of a sole or insole of) a shoe.

[0041] The feedback device may be configured to output feedback in one or more feedback modes (optionally at least two feedback modes). The one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting one or more degrees of feedback (e.g. a greater degree of feedback and a lesser degree of feedback). The one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting feedback of one or more intensities (e.g. a greater intensity and a lesser intensity). The one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting feedback according to one or more patterns. The one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting feedback for one or more durations (e.g. a longer duration and a shorter duration). The one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting feedback in one or more locations (e.g. directing feedback to one or more regions of the foot).The feedback device may be configured to output one or more degrees of feedback. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause, and the method may comprise causing, the feedback device to output one or more degrees of feedback. The one or more degrees of feedback may comprise a first degree of feedback and a second degree of feedback.

[0042] The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback for a predetermined (e.g. output) period, e.g. following the receipt of a position signal indicative of a foot (optionally heel) in a lowered position. The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to stop outputting feedback (e.g. to output no feedback) after the predetermined (e.g. output) period has elapsed, e.g. until the receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a raised position and the subsequent receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a lowered position. The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a reduced degree of feedback (e.g. to feedback of a reduced amplitude or intensity) after the predetermined (e.g. output) period has elapsed, e.g. until the receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a raised position and the subsequent receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a raised position. The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a feedback in pulses, (e.g. in a pulsed output mode, e.g. to alternately output feedback and then output less feedback, optionally no feedback) after the predetermined (e.g. output) period has elapsed, e.g. until the receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a raised position and the subsequent receipt of a position signal indicative of the foot (optionally the heel) in a lowered position. For example, the predetermined (e.g. output) period may be at least 10 seconds, e.g. at least 30 seconds, e.g. at least 60 seconds, e.g. at least 2 minutes, e.g. at least 5 minutes typically less than 20 minutes, e.g. less than 10 minutes, e.g. less than 6 minutes.

[0043] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback for the duration of a step (e.g. and to then stop outputting feedback e.g. at least until the foot position signal isindicative of a subsequent step having been taken). Alternatively, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback for a predetermined maximum press duration (e.g. and then to stop outputting feedback, e.g. at least until the foot position signal is indicative of a subsequent step having been taken). For example, the predetermined maximum press duration may be less than 10 seconds, e.g. less than 8 seconds, typically more than 1 second.

[0044] The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback following the receipt of a position signal indicative of a foot (optionally heel) in a lowered position, following a wait period. For example, the wait period may be at least 0.2 seconds, e.g. at least 0.5 seconds, e.g. at least 1 second, e.g. at least 2 seconds. The wait period will typically be less than 15 seconds, e.g. less than 10 seconds, e.g. less than 5 seconds.

[0045] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to determine (and the method may comprise determining) an estimate of the (e.g. total) period for which the wearable has been worn on the foot. For example, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to determine the total period for which a signal indicative of a foot (optionally heel) in a lowered position has been received, and to use this information to estimate the (e.g. total) period for which the wearable has been worn on the foot. The wait period may be determined in dependence on the estimate of the (e.g. total) time for which the wearable has been worn on the foot. For example, the wait period may be relatively longer where the estimate of the (e.g. total) time for which the wearable has been worn on the foot is relatively longer and the wait period may be relatively shorter where the estimate of the (e.g. total) time for which the wearable has been worn on the foot is relatively shorter. The wait period may be longer where the estimate of the (e.g. total) time for which the wearable has been worn on the foot exceeds a predetermined threshold period. The predetermined threshold period may be at least 3 minutes, e.g. at least 5 minutes, e.g. at least 20 minutes, typically less than 2 hours, e.g. less than 1 hour, e.g. less than 45 minutes. Advantageously, the provision of wait periods may help to reduce desensitisation.

[0046] The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a feedback in pulses (e.g. to alternately output feedbackand then output less, optionally no, feedback), e.g. within the period during which feedback is output in dependence on the received position signal. For example, the apparatus may be configured to switch (and the method may comprise switching) the feedback device on and off. The skilled person will understand that pulses may be characterised by periods of output feedback that are shorter than a total period of output feedback and are interspersed with periods during which less (or no) feedback is output. For example, an on-off pulse cycle may take place over less than 10% (e.g. less than 5%, optionally less than 2%, typically not more than 15%) of the total feedback output period following the receipt of a position signal indicative of a foot (optionally heel) in a lowered position, e.g. before the subsequent receipt of a position signal indicative of a foot (optionally heel) in a raised position. The apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback first in a continuous mode (e.g. for a continuous mode period) and subsequently in pulsed (e.g. to alternately output feedback and then output less, optionally no, feedback).

[0047] The pulses may comprise a pulse width (e.g. a period during which feedback is output between periods during which less feedback or no feedback is output). The apparatus (e.g. the controller, optionally via a user interface) may be configured to select the pulse width. For example, the pulse width (e.g. the period during which feedback is output) may be equal to the period during which no (or less) feedback is output. The pulse width may be double the period during which no (or less) feedback is output. The pulse width may be half the period during which no (or less) feedback is output. The pulse width may be at least 0.25 seconds, e.g. at least 0.5 seconds, optionally at least 1 second, optionally at least 2 seconds. The pulse width may be less than 10 seconds, e.g. less than 5 seconds, e.g. less than three seconds.

[0048] It will be understood that a degree of feedback may be an amount of feedback. For example, outputting a greater degree of feedback may comprise outputting more feedback (and outputting a lesser or reduced degree of feedback may comprise outputting correspondingly less feedback). Additionally or alternatively, outputting a greater degree of feedback may comprise outputting more intense feedback (for example, sound or vibrations of greater amplitudes and / or light of greater brightness). Outputting a lesser or reduced degree of feedback may comprise outputting lessintense feedback (for example sound or vibrations of smaller amplitudes and / or light of lower brightness).

[0049] The foot position sensor may comprise the feedback device. The foot position sensor and the feedback device may be comprised in a (e.g. the same) unit. The foot position sensor and the feedback device may be comprised in an integrated unit.

[0050] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output the first degree of feedback, for example when the received position signal is indicative of the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) being in a relatively higher position (e.g. relative to the ground).

[0051] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output the second degree of feedback, for example when the received position signal is indicative of the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) being in a relatively lower position (e.g. compared to the relatively higher position, e.g. relative to the ground).

[0052] Advantageously, this allows for an initial and lesser degree of feedback to be provided as the wearer begins to lower their heel towards the ground, with the degree of feedback increasing as the wearer further lowers the foot (e.g. the heel), thus encouraging the wearer to fully lower the heel via positive feedback. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause an initial and lesser degree of feedback to be provided (via the feedback device) as the wearer begins to lower their foot (e.g. heel) towards the ground. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause an increased degree of feedback to be provided (compared to the initial degree of feedback, via the feedback device) as the wearer further lowers their foot (e.g. heel) towards the ground.

[0053] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may cause (and the method may comprise causing) the degree of feedback output by the feedback device to vary continuously, for example from zero output feedback (e.g. when the foot, optionally heel, is raised) to a predetermined maximum amount of output feedback (e.g. as the foot is lowered). For example, it may be that the apparatus (e.g. the controller) is configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to increase the degree offeedback output from zero where the foot position signal is indicative of the foot (optionally heel) being raised, to a first degree of feedback where the foot position signal is indicative of the foot (optionally heel) being part-way lowered toward the ground, and to a second degree of feedback greater than the first degree of feedback where the foot position signal is indicative of the foot (optionally heel) being fully lowered (e.g. and thus in contact with the ground).

[0054] The feedback device may be configured to output feedback in one or more feedback modes. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in one or more feedback modes. Multiple feedback modes allow for flexibility in how feedback is provided, and the apparatus and method can therefore be adjusted to a particular user or wearer’s preferences.

[0055] The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least two feedback modes. The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one first intensity mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively greater intensity. The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one second intensity mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively lesser (e.g. reduced) intensity (e.g. relative to the first intensity mode). The one or more feedback modes may comprise further intensity modes wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with an intensity different to that of the first and second intensity modes. Outputting feedback with greater intensity may comprise outputting vibrations or sounds having greater amplitudes, for example, and / or light having greater brightness. Outputting feedback with smaller intensity may comprise outputting vibrations or sounds having smaller amplitudes, for example, and / or light having lower brightness.

[0056] The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one first pattern mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback according to a first pattern. The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one second pattern mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback according to a second pattern, different to the first pattern. The one or more feedback modes may comprise further pattern modes wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback according to patterns different to the first and second patterns.The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one first duration mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively longer duration. The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one second duration mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively shorter duration (e.g. relative to the first duration mode). The one or more feedback modes may comprise further duration modes wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with a duration different to that of the first and second duration modes.

[0057] The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one first location-based mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in a first region of the wearable (and / or directed to a first portion of the foot). The one or more feedback modes may comprise at least one second location-based mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in a second region of the wearable (and / or directed to a second portion of the foot), different to (optionally overlapping with) the first region. The one or more feedback modes may comprise further location-based modes wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in further regions within the wearable (and / or directed to one or more further portions of the foot) different to (optionally overlapping with) those of the first and second location-based modes.

[0058] The foot position sensor may be configured to detect (and the method may comprise detecting) the position of a plurality of parts of the foot. For example, the foot position sensor may be configured to detect the position of at least two (optionally three) parts of the foot (e.g. the ball of the foot and the heel, the midfoot and the heel, etc). The feedback device may be configured to output (and the method may comprise outputting) feedback at (e.g. to) a plurality of parts of the foot. For example, the feedback device may be configured to output feedback at (e.g. to) least two (optionally three) parts of the foot (e.g. the ball of the foot and the heel, the midfoot and the heel, etc). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of a portion of the foot from the foot position sensor and optionally the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) the same portion of the foot in dependence on the received position signal. For example, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) thefeedback device to output feedback when the foot position sensor outputs a signal indictive of a portion of the foot (e.g. the heel, the ball of the foot, the toes, the midfoot, etc) being in a lowered position, and optionally to output feedback at (e.g. to) the said portion of the foot.

[0059] One or more feedback modes may comprise a multi-location mode wherein the apparatus (e.g. the controller) is configured to:

[0060] receive a position signal indicative of a first portion of the foot (e.g. the midfoot) being in a lowered position;

[0061] cause the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) the first portion of the foot;

[0062] (e.g. subsequently) receive a position signal indicative of a second portion of the foot (e.g. the heel) being in a lowered position; and

[0063] cause the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) the second portion of the foot.

[0064] The multi-location mode may comprise the apparatus (e.g. the controller) causing the feedback device to output a different (optionally lesser) degree of feedback at (e.g. to) the first portion of the foot to than is output at (e.g. to) the second portion of the foot. For example, feedback having a relatively smaller amplitude may be output at (e.g. to) the first portion of the foot, and feedback having a relatively greater amplitude may be output at (e.g. to) the second portion of the foot.

[0065] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a relatively greater degree of feedback at (e.g. to) a first portion of the foot, and a relatively smaller degree of feedback at (e.g. to) a second portion of the foot. For example, the apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a relatively greater degree of feedback at (e.g. to) the heel, and a relatively smaller degree of feedback at (e.g. to) the ball of the foot. However, this is not required, and in some examples where feedback is applied at (e.g. to) multiple parts of the foot, substantially the same degree of feedback is applied at each part of the foot. In other examples, the apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output a relatively greater degree of feedback at (e.g. to) the ball of the foot, and a relatively smaller degree of feedback at (e.g. to) the heel.The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) a first portion of the foot at a first time, and to output feedback at (e.g. to) a second portion of the foot at a second (e.g. subsequent) time. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) both the first and second potions of the foot at the second time. Alternatively, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) only one of the first portion or the second portion of the foot at the second time.

[0066] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) a plurality of locations of the foot, wherein the location of output feedback varies (optionally continuously) as a function of time. Here it will be understood that where the location of output varies continuously this refers to the case where there are sufficient locations between a first location and a final location that at least some feedback is output at (e.g. to) each location of the foot between the first and the final location. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback at (e.g. to) a plurality of locations of the foot, wherein the location of output feedback varies (optionally continuously) in dependence on the received position signal. For example, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in such a way that feedback is output at (e.g. to) location(s) of the foot when the foot position signal is indicative of the said location(s) being lowered (e.g. in contact with the ground, optionally via the wearable).

[0067] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in such a way that feedback is initially output at (e.g. to) a forefoot location (e.g. at the toes and / or at the ball of the foot), and subsequently at (e.g. to) a hindfoot location (e.g. at the heel). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in such a way that feedback is initially output at (e.g. to) a hindfoot location (e.g. the heel), and subsequently at (e.g. to) a forefoot location (e.g. at the toes or ball of the foot). The apparatus (e.g. the controller)may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in such a way that feedback travels from a forefoot location to a hindfoot location (optionally via a midfoot location).

[0068] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback in a default mode. The default mode may be characterised by the feedback device outputting a predetermined and optionally consistent amount (e.g. degree, optionally amplitude) of feedback in response to a signal from the controller. The default mode may be characterised by the controller causing the feedback device to output the predetermined and optionally consistent amount (e.g. degree, optionally amplitude) of feedback in dependence on the signal from the foot position sensor being indicative of a foot (optionally a heel) being in a lowered position. The default mode may be characterised by the controller not causing the feedback device to feedback in dependence on the signal from the foot position sensor being indicative of a foot (optionally a heel) being in a raised position. The default mode may be characterised by the controller causing the feedback device to stop outputting feedback in dependence on the signal from the foot position sensor being indicative of a foot (optionally a heel) being in a raised position.

[0069] Where the wearable comprises a sock or a sleeve, the wearable may comprise a foot contacting portion and a leg (e.g. a lower leg) contacting portion. The (e.g. lower) leg contacting portion may have a pocket defined therein, the pocket being configured to retain one or more of the foot position sensor, the controller, and / or the power source, optionally the feedback device. The foot contacting portion may have a pocket defined therein, the pocket being configured to retain one or more of the foot position sensor, the controller, and / or the power source, optionally the feedback device. The or each pocket be accessible via an opening. The opening may be openable and / or closeable via a fastener, e.g. via a zipper, buttons, clasps, Velcro (TM), etc.

[0070] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to select (and the method may comprise selecting) a feedback mode from one of the one or more feedback modes

[0071] Advantageously, this allows for feedback to be provided in various locations (e.g. at or to the foot), to help to encourage the wearer to position the foot correctly, e.g. to encourage them to bring their heel downwards.The apparatus may comprise a user interface. The user interface may be integrated with other parts of the apparatus, however, more typically the user interface may be separate from (optionally remote from) other parts of the apparatus. In an example, the user interface may be comprised in an app, e.g. an application for a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, or another device. The user interface may comprise the controller. The user interface may allow a user to send instructions to the controller. The method may comprise sending instructions to the controller, optionally via the user interface. The user interface may be configured to allow a user to select a feedback mode from the one or more feedback modes. The method may comprise selecting a feedback mode from the one or more feedback modes, optionally via the user interface.

[0072] This is particularly helpful where a user wishes to adjust the degree of feedback output by the feedback device, or to select from multiple feedback modes.

[0073] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to receive (and the method may comprise receiving) the position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) from the foot position sensor. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to determine (and the method may comprise determining) an estimate of the position of the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) of the wearer in dependence on the received position signal. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to output (and the method may comprise outputting) the estimated position. For example, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to write (and the method may comprise writing) the estimated position data to a database.

[0074] Accordingly, data relating to foot position can be collected and monitored over time, providing helpful information about the extent to which use of the apparatus and / or method are changing walking behaviour. This data can then be used to adjust future use of the apparatus and / or method to better suit the needs of the wearer, and optionally to inform future use for a group of wearers.

[0075] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to determine (and the method may comprise determining) an estimate of a length of time during which the foot (optionally the heel of the foot) has been positioned on the ground, e.g. in dependenceon the received position signal. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to output (and the method may comprise outputting) the estimated length of time. For example, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to write (and the method may comprise writing) estimated time data to a (e.g. the) database. The application may be configured to retrieve and / or display (and the method may comprise retrieving and / or displaying) data from the database. The user interface may be configured (e.g. allow a user) to retrieve and / or display data from the database.

[0076] Those who tiptoe walk typically spend relatively little time with their heel in contact with the ground, when taken in comparison to those who do not tiptoe walk. Accordingly, monitoring the length of time during which the heel of the foot is in contact with the ground allows for observation of whether a wearer is tiptoe walking, and whether they are tiptoe walking more or less over time. This information can then be used to inform further use. For example, if a wearer increases the time during which the foot is positioned on the ground, they may no longer be tiptoe walking, and may no longer need the apparatus. Conversely, if there is no change, or an increase in the time during which the foot (e.g. heel) is positioned on the ground, they may not like the feedback provided, in which case this can be adjusted for future use, to again encourage the wearer to bring their heel to the ground e.g. when walking and / or standing.

[0077] Accordingly, the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to receive (and the method may comprise receiving) data from a database. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause the feedback device to output feedback in dependence on the received data. The method may comprise outputting feedback in dependence on the received data. For example, it may be that the degree of feedback output is reduced where the received data is indicative that the heel has been lowered for a period of time exceeding a predetermined threshold.

[0078] The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to allow a user to adjust the degree of feedback output by the feedback device. The user interface and / or the application may be configured to allow a user to adjust the degree of feedback output by the feedback device. The method may comprise adjusting the degree of feedback output by the feedback device, optionally with the application and / or the user interface. Advantageously, feedback can thus be adjusted to meet the preferences of a particular wearer.The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to stop (and the method may comprise stopping) the feedback output by the feedback device. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to start (and the method may comprise starting) the feedback output by the feedback device. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust (and the method may comprise adjusting) the duration for which feedback is output by the feedback device. The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust (and the method may comprise adjusting) the intensity of the feedback output by the feedback device. For example, where the feedback is haptic feedback (e.g. a vibration) or feedback provided in the form of (e.g. a) sound(s), the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust (and the method may comprise adjusting) the amplitude of the feedback (e.g. the amplitude of the sound or vibration). Where the feedback is feedback provided in the form of (e.g. a) light(s), the apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to adjust (and the method may comprise adjusting) the brightness, and / or optionally the colour (e.g. wavelength) of the light.

[0079] The wearable may be configured to be worn on the foot of a human child. For example, the wearable may be sized and shaped to fit the foot of a human child. Conversely, in some embodiments, the wearable may be configured to be worn on the foot of a human adult. For example, the wearable may be sized and shaped to fit the foot of a human adult.

[0080] For example, where the wearable is a sock, a sleeve, or a shoe, the sock, sleeve, or shoe may be configured to fit a human child having a child’s shoe size of between UK child’s size 3 (equivalent to EU child’s size 18, US child’s size 3, e.g. a foot length of approximately 10.7 cm) and UK adult’s size 6 (equivalent to EU adult’s size 39, US adult’s size 7, e.g. a foot length of approximately 24.7 cm).

[0081] Where the apparatus comprises an insert (e.g. an insole) and / or where the wearable comprises (e.g. is) an insert (e.g. an insole), the insert (e.g. insole) may be configured to fit within a shoe configured to fit a human child having a child’s shoe size of between UK child’s size 3 (equivalent to EU child’s size 18, US child’s size 3, e.g. a foot length of approximately 10.7 cm) and UK adult’s size 6 (equivalent to EU adult’s size 39, US adult’s size 7, e.g. a foot length of approximately 24.7 cm).Where the apparatus comprises an insert (e.g. an insole) and / or where the wearable comprises (e.g. is) an insert (e.g. an insole), the insert (e.g. the insole), optionally the housing, may be 3D printed. Where the apparatus comprises an insert (e.g. an insole) and / or where the wearable comprises (e.g. is) an insert (e.g. an insole), the insert (e.g. the insole) may be custom-made, e.g. for a specific wearer of the wearable. It may be that the insert (e.g. insole) is modular, in the sense that it may be configured to house one of several controllers and / or feedback devices and / or foot position sensors such that each may be removed and / or replaced.

[0082] It is helpful where wearables are sized and shaped such that they fit the foot of the intended wearer. For example, where the apparatus is for encouraging children to avoid tiptoe walking, the wearable may be sized and shaped such that it fits the foot of a child. In another example, where the apparatus is intended to assist an adult in carrying out correct walking movements, the wearable may be sized and shaped such that it fits the foot of an adult.

[0083] Accordingly, in the alternative, where the apparatus comprises an insert (e.g. an insole) and / or where the wearable comprises (e.g. is) an insert (e.g. an insole), the insert (e.g. insole) may be configured to fit within a shoe configured to fit a human adult having an adult’s shoe size of between UK adult’s size 3 (equivalent to EU adult’s size 3, US adult’s size 5, e.g. a foot length of approximately 22.1 cm) and UK adult’s size 13 (equivalent to EU adult’s size 48, US adult’s size 14, e.g. a foot length of approximately 31.4 cm).

[0084] The apparatus may comprise a power source, e.g. a battery. For example, the wearable may comprise (e.g. house) a (e.g. the) power source, e.g. battery. The insert (e.g. the insole) may comprise a (e.g. the) power source, e.g. battery. Where provided, the battery may be a rechargeable battery, optionally chargeable via a (e.g. USB standard specified) connection port. The apparatus (optionally the insert or insole) may comprise a USB standard specified connection port, configured to allow charging of the battery, e.g. via a USB standard specified connector. Additionally or alternatively, the battery may be a kinetically rechargeable battery. The power source, e.g. the battery, is typically configured to supply power to the controller, the foot position sensor, and / or the feedback device. For example, the power source (e.g. battery) maybe in wired communication with the controller, the foot position sensor, and / or the feedback device. Alternatively or additionally, a further power source may be provided for the controller and the further power source may be in wired communication with the controller. The apparatus may comprise a switch configured to switch on and off the feedback device and / or the foot position sensor and / or the controller. The controller may be remote from the wearable.

[0085] The apparatus is typically wireless, in the sense that any wires are entirely internal to the wearable (optionally the insert, e.g. insole) and are not visible or directly accessible in use. Advantageously, this increases the robustness of the apparatus, as it is less likely that wires will catch on anything while the wearable is worn, or that they will be pulled and / or disconnected.

[0086] The wearable (optionally the insert, e.g. the insole) may be washable, for example it may comprise one or more washable fabrics. The wearable may be configured such that electric and / or electronic parts can be removed, e.g. prior to washing, and replaced. It will be understood that a removable (and / or replaceable) part is one that can be removed (and / or replaced) without damage to the apparatus. The wearable (optionally the insert, e.g. the insole) may comprise one or more wipe-clean surfaces. This improves hygiene.

[0087] The method comprises receiving a foot position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor. The method may comprise determining whether the foot is lowered or raised in dependence on the foot position signal. The method may comprise causing the feedback device to output feedback (e.g. to the wearer, optionally to the foot or the heel of the wearer) if the foot is determined to be lowered (e.g. on the basis of the received position signal). The method may comprise not outputting feedback (optionally stopping the output feedback) if the foot is determined to be raised (e.g. on the basis of the received position signal).

[0088] The apparatus may comprise a housing unit configured to retain one or more of the foot position sensor, the feedback device, the controller, and the power source. The item of footwear may be configured to retain the housing unit, optionally in a position which would be beneath the foot (optionally beneath the heel) in use. The insert may comprise the housing unit. The insert (e.g. insole) may retain the housing unit,optionally in a position which would be beneath the foot (optionally beneath the heel) in use. The housing unit may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a plastics material. The housing unit may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a wipe-clean material. The housing unit may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a nonporous material. The housing unit may be water-resistant (optionally waterproof). The housing unit may be 3D printed. The housing unit may sealedly retain the foot position sensor and / or the feedback device and / or the controller and / or the power source (e.g. battery) and / or any other electronic components and / or any wires.

[0089] The method may comprise selecting the wearable from one of a plurality of wearables. The method may comprise measuring the foot or feet of the (e.g. intended) wearer and optionally selecting a wearable from one of a plurality of wearables in dependence on the measurement(s) of the wearer’s foot or feet. The method may comprise forming a wearable having a size and shape suitable for the (e.g. intended) wearer’s foot or feet. The method may comprise inserting the insert (e.g. insole) into a sock, sleeve, or shoe. The insert (e.g. insole) may be retained in a wearable, e.g. an item of footwear, optionally a sock, sleeve, or shoe. The method may comprise the step of a wearer donning the wearable. The wearable may be worn on a foot. A wearable may be worn on each foot. The method may comprise the step of a wearer walking while wearing the wearable. The method may comprise the step of a wearer standing while wearing the wearable. The method may comprise the step of a wearer performing one or more exercises while wearing the wearable. The method may comprise the wearer removing the wearable, e.g. following one or more exercises. The method may comprise removing the insert (e.g. insole) from a sock, sleeve, or shoe. The method may comprise charging the power source. The method may comprise cleaning the wearable and / or the insert. The method may comprise wearing the wearable for a predetermined use time (for example, a use time of at least 5 minutes, optionally at least 10 minutes, e.g. at least 20 minutes, e.g. at least 30 minutes, e.g. at least an hour, typically less than 18 hours, e.g. less than 12 hours, e.g. less than 8 hours) and subsequently removing the wearable. It may be that the method comprises wearing the wearable for increasing periods with subsequent uses. For example, it may be that the method comprises wearing the wearable for 20 minutes (optionally 30 minutes, typically less than 60 minutes) during the first use, and comprises wearing the wearable for longer than 20 minutes (optionally longer than 30 minutes) for second and / or subsequentuses. It may be that (e.g. following multiple uses) the method comprises wearing the wearable for a full day.

[0090] The controller may comprise one or more processors and a computer-readable memory (e.g. a non-transitory computer readable storage medium) storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the controller to perform the actions for which the controller is configured. The apparatus (optionally the wearable and / or the insert, e.g. insole) may comprise the controller.

[0091] The apparatus may comprise a computer readable memory (e.g. a non-transitory computer readable storage medium). The computer readable memory may comprise a data store (e.g. a database). The computer readable memory (e.g. the data store) may comprise use data (e.g. wearable use information relating to foot position, the length of time a wearer spends with a heel lowered, the total length of time for which the wearable has been worn, etc).

[0092] The controller may be configured to receive use information from the computer readable memory. The use information may be received in response to a request to receive the use information from the computer readable memory. The controller may be configured to determine when the wearer is wearing the wearable (e.g. walking while wearing the wearable) in dependence on the received use information. The use information may include information that signals received from the foot position sensor are indicative of the wearable being worn.

[0093] The method may comprise receiving use information from the computer readable memory. The use information may be received in response to a request to receive the exercise information from the computer readable memory. The method may comprise determining when the wearer is wearing the wearable (e.g. walking while wearing the wearable) in dependence on the received wearable use information. The method may comprise outputting an indication that the wearer is wearing the wearable (e.g. walking while wearing the wearable), optionally via a (e.g. the) application running on a device such as a laptop, smartphone, tablet, or smartwatch.

[0094] The apparatus may comprise a remote device (e.g. a laptop, tablet and / or smartphone) comprising a (e.g. the) user interface, and computer-readable memory (e.g. a non-transitory computer readable storage medium) storing instructions which, when executed by one or more processors run an application on the remote device.

[0095] Although in some embodiments the apparatus may be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback to the heel in dependence on the received position signal(s), in some embodiments, the apparatus may alternatively or additionally be configured to cause (and the method may comprise causing) the feedback device to output feedback to another portion of the foot (e.g. the ball of the foot or the toes), optionally to multiple parts of the foot (e.g. both the ball of the foot and heel), further optionally to substantially the full sole and / or to parts of the foot beyond the sole. In some embodiments, the one or more feedback modes may be characterised by the feedback device outputting feedback in one or more locations (e.g. directing feedback to one or more regions of the foot). The apparatus (e.g. the controller) may be configured to cause, and the method may comprise causing, the feedback device to output feedback in one or more feedback modes.

[0096] Similarly, although in some embodiments the foot position sensor may be configured to detect (and the method may comprise detecting) the position of the heel, in some embodiments the foot position sensor may alternatively or additionally be configured to detect (and the method may comprise detecting) the position of another portion of the foot (e.g. the ball of the foot or the toes), optionally multiple parts of the foot (e.g. the position of both the ball of the foot and the heel), further optionally the position of substantially the full sole and / or parts of the foot beyond the sole.

[0097] For example, where the feedback is a vibration, this may be particularly helpful to wearers who do not like the sensation of a vibration and would prefer to use the apparatus as a reminder to lower their heel and not put all of their weight on their toes. In such an example, the apparatus may be configured such that position sensor may output a toe position signal indicative of the position of the toes (e.g. a signal indicative that the toes are lowered and optionally that the heel is not lowered) and the controller is configured to receive the signal and to cause the feedback device to output feedback to the toes of the wearer in dependence on the received toe position signal.

[0098] According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit of parts comprising: a controller, a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot;and a feedback device configured to output feedback to the wearer, wherein the controller is configured to: receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; and cause the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal, and wherein the kit of parts further comprises an item of footwear. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. at least) the foot position sensor. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. at least) and the feedback device. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. may house) the foot position sensor. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. may house) the feedback device. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. may house) the controller. The foot position sensor may be a heel position sensor.

[0099] The kit of parts may comprise an insert (e.g. an insole), for example an insert configured to fit within a shoe, a sock, or a sleeve. The insole may comprise one or more of the foot position sensor, the feedback device, and / or the controller. The item of footwear may be configured to house (e.g. may house) the insert (e.g. the insole).

[0100] The kit of parts may comprise a housing configured to retain one or more of the foot position sensor, the feedback device, the controller, and the power source. The item of footwear may be configured to retain the housing unit, optionally in a position which would be beneath the foot (optionally beneath the heel) in use. The housing may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a plastics material. The housing may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a wipe-clean material. The housing may comprise (e.g. be formed of) a nonporous material. The housing may be water-resistant (optionally waterproof).

[0101] A kit of parts as described above is particularly effective for helping a user to notice and to understand when they are correctly positioning their foot on the ground when walking and standing. As the kit comprises a controller, foot position sensor, and a feedback device, as well as an item of footwear configured to house the foot position sensor and the feedback device, the detection of the position of the foot is accurate and reliable and, in turn, the feedback can be accurately and reliably supplied. As feedback is provided directly to the user, the requirement for a third-party assessor (e.g. a personal trainer, etc.) is removed or reduced.The item of footwear may comprise (e.g. be) a shoe. The item of footwear may comprise (e.g. be) a sock. The item of footwear may comprise (e.g. be) a sleeve (e.g. a toeless sock).

[0102] Items of footwear including sleeves, socks, and shoes are familiar to wearers and are comfortable and easy to use. Sleeves and socks provide the further advantage of being easily washable, thus improving hygiene.

[0103] The inventor has surprisingly found that positioning the feedback device beneath the heel of the wearer is particularly effective, even above positioning the feedback device elsewhere in relation to parts of the foot.

[0104] The feedback device may be a haptic feedback device. The haptic feedback device may be configured to output haptic feedback in the form of a vibration. The feedback device may comprise (e.g. be) an actuator, e.g. an actuator configured to output (e.g. feedback in the form of) vibration. The actuator may comprise (e.g. be) a vibration plate. The actuator may comprise (e.g. be) a vibrator. The actuator may comprise (e.g. be) a piezoelectric actuator. The actuator may comprise (e.g. be) a (e.g. coin) vibration motor. The actuator may comprise (e.g. be) a linear vibration actuator. Haptic feedback is particularly helpful because the feedback is typically not directly noticeable to anyone other than the person receiving it.

[0105] The item of footwear may have a chamber defined therein, the chamber arranged to house the feedback device. The chamber may be located such that the feedback device is positioned beneath a heel of the wearer, e.g. in use. This is a particularly convenient way of providing a feedback device in an item of footwear and helps to ensure that the feedback device is correctly positioned in use.

[0106] One or more components (e.g. the power source (e.g. a battery), optionally a controller, optionally one or more circuit boards) may be housed in a location proximal to the arch of the foot (e.g. within the item of footwear, optionally within the insert, e.g. insole). Advantageously, relatively little pressure is asserted at the arch of the foot when people are walking or standing, in comparison to pressure asserted at the ball of the foot and the arch of the foot. Accordingly, by housing one or more components in a locationproximal to the arch of the foot, less pressure will be applied to these components, thus reducing the risk of damage.

[0107] One or more components, e.g. the power source (e.g. battery) and / or any circuit boards may be housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) at an angle to the sole of the item of footwear, e.g. in use. For example, one or more components (e.g. the power source (e.g. battery) and / or circuit boards) may be housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) such that their largest dimension is arranged at an angle of at least 10°, e.g. at least 30°, optionally at least 45°, typically less than 70° to the horizontal, e.g. in use. This reduces forces acting on these components during use and thus reduces the risk of damage.

[0108] It may be that the power source (e.g. battery) is housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) at a first lateral side of the item of footwear (optionally insert, e.g. insole). It may be that one or more other components (e.g. one or more circuit boards) is housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) at a second lateral side of the item of footwear (optionally insert, e.g. insole), e.g. a second lateral side opposite to the first lateral side.

[0109] The feedback device may be housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) in a relatively flat position, e.g. in use. For example, the feedback device may be housed within the item of footwear (optionally within the insert, e.g. insole) such that its largest dimension is generally parallel (e.g. within 5° of being parallel, e.g. within 3° of being parallel, e.g. within 1° of being parallel) to the horizontal, e.g. in use. This has been found to encourage heel strike.

[0110] The method may be a method of use of the kit of parts. Optional features described in relation to the apparatus may also be optional features of the kit of parts and viceverse. It will be understood method steps may be performed in the order set out herein. However, in some example embodiments, the steps may be performed in other orders and / or some steps may be performed simultaneously to other steps.

[0111] Description of the DrawingsAn example embodiment of the present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following Figures in which:

[0112] Figure 1 is a perspective view diagram of an apparatus comprising a wearable according to an example embodiment of the invention;

[0113] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view diagram of the apparatus of Figure 1 ;

[0114] Figure 3 is a perspective view diagram of an apparatus comprising an insert according to a second example embodiment of the invention;

[0115] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view diagram of the apparatus of Figure 3;

[0116] Figure 5 is a flow chart including steps in a method according to an example embodiment of the invention;

[0117] Figure 6 is a flow chart including steps in the method according to the example embodiment of Figure 5, with the addition of some further optional steps; and

[0118] Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention.

[0119] Detailed Description of an Example Embodiment

[0120] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any dimensions and relative orientations such as lower and higher, above and below, and directions such as vertical, horizontal, upper, lower, longitudinal, axial, radial, lateral, circumferential, medial, distal, etc. referred to in this description refer to, and are within expected structural tolerances and limits for, the technical field and apparatus described, and these should be interpreted with this in mind.

[0121] Referring to Figure 1 (which is a perspective view diagram of an apparatus comprising a wearable according to an example embodiment of the invention), an example embodiment of an apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises a wearable, 2, here in the form of a shoe. The shoe 2 defines a space 22 therein such that the shoe2 can be worn on the foot of a person. Typically, two such shoes 2 would be provided, i.e. one for each foot of a wearer.

[0122] In this example embodiment, the shoe 2 has a sole 4 for supporting a foot. The shoe also has an upper 6 including quarter panels 8A, 8B, a heel cap 10, a toe box 12, a vamp 14, and a tongue 16, as well as laces 18. The laces 18 can be loosened to allow an opening 20 defined in the shoe to be expanded by separating the quarter panels 8A, 8B and tongue 16, to thereby allow a foot to be more easily inserted into the space 22. The laces 18 may then be tightened to bring the quarter panels 8A, 8B and tongue 16 together around the foot, and tied, thus securing the foot in place in the shoe 2.

[0123] As can be seen more clearly from Figure 2 (which is a simplified cross-sectional view of the shoe 2 of Figure 1) the sole 4 of the shoe 2 houses a foot position sensor 24 (here in the form of a pressure sensor), a feedback device 26 (here in the form of an actuator configured to generate vibrations), a controller 28, and a power source 29 (here in the form of a battery). The pressure sensor 24, actuator 26, and controller 28 are in wired communication with each other. The battery 29 is also in wired communication with each of the pressure sensor 24, actuator 26, and controller 28 to thereby supply power to each of these. The battery 29 in this example embodiment is a rechargeable battery that may be charged via a USB standard specified connection port (not shown).

[0124] The controller 28 is configured to receive position signals indicative of a position of the foot (here in the form of pressure sensor signals indicative of the position of the foot in relation to the pressure sensor 24) from the pressure sensor 24, and to send instructions to the actuator 26 to output feedback in the form of a vibration (here outputting vibration to the foot via the sole 4 of the shoe 2), in response to the received pressure sensor signals.

[0125] Here, the pressure sensor 24 and feedback device 26 are each positioned in a location that would be beneath the heel of a wearer of the shoe 2 in use. The pressure sensor 24 thereby detects pressure applied by the heel of the foot.

[0126] Referring to Figure 3 (which is perspective view diagram of an apparatus comprising a wearable according to an example embodiment of the invention) and Figure 4 (asimplified cross-sectional view diagram of the same example embodiment), a further example embodiment of an apparatus 101 according to the invention comprises an insert 103, here in the form of an insole. The insole 130 is sized and shaped such that it will fit within and be retained by a shoe for wearing on the foot of a person. The insole has an upper surface 130 for contact with a foot, a lower surface 132 for contact with the inner surface of the sole of a shoe, and sidewalls 134 extending between the upper surface 130 and the lower surface 132. The insole 103 extends from a front region 136 (corresponding to an area over which the toes of a foot would be positioned in use) to a rear region 138 (corresponding to an area over which the heel of a toe would be positioned in use). Typically, at least two such insoles 103 would be provided, e.g. one for each shoe to be worn by a wearer.

[0127] The insole 103 of this example embodiment is of variable thickness, being of greater thickness toward the rear region 138 than toward the front region 136. As can be more clearly seen from Figure 4, the insole 103 houses a foot position sensor 124 (here in the form of a pressure sensor), a feedback device 126 (here in the form of an actuator configured to generate vibrations), a controller 128, and a power source 129 (here in the form of a battery). The pressure sensor 124, actuator 126, and controller 128 are in wired communication with each other. The battery 129 is also in wired communication with each of the pressure sensor 24, actuator 26, and controller 28 to thereby supply power to each of these. The battery 129 in this example embodiment is a rechargeable battery that may be charged via a USB standard specified connection port (not shown).

[0128] The controller 128 is configured to receive position signals indicative of a position of the foot (here in the form of pressure sensor signals indicative of the position of the foot in relation to the pressure sensor 124) from the pressure sensor 124, and to send instructions to the actuator 126 to output feedback in the form of vibration (here outputting vibration to the foot via the insole 103), in response to the received pressure sensor signals.

[0129] Similarly to the example embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, the pressure sensor 124 and feedback device 126 are each positioned in a location that would be beneath the heel of a wearer of the shoe 2 in use. The pressure sensor 124 thereby detects pressure applied by the heel of the foot via the sole 4 or insole 103, the controller 28, 128receives pressure sensor signals and, in response, causes the feedback device 24, 124 to output feedback to the foot via the sole 4 or insole 103.

[0130] Accordingly, in use, when a wearer of the shoe 2 or the insole 103 is walking, they periodically and alternately raise and lower their heel as they take steps. As a result, the periodically and alternately apply (e.g. further) pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124 by lowering their heel onto the region of the sole 4 or insole 130 where the pressure sensor 24, 124 is housed, and reduce (e.g. remove the applied) pressure from the pressure sensor 24, 124 by lifting their heel away from the region of the sole 4 or insole 130 where the pressure sensor 24, 124 is housed. As pressure is thereby applied to the pressure sensor 24, 124, the controller 28, 128 receives pressure sensor signals indicative of the said applied pressure (and thus indicative of the position of the foot in relation to the pressure sensor). In response, the controller 28, 128 causes the actuator 26, 126 to actuate (in this case, producing vibrations) when the pressure sensor signal is indicative of a pressure sensor being applied. The vibrations travel through the sole 4 or insole 103 and are felt by the wearer.

[0131] Similarly, when a wearer of the shoe 2 or insole 103 is standing, they may be standing with their heel(s) lowered or they may be standing on their tiptoes. If they stand with their heel(s) lowered, they will apply pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124 and the controller 28, 128 will therefore receive pressure sensor signals indicative of the applied pressure. In response, the controller will cause the actuator 26, 126 to actuate (in this case, producing vibrations). The vibrations will travel through the sole 4 or insole 103 and will be felt by the wearer. Conversely, if the wearer stands with their heel(s) raised (e.g. if they stand on their tiptoes), less pressure (or no pressure) will be applied to the pressure sensor 24, 124 and the controller 28, 128 will therefore receive pressure sensor signals indicative of reduced (or no) pressure. In response, the controller will not cause the actuator to actuate (or will cause the actuator to stop actuating, or may cause the actuator to actuate by a reduced amount).

[0132] In this way, the wearer receives direct feedback that they have correctly lowered their heel while walking or standing.

[0133] Figure 5 is a flow chart including steps in a method 200 according to an example embodiment of the invention. In this example embodiment, the method comprisesreceiving 240 a foot position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor 24, 124; determining 242 whether the foot is lowered or raised in dependence on the foot position signal; and causing 246 the feedback device 26, 126 to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal if the foot is determined to be lowered, or not outputting feedback if the foot is determined to be raised.

[0134] More specifically, the method includes causing the feedback device 26, 126 to output feedback when the foot position signal is indicative of a lowered foot (e.g. a lowered heel, optionally a foot or heel applying pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124). Conversely, when the foot position signal is indicative of a raised foot (e.g. a raised heel, optionally a foot or heel not applying pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124), the method includes causing the feedback device 26, 126 to output no feedback.

[0135] Figure 6 is a flow chart according to the method of Figure 5, with the inclusion of further optional example steps. In this example embodiment, after determining 242 whether the foot is lowered, the method further considers the extent to which the foot is lowered. Specifically, the method further includes determining 244, on the basis of the foot position signal, whether the foot is fully lowered (e.g. applying a higher degree of pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124) or partially lowered (e.g. applying a lesser degree of pressure to the pressure sensor 24, 124). Where the foot is fully lowered the method includes outputting 246B a greater degree of feedback (e.g. by causing the actuator 26, 126 to cause vibrations of greater amplitudes). Where the foot is partly lowered the method includes outputting 246A a lesser degree of feedback (e.g. by causing the actuator 26, 126 to cause vibrations of smaller amplitudes).

[0136] Although only two options are considered in the example method as shown in Figure 6, the skilled person will appreciate that intermediate options are also possible, and indeed that the degree of feedback output may vary continuously from zero output feedback to a predetermined maximum output feedback, as the foot is lowered.

[0137] Although the example embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 provides a wearable in the form of a shoe 2, it will be appreciated that the invention may provide other wearables in the alternative, for example, a sleeve or a sock. Similarly, while the insert 130 of the example embodiment of Figures 3 and 4 is provided in the form of an insole, this is notrequired, and the insert may be provided in some other form, and may for example be an insert for a shoe, a sock, or a sleeve.

[0138] While the above-described example embodiments provide the foot position sensor 24, 124 and output device 26, 126 in a location that would be beneath the heel of a user or wearer (e.g. in use) this need not be the case and one or both of the foot position sensor 24, 124 and output device 26, 126 may be positioned elsewhere. For example, it may be that both the foot position sensor 24, 124 and output device 26, 126 are positioned such that they would be beneath the toes of a user or wearer (e.g. in use), or that the foot position sensor 24, 124 is located at the opening of a shoe 2 (e.g. where the position sensor 24, 124 takes a form other than a pressure sensor and that the output device is positioned on the outside of the shoe 2, for example). Indeed, the foot position sensor 24, 124 need not necessarily be a pressure sensor, and may be another form of sensor configured to output a signal that may be used to determine an estimate of the position of a foot (e.g. a proximity sensor, a shadow sensor, a motion detector, etc.). While only one foot position sensor 24, 124 and only one output device 26, 126 is provided in the examples described above, the or each shoe 2 or insole 103 may have a plurality of foot position sensors 24, 124 and / or a plurality of output devices 26, 126.

[0139] Additionally, although in Figure 2 the foot position sensor 24, 124, output device 26, 126, controller 28, 128, and battery 29, 129 are shown in particular positions and orientations, other positions and / or orientations are also possible. For example, it may be that one or more components (e.g. the controller 28, 128, e.g. the battery 29, 129) are positioned in a location that would be beneath the arch of the foot in use. It may be that one or more components (e.g. the controller 28, 128, e.g. the battery 29, 129, optionally one or more circuit boards) are positioned so that their largest dimensions are at an angle to the horizontal in use, e.g. when the item of footwear is positioned flat on the ground. It may be that the output device 26, 126 is positioned such that its largest dimension is parallel to the horizontal in use, e.g. when the item of footwear is positioned flat on the ground.

[0140] Further, although the above-described example embodiments include a feedback device 26, 126 in the form of an actuator configured to output a vibration, other feedback devices may be used in addition or in the alternative. For example, thefeedback device may be provided in the form of a sound emitter (e.g. a speaker) and / or a light emitter (e.g. an LED).

[0141] While in the above-described examples the pressure sensor 24, 124, actuator 26, 126, and controller 28, 128 are in wired communication with each other the skilled person will appreciate that this need not necessarily be the case. For example, the controller 28, 128 may be in wireless communication with the pressure sensor 24, 124, the actuator 26, 126 or both, and indeed may be remote from the shoe 2 or insole 103.

[0142] The apparatus 1 also has a computer memory storing a data store, here a database (not shown), storing information about the use of the apparatus. The controller 28 is in wireless communication with this computer memory and database. The information may include position information and time information (e.g. how long a foot has been lowered) for example.

[0143] In an example embodiment, the controller 28, 128 is in (e.g. wireless) communication with an external device such as a computer (e.g. laptop), smartphone, or tablet (not shown) having a user interface and running software (e.g. an app). A user may send instructions to the controller 28, 128 via the user interface and / or the software, for example to cause the controller to stop (or start) sending instructions to the feedback device 26, 126, or to change those instructions (e.g. to cause the feedback device 26, 126 to output more or less feedback), for example. The user interface may be arranged to display data relating to use of the apparatus, for example data relating to the length of time for which the apparatus has been used, or the heel of the foot has been lowered, etc.

[0144] Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus 1 according to an example embodiment of the invention. The apparatus 1 has at least one feedback device 26 and a controller 28. The controller 28 is configured to send signals 2 to the feedback device 26. The controller 28 is also typically configured to transmit data elsewhere, for example devices external to the apparatus 1, via a wireless data connection, and / or optionally to further components of the apparatus 1. The signals 25 include signals generated by the controller 28 in dependence on data received by the controller 28, for example from user inputs and / or from the foot position sensors 24 etc. The controller 28 in this example is realised by one or more processors 62 and a computer-readable memory 64. The memory 64 stores instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors 62, cause the apparatus 1 to operate as described herein.

[0145] Although the controller is shown as being part of the apparatus 1, it will be understood that one or more components of the controller 28, or even the whole controller 28, can be provided separate from the apparatus 1. For example, the controller may be remote from the apparatus 1 and may exchange signals with the feedback device 26 by wireless communication.

[0146] In examples wherein the apparatus 1, 101 comprises a shoe 2, the shoe may have a rubber sole 4 and a breathable fabric upper 6 (for example an upper formed of a textile comprising natural fibres, such as cotton). However, other materials such as leather, polyester, nylon, wool, polyurethane, etc., may also be used. The shoe 2 may include padding, optionally foam padding. The shoe 2 may be formed of washable and / or wipeclean materials.

[0147] In examples wherein the apparatus 1, 101 comprises an insert, such as an insole 103, the insert may be formed of washable and / or wipe-clean materials. The insole 103 may comprise a foam, for example memory foam.

[0148] In summary, there is provided an apparatus 1, 101 for a wearable 2, 103 configured for wearing on a foot, the apparatus comprising: a controller 23, 128; a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot 24, 124; and a feedback device 26, 126 configured to output feedback to the wearer, wherein the controller is configured to: receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; and cause the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal.

[0149] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but not limited to”, and they are not intended to and do not exclude other components, integers, or steps. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.Features, integers, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and / or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

Claims1. An apparatus for a wearable configured for wearing on a foot, the apparatus comprising:a controller;a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot; and a feedback device configured to output feedback to the wearer, wherein the controller is configured to:receive a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; andcause the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal.

2. A method of use of an apparatus for a wearable configured for wearing on a foot, when the wearable is worn on a foot, the apparatus comprising:a foot position sensor for detecting the position of the foot; and a feedback device configured to output feedback to the wearer, the method comprising:receiving a position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor; andcausing the feedback device to output feedback to the wearer in dependence on the received position signal.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or a method according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus comprises a wearable, the wearable configured to house the foot position sensor and the feedback device.

4. An apparatus or a method according to any one preceding claim, wherein the wearable comprises one or more of: a sock, a sleeve, or a shoe.

5. An apparatus or a method according to any on preceding claim, wherein the apparatus further comprises an insert, wherein the insert is configured to retain the foot position sensor and the feedback device, and wherein the insert is configured to fit within one or more of: a sock, a sleeve, or a shoe.

6. An apparatus or a method according to claim 5, wherein the wearable is configured such that the feedback device is positioned beneath a heel of the wearer in use.

7. An apparatus or a method according any preceding claim, wherein the feedback device comprises a haptic feedback device, configured to output haptic feedback to the wearer.

8. An apparatus or a method according to claim 7, wherein the haptic feedback is configured to output haptic feedback in the form of vibration.

9. An apparatus or a method according to any preceding claim, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in the form of sound.

10. An apparatus or a method according to any preceding claim, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback to the wearer in the form of light.

11. An apparatus or a method according any preceding claim, wherein the foot position sensor comprises a pressure sensor configured to detect the position of the heel of the foot, and the position signal is indicative of a detected pressure applied by the heel of the foot.

12. An apparatus or a method according to claim 11, whereineither the feedback device is configured to output one or more degrees of feedback, including at least a first degree of feedback and a second degree of feedback, and wherein the controller is configured to cause the feedback device to output:the first degree of feedback when the received position signal is indicative of the heel of the foot being in a relatively higher position; and the second degree of feedback when the received position signal is indicative of the heel of the foot being in a relatively lower position, or, wherein the method comprises causing the feedback device to output: the first degree of feedback when the received position signal is indicative of the heel of the foot being in a relatively higher position; andthe second degree of feedback when the received position signal is indicative of the heel of the foot being in a relatively lower position.

13. An apparatus or a method according to any preceding claim, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in one or more feedback modes,and whereineither the controller is configured to cause the feedback device to output feedback in the one or more feedback modes,or the method comprises causing the feedback device to output feedback in the one or more feedback modes.

14. Apparatus or a method according to claim 13, wherein the one or more feedback modes comprises at least two feedback modes, the at least two feedback modes comprising one or more of the following:at least one first intensity mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively greater intensity, and at least one second intensity mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback with relatively smaller intensity;at least one first pattern mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback according to a first feedback pattern, and at least one second pattern mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback according to a second feedback pattern;at least one duration mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback for a relatively longer duration, and at least one second duration mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback for a relatively shorter duration;at least one first location mode, wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in a first location, and at least one second location mode wherein the feedback device is configured to output feedback in a second location.

15. An apparatus or a method according to claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the apparatus comprises a user interface, and wherein the user interface isconfigured to allow a user to select a feedback mode from the one or more feedback modes.

16. An apparatus ora method according to any preceding claim, wherein either the controller is configured to:receive the position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot from the foot position sensor;determine an estimate of the position of the foot of the wearer in dependence on the received position signal; andoutput the estimated position,or, the method comprises:receiving the position signal indicative of a detected position of the foot of the wearer;determining an estimate of the position of the foot of the wearer in dependence on the received position signal; andoutputting the estimated position.

17. An apparatus ora method according to any preceding claim, wherein either the controller is configured to:determine an estimate of a length of time during which the heel of the foot has been positioned on the ground, in dependence on the received position signal; andoutput the estimated length of time,or the method comprises:determining an estimate of a length of time during which the heel of the foot has been positioned on the ground, in dependence on the received position signal; andoutputting the estimated length of time.

18. An apparatus or a method according to any preceding claim wherein either the controller is configured to allow a user to adjust the degree of feedback output by the feedback device, or the method comprises adjusting the degree of feedback output by the feedback device.

19. An apparatus or a method according to any one preceding claim, wherein the wearable is configured to be worn on the foot of a human child.

20. A kit of parts, said kit of part comprising:the controller of any preceding claim;the foot position sensor of any preceding claim;the feedback device of any preceding claim; andan item of footwear configured to house at least the foot position sensor and the feedback device.

21. A kit of parts according to claim 20, wherein the item of footwear comprises any one of: a shoe, a sock, or a sleeve, or an insert configured to fit within a shoe, a sock, or a sleeve.

22. A kit of parts according to claim 20 or claim 21 , wherein the foot position sensor is a heel position sensor.

23. A kit of parts according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the feedback device is a haptic feedback device, optionally a haptic feedback device configured to output haptic feedback in the form of a vibration.

24. A kit of parts according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the item of footwear has a chamber defined therein, the chamber arranged to house the feedback device, optionally wherein the chamber is located such that the feedback device is positioned beneath a heel of the wearer in use.

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