Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a transmission unit that transmits a first report relating to prediction of a measurement event; and a control unit that, on the basis of the occurrence of the measurement event, controls a second report and / or a third report corresponding to the first report. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, mobility performance enhancement can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized for the purpose of further high data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further large capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, it is being considered to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc.

[0006] Furthermore, while the use of AI / ML models to predict and measure mobility-related events is being considered for future wireless communication systems, there are cases where this has not been sufficiently considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to enhance mobility performance using AI / ML models, and improvements in communication throughput and communication quality may be suppressed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve enhanced mobility performance.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a transmitting unit that transmits a first report concerning the prediction of a measurement event, and a control unit that controls at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report based on the occurrence of the measurement event.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, enhanced mobility performance can be achieved.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of an AI model management framework. Figure 2 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A1. Figure 3 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A2. Figure 4 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A3. Figure 5 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A4. Figure 6 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A5. Figure 7 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A6. Figure 8 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event B1. Figure 9 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event B2. Figure 10 shows an example of event prediction related to Approach 1. Figure 11 shows an example of event prediction related to Approach 2. Figures 12A-12E show examples of measured and predicted events. Figure 13 shows an example of receiving a handover command related to temporal domain prediction. Figures 14A and 14B show other examples of receiving a handover command related to temporal domain prediction. Figure 15 shows other examples of receiving a handover command related to temporal domain prediction. Figure 16 shows an example of reporting operation according to the first embodiment. Figures 17A and 17B show an example of reporting operation related to Case 2-1. Figure 18 shows an example of reporting operation related to Case 2-2. Figure 19 shows an example of reporting operation related to Case 2-3. Figure 20 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 21 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 22 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 23 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 24 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations (BS) are being considered to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0013] The AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information, such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, or a classification, based on the input information. The UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0014] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information. - Selection based on observed or collected information. - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0015] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0016] In this disclosure, an object may be, for example, a device or apparatus such as a UE or BS. In this disclosure, an object may also refer to a program / model / entity that operates on such apparatus.

[0017] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the AI ​​model may be reinterpreted as an object having (implementing) at least one of the following features: - Generates estimates by feeding; - Predicts estimates by feeding; - Discovers features by feeding; - Selects actions by feeding.

[0018] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the term "AI model" may also mean a data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0019] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI models, models, ML models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, AI models may be derived using at least one of the following: regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0020] In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interpreted interchangeably with any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder / decoder in this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, or RefineNet.

[0021] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as encoder, encoding, encoding / encoded, modification / change / control by an encoder, compression, compression / compressed, generating, and generated / generated may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0022] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as decoder, decoding, decoding / decoded, modification / change / control by a decoder, decompressing, decompressing / decompressed, reconstructing, and reconstructing / reconstructed may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0023] In this disclosure, the term "layer" (referring to an AI model) may be interpreted interchangeably with the terms "input layer," "hidden layer," etc., used in an AI model. The layers in this disclosure may correspond to at least one of the following: an input layer, a hidden layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, an activation layer, a dense layer, a normalization layer, a pooling layer, an attention layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0024] In this disclosure, methods for training AI models may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and federated learning. Supervised learning may mean the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may mean the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may mean the process of training a model from inputs (in other words, states) and feedback signals (in other words, rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (in other words, actions) in an environment in which the model interacts.

[0025] In this disclosure, terms such as generation, calculation, and derivation may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as implementation, operation, function, and execution may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as training, learning, updating, and retraining may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as inference, after-training, production use, and actual use may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "signal" may be interpreted interchangeably with "signal / channel".

[0026] Figure 1 shows an example of an AI model management framework. In this example, each stage related to the AI ​​model is shown as a block. This example is also referred to as AI model lifecycle management (LCM).

[0027] The data collection stage is the phase in which data is collected for the generation / updating of an AI model. The data collection stage may also include data organization (e.g., deciding which data to transfer for model training / model inference) and data transfer (e.g., transferring data to entities (e.g., UE, gNB) that will be used for model training / model inference).

[0028] Data collection may also mean the process by which data is collected by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, processing and procedures may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, collection may also mean obtaining a dataset (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, location estimation).

[0029] In this disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. In this disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

[0030] In the model training stage, the model is trained based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., checking whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to entities that perform model inference).

[0031] Furthermore, AI model training may also refer to the process of training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0032] Furthermore, AI model validation may refer to a sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of the AI ​​model using a different dataset than the one used for model training. This sub-process helps in selecting model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used for model training.

[0033] Furthermore, AI model testing may refer to a sub-training process that evaluates the performance of the final AI model using a different dataset than the one used for model training / validation. Unlike validation, testing does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

[0034] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of the model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entities being trained on the model), and output (providing the model output to the actors).

[0035] Furthermore, AI model inference may also refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0036] Furthermore, the UE-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the UE. The network-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the network (e.g., gNB).

[0037] Furthermore, a one-sided model may refer to either the UE-side model or the network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, for example, the first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the rest by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0038] Furthermore, AI model monitoring may also refer to the process of monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeable with model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0039] Model registration may also mean making a model executable (registering it) by assigning a version identifier to the model and compiling it for specific hardware used during the inference phase. Model deployment may also mean delivering (or activating) a runtime image (or execution environment image) of a fully developed and tested model to a target (e.g., UE / gNB) where inference will be performed.

[0040] The actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., determining whether to trigger an action on other entities), feedback (e.g., feedback of information necessary for training data / inference data / performance feedback), and the like.

[0041] Note that, for example, the training of the model for mobility optimization may be performed, for example, in the Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) in the Network (NW) / gNodeB (gNB). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (such as feature engineering) are advantageous. In the latter case, advantages include that the latency of model updates and data exchange for model deployment are unnecessary. The inference of the above model may be performed, for example, in the gNB.

[0042] Depending on the use case (or rather, the function of the AI model), the entity that performs training / inference may be different. The function of the AI model may include beam management, beam prediction, autoencoder (or information compression), CSI feedback, positioning, and the like.

[0043] For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, OAM / gNB may perform model training and gNB may perform model inference.

[0044] For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, the Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and the LMF may perform model inference.

[0045] For CSI feedback / channel estimation using an autoencoder, OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and gNB / UE may (jointly) perform model inference.

[0046] Regarding AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurement, OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training, and UE may perform model inference.

[0047] Note that model activation may mean enabling an AI model for a specific function. Model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a specific function. Model switching may mean deactivating the currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0048] Also, model transfer may mean delivering an AI model over the air interface. This delivery may include delivering one or both of the parameters of a known model structure or a new model with parameters on the receiving side. Also, this delivery may include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may mean model transfer from the network to the UE. Model upload may mean model transfer from the UE to the network.

[0049] (Existing Events) Examples of events defined in existing 5G NR include the following. Note that events are not limited to those shown below, and other new events may be defined. ・Event A1: A case where the measurement result of the serving [cell] is better than the threshold. ・Event A2: A case where the measurement result of the serving [cell] is worse than the threshold. ・Event A3: A case where the measurement result of the adjacent [cell] (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the measurement result of the SpCell (serving cell) (the measurement result plus an offset). ・Event A4: A case where the measurement result of the adjacent [cell] (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the threshold. ・Event A5: A case where the measurement result of the SpCell is worse than the first threshold, and the measurement result of the adjacent [cell] (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the second threshold. - Event A6: A case where the measurement result of an adjacent cell (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the measurement result of a serving cell (e.g., Secondary Cell (SCell)) (the measurement result plus an offset). - Event B1: A case where the measurement result of an adjacent cell between RATs is better than the threshold. - Event B2: A case where the measurement result of PCell is worse than the first threshold, and the measurement result of an adjacent cell between RATs (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the second threshold. - Event I1: A case where the interference measurement result is higher than the threshold.

[0050] <Existing Event Definitions / Conditions> <<Event A1>> The occurrence of Event A1, as defined in the existing specifications (up to Rel. 18), is determined based on the following input condition (Entering / Entry Condition) and leaving condition (Leaving Condition): ・Input condition: Ms - Hys > Thres ・Leaving condition: Ms + Hys < Thres

[0051] Here, Ms is the measurement result in the serving cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), and Thres is the threshold parameter (in the same units as Ms).

[0052] Figure 2 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A1. In the example shown in Figure 2, the change in the received power (RSRP [dBm]) in the serving cell is shown.

[0053] In the example shown in Figure 2, when the input conditions for event A1 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0054] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 2, when the departure conditions related to event A1 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0055] <<Event A2>> The occurrence of Event A2 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Ms + Hys < Thres • Exit condition: Ms - Hys > Thres

[0056] Here, Ms is the measurement result in the serving cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), and Thres is the threshold parameter (in the same units as Ms).

[0057] Figure 3 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A2. In the example shown in Figure 3, the change in the received power (RSRP [dBm]) in the serving cell is shown.

[0058] In the example shown in Figure 3, when the input conditions for event A2 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0059] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 3, when the departure conditions related to event A2 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0060] <<Event A3>> The occurrence of Event A3 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn - Hys > Mp + Offp + Ocp + Off • Exit condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn + Hys < Mp + Offp + Ocp + Off

[0061] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Mp is the measurement result in the special cell (SpCell, e.g., PCell / PSCell) (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ofp is the measurement object-specific offset of the SpCell ([dB]), Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ocp is the cell-specific offset of the SpCell ([dB]), and Off is the offset parameter ([dB]) related to event A3 (A3 offset).

[0062] Figure 4 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A3. In the example shown in Figure 4, the changes in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in adjacent cells and SpCell are shown.

[0063] In the example shown in Figure 4, when the input conditions for event A3 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0064] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 4, when the departure conditions related to event A3 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0065] <<Event A4>> The occurrence of Event A4 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn - Hys > Thres • Exit condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn + Hys < Thres

[0066] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), and Thres is the threshold parameter (in the same units as Mn).

[0067] Figure 5 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A4. In the example shown in Figure 5, the change in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in the adjacent cell is shown.

[0068] In the example shown in Figure 5, when the input conditions for event A4 are met, beam reports are generated at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0069] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 5, when the departure conditions related to event A4 are met, a departure report is issued (if set).

[0070] <<Event A5>> The occurrence of Event A5 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mp + Hys < Thres1 and Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thres2 • Exit condition: Mp - Hys > Thres1 and Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thres2

[0071] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Mp is the measurement result in the special cell (SpCell, e.g., PCell / PSCell) (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Thres1 is the first threshold parameter (in the same units as Mp), and Thres2 is the second threshold parameter (in the same units as Mn).

[0072] Figure 6 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A5. In the example shown in Figure 6, the changes in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in adjacent cells and SCell are shown.

[0073] In the example shown in Figure 6, when the input conditions for event A5 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0074] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 6, when the departure conditions related to event A5 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0075] <<Event A6>> The occurrence of Event A6 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mn + Ocn - Hys > Ms + Ocs + Off • Exit condition: Mn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ocs + Off

[0076] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Ms is the measurement result in the serving cell (SCell) (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ocs is the cell-specific offset of the serving cell (SCell) ([dB]), and Off is the offset parameter (A6 offset) related to event A6 ([dB]).

[0077] Figure 7 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event A6. In the example shown in Figure 7, the change in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in the adjacent cell is shown.

[0078] In the example shown in Figure 7, when the input conditions for event A6 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0079] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 7, when the departure conditions related to event A6 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0080] <<Event B1>> The occurrence of Event B1 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn - Hys > Thres • Exit condition: Mn + Offn + Ocn + Hys < Thres

[0081] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell between RATs (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset ([dB]) of the adjacent cell, Ocn is the cell-specific offset ([dB]) of the adjacent cell, and Thres is the threshold parameter (in the same units as Mn).

[0082] Figure 8 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event B1. In the example shown in Figure 8, the change in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in adjacent cells between RATs (Inter-RAT) is shown.

[0083] In the example shown in Figure 8, when the input conditions for event B1 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0084] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 8, when the departure conditions related to event B1 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0085] <<Event B2>> The occurrence of Event B2 as defined in the existing specifications is determined based on the following input and exit conditions: • Input condition: Mp + Hys < Thres1 and Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Thres2 • Exit condition: Mp - Hys > Thres1 and Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Thres2

[0086] Here, Mn is the measurement result in the adjacent cell between RATs (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Mp is the measurement result in SpCell (RSRP [dBm] / RSRQ [dB] / RS-SINR [dB]), Hys is the hysteresis parameter ([dB]), Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the adjacent cell ([dB]), Thres1 is the first threshold parameter (in the same units as Mp), and Thres2 is the second threshold parameter (in the same units as Mn).

[0087] Figure 9 shows an example of the occurrence of an existing event B2. In the example shown in Figure 9, the changes in received power (RSRP [dBm]) in adjacent cells between RATs (Inter RAT) and in SpCell are shown.

[0088] In the example shown in Figure 9, when the input conditions for event B2 are met, beam reports are made at a specific interval (e.g., reporting interval) after a specific period (e.g., timeToTrigger (TTT)) has elapsed.

[0089] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 9, when the departure conditions related to event B2 are met, a departure report is made (if set).

[0090] (Event prediction using AI / ML models) In future wireless communication systems, the introduction of event prediction related to Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements using AI / ML models is being considered. This event prediction may also be called event prediction, predicted event, predicted event, etc.

[0091] The event prediction in question considers the implementation of at least one of the following approaches 1 and 2.

[0092] <Approach 1> The AI / ML model may predict the measurement results of RRM (it may output predicted values ​​of the measurement results). Then, based on this prediction, the AI / ML model may further predict the occurrence of measurement events.

[0093] Figure 10 shows an example of event prediction related to Approach 1. In the example shown in Figure 10, the measurement results at a specific time (for example, at times T+1, T+2, and T+3 in Figure 10) are predicted using an AI / ML model based on the measurement results at a certain time (for example, at times T-2, T-1, and T in Figure 10). Based on these predicted measurement results, the AI / ML model predicts the occurrence (input condition) of an event (event A3 in Figure 10).

[0094] <Approach 2> The AI / ML model may directly predict the occurrence of measurement events based on the RRM measurement results.

[0095] For example, the AI / ML model may output parameters related to the confidence probability of the prediction.

[0096] For example, the output port of the AI / ML model may output a value (soft value) in the range of 0 to 1 that indicates the probability of each event occurring.

[0097] Additionally, for example, a specific threshold may be used to determine whether an event is predicted to occur.

[0098] Figure 11 shows an example of event prediction related to Approach 2. In the example shown in Figure 11, the occurrence (probability of occurrence) of an event at a specific time (for example, at times T+1, T+2, and T+3 in Figure 11) is predicted using an AI / ML model (output ports A1 to A6) based on measurement results at a certain time (for example, at times T+1, T+2, and T+3 in Figure 11) (in Figure 11, event A3 at T+3 is predicted).

[0099] <Example of a predicted event> The UE may receive a specific reference signal (for example, a reference signal for RRM measurement) and use an AI / ML model to predict an event (event occurrence) based on the measurement results of the reference signal.

[0100] In this disclosure, the terms [UE side] events predicted by the AI / ML model, events related to predictions, predicted events, events based on predictions, events for prediction, predicted events, new events, and extended (existing) events may be interpreted as each other.

[0101] In this disclosure, the terms "events measured / observed by UE," "events relating to measurement / observation," "events being measured / observed," "events based on measurement / observation," "measurement events," "measurement events," "observation events," "observation events," and "existing events" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0102] Predicted events may be newly defined (separately from measured events).

[0103] At least one of the predicted events may correspond to at least one of the measured events. For example, a predicted event may be defined by extending or modifying an existing event (e.g., a measured event).

[0104] UE may predict at least one of the following predicted events: • Event PA1. • Event PA2. • Event PA3. • Event PA4. • Event PA5. • Event PA6. • Event PB1. • Event PB2. • Event PI1.

[0105] Please note that the names and targets of the predicted events mentioned above are merely examples and are not limited to these examples.

[0106] Furthermore, specific predictive events (e.g., event PI1) do not need to be defined, as interference-related events are not used for mobility.

[0107] Event PA1 may, for example, be an event predicting a case where the measurement result of Serving [Cell] is better than a threshold.

[0108] Event PA1 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A1.

[0109] Event PA2 may, for example, be an event predicting a case where the serving [cell] falls below a threshold.

[0110] Event PA2 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A2.

[0111] Event PA3 may also be a prediction event for cases where the measurement result of an adjacent cell (or the measurement result with an offset added) is better than the measurement result of a specific cell (e.g., SpCell) (or the measurement result with an offset added).

[0112] Event PA3 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A3.

[0113] Event PA4 may, for example, be an event predicting a case where the measurement result of an adjacent [cell] (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than a threshold.

[0114] Event PA4 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A4.

[0115] Event PA5 may be a prediction event for a case where, for example, the measurement result of a specific cell (e.g., SpCell) falls below a first threshold, and the measurement result of an adjacent cell (the measurement result plus an offset) falls above a second threshold.

[0116] Event PA5 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A5.

[0117] Event PA6 may also be a prediction event for cases where the measurement result of an adjacent [cell] (the measurement result plus an offset) is better than the measurement result of a serving cell (e.g., SCell) (the measurement result plus an offset).

[0118] Event PA6 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event A6.

[0119] Event PB1 may be, for example, an event predicting a case where the measurement results of adjacent [cells] between RATs are better than a threshold.

[0120] Event PB1 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event B1.

[0121] Event PB2 may be, for example, a prediction event for a case where the measurement result of a specific cell (e.g., PCell) falls below a first threshold, and the measurement result of an adjacent [cell] between RATs (the measurement result plus an offset) falls above a second threshold.

[0122] Event PB2 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event B2.

[0123] Event PI1 may, for example, be a prediction event for a case where the interference measurement result exceeds a threshold.

[0124] Event PI1 may, for example, be an event that corresponds to Event I1.

[0125] The UE may provide reports on predicted events. Such reports may include, for example, information on the predicted events and information related to those predicted events.

[0126] For example, the UE may report whether the reported event is based on prediction or measurement.

[0127] For example, the UE may report whether the event content is based on prediction or measurement. For example, certain bits / information may be added to the event content to indicate whether the event is based on prediction or measurement.

[0128] The UE may be configured to report one or more predicted events (and corresponding reporting content for each event) in a single report.

[0129] The UE may be configured to report on at least one of the events that are set.

[0130] For example, a UE may be configured to report both measured events (existing events) and predicted events using a single event report. In this case, the UE may report either one or both of the configured measured and predicted events using a single report.

[0131] For example, a UE may be configured to report one measured (existing) event using one report, and to report one or more predicted events using another report.

[0132] For example, when a specific functionality / model is activated, the UE may report a [Prediction] event based on the output of the corresponding functionality / model.

[0133] For example, a UE may report an event based on the [RRM] measurement after being instructed to stop / deactivate / fallback a specific function / model, or after reporting that a specific function / model should be stopped / deactivate / fallback.

[0134] When a UE reports a measurement event, the UE may also report information regarding feature / model predictions.

[0135] Figure 12A shows an example of a measurement event and a prediction event. As shown in the example in Figure 12A, existing events and their reporting (measurement events and reports) and new events and their reporting (prediction events and reports) may be defined separately. A measurement event (e.g., event A3) may be triggered based on (by measurement), and a prediction event (e.g., event PA3) may be triggered based on (by prediction).

[0136] Figure 12B shows other examples of measurement and prediction events. As shown in the example in Figure 12B, an existing event may be extended for prediction events (e-event A3 in the example shown in Figure 12B). The extended event X may be, for example, the event PX described above. The extended event may be triggered based on (by) prediction / measurement.

[0137] Figure 12C shows other examples of measurement and prediction events. As shown in the example in Figure 12C, an event (e.g., an existing event) may be implicitly triggered based on the AI / ML model (e.g., the status of the AI / ML model). For example, if the AI / ML model is in a first state (e.g., active), an event (e.g., event A3 (equivalent to event PA3)) may be triggered based on (by prediction). For example, if the AI / ML model is in a second state (e.g., inactive), an event (e.g., event A3) may be triggered based on (by measurement).

[0138] Figure 12D shows other examples of measurement and prediction events. As shown in the example in Figure 12D, the UE may report on multiple events. In the example in Figure 12D, two events are defined / configured within a single reporting setting for measurement and prediction, and either of the two events may be triggered based on measurement or prediction. For example, a measurement event (e.g., event A3) may be triggered based on measurement, and a prediction event (e.g., event PA3) may be triggered based on prediction.

[0139] Figure 12E shows other examples of measurement and prediction events. As shown in the example in Figure 12E, the UE may report on multiple events. In the example in Figure 12E, the measurement events (e.g., events A1 and A3) may each be triggered based on a measurement. In the example in Figure 12E, the prediction events (e.g., events PA1 and PA3) may be defined / configured as events related to multiple event reporting for all predictions. In the example in Figure 12E, either of the prediction events (e.g., events PA1 and PA3) may be triggered based on a prediction.

[0140] (Handover Models) In future wireless communication systems, the introduction of multiple models / cases for handover, based on the prediction of event occurrence and the actual occurrence of events, is being considered.

[0141] One case is a temporal domain prediction aimed at reducing overhead (which may be conveniently called Case B; see Figure 13).

[0142] In this case, the UE reports if the actual measurement and predicted result satisfy the event (e.g., event A3 in the diagram). Subsequently, a handover command is sent / received after handover preparation. Event reporting occurs in the same time instance as the existing system, and the network follows existing rules.

[0143] Another case is a temporal domain prediction aimed at improving handover performance (which may be conveniently called Case A).

[0144] Case A can be broadly divided into two options.

[0145] In one option, the network sends a handover command based on the timing of the actual measurement event, regardless of whether the actual measurement result (the timing of the actual measurement event, e.g., t2) occurs earlier (see Figure 14A) or later (see Figure 14B) than the predicted measurement event (the timing of the predicted measurement event, e.g., t1).

[0146] Note that the transmission / reception timing of the handover command shown in Figures 14A and 14B does not need to strictly coincide with t1 and t2, but may be at any timing after t1 and t2.

[0147] This option may be applied as a forecast for preparing for an early handover.

[0148] In another option, handover preparation begins at the point when the event is predicted to occur (e.g., t0). A handover command is also sent when the conditions for an event (e.g., event A3) are met based on actual measurement results, and the event is predicted to occur within a specific timeframe (e.g., TimeToTrigger (TTT)) (see Figure 15).

[0149] This option may be applied as a forecast for early handover preparation and early handover command (TTT reduction).

[0150] (Conditional Handover (CHO)) Conditional Handover (CHO) was supported in Rel. 16.

[0151] In CHO, the UE may decide whether or not to perform a handover based on certain conditions. CHO may be applied, for example, to Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). NTNs support the following additional trigger conditions for the UE to perform a CHO to a candidate cell: • Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement-based event A4. • Time-based trigger conditions. • Location-based trigger conditions.

[0152] Time-based or location-based trigger conditions are always set in conjunction with one of the measurement-based trigger conditions (e.g., events A3 / A4 / A5 for CHO). How the UE evaluates time-based or location-based trigger conditions together with RRM measurement-based events depends on the UE implementation.

[0153] In future wireless communication systems, it is being considered to enhance CHO (Critical Energy Assessment) through UE (Unified Energy) prediction by adding conditions related to UE prediction in addition to existing conditions.

[0154] (Analysis) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and beyond), as described above, there are plans to improve mobility performance by utilizing predicted measurement events.

[0155] If both predicted and measured measurement events are available, the UE may perform several different actions for reporting the measurement events.

[0156] However, the details of this operation have not been sufficiently examined. If this examination is insufficient, it will not be possible to effectively utilize event prediction, which may prevent the enhancement of mobility performance using AI / ML models and potentially hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0157] Therefore, the present inventors conceived a method to solve the above problem.

[0158] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0159] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0160] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0161] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0162] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0163] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0164] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0165] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0166] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0167] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0168] In this disclosure, the terms used include: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmit entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relationship, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), Antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), Antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), Group (e.g., Spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, Reference Signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control The following terms may be interchangeable: Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc.

[0169] In this disclosure, base station, gNB, and network (NW) may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0170] In this disclosure, "serving," "serving cell," and "serving beam" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0171] In this disclosure, adjacent, adjacent cell, beam different from the serving beam, candidate cell, cell in the candidate cell list, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0172] In this disclosure, TTT, TTC, TTH, timer, counter, time window, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0173] The types of events described in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to those shown.

[0174] The predicted events in this disclosure may be used / applied to event-triggered beam reporting. The UE may predict events and, based on such predictions, provide beam reports. Such beam reports may correspond to the first / second / third reports in this disclosure.

[0175] In this disclosure, event-based beam reporting, event-triggered beam reporting, UE-triggered beam reporting, and UE-initiated beam reporting may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0176] In this disclosure, event-triggered beam reporting may simply be referred to as beam reporting / CSI reporting / L1-RSRP / SINR beam reporting.

[0177] In this disclosure, the terms "predicted [measurement] event," "predicted event," "predicted [measurement] event that is expected to occur," "predicted result of an event," "reported predicted [event]," "prediction of a measurement event," etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0178] In this disclosure, the terms "event that actually occurs," "measurement event," "measurement event that is measured," "measurement result of an event," "measurement event that is reported," "measurement of an event," etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0179] In this disclosure, offset, threshold, error tolerance, tolerance, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0180] (Wireless communication method) The UE may make predictions about events.

[0181] The UE may report on at least one of the predicted event and the measured event, based on at least one of the event prediction results and the measured event.

[0182] For example, the UE may report on anticipated measurement events.

[0183] The report may include, for example, the predicted timing of the predicted event (e.g., Time To Happen (TTH)), the predicted / measured measurement result corresponding to one or more cells, and the cell ID [of those cells].

[0184] In this disclosure, the report may be referred to as the First Report.

[0185] The UE may control the transmission of additional reports (second / third reports) corresponding to the first report, based on the (actual) occurrence / measurement of predicted measurement events.

[0186] In this disclosure, the predicted measurement event may mean a prediction of a measurement event, or it may be at least one of the predicted events described above.

[0187] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to UE behavior when the event prediction is correct.

[0188] Following the first report, the UE may evaluate the input / exit / trigger conditions for the measurement events corresponding to the reported predicted events [based on the measurements].

[0189] The UE may provide a report on the measurement event. In this disclosure, such report may be referred to as the second report.

[0190] The UE may send / perform a second report in at least one of the following options 1-1 to 1-3:

[0191] <<Option 1-1>> The UE may send a second report when the input conditions for the measurement event are met.

[0192] <<Option 1-2>> The UE may send a second report after a certain period of time has elapsed since the input conditions for the measurement event were met.

[0193] The specific period in question may be different from the existing TTT (for example, the period from event input to measurement report / event occurrence for a measurement event), or it may be shorter than the existing TTT.

[0194] This particular period may be called, for example, a shortened / different TTT, or a predicted TTT.

[0195] The UE may determine the predicted TTT value based on predefined specifications, or it may determine the predicted TTT value based on settings / instructions regarding the predicted TTT.

[0196] <<Option 1-3>> The UE may send a second report at the time (TTH) when the predicted event occurs.

[0197] Figure 16 shows an example of the reporting operation according to the first embodiment. Figure 16 shows an example in which the signal quality (measurement result) of the serving cell and adjacent cells changes over time. Figure 16 also shows examples of measurement reports in the existing system, measurement reports in option 1-1, measurement reports in option 1-2, and measurement reports in option 1-3, corresponding to the changes in the measurement results.

[0198] In the example shown in Figure 16, the input condition for the event is that the measurement result of the adjacent cell is better than the measurement result of the serving cell.

[0199] In the example shown in Figure 16, the existing system sends the measurement report after the time to the end of the session (TTT) following the input of the event.

[0200] In the example shown in Figure 16, option 1-1 sends a measurement report (second report) at the time of event input, within the period between the first report on the predicted measurement event and the predicted event occurrence time (TTH).

[0201] In the example shown in Figure 16, option 1-2 sends a measurement report (second report) after a shortened TTT has elapsed from the event input, within the period from the first report regarding the predicted measurement event until the predicted event occurrence time (TTH).

[0202] In the example shown in Figure 16, option 1-3 sends a measurement report (second report) at the time of occurrence (TTH) of the predicted event, following the first report regarding the predicted measurement event.

[0203] Reports relating to options 1-1 / 1-2 / 1-3 above may be submitted if certain conditions (additional conditions) are met.

[0204] The specific condition may, for example, be a condition relating to at least one of the cell in which the event occurs and the timing of the event.

[0205] The conditions for an event occurring in a cell may, for example, be that the same adjacent cell reported in the first report (e.g., an adjacent cell where an event is predicted) is reported in the second report.

[0206] The conditions for the timing of an event may include, for example, that the event input conditions are met and the event occurs within a predicted time instance within a specific offset / threshold (e.g., tolerance) range / gap from the predicted timing of occurrence.

[0207] Furthermore, a correct prediction of an event may mean, for example, that a measurement event corresponding to the predicted event occurs and that the specific conditions are met.

[0208] According to the first embodiment, even if the event prediction is correct, the UE behavior can be appropriately defined.

[0209] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to UE behavior when event prediction is incorrect / inaccurate.

[0210] Following the first report, the UE may evaluate the input / exit / trigger conditions for the measurement events corresponding to the reported predicted events [based on the measurements].

[0211] The UE may provide a report on measurement events. Such report may be at least one of a second report and a report on updating / canceling predicted events in the first report. In this disclosure, the report on updating / canceling predicted events in the first report may be referred to as a third report.

[0212] The third report may include, for example, information about the predicted measurement event to be canceled / updated (e.g., at least one of the TTH to be canceled / updated, the predicted / measured result to be canceled / updated, and the cell ID to be canceled / updated).

[0213] For example, in at least one of the following cases 2-1 to 2-3, the UE may send an update / cancellation report (third report) regarding the predicted event to be reported.

[0214] <<Case 2-1>> The UE may send a third report if the input conditions for the measurement event corresponding to the predicted measurement event are not met by a specific time (Option 2-1-1).

[0215] Furthermore, the UE may send a third report if the exit conditions for the measurement event corresponding to the predicted measurement event are met by a specific time (option 2-1-2).

[0216] This specific timing may be a specific period (e.g., Time To Check (TTC)) prior to the predicted event occurrence time (TTH).

[0217] The TTC value (e.g., timeToCheck), or the offset between TTH and TTC, may be specified in advance in the specifications, set / instructed to the UE, determined based on the UE capability information report, or determined based on at least a combination of these.

[0218] The specific timings related to options 2-1-1 and 2-1-2 may be the same or different.

[0219] The UE may submit the third report at the specific time, or before the expiration of the specific time (for example, if the withdrawal conditions are met by the specific time in option 2-1-2) or after the expiration of the specific time.

[0220] Figures 17A and 17B show an example of the reporting operation related to Case 2-1. Figures 17A and 17B show an example in which the signal quality (measurement result) of the serving cell and adjacent cells changes over time.

[0221] In the example shown in Figure 17A, after the first report is sent, the input conditions for the predicted event are not met. At this time, the UE sends a third report regarding the cancellation of the first report by the time TTH is reversed by TTC.

[0222] In the example shown in Figure 17B, after the first report is sent, the input conditions for the predicted event are met, but then the exit conditions for that event are met. At this point, the UE sends a third report regarding the cancellation of the first report by the time TTH is reversed by TTC.

[0223] <<Case 2-2>> The UE may send a third report if, [by a specific time], the input conditions for the measurement event corresponding to the predicted measurement event are met, and a cell other than the one predicted / reported meets those input conditions.

[0224] The specific timing may be, for example, the timing back from TTH to TTC, the timing between TTH and TTC, the timing back from TTH to TTT, or the timing between TTH and TTT.

[0225] Figure 18 shows an example of the reporting operation related to Case 2-2. Figure 18 shows an example in which the signal quality (measurement result) of the serving cell, adjacent cell 1, and adjacent cell 2 changes over time.

[0226] In the example shown in Figure 18, the UE sends a first report about adjacent cell 1. After the first report is sent, the event input conditions are met for adjacent cell 2 (the event input conditions are not met for adjacent cell 1). At this time, the UE sends a third report regarding the update of the first report (the update from adjacent cell 1 to adjacent cell 2) by the time TTH is reversed by TTC.

[0227] <<Case 2-3>> The UE may send a third report if, [by a specific time], the input conditions for the measurement event corresponding to the predicted measurement event are met, and the difference between the predicted event occurrence time (TTH) and the expected trigger time (of the event) (for example, the time TTT elapsed from the input time to the event) is greater than a specific threshold.

[0228] The specific timing may be, for example, the timing back from TTH to TTC, the timing between TTH and TTC, the timing back from TTH to TTT, or the timing between TTH and TTT.

[0229] The specific threshold may be defined in the specifications beforehand, set / instructed to the UE, determined based on the UE capability information report, or determined based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0230] Figure 19 shows an example of the reporting operation related to Case 2-3. Figure 19 shows an example in which the signal quality (measurement result) of the serving cell and adjacent cells changes over time.

[0231] In the example shown in Figure 19, the UE sends a first report about adjacent cell 1. However, the difference between the predicted event occurrence time (TTH) and the expected event trigger time (TTT) is greater than a certain threshold. In this case, the UE sends a third report about an update to the first report (e.g., an update to TTH) by the time TTT is back from TTH.

[0232] Furthermore, the TTC for the above cases 2-1 (options 2-1-1 / 2-1-2) / 2-2 / 2-3 may be defined / set commonly or separately (differently).

[0233] An incorrect / inaccurate event prediction may mean, for example, that a measurement event corresponding to the predicted event does not occur, or that a cell / TTH related to the predicted event is changed.

[0234] According to the second embodiment, even if the event prediction is incorrect or inaccurate, the UE behavior can be appropriately defined.

[0235] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment relates to UE operation related to conditional handover (CHO).

[0236] The UE may receive a conditional handover command.

[0237] These conditions may include one or more conditions.

[0238] These conditions may include, for example, conditions relating to anticipated measurement events. The UE may receive handover commands based on conditions relating to anticipated measurement events.

[0239] These conditions may include, for example, that the input conditions for the measurement event corresponding to the reported predicted event are met at a specific time.

[0240] The specific timing may be, for example, at least one of the following: the timing back from TTH to TTC, the timing between TTH and TTC, the timing back from TTH to TTT, the timing between TTH and TTT, and the timing specified / set / instructed.

[0241] Furthermore, the conditions may include, for example, that the input to the event continues for the specified / configured / instructed period.

[0242] If the input conditions for a measurement event corresponding to a reported prediction event are met at a specific time, those conditions may include that the adjacent cell corresponding to the measurement event is the same as the adjacent cell corresponding to the prediction event, or that it is a cell in the candidate cell list set / instructed / notified to the UE.

[0243] Furthermore, these conditions may include, for example, that the predicted measurement event is valid at a specific time.

[0244] The specific timing may be, for example, at least one of the following: the timing back from TTH to TTC, the timing between TTH and TTC, the timing back from TTH to TTT, the timing between TTH and TTT, and the timing specified / set / instructed.

[0245] A predicted measurement event may be valid if at least one of the following conditions is met: • There is no update to the TTH, or if there is an update to the TTH, it is within the error tolerance period. • There is no update to the corresponding adjacent cell [ID]. • There is no update to the predicted measurement result, or if there is an update to the predicted measurement result, it is within the error tolerance. • The probability / reliability of the prediction exceeds (and remains above) the threshold.

[0246] The above error tolerance / threshold may be specified in the specifications beforehand, set / instructed to the UE, determined based on the UE capability information report, or determined based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0247] The conditions described in this embodiment may be applied individually or in combination as appropriate. Furthermore, at least one of the conditions described in this embodiment may not be applied.

[0248] According to the third embodiment, UE behavior related to predicted / measured events in accordance with conditional handover can be appropriately defined.

[0249] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0250] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0251] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0252] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0253] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0254] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0255] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0256] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0257] <<Regarding the Application of Each Embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter. - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0258] The specific UE capabilities described above may include at least one of the following: supporting specific processing / operations / controls / information for at least one of the embodiments described above; supporting event prediction; supporting first / second / third reporting; and supporting event combinations.

[0259] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0260] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0261] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0262] Information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples / cases apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples / cases apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: • The information is set by one or more higher-layer parameters / RRC IEs. • The information is determined by one or more relevant higher-layer parameters / RRC IEs. • The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. • The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. • The information is described / defined in the specification. • The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. • The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher-layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0263] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices / cases may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice / case.

[0264] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having a transmitting unit that transmits a first report relating to the prediction of a measurement event, and a control unit that controls reporting at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report based on the occurrence of the measurement event. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit is controlled to make the second report when the measurement event occurs and certain conditions are met. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit is controlled to make the third report when the measurement event does not occur, and when at least one of the cell relating to the prediction and the predicted timing of the occurrence of the measurement event is changed. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit is controlled to receive a handover command based on the conditions relating to the prediction of the measurement event.

[0265] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0266] Figure 20 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0267] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0268] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0269] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0270] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0271] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0272] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0273] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0274] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0275] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0276] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0277] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0278] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0279] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0280] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0281] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0282] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0283] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0284] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0285] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0286] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0287] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0288] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0289] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0290] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0291] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0292] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0293] (Base Station) Figure 21 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0294] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0295] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0296] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0297] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0298] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0299] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0300] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0301] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0302] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0305] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0306] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0308] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0309] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0310] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0311] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0312] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive a first report regarding the prediction of a measurement event. The control unit 110 may control the reception of at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report, which are transmitted based on the occurrence of the measurement event (first / second embodiment).

[0313] (User Terminal) Figure 22 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0314] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0315] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0316] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0317] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0318] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0319] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0320] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0321] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0322] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0323] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0324] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0325] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0326] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0327] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0328] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0329] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0330] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0331] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may transmit a first report regarding the prediction of a measurement event. The control unit 210 may control at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report based on the occurrence of the measurement event (first / second embodiment).

[0332] If the aforementioned measurement event occurs and certain conditions are met, the control unit 210 may be controlled to make the second report (first embodiment).

[0333] In at least one of the following cases, where the measurement event does not occur, or where at least one of the cell relating to the prediction and the predicted timing of the measurement event is changed, the control unit 210 may be controlled to make the third report (second embodiment).

[0334] The control unit 210 may be controlled to receive a handover command based on conditions related to the prediction of the measurement event (third embodiment).

[0335] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0336] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0337] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0338] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0339] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0340] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0341] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0342] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0343] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0344] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0345] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0346] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0347] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0348] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0349] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0350] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0351] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0352] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0353] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0354] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0355] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0356] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0357] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0358] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0359] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0360] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0361] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0362] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0363] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0364] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0365] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0366] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0367] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0368] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0369] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0370] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0371] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0372] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0373] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0374] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0375] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0376] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0377] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0378] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0379] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0380] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0381] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0382] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0383] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0384] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0385] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0386] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0387] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0388] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0389] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0390] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0391] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0392] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0393] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0394] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0395] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0396] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0397] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0398] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0399] Figure 24 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0400] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0401] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0402] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0403] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0404] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0405] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0406] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0407] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0408] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0409] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0410] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0411] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0412] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0413] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0414] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0415] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0416] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0417] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0418] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0419] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0420] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0421] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0422] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0423] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0424] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0425] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0426] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0427] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0428] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0429] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0430] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0431] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0432] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0433] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a transmitting unit that transmits a first report concerning the prediction of a measurement event, and a control unit that controls at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report based on the occurrence of the measurement event.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein, when the measurement event occurs and specific conditions are met, the control unit controls the terminal to make the second report.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein in at least one of the cases in which the measurement event does not occur, or in which at least one of the cell relating to the prediction and the predicted timing of the occurrence of the measurement event is changed, the control unit controls to make the third report.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the terminal to receive a handover command based on conditions relating to the prediction of the measurement event.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: transmitting a first report relating to the prediction of a measurement event; and controlling at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report based on the occurrence of the measurement event.

6. A base station having a receiving unit that receives a first report concerning the prediction of a measurement event, and a control unit that controls the reception of at least one of a second report and a third report corresponding to the first report, which are transmitted based on the occurrence of the measurement event.

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