Power grid operating system using transportation infrastructure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power grid operating system using transportation infrastructure. A task to be solved is to efficiently store, transport, and distribute renewable energy by using pre-established transportation infrastructure, such as railways, roads, airways, and seaways, thereby enhancing stability and sustainability for an existing power grid and minimizing power generation constraints, power transmission losses, and power grid construction costs. As an example, disclosed is a power grid operating system using transportation infrastructure, the system comprising: a BESS transportation means for transporting, through pre-established transportation infrastructure, a BESS charged at a BESS charging station; a power transmission-level BESS hub for receiving a BESS from the BESS charging station through the BESS transportation means, and performing power distribution and power trading for the received BESS; and a power distribution-level BESS hub for receiving a BESS distributed from the power transmission-level BESS hub through the BESS transportation means or receiving a BESS directly from the BESS charging station through the BESS transportation means, and performing power trading for the received BESS.

Description

Power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure

[0001] An embodiment of the present invention relates to a system for operating a power grid by utilizing pre-established transportation infrastructure, and more specifically, to a power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure such as railways, roads, public roads, and sea routes as energy transport routes, which enables power grid operation that replaces or supplements the existing power grid by storing, transporting, and distributing a large-capacity BESS based on renewable energy.

[0002] Recently, as environmental pollution issues such as fine dust and global warming have intensified, interest in renewable energy capable of replacing conventional fossil fuel-based electricity has been growing as a means to mitigate these problems. In particular, renewable energy sources dependent on climate resources, such as solar, wind, and tidal power, have the advantage of minimizing carbon emissions; however, they possess structural limitations, including high variability in power generation and concentration in specific regions. Consequently, discrepancies between the production and consumption of renewable energy occur frequently, highlighting the growing need for effective storage and transport technologies.

[0003] At the same time, active research is being conducted on technologies that appropriately adjust the supply of electrical energy according to user power demand in order to maximize the efficiency of electrical energy by minimizing wasted electrical energy. The mismatch between power demand and supply is intensifying with the expansion of renewable energy, and there is a growing need for Time Shift technology, which stores energy during periods of surplus supply and retrieves it when needed, and Grid Shift technology, which redistributes supply volume between regions. To realize these technologies, advanced demand forecasting algorithms based on large-scale energy storage systems (BESS) and flexible power flow control technologies are becoming increasingly important.

[0004] Previously, the use of transmission lines to deliver electrical energy to demand has been widely employed. However, given the high costs involved in constructing these lines and the difficulty of covering wide areas, there is a need for research into methods to supply electrical energy to diverse demand sectors without the need for such infrastructure. The installation of ultra-high voltage transmission lines entails various constraints, including long construction periods, environmental damage, public acceptance issues, and restrictions on installation routes. In particular, there is a problem in that extensive expansion of the transmission network is unavoidable to transport power from areas with concentrated renewable energy complexes to urban demand centers. Nevertheless, existing transmission networks are already highly congested, leading to persistent structural bottlenecks such as an increase in wasted renewable energy generation that cannot be transmitted.

[0005] As such, existing power grids are struggling to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for renewable energy and electricity. Furthermore, in countries like Korea, which have limited land area and high population density, the construction of new power grids leads to social conflict and cost issues, making the development of alternative grids necessary. In particular, Korea's mountainous terrain restricts the construction of transmission lines, and the establishment of new large-scale transmission networks tends to lead to significant social conflict. Under these circumstances, there is a need for new energy storage, transportation, and distribution systems capable of supplementing or replacing existing transmission networks. Consequently, a new concept of power grid construction technology that utilizes existing transportation infrastructure to physically transport electricity is emerging as a viable alternative.

[0006] Patent documents related to the present invention include Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2594740 (Registration date: October 23, 2023) and Published Patent Publication No. 10-2023-0123064 (Publication date: August 23, 2023).

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure that can enhance the stability and sustainability of the existing power grid and minimize power generation constraints, transmission losses, and power grid construction costs by efficiently storing, transporting, and distributing renewable energy using existing transportation infrastructure such as railways, roads, public roads, and sea routes.

[0008] In addition, moving away from the conventional method of transmitting electrical energy through power lines, we provide a power grid operation system utilizing transport infrastructure that can fundamentally resolve the limitations of the existing power grid by physically transporting large-scale BESS to the required areas using transport infrastructure.

[0009] In addition, it provides a power grid operation system utilizing transport infrastructure that can reduce environmental and economic burdens by resolving the issue of renewable energy output limitations, eliminating losses during long-distance transmission, and replacing the construction of new transmission networks.

[0010] Furthermore, by implementing a demand-centered energy distribution structure, it realizes a flexible power grid structure capable of supplying necessary power to load-concentrated areas such as cities and industrial complexes in a timely manner according to time and space. Moreover, it provides a power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure that strengthens grid resilience and contributes to enhancing the stability of the entire national energy system by enabling the transportation infrastructure-based power grid to function as an independent alternative power supply system even in emergency situations.

[0011] A power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a BESS transport means for transporting a BESS charged at a BESS charging station through a pre-established transport infrastructure; a transmission-class BESS hub for receiving a BESS from the BESS charging station through the BESS transport means and performing power distribution and power trading for the received BESS; and a distribution-class BESS hub for receiving a BESS distributed from the transmission-class BESS hub through the BESS transport means, but directly receiving a BESS from the BESS charging station through the BESS transport means and performing power trading for the received BESS.

[0012] In addition, the above transportation infrastructure may include at least one transportation route among railways, roads, public roads, and sea routes.

[0013] In addition, it may further include a charging energy management unit installed at the above BESS charging station and controlling and managing the process of charging the BESS of the above BESS transport vehicle.

[0014] In addition, it may further include a transmission energy management unit installed in the transmission-level BESS hub, which controls the supply and demand process of the transmission-level BESS, the power distribution process to the distribution-level BESS hub utilizing an operation algorithm based on demand forecasting, and the power sales process targeting at least one of an electric business operator and an electric consumer, and monitors events occurring during the control process.

[0015] In addition, it may further include a distribution energy management unit installed in the distribution-level BESS hub, which controls the distribution-level BESS supply and demand process, the power sales process targeting at least one of an electric business operator and an electric consumer, and monitors events occurring during the control process.

[0016] In addition, it may further include an integrated operation management unit that operates the power grid by performing dispatch and transportation management of the BESS transportation means, taking into account the timing of power demand between the BESS charging station, the transmission-class BESS hub, the distribution-class BESS hub, the electric business operator, and the electric consumer, according to a plurality of pre-set operation modes.

[0017] In addition, the integrated operation management unit can determine and control the transportation timing, transportation route, and transportation sequence of the BESS transportation means in a non-real-time manner based on the operation mode, thereby integrating time shift operation to adjust the temporal discrepancy between power demand and supply, and grid shift operation for spatial distribution of power grid load.

[0018] Additionally, the above operating mode may include: the first operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power transmission and distribution for the BESS are carried out in the order of the BESS charging station, the transmission-class BESS hub, and the distribution-class BESS hub; the second operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power distribution for the BESS is carried out from the BESS charging station to the distribution-class BESS hub; and the third operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power trading for the BESS is carried out from the BESS charging station to an electricity business operator and an electricity consumer.

[0019] Additionally, the above operating mode may further include the fourth operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that bidirectional distribution of the BESS is achieved between at least one hub among the transmission-class BESS hubs and the distribution-class BESS hubs.

[0020] According to the present invention, by utilizing existing transportation infrastructure such as railways, roads, public roads, and sea routes to efficiently store, transport, and distribute renewable energy, a power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure can be provided that enhances the stability and sustainability of the existing power grid and minimizes power generation constraints, transmission losses, and power grid construction costs.

[0021] In addition, the power grid operation system utilizing the transportation infrastructure according to the present invention can resolve existing power grid saturation and shortage issues, increase economic efficiency by utilizing existing infrastructure, respond to variability in renewable energy, enable efficient energy supply to cities and industrial centers, and provide carbon neutrality and sustainability.

[0022] In particular, the railway infrastructure according to the present invention is already connected to major load centers, so it can compensate for the limitations of the existing power grid through energy storage and physical transportation via an alternative power grid.

[0023] FIGS. 1 and 2 are block diagrams showing the overall configuration of a power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIGS. 3 and FIGS. 4 are drawings illustrating an operating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIGS. 5 to 8 are drawings illustrating the configuration and operation of a power grid operating system utilizing the transport infrastructure according to the operating mode shown in FIG. 2.

[0026] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a BESS train according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a BESS hub according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIGS. 1 and 2 are block diagrams showing the overall configuration of a power grid operating system utilizing transportation infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 3 and 4 are drawings showing an operating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 5 to 8 are drawings showing the configuration operation of a power grid operating system utilizing transportation infrastructure according to an operating mode shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 9 is a predicted diagram showing a BESS train according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a predicted diagram showing a BESS hub according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a power grid operation system (1000) utilizing a transport infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present invention may include at least one of a BESS transport means (100), a transmission-class BESS hub (200), a distribution-class BESS hub (300), a charging energy management unit (400), a transmission energy management unit (500), a distribution energy management unit (600), and an integrated operation management unit (700).

[0030] A power grid operation system (1000) utilizing transport infrastructure according to an embodiment of the present invention is configured to transmit energy by replacing the transmission path of an existing power grid, by charging large-scale renewable energy from a BESS charging station (10) to a BESS transport means (100), and then physically moving the charged BESS along established transport infrastructure such as railways, roads, public roads, and sea roads. This physical movement-based transmission method can fundamentally avoid heat loss occurring during the electrical transmission process, thereby maximizing the utilization rate of large-scale renewable energy. The charged renewable energy can be transported to a load center in conjunction with such transport infrastructure. Furthermore, at the load center, a transmission-grade BESS hub (200) and a distribution-grade BESS hub (300) capable of accommodating BESS transport vehicles (100) are respectively installed. Each hub is equipped with facilities for settling large-scale or small-to-medium-scale BESS transport vehicles and performing discharge and power conversion, as well as an energy management system including a prediction-based energy scheduling algorithm. This allows for power release, power trading, and BESS redistribution tailored to local power demand to be carried out in real-time or non-real-time. Additionally, by providing supply and demand management and auxiliary services for electric energy through the energy management system, the flexibility and resilience of the power grid can be increased. Furthermore, by utilizing existing infrastructure directly connected to the load center, such as railway stations or subway stations, energy movement between hubs can be optimized, thereby simultaneously implementing spatial movement-based power redistribution functions and time-delay-based power supply functions. This can effectively mitigate the problem of inter-regional power imbalance that is difficult for the existing grid to handle. Moreover, in the event of a failure in the transmission or distribution network, an emergency power grid can be constructed to supply emergency power.

[0031] In this embodiment, the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) refers to a battery energy storage system composed of a battery, a Battery Management System (BMS), an inverter, etc.

[0032] The above BESS charging station (10) may refer to a place equipped with charging facilities capable of charging electric energy to the BESS and a charging management system capable of monitoring and controlling the charging status. It may also be a power plant that generates renewable energy, for example, a solar power plant built in the West Coast region. However, in this embodiment, the BESS charging station (10) is not limited to a solar power plant, but various power plants capable of producing renewable energy, such as wind power plants and tidal power plants, can be applied. Furthermore, the above BESS charging station (10) may be configured to enable data-based operation to maximize efficiency by setting the charging priority of the BESS by comprehensively considering the real-time power generation amount, predicted power generation amount, charging schedule, and grid connection status of the power plant complex. Through this, it can function as an energy hub that can optimally store surplus power from the power plant and connect it to a subsequent transmission or distribution path.

[0033] A charging energy management unit (400) is installed in the above BESS charging station (10) to control and manage charging for BESS transport vehicles (100). The charging energy management unit (400) continuously monitors the remaining capacity, charging status, temperature, and performance degradation indicators of the BESS, and can be configured to prevent overcharging, equalize charging, and take preemptive measures based on fault prediction by applying parallel charging control and charging scheduling algorithms for multiple BESS transport vehicles (100). In addition, the charging energy management unit (400) can manage the BESS to maintain the most suitable state at the time of moving to a transmission-level or distribution-level hub by performing a time-series-based charging optimization function to respond to renewable energy output variability.

[0034] The aforementioned transport infrastructure may include at least one transport route among railways, roads, public roads, and sea routes, and an alternative power grid can be realized as the path along which the BESS is transported through this infrastructure forms transmission and distribution routes. In other words, the transport infrastructure itself functions as a new type of mobile power grid that replaces fixed power lines, and the transport network formed along the infrastructure's route effectively performs the role of a physical transmission or distribution network. This allows for the direct supply of the required amount of energy to load centers while avoiding the geographical constraints or transmission congestion of existing power grids, and by combining different infrastructures such as railways, roads, air, and sea, it is possible to secure power redistribution between regions or power supply stability based on multipaths.

[0035] The above BESS transport means (100) can carry a BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) charged at a BESS charging station (10) and transport the BESS to a destination via a transport infrastructure. At this time, the above BESS transport means (100) may include a dedicated platform that goes beyond a simple transport means to perform safe fixing of the BESS, vibration mitigation, temperature management, and status monitoring. It may also be designed to respond to shocks or environmental changes that may occur during transport, thereby configuring it to minimize performance degradation of the BESS. Furthermore, during the transport process, key status information such as the remaining capacity, temperature, and internal resistance of the BESS can be transmitted in real time to an upper system to support preparatory work at a transmission-grade or distribution-grade BESS hub.

[0036] As described above, railway infrastructure can be applied as an example of transportation infrastructure, and accordingly, the BESS transport means (100) can perform the role of transporting (physically transmitting) BESS charged through the charging facilities of the BESS charging station (10) to a transmission-grade BESS hub (200) by applying BESS trains, or transporting (physically distributing) BESS distributed from the transmission-grade BESS hub (200) to a distribution-grade BESS hub (300). When utilizing railway infrastructure, there are advantages such as high transportation stability based on fixed tracks and the ability to load large-capacity BESS, and railway infrastructure is particularly suitable as a large-scale energy transmission path in that major railway stations are already closely connected to load centers. In addition, BESS trains can be operated systematically according to specific time periods, making it advantageous to perform alternative transmission functions based on Time Shift.

[0037] Of course, the BESS transport means (100) can be not only a BESS train, but also a BESS vehicle if the existing transport infrastructure is a road, a BESS aircraft (e.g., a drone) if the transport infrastructure is a public road, and a BESS ship if the transport infrastructure is a sea route. These various transport options allow for the formation of an optimal combination depending on regional characteristics or the level of infrastructure development; for example, island areas or areas where ground transportation is difficult can be connected by BESS aircraft, while coastal areas or island areas can secure a route for renewable energy using BESS ships. Road-based BESS vehicles are particularly useful for establishing detailed power distribution routes within cities or in areas where railway access is difficult.

[0038] In this embodiment, rather than applying only a single transportation infrastructure, a combination of transportation infrastructures can be adopted and implemented depending on the alternative power grid construction status and operating environment. For example, it can be implemented in various combined forms depending on the alternative power grid construction status or operating environment, such as a combination of railway and road, a combination of railway and public road, a combination of railway and sea road, a combination of railway, road and public road, or a combination of railway, road, and sea road. Through such a combined structure, the advantages of each infrastructure can be utilized complementarily. For instance, an advanced hybrid power grid can be configured by performing large-capacity long-distance power transmission via railway and then distributing power to specific demand areas within the city using road-based BESS vehicles. Furthermore, by securing multiple paths, network-type resilience can be secured to maintain power supply even if a specific infrastructure experiences a temporary failure.

[0039] However, among the transportation infrastructures applicable in this embodiment, railway infrastructure is already connected to major load centers and can effectively compensate for the limitations of the existing power grid through energy storage and physical transportation; therefore, it is desirable to adopt and implement it as an essential component in the configuration of various transportation infrastructure combinations. Railway infrastructure is suitable for the repeated transportation of large-scale BESS, and since the installation location of the transmission-grade hub naturally coincides with the center of a major city, social costs associated with the expansion of existing transmission lines can be drastically reduced. In addition, predictable energy delivery plans can be established based on railway operation schedules, thereby improving the precision of power grid operation.

[0040] In this embodiment, the BESS hub refers to a place capable of performing functions such as power transmission, power distribution, and provision of auxiliary services using a BESS transport means (100). As described below, it can be broadly classified into a power transmission-class BESS hub (200) and a power distribution-class BESS hub (300).

[0041] The above transmission-grade BESS hub (200) can receive (physically transmit) BESS distributed from a BESS charging station (10) through a large-scale BESS transport means (100), and can perform power distribution and power trading for the received BESS. Here, the transmission-grade BESS hub (200) is equipped with a high-output inverter, power conversion module, grid-connected switch, safety isolation device, and high-precision measuring equipment to handle large-scale energy, thereby stably performing the process of receiving and sending large-scale BESS. It may also include a function to automatically read the remaining capacity, temperature, and internal condition upon the arrival of the BESS to determine the level at which it can be introduced into the power grid. Additionally, the transmission-grade BESS hub (200) can analyze power demand fluctuations in load centers using a demand forecasting-based algorithm and then dynamically determine the amount of energy to be distributed to a distribution-grade BESS hub (300) or a specific consumer.

[0042] A transmission energy management unit (500) is installed in the transmission-level BESS hub (200) to control and monitor all events related to the energy supply and demand process at the transmission level, energy sales, and the sale of energy-related auxiliary services. The transmission energy management unit (500) establishes a BESS dispatch plan based on real-time status data and past transport records, performs scheduling to ensure that multiple BESS entry and exit operations within the transmission-level hub are carried out without conflict, and performs advanced management functions such as determining whether to provide auxiliary services, such as voltage maintenance, frequency adjustment, and reserve capacity, according to the status of the connected grid. In addition, it can perform economic optimization by comprehensively managing energy transaction history, price signals, and requests for supply volume adjustment.

[0043] The above transmission-grade BESS hub (200), when applied to railway infrastructure, can be installed at a major railway station capable of accommodating large-scale BESS trains, and after distributing to medium and small-scale BESS trains respectively, the distributed BESS can be distributed to a distribution-grade BESS hub (300). This configuration enables the transmission of large-scale energy to the city center without the need for additional existing transmission lines, and has a very high suitability for the function of a transmission-grade hub in that the physical infrastructure of a railway station is already a central point of a network capable of long-distance, medium-distance, and short-distance travel. Furthermore, by separating large-scale BESS into multiple medium and small-scale units and distributing them to various distribution-grade hubs, a distributed power supply structure can be realized, which can provide the effect of strengthening regional power stability.

[0044] In addition, the transmission-grade BESS hub (200) can sell BESS transported via large-scale BESS trains to electricity providers or directly to large consumers, and all power trading events related to such power trading can be controlled and monitored through the transmission energy management unit (500). In particular, the direct sales function at the transmission-grade hub enables various business models such as responding to peak demand at the corporate level, securing power stability for super-large consumers like data centers, and participating in the wholesale power market. Furthermore, the procedures and settlement of power trading are automated through the transmission energy management unit (500), allowing for high transparency and accuracy to be maintained. Additionally, power trading events can be linked with time-based profitability analysis and long-term demand forecasting models, thereby contributing to the operational efficiency of the entire power grid.

[0045] The above distribution-class BESS hub (300) receives BESS distributed from the transmission-class BESS hub (200) via a BESS transport means (100), but can also directly receive BESS from a BESS charging station (10) via a BESS transport means (100) and perform power trading for the received BESS. The distribution-class BESS hub (300) functions as an intermediate point to meet power demand at the city or regional level and may include BESS step-by-step discharge control, voltage stabilization, and load response control functions to perform power distribution functions tailored to small-scale demand areas. In addition, it has a flexible structure that can be utilized not only when receiving energy distributed from the transmission-class hub but also when receiving energy directly from a BESS charging station (10) as needed, thereby responding to regional power shortages or emergency demands. This structure supports independent energy operation based on BESS even at the ends of the power grid and can serve as a foundation for improving the decentralization and resilience of the regional power grid.

[0046] A distribution energy management unit (600) is installed in the distribution-level BESS hub (300) to control and monitor all events related to the energy supply and demand process at the distribution level, energy sales, and the sales process of energy-related auxiliary services. The distribution energy management unit (600) can optimize the energy supply amount by considering demand patterns that fluctuate relatively quickly and in small units due to the characteristics of the distribution network, and performs control logic to ensure stable power supply by analyzing real-time demand information of small and medium-sized consumers, voltage changes in the local system, and the risk of reverse transmission. In addition, it is designed to perform major auxiliary services required at the distribution level, such as maintaining the frequency of the local power grid, alleviating distribution network congestion, and reducing peak load, and all related events can be continuously recorded and analyzed by the management unit.

[0047] The above distribution-grade BESS hub (300), when applied to railway infrastructure, can be installed at major subway stations capable of accommodating small and medium-sized BESS trains, and can enable the BESS transported via small and medium-sized BESS trains to be sold directly to electricity providers or small and medium-sized electricity consumers. Since most subway stations are located in the city center or the center of a residential area, the distance to local demand sites is very short, resulting in high distribution efficiency, and the energy supply schedule can be stably adjusted thanks to the punctuality of the subway infrastructure. In addition, by utilizing multiple entrances and transfer structures, accessibility of BESS transport means can be improved, allowing for the rapid entry and exit of multiple BESSs. Through this, a detailed energy supply system capable of responding to minute changes in demand at the city level can be established.

[0048] At this time, all power trading events, such as selling BESS transported via small-to-medium-sized BESS trains to electric business operators or to small-to-medium-sized consumers, can be controlled and monitored through the distribution energy management unit (600). Power trading events require complex information processing procedures including energy release amount, trading time, trading unit price, contract conditions, and supply stability standards, and the distribution energy management unit (600) automatically verifies and records this to enable profitability analysis and the establishment of operational strategies based on accumulated data. In addition, by immediately detecting power quality issues or stability problems that may occur during the trading process and taking appropriate measures, the reliability of energy trading conducted at the distribution-level hub can be enhanced.

[0049] The charging energy management unit (400) is installed at the BESS charging station (10) and can control and manage the process of charging the BESS of the BESS transport vehicle (100). The charging energy management unit (400) can automatically generate an optimal charging profile by comprehensively monitoring real-time fluctuations in renewable energy generation, predicted generation, remaining BESS capacity, charging speed, and temperature information, and includes safety functions such as preventing overcharging, cell equalization, thermal management, and detection of abnormal conditions during charging. In addition, when multiple BESS transport vehicles (100) arrive at the charging station simultaneously, it can maximize charging efficiency by performing priority-based charging scheduling, and can dynamically adjust the charging amount and charging speed by considering the time of charging completion and the subsequent plan to move to a transmission-grade or distribution-grade BESS hub. Furthermore, the charging energy management unit (400) can store and analyze charging history data to support long-term BESS performance degradation prediction, maintenance planning, and optimization of the charging station's operation strategy.

[0050] The above transmission energy management unit (500) is installed in a transmission-level BESS hub (200) and controls the supply and demand process of the transmission-level BESS, the power distribution process to the distribution-level BESS hub (300) using an operation algorithm based on demand forecasting, and the power sales process targeting at least one of the electric business operator and the electric consumer, and can monitor all events occurring during the control process. The transmission energy management unit (500) can continuously analyze the BESS input / output timing, remaining energy amount, power conversion efficiency, and immediate demand of the distribution-level hub based on high-precision measuring equipment and a real-time data acquisition module in accordance with the characteristics of the transmission-level hub that handles large-scale energy flow, and can dynamically adjust the power flow to prevent energy excess or shortage by utilizing this information. In addition, it can calculate the power demand and expected supply and demand amount by time of day by running an artificial intelligence-based demand forecasting model, and determine the priority distribution path between distribution-level hubs or automatically generate a direct supply schedule for a specific large consumer based on the results. In addition, the transmission energy management department (500) can ensure the accuracy and transparency of energy trading by comprehensively verifying the transaction unit price, contract conditions, and supply stability standards during the power sales process, and by recording and monitoring all transaction events related to power sales. Furthermore, by determining and executing auxiliary services at the transmission level, such as maintaining power quality within the hub, stabilizing frequency, and providing reserve power, the stability and reliability of the entire power grid can be improved.

[0051] The above distribution energy management unit (600) is installed in the distribution-level BESS hub (300) and controls the power sales (power distribution) process targeting at least one of the electric business operator and the electric consumer based on the distribution-level BESS supply and demand process and a smart distribution algorithm for stabilizing the regional power grid, and can monitor all events occurring during the control process. The distribution energy management unit (600) can precisely adjust the energy supply amount at the small and medium scale level by considering the rapid and detailed load fluctuations characteristic of the distribution network in real time, and can automatically generate a distribution plan optimized for the energy supply demand at the regional level by analyzing the remaining capacity, dischargeable output, and distribution priority of the BESS arriving at the distribution-level BESS hub (300). In addition, it can strengthen the stability of the regional grid by detecting factors causing grid instability that may occur during voltage maintenance, frequency stabilization, and connection of distributed resources in the regional power grid, and by performing immediate correction control using the BESS when necessary. Furthermore, based on the contract conditions and usage patterns of various types of consumers, such as electric business operators and small and medium-sized consumers, the power sales schedule can be configured, and the calculation of transaction unit prices, sales history management, and settlement procedures can be automated to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of power trading conducted at the distribution hub. All such operational events are recorded, monitored, and analyzed by the distribution energy management department (600) and can be reflected in long-term demand forecasting and the establishment of operational strategies.

[0052] The integrated operation management unit (700) can operate an alternative power grid by performing dispatch and transportation management of BESS transport means (100) between the BESS charging station (10), transmission-class BESS hub (200), distribution-class BESS hub (200), electric business operator, and electric consumer according to the first to fourth operation modes. The integrated operation management unit (700) performs the role of central control of the entire system and, going beyond simply monitoring energy flow between each hub, can generate an optimal energy movement plan in real-time or non-real-time by comprehensively analyzing BESS charging status, possible transportation routes, remaining energy per hub, expected demand, and availability of transport means. In addition, since the power supply method and route structure required for each of the first to fourth operation modes are different, the integrated operation management unit (700) can maintain the continuity and stability of energy supply by automatically applying dispatch logic suitable for the corresponding mode. Furthermore, by comprehensively reflecting external data such as the status information of the transport infrastructure, weather information, congestion levels by hub, and emergency supply requests, the energy transport strategy can be dynamically adjusted. Additionally, by recording and analyzing transport events, power trading events, and the history of auxiliary service execution occurring throughout the system, it is possible to support long-term operational optimization and the establishment of advanced grid response strategies. Through these functions, the integrated operation management unit (700) can manage the entire structure of the alternative power grid as a single expandable network and function as a core control center that strengthens the stability and resilience of the grid.

[0053] The operating mode according to the present embodiment may be classified into first to fourth operating modes. Each operating mode is designed to have different movement methods, supply and demand paths, and power supply structures for the BESS, and the integrated operation management unit may selectively apply the corresponding mode depending on the conditions of the power grid, fluctuations in demand, the need for emergency supply, etc.

[0054] The first operating mode described above is an alternative power grid mode that operates as 'BESS charging station (10) → transmission-grade BESS hub (100) → distribution-grade BESS hub (200)' as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, and enables the dispatch and transportation management of BESS transport means (10) so that transmission and distribution to BESS are carried out according to normal operating policies. This mode has a structure similar to the transmission and distribution stages of an existing power grid, and takes the form in which large-scale renewable energy is naturally distributed to distribution-grade hubs in urban and industrial areas via transmission-grade hubs. Through this, it is possible to maintain a stable energy supply while responding to changes in demand by time of day, and it functions as an alternative transmission structure that can avoid transmission line congestion or transmission constraints.

[0055] The second operating mode described above is a distributed power generation mode (distribution-class BESS hub-centered operation) operated as a ‘BESS charging station (10) → distribution-class BESS hub (300)’ as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, and enables the dispatch and transportation management of BESS transport means (100) so that power distribution for BESS is carried out from the BESS charging station (10) to the distribution-class BESS hub (300). Unlike the first operating mode, by omitting the transmission-class hub stage, a structure is formed in which energy is moved directly from the power source to the local distribution network, which enables rapid local power supply and demand response compared to large-scale centralized power generation methods. In addition, it can quickly resolve supply and demand imbalances in specific regions, thereby significantly improving power stability at the local level.

[0056] The above third operating mode is a microgrid mode (direct load connection operation) operated from 'BESS charging station (10) → load' as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, and enables the dispatch and transportation management of BESS transport means (100) so that power trading for BESS can take place from the BESS charging station (10) to the electric power company and the electric power consumer. This mode functions as an independent energy delivery system that supplies power directly to a specific load without passing through the power grid, and enables stable power supply to consumers where supply interruption is not permitted, such as data centers, hospitals, and industrial facilities. In addition, since independent operation in the form of a microgrid becomes possible in a specific area, it is also very effective for establishing an emergency power grid in the event of a disaster or power grid failure.

[0057] The above-mentioned fourth operating mode is a bidirectional operating mode (BESS hub bidirectional operation) operated as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, such as 'transmission-class BESS hub (200) → transmission-class BESS hub (200), distribution-class BESS hub (300) → distribution-class BESS hub (300), transmission-class BESS hub (200) → distribution-class BESS hub (300)', and enables the dispatch and transportation management of BESS transport means (100) so that bidirectional distribution (bidirectional power supply) for BESS is achieved between transmission-class BESS hubs (200), between distribution-class BESS hubs (300), and between at least one hub among transmission-class BESS hubs (200) and distribution-class BESS hubs (300). Unlike the unidirectional flow of the existing power grid, this mode allows energy flow to move freely between hubs, thereby realizing a Grid Shift function that redistributes excess power from a specific area to a required area. Furthermore, it enables flexible power supply based on multiple paths, supporting various operational objectives such as alleviating grid congestion, balancing power between regions, and responding to emergencies, and can be considered a key operational mode that maximizes the resilience of the alternative power grid.

[0058] The first operating mode according to the present embodiment allows the alternative grid to operate in a normal state, thereby reducing congestion in the existing power grid. In particular, it can stably deliver the same supply amount while avoiding structural constraints of the existing power grid, such as transmission line overload, renewable energy output limitations, and bottlenecks at specific substations, which can effectively disperse the operational pressure of the entire power grid. Furthermore, the transmission method based on BESS transport enables large-scale energy movement without the need for construction work to increase the capacity of power lines, thus providing the advantage of reducing long-term transmission grid investment costs.

[0059] In addition, the second and third operating modes can perform a scale shift operation that supplies utility-class resources in a distributed resource manner using transport infrastructure and BESS. Accordingly, while the existing power grid supplies power sequentially through the generation, transmission, and distribution stages, the alternative grid using the second and third operating modes according to this embodiment enables direct power supply from generation to distribution. This has the effect of transforming a centralized generation structure into a regionally based distributed generation structure, and can very quickly alleviate power supply and demand imbalances in specific regions. Furthermore, since renewable energy produced at power complexes moves directly to hubs near demand centers without undergoing long-distance transmission, transmission losses can be drastically reduced, and the risk of a single point of failure in the existing system caused by natural disasters or equipment failures can be significantly lowered through the supply of distributed BESS.

[0060] In addition, unlike the existing power grid which operates in a one-way manner, the fourth operating mode can ensure free power supply between hubs through two-way operation. That is, it is configured so that energy flows can be exchanged between transmission-level hubs, between distribution-level hubs, and between transmission-level hubs and distribution-level hubs, thereby enabling the balanced resolution of energy disparities between regions. This two-way structure allows for immediate supply and demand balance adjustment by immediately moving surplus energy generated in a specific region to another region, and forms a network-type power supply system capable of flexibly responding to the irregular generation patterns of renewable energy.

[0061] Furthermore, while the existing power grid operates in real-time, the alternative grid based on the first to fourth operating modes operates in a non-real-time manner; thus, it eliminates the need for complex monitoring and control algorithms required for real-time operation, enabling time-shift operation. This means that it is possible to store energy in advance to avoid specific time periods when generation is low or demand is high, and then move the BESS to the required time. This is highly effective in alleviating supply pressure caused by changes in power demand over time. Additionally, strategic energy transport tailored to fluctuations in electricity market prices is possible, thereby maximizing economic operational efficiency.

[0062] The above integrated operation management unit (700) can determine and control the transportation time, transportation route, and transportation order of the BESS transportation means (100) in a non-real-time manner based on pre-set operation modes, thereby integrating time shift operation to adjust the temporal discrepancy between power demand and supply and grid shift operation for spatial distribution of power grid load.

[0063] More specifically, the integrated operation management unit (700) can determine and control the transportation timing, transportation route, and transportation sequence of the BESS transport means (100) in a non-real-time manner based on each of the first to fourth pre-set operation modes. In this case, the non-real-time method refers to a method that establishes a transportation plan by comprehensively considering pre-predicted power demand patterns, generation plans, power market price information, and the availability of transportation infrastructure, rather than a method that reacts immediately to real-time grid frequency or voltage fluctuations. Through this non-real-time control, the integrated operation management unit (700) can perform time shift operations to adjust the temporal mismatch between power demand and supply. For example, the BESS can be charged and transported during a time period when renewable energy generation is relatively high, and then the transportation timing can be adjusted so that the BESS reaches a transmission-level BESS hub (200), a distribution-level BESS hub (300), or an electricity consumer in accordance with a time period when power demand surges. Through this, the time gap between the generation and consumption points can be buffered by moving the BESS physically.

[0064] In addition, the integrated operation management unit (700) can perform grid shift operations to resolve spatial imbalances in power grid loads in conjunction with time shift operations. That is, if there is surplus power in a transmission-class BESS hub (200) or a distribution-class BESS hub (300) in a specific region, the transport route and destination of the BESS transport means (100) can be determined to move the power to a hub or demand area in another region. Accordingly, the state of excess or shortage of power between regions can be adjusted through physical power transfer.

[0065] In this way, the integrated operation management unit (700) can perform time shift operations and grid shift operations individually, and can combine the two operations within the same transportation plan. For example, time adjustment and spatial dispersion can be achieved simultaneously by moving a BESS charged during nighttime hours in a specific region to match the daytime peak demand hours in another region.

[0066] In addition, such time shift and grid shift operations can be selectively applied in any one or more of the first to fourth operation modes, and the integrated operation management unit (700) can dynamically adjust the intensity and priority of the application of the operation according to the state of the power grid, demand variability, hub congestion, and whether there is an emergency situation. Through this, the integrated operation management unit (700) can realize a plan-based advanced alternative power grid operation that is distinct from the real-time control-centered structure of the existing power grid.

[0067] Meanwhile, the operating mode according to the present embodiment enables the transportation of emergency energy from a renewable energy power generation complex to a major transmission-class BESS hub (200) and a distribution-class BESS hub (200), respectively, by utilizing various pre-established transport infrastructures (railways, roads, public roads, sea roads) in the event of an emergency operation (power grid failure), thereby allowing for direct power supply to each regional power grid. This means that an independent BESS-based emergency power grid can be immediately activated even when existing transmission lines fail or substations are shut down, and plays an important role in supporting the continuous operation of major infrastructure facilities such as hospitals, communication facilities, and transportation facilities. Furthermore, the more transport infrastructures exist, the more diverse emergency routes can be secured, which can significantly reduce the time required to restore the power grid.

[0068] As such, the power grid mode according to the present embodiment can provide an operating mode capable of performing the same functions as a power grid by utilizing a transmission-class BESS hub (200) corresponding to a transmission-class substation of the power grid and a distribution-class BESS hub (300) corresponding to a distribution-class substation. That is, transmission and distribution are implemented through the movement of BESS rather than physical wires, and functions of existing substations such as voltage regulation, load distribution, and power quality management can also be performed based on BESS, thereby realizing a new type of power grid system that replaces or complements the traditional power grid structure.

[0069] In addition, by transporting BESS vehicles directly from a large-capacity power generation complex to multiple distribution-level BESS hubs (300) without passing through a transmission-level BESS hub (200), a distributed power generation mode can be provided that converts large-capacity central power generation into small-to-medium capacity distributed power generation. This method can directly resolve regional supply and demand imbalances and provides high resilience and recovery capabilities by allowing power produced in other regions to be directly supplied even in the event of a transmission network failure limited to a specific region.

[0070] Furthermore, by directly transporting BESS vehicles with the required amount of energy to specific consumers, a microgrid mode can be provided to enable those consumers to microgrid (achieve energy independence and independent operation). For example, specific consumers requiring energy independence, such as industrial complexes, data centers, and military facilities, can secure a power supply for their own continuous operation based on BESS, and maintain a stable power supply even when disconnected from the external grid. Consequently, independent management at the microgrid level becomes possible, contributing to an improvement in regional energy independence rates.

[0071] The integrated operation management unit (700) can perform AI-based data control and management for the charging energy management unit (400), transmission energy management unit (500), and distribution energy management unit (600) so that smart charging of the BESS transport vehicle (100) at the BESS charging station (10), and efficient and optimized energy transport of the BESS transport vehicle (100) between the transmission-level BESS hub (200) and the distribution-level BESS hub (300) can be performed. The integrated operation management unit (700) performs centralized control so that energy flow is aligned with the most suitable path and timing from the perspective of the entire system, rather than each management unit operating independently. It can also automatically generate the optimal transport timing and dispatch plan by comprehensively analyzing BESS charging levels, scheduled transport times, remaining capacity per hub, and regional demand forecast data. Furthermore, the AI-based algorithm can predict potential problems such as logistics delays, hub saturation, and supply shortages in advance by considering various transport infrastructure conditions and external environments, and establish strategies to avoid them in real time.

[0072] In addition, the integrated operation management unit (700) performs the role of an energy management system capable of receiving and discharging energy, monitoring and controlling the system, and a comprehensive control system capable of monitoring and controlling the entire system, such as charging management, train management, and energy management, and can support various ancillary services that contribute to the balancing of power supply and demand. For example, functions such as frequency regulation, voltage maintenance, securing reserve capacity, and dispatch delay adjustment are functions performed by expensive equipment in existing power grids, but the integrated operation management unit of this embodiment can perform the same functions by combining the physical movement of the BESS and discharge strategy, thereby improving the quality and stability of the power system. Furthermore, through the comprehensive control function, the location of the means of transport, the status of the hub, and the power generation amount of the charging station can be continuously monitored, and a sophisticated operation plan can be established based on this.

[0073] According to the present embodiment, by utilizing pre-existing transport infrastructure (e.g., railways, roads, public and sea routes) and related transport systems, dependence on ultra-high voltage transmission networks and regional distribution networks can be reduced, thereby enabling the replacement and supplementation of existing power grids. Since the transport infrastructure is already established as national infrastructure, it can be utilized as an energy transport route without the construction of additional transmission lines; this offers the advantage of rapidly establishing an alternative power grid without social conflict or environmental damage. Furthermore, as the transport infrastructure is often directly connected to load centers, energy can be delivered over shorter paths than existing power grids, thereby improving supply efficiency.

[0074] Furthermore, the utilization of renewable energy can be maximized by transporting it to major hubs without transmission grid constraints. While renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power tend to be concentrated in specific regions, utilizing a BESS-based physical transmission method allows for the transfer of large amounts of energy to load areas regardless of existing transmission limitations, thereby significantly reducing the problem of curtailment.

[0075] Furthermore, resilience can be enhanced by improving grid reliability and stability through the alleviation of transmission congestion, strengthening grid flexibility and resilience through various ancillary services, and shortening recovery times by supplying emergency power in the event of large-scale power outages or grid failures. In particular, the ability to immediately supply energy via alternative routes even in the event of failures in existing transmission lines strengthens the system recovery mechanism, serving as a key element in securing power supply stability at the level of national infrastructure.

[0076] Furthermore, efficient energy management becomes possible by minimizing energy loss through the integrated management of transmission and distribution functions. Since there is no resistance loss associated with conventional long-distance transmission, BESS-based physical movement fundamentally reduces energy loss, and the optimization algorithms of the integrated operation management unit can also minimize unnecessary movement or redundant paths.

Claims

1. A BESS transport means that transports a BESS charged at a BESS charging station through a pre-established transport infrastructure; A transmission-grade BESS hub that receives BESS from the above-mentioned BESS charging station via the above-mentioned BESS transport means and performs power distribution and power trading for the received BESS; and A power grid operation system utilizing transport infrastructure, characterized by including a distribution-class BESS hub that receives BESS distributed from the transmission-class BESS hub through the BESS transport means, directly receives BESS from the BESS charging station through the BESS transport means, and performs power trading for the received BESS.

2. In Paragraph 1, A power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure characterized in that the above transport infrastructure includes at least one transport route among a railway, a road, a public road, and a sea route.

3. In Paragraph 1, A power grid operation system utilizing transportation infrastructure, characterized by further including a charging energy management unit installed at the above-mentioned BESS charging station and controlling and managing the process of charging the BESS of the above-mentioned BESS transportation means.

4. In Paragraph 1, A power grid operation system utilizing a transmission infrastructure, characterized by further including a transmission energy management unit installed in the transmission-level BESS hub, which controls the transmission-level BESS supply and demand process, the power distribution process to the distribution-level BESS hub utilizing a demand forecast-based operation algorithm, and the power sales process targeting at least one of an electric business operator and an electric consumer, and which monitors events occurring during the control process.

5. In Paragraph 1, A power grid operation system utilizing transport infrastructure, characterized by further including a distribution energy management unit installed in the above-mentioned distribution-level BESS hub, which controls the distribution-level BESS supply and demand process, the power sales process targeting at least one of an electric business operator and an electric consumer, and monitors events occurring during the control process.

6. In Paragraph 1, A power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure, further comprising an integrated operation management unit that operates the power grid by performing dispatch and transport management of the BESS transport means between the BESS charging station, the transmission-class BESS hub, the distribution-class BESS hub, the electric business operator, and the electric consumer according to a plurality of pre-set operating modes.

7. In Paragraph 6, The aforementioned integrated operations management department, A power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure, characterized by integrating Time Shift operation to adjust temporal discrepancies between power demand and supply by determining and controlling the transport timing, transport route, and transport sequence of the BESS transport means in a non-real-time manner based on the above operating mode, and Grid Shift operation for spatial distribution of power grid load.

8. In Paragraph 6, The above operating mode is, The first operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power transmission and distribution to the BESS are carried out in the order of the BESS charging station, the transmission-class BESS hub, and the distribution-class BESS hub; The second operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power distribution for the BESS is made from the BESS charging station to the distribution-class BESS hub; and A power grid operation system utilizing a transport infrastructure, characterized by including the third operation mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that power trading for the BESS can take place from the BESS charging station to the electricity business operator and the electricity consumer.

9. In Paragraph 6, The above operating mode is, A power grid operating system utilizing a transport infrastructure, further comprising the fourth operating mode for managing the dispatch of the BESS transport means so that bidirectional distribution of the BESS is achieved between at least one hub among the transmission-class BESS hubs and the distribution-class BESS hubs.

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