Triboelectric generator based on multi-layer material

Abstract

According to the present disclosure, a generator is provided, the generator comprising: a first housing having a first hole through which a rotating shaft that rotates by an external force and extends in a first direction passes; a rotation unit which has a second hole through which the rotating shaft passes so as to be rotated by the rotating shaft, and which includes a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer and a first electrification layer disposed along the direction opposite to the first direction; and a fixed unit which has a third hole through which the rotating shaft passes, and which includes a second insulating layer, a second electrode layer and a second electrification layer disposed along the first direction, wherein electrical energy is generated using triboelectrification between the first electrification layer and the second electrification layer by the rotation of the rotating shaft and the rotation unit, the first electrification layer has one layer, and the second electrification layer has a plurality of layers having different electrification characteristics.

Description

Multilayer material-based triboelectric generator

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a power generation device, and more specifically, to a triboelectric power generation device based on a multilayer material with improved mobility of positive and negative charges.

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are devices that generate electric charge through the process of contact and separation between different materials and convert it into electrical energy. Recently, they have expanded into multi-layered power generation devices and are attracting attention as self-generating power supply solutions.

[0003] Triboelectric power generation possesses distinct advantages such as lightweightness, flexibility, efficiency, and eco-friendliness, and has high potential for application in various fields due to its ability to perform integrated energy collection and storage. In particular, triboelectric generators utilizing rotational motion induce the transfer of electric charges by using charged materials between rotating and stationary parts, and can generate alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electricity.

[0004] General triboelectric generator structures are classified into AC and DC types. In AC structures, positive and negative charges are periodically separated by the relative movement of the rotating and stationary parts. The generated potential difference is transmitted to an external circuit through electrodes, outputting AC power. On the other hand, DC structures can directly generate DC electricity by controlling the directionality of the charges.

[0005] A rotation-based triboelectric power generation system converts external physical energy in the vertical or horizontal direction into rotational motion. During this process, periodic contact and separation between charged materials occur due to friction, resulting in the generation of electrical output.

[0006] The single-layer rotation-based triboelectric nanogenerator features a rotating section that alternates with stationary sections for positive and negative charges, and the stationary sections convert this into AC power through induction, transfer, and concentration processes. Consequently, physical energy is converted into rotational motion, performing the function of efficiently generating power based on the principles of triboelectric generation.

[0007] Multilayer rotary-based triboelectric nanogenerators face problems due to parallelization as power generation increases. In multilayer rotary-based triboelectric nanogenerators, if a large potential difference occurs between layers, interference may occur in the charge transfer paths. This causes mutual interference during the charge accumulation and release processes of each layer, which consequently leads to a decrease in overall power generation efficiency.

[0008] In previous studies, the charge emission characteristics of charged materials and the electro-affinity of negative charges have been investigated as key factors in the power generation efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators. Materials with higher charge densities and greater differences in the triboelectric series between positive and negative charges tend to generate higher power output. For example, combinations of PTFE (negative charge properties) and nylon (positive charge properties), or Kapton and Mxene, form strong potential differences.

[0009] However, it is often difficult to secure sufficient power generation based solely on differences in charging series. This is because charging series theory does not perfectly reflect material surface characteristics, experimental conditions, or external environmental factors. Furthermore, materials with excessively high charging series may experience unstable charge transfer as the next frictional cycle begins before the charge separation and transfer processes are completed. Materials such as MXene are susceptible to oxygen and moisture, which causes a problem where, although the initial power generation is high, it decreases over time.

[0010] According to existing research, in multilayer rotation-based triboelectric nanogenerators, increasing the number of layers does not result in significant changes in voltage, whereas current tends to increase in proportion to the number of layers. However, when a large potential difference occurs between layers, mutual interference between parallelized layers occurs as specific charges move, leading to a problem where the amount of power generated actually decreases.

[0011] Specifically, in a rotation-based triboelectric power generation system with an area of ​​about a few cm², when the current increases to more than mA and the voltage is generated to more than 1 kV, the power generation process of a specific layer is affected by the amount of power generated by another layer that is synchronously generated. As a result, the charge flow of the upper layer is adjusted to match the lower layer, and a phenomenon occurs in which the total amount of power generated decreases.

[0012] The embodiments of the present disclosure are designed to meet these requirements, and in the present disclosure, the fixed part is designed as a multilayer structure including an intermediate material layer. The fixed part includes a positive charge-inducing material, a negative charge-inducing material, and an intermediate material; this laminated structure including the intermediate material increases the potential difference between the charged materials and increases the charge transfer efficiency, thereby increasing the amount of power generated. Furthermore, silicon used as the intermediate material layer in the embodiments of the present disclosure has a very low elastic modulus (GPa), which has the advantage of maximizing the transmission of physical frictional force for power generation while having high elastic recovery force.

[0013] In the present disclosure, the intermediate material accelerates the rate of charge exchange between positive and negative charges and optimizes the charge transfer path through the electric field concentration effect.

[0014] In the present disclosure, the rotating part comprises the same material as the inducing material of the stationary part (either a positive charge inducing material or a negative charge inducing material) to increase charge induction efficiency. This reduces the difference in charging characteristics between the stationary part and the rotating part and ensures uniformity of the charge transfer path.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the (copper-nickel-gold) process for forming the electrode layer was changed to a (copper-silver-nickel-gold) process. In the present disclosure, by adding silver to the electrode layer, the charge transfer rate was improved and energy loss was reduced.

[0016] However, these tasks are exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0017] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the apparatus comprises: a first housing having a first hole through which a rotation axis extending in a first direction passes, which is rotated by an external force; a rotating part having a second hole through which the rotation axis passes so as to be rotated by the rotation axis, and comprising a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer, and a first charging layer arranged along a direction opposite to the first direction; and a fixed part having a third hole through which the rotation axis passes, and comprising a second insulating layer, a second electrode layer, and a second charging layer arranged along the first direction, wherein electrical energy is generated by triboelectric charging between the first charging layer and the second charging layer by the rotation of the rotation axis and the rotating part, and the first charging layer may be composed of a single layer, and the second charging layer may be composed of a plurality of layers having different charging characteristics.

[0018] According to the present embodiment, the rotating part and the fixed part are each a plurality of times, and the plurality of rotating parts and the plurality of fixed parts can be arranged alternately along the opposite direction of the first direction.

[0019] According to the present embodiment, the second charge layer comprises a positive charge-inducing material layer, an intermediate material layer, and a negative charge-inducing material layer stacked in sequence along the first direction on the second insulating layer, and the intermediate material layer may be a material located between the positive charge-inducing material layer and the negative charge-inducing material layer in a triboelectric series.

[0020] According to the present embodiment, the positive charge-inducing material layer can be formed of the same material as the first charged layer.

[0021] According to the present embodiment, the second charge layer comprises a negative charge-inducing material layer, an intermediate material layer, and a positive charge-inducing material layer arranged in sequence along the first direction on the second insulating layer, wherein the intermediate material layer is a material located between the negative charge-inducing material layer and the positive charge-inducing material layer in a triboelectric series, and the negative charge-inducing material layer may be formed of the same material as the first charge layer.

[0022] According to the present embodiment, the thickness of the intermediate material layer can be provided to be 100 μm or less.

[0023] According to the present embodiment, the negative charge-inducing material layer and the positive charge-inducing material layer can be provided with the same thickness.

[0024] According to the present embodiment, the intermediate material layer may be characterized by having an odd number of layers stacked.

[0025] According to the present embodiment, each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may include silver.

[0026] According to the present embodiment, the rotating part and the fixed part each have a disc shape, and the second insulating layer of the fixed part may include a protrusion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction from the disc shape.

[0027] According to the present embodiment, each of the plurality of layers constituting the second charged layer may be composed of any one of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified), PI (Polyimide), and Si (Silicon).

[0028] According to the present embodiment, the intermediate material layer can transfer negative charges generated in the negative charge-inducing material layer by triboelectric charging to the positive charge-inducing material layer.

[0029] According to the present embodiment, the intermediate material layer may be composed of Si (Silicon), and the negative charge-inducing material layer may be composed of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy).

[0030] According to the present embodiment, the size of the second hole is substantially the same as the through surface of the rotation axis, and the size of the third hole may be larger than the size of the second hole.

[0031] According to the present embodiment, a bearing disposed within the first hole and surrounding the rotation axis may be further included.

[0032] Other aspects, features, and advantages other than those described above will become clear from the following specific details, claims, and drawings for implementing the invention.

[0033] In addition, these general and specific aspects may be implemented using a system, method, computer program, or any combination of a system, method, or computer program.

[0034] The embodiments of the present disclosure can increase power generation by utilizing cheaper materials such as PFA, PET, PI, and Si without using conventional high-cost materials. In particular, charge induction efficiency can be improved through an intermediate material layer, and the charge induction path can be expanded and the potential difference between electrodes maximized by adding an intermediate material layer to the fixed part.

[0035] The embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for various applications, such as implantable medical devices, IoT devices, and small wind and hydroelectric generators. In addition, they have the advantage of a simple structure, as power can be transmitted using only a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) or power converter that matches the generation frequency.

[0036] The embodiments of the present disclosure feature a multilayer structure and flexibility in material design, and can be extended to various combinations of charged materials and stacked structures depending on the charge sequence characteristics and application purposes.

[0037] The embodiments of the present disclosure minimize potential difference interference occurring in a rotary structure composed of a single-layer material in triboelectric rotation. The embodiments of the present disclosure solve the problem of interference in charge transfer paths by optimizing the charge flow in each layer through multiple layers with different charging characteristics, thereby preemptively preventing problems that may occur in lower layers with low power generation efficiency. This design does not require a separate power source and provides miniaturization characteristics that are not constrained by location or environment, as long as a certain installation space is secured. In particular, a rotary-based triboelectric generator with a multi-layer structure is more efficient than a single-layer structure. In a single-layer structure, the electric field is concentrated on one side, limiting the charge transfer path and increasing resistance; however, in a multi-layer structure, each layer independently forms a potential to disperse the electric field and minimize electrical resistance generated in each layer.

[0038] The embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the durability and stability of a rotary-based triboelectric generator. While conventional methods have primarily proposed using separate coating treatments or composite materials to enhance durability and safety, the present disclosure increases power generation by adding an intermediate material layer to the stationary part, thereby allowing existing high-durability and safety materials to be utilized without additional treatment. This is considered a significant advantage that greatly increases the potential for commercialization.

[0039] Silicon (Si, Sillicon), used as an intermediate material layer in the embodiments of the present disclosure, has a much lower elastic modulus (GPa) than PI, PET, and PFA (e.g., between 0.01 and 0.1), resulting in low resistance to physical energy and high force transmission. In addition, the silicon used as an intermediate material layer has an elastic recovery force that is tens to hundreds of times higher than that of PI, PET, and PFA, contributing to the high recovery force of the triboelectric generator. Therefore, the triboelectric generator of the present disclosure can not only increase the amount of triboelectric power generated but also have very high continuous durability.

[0040] The embodiments of the present disclosure have improved the electrode structure of the stationary part. In the present disclosure, the charge transfer speed is improved by applying a (copper-silver-nickel-gold) process instead of the conventional ENIG process (copper-nickel-gold) to the rotating part and the stationary part. This method adds silver (62 MS / m) on top of copper (58 MS / m) to alleviate the bottleneck that occurs when charge moves from copper to nickel. In particular, by adding a silver layer, the charge transfer speed can be increased and energy loss can be minimized.

[0041] These improvement measures simultaneously enhance the efficiency and durability of rotation-based triboelectric power generation systems, significantly increasing their potential for commercialization in various application fields.

[0042] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically illustrating a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view schematically illustrating the internal structure of a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIGS. 3a and 3b are an exploded perspective view and a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a rotating part and a fixed part according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a structure in which a power generation device illustrated in FIG. 2 is partially assembled.

[0046] FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating a rotating part and a fixed part according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 6 is a graph showing the power generation results of a power generation device sample.

[0048] Figures 7a to 7d are graphs showing the power generation results of a sample coupled to a triboelectric generator under a pressure of 8 N.

[0049] Figures 8a to 8d are graphs showing the power generation results of a sample coupled to a triboelectric generator under a pressure of 2 N.

[0050] Figure 9 is a thermal image showing the operation of a sample containing a charged layer before and after.

[0051] Figures 10a to 10e are graphs showing the power generation results of more samples combined under a pressure of 2 N as a triboelectric generator.

[0052] Figures 11a and 11b are graphs showing different development results depending on the thickness of the intermediate material layer.

[0053] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating impedances that are measured differently depending on the number of layers constituting the intermediate material layer.

[0054] FIGS. 13 and FIGS. 14 are drawings for explaining examples of use of a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] The present disclosure is capable of various modifications and may have various embodiments; specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. The effects and features of the present disclosure and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various forms.

[0056] In the following embodiments, terms such as first, second, etc. are used not in a limiting sense, but for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component.

[0057] In the following examples, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] In the following embodiments, terms such as "include" or "have" mean that the features or components described in the specification are present, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.

[0059] In the following embodiments, when a part such as a layer, region, or component is described as being on or above another part, it includes not only cases where it is directly on top of another part, but also cases where another region, component, etc. is interposed in between.

[0060] In the drawings, the size of components may be exaggerated or reduced for convenience of explanation. For example, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are depicted arbitrarily for convenience of explanation, and therefore the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to what is depicted.

[0061] Where an embodiment can be implemented differently, a specific sequence of operations may be performed differently from the order described. For example, two steps described consecutively may be performed substantially simultaneously or proceed in the reverse order of the description.

[0062] In this specification, “A and / or B” indicates the case where it is A, B, or both A and B. And, “at least one of A and B” indicates the case where it is A, B, or both A and B.

[0063] In the following embodiments, when layers, regions, components, etc. are described as being connected, this includes cases where the layers, regions, components are directly connected, or / or cases where other layers, regions, components are interposed between the layers, regions, components to form an indirect connection. For example, when layers, regions, components, etc. are described as being electrically connected in this specification, it indicates cases where the layers, regions, components, etc. are directly electrically connected, and / or cases where other layers, regions, components, etc. are interposed between them to form an indirect electrical connection.

[0064] The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes of an orthogonal coordinate system but can be interpreted in a broader sense that includes them. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be orthogonal to each other, but they may also refer to different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0065] The advantages and features of the present disclosure and the methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different forms. These embodiments are provided merely to ensure that the disclosure is complete and to fully inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims.

[0066] The terms used in this disclosure are for describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit this disclosure. In this disclosure, the singular form may include the plural form unless specifically stated otherwise in the text. The terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” used in this disclosure do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the components mentioned. Throughout the disclosure, the same reference numerals refer to the same components, and “and / or” may include each of the mentioned components and all combinations of one or more. Although terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., are used to describe various components, these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another. Accordingly, the first component mentioned below may be the second component within the technical scope of this disclosure.

[0067] The word "exemplary" is used in this disclosure to mean "used as an example or illustration." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this disclosure must not be interpreted as being preferred or having an advantage over other embodiments.

[0068] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be described in terms of functions or blocks performing functions. A block, which may be referred to as a “part” or “module” in the present disclosure, may be physically implemented by analog or digital circuits such as logic gates, integrated circuits, microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory, passive electronic components, active electronic components, optical components, hardwired circuits, etc., and may optionally be driven by firmware and software. Additionally, the term “part” as used in the disclosure refers to a hardware element such as software, FPGA, or ASIC, and the “part” may perform certain roles. However, the meaning of “part” is not limited to software or hardware. The “part” may be configured to reside in an addressable storage medium or may be configured to run one or more processors. Accordingly, as an example, a "part" may include elements such as software elements, object-oriented software elements, class elements, and task elements, as well as processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided within the elements and "parts" may be combined into a smaller number of elements and "parts" or further separated into additional elements and "parts."

[0069] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using at least one software program running on at least one hardware device and may perform network management functions to control elements.

[0070] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used to facilitate the description of the relationship between one component and other components as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms should be understood as encompassing different orientations of components during use or operation, in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings. For example, if a component depicted in a drawing is inverted, a component described as "below" or "beneath" of another component may be placed "above" of that component. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both the lower and upper directions. Components may also be oriented in other directions, and accordingly, spatially relative terms may be interpreted according to the orientation.

[0071] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in this disclosure (including technical and scientific terms) may be used in a meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Additionally, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0072] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. When describing with reference to the drawings, identical or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0073] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view schematically illustrating a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 1, the power generation device (1) may include a rotating shaft (10), a bearing (11), a first housing (20), a metal ring (22), a second housing (30), a handle (40), a power generation unit (50), bolts (21, 41), and nuts (31).

[0075] The rotation axis (10) can be extended in a first direction (e.g., z-direction) and penetrate the interior of the first housing (20) and the second housing (30). The rotation axis (10) can penetrate a first hole (20H) formed in the first housing (20). The rotation axis (10) can be rotated by an external force.

[0076] A bearing (11) may be placed within a first hole (20H) of a first housing (20) to surround a rotating shaft (10). The bearing (11) may be at least one of a ball bearing, a roller bearing, a plain bearing, a fluid bearing, a magnetic bearing, or a sleeve bearing. The bearing (11) can reduce static friction during rotation of the rotating shaft (10) and can reduce internal and external vibrations of the power generation device (1).

[0077]

[0078] The first housing (20) and the second housing (30) can form the exterior of the power generation device (1). The first housing (20) and the second housing (30) can be provided to accommodate components for operating the power generation device (1). At least one of the first housing (20) and the second housing (30) can accommodate a power generation unit (50).

[0079] The first housing (20) and the second housing (30) may be arranged to face each other. The first housing (20) and the second housing (30) may be fixed to each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, holes into which bolts (21) can be inserted may be formed in the first housing (20). Holes into which bolts (21) that penetrate the first housing (20) can pass may be formed in the second housing (30). Bolts (21) that penetrate both the first housing (20) and the second housing (30) may be coupled with nuts (31), and the first housing (20) and the second housing (30) may be fixed to each other through a threaded or hole-fixed method.

[0080] The metal ring (22) may be placed at the edge of the first housing (20). Alternatively, the metal ring (22) may be placed inside the first housing (20). The metal ring (22) may be intended to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) inside or outside the power generation device (1).

[0081] The handle (40) can be extended in a second direction (e.g., y direction) perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., z direction) and connected to the axis of rotation (10). The handle (40) can be fixed to the axis of rotation (10) by a bolt (41). An external force is input to the handle (40), and the input external force can be transmitted to the axis of rotation (10) through the handle (40).

[0082] The power generation unit (50) can accommodate a rotating unit, a fixed unit, wireless communication and an AC-DC conversion board, etc., which will be described later in FIG. 2. The power generation unit (50) can be accommodated inside the second housing (30) as shown in FIG. 1.

[0083] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view schematically illustrating the internal structure of a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b are an exploded perspective view and a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a rotating part and a fixed part according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a structure in which the power generation device shown in FIG. 2 is partially assembled.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 2, the power generation device (1) may further include a rotating part (51), a fixed part (52), and a wireless communication and AC-DC conversion board (53).

[0085] The rotating part (51) may have a second hole (51H) through which the rotation axis (10) passes, and the fixed part (52) may have a third hole (52H) through which the rotation axis (10) passes. The size of the second hole (51H) may be substantially the same as the penetration surface of the rotation axis (10), and the size of the third hole (52H) may be larger than the size of the second hole (51H). For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the penetration surface of the rotation axis (10) and the second hole (51H) may have a cross shape, and the third hole (52H) may have a circular shape. The rotating part (51) may rotate together with the rotation axis (10) when the rotation axis (10) rotates through the second hole (51H).

[0086] In one embodiment, the rotating part (51) and the fixed part (52) may substantially have a disc shape.

[0087] In one embodiment, the rotating part (51) and the fixed part (52) may each be a plurality. The plurality of rotating parts (51) and the plurality of fixed parts (52) may be arranged alternately along the opposite direction of the first direction (e.g., the -z direction). For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the rotating part (51) may include first to third rotating parts (51a, 51b, 51c), and the fixed part (52) may include first to third fixed parts (52a, 52b, 52c). The first fixed part (52a) may be positioned between the first rotating part (51a) and the second rotating part (51b), the second rotating part (51b) may be positioned between the first fixed part (52a) and the second fixed part (52b), the second fixed part (52b) may be positioned between the second rotating part (51b) and the third rotating part (51c), and the third rotating part (51c) may be positioned between the second fixed part (52b) and the third fixed part (52c).

[0088] Referring to FIG. 4, a plurality of rotating parts (51a, 51b) and a plurality of fixed parts (52a, 52b) can be arranged alternately with each other and assembled on a rotating shaft (10).

[0089] Referring to FIG. 3a, the rotating part (51) may include a first insulating layer (511), a first electrode layer (512), and a first charging layer (513). The first insulating layer (511), the first electrode layer (512), and the first charging layer (513) may be arranged sequentially along the opposite direction of the first direction (e.g., the -z direction). In FIG. 3a, the cross-sectional view on the right shows protruding and recessed regions, while the exploded perspective view on the left shows only a relatively flat disc shape. Note that this is because a part of the first insulating layer (511) (e.g., 511e) and the first electrode layer (512), etc., are configured in a fan shape, and the protruding region is exaggerated in the cross-sectional view for illustrative purposes. The embodiment of the present disclosure is actually very thin, so the actual object may appear almost flat, as shown in the perspective view on the left.

[0090] The first insulating layer (511) may include FR4. The first insulating layer (511) may include a solder mask layer (511a), a copper layer (511b), a glass fiber layer (511c), a copper layer (511d), and a solder mask layer (511e) arranged sequentially along the opposite direction of the first direction (e.g., the -z direction).

[0091] The first electrode layer (512) may be configured in a fan shape with respect to the rotation axis (10). The first electrode layer (512) may be formed from at least two metal materials selected from gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The first electrode layer (512) may include a silver layer (512a) and a gold layer (512b).

[0092] The first charge layer (513) may include an adhesive material (e.g., a silicone-based adhesive material) (513a) and a positive charge inducing material (513b). The adhesive material (513a) may be provided with a thickness of 50 μm or less to reduce vibrations caused by friction in the rotating part (51).

[0093] Referring to FIG. 3b, the fixed portion (52) may include a second insulating layer (521), a second electrode layer (522), and a second charged layer (523). The second insulating layer (521), the second electrode layer (522), and the second charged layer (523) may be arranged sequentially along a first direction (e.g., the z-direction). In FIG. 3b, the cross-sectional view on the right shows protruding and recessed regions, while the exploded perspective view on the left shows only a relatively flat disc shape. Note that this is because a part of the second insulating layer (521) (e.g., 521e) and the second electrode layer (522), etc., are configured in a fan shape, and the protruding region is exaggerated in the cross-sectional view for illustrative purposes. The embodiment of the present disclosure is actually very thin, so the actual object may appear almost flat, as shown in the perspective view on the left.

[0094] The second insulating layer (521) may include FR4. The second insulating layer (521) may include a solder mask layer (521a), a copper layer (521b), a glass fiber layer (521c), a copper layer (521d), and a solder mask layer (521e) arranged sequentially along a first direction (e.g., z-direction).

[0095] The second insulating layer (521) may further include a protrusion (521pa) extending in a second direction (e.g., x direction) that intersects the first direction (e.g., z direction) from the center of the disc shape.

[0096] In one embodiment, the protrusion (521pa) can be fixed in a guide groove formed in the first housing (20), the second housing (30), or the power generation unit (50) of FIG. 2. The fixing part (52) can be fixed even when the rotation axis (10) rotates through the protrusion (521pa) fixed to the first housing (20), the second housing (30), or the power generation unit (50).

[0097] The second electrode layer (522) may be configured in a fan shape with respect to the rotation axis (10). The second electrode layer (522) may be formed from at least two metal materials selected from gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The second electrode layer (522) may include a silver layer (522a) and a gold layer (522b).

[0098] The second charge layer (523) may be composed of multiple layers having different charge characteristics. Each of the multiple layers constituting the second charge layer may be composed of any one of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified), PI (Polyimide), and Si (Silicon). The second charge layer (523) may include a positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), an intermediate material layer (523b), and a negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) stacked sequentially along a first direction (e.g., +z-axis direction) on the second insulating layer (521).

[0099] The positive charge-inducing material layer (523a) may be formed of the same material as the first charge layer (513). The positive charge-inducing material layer (523a) may be positioned at a relatively high rank in the triboelectric series. The positive charge-inducing material layer (523a) may include PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified), PI (Polyimide), or PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene).

[0100] The intermediate material layer (523b) may be a material located between the positive charge-inducing material layer (523a) and the negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) in the triboelectric series. The negative charge generated in the negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) by triboelectricity of the intermediate material layer (523b) can be transferred to the positive charge-inducing material layer (523a). The intermediate material layer (523b) may include Si (Silicon), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), or PI (Polyimide). The thickness of the intermediate material layer (523b) may be 100 μm or less, and preferably 50 μm or less. If the intermediate material layer (523b) is made of silicon, vibrations caused by friction in the fixed part (52) can be reduced.

[0101] The negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) may be located at a relatively low rank in the triboelectric series. The negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) may generate triboelectricity by repeatedly contacting and separating from the first charged layer (513). Negative charges may be generated in the negative charge-inducing material layer (523c). The negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) may include PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy). The negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) may be provided with the same thickness as the positive charge-inducing material layer (523a).

[0102] The output portion (522pa) can be positioned on the upper surface (+z direction) of the protrusion (521pa).

[0103] The rotating part (51) rotates by the rotation of the rotating shaft (10), and electrical energy can be generated by triboelectric charging between the first charging layer (513) and the second charging layer (523). The generated electrical energy can be transmitted to the wireless communication and AC-DC conversion board (53) through the output part (522pa). The wireless communication and AC-DC conversion board (53) can use the transmitted electrical energy to perform requests for rescue in situations such as mountain distress or natural disasters.

[0104] Although it was previously stated that the second charge layer (523) comprises a positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), an intermediate material layer (523b), and a negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) stacked in order along the first direction (e.g., +z-axis direction) on the second insulating layer (521), the second charge layer (523) may also comprise a negative charge-inducing material layer, an intermediate material layer, and a positive charge-inducing material layer stacked in order along the first direction (e.g., +z-axis direction) on the second insulating layer (521). In this case, the negative charge-inducing material layer may be formed of the same material as the first charge layer (513).

[0105] FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating a rotating part and a fixed part according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 5, there may be multiple rotating parts and multiple fixed parts. Multiple rotating parts and multiple fixed parts may be arranged alternately along a direction opposite to the first direction (e.g., the -z-axis direction).

[0107] Electric energy can be generated by triboelectric charging between the first rotating part (51a) and the first fixed part (52a), and electric energy can be generated by triboelectric charging between the second rotating part (51b) and the second fixed part (52b). Below, the results of power generation of the triboelectric generator will be explained.

[0108] Figure 6 is a graph showing the power generation results of a triboelectric generator sample.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 6, the power generation results of a triboelectric generator sample can be confirmed, which includes PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) as the positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), Si (Silicon) as the intermediate material layer (523b), and PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy) as the negative charge-inducing material layer (523c) in the second charge layer (523).

[0110] The graph on the left shows the voltage output of the triboelectric generator sample, and the graph on the right shows the current output.

[0111] The voltage graph displays a periodic and symmetrical alternating current (AC) waveform, confirming stable voltage output. Key data recorded include a Peak-to-Peak (PTP) Voltage of 617.4V and a Root Mean Square (RMS) Voltage of 207.4V. This indicates that the sample exhibits a high voltage fluctuation range and that the RMS voltage is being generated stably. The generation frequency remains constant at approximately 274.7Hz, suggesting output stability and the possibility of periodic power supply.

[0112] The current graph shows that the current output is periodic but contains high-frequency components and some noise. Key data recorded include a Peak-to-Peak (PTP) Current of 290 μA and a Root Mean Square (RMS) Current of 96.7 μA. This indicates that the generator is outputting not only voltage but also an appropriate amount of current. Overall, this sample outputs both voltage and current stably, indicating that it is a generator with high energy conversion efficiency.

[0113] Figures 7a to 7d are graphs showing the power generation results of a sample coupled to a triboelectric generator under a pressure of 8 N.

[0114] As described above, the charged layers composed of multiple layers can be bonded by applying a pressure of 8N. A sample of the triboelectric generator fabricated in this way was operated for 4 hours (operated at 400 RPM).

[0115] Referring to FIG. 7a, the Peak-to-Peak (PTP) values ​​of triboelectric generator samples (a total of 8 samples) with different combinations of multiple layers constituting the charged layer (e.g., positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), intermediate material layer (523b), negative charge-inducing material layer (523c)) can be observed.

[0116] For example, the leftmost bar graph (701) is labeled Si / PFA+PI. This indicates that the result is of a sample in which the intermediate material layer (e.g., 523b) is Si (Silicon), the negative charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523c) is PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), and the positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) is PI (Polyimide).

[0117] Referring to Fig. 7b, the current PTP (Peak-to-Peak) value of the same sample as Fig. 7a can be checked, referring to Fig. 7c, the voltage RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 7a can be checked, and referring to Fig. 7d, the current RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 7a can be checked.

[0118] Among a total of 8 samples, it was confirmed that the sample (Si / PFA + PET) had the best output. However, it was confirmed that the samples bonded at a pressure of 8 N were damaged after operation (see middle image in Fig. 9). Therefore, the experiment will be continued by bonding the samples at a pressure of 2 N.

[0119] Figures 8a to 8d are graphs showing the power generation results of a sample coupled to a triboelectric generator under a pressure of 2 N.

[0120] Referring to FIG. 8a, the Peak-to-Peak (PTP) values ​​of triboelectric generator samples (a total of 9 samples) with different combinations of multiple layers constituting the charged layer (e.g., positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), intermediate material layer (523b), negative charge-inducing material layer (523c)) can be observed.

[0121] For example, the bar graph on the far right (801) is labeled PI100 / PFA+PETg. This indicates that the result is of a sample in which the intermediate material layer (e.g., 523b) is 100 μm PI (Polyimide), the negative charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523c) is PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), and the positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) is PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified).

[0122] As another example, the bar graph (802) located in the middle is labeled PI90 / PFA+PET. This indicates that the result is of a sample composed of an intermediate material layer (e.g., 523b) of 90 μm PI (Polyimide), a negative charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523c) of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), and a positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate). In other words, the thickness of the intermediate material layer (523b) was also varied.

[0123] Referring to Fig. 8b, the current PTP (Peak-to-Peak) value of the same sample as Fig. 8a can be checked, referring to Fig. 8c, the voltage RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 8a can be checked, and referring to Fig. 8d, the current RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 8a can be checked.

[0124] However, compared to the samples coupled at a pressure of 8N, the samples coupled at a pressure of 2N showed a decrease in overall output, but it was confirmed that there was no damage (see right image in Fig. 9).

[0125] Figures 10a to 10e are graphs showing the power generation results of more samples combined under a pressure of 2 N as a triboelectric generator.

[0126] Referring to FIG. 10a, the Peak-to-Peak (PTP) values ​​of triboelectric generator samples (a total of 12 samples) with different combinations of multiple layers constituting the charged layer (e.g., positive charge-inducing material layer (523a), intermediate material layer (523b), negative charge-inducing material layer (523c)) can be observed.

[0127] For example, the rightmost group of bar graphs (1010) is labeled PET50 / PFA at the bottom, and at the top of the graph, PETg, PET, and PI are labeled in order from the far right. This indicates that the intermediate material layer (e.g., 523b) is 50 μm PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), the negative charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523c) is PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), and the positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) is different for each of the three samples. From the right, it can be confirmed that the positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) of each sample is PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), and PI (Polyimide).

[0128] Referring to Fig. 10b, the current PTP (Peak-to-Peak) value of the same sample as Fig. 10a can be checked, referring to Fig. 10c, the voltage RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 10a can be checked, and referring to Fig. 10d, the current RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the same sample as Fig. 10a can be checked.

[0129] Among a total of 12 samples, it can be confirmed that the PET50 / PFA+ PET sample (e.g., a sample in which the intermediate material layer (e.g., 523b) is 50 μm PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), the negative charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523c) is PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), and the positive charge-inducing material layer (e.g., 523a) is PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)) has the best output.

[0130] Referring to Fig. 10e, the development results of the combinations with the most desirable output, confirmed by additional experiments, can be seen. Combination 1: PI(Th: 90μm) / PFA + PETg, Combination 2: PI(Th: 100μm) / PFA + PI, Combination 3: PET(Th: 50μm) / PFA + PET. Since the significance of each combination has been sufficiently explained above, redundant explanations will be omitted. It can be seen that the maximum value is obtained as the thickness of the intermediate material layer becomes thinner. Below, for each sample composed of the above three combinations, the number of layers constituting the intermediate material layer will be differentiated.

[0131] As previously mentioned, the charge layer provided in the fixed part can be composed of multiple layers with different charge characteristics. However, in combination 2, the intermediate material layer is composed of 100 μm PI and the positive charge material layer is composed of PI, so it can be confirmed that the two layers are provided with the same material (e.g., PI).

[0132] Even layers made of the same material may exhibit different charging characteristics due to differences in thickness, which can result in variations in charge accumulation, movement paths, surface charge density, and triboconic contact characteristics. This is because the thickness of the layer directly affects the charge separation and accumulation mechanisms.

[0133] When composed of a multilayer material, the greater the total thickness of the second charge layer (523) and the thinner the thickness of each layer constituting the second charge layer (523), the greater the potential difference. This is because the capacity (electrical capacitance) that can induce and accumulate charge increases.

[0134] On the other hand, if composed of a single material, as the thickness increases, the relative difference in potential between different materials decreases, reducing the amount of charge arranged in the material and potentially lowering the power generation.

[0135]

[0136] Figures 11a and 11b are graphs showing different development results depending on the thickness of the intermediate material layer.

[0137] In FIG. 11a, the bar graph group (1110) may be the maximum voltage value measured after changing the thickness of the intermediate material layer (90 μm → 270 μm) for a sample composed of combination 1: PI (Th: 90 μm) / PFA + PETg. The bar graph group (1120) may be the maximum voltage value measured after changing the layer thickness of the intermediate material layer (100 μm → 300 μm) for a sample composed of combination 2: Pi (Th: 100 μm) / PFA + Pi. The bar graph group (1130) may be the maximum voltage value measured after changing the thickness of the intermediate material layer (50 μm → 150 μm) for each sample composed of combination 3: PET (Th: 50 μm) / PFA + PETg.

[0138] In FIG. 11a, the bar graph group (1140) may be the average voltage value measured after changing the layer thickness of the intermediate material layer (90μm→270μm) for a sample composed of combination 1: PI(Th: 90μm) / PFA + PETg. Note that in FIG. 11a, the graph on the right is the average voltage value and the graph on the left is the maximum voltage value.

[0139] Referring to Fig. 11b, the current value (in units of 100 μA) of the same sample as in Fig. 11a can be confirmed. It can be seen that the thinner the thickness of the intermediate material layer, the better the output. It may be appropriate to provide the thickness of the intermediate material layer as 100 μm, preferably 50 μm.

[0140] Meanwhile, the thickness of the intermediate material layer can be controlled by the number of layers constituting the intermediate material layer. For example, an intermediate material layer with a thickness of 50 μm can be composed of one layer with a thickness of 50 μm, and an intermediate material layer with a thickness of 150 μm can be composed of three layers with a thickness of 50 μm. Increasing the number of layers of the intermediate material layer corresponds to increasing the thickness of the intermediate material layer.

[0141] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating impedances that are measured differently depending on the number of layers constituting the intermediate material layer.

[0142] Referring to Figure 12, the results of analyzing the output power of the generator generated when the external load resistance is varied can be observed. Through each graph, the output power changing as intermediate material layers are stacked one by one can be verified. The external resistance (e.g., Impedance) at the point where the output power is maximum was measured to be 3 MΩ at 1 stack, 1 MΩ at 2 stacks, 0.9 MΩ at 3 stacks, and 0.6 MΩ at 4 stacks. As the number of stacks increased, the external resistance (e.g., Impedance) showed a tendency to gradually decrease. Factors affecting impedance may include thickness and area. While the output value decreases as the thickness increases with the number of stacks, it can be observed that the impedance value decreases as the total area value increases with the number of stacks.

[0143] In particular, a characteristic was observed where the Impedance value changed rapidly when transitioning from an odd number of layers (1 stack, 3 stacks) to an even number of layers (2 stacks, 4 stacks). This result clearly demonstrates the influence of the stacking structure on Impedance characteristics and suggests that the output characteristics of the generator can be optimized depending on the combination of the number of layers and load resistance. In other words, it may be desirable to have an odd number of intermediate material layers stacked.

[0144] The embodiments of the present disclosure can increase power generation by utilizing cheaper materials such as PFA, PET, PI, and Si without using conventional high-cost materials. In particular, charge induction efficiency can be improved through an intermediate material layer, and the charge induction path can be expanded and the potential difference between electrodes maximized by adding an intermediate material layer to the fixed part.

[0145] The embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for various applications, such as implantable medical devices, IoT devices, and small wind and hydroelectric generators. In addition, they have the advantage of a simple structure, as power can be transmitted using only a Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) or power converter that matches the generation frequency.

[0146] The embodiments of the present disclosure feature a multilayer structure and flexibility in material design, and can be extended to various combinations of charged materials and stacked structures depending on the charge sequence characteristics and application purposes.

[0147] The embodiments of the present disclosure minimize potential difference interference occurring in a multilayer structure. By optimizing the charge flow in each layer to resolve the problem of interference in the charge transfer path, problems that may occur in lower layers with low power generation efficiency are preemptively prevented. This design does not require a separate power source and provides miniaturization characteristics that are not constrained by location or environment, as long as a certain installation space is secured. In particular, a rotary-based triboelectric generator with a multilayer structure is more efficient than a single-layer structure. In a single-layer structure, the electric field is concentrated on one side, limiting the charge transfer path and increasing resistance, whereas in a multilayer structure, each layer independently forms a potential to disperse the electric field and minimize electrical resistance occurring in each layer.

[0148] The embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the durability and stability of a rotary-based triboelectric generator. While conventional methods have primarily proposed using separate coating treatments or composite materials to enhance durability and safety, the present disclosure increases power generation by adding an intermediate material layer to the stationary part, thereby allowing existing high-durability and safety materials to be utilized without additional treatment. This is considered a significant advantage that greatly increases the potential for commercialization.

[0149] The embodiments of the present disclosure have improved the electrode structure of the stationary part. In the present disclosure, the charge transfer speed is improved by applying a (copper-silver-nickel-gold) process instead of the conventional ENIG process (copper-nickel-gold) to the rotating part and the stationary part. This method adds silver (62 MS / m) on top of copper (58 MS / m) to alleviate the bottleneck that occurs when charge moves from copper to nickel. In particular, by adding a silver layer, the charge transfer speed can be increased and energy loss can be minimized.

[0150] These improvement measures simultaneously enhance the efficiency and durability of rotation-based triboelectric power generation systems, significantly increasing their potential for commercialization in various application fields.

[0151] FIGS. 13 and FIGS. 14 are drawings for explaining examples of use of a power generation device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 13, self-generation or power generation by centrifugal force can be utilized in various ways in the IoT and medical fields. For example, a double-sided self-generation device (1) can be used as a self-generation system for rescue operations. Conventional rescue systems request rescue through batteries. However, due to the environmental characteristics of rescue systems, they are utilized only once every few months or years in response to disasters, and they have limitations in that they are difficult to use in environments where many battery-powered systems are not in use, as the batteries are discharged. In particular, since it is difficult to supply power in areas without power supply or in disaster situations, remote rescue using a self-generation system (e.g., 7km to 15km) is required, and it can be utilized in various situations such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and heavy snowfall, even in nearby Japan.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 14, the self-generating rescue system (100) may be composed of a synchronous multilayer frictional rotational generator (120) connected to a mechanism including a bearing connected to a rotating shaft, an AC-DC-DC converter (130), and an integrated module (140). A display device may be mounted on the mechanism or included in the integrated module (140). The integrated module (140) may include a GPS (141), an MCU (142), a virtual GPS (143), a wireless communication module (144), and a charging unit.

[0154] The flowchart of the self-generating rescue system (100) is as follows. When a rescuer or a user who needs to transmit a location applies an 'external rotational force (110)', the 'synchronous multilayer frictional rotational generator (120)' generates power through that rotational force and supplies power to the AC-DC-DC converter (130). The 'AC-DC-DC converter (130)' supplies power capable of operating for more than 100ms to the 'MCU (142)', 'wireless communication unit (144)', and 'GPS (141)' in the connected AC or DC circuit using energy connected to the power generation element. The GPS (141) collects location information for 100ms and transmits it to the MCU (142), and the MCU (142) informs the location information to an external repeater (150) via wireless communication (BLE, Lora, WiFi, etc.). However, here, the GPS (141) provides location information, and if the GPS (141) is not available, virtualized GPS information (143) may be obtained from the MCU (142) and then sent to the wireless communication unit (144). The AD-DC-DC converter (130) may be connected to the charging unit (145) and provided in a self-generating manner. Through this, the self-generating rescue system (100) can function as a smart terminal.

[0155] Although the present disclosure has primarily described power generation devices, it is not limited thereto. For instance, a method for manufacturing such a power generation device is also considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0156] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, this is merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent alternative embodiments are possible therefrom. Accordingly, the true technical scope of protection of the present disclosure should be determined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

[0157] This patent is the product of research conducted with support from the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Planning and Evaluation and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy's Next-Generation Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Development R&D Project (Project No.: 1415187321, Project No.: 20025736, Research Project Title: Development of MICS SoC and platform for invivo implantable electroceutical device).

[0158] This patent is the product of research conducted with support from the Korea Institute of Technology Information Promotion for SMEs and the Ministry of SMEs and Startups' Startup Growth Technology Development Project (Project No.: 2420003291, Project No.: 00445805, Research Project Name: Development of Miniaturized / High-Output Energy Solutions for Battery-Free Electronic Medicine).

[0159] This patent is the result of research conducted with the support of the Ministry of SMEs and Startups and the Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Promotion's Super-Gap Startup Incubation Program (DIPS 1000+) (Project No.: 20241755, Research Project Title: Ultrasonic Energy Solution for Remotely Controllable Battery-Free Electronic Medicine).

Claims

1. A first housing having a first hole through which a rotation axis extending in a first direction passes, which is rotated by an external force; A rotating part having a second hole through which the rotation axis passes so as to be rotated by the rotation axis, and comprising a first insulating layer, a first electrode layer, and a first charging layer arranged along the direction opposite to the first direction; and A fixed part having a third hole through which the above-mentioned rotational axis passes, and including a second insulating layer, a second electrode layer, and a second charging layer arranged along the above-mentioned first direction, Electric energy is generated by the rotation of the above-mentioned rotating shaft and the above-mentioned rotating part through triboelectric charging between the above-mentioned first charging layer and the above-mentioned second charging layer, and The above-mentioned first charged layer is composed of a single layer, and A power generation device in which the second charging layer is composed of multiple layers with different charging characteristics.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned rotating part and the above-mentioned fixed part are each a plurality of, and A power generation device in which a plurality of rotating parts and a plurality of fixed parts are alternately arranged along the opposite direction of the first direction.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above second charged layer is, It includes a positive charge-inducing material layer, an intermediate material layer, and a negative charge-inducing material layer stacked sequentially along the first direction on the second insulating layer, The above intermediate material layer is, A power generation device, which is a material located between the positive charge-inducing material layer and the negative charge-inducing material layer in the triboelectric series.

4. In Paragraph 3, The above positive charge-inducing material layer is, A power generation device formed of the same material as the first charge layer above.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above second charged layer is, It includes a negative charge-inducing material layer, an intermediate material layer, and a positive charge-inducing material layer arranged sequentially along the first direction on the second insulating layer, The above intermediate material layer is, It is a material located between the negative charge-inducing material layer and the positive charge-inducing material layer in the triboelectric series, and The above negative charge-inducing material layer is, A power generation device formed of the same material as the first charge layer above.

6. In Paragraph 3, A power generation device having a thickness of 100 μm or less of the above intermediate material layer.

7. In Paragraph 3, A power generation device in which the above negative charge-inducing material layer and the above positive charge-inducing material layer are provided with the same thickness.

8. In Paragraph 3, The above intermediate material layer is, A power generation device characterized by having an odd number of stacked layers.

9. In Paragraph 1, Each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer is, A power generation device containing silver.

10. In Paragraph 1, Each of the above-mentioned rotating part and the above-mentioned fixed part has a disc shape, and A power generation device comprising a second insulating layer of the fixed portion including a protrusion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction from the disc shape.

11. In Paragraph 1, Each of the plurality of layers constituting the second charged layer is, A power generation device composed of any one of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PETg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified), PI (Polyimide), and Si (Silicon).

12. In Paragraph 3, The above intermediate material layer is, A power generation device that transfers negative charges generated in the negative charge-inducing material layer by triboelectricity to the positive charge-inducing material layer.

13. In Paragraph 3, The above intermediate material layer is composed of Si (Silicon), and A power generation device in which the above negative charge-inducing material layer is composed of PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy).

14. In Paragraph 1, The size of the second hole is substantially the same as the through surface of the rotation axis, and A power generation device in which the size of the third hole is larger than the size of the second hole.

15. In Paragraph 1, A power generation device further comprising a bearing disposed within the first hole and surrounding the rotation axis.

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