Measurement method of terminal in non-terrestrial network, and apparatus for supporting same

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication, and an apparatus for supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps in which a first device: acquires a reference time point; acquires a time offset; and performs measurement in a measurement period based on a reference time point for measurement, which is based on the reference time point and the time offset.

Description

Method for measuring a terminal in a non-terrestrial network and a device supporting the same

[0001] The present disclosure relates to non-terrestrial networks. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method for measuring a terminal in a non-terrestrial network and an apparatus supporting the same.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a first device acquiring a reference point; a first device acquiring a time offset; and a first device performing a measurement in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor, to: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include the step of a second device transmitting a reference time to a first device; and the step of the second device transmitting a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 shows a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 shows examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 shows an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 is K according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. offset and K mac It shows an example of.

[0029] FIG. 17 shows examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 shows an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 shows an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 shows an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 shows a functional framework for AI / ML (artificial intelligence and machine learning) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 22 shows an example of a first reference point and a second reference point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 shows an example of a first reference point and a second reference point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 25 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 26 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 27 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 28 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 29 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 30 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0044] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0045] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0046] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0047] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0048] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0049] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0050] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0052] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0053] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0054] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0055] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0057] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0058] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0059] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0060] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0061] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For example, to this end, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0062] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0063] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0064] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0065] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0066] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0067] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0068] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0069] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, an additional RRC_INACTIVE state is defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0070] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0071] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0073] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0074] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0075] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0076] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0077] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0078] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0080] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0081] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0082] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0084] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0085] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0086] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0087] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0088] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0089] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0090] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0091] - Optical wireless technology

[0092] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0093] - Quantum communication

[0094] - Cell-free communication

[0095] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0096] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0097] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0098] - Big data analysis

[0099] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0100] - Metaverse

[0101] - blockchain

[0102] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0103] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0104] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0105] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0106] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0107] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0109] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0110] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may generally include the following elements.

[0111] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks

[0112] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0113] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0114] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerated (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a given service area, typically defined by a line of sight. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the line of sight of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, for a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Thus, the repeating waveform signal in the payload may not be altered. For example, for a regenerated payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This can effectively be equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all base station functions.

[0115] - Optionally, Inter-Satellite Link (ISL)

[0116] - User equipment can be serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0117] FIG. 10 illustrates examples of an NTN access network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of a regenerated payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. An embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 10(a), for example, the satellite / HAPS can perform only the role of a simple repeater, receive uplink signals from the UE and transmit them to the Gateway, and relay downlink signals generated at the Gateway back to the UE. Here, for example, communication between the UE and the satellite can use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the Gateway can use NR radio frequency f2. For example, the actual 5G radio access network (e.g., 5G RAN) function is deployed at the Gateway or ground base station (e.g., gNB) located on the ground and can be coupled with the 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN). Thus, for example, the satellite can operate as a simple transponder structure that transparently transmits signals at the physical layer level without performing separate signal processing functions. For example, the transparent payload of FIG. 10(a) may be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 8. For example, the transparent payload of Fig. 10(a) may be related to the NTN architecture discussed in 3GPP Rel-17 and Rel-18.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 10(b), for example, the satellite / HAPS itself may be equipped with 5G RAN functions and may possess payload processing capabilities that include base station functions, rather than being a simple repeater. For example, communication between the UE and the satellite may use NR radio frequency f1, and communication between the satellite and the gateway may use NR radio frequency f2. Here, for example, the gateway is connected to a 5G core network (e.g., 5G CN), and since the satellite can directly provide RAN functions to the UE, it can replace or supplement a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, since the satellite has a structure that transmits NR signals after receiving, demodulating, and processing them, rather than simply relaying them, more intelligent wireless resource control and quality of service management are possible. For example, the regeneration payload in FIG. 10(b) may be related to the regeneration payload in FIG. 9. For example, the replay payload of Fig. 10 (b) may be related to the NTN architecture that can be discussed in 3GPP Rel-19 and thereafter.

[0120] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 11, an NTN may be disclosed that features an access network servicing UEs based, for example, a ground-based gNB (satellite hub or gateway level) and a satellite / aerial carrying a bent pipe payload. In FIG. 11, for example, the satellite or aerial may relay “satellite-friendly” NR signals between the gNB and the UEs in a transparent manner. For example, the UE may communicate with the satellite via a radio interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite may transmit the signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB may perform the role of a 5G radio access network (e.g., RAN) and may be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network through the N6 interface. Therefore, for example, in this structure, a satellite can extend the wireless section to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and subsequent procedures can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 11 can be related to the transparent payload of FIG. 10 (a).

[0122] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of possible options for an NTN architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 12, an NTN may be disclosed that features an access network for servicing UEs based on, for example, a satellite / aerial equipped with a gNB. In FIG. 12, for example, the satellite or aerial may include all or part of a gNB for generating / receiving “satellite-friendly” NR signals for transmitting and receiving with UEs. For example, this may require sufficient on-board processing power to deploy gNB or relay node functions. For example, a UE may communicate with the satellite via a radio interface (e.g., Uu), and the satellite may transmit the signal to a ground base station (e.g., gNB). For example, the gNB can perform the role of a 5G wireless access network (e.g., RAN) and can be connected to a 5G / 6G core (e.g., 5GC / 6GC) via an NG interface (e.g., NGc, NGu). For example, the 5GC / 6GC can be connected to an external data network via an N6 interface. Thus, for example, in this structure, a satellite can extend the wireless section to mediate the connection between the UE and the ground base station, and subsequent procedures can operate in the same way as the existing 5G structure. For example, the NTN architecture of FIG. 12 can be related to the replay payload of FIG. 10 (b).

[0124] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for downlink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, in step S1310, the base station can schedule downlink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, a transport layer, a downlink precoder, an MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PDSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0126] For example, in step S1320, the terminal can receive downlink control information (DCI: Downlink Control Information) for downlink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0127] For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 may be used for downlink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 1_1 may include the following information: Identifier for DCI formats, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, PRB bundling size indicator, Rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, Antenna port(s), Transmission configuration indication (TCI), SRS request, DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) sequence initialization

[0128] For example, the number of DMRS ports can be scheduled according to each state indicated in the antenna port(s) field, and SU (Single-user) / MU (Multi-user) transmission scheduling can also be performed.

[0129] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and the QCL for the DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states depending on the TCI field value.

[0130] For example, in step S1330, the terminal can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0131] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, it can decode the PDCCH according to instructions from the corresponding DCI.

[0132] For example, when a terminal receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the terminal may have a DMRS configuration type set by the upper layer parameter 'dmrs-Type', and the DMRS type may be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the terminal may have a maximum number of front-loaded DMRA symbols for the PDSCH set by the upper layer parameter 'maxLength'.

[0133] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 1, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 9, 10, 11 or 30} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0134] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 2, if a terminal is scheduled with a single codeword and an antenna port mapped to an index of {2, 10, or 23} is assigned, or if a terminal is scheduled with two codewords, the terminal can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another terminal.

[0135] For example, when a terminal receives PDSCH, the precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a consecutive block of resources in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to one of the values ​​{2, 4, broadband}.

[0136] For example, if P' is determined to be broadband, the terminal does not expect to be scheduled with non-contiguous PRBs, and the terminal can assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0137] For example, if P' is determined to be either {2 or 4}, the Precoding Resource Block Group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, the UE may assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within the PRG.

[0138] For example, to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within the PDSCH, the terminal can first read the 5-bit MCD field within the DCI and determine the modulation order and target code rate. Then, it can read the redundancy version field within the DCI and determine the redundancy version. Then, the terminal can determine the transport block size using the number of layers and the total number of allocated PRBs before rate matching.

[0139] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for uplink transmission and reception according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0140] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, in step S1410, the base station can schedule uplink transmissions such as frequency / time resources, transport layer, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine a beam for the terminal's PUSCH transmission through the operations described above.

[0141] For example, in step S1420, the terminal may receive a DCI on the PDCCH for uplink scheduling (e.g., including scheduling information of the PUSCH) from the base station.

[0142] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 may be used for uplink scheduling, and in particular, DCI format 0_1 ​​may include the following information: DCI format identifier, UL / SUL (Supplementary uplink) indicator, Bandwidth part indicator, Frequency domain resource assignment, Time domain resource assignment, Frequency hopping flag, Modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), Precoding information and number of layers, Antenna port(s), SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, UL-SCH (Uplink Shared Channel) indicator

[0143] For example, the SRS resource indicator field may indicate SRS resources configured within the SRS resource set associated with the upper-level parameter 'usage'. For instance, 'spatialRelationInfo' can be set for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0144] For example, in step S1430, the terminal can transmit uplink data to the base station over PUSCH.

[0145] For example, if the terminal detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, it can transmit the corresponding PUSCH according to the instructions given by the DCI.

[0146] For example, two transmission methods (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission) may be supported:

[0147] i) For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'codebook', the terminal can be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is set to 'nonCodebook', the terminal can be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, if the upper layer parameter 'txConfig' is not set, the terminal may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, if PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, the PUSCH transmission may be based on a single antenna port.

[0148] For example, in the case of codebook-based transmission, PUSCH can be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, if this PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the terminal can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on SRI, TPMI (transmit precoding matrix indicator), and transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS resource indicator field and the precoding information and number of layers fields. For example, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to the SRS resource selected by SRI when multiple SRS resources are set. For example, when a single SRS resource is set, TPMI is used to indicate the precoder to be applied across the antenna port and may correspond to that single SRS resource. For example, a transmission precoder may be selected from an uplink codebook having the same number of antenna ports as the upper layer parameter 'nrofSRS-Ports'. For example, when the upper layer set to 'codebook' is set to the parameter 'txConfig', the terminal may have at least one SRS resource configured. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS resource may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0149] ii) For example, in the case of non-codebook-based transmission, PUSCH may be scheduled in DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-statically. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the terminal may determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on a broadband SRI, where the SRI may be given by an SRS resource indicator within the DCI or by the upper layer parameter 'srs-ResourceIndicator'. For example, the terminal utilizes one or multiple SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources may be configured for simultaneous transmission within the same RB based on UE capabilities. For example, only one SRS port may be configured per SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource may be configured with the upper layer parameter 'usage' set to 'nonCodebook'. For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be set for non-codebook-based uplink transmissions may be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission may precede the PDCCH (e.g., slot n) carrying the SRI.

[0150] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of NTN according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0151] Referring to Fig. 15, examples according to NTN platform types can be shown. For example, examples according to NTN platform types may be HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station), LEO (Low Earth orbit), MEO (Medium Earth orbit), or GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit).

[0152] For example, parameters related to the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 20 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the HAPS (High-Altitude Platform Station) may be 5-200 km.

[0153] For example, parameters related to LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 300–1500 km. For example, the beam footprint size of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 100–1000 km. For example, the satellite velocity of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 7.56 km / sec (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay of LEO (Low Earth orbit) may be 25.77 msec (for LEO-600).

[0154] For example, parameters related to MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 7,000–25,000 km. For example, the beam footprint size of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 100–1,500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO (Medium Earth orbit) may be 95.19 msec (for MEO-10000).

[0155] For example, parameters related to the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be as follows. For example, the altitude of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 35,786 km. For example, the beam footprint size of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 200-3,500 km. For example, the satellite velocity of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 3.1 km / sec (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of the GEO (Geo-stationary Earth orbit) may be 541.46 msec.

[0156] For example, to effectively operate an NTN with a very long RTT, the scheduling offset is class This can be introduced.

[0157] FIG. 16 is K according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. offset and K macExamples of are shown. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0158] Referring to Fig. 16, for example, class Examples of can be presented. For example, service link RTT can be the RTT between the terminal and the satellite. For example, feeder link RTT can be the RTT between the satellite and the base station. For example, common TA can be the TA between the satellite and the RP. For example, can be an offset value representing the RTT of the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, can mean the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, may be an offset value representing the RTT between the RP and the gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT is the common TA (if indicated) and It can mean the sum of.

[0159] FIG. 17 illustrates examples of UE-specific TA and common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 17, terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays on the service link, and common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays between the RP (reference point) and the satellite.

[0161] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, a terminal can calculate a TA based on the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) capabilities (e.g., terminal location) and orbit-related upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, and this is a terminal-specific TA ( It can be referred to as ). For example, if orbit-related upper-layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA may be set to 0. For example, common TA parameters, which are upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station (e.g., , , and / or TA obtained based on ) common TA( It can be referred to as ). For example, if common TA parameters are not transmitted from the base station, the common TA can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (TTA) is “ It can be obtained as ”. For example, can refer to the TA offset value provided to the terminal per serving cell, and can mean a value obtained based on the timing advance command.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, in Rel-17 NTN, the terminal can calculate the TA itself based on the terminal's GNSS capability and base station guidance information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be designated as a terminal-specific (UE-specific) TA. For example, a TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be designated as a common TA, and the final TA based thereon can be based on FIG. 18 and the description related to FIG. 18.

[0163] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 18, the uplink frame number i for the transmission from the UE is before the start of the corresponding downlink frame from the UE You can start here

[0165] - and ...can be given in Section 4.2 of TS 38.213, and This may be excluded for msgA transmissions on PUSCH that are to be used;

[0166] - It can be derived from the upper-level parameters ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift, and ta-CommonDriftVariant if indicated, and otherwise It could be;

[0167] - is calculated by the UE based on UE position and serving-satellite-orbit-related upper-layer parameters if indicated, and otherwise It could be.

[0168] For example, there may be TA misalignment.

[0169] For example, in NR NTN, a TA mismatch may occur if the gNB does not receive a TA report, if the existing TA report is outdated, or if the granularity of the TA report is insufficient. For example, if the UE does not perform any TA reporting, the gNB [uses] several key scheduling variables (e.g., , Since ) cannot be configured, the above scenario (e.g., no TA reporting) may not be considered a feasible scenario. Therefore, assuming that the UE performs TA reporting, the magnitude of TA mismatch caused by TA reporting obsolescence and / or TA reporting granularity may need to be addressed. For example, if the UE performs TA reporting on NR NTN, TA discrepancies may occur primarily due to outdated TA reporting and / or coarse TA reporting granularity. For example, to support HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE, issues regarding quantitative-level TA misalignment between the gNB and the UE may need to be addressed.

[0170] Meanwhile, differences resulting from outdated TA reporting may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to RTT differences depending on the UE location within the cell (e.g., the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA).

[0171] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of TA mismatch within a beam / cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0172] Referring to Fig. 19, for example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS.

[0173] For example, assuming an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) is within approximately 300 µs, which corresponds to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with a 15 kHz SCS. For example, considering that the TA reported granularity of NTN is 1 ms (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols using a 15 kHz SCS), in the LEO example, the main cause of the TA discrepancy may be the TA reported granularity rather than the old TA reported. For example, for an LEO of 600 km, a beam size of 50 km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA may be smaller than the TA reported granularity (e.g., 1 ms). For example, in the case of HD-FDD (e)RedCap UE support, issues regarding the enhanced TA reporting mechanism, particularly TA reporting granularity, may need to be addressed.

[0174] For example, there may be a DL / UL collision under TA misalignment.

[0175] When comparing the timing advances of NTN and TN due to satellite movement, the timing advance of the service link between the satellite and the UE can be estimated by the UE itself. For example, the gNB can obtain the TA value through TA reporting, but due to the current 1ms granularity reported by the TA, the gNB cannot obtain the exact TA used by the UE, and the UE side cannot know when or which transmission will collide. For example, since the rule for when a DL reception collides with a UL transmission is intended to avoid collisions through gNB scheduling, the NTN gNB may experience difficulties in determining whether the UE is in an uplink slot or a downlink slot.

[0176] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information through system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be composed of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be composed of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0177] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0178] Referring to FIG. 20, information related to the orbital parameter orbit format (e.g., ephemeral information) includes the semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], the eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예를 들어, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예를 들어, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예를 들어, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0179] In the present disclosure, for example, the following terms may be defined to describe AI / ML.

[0180] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for ML model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0181] - ML Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies machine learning techniques to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information based on a set of inputs.

[0182] - ML Training: An online or offline process of training an ML model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and acquire an ML model trained for inference.

[0183] - ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and ML models using a trained ML model.

[0184] FIG. 21 illustrates a functional framework for artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI / ML) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0185] Referring to FIG. 21, for example, data collection may be a function that provides input data to model training and model inference functions. AI / ML algorithm-specific data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may not be performed in the data collection function. Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and outputs from AI / ML models.

[0186] For example, training data may be data required as input for the training function of an AI / ML model.

[0187] For example, inference data may be data required as input for the inference function of an AI / ML model.

[0188] For example, model training may be a function that performs ML model training, validation, and testing to generate model performance metrics as part of the model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on training data provided by the data collection function.

[0189] For example, model deployment / update can be used to initially deploy trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the model inference function, or to provide updated models to the model inference function.

[0190] For example, model inference can be a function that provides AI / ML model inference outputs (e.g., predictions or decisions). Where applicable, the model inference function can provide model performance feedback to the model training function. If necessary, the model inference function can also handle data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data provided by the data collection function.

[0191] For example, the output may be the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the model inference function. Note that the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0192] For example, model performance feedback can be used to monitor the performance of AI / ML models.

[0193] For example, an actor can be a function that receives output from a model inference function and triggers or performs the corresponding action. An actor can trigger actions on other entities or on itself.

[0194] For example, feedback may be information that is necessary to derive training or inference data or performance feedback.

[0195] For example, in datasets used in AI / ML, the definitions of training, validation, and test data can be as follows. For instance, training data may be a dataset for training a model. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for validating a model that has already been trained. For instance, validation data is typically used to prevent overfitting of the training dataset. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for selecting the best model among several models trained during the learning process. Therefore, this can be viewed as a type of training. For instance, test data may be a dataset for final evaluation, and test data may be unrelated to training. For instance, regarding the above datasets, if the training set is divided, the training and validation data within the entire training set can typically be split in a ratio of approximately 8:2 or 7:3; if tests are included, the ratio can be split as 6:2:2 (training:validation:test).

[0196] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0197] Recently, active research has been conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial (NTN) networks that utilize satellites, drones, and other devices as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTN can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which possess a geosynchronous orbit (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not possess a geosynchronous orbit (non-GSO). Additionally, satellites can be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) based on their altitude. In the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods, which offer relatively lower costs and higher data transmission rates, are primarily being researched. However, LEO satellites are NGSO satellites and are characterized by very high speeds required to maintain their orbits due to their close proximity to the Earth's surface. Therefore, to provide services to ground terminals via LEO satellites, it is necessary to overcome Doppler shifts caused by high relative velocities and / or significant time delays associated with high altitudes.

[0198] Recently, active research is being conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that utilize satellites, drones, and the like as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTNs can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which have a geosynchronous orbit (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not have a geosynchronous orbit (non-GSO, NGSO). For example, satellites in NTNs can also be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) depending on their altitude. Here, for example, in the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods that offer relatively low costs and high data transmission rates are primarily being researched. Here, for example, the aforementioned satellite-based non-terrestrial network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative velocity.

[0199] Here, for example, in a terrestrial network (TN), a terminal could perform radio measurements of adjacent cells by utilizing a measurement interval (e.g., measurement gap) set by a network node. However, in the LEO-based NTN, since the relative distance to the target (e.g., LEO satellite) that the terminal needs to measure changes over time, there may be a disadvantage in that the network node must frequently reset the measurement interval. For example, the network node may receive transmission delay (difference) information regarding the service node and the target node from the terminal and adjust the measurement interval based on said information. Here, for example, frequent setting changes can cause a large signal transmission load to the network node and / or terminal and may cause delays in the radio measurement process.

[0200] Accordingly, the present disclosure can propose a method and apparatus that efficiently support wireless measurement of a terminal in a non-terrestrial network, such as separating a reference point for data reception and a reference point for wireless measurement, and applying a time offset (which varies over time) to the wireless measurement interval.

[0201] The proposed method(s) of the present disclosure are described below as examples of non-terrestrial networks, but the proposed method(s) of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to terrestrial networks as well.

[0202] Recently, active research is being conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that utilize satellites, drones, and the like as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTNs can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which have a geosynchronous orbit (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not have a geosynchronous orbit (non-GSO, NGSO). For example, satellites in NTNs can also be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) depending on their altitude. Here, for example, in the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods that offer relatively low costs and high data transmission rates are primarily being researched. Here, for example, the aforementioned satellite-based non-terrestrial network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative velocity. Here, for example, the terminal could perform wireless measurements of adjacent cells by utilizing a measurement interval (e.g., measurement gap or SMTC, etc.) set by the network node. However, in the above LEO-based NTN, since the relative distance to the target (e.g., LEO satellite) that the terminal needs to measure changes over time, there may be a disadvantage in that the network node must frequently reset the measurement interval.

[0203] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a first reference point and a second reference point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 22, for example, the first device can obtain a first reference point. For example, the first device can receive the first reference point from the second device. For example, the first device can receive (downlink) data from the second device based on the first reference point. For example, the first device can receive (downlink) data from the second device in a data reception interval based on the first reference point.

[0205] For example, the first device can obtain a time offset. For example, the first device can receive a time offset from the second device.

[0206] For example, the first device can acquire a second reference point. For example, the first device can acquire a second reference point based on a first reference point and a time offset. For example, the first device can perform (wireless) measurements on the third device based on the second reference point. For example, the first device can perform (wireless) measurements on the third device in a wireless measurement interval based on the second reference point.

[0207] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the second device may be a serving base station and / or a serving satellite. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor base station and / or a neighbor satellite.

[0208] [Proposed Method #01] For example, in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can distinguish between a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) to a terminal that can calculate a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point, and the terminal can interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section based on the first reference point and / or the first information, and can interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section based on the second reference point and / or the first information.

[0209] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0210] Here, for example, the first reference point may be (pre)defined and / or set and / or indicated per transmission resource (group) and / or network node (group) that is the target of receiving data.

[0211] Here, for example, the second reference point may be (pre)defined and / or set and / or indicated per transmission resource (group) and / or network node (group) to be measured.

[0212] Here, for example, the terminal can determine a first reference point (and / or a second reference point) through a synchronization process.

[0213] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section on the downlink frame.

[0214] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section on the downlink frame.

[0215] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0216] Here, for example, when the terminal obtains downlink synchronization for the first node, it may assume the application of a downlink frame based on the synchronization at a reference point (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame), and may perform data reception on the frame. Here, for example, the first node may set a wireless measurement interval (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement interval) for the second node to the terminal by assuming the first downlink frame. Here, for example, in the case of mobile network nodes such as LEO satellites, the distance and / or transmission delay difference between the first node and / or the second node may change over time. For example, in the above case, the location of the first measurement interval within the first downlink frame may change, and a problem may arise in which the first node must frequently update the first measurement interval.

[0217] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network can distinguish a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) to a terminal that can calculate a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point, and the terminal can interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section based on the first reference point and / or the first information, and can interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section based on the second reference point and / or the first information.

[0218] For example, the terminal can determine a first reference point for the first node through a synchronization process and can determine a second reference point for the second node based on the first information. Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame) to which the first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information regarding the data reception interval for the first node on the first downlink frame. Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame (hereinafter referred to as the second downlink frame) to which the second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information regarding the wireless measurement interval for the second node on the second downlink frame. Here, for example, the signal transmission load required when providing the first information providing the (relative) time offset information to the terminal may be relatively less than the signal transmission load required when changing the wireless measurement interval setting for the second node.

[0219] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), the terminal may have the advantage of efficiently managing data reception intervals and / or wireless measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure can distinguish between a downlink reference time point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference time point) and a downlink reference time point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference time point), and provides the terminal with relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) capable of calculating a (relative) time offset for the first reference time point and / or the second reference time point, thereby enabling the terminal to interpret and / or apply wireless measurement interval settings based on the second reference time point. By doing so, there may be an advantage that the terminal can easily track wireless measurement intervals that change over time while reducing the signal transmission load.

[0220] According to the present disclosure, the problem of the burden of resetting measurement intervals occurring in non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments, particularly low earth orbit (LEO)-based NTN environments, can be effectively resolved.

[0221] Specifically, in the present disclosure, by performing measurements using a reference time and a time offset, the limitations of existing methods in which a network node must frequently reset the measurement interval according to changes in the relative position of a terminal can be overcome. For example, since the terminal can independently determine the measurement interval linked to the reference time for measurement based on a reference time and a time offset provided by the network or acquired internally, stable measurement can be performed even if there are changes in relative distance due to the movement of the satellite.

[0222] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, a data reception period for communication and a measurement period for measurement can be temporally separated or set independently. For example, communication with a serving network node can be performed in the data reception period based on a reference point and a time offset for communication, while simultaneously performing measurements on neighboring network nodes based on a reference point and a time offset for measurement. Accordingly, both communication performance and measurement performance can be reliably secured even in an NTN environment.

[0223] Furthermore, by managing time offsets for communication and measurement separately, it is possible to optimize time resource utilization for each purpose, even when communication and measurement requirements differ. This enables more efficient utilization of limited wireless resources in an NTN environment and can improve the overall operational efficiency of the network.

[0224] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, since user equipment (UE) can flexibly perform measurements on neighboring network nodes while maintaining communication with a serving network node, the reliability of mobility management procedures such as handover, cell reselection, or network discovery can be improved. This can contribute to ensuring service continuity, particularly in LEO-based NTN environments where satellite coverage changes rapidly.

[0225] Overall, the present disclosure can provide the effect of simultaneously improving the flexibility of measurement interval setting, measurement accuracy, communication stability, and network operation efficiency in an LEO-based NTN environment, and can have the technical advantage of reducing the control burden on network nodes while enabling terminal-centric autonomous measurement performance.

[0226] The above [Proposed Plan #01] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0227] [Proposed Method #02] For example, in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can distinguish between a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) capable of calculating a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point to a terminal in one or more of the following ways.

[0228] (1) Set and / or instruct (temporary and / or fixed) time offset information

[0229] (2) Set and / or direct time offset information (expressed as a function of time).

[0230] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0231] Here, for example, the first reference point may be (pre)defined and / or set and / or indicated per transmission resource (group) and / or network node (group) that is the target of receiving data.

[0232] Here, for example, the second reference point may be (pre)defined and / or set and / or indicated per transmission resource (group) and / or network node (group) to be measured.

[0233] Here, for example, the terminal can determine a first reference point (and / or a second reference point) through a synchronization process.

[0234] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section on the downlink frame.

[0235] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section on the downlink frame.

[0236] Here, for example, the time offset information may be provided to the terminal through a synchronization signal and / or system information and / or upper layer signal and / or control signal, etc.

[0237] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0238] Here, for example, when the terminal obtains downlink synchronization for the first node, it may assume the application of a downlink frame based on the synchronization at a reference point (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame), and may perform data reception on the frame. Here, for example, the first node may set a wireless measurement interval (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement interval) for the second node to the terminal by assuming the first downlink frame. Here, for example, in the case of mobile network nodes such as LEO satellites, the distance and / or transmission delay difference between the first node and / or the second node may change over time. For example, in the above case, the location of the first measurement interval within the first downlink frame may change, and a problem may arise in which the first node must frequently update the first measurement interval.

[0239] Here, for example, to resolve the above problem, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can distinguish a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) to a terminal that can calculate a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point. Here, for example, the network node can set and / or indicate (temporary and / or fixed) time offset information or set and / or indicate (time offset information expressed as a function of time) using the first information.

[0240] For example, the terminal can determine a first reference point for the first node through a synchronization process and can determine a second reference point for the second node based on the first information. Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame) to which the first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information regarding the data reception interval for the first node on the first downlink frame. Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame (hereinafter referred to as the second downlink frame) to which the second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information regarding the wireless measurement interval for the second node on the second downlink frame. Here, for example, the signal transmission load required when providing the first information providing the (relative) time offset information to the terminal may be relatively less than the signal transmission load required when changing the wireless measurement interval setting for the second node. Here, for example, if the first information is time offset information (expressed as a function of time), the terminal can secure a second reference point without receiving additional setting information during the time the first information is valid, and thereby track the wireless measurement interval for the second node.

[0241] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), there may be an advantage that the terminal can efficiently manage data reception intervals and / or wireless measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure can distinguish a downlink reference time point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference time point) and a downlink reference time point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference time point), and can set and / or indicate relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) capable of calculating a (relative) time offset for the first reference time point and / or the second reference time point as time offset information (expressed as a function of time), thereby supporting the terminal to adjust and / or track the second reference time point and the associated wireless measurement interval without interruption. By doing so, there may be an advantage that the terminal can easily track wireless measurement intervals that change over time while reducing the signal transmission load.

[0242] In particular, by configuring the time offset to be a function of time, changes in relative distance, Doppler shift, and propagation delay due to satellite movement can be precisely reflected over time. Accordingly, measurement intervals can be predicted and corrected more accurately even in LEO satellite environments characterized by high-speed movement, thereby reducing the probability of measurement failure and improving measurement accuracy.

[0243] The above [Proposed Plan #02] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0244] Recently, active research is being conducted in the field of mobile communications on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that utilize satellites, drones, and the like as network nodes. For example, satellites in NTNs can be broadly classified into GSO satellites, which have a geosynchronous orbit (GSO), and NGSO satellites, which do not have a geosynchronous orbit (non-GSO, NGSO). For example, satellites in NTNs can also be classified into low earth orbit (LEO), medium earth orbit (MEO), and high earth orbit (HEO) depending on their altitude. Here, for example, in the field of mobile communications, LEO-based NTN support methods that offer relatively low costs and high data transmission rates are primarily being researched. Here, for example, the aforementioned satellite-based non-terrestrial network may have channel characteristics such as large path attenuation and / or long time delay and / or large Doppler shift due to high altitude and / or high relative velocity. Here, for example, the terminal could perform wireless measurements of adjacent cells by utilizing a measurement interval (e.g., measurement gap or SMTC, etc.) set by the network node. However, in the above LEO-based NTN, since the relative distance to the target (e.g., LEO satellite) that the terminal needs to measure changes over time, there may be a disadvantage in that the network node must frequently reset the measurement interval.

[0245] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a first reference point and a second reference point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0246] Referring to FIG. 23, for example, the first device can obtain a specific reference point. For example, the first device can receive a specific reference point from the second device.

[0247] For example, the first device may obtain a time offset. For example, the first device may receive a time offset from the second device. For example, the time offset may include a first time offset and / or a second time offset.

[0248] For example, the first device can acquire a first reference point. For example, the first device can acquire a first reference point based on a specific reference point and a first time offset. For example, the first device can receive (downlink) data from the second device based on the first reference point. For example, the first device can receive (downlink) data from the second device during the data reception interval based on the first reference point.

[0249] For example, the first device can acquire a second reference point. For example, the first device can acquire a second reference point based on a specific reference point and a second time offset. For example, the first device can perform (wireless) measurements on the third device based on the second reference point. For example, the first device can perform (wireless) measurements on the third device in a wireless measurement interval based on the second reference point.

[0250] For example, the first device may be a terminal. For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the second device may be a serving base station and / or a serving satellite. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor base station and / or a neighbor satellite.

[0251] [Proposed Method #03] For example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network can distinguish between a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide time offset information (expressed as a function of time) for the first reference point and / or the second reference point, one or more of the following information can be provided to a terminal as information related to the time offset, and

[0252] (1) A model (expressed as a function of time) of the distance to the network node associated with the first reference point (based on a specific reference point) and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary

[0253] (2) A model (expressed as a function of time) of the distance to the network node associated with the second reference point (based on a specific reference point) and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary

[0254] For example, the terminal can calculate the time offset based on the distance and / or transmission delay and / or the difference between the downlink frame boundaries.

[0255] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) may separate a reference time for data reception and a reference time for radio measurement, and a terminal may apply a first time offset (which varies over time) to the data measurement interval, and a terminal may apply a second time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0256] Here, for example, the above model may be predefined and / or set and / or indicated.

[0257] Here, for example, the above model may mean a mathematical model and / or an artificial intelligence model.

[0258] Here, for example, the above model may include the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time to achieve the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) as a major (design) variable.

[0259] Here, for example, the above model may include one or more (design) variables, and the values ​​for the (design) variables may be (pre)defined and / or set by a network node or reported by a terminal.

[0260] Here, for example, the above model may be a model assuming reception at a specific reference point, and the specific reference point information may be provided to the terminal by a network node.

[0261] Here, for example, the wireless measurement target may be a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite).

[0262] Here, for example, the network node may provide the terminal with information regarding the valid time and / or timer associated with the model.

[0263] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section on the downlink frame.

[0264] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section on the downlink frame.

[0265] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0266] Here, for example, when the terminal obtains downlink synchronization for the first node, it may assume the application of a downlink frame based on the synchronization at a reference point (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame), and may perform data reception on the frame. Here, for example, the first node may set a wireless measurement interval (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement interval) for the second node to the terminal by assuming the first downlink frame. Here, for example, in the case of mobile network nodes such as LEO satellites, the distance and / or transmission delay difference between the first node and / or the second node may change over time. For example, in the above case, the location of the first measurement interval within the first downlink frame may change, and a problem may arise in which the first node must frequently update the first measurement interval.

[0267] Here, for example, to resolve the above problem, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network may distinguish a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for radio measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and may provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) to a terminal that can calculate a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point. Here, for example, the network node may set and / or indicate time offset information (expressed as a function of time) using the first information. For example, one or more of the following information may be provided to the terminal as information related to the time offset, and

[0268] (1) A model (expressed as a function of time) of the distance to the network node associated with the first reference point (based on a specific reference point) and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary

[0269] (2) A model (expressed as a function of time) of the distance to the network node associated with the second reference point (based on a specific reference point) and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary

[0270] For example, the terminal can calculate the difference between the distance and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary based on a promised and / or provided model, and then derive the time offset information based on the difference. Here, for example, the terminal can derive the second reference point based on the time offset information, and thereby track the wireless measurement interval for the second node.

[0271] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), there may be an advantage that the terminal can efficiently manage data reception intervals and / or wireless measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure can distinguish a downlink reference time point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference time point) and a downlink reference time point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference time point), and can set and / or indicate relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) capable of calculating a (relative) time offset for the first reference time point and / or the second reference time point as time offset information (expressed as a function of time), thereby supporting the terminal to adjust and / or track the second reference time point and the associated wireless measurement interval without interruption. By doing so, there may be an advantage that the terminal can easily track wireless measurement intervals that change over time while reducing the signal transmission load.

[0272] According to the present disclosure, the problem of the burden of resetting measurement intervals occurring in non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments, particularly low earth orbit (LEO)-based NTN environments, can be effectively resolved.

[0273] Specifically, in the present disclosure, by performing measurements using a reference time and a time offset, the limitations of existing methods in which a network node must frequently reset the measurement interval according to changes in the relative position of a terminal can be overcome. For example, since the terminal can independently determine the measurement interval linked to the reference time for measurement based on a reference time and a time offset provided by the network or acquired internally, stable measurement can be performed even if there are changes in relative distance due to the movement of the satellite.

[0274] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, a data reception period for communication and a measurement period for measurement can be temporally separated or set independently. For example, communication with a serving network node can be performed in the data reception period based on a reference point and a time offset for communication, while simultaneously performing measurements on neighboring network nodes based on a reference point and a time offset for measurement. Accordingly, both communication performance and measurement performance can be reliably secured even in an NTN environment.

[0275] Furthermore, by managing time offsets for communication and measurement separately, it is possible to optimize time resource utilization for each purpose, even when communication and measurement requirements differ. This enables more efficient utilization of limited wireless resources in an NTN environment and can improve the overall operational efficiency of the network.

[0276] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, since user equipment (UE) can flexibly perform measurements on neighboring network nodes while maintaining communication with a serving network node, the reliability of mobility management procedures such as handover, cell reselection, or network discovery can be improved. This can contribute to ensuring service continuity, particularly in LEO-based NTN environments where satellite coverage changes rapidly.

[0277] Overall, the present disclosure can provide the effect of simultaneously improving the flexibility of measurement interval setting, measurement accuracy, communication stability, and network operation efficiency in an LEO-based NTN environment, and can have the technical advantage of reducing the control burden on network nodes while enabling terminal-centric autonomous measurement performance.

[0278] The above [Proposed Plan #03] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0279] [Proposed Method #04] For example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can provide a terminal with a model (expressed as a function of time) regarding the distance to (a specific) network node and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary (based on a specific reference point), the terminal may determine and / or report whether the model is available based on one or more of the following items.

[0280] (1) Relative position and / or distance between a specific reference point and the terminal

[0281] (2) Reception sensitivity and / or signal strength of a resource linked to a specific reference point

[0282] (3) Difference / difference between the terminal location-based estimate (for distance and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary) and the model-based estimate

[0283] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0284] Here, for example, the above model may be predefined and / or set and / or indicated.

[0285] Here, for example, the above model may mean a mathematical model and / or an artificial intelligence model.

[0286] Here, for example, the above model may include the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time to achieve the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) as a major (design) variable.

[0287] Here, for example, the above model may include one or more (design) variables, and the values ​​for the (design) variables may be (pre)defined and / or set by a network node or reported by a terminal.

[0288] Here, for example, the above model may be a model assuming reception at a specific reference point, and the specific reference point information may be provided to the terminal by a network node.

[0289] Here, for example, the network node may provide the terminal with information regarding a reference value and / or a threshold value as information to assist the terminal in making a decision.

[0290] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0291] Here, for example, a network node of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., a first node) may provide a terminal with a model (hereinafter referred to as the first model) (expressed as a function of time) regarding the distance and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary with a (specific) network node (relative to a specific reference point), and the terminal may utilize the first model to interpret and / or apply configuration information regarding the data reception interval and / or wireless measurement interval for the first node and / or the second node. Here, for example, the first model may not always be valid. For example, the first model may be a model provided relative to a specific reference point and may be valid only when the terminal is located within a certain distance of the specific reference point. For example, the first model may be valid only when the terminal detects the reception sensitivity and / or signal strength of a resource linked to the specific reference point above a certain level. For example, the first model may be valid only when the difference / difference between the terminal location-based estimate (for distance and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundaries) and the model-based estimate is within a certain error.

[0292] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or radio measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), the terminal may have the advantage of efficiently managing data reception intervals and / or radio measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure can prevent the problem of misusing the model by allowing the terminal to determine the validity of the model through its location information and / or channel sensing when the network node provides the terminal with a model (expressed as a function of time) regarding the distance and / or transmission delay and / or downlink frame boundary with the (specific) network node (relative to a specific reference point). By doing so, the terminal may have the advantage of supporting the correct interpretation of data reception intervals and / or radio measurement intervals according to changes over time.

[0293] The above [Proposed Plan #04] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0294] [Proposed Method #05] For example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can distinguish between a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide time offset information (expressed as a function of time) for the first reference point and / or the second reference point, the terminal can adjust and / or determine a specific wireless measurement resource and / or section based on the time offset information (expressed as a function of time) in one or more of the following ways.

[0295] (1) The terminal voluntarily adjusts and / or determines based on the time offset information above.

[0296] (2) The terminal requests wireless measurement resources and / or interval updates based on the above time offset information

[0297] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0298] Here, for example, the above model may be predefined and / or set and / or indicated.

[0299] Here, for example, the above model may mean a mathematical model and / or an artificial intelligence model.

[0300] Here, for example, the above model may include the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) and / or the time to achieve the (max) elevation angle (between the terminal and the satellite) as a major (design) variable.

[0301] Here, for example, the above model may include one or more (design) variables, and the values ​​for the (design) variables may be (pre)defined and / or set by a network node or reported by a terminal.

[0302] Here, for example, the above model may be a model assuming reception at a specific reference point, and the specific reference point information may be provided to the terminal by a network node.

[0303] Here, for example, the network node may (pre-)define and / or set constraint information, such as units and / or locations that can be adjusted in relation to the wireless measurement resource and / or interval, to the terminal.

[0304] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a first reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a data reception section on the downlink frame.

[0305] Here, for example, the terminal may assume a downlink frame to which a second reference point is applied, and may interpret and / or apply setting information for a wireless measurement section on the downlink frame.

[0306] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0307] Here, for example, when the terminal obtains downlink synchronization for the first node, it may assume the application of a downlink frame based on the synchronization at a reference point (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame), and may perform data reception on the frame. Here, for example, the first node may set a wireless measurement interval (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement interval) for the second node to the terminal by assuming the first downlink frame. Here, for example, in the case of mobile network nodes such as LEO satellites, the distance and / or transmission delay difference between the first node and / or the second node may change over time. For example, in the above case, the location of the first measurement interval within the first downlink frame may change, and a problem may arise in which the first node must frequently update the first measurement interval.

[0308] Here, for example, to resolve the above problem, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can distinguish a downlink reference point for data reception (hereinafter referred to as the first reference point) and a downlink reference point for wireless measurement (hereinafter referred to as the second reference point), and can provide relevant information (hereinafter referred to as the first information) to a terminal that can calculate a (relative) time offset for the first reference point and / or the second reference point. Here, for example, the terminal can adjust and / or determine a specific wireless measurement resource and / or interval based on the time offset information (expressed as a function of time) using one or more of the following methods.

[0309] (1) The terminal voluntarily adjusts and / or determines based on the time offset information above.

[0310] (2) The terminal requests wireless measurement resources and / or interval updates based on the above time offset information

[0311] For example, if permitted by the network node, the terminal may derive the second reference point by utilizing the time offset information (expressed as a function of time) that is agreed upon and / or set in the same way as the network node, and may interpret and / or apply the setting information for the associated wireless measurement section. Alternatively, for example, the terminal may derive the second reference point by utilizing the time offset information (expressed as a function of time), and based on the derived result, may report to the network node a request for a change to the wireless measurement section and / or adjustment values ​​to be changed. Here, for example, the network node may (pre)define and / or set constraint information, such as units and / or locations that can be adjusted regarding the wireless measurement resource and / or section, to the terminal.

[0312] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), the terminal may have the advantage of efficiently managing data reception intervals and / or wireless measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure may have the advantage of allowing the terminal to voluntarily update the wireless measurement interval based on time offset information (expressed as a function of time) agreed upon with the network node, thereby enabling the wireless measurement interval to be updated without additional signal transmission load.

[0313] The above [Proposed Plan #05] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0314] [Proposed Method #06] For example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to a terminal, the terminal can determine the validity of the measurement resource and / or measurement interval based on the degree of (time axis) overlap between the measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval.

[0315] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0316] Here, for example, the position of the above-mentioned measurement resource and / or measurement interval may change over time (time axis).

[0317] Here, for example, the terminal may report validity information regarding the measurement resource and / or measurement interval to the network. For example, it may request a resetting of the measurement interval.

[0318] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0319] Here, for example, the terminal can acquire synchronization with the first node and determine a first reference point based on the synchronization point. Here, for example, the first node can set a wireless measurement interval for the second node to the terminal based on a downlink frame (hereinafter referred to as the first downlink frame) according to the first reference point. Here, for example, the position on the first downlink frame of the wireless measurement resource transmitted by the second node at the reception point may change as the relative position of the second node (satellite) with respect to the first node (satellite) changes. Here, for example, the terminal can observe a phenomenon in which the wireless measurement resource transitions on the time axis relative to the set wireless measurement interval. Here, for example, if the wireless measurement resource deviates from the wireless measurement interval by more than a certain percentage, the accuracy of the wireless measurement may decrease and its validity may be compromised.

[0320] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, for example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network can set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to a terminal, the terminal can determine the validity of the measurement resource and / or measurement interval based on the degree of (time axis) overlap between the measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval. For example, the terminal may determine that the measurement resource and / or measurement interval are invalid if the measurement resource deviates from the measurement interval by a certain percentage and / or a certain length or more on the time axis. Here, for example, the terminal may report validity information regarding the measurement resource and / or measurement interval to the network node or request a change in the settings regarding the measurement resource and / or measurement interval.

[0321] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), there may be an advantage in that the terminal can efficiently manage data reception intervals and / or wireless measurement intervals that change over time. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure can help network nodes manage measurement resources and / or measurement intervals by having the terminal determine and / or report the validity of measurement resources and / or measurement intervals when the terminal detects a time-axis transition phenomenon between measurement resources and measurement intervals due to satellite movement.

[0322] The above [Proposed Plan #06] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0323] [Proposed Method #07] For example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to a terminal, the measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval can be configured with a plurality of (consecutive) (sub) resource blocks and / or (sub) intervals distributed along the time axis.

[0324] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0325] Here, for example, the network node can perform (specific) data transmission during the time between the (sub) resource block and / or (sub) interval.

[0326] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0327] Here, for example, the first node may set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval for the second node to the terminal. Here, for example, if the measurement interval is set as a continuous time interval, traffic requiring low-latency characteristics may not be transmitted and / or received during the measurement interval. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, for example, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or a non-terrestrial network may set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to the terminal, the measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval may be configured as a plurality of (continuous) (sub) resource blocks and / or (sub) intervals distributed along the time axis. For example, the network node may set the measurement interval in a block-unit interlace form. Here, for example, the network node may perform (specific) data transmission during the time between the (sub) resource blocks and / or (sub) intervals.

[0328] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or wireless measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), there may be an advantage in that low-latency data transmission and / or reception within the wireless measurement interval can be allowed, thereby supporting the terminal's low-latency service without interruption.

[0329] The above [Proposed Plan #07] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0330] [Proposed Method #08] For example, when a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to a terminal, the network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) can provide beam and / or spatial filter information for said measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to the terminal in one or more of the following ways.

[0331] (1) Utilization of (relative / absolute) position information (associated with) beam and / or spatial filters

[0332] (2) Utilize beam and / or spatial filter (identification) information configured for network nodes servicing data

[0333] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0334] Here, for example, the above (relative / absolute) position information may refer to the position that the beam and / or spatial filter is oriented toward.

[0335] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) services a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the terminal may perform radio measurements on a surrounding network node other than the first node (hereinafter referred to as the second node). Here, for example, the transmission delay between the terminal and the first node (hereinafter referred to as the first transmission delay) and the transmission delay between the terminal and the second node (hereinafter referred to as the second transmission delay) may differ significantly.

[0336] Here, for example, the first node may set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval for the second node to the terminal. Here, for example, in the relevant technology, synchronization signal and / or downlink reference signal information of a network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) transmitting the measurement resource may be utilized as beam and / or spatial filter information for the measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval. For example, if a specific synchronization block is set as beam and / or spatial filter information, the application of the same beam and / or spatial filter as when receiving the corresponding synchronization block may be intended. However, in a non-terrestrial network, the areas serviced by the first node and the second node may be geographically located very far apart, and the beam and / or spatial filter used by the second node when transmitting a measurement resource to a terminal within the service area of ​​the first node may be different from the beam and / or spatial filter for service within the second node. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, when a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can set a measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval to a terminal, beam and / or spatial filter information for said measurement resource and / or (associated) measurement interval can be provided to the terminal in one or more of the following ways.

[0337] (1) Utilization of (relative / absolute) position information (associated with) beam and / or spatial filters

[0338] (2) Utilize beam and / or spatial filter (identification) information configured for network nodes servicing data

[0339] For example, when the network node provides configuration information related to a measurement resource and / or measurement section to a terminal, it may also provide specific reference point and / or location information within the configuration information that the relevant measurement resource and / or measurement section aims for or targets. For example, when the network node provides beam and / or spatial filter information related to the measurement resource and / or measurement section, it may provide beam and / or spatial filter (identification) information configured for the network node servicing the data. For example, more generally, when the network node provides beam and / or spatial filter information related to the measurement resource and / or measurement section, it may utilize beam and / or spatial filter information configured for a network node different from the network node transmitting the wireless measurement resource.

[0340] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, when a terminal in a non-terrestrial network performs data reception and / or radio measurement for one or more network nodes (e.g., base stations and / or satellites), beam and / or spatial filter information regarding measurement resources and / or measurement intervals for radio measurement is separated from beam and / or spatial filter information for service purposes, thereby enabling the terminal to apply a reception beam and / or spatial filter that is more advantageous to the radio measurement process.

[0341] The above [Proposed Plan #08] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0342] [Proposed Method #09] For example, when a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can perform network node selection (e.g., base station and / or satellite selection) and / or radio measurement reporting trigger, the terminal can perform network node selection and / or radio measurement reporting trigger based on at least one of the following items.

[0343] (1) Whether the minimum data transmission speed (required for mobility management) is met

[0344] (2) Time when network nodes are observable

[0345] (3) Time when service can be received from network nodes

[0346] (4) (pseudo)distance from network nodes

[0347] (5) Received sensitivity / strength through network node-related measurement resources

[0348] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0349] Here, for example, information regarding conditions related to the network selection and / or wireless measurement report trigger may be (pre)agreed upon and / or defined, or the network node may set and / or instruct the terminal.

[0350] Here, for example, the above item may be information provided by a network node and / or information measured and / or estimated by the terminal.

[0351] Here, for example, the above item may be information about a (specific) satellite beam and / or a (specific) cell and / or a (specific) RP (reference point).

[0352] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) can service a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the network node may be a satellite, and the satellite may service a plurality of cell(s) through a plurality of satellite beams. Here, for example, it may be desirable to support the terminal in the non-terrestrial network to perform network node selection on a satellite unit basis rather than a cell unit basis as in the relevant technology. Here, for example, when the terminal selects a network node for the non-terrestrial network, it may not be desirable to select it based solely on reception strength / sensitivity. For example, it may be assumed that there is a first satellite and a second satellite, and the terminal has measured a stronger reception sensitivity / strength for the first satellite. Here, for example, the first time during which the first satellite is available to service the terminal may be significantly shorter than the second time during which the second satellite is available to service the terminal, and when the terminal selects a satellite for the purpose of mobility management, it may be preferable to select the second satellite rather than the first satellite.

[0353] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, for example, when a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can perform network node selection (e.g., base station and / or satellite selection) and / or radio measurement reporting trigger, the terminal can perform network node selection and / or radio measurement reporting trigger based on at least one of the following items.

[0354] (1) Whether the minimum data transmission speed (required for mobility management) is met

[0355] (2) Time when network nodes are observable

[0356] (3) Time when service can be received from network nodes

[0357] (4) (pseudo)distance from network nodes

[0358] (5) Received sensitivity / strength through network node-related measurement resources

[0359] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure, there may be an advantage in that a terminal in a non-terrestrial network can perform wireless measurements at the satellite and / or cell group level and select a network node based thereon. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure may enable the terminal to select a node in a non-terrestrial network by considering data necessary for mobility management, such as the service duration other than reception strength / sensitivity, in a three-dimensional and / or multi-faceted manner. By doing so, the terminal can select a network node that is more advantageous in terms of mobility management.

[0360] The above [Proposed Plan #09] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0361] [Proposed Method #10] For example, when a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can perform a radio measurement (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement) on a radio measurement resource (hereinafter referred to as the first resource) related to a (specific) network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or a (specific) cell (and / or cell group), the terminal can perform the radio measurement through at least one of the following processes.

[0362] (1) Collection of measurement data for (all) first resource transmission opportunities within a (specific) period (and / or interval) (hereinafter the first period) (hereinafter the first data set)

[0363] (2) Select values ​​above a certain threshold from the first data set (hereinafter the second data set)

[0364] (3) Derivation of a (single) statistical value and / or representative value for the second data set above

[0365] (4) Derivation of wireless metrics based on the above (single) statistical value and / or representative value

[0366] Here, for example, a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) can separate a reference point for data reception and a reference point for radio measurement, and the terminal can apply a time offset (which varies over time) to the radio measurement interval.

[0367] Here, for example, the first resource and / or first cycle may be (pre) agreed upon and / or defined, or set and / or instructed to the terminal by a network node.

[0368] Here, for example, the first resource and / or first cycle may be generated and / or determined based on a satellite (and / or cell group) related identifier.

[0369] Here, for example, the above measurement data may be (three-dimensional) (multidimensional) data and may consist of at least one of the following items.

[0370] (1) Whether the minimum data transmission speed (required for mobility management) is met

[0371] (2) Time when network nodes are observable

[0372] (3) Time when service can be received from network nodes

[0373] (4) (pseudo)distance from network nodes

[0374] (5) Received sensitivity / strength through network node-related measurement resources

[0375] Here, for example, the above statistical value may mean a minimum value and / or an average value and / or a maximum value.

[0376] Here, for example, the above threshold value may be pre-agreed / defined or set and / or directed by the network.

[0377] For example, in a non-terrestrial network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it may be assumed that a network node (e.g., a base station and / or a satellite) (hereinafter referred to as the first node) can service a terrestrial and / or aerial terminal. Here, for example, the network node may be a satellite, and the satellite may service a plurality of cell(s) through a plurality of satellite beams. Here, for example, it may be desirable to support the terminal in the non-terrestrial network to perform network node selection on a satellite unit rather than a cell unit as in the related technology. Here, for example, when performing radio measurement on a satellite unit, the terminal may perform radio measurement on a satellite (and / or cell group) unit through a radio measurement resource (hereinafter referred to as the first resource) defined by a satellite identifier and / or a cell group identifier corresponding to the satellite. Here, for example, the satellite may have transmission power constraints due to battery-based operation; therefore, the first resource cannot be transmitted in the form of a single frequency network (SFN) by all cells within the cell group corresponding to the satellite, and some cells within the cell group may take turns transmitting the first resource (hereinafter referred to as beam hopping). Accordingly, when the terminal performs radio measurement based on the first resource, if radio measurement values ​​for all transmission opportunities of the first resource are utilized as in the relevant technology, invalid transmission opportunities of the first resource may be included, which may distort the radio measurement indicators for the satellite (and / or cell group) (e.g., transmission opportunities where the first resource is transmitted to a satellite beam in the opposite direction to the terminal).

[0378] Accordingly, in the present disclosure, when a terminal in a terrestrial network and / or non-terrestrial network can perform a radio measurement (hereinafter referred to as the first measurement) for a radio measurement resource (hereinafter referred to as the first resource) related to a (specific) network node (e.g., base station and / or satellite) and / or a (specific) cell (and / or cell group), the terminal can perform the radio measurement through at least one of the following processes.

[0379] (1) Collection of measurement data for (all) first resource transmission opportunities within a (specific) period (and / or interval) (hereinafter the first period) (hereinafter the first data set)

[0380] (2) Select values ​​above a certain threshold from the first data set (hereinafter the second data set)

[0381] (3) Derivation of a (single) statistical value and / or representative value for the second data set above

[0382] (4) Derivation of wireless metrics based on the above (single) statistical value and / or representative value

[0383] For example, the terminal may form a first data set by measuring the reception strength at every transmission opportunity of the first resource during the first cycle, and may select only data from the first data set that is above a threshold value, assuming that it was received through a valid satellite beam (hereinafter referred to as the second data set). Here, for example, the terminal may use the maximum value within the second data set as a radio measurement indicator related to the satellite (and / or cell group).

[0384] According to the proposed method of the present disclosure above, there may be an advantage that a terminal in a non-terrestrial network can perform wireless measurement at the satellite and / or cell group level and select a network node based thereon. Here, for example, the proposed method of the present disclosure above can enable the terminal to derive valid wireless measurement indicators for a satellite (and / or cell group) by having the terminal select some of the measurement data measured by the same resource within a certain period according to a reference value.

[0385] The above [Proposed Plan #10] may be applied in combination with other proposed plans within the scope where the proposed operations do not conflict.

[0386] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure are described as examples of non-ground networks, they can be extended to ground networks as well.

[0387] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0388] Combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently to the type of non-geostational network node (e.g., GEO (geostationary earth orbit), NGEO (non-geostationary earth orbit), LEO (low earth orbit), MEO (medium earth orbit), HASP (high altitude satellite platform), drone) or altitude or fixed beam footprint or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0389] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the TDD setting and utilization are not limited to the TDD band, and can be extended to the FDD band and / or a combination of specific DL band and / or UL band.

[0390] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station or network node may be a satellite. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a transparent payload. For example, a base station or network node may be associated with a regenerated payload.

[0391] A combination of embodiments of the present disclosure may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0392] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (DL, UL, SL) and / or the data type (SIB, group cast, unicast) and / or the search space type (CSS (common search space), USS (UE-specific search space)) where the scheduling PDCCH is detected and / or the base station node type and / or altitude and / or whether there is a power constraint. For example, a combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only when involved in SIB transmission.

[0393] For example, in the present disclosure, "specific threshold" may mean a threshold that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "specific set value" may mean a value that is predefined or (pre-)set by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, "set by the network / base station" may mean an action in which a base station sets to a UE (pre-) through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to a UE through MAC CE, or signals to a UE through DCI.

[0394] For example, in this disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced or considered as other names performing the same or similar functions based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0395] FIG. 24 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0396] Referring to FIG. 24, in step S2410, the first device can obtain a reference point. In step S2420, the first device can obtain a time offset. In step S2430, the first device can perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0397] For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference time point. For example, the measurement may be a measurement of the third device.

[0398] For example, the first device may be a terminal (user equipment, UE). For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0399] For example, the above time offset may include a function of time.

[0400] For example, the time offset may include a time offset for communication and a time offset for measurement. For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference point and the time offset for communication. For example, the measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference point and the time offset for measurement included in the time offset. For example, the measurement may be a measurement for a third device.

[0401] The first device may be a terminal (UE). The second device may be a serving network node. The third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0402] For example, the first device may acquire a reference point. For example, the first device may determine the validity of the measurement interval based on the reference point for the measurement based on at least one of the distance between the reference point and the first device, the sensitivity of a resource associated with the reference point, or the signal strength of the resource associated with the reference point.

[0403] For example, the first device may acquire a measurement resource. For example, the first device may perform a procedure to update the measurement resource based on the reference point for the measurement based on the reference point and the time offset. For example, the procedure to update the measurement resource may be performed based on at least one of the first device autonomously performing the update or the first device reporting information related to the update to the second device.

[0404] For example, the first device may acquire a measurement resource based on the position between the second device and the third device. For example, the first device may determine that the measurement interval is invalid based on the fact that the degree of overlap between the measurement interval and the measurement resource is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0405] For example, the above measurement interval may include multiple measurement intervals.

[0406] For example, the first device may acquire position information related to a beam or spatial filter associated with the third device. For example, a measurement of the beam or spatial filter associated with the third device in the measurement interval may be based on the position of the beam or spatial filter associated with the third device.

[0407] For example, the first device may measure the third device and the fourth device in the measurement interval. For example, the first device may obtain the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device and the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device. For example, based on the fact that the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device is greater than or equal to the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device, the first device may select the third device.

[0408] For example, the first device may acquire a first measurement data set in a first period associated with the measurement interval. For example, the first device may acquire a second measurement data set that is greater than or equal to a threshold value among the first measurement data set. For example, the first device may acquire a representative value for the second measurement data set. For example, the first device may perform the measurement based on the representative value for the second measurement data set.

[0409] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may obtain a reference point (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) to obtain a reference point). For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may obtain a time offset (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) to obtain a time offset). For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for measurement based on the reference point and the time offset (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for measurement based on the reference point and the time offset).

[0410] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0411] For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference time point. For example, the measurement may be a measurement of the third device.

[0412] For example, the first device may be a terminal (user equipment, UE). For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0413] For example, the above time offset may include a function of time.

[0414] For example, the time offset may include a time offset for communication and a time offset for measurement. For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference point and the time offset for communication. For example, the measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference point and the time offset for measurement included in the time offset. For example, the measurement may be a measurement for a third device.

[0415] The first device may be a terminal (UE). The second device may be a serving network node. The third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0416] For example, the first device may acquire a reference point. For example, the first device may determine the validity of the measurement interval based on the reference point for the measurement based on at least one of the distance between the reference point and the first device, the sensitivity of a resource associated with the reference point, or the signal strength of the resource associated with the reference point.

[0417] For example, the first device may acquire a measurement resource. For example, the first device may perform a procedure to update the measurement resource based on the reference point for the measurement based on the reference point and the time offset. For example, the procedure to update the measurement resource may be performed based on at least one of the first device autonomously performing the update or the first device reporting information related to the update to the second device.

[0418] For example, the first device may acquire a measurement resource based on the position between the second device and the third device. For example, the first device may determine that the measurement interval is invalid based on the fact that the degree of overlap between the measurement interval and the measurement resource is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0419] For example, the above measurement interval may include multiple measurement intervals.

[0420] For example, the first device may acquire position information related to a beam or spatial filter associated with the third device. For example, a measurement of the beam or spatial filter associated with the third device in the measurement interval may be based on the position of the beam or spatial filter associated with the third device.

[0421] For example, the first device may measure the third device and the fourth device in the measurement interval. For example, the first device may obtain the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device and the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device. For example, based on the fact that the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device is greater than or equal to the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device, the first device may select the third device.

[0422] For example, the first device may acquire a first measurement data set in a first period associated with the measurement interval. For example, the first device may acquire a second measurement data set that is greater than or equal to a threshold value among the first measurement data set. For example, the first device may acquire a representative value for the second measurement data set. For example, the first device may perform the measurement based on the representative value for the second measurement data set.

[0423] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a first device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor, to: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0424] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire a reference point; acquire a time offset; and perform a measurement in a measurement interval based on the reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

[0425] FIG. 25 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0426] Referring to FIG. 25, in step S2510, the second device may transmit a reference time to the first device. In step S2520, the second device may transmit a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0427] For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference time point. For example, the measurement may be a measurement of the third device.

[0428] For example, the first device may be a terminal (user equipment, UE). For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0429] For example, the above time offset may include a function of time.

[0430] For example, the time offset may include a time offset for communication and a time offset for measurement. For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference point and the time offset for communication. For example, the measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference point and the time offset for measurement included in the time offset. For example, the measurement may be a measurement for a third device.

[0431] The first device may be a terminal (UE). The second device may be a serving network node. The third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0432] For example, the second device may transmit a reference point to the first device. For example, the validity of the measurement interval based on the reference point for the measurement may be determined based on at least one of the distance between the reference point and the first device, the sensitivity of a resource associated with the reference point, or the signal strength of the resource associated with the reference point.

[0433] For example, a measurement resource may be acquired. For example, a procedure for updating the measurement resource may be performed based on the reference point for the measurement based on the reference point and the time offset. For example, the procedure for updating the measurement resource may be performed based on at least one of the following: the update being performed autonomously by the first device or the first device reporting information related to the update to the second device.

[0434] For example, a measurement resource can be obtained based on the location between the second device and the third device. For example, the validity of the measurement interval may be determined based on the fact that the degree of overlap between the measurement interval and the measurement resource is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0435] For example, the above measurement interval may include multiple measurement intervals.

[0436] For example, the second device may transmit position information related to a beam or spatial filter related to the third device to the first device. For example, a measurement of the beam or spatial filter related to the third device in the measurement interval may be based on the position of the beam or spatial filter related to the third device.

[0437] For example, the third device and the fourth device may be measured in the above measurement interval. For example, the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device and the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device may be obtained. For example, the third device may be selected based on the fact that the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device is greater than or equal to the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device.

[0438] For example, a first measurement data set may be obtained in a first period associated with the above measurement interval. For example, a second measurement data set that is greater than or equal to a threshold value among the first measurement data set may be obtained. For example, a representative value for the second measurement data set may be obtained. For example, the measurement may be performed based on the representative value for the second measurement data set.

[0439] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit a reference time to the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit the reference time to the first device). For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may transmit a time offset to the first device (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to transmit the time offset to the first device). For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0440] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0441] For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference time point. For example, the measurement may be a measurement of the third device.

[0442] For example, the first device may be a terminal (user equipment, UE). For example, the second device may be a serving network node. For example, the third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0443] For example, the above time offset may include a function of time.

[0444] For example, the time offset may include a time offset for communication and a time offset for measurement. For example, communication between the first device and the second device may be performed in a data reception interval based on the reference point and the time offset for communication. For example, the measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference point and the time offset for measurement included in the time offset. For example, the measurement may be a measurement for a third device.

[0445] The first device may be a terminal (UE). The second device may be a serving network node. The third device may be a neighbor network node.

[0446] For example, the second device may transmit a reference point to the first device. For example, the validity of the measurement interval based on the reference point for the measurement may be determined based on at least one of the distance between the reference point and the first device, the sensitivity of a resource associated with the reference point, or the signal strength of the resource associated with the reference point.

[0447] For example, a measurement resource may be acquired. For example, a procedure for updating the measurement resource may be performed based on the reference point for the measurement based on the reference point and the time offset. For example, the procedure for updating the measurement resource may be performed based on at least one of the following: the update being performed autonomously by the first device or the first device reporting information related to the update to the second device.

[0448] For example, a measurement resource can be obtained based on the location between the second device and the third device. For example, the validity of the measurement interval may be determined based on the fact that the degree of overlap between the measurement interval and the measurement resource is less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0449] For example, the above measurement interval may include multiple measurement intervals.

[0450] For example, the second device may transmit position information related to a beam or spatial filter related to the third device to the first device. For example, a measurement of the beam or spatial filter related to the third device in the measurement interval may be based on the position of the beam or spatial filter related to the third device.

[0451] For example, the third device and the fourth device may be measured in the above measurement interval. For example, the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device and the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device may be obtained. For example, the third device may be selected based on the fact that the time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device is greater than or equal to the time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device.

[0452] For example, a first measurement data set may be obtained in a first period associated with the above measurement interval. For example, a second measurement data set that is greater than or equal to a threshold value among the first measurement data set may be obtained. For example, a representative value for the second measurement data set may be obtained. For example, the measurement may be performed based on the representative value for the second measurement data set.

[0453] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device (configured to control a second device) may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on the reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0454] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: transmit a reference time to the first device; and transmit a time offset to the first device. For example, a measurement may be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference time for a measurement based on the reference time and the time offset.

[0455] According to the present disclosure, the following effects can be obtained.

[0456] According to the present disclosure, the problem of the burden of resetting measurement intervals occurring in non-terrestrial network (NTN) environments, particularly low earth orbit (LEO)-based NTN environments, can be effectively resolved.

[0457] Specifically, in the present disclosure, by performing measurements using a reference time and a time offset, the limitations of existing methods in which a network node must frequently reset the measurement interval according to changes in the relative position of a terminal can be overcome. For example, since the terminal can independently determine the measurement interval linked to the reference time for measurement based on a reference time and a time offset provided by the network or acquired internally, stable measurement can be performed even if there are changes in relative distance due to the movement of the satellite.

[0458] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, a data reception period for communication and a measurement period for measurement can be temporally separated or set independently. For example, communication with a serving network node can be performed in the data reception period based on a reference point and a time offset for communication, while simultaneously performing measurements on neighboring network nodes based on a reference point and a time offset for measurement. Accordingly, both communication performance and measurement performance can be reliably secured even in an NTN environment.

[0459] In particular, by configuring the time offset to be a function of time, changes in relative distance, Doppler shift, and propagation delay due to satellite movement can be precisely reflected over time. Accordingly, measurement intervals can be predicted and corrected more accurately even in LEO satellite environments characterized by high-speed movement, thereby reducing the probability of measurement failure and improving measurement accuracy.

[0460] Furthermore, by managing time offsets for communication and measurement separately, it is possible to optimize time resource utilization for each purpose, even when communication and measurement requirements differ. This enables more efficient utilization of limited wireless resources in an NTN environment and can improve the overall operational efficiency of the network.

[0461] Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, since user equipment (UE) can flexibly perform measurements on neighboring network nodes while maintaining communication with a serving network node, the reliability of mobility management procedures such as handover, cell reselection, or network discovery can be improved. This can contribute to ensuring service continuity, particularly in LEO-based NTN environments where satellite coverage changes rapidly.

[0462] Overall, the present disclosure can provide the effect of simultaneously improving the flexibility of measurement interval setting, measurement accuracy, communication stability, and network operation efficiency in an LEO-based NTN environment, and can have the technical advantage of reducing the control burden on network nodes while enabling terminal-centric autonomous measurement performance.

[0463] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another. For example, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0464] The present disclosure describes a 5G wireless communication system as an example. This can be similarly applied and used in 6G wireless communication systems, etc.

[0465] The proposed method above may be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal may control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0466] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0467] Although not limited to, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0468] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0469] FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0470] Referring to FIG. 26, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0471] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0472] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0473] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR, 6G, etc.), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0474] FIG. 27 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0475] Referring to FIG. 27, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 26.

[0476] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0477] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0478] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0479] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0480] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0481] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0482] FIG. 28 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0483] Referring to FIG. 28, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 28 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 27. The hardware elements of FIG. 28 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 27. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 27. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 27, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 27.

[0484] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 28. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0485] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0486] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0487] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 28. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 27) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0488] FIG. 29 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 26). The embodiment of FIG. 29 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0489] Referring to FIG. 29, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 27 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 27. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 27. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0490] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 26, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 26, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 26, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 26, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 26, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 26, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 26, 400), a base station (Fig. 26, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0491] In FIG. 29, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0492] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 29 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0493] FIG. 30 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 30 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0494] Referring to FIG. 30, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 29.

[0495] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0496] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0497] The claims described in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method. Additionally, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device acquires a reference point; The first device comprises the step of acquiring a time offset; A method comprising the step of the first device performing a measurement in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the reference point and the time offset.

2. In Paragraph 1, Communication between the first device and the second device is performed in a data reception section based on the above reference time, and The above measurement is a method, which is a measurement of a third device.

3. In Paragraph 2, The above-mentioned first device is a terminal (user equipment, UE), and The above second device is a serving network node, and The above third device is a neighboring network node, method.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above time offset is a method that includes a function of time.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above time offset includes a time offset for communication and a time offset for measurement, and Communication between the first device and the second device is performed in a data reception interval based on the reference point and the time offset for the communication, and The above measurement is performed in a measurement interval based on the reference point and the time offset for the measurement included in the time offset, and The above measurement is a method, which is a measurement of a third device.

6. In Paragraph 5, The above first device is a terminal (UE), and The above second device is a serving network node, and The above third device is a neighboring network node, method.

7. In Paragraph 1, The first device above comprises the step of acquiring a reference point; and A method further comprising the step of determining the validity of the measurement interval based on the reference point for the measurement, based on at least one of the distance between the reference point and the first device, the sensitivity of the resource associated with the reference point, or the signal strength of the resource associated with the reference point.

8. In Paragraph 1, The first device described above comprises the step of acquiring a measurement resource; and The first device further comprises the step of performing a procedure to update the measurement resource based on the reference point for the measurement based on the reference point and the time offset; A method for updating the above measurement resources, wherein the update is performed autonomously by the first device or the first device reports information related to the update to the second device.

9. In Paragraph 1, The first device acquires a measurement resource based on the location between the second device and the third device; and A method further comprising the step of determining that the measurement interval is invalid based on the fact that the degree of overlap between the measurement interval and the measurement resource is less than or equal to a threshold value.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above measurement interval includes a plurality of measurement intervals.

11. In Paragraph 1, The above-mentioned first device further includes the step of acquiring position information related to a beam or spatial filter related to a third device; wherein A method in which the measurement of the beam or the spatial filter associated with the third device in the above measurement interval is based on the position of the beam or the spatial filter associated with the third device.

12. In Paragraph 1, The first device measures the third device and the fourth device in the measurement section; The first device acquires a time during which the first device can be serviced by the third device and a time during which the first device can be serviced by the fourth device; and A method further comprising the step of the first device selecting the third device based on the fact that the time the first device can be serviced by the third device is greater than or equal to the time the first device can be serviced by the fourth device.

13. In Paragraph 1, The step of performing the measurement in the above measurement interval is, The first device acquires a first measurement data set in a first period associated with the measurement interval; The first device acquires a second measurement data set that is greater than or equal to a threshold value among the first measurement data set; The first device comprises the step of obtaining a representative value for the second measurement data set; and A method comprising the step of the first device performing the measurement based on the representative value for the second measurement data set.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain a reference point; Acquire the time offset; A first device that enables a measurement to be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To obtain a reference point; Acquire the time offset; A processing device that enables a measurement to be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: To obtain a reference point; Acquire the time offset; A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that enables a measurement to be performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

17. Regarding the method, The step of the second device transmitting a reference time to the first device; and The method includes the step of the second device transmitting a time offset to the first device; wherein A method in which a measurement is performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the first device transmit a reference time; and The first device is to transmit a time offset, A second device in which a measurement is performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and A second device comprising at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the first device transmit a reference time; and The first device is to transmit a time offset, A processing device in which a measurement is performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: To have the first device transmit a reference time; and The first device is to transmit a time offset, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which a measurement is performed in a measurement interval based on a reference point for a measurement based on the above reference point and the above time offset.

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