Method and apparatus for signal transmission

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The present disclosure relates to method and apparatus for signal transmission. The method performed by a second node in a communication system comprises: performing resource mapping based on a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer; generating a baseband signal based on a mapping result, and transmit the first signal to the first node based on the baseband signal; wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for downlink signal transmission in a wireless communication network.

[0002] Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5G (5th-generation) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6G (6th-generation) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.

[0003] 6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bps and a radio latency less than 100μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1 / 10 radio latency thereof.

[0004] In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz band (for example, 95GHz to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

[0005] Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collison avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; an use of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as mobile edge computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mecahnisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

[0006] It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

[0007] The main object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for efficiently transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method performed by a second node in a communication system, comprising: performing resource mapping based on a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer; generating a baseband signal based on a mapping result, and transmit a first signal to a first node based on the baseband signal; wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

[0009] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein performing resource mapping based on the first sequence comprises: performing resource mapping based on the first sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, and wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to one first subcarrier of the first frequency resource and one second subcarrier of the second frequency resource, and wherein a distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is the same as a distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

[0010] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein performing resource mapping based on the first sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises: performing resource mapping based on a second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers; wherein the second sequence comprises a third sequence and a fourth sequence concatenated with each other, and wherein the third sequence and the fourth sequence are based on the first sequence and have a same length as the first sequence; and wherein, for each element in the third sequence, the element is mapped to the one first subcarrier, and for each element in the fourth sequence, the element is mapped to the one second subcarrier.

[0011] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises: mapping an i-th element of the third sequence and an i-th element of the fourth sequence to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, where i is an integer from 1 to N; wherein the first to Nth elements of the third sequence and the first to Nth elements of the fourth sequence are respectively the same as one of the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1.

[0012] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises: mapping an i-th element of the third sequence and an N-i+l-th element of the fourth sequence to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, i being an integer from 1 to N; wherein the first to Nth elements of the third sequence are the same as the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1, and the first to Nth elements of the fourth sequence are the same as the reversed order of the first sequence or the reversed order of the first sequence multiplied by -1.

[0013] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein: indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to a center frequency of a band-pass filter of the first node; and / or the indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to an index of a reference subcarrier; wherein the reference subcarrier includes at least one of: a subcarrier with a smallest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier; a subcarrier with a largest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier; or a subcarrier at a specific position.

[0014] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further comprising: determining the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node based on first information from the first node, wherein the first information indicates frequency information of band-pass filters of the first node; or determining the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node based on identity identification information of the first node, at least one bit in the identity identification information indicating a center frequency of at least one band-pass filter of the first node.

[0015] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein: the reference subcarrier is predefined; or the reference subcarrier is determined by first configuration information from a third node.

[0016] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further comprising: transmitting a second information, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: first indication information to indicate whether to transmit the first signal based on the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, second indication information to indicate index information of the 2N subcarriers, and third indication information to indicate the first node to transmit first information, wherein the first information indicates at least one of: whether the first node has band-pass filters; information on a number of the band-pass filters of the first node; and frequency information of the band-pass filters of the first node.

[0017] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein the first node is allocated N subcarriers in the case that a first condition is met, where N is a length of the first sequence of the first signal, and in the case that the first condition is not met, the first node is allocated 2N subcarriers, wherein the first condition is one of the following conditions: an interference signal strength measured by the second node is less than or equal to a first threshold; first configuration information from a third node, the first configuration information indicating mapping the first signal to N subcarriers; and third information from the first node, the third information relating to a second signal, wherein the second signal is a signal mapped to N subcarriers received by the first node before the first signal.

[0018] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein the second signal comprises at least one of: a reader-to-device channel (PRDCH), a paging message, an inventory command, and message 1 or message 3 for access of the first node.

[0019] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further comprising, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to a third frequency resource, wherein a distance between the third frequency resource and the upper frequency boundary is equal to a distance between the third frequency resource and the lower frequency boundary.

[0020] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein the first node is associated with one frequency domain resource pair comprising a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, and the frequency resource pair being one of K non-overlapping frequency resource pairs, wherein K is a positive integer, wherein each of the K frequency resource pairs comprises one first frequency resource from a first frequency resource set and one second frequency resource from a second frequency resource set, a distance between a first frequency resource of each frequency resource pair and the upper frequency boundary being equal to a distance between a second frequency resource of the frequency resource pair and the lower frequency boundary.

[0021] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further comprising: performing a second resource mapping based on a fifth sequence; and generating a second baseband signal based on a result of the second resource mapping; transmitting a third signal associated with the second baseband signal to another first node while transmitting the first signal, wherein for each element in the fifth sequence, the element is mapped to a first frequency resource for the another first node, a second frequency resource for the another first node, and a third frequency resource, wherein the first frequency resource for the first node is different from the first frequency resource for the another first node and the second frequency resource for the first node is different from the second frequency resource for the another first node.

[0022] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein the first node is associated with one frequency domain resource pair comprising a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein the another first node is associated with one frequency domain resource pair comprising a first frequency resource for the another first node and a second frequency resource for the another first node, the frequency resource pair associated with the first node and the frequency resource pair associated with the another first node belonging to K frequency resource pairs that are non-overlapping and different from each other, wherein each of the K frequency resource pairs comprises one first frequency resource from a first frequency resource set and one second frequency resource from a second frequency resource set, a distance between a first frequency resource of each frequency resource pair and the upper frequency boundary being equal to a distance between a second frequency resource of the frequency resource pair and the lower frequency boundary.

[0023] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein a bandwidth of a first frequency resource of each frequency resource pair is the same as a bandwidth of a second frequency resource of the frequency resource pair.

[0024] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein: different frequency resource pairs of the K frequency resource pairs are respectively allocated to different first nodes; each of the K frequency resource pairs is allocated to one first node; and / or the third frequency resource is common to all first nodes.

[0025] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein: at least one of a bandwidth or a center frequency of each first frequency resource of the first frequency resource set is a predefined value or related to parameters of a band-pass filter supported by the first node; and / or at least one of a bandwidth or a center frequency of each second frequency resource of the second frequency resource set is a predefined value or is related to parameters of a band-pass filter supported by the first node.

[0026] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to one first resource element of the first frequency resource, one second resource element of the second frequency resource, and one third resource element of the third frequency resource, to obtain a mapping result corresponding to 3N resource elements, wherein a distance between the frequency position of the one first resource element and the upper frequency boundary is equal to a distance between the frequency position of the one second resource element and the lower frequency boundary.

[0027] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein whether the first signal is transmitted by frequency division multiplexing is determined based on at least one of: fourth indication information indicating whether the first signal is transmitted by frequency division multiplexing; whether there are multiple first nodes performing random access with the second node.

[0028] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further includes: transmitting the fourth indication information to the first node through a first message, wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: a paging message, an acknowledgment ACK message related to random access transmitted from the second node to the first node.

[0029] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein whether there are multiple first nodes performing random access with the second node is determined based on the following: whether there are multiple first nodes associated with the ACK message.

[0030] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein when the first signal is transmitted by frequency division multiplexing, the frequency resources of the first node are determined based on at least one of: fifth indication information indicating the frequency resources of the first node when the first signal is transmitted by frequency division multiplexing; an association between a group of the first node and the frequency resources of the first node; an association between frequency resources used for transmission of messages related to random access from the first node to the second node and the frequency resources of the first node; an association between a reception time of an ACK message related to random access received by the first node from the second node and the frequency resources of the first node.

[0031] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, further includes: transmitting the fifth indication information to the first node through a first message, wherein the first message includes at least one of the following: a paging message, an ACK message related to random access transmitted from the second node to the first node.

[0032] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above, wherein the paging message includes sixth indication information, the sixth indication information indicates that the fourth indication information is determined by at least one bit in the identification information of the first node.

[0033] According to some aspects of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first node in a communication system, the method comprising: determining frequency resources for a first communication from a second node to the first node, wherein the frequency resources for the first communication comprise a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth; receiving a first signal based on a mapping result from the second node in the frequency resources used for the first communication, wherein the mapping result is obtained by resource mapping based on a first sequence of the first signal, the first sequence having a length of N, and N being a positive integer, wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

[0034] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein the mapping result is obtained by resource mapping based on the first sequence of the first signal, includes: the mapping result is a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, which is obtained by resource mapping based on the first sequence, and wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to one first subcarrier of the first frequency resource and one second subcarrier of the second frequency resource, and wherein a distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is the same as a distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

[0035] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein the mapping result is a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, which is obtained by resource mapping based on the first sequence, comprises: the mapping result is obtained by resource mapping based on the second sequence, wherein the second sequence includes a third sequence and a fourth sequence concatenated with each other, and wherein the third sequence and the fourth sequence are based on the first sequence and have the same length as the first sequence; and wherein, for each element in the third sequence, the element is mapped to the one first subcarrier and, for each element in the fourth sequence, the element is mapped to the one second subcarrier.

[0036] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein an i-th element of the third sequence and an i-th element of the fourth sequence are mapped to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, wherein i is an integer from 1 to N; wherein the first through Nth elements of the third sequence and the first through Nth elements of the fourth sequence are the same as one of the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1, respectively.

[0037] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein an ith element of the third sequence and an N-i+l-th element of the fourth sequence are mapped to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, i is an integer from 1 to N; wherein the first through Nth elements in the third sequence are the same as the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1, and the first through Nth elements in the fourth sequence are the same as the reversed order of the first sequence or the reversed order of the first sequence multiplied by -1.

[0038] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to a center frequency of a band-pass filter of the first node; and / or the indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to an index of a reference subcarrier; wherein the reference subcarrier includes at least one of: a subcarrier with a smallest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier; a subcarrier with a largest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier; or a subcarrier at a specific location.

[0039] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node is determined based on first information from the first node, wherein the first information indicates frequency information of band-pass filters of the first node; or the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node is determined based on identity identification information of the first node, at least one bit in the identity identification information indicating a center frequency of at least one band-pass filter of the first node.

[0040] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, receiving second information from the second node, wherein the second information includes at least one of: first indication information to whether to transmit the first signal based on the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, second indication information to indicate index information of the 2N subcarriers, and third indication information to indicate the first node to transmit first information, wherein the first information indicates at least one of: whether the first node has band-pass filters; information on the number of band-pass filters of the first node; and frequency information of band-pass filters of the first node.

[0041] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, further comprising: receiving fourth indication information from the second node, the fourth indication information indicating at least one of: the first communication is frequency division multiplexed with a second communication from the second node to one or more other first nodes; or frequency resources for a first communication when the first communication is frequency division multiplexed with the second communication from the second node to the one or more other first nodes.

[0042] In conjunction with one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above, wherein the first node is associated with one frequency domain resource pair comprising a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, and the frequency resource pair is one of K non-overlapping frequency resource pairs, wherein each of the K frequency resource pairs comprises one first frequency resource from a first frequency resource set and one second frequency resource from a second frequency resource set, a distance between a first frequency resource of each frequency resource pair and the upper frequency boundary being equal to a distance between a second frequency resource of the frequency resource pair and the lower frequency boundary.

[0043] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a second node in a communication system, comprising: a transceiver configured to transmit and / or receive signals; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to perform one or more aspects of the method performed by the second node described above.

[0044] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a first node in a communication system, comprising: a transceiver configured to transmit and / or receive signals; a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to perform one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node described above.

[0045] One or more aspects of the first node described above, wherein the transceiver includes a receiver, the receiver including: an antenna; a first envelope detector connected to the antenna; a band-pass filter bank of Q band-pass filters, where Q is an integer not less than 1; a switch connected between the first envelope detector and the band-pass filter bank, and wherein the switch is controlled by the controller to connect an output of the first envelope detector to either an input of one of the Q band-pass filters or an output of a second envelope detector; the second envelope detector, wherein an input of the second envelope detector is connected to an output of the band-pass filter bank.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, signals can be efficiently transmitted and received in a wireless communication system, thereby improving overall system throughput.

[0047] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts:

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates an example base station according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates an example user equipment according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 4 illustrates an example Internet of Things (IoT) system, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure;

[0052] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a signal and an envelope of the signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a resource allocation scheme according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 7 illustrates a method for a second node to generate a baseband signal according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating resource mapping according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating another resource mapping according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a resource allocation scheme according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method for frequency division multiplexing of IoT downlink transmission performed by a second node according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a resource mapping method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG. 13 illustrates the hardware structure of the reception link of the first node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating the center frequency and passband bandwidth of a band-pass filter bank and a low-pass filter according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method for reporting of tags according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method for measurement of a tag according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart for determining resource allocation by a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart for determining resource allocation by a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart for determining resource allocation by a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart for determining resource allocation by a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIG. 21 illustrates a method performed by a second node in a communication system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] FIG. 22 illustrates a method performed by a first node in a communication system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of the structure of a first node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of the structure of a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIG. 25 illustrates a signaling / data interaction diagram for communication between a reader and one tag according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIG. 26 illustrates a signaling / data interaction diagram for communication between a reader and two tags according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0074] Hereinafter, embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0075] In describing the embodiments, descriptions related to technical contents well-known in the art and not associated directly with the disclosure will be omitted. Such an omission of unnecessary descriptions is intended to prevent obscuring of the main idea of the disclosure and more clearly transfer the main idea.

[0076] For the same reason, in the accompanying drawings, some elements may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated. Further, the size of each element does not completely reflect the actual size. In the drawings, identical or corresponding elements are provided with identical reference numerals or different reference numerals.

[0077] The advantages and features of the disclosure and ways to achieve them will be apparent by making reference to embodiments as described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth below, but may be implemented in various different forms. The following embodiments are provided only to completely disclose the disclosure and inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the disclosure is defined only by the scope of the appended claims. Throughout the specification, the same or like reference numerals designate the same or like elements. Furthermore, in describing the disclosure, a detailed description of known functions or constitution incorporated herein will be omitted in the case that it is determined that the description may make the subject matter of the disclosure unnecessarily unclear. The terms which will be described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions in the disclosure, and may be different according to users, intentions of the operators, or customs. Therefore, the definitions of the terms should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0078] Herein, it will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, may be performed based on computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded collectively onto at least one processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which perform through any one of, or in any combination of, the at least one processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for performing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions may also be stored in a non-transitory computer usable or computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that perform the function specified in the flowchart block(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer executed process such that the instructions that perform on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus provide steps for executing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).

[0079] Further, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for executing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order. For example, two blocks(or functions) shown in succession may in fact be performed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0080] As used in embodiments of the disclosure, a "~unit" may refer to a software element or a hardware element, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which performs a predetermined function. However, the term including the word "~unit" does not always have a meaning limited to software or hardware. The "~unit" may be constructed either to be stored in an addressable storage medium or to execute one or more processors. Therefore, the "~unit" includes, for example, software elements, object-oriented software elements, components such as class elements and task elements, processes, functions, properties, procedures, sub-routines, segments of a program code, drivers, firmware, micro-codes, circuits, data, database, data structures, tables, arrays, and parameters. The components and functions provided by the "~unit" may be either combined into a smaller number of components and a "~unit," or divided into additional components and a "~unit." Moreover, the components and "~units" may be implemented to reproduce one or more central processing units (CPUs) within a device or a security multimedia card. Further, in the embodiments, the "~unit" may include one or more processors.

[0081] It should be appreciated that the blocks in each flowchart and combinations of the flowcharts may be performed by one or more computer programs which include instructions. The entirety of the one or more computer programs may be stored in a single memory device or the one or more computer programs may be divided with different portions stored in different multiple memory devices.

[0082] Any of the functions or operations described herein can be processed by one processor or a combination of processors. The one processor or the combination of processors is circuitry performing processing and includes circuitry like an application processor (AP, e.g. a CPU), a communication processor (CP, e.g., a modem), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) chip), a Wi-Fi chip, a Bluetooth® chip, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a near field communication (NFC) chip, connectivity chips, a sensor controller, a touch controller, a finger-print sensor controller, a display driver integrated circuit (IC), an audio CODEC chip, a universal serial bus (USB) controller, a camera controller, an image processing IC, a microprocessor unit (MPU), a system on chip (SoC), an IC, or the like.

[0083] It will be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosure according to the claims and description in the specification can be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software.

[0084] Any such software may be stored in non-transitory computer readable storage media. The non-transitory computer readable storage media store one or more computer programs (software modules), the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform a method of the disclosure.

[0085] Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile or non-volatile storage such as, for example, a storage device like read only memory (ROM), whether erasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically or magnetically readable medium such as, for example, a compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), magnetic disk or magnetic tape or the like. It will be appreciated that the storage devices and storage media are various embodiments of non-transitory machine-readable storage that are suitable for storing a computer program or computer programs comprising instructions that, when executed, implement various embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a program comprising code for implementing apparatus or a method as claimed in any one of the claims of this specification and a non-transitory machine-readable storage storing such a program.

[0086] Hereinafter, the determination of priority between A and B in the present disclosure may refer to various actions such as selecting the one having a higher priority based on a predefined priority rule and performing an operation corresponding thereto, or omitting or dropping an operation corresponding to the one having a lower priority.

[0087] Hereinafter, "A or B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0088] In addition, "at least one of A, B, and C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0089] In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0090] Furthermore, "A / B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0091] Furthermore, "A, B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0092] Furthermore, "A and B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0093] Furthermore, "if condition A and condition B are satisfied," as described in the present disclosure, may not be limited to a case where both condition A and condition B are satisfied, but may be understood to include a case where either condition A or condition B is individually satisfied, both condition A and condition B are satisfied, or one or more additional conditions are satisfied in combination.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "first ~", "second ~", etc., as described in the present disclosure with respect to various elements (e.g., information, objects, operation, sequences, or the like), should not limit those elements. These terms may only be intended to distinguish one element from another, and may not be intended to indicate a specific order. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element.

[0095] Furthermore, even if "first ~" and "second ~" are described in the present disclosure, it may be understood that element(s) referred to by "first ~" and "second ~" may be the same or different. For example, in case of element(s) being information, first information and second information may both be information and, in some cases, are separate and different information.

[0096] In addition, the terms "if ~" and "in case that ~" as used in the disclosure or claims may be interpreted to include the meanings of "when (or upon) ~," "in response to ~," "based on ~," or "according to ~," and may be used interchangeably with these expressions. In addition, expressions other than those exemplified herein may also be used, as long as they have substantially the same meaning and do not impair the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0097] For example, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) signaling and may include downlink control information (DCI). In addition, the higher layer signaling may include a medium access control (MAC) control message, a radio resource control (RRC) signaling message, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling. It should be noted, however, that the higher layer signaling is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

[0098] In addition, the term "not perform" as used in the present disclosure or claims may, in context, be understood to mean that the corresponding step is omitted or skipped. Such a term may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0099] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and B" as described in the present disclosure, may be understood as encompassing both (i) transmitting A and B in a single message, and (ii) transmitting A and B separately via multiple messages (e.g., transmitting a first message including A and a second message including B). This interpretation may also apply to messages that include two or more items (e.g., A, B, C), transmitted either together or separately.

[0100] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and transmitting a message including B" may also be interpreted as transmitting a message including A and B in a single message.

[0101] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms or components included in the disclosure may be expressed in singular or plural form depending on the specific embodiments presented. However, such singular or plural expressions are selected appropriately for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not limited to a singular or plural number of components. A component expressed in the plural form may be implemented as a single component, and a component expressed in the singular form may be implemented as multiple components.

[0102] The drawings or flowcharts described below illustrate exemplary methods that may be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various modifications may be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts of the present disclosure. For example, although illustrated as a series of steps, various steps in each drawing or flowchart may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or be repeated. In other examples, any step may be omitted or replaced with another step.

[0103] The methods and apparatuses proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to each embodiment individually, but may also be applied in combination of all or some of the embodiments proposed in the disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be modified and applied without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0104] In this case, even if certain wordings are described differently across embodiments, they may be used interchangeably or in substitution or in combination if their underlying concepts are equivalent. For example, for the same or equivalent concept, even if one embodiment uses the expression "A" and another embodiment uses the expression "B", such expressions may be understood interchangeably, in substitution, or in combination.

[0105] The terms used in the following description to refer to access nodes, network entities, messages, interfaces between network entities, various types of identification information, and the like, are provided merely for the convenience of explanation by way of example. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may also be used. Such terms may also be interchangeable with terms defined in any 3rd generation partnership project　(3GPP) technical specifications (TS) where appropriate.

[0106] Hereinafter, a base station is an entity that allocates resources to terminals, and may be at least one of a gNode B, an eNode B, a Node B, a base station (BS), a wireless access unit, a BS controller, or a node on a network.

[0107] Furthermore, the base station of the present disclosure may include a split architecture comprising a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). In this structure, the CU is configured to process the higher layers of the control and user planes, while the DU is configured to process lower-layer radio resource functions. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to 5G base station architectures in which such CU and DU functional splits are implemented.

[0108] A terminal may include a UE, a mobile station (MS), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing communication functions.

[0109] In the disclosure, a downlink (DL) refers to a radio link through which a BS transmits a signal to a UE, and an uplink (UL) refers to a radio link through which a UE transmits a signal to a BS.

[0110] Furthermore, hereinafter, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technologies (e.g., 5G new radio (NR)), 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technologies may be described by way of example, but the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, newly evolved mobile communication systems developed after 5G and 6G may be included. Furthermore, based on determinations by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems) through some modifications without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure

[0111] In the following description, the terms physical channel and signal may be used interchangeably with data or control signal. For example, the term physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) refers to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, but the term PDSCH may also be used to refer to the data itself. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression "transmit a physical channel" may be interpreted as being equivalent to the expression "transmit data or a signal via a physical channel."

[0112] Hereinafter, in the context of the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of the following: master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB) or SIB X (X = 1, 2, ...), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling.

[0113] In addition, L1 signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of signaling techniques using the at least one or any combination of the following physical layer channels or signaling: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), downlink control information (DCI), user equipment (UE)-specific DCI, group-common DCI, common DCI, scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI used for scheduling downlink or uplink data), non-scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI not used for scheduling downlink or uplink data) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or uplink control information (UCI). The L1 signaling message may be referred to as a physical layer signaling.

[0114] Hereinafter, the expression that information is configured by the BS, as used in the present disclosure or claims, may, in context, be understood to mean that the terminal receives the corresponding information from the BS via a physical layer signaling or a higher layer signaling. Such an expression may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0115] Hereinafter, the operational principle of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0116] Before undertaking the detailed description below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term "couple" and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms "transmit," "receive," and "communicate," as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms "include" and "comprise," as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term "or" is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase "associated with," as well as derivatives thereof, means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The term "controller" means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase "at least one of," when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, "at least one of: A, B, and C" includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C. Likewise, the term "set" means one or more. Accordingly, a set of items can be a single item or a collection of two or more items.

[0117] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase "computer readable program code" includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase "computer readable medium" includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A "non-transitory" computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computer readable medium includes medium where data can be permanently stored and medium where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0118] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0119] The figures included herein, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present disclosure are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Further, those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

[0120] FIGS. 1-3 below describe various embodiments of the present disclosure implemented in wireless communications systems. The descriptions of FIGS. 1-3 are not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. Different embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably-arranged communications system.

[0121] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 could be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0122] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless network includes a base station (next generation nodeB, gNB or gNodeB) 101, a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. The gNB 101 communicates with the gNB 102 and the gNB 103. The gNB 101 also communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network.

[0123] The gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of user equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of the gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may be located in a small business; a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise (E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R1); a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence (R2); and a UE 116, which may be a mobile device (M), such as a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), or the like. The gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116, as well as subscriber stations (SS, for example, UEs) 117, 118 and 119. In some embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 may communicate with each other and with the UEs 111-116 using existing wireless communication techniques, and one or more of the UE 111-119 may communicate directly with each other (e.g., UEs 117-119) using other existing or proposed wireless communication techniques.

[0124] Depending on the network type, the term "base station" or "BS" can refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced (or "evolved") base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled devices. Base stations may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., 3GPP 5G New Radio (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced (LTE-A), high speed packet access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc. For the sake of convenience, the various names for a base station-type apparatus and functionality are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on the network type, the term "user equipment" (UE) can refer to any component such as a mobile station (MS), subscriber station (SS), remote terminal, wireless terminal, receive point, or user device. For the sake of convenience, the various names for a user equipment-type device and functionality are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile telephone or smartphone) or is normally considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0125] Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending upon the configuration of the gNBs and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

[0126] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 111-119 include circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, and one or more of the gNBs 101-103 includes circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof.

[0127] Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network, various changes may be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network could include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Also, the gNB 101 could communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to the network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 could communicate directly with the network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to the network 130. Further, the gNBs 101, 102, and / or 103 could provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0128] FIG. 2 illustrates an example base station according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the gNB 102 illustrated in FIG. 2 is for illustration only, and the gNBs 101 and 103 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, gNBs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 2 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular implementation of a gNB.

[0129] As shown in FIG 2, the gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 200a-200n, multiple radio frequency (RF) transceivers 201a-201n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 203, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 204. The gNB 102 also includes a controller / processor 205, a memory 206, and a backhaul or network interface 207.

[0130] The RF transceivers 201a-201n receive, from the antennas 200a-200n, incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs in the network 100. The RF transceivers 201a-201n down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are transmitted to the RX processing circuitry 204, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The RX processing circuitry 204 transmits the processed baseband signals to the controller / processor 205 for further processing.

[0131] The TX processing circuitry 203 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, electronic mail, or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 205. The TX processing circuitry 203 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 201a-201n receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TX processing circuitry 203 and up-converts the baseband or IF signals to RF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 201a-201n.

[0132] The controller / processor 205 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 205 could control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by the RF transceivers 201a-201n, the RX processing circuitry 204, and the TX processing circuitry 203 in accordance with well-known principles. The controller / processor 205 could support additional functions as well, such as more advanced wireless communication functions.

[0133] For instance, the controller / processor 205 could support beam forming or directional routing operations in which outgoing signals from multiple antennas 200a-200n are weighted differently to effectively steer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. Any of a wide variety of other functions could be supported in the gNB 102 by the controller / processor 205.

[0134] The controller / processor 205 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 206, such as an operating system (OS). The controller / processor 205 can move data into or out of the memory 206 as required by an executing process.

[0135] The controller / processor 205 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 207. The backhaul or network interface 207 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connection or over a network. The interface 207 could support communications over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as one supporting 5G, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 207 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs over a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the interface 207 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or over a wired or wireless connection to a larger network (such as the Internet). The interface 207 includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or RF transceiver.

[0136] The memory 206 is coupled to the controller / processor 205. Part of the memory 206 could include a random access memory (RAM), and another part of the memory 206 could include a Flash memory or other read only memory (ROM).

[0137] Although FIG. 2 illustrates one example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 2. For example, the gNB 102 could include any number of each component shown in FIG. 2. As a particular example, an access point could include a number of interfaces 207, and the controller / processor 205 could support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another particular example, while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry 203 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 204, the gNB 102 could include multiple instances of each (such as one per RF transceiver). Also, various components in FIG. 2 could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs.

[0138] FIG. 3 illustrates an example user equipment according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the UE 116 illustrated in FIG. 3 is for illustration only, and the UEs 111-115 and 117-119 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, UEs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular implementation of a UE.

[0139] As shown in FIG. 3, the UE 116 includes an antenna 301, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 302, TX processing circuitry 303, a microphone 304, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 305. The UE 116 also includes a speaker 306, a controller or processor 307, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 308, an input device 309, a touchscreen display 310, and a memory 311. The memory 311 includes an OS 312 and one or more applications 313.

[0140] The RF transceiver 302 receives, from the antenna 301, an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the network 100. The RF transceiver 302 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuitry 305, which generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuitry 305 transmits the processed baseband signal to the speaker 306 (such as for voice data) or to the processor 307 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

[0141] The TX processing circuitry 303 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 304 or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the processor 307. The TX processing circuitry 303 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 302 receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuitry 303 and up-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that is transmitted via the antenna 301.

[0142] The processor 307 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute the OS 312 stored in the memory 311 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor 307 could control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by the RF transceiver 302, the RX processing circuitry 305, and the TX processing circuitry 303 in accordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 307 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0143] The processor 307 is also capable of executing other processes and programs resident in the memory 311, such as processes for channel state information (CSI) reporting on uplink channel. The processor 307 can move data into or out of the memory 311 as required by an executing process. In some embodiments, the processor 307 is configured to execute the applications 313 based on the OS 312 or in response to signals received from gNBs or an operator. The processor 307 is also coupled to the I / O interface 308, which provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices, such as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I / O interface 308 is the communication path between these accessories and the processor 307.

[0144] The processor 307 is also coupled to the touchscreen display 310. The user of the UE 116 can use the touchscreen display 310 to enter data into the UE 116. The touchscreen display 310 may be a liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, or other display capable of rendering text and / or at least limited graphics, such as from web sites.

[0145] The memory 311 is coupled to the processor 307. Part of the memory 311 could include RAM, and another part of the memory 311 could include a Flash memory or other ROM.

[0146] Although FIG. 3 illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes may be made to FIG. 3. For example, various components in FIG. 3 could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs. As a particular example, the processor 307 could be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Also, while FIG. 3 illustrates the UE 116 configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone, UEs could be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0147] It should be noted that multiple methods described in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined in any order. In a combination, a method may be performed one or more times.

[0148] It should be noted that multiple steps in the methods described in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in any order.

[0149] It should be noted that in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, "meeting the predefined conditions and executing the predefined method (or step)" and "not meeting the predefined conditions and not executing the predefined method (or step)" can be used interchangeably. "Meeting the predefined condition, and not executing the predefined method (or step)" and "not meeting the predefined condition, executing the predefined method (or step)" can be used interchangeably.

[0150] In the description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, resources (which may also be called physical resources) may include time domain resources (or time resources) and / or frequency domain resources (or frequency resources).

[0151] In the description of example embodiments of the present disclosure, "time-domain resource" or "time resource" may refer to or be used interchangeably with at least one of symbol (s) (e.g., OFDM symbols), slot (s), sub-slot (s), mini-slot (s), or subframe (s).

[0152] In the description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, "frequency domain resource" or "frequency resource" may refer to or be used interchangeably with at least one of: channel (s), subchannel (s), carrier (s), subcarrier (s), resource block (s) (RB (s)), resource element (s) (RE (s)), physical resource block (s) (PRB (s)), or physical resource block group (s) (RBG (s)).

[0153] FIG. 4 illustrates an example Internet of Things (IoT) system, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

[0154] As shown in FIG. 4, the IoT system may include a first node 410 and a second node 420. The first node may communicate with the second node. The first node is a functional entity capable of harvesting energy (e.g., radio frequency energy or natural ambient energy (e.g., light or vibration)) from the environment and performing communication based on the harvested energy (e.g., implementing backscatter or autonomously generating a signal). For example, the first node may be an entity capable of passive operation. For example, the first node may not need to be configured with a battery or need to replace the battery, so the cost of the first node is lower compared to narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). The second node is a functional entity capable of reading / receiving a signal transmitted by the first node (e.g., a backscatter signal of the first node). Each of the first node 410 and the second node 420 may have communication capabilities, such as the capabilities to wirelessly communicate with a wireless network (e.g., LTE, NR, Wi-Fi, etc.). Those skilled in the art can understand that what is shown in FIG. 4 is only an example, and the system may include other devices, such as UEs (e.g., NR UEs) or base stations (e.g., NR base stations). For example, each or at least one of the first node 410 and the second node 420 is capable of communicating with an NR UE or an NR base station. It can be understood that the system shown in FIG. 4 can be combined with the wireless network shown in FIG. 1.

[0155] For example, the first node may include an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) (A-IoT) device, a passive IoT (P-IoT) device, a tag, a radio frequency tag, an A-IoT tag, a passive IoT / A-IoT enabled terminal / user equipment, and / or the like. Therefore, in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms "first node", "passive IoT device", "A-IoT device", "A-IoT terminal / UE", "A-IoT tag" or "environmental tag" can be used interchangeably. For example, environmental tags can be attached to objects that need to be tracked, identified, or queried.

[0156] The second node may include a reader device, a receiver, a relay node, a tag receiver, a tag receiver node, a passive IoT reader, an A-IoT reader, or a user equipment or network equipment provided with an IoT reader functional entity (e.g., an NR user equipment / NR base station equipment provided with a passive IoT / A-IoT reader functional entity), and / or the like. The second node may comprise any device with wireless communication capability (capable of operating using NR communication standards or other communication standards). The second node may be a 3GPP device or a non-3GPP device. For example, the second node may perform at least one of the following functions: transmitting a signal to the first node, or receiving a signal transmitted by the first node. Further, the second node may also perform the function of transmitting an IoT energizing signal (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) signal) and / or an IoT carrier signal to the first node. Thus, the second node may also be provided with exciter functionality, e.g., transmitting an excitation signal (e.g., an RF signal). For convenience of description, the link through which the second node transmits a signal to the first node may be called a downlink (e.g., A-IoT downlink), and the transmitted signal may be called a downlink signal (e.g., A-IoT downlink signal); A link through which a first node transmits signals to a second node may be referred to as an uplink (e.g., A-IoT uplink), and the transmitted signals may be referred to as uplink signals (e.g., A-IoT uplink signals).

[0157] In some embodiments, the reader function and the exciter function may each be arranged in separate devices. For example, there may also be a third node (not shown) that is an exciter device in the IoT system. The functions of the third node include at least transmitting IoT energizing signals (e.g., RF signals) and / or IoT carrier signals to the first node. For example, the third node may include NR UE / BS, network control node, IoT related signal transmitter, etc. The third node may comprise any device with wireless communication capability (capable of operating using the NR communication standard or other communication standards). In some embodiments, the third node may also have reader functionality. The third node may be a 3GPP device or a non-3GPP device. In some examples, the third node may be a UE (e.g., a NR UE) and the second node may be a network node (e.g., a base station), where the network node receives a signal (e.g., a backscattered signal) from the first node. In some examples, each of the second node and the third node may be a UE (e.g., a NR UE). In some examples, the NR UE (or NR base station) may be equipped with exciter functionality and reader functionality, i.e., operating as second node and third node.

[0158] In some embodiments, the second node transmits a radio frequency (RF) signal, and the first node harvests energy from the RF signal and is activated. Once activated, the first node may modulate the received RF signal (e.g., using information stored in the first node) and reflect the modulated RF signal as a backscattered signal. The second node then receives the backscattered signal (i.e., the modulated RF signal) and demodulates it to extract the information.

[0159] In some embodiments, the third node transmits an RF signal and the first node harvests energy from the RF signal and is activated. Once activated, the first node may modulate the received RF signal (e.g., using information stored in the first node) and reflect the modulated RF signal as a backscattered signal. The second node then receives the backscattered signal (i.e., the modulated RF signal) and demodulates it to extract information from the first node.

[0160] It should be noted that, for convenience of description, some example embodiments of the present disclosure take NR as an example to describe cellular mobile communication technologies / systems distinguished from IoT communication. However, example embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and may be applied to any suitable cellular mobile communication system. Therefore, "NR" in example embodiments of the present disclosure may be replaced with "XG", which may indicate any suitable cellular mobile communication technology / system, such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, 5G / NR, 6G or future wireless communication technology.

[0161] It should be noted that, for convenience of description, a P-IoT / A-IoT device or a P-IoT / A-IoT system will be used as an example below to illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can understand that the embodiments of the present disclosure can also be applied to other similar IoT devices or IoT systems.

[0162] In some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of an electronic tag being the first node and a reader being the second node are described. It can be understood that the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to any suitable first node and second node.

[0163] In Radio Frequency Identification, RFID, systems or IoT (Internet-of-Thing) systems, e.g. A-IoT or P-IoT, a link over which a reader may transmit a signal to an electronic tag, acting similarly to a terminal / UE in a cellular mobile communication system, e.g. NR communication system, may be referred to as a downlink or IoT downlink. Readers, including but not limited to RFID devices, reading devices, scanners, communicators, reader-writers, etc., may function similarly to base stations in cellular communication systems. Electronic tags, including but not limited to RFID tags, P-IoT tags, A-IoT tags, etc., may function similarly to terminals in cellular mobile communication systems (e.g., NR communication systems).

[0164] In the downlink, the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the reader to the electronic tag may include an unmodulated carrier signal (Carrier Wave, CW), a modulated downlink signal, etc. The carrier signal can be used by the first node to modulate data based on the carrier signal and transmit data to the reader or other receiving nodes, and the modulated signal can be used by the reader to transmit control signaling and data to the electronic tag. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the interference problem in the reception of downlink modulated signals.

[0165] The downlink signal that the tag needs to receive is a modulated narrowband signal at radio frequency. For downlink modulated signals that need to transmit data, the electronic tag can use an envelope detector to receive them. Since the cost and power consumption of electronic tags are very low, it is impossible to introduce active components such as mixers, local oscillators, ADCs, etc. and RF filters with very narrow bandwidth (for example, one or a few Resource Block (RB) size) on the receive chain. Therefore, the electronic tag cannot first use a radio frequency filter to filter out the narrowband signal it wants to receive and then perform down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion like conventional communication devices. In order to receive downlink signals, tag can only use envelope detector composed of resistor, capacitor and inductor to convert RF signal to baseband signal. The function of the envelope detector may include acquiring the envelope of the signal. The envelope is a curve that reflects changes in the amplitude of a high frequency signal. When a high frequency signal is amplitude modulated (i.e., amplitude modulated) with a low frequency signal, the low frequency signal becomes the envelope of the high frequency signal. Such a signal is called an amplitude modulated signal. By connecting the peak points of the high-frequency signal over a period of time, its envelope can be obtained. The process of demodulating the low frequency signal from the amplitude modulated signal can be called envelope detection. That is, the high frequency amplitude modulated signal is input to the envelope detector, and its output is a low frequency signal. An example of the signal and the envelope of the signal can be shown in FIG. 5, where the solid line represents the received high-frequency modulated signal, and its envelope information can be obtained through envelope detection, that is, as indicated by the dotted line.

[0166] The receiver structure based on envelope detection will bring interference to the reception of downlink signals of electronic tags. As mentioned above, because it is difficult for electronic tags to realize a narrow-band RF filter in a frequency band of hundreds of MHz at an acceptable cost, the signal entering the envelope detector is actually a broadband signal. The wideband signal includes both narrowband downlink signals on the frequencies that the tag actually needs to receive downlink signals, and interference signals on the frequencies that the tag need not to receive. Therefore, how to reduce the interference suffered by A-IoT downlink signals is an issue that needs to be considered.

[0167] For example, when A-IoT electronic tags operate in the licensed frequency band of 3GPP and adopt In-band (In-band) deployment, at this time, on the same section of system bandwidth, there are downlink signals of A-IoT and signals of cellular communication (e.g., NR) located at different frequencies at the same time. Since the bandwidth occupied by the A-IoT downlink signal is much smaller than the receiving bandwidth of its RF filter, the NR signal will inevitably enter the envelope detector of the A-IoT electronic tag. Because the signals with different frequencies are completely mixed together in the time domain, the envelope detected by envelope detection is a synthesized envelope of the signals at various frequencies. From a frequency domain perspective, envelope detection is a nonlinear operation in mathematics. During the envelope detection process, the signals of various frequency components are mixed, and the signals at each frequency will be transferred to the zero frequency component after the signals at each frequency is self-mixed with their own. The sum frequency and difference frequency components will appear after the signals at each frequency and the signals at other frequencies are self-mixed. Thus, the difference signal between the synthesized envelope and the envelope of the useful signal is a broadband interference.

[0168] In some cases, in order to reduce interference, a low-pass filter can be provided after the envelope detector in the receiving chain of the electronic tag. The low-pass filter can filter out high-frequency components in the synthesized envelope, thereby reducing some interference. The interference signal of the NR signal after passing through the envelope detector exists in the entire frequency band. Therefore, the interference signal near the zero frequency after the envelope detection of the NR signal cannot be filtered out by the low-pass filter after the envelope detector. Therefore, NR signals will still interfere with the reception and decoding of A-IoT downlink signals. Since envelope detection is a nonlinear operation in mathematics, during the envelope detection process, the signals of various frequency components are mixed, and the signals at each frequency will be transferred to the zero frequency component after the signals at each frequency is self-mixed with their own. The sum frequency and difference frequency components will appear after the signals at each frequency and the signals at other frequencies are self-mixed. Therefore, the electronic tags of RFID systems or A-IoT / P-IoT cannot support frequency division multiplexing (FDM) downlink transmission.

[0169] Example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a first node, a second node, a method performed by the first node, and a method performed by the second node in a communication system. Through the technical solutions of example embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the above technical problems can be solved. For example, through the technical solutions of example embodiments of the present disclosure, interference of A-IoT downlink signals can be reduced. For example, by mapping the baseband signal of the downlink signal to two parts of resources that are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system, the A-IoT downlink signal no longer appears at the zero frequency where the interference component is concentrated after envelope detection, but appears at non-zero frequency position, thereby reducing the interference suffered by downlink signals and facilitating downlink data reception. Specifically, by mapping the baseband signal of the A-IoT downlink signal to at least two resources that are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system, the interference suffered by the A-IoT downlink signal can be reduced, thereby enhancing the reception of the A-IoT downlink signal. For another example, example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a frequency division multiplexing downlink transmission method suitable for A-IoT or P-IoT. The method can support downlink transmission of frequency division multiplexing for multiple first nodes (electronic tags), thereby effectively increasing the data transmission rate.

[0170] As used in embodiments of the present disclosure, the term "system bandwidth" may refer to a frequency band having an upper frequency boundary and a lower frequency boundary, and may also be referred to as an "operating bandwidth," "operating frequency band," or "system frequency band." The system bandwidth may be configured with a number. Different numbers may correspond to system bandwidths with different frequency ranges.

[0171] For convenience of explanation, the following description takes the case where passive Internet of Things and communication systems coexist on the same working bandwidth as an example, wherein, for example, NR signals cause interference to A-IoT downlink signals, but it should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0172] In the description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, resources (which may also be called physical resources) may include time domain resources (or time resources) and / or frequency domain resources (or frequency resources).

[0173] In the description of example embodiments of the present disclosure, "time-domain resource" or "time resource" may refer to or be used interchangeably with at least one of symbol (s) (e.g., OFDM symbols), slot (s), sub-slot (s), mini-slot (s), or subframe (s).

[0174] In the description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, "frequency domain resource" or "frequency resource" may refer to or be used interchangeably with at least one of: channel (s), sub-channel (s), carrier (s), subcarrier (s), resource block (s) (RB(s)), resource element (s) / resource element (s) (RE(s)), physical resource block (s) (PRB(s)), or physical resource block group (s) (RBG(s)). According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to solve the interference problem caused by NR signals on A-IoT downlink signals, a downlink information transmission method suitable for passive Internet of Things is proposed. In the proposed downlink information transmission method, the downlink baseband signal of A-IoT is mapped to two parts of resources that are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system. Through the proposed resource mapping method, the A-IoT downlink signal will no longer appear on the zero frequency where the interference component is concentrated, but on the non-zero frequency after envelope detection in the case that the passive Internet of Things and the cellular communication system coexist in the same working bandwidth, thereby reducing the interference suffered by the downlink signal and facilitating downlink data reception.

[0175] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a resource allocation scheme according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0176] As shown in FIG. 6, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency resources allocated to the first node for transmitting downlink signals are located at the edge of the system bandwidth and are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system bandwidth. For example, the frequency resources allocated to the first node for transmitting downlink signals may include A-IoT positive frequency resources (also called A-IoT positive frequency resource set) and A-IoT negative frequency resources (also called A-IoT negative frequency resource set), as shown in FIG. 6. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the A-IoT positive frequency resource may be called a first frequency resource (also called a first frequency resource set), and the A-IoT negative frequency resource may be called a second frequency resource (also called a second frequency resource set), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, alternatively, the A-IoT negative frequency resource may also be called a first frequency resource, and the A-IoT positive frequency resource may be called a second frequency resource. It can be understood that the nomenclature of positive and negative frequency resources is relative to the system bandwidth center frequency and is only an example, and any suitable nomenclature may be adopted. The first frequency resource and the second frequency resource may be respectively located at the edge of the system bandwidth (for example, located at the edge frequency band of the system bandwidth) and are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system bandwidth (in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, they may also be respectively called A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource). The system bandwidth may be a numbered working bandwidth defined by the standard, which refers to a section of frequency band that specifies the upper frequency boundary and the lower frequency boundary. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource is the same, and / or the frequency position of the first frequency resource (e.g., the center frequency of the first frequency resource) and the frequency position of the second frequency resource (e.g., the center frequency of the second frequency resource) are symmetrical about the system bandwidth center frequency. For example, the distance between the frequency position of the first frequency resource and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to the distance between the frequency position of the second frequency resource and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the distance between the frequency position and the frequency boundary of the system bandwidth may refer to, for example, the interval between the frequency position and the frequency boundary, or the offset of the frequency position relative to the frequency boundary, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the frequency position may refer to, for example, a subcarrier index, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, there may be a guard band between A-loT positive frequency resources and communication resources (e.g., NR communication resources). There may be a guard band between A-IoT negative frequency resources and communication resources (e.g., NR communication resources). In other implementations, no guard band may be provided between the A-IoT frequency resource (A-IoT positive frequency resource or A-IoT negative frequency resource) and the communication resource.

[0177] For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the center frequencies of the first frequency resource (A-IoT positive frequency resource) and the second frequency resource (A-IoT negative frequency resource) are respectively and , and the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource have the same bandwidth (such as bandwidth ), and the bandwidth does not exceed the maximum bandwidth of A-IoT resources supported by the system. In the proposed downlink transmission method, the downlink signal appears simultaneously on the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource allocated for the downlink transmission. Specifically, the baseband signal related to the downlink signal is mapped to a first frequency resource and a second frequency resource that are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system.

[0178] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the following beneficial effects can be achieved through the above design. The downlink signal and the NR signal transmitted in the communication resource are located at different positions in the frequency domain after envelope detection by the first node. Wherein, the NR signal is distributed near the zero frequency, and the downlink signal is distributed outside the broadband interference of the NR signal. The first node can obtain the downlink signal using a band-pass filter. This prevents downlink signals from being interfered by NR signals. Preferably, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource allocated to the electronic tag are located at the edge of the receiving bandwidth of the electronic tag. At this time, after one envelope detection at the receiving end, the useful signal containing the downlink baseband signal is located outside the bandwidth of the interference signal. Furthermore, a guard band can be deployed between the A-IoT downlink signal and the NR signal to increase the isolation between the interference signal and the useful signal after envelope detection at the receiving end.

[0179] A method for a second node to generate a baseband signal according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is described below in conjunction with FIG. 7. The second node may generate the baseband signal based on at least one of the following steps. For example, the second node may be a reader device, a receiver, a relay node, a tag receiver, a tag receiver node, a passive IoT reader, an A-IoT reader, or a UE or network device (e.g., NR UE / NR base station) equipped with an IoT reader functional entity, etc. It can be understood that the various steps may be performed in any order, and that some steps may be omitted, or additional steps added. The embodiment of FIG. 7 will be described with an electronic tag as an example of the first node, and it can be understood that the embodiment described in connection with FIG. 7 can be applied to any suitable first node, for example, the first node can also be an A-IoT device, a passive IoT device, a radio frequency tag, a passive IoT / A-IoT enabled terminal / UE, etc.

[0180] FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 for a second node to generate a baseband signal in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure. The second node may generate the baseband signal based on at least one of the following steps.

[0181] As shown in FIG. 7, in step 710, the second node performs waveform coding on the downlink data.

[0182] Example embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the waveform coding scheme. It is assumed that the coding sequence of the downlink signal transmitted to the first node after waveform coding is , , and is the Fourier transform size. Some coding schemes may lead to negative values in the coding sequence. For example, for binary waveform coding, the value range of the coded coding sequence can be {0,1} or {-1,1}, and for ternary waveform coding, the value range of the coded coding sequence can be {-1,0,1} or {0,1,2}. But in any case, the minimum value of the coding sequence can always be changed to 0 by simple operation. For example, if the value range of the coding sequence is {-1,1}, the value range of the coding sequence can be changed to {0,1} by . Therefore, it is directly assumed here that .

[0183] In step 720, the second node performs transform precoding.

[0184] The second node can perform a points fast Fourier transform on the coding sequence to obtain the sequence , .

[0185] Nelements representing low-frequency components can be obtained from the sequence , denoted as whereNrepresents the number of subcarriers corresponding to the bandwidthBof the first frequency resource allocated to the transmission of the downlink signal of the first node.

[0186] Alternatively, for example, when the downlink transmission adopts double sideband modulation, such as DSB-ASK, the numberNof subcarriers corresponding to the bandwidthBof the first frequency resource allocated to the transmission of the downlink signal of the first node is even, and one implementation of obtaining is to generate according to the following Math figure (1),

[0187] [Math figure 1]

[0188]

[0189] Alternatively, for example, when the downlink transmission adopts SSB-ASK modulation, one embodiment of obtaining is to generate it according to the following Math figure (2) or Math figure (3).

[0190] [Math figure 2]

[0191]

[0192] [Math figure 3]

[0193]

[0194] In step 730, the second node performs resource mapping.

[0195] The second node maps the sequence to the first frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource) and the second frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT negative frequency resource) allocated to the first node. For example, in some embodiments, the second node can perform resource mapping based on the sequence to obtain a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, wherein the length of the sequence is N. Different embodiments of the second node performing resource mapping will be described in detail with reference to FIGs. 8- 9.

[0196] In step 740, the second node generates a baseband signal.

[0197] For example, the baseband signal may be generated using a method similar to that of generating the baseband signal in the NR system.

[0198] According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the second node may use different implementations for the resource mapping described in step 730 of FIG. 7. Different implementations of resource mapping according to example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 8-9.

[0199] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating resource mapping according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 shows one embodiment of resource mapping as described in step 730 of FIG. 7. Specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the downlink signal is mirror-mapped on the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. As shown in FIG. 8, the signal sequence (where ) is mapped to a first frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource) and a second frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT negative frequency resource), wherein the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource respectively compriseNresource elements. As used herein, a "resource element" may indicate the smallest unit of a resource, which corresponds to a symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. As shown in FIG. 8, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource are symmetrical with respect to the system center frequency. That is, the distance between the first frequency resource and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to the distance between the second frequency resource and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth. In step 730 as shown in FIG. 7, the second node can simultaneously map the sequence to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource allocated to the first node.

[0200] In some embodiments, for each element in the sequence , the second node may map the element to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. For example, mapping the element to a first frequency resource and a second frequency resource may include mapping the element to one first subcarrier in the first frequency resource and one second subcarrier in the second frequency resource. The distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary is equal to the distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the distance between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary may refer to, for example, the interval between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary, or the offset of the subcarrier with respect to the frequency boundary, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. That is, the sum of the index of the one first subcarrier in the first frequency resource and the index of the one second subcarrier in the second frequency resource is the sum of the largest subcarrier index plus the smallest subcarrier index in the system bandwidth.

[0201] As shown in FIG. 8, the element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the first resource element of the second frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the second frequency resource), the first resource element of the first frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the first frequency resource), and the element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the second resource element of the second frequency resource, the second resource element of the first frequency resource, ..., and the element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the Nth resource element of the second frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the second frequency resource) and the Nth resource element of the first frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the first frequency resource).

[0202] In some embodiments, the sequence can be scaled by a scaling factor satisfying the power limit and mapped onto the resource element according to the following Math figure (4) or (5). For resource element , can indicate the frequency domain position of resource elements, and can indicate the time domain position of resource elements. The scaling factor can be predefined or configured.

[0203] [Math figure (4)]

[0204]

[0205] [Math figure (5)]

[0206]

[0207] Wherein:

[0208]

[0209] In the above Math figure (4) or (5), is the index allocated to the subcarriers in the frequency resources allocated to the first node, represents the subcarrier number of the subcarrier having the lowest frequency among the second frequency resources allocated to the first node within the system bandwidth, is the total number of subcarriers within the system bandwidth, and is the OFDM symbol number. In the above math figure, corresponds to the second frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT negative frequency resource) and corresponds to the first frequency resource (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource). Math figure (4) or (5) indicates that the nth element in the sequence is mapped to two subcarriers with indexes of and . Wherein the nth element in the sequence uniquely corresponds to the index of one element. When the index of the first element is 0, the index of the nth element is n-1; when the index of the first element is 1, the index of the nth element is n. In some embodiments, Math figure (4) or (5) can be expressed in other ways. For example, the index z may not exist, and the index of subcarriers is expressed by the following Math figure (6):

[0210] [Math figure (6)]

[0211]

[0212] Wherein, corresponds to a first frequency resource (for example, A-IoT positive frequency resource) and corresponds to a second frequency resource (for example, A-IoT negative frequency resource). It will be understood that the above math figure or the resource mapping manner shown in FIG. 8 (for example, the corresponding relationship between the frequency position (e.g., index) of resource elements and the element index of signal sequence ) is only an example. For example, although it is described that the mapping is based on the ascending order of the index, the mapping may also be based on the descending order of the index.

[0213] In some embodiments, the resource mapping as shown in FIG. 8 may further include mapping the sequence to a first frequency resource (e.g., A-IoT positive frequency resource) and a second frequency resource (e.g., A-IoT negative frequency resource) allocated to the first node at the same time, and the values of the sequences on the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource are opposite. For example, assuming that the element value of is 1, the value' 1' and the negative number of the value' 1' (i.e. the value'-1') can be mapped to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource respectively.

[0214]

[0215] In some examples, the sequence is scaled by a scaling factor satisfying the power constraint and mapped onto the resource element , for example, according to the following Math figure (7) or (8). The scaling factor can be predefined or configured.

[0216] [Math figure (7)]

[0217]

[0218] [Math figure (8)]

[0219]

[0220] Wherein:

[0221]

[0222] In the above Math figures (7) and (8), represents the subcarrier number of the subcarrier having the lowest frequency among the second frequency resources allocated to the first node within the system bandwidth, is the total number of subcarriers in the system bandwidth, and is the OFDM symbol number. In the above math figure, corresponds to the second frequency resource, and corresponds to the first frequency resource. In some embodiments, z may not exist. For example, it can be expressed by the following Math figure (9)

[0223] [Math figure (9)]

[0224]

[0225] Wherein, corresponds to the first frequency resource (for example, A-IoT positive frequency resource), and corresponds to the second frequency resource (for example, A-IoT negative frequency resource).

[0226] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating another resource mapping according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 shows another implementation of resource mapping as described in step 730 of FIG. 7.

[0227] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the sequence is mirrored before resource mapping. For example, the second node may extend the first sequence used to generate the baseband signal into a second sequence, and map the second sequence to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource. For example, resource mapping may be performed based on the second sequence to obtain a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers (where N is the length of the first sequence), where the second sequence may include a third sequence and a fourth sequence concatenated with each other, and wherein the third sequence and the fourth sequence are based on the first sequence and have the same length as the first sequence. In some implementations, for example, for each element in the third sequence, the element may be mapped to one first subcarrier, and for each element in the fourth sequence, the element may be mapped to one second subcarrier. The distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary is equal to the distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the distance between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary may refer to, for example, the interval between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary, or the offset of the subcarrier with respect to the frequency boundary, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0228] In some embodiments, performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers may include mapping the ith element of the third sequence and the ith element of the fourth sequence to a first on a first subcarrier and a second subcarrier, where i is an integer from 1 to N; Wherein the first through Nth elements of the third sequence and the first through Nth elements of the fourth sequence are the same as one of the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by-1, respectively. The distance between a first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary is equal to the distance between a second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary.

[0229] In some embodiments, performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers may include mapping the i-th element of the third sequence and the N-i+1-th element of the fourth sequence to one first subcarrier and one second subcarrier respectively, wherein i is an integer from 1 to N; wherein the first through Nth elements of the third sequence are the same as the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by-1, and the first through Nth elements of the fourth sequence are the same as the reversed order of the first sequence or the reversed order of the first sequence multiplied by-1. The distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary is equal to the distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary.

[0230] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, the first frequency resource (for example, A-IoT positive frequency resource) and the second frequency resource (for example, A-IoT negative frequency resource) respectively includeNresource elements. As used herein, a "resource element" may indicate the smallest unit of resource, corresponding to one symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 9, the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource are symmetrical about the system center frequency. That is to say, the distance between the first frequency resource and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to the distance between the second frequency resource and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

[0231] As shown in FIG. 9, the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the first resource element of the second frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the second frequency resource), the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the second resource element of the second frequency resource, ..., and the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the Nth resource element of the second frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the second frequency resource). Furthermore, the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the first resource element of the first frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the first frequency resource), the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the second resource element of the first frequency resource, ..., and the element of the signal sequence is mapped to the Nth resource element of the first frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the first frequency resource).

[0232] In some embodiments, the extended sequence can be obtained based on the sequence . Wherein, the length of the extended sequence is twice that of the sequence . The extended sequence is scaled by a scaling factor satisfying the power limit and mapped onto the resource element . Wherein, the firstNelements of the extended sequence are the same as the sequence (i.e., the same value as ) or (i.e., the opposite value as ), and the lastNelements are the same as in reverse order (i.e. the same value as or in reverse order (i.e. the opposite value as ). The scaling factor can be predefined or configured.

[0233] [Math figure 10]

[0234]

[0235] Wherein:

[0236]

[0237] Where represents the subcarrier number of the subcarrier having the lowest frequency among the second frequency resources allocated to the first node within the system bandwidth, is the total number of subcarriers in the system bandwidth, and is the OFDM symbol number.

[0238] In some embodiments, when the first N elements of the extended sequence are the same as the sequence or and the lastNelements are the same as the sequence or , the mapping is based on the following Math figure (11). The scaling factor can be predefined or configured.

[0239] [Math figure 11]

[0240]

[0241] Wherein:

[0242]

[0243] According to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a resource allocation method is provided. By using this resource allocation method, interference-free frequency division multiplexing downlink transmission can be supported by multiple first nodes (e.g., electronic tags) while the A-IoT / P-IoT system and the cellular mobile communication system (e.g., NR communication system) coexist. For example, in this resource allocation method, the frequency resources allocated to A-IoT / P-IoT include three parts, a first frequency resource (also called a first frequency resource set), a second frequency resource (also called a second frequency resource set) and a third frequency resource. The first frequency resource and the second frequency resource may be respectively located at the edge of the system bandwidth (for example, located at the edge frequency band of the system bandwidth) and are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system bandwidth (in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, they may also be respectively called A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource), and the third frequency resource is located at the center frequency position of the system bandwidth. It can be understood that the positive and negative frequency resources are defined relative to the system bandwidth center frequency, so this nomenclature is only an example, and any suitable nomenclature may be adopted. In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource is the same, and / or the frequency position of the first frequency resource (e.g., the center frequency of the first frequency resource) and the frequency position of the second frequency resource (e.g., the center frequency of the second frequency resource) are symmetrical about the system bandwidth center frequency. For example, the distance (e.g., interval) between the frequency position of the first frequency resource and the upper edge of the system bandwidth (which may be referred to as the upper frequency boundary in embodiments of the present disclosure) is equal to the distance (e.g., interval) between the frequency position of the second frequency resource and the lower edge of the system bandwidth (which may be referred to as the lower frequency boundary in embodiments of the present disclosure).

[0244] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a resource allocation scheme according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 10, the frequency resources allocated to A-IoT / P-IoT include an A-IoT positive frequency resource (which may also be referred to as first frequency resource and / or first frequency resource set), an A-IoT negative frequency resource (which may also be referred to as second frequency resource and / or second frequency resource set) and an A-IoT center frequency resource, wherein the A-IoT positive frequency resource and the A-IoT negative frequency resource are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system bandwidth. The frequency position of the A-loT center frequency resource is the center frequency of the system bandwidth, that is, the center frequency of the A-loT center frequency resource can be the same as the center frequency of the system bandwidth. In some embodiments, there may be a guard band between the A-loT positive frequency resource and the communication resource (e.g., NR communication resource). There may be a guard band between the A-IoT negative frequency resource and the communication resource (e.g., NR communication resource). In other implementations, no guard band may be provided between the A-IoT frequency resource (A-IoT positive frequency resource or A-IoT negative frequency resource) and the communication resource.

[0245] Referring further to FIG. 10, the A-IoT positive frequency resource can be divided into a set of Q tag positive frequency resources (in the embodiment of the present disclosure, it can also be called the first frequency resource set), and the A-IoT negative frequency resource can be divided into a set of Q tag negative frequency resources (in the embodiment of the present disclosure, it can also be called the second frequency resource set), so that up to Q electronic tags are supported for frequency division multiplexing downlink reception within the frequency resources allocated to A-IoT / P-IoT, and Q can be an integer equal to or greater than 1. For example, the second node can simultaneously transmit downlink signals for Q tags to Q tags on Q tag negative frequency resources; as one example, a first downlink signal is transmitted to one tag on tag positive frequency resource 1, while a second downlink signal is transmitted to another tag on tag positive frequency resource 2. In some implementations, each electronic tag may be allocated frequency resources in the form of a frequency resource pair. For example, the frequency resources allocated to A-IoT / P-IoT may be divided into Q frequency resource pairs (e.g., Q frequency resource pairs that do not overlap in the frequency domain). The Q frequency resource pairs do not overlap with each other in the frequency domain. Each frequency resource pair includes a tag positive frequency resource located in the A-IoT positive frequency resource (from a set of Q tag positive frequency resources) and a tag negative frequency resource located in the A-IoT negative frequency resource (from a set of Q tag negative frequency resources). The tag positive frequency resource and the tag negative frequency resource of each frequency resource pair may be symmetric about the system bandwidth center frequency and / or the bandwidth of the tag positive frequency resource and the tag negative frequency resource of each frequency resource pair are the same. Due to the symmetry of the positive frequency resource and negative frequency resource of each frequency resource pair with respect to the center frequency of the system bandwidth, for the convenience of description, only the positive frequency resource will be described hereinafter, and it can be understood that similar principles can be applied to negative frequency resource. In some embodiments, the center frequencies (illustrated as , respectively) and / or bandwidths (illustrated as , respectively) of the Q tag positive frequency resources are predefined (e.g., fixed), and / or known to the electronic tags. Wherein, the bandwidths to of the Q tag positive frequency resources do not exceed the maximum bandwidth of a single electronic tag supported by the system. From the perspective of simplified implementation, a preferred scheme is to make the bandwidths of these Q tag positive frequency resources equal to . In some embodiments, there may or may not be guard bands between the positive frequency resources (as shown in Figure 10). But whether there are guard bands or not, the total bandwidth of these Q frequency resources does not exceed the bandwidth of A-IoT resources. Alternatively, in different downlink transmissions, the number of users Q (the number of electronic tags Q) for system frequency division multiplexing may be different. Further, in the downlink transmission to different electronic tags, the bandwidth of frequency resources allocated by the system for each electronic tag may be different.

[0246] In some embodiments, downlink transmission can be provided for at most one electronic tag within each pair of tag frequency resources (tag positive frequency resource and tag negative frequency resource). The downlink transmission provided for each electronic tag occurs simultaneously on the tag positive frequency resource, the tag negative frequency resource and the center frequency resource allocated for this electronic tag. For example, a downlink signal for an electronic tag can be mapped to a center frequency resource and a tag positive frequency resource and a tag negative frequency resource allocated for this electronic tag. In the case of transmitting downlink signals to Q electronic tags, each frequency resource pair only provides downlink transmission for one electronic tag (that is, Q frequency resource pairs are respectively allocated to downlink transmission for Q electronic tags), and the center frequency resource superimposes downlink transmissions to Q electronic tags.

[0247] A flowchart of a method for frequency division multiplexing of IoT downlink transmission performed by a second node according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG. 11. It can be understood that the steps in FIG. 11 can be performed in any suitable order, some steps can be omitted, and additional steps can be added. The embodiment of FIG. 11 will be described with an electronic tag as an example of the first node, and it can be understood that the embodiment described in connection with FIG. 11 can be applied to any suitable first node, for example, the first node can also be an A-IoT device, a passive IoT device, a radio frequency tag, a passive IoT / A-IoT enabled terminal / UE, etc.

[0248] The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be used for a downlink transmission process in which there are a total of electronic tags that need to receive downlink data, where . These electronic tags are allocated any of the Q frequency resource pairs described in connection with FIG. 10. Without loss of generality, it is assumed that the downlink transmission of these electronic tags are respectively allocated with frequency resource pairs in which the central frequencies of the positive frequency resources are .

[0249] The second node may generate the baseband signal based on at least one of the following steps (taking the baseband signal that generates the downlink signal to be transmitted to the p-th electronic tag as an example.). For example, the second node may be a reader device, a receiver, a relay node, a tag receiver, a tag receiver node, a passive IoT reader, an A-IoT reader, or a UE or network device (e.g., NR UE / NR base station) equipped with an IoT reader functional entity, etc.

[0250] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the second node performs waveform coding on downlink data.

[0251] Any suitable waveform coding scheme can be adopted. It is assumed that the coding sequence of the downlink data of the -th electronic tag after waveform coding is , and is the Fourier transform size. For example, the value of can be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). Some coding schemes may lead to negative values in the coding sequence. For example, for binary waveform coding, the value range of the coded coding sequence can be {0,1} or {-1,1}, and for ternary waveform coding, the value range of the coded coding sequence can be {-1,0,1} or {0,1,2}. But in any case, the minimum value of the coding sequence can always be changed to 0 by simple operation. For example, if the value range of the coding sequence is {-1,1}, the value range of the coding sequence can be changed to {0,1} by . Therefore, we can directly assume that here. In step S1120, the second node performs transform precoding.

[0252] The second node can perform the fast Fourier transform of points on the coded sequence to obtain the sequence , wehre .

[0253] elements representing low-frequency components can be obtained from the sequence , denoted as , where represents the number of subcarriers corresponding to the bandwidth of the positive frequency resource allocated for the p-th electronic tag and is an even number.

[0254] Alternatively, for example, when the downlink transmission adopts double sideband modulation such as DSB-ASK, one embodiment of obtaining is to generate it according to the following Math figure (12).

[0255] [Math figure (12)]

[0256]

[0257] Alternatively, for example, when SSB-ASK is used for downlink transmission, one embodiment of obtaining is to generate it according to the following Math figure (13) or Math figure (14).

[0258] [Math figure (13)]

[0259]

[0260] [Math figure (14)]

[0261]

[0262] In step S1130, the second node performs resource mapping. The second node can simultaneously map the sequence to the A-IoT negative frequency resource and the A-IoT positive frequency resource and the center frequency resource allocated to this electronic tag.

[0263] In some embodiments, the sequence can be scaled by scaling factors and satisfying power constraints and mapped onto resource elements according to the following Math figure (15). For resource elements , can indicate the frequency domain position of resource elements, and can indicate the time domain position of resource elements. The scaling factors and can be predefined or configured. As used herein, a "resource element" may indicate the smallest unit of a resource, which corresponds to a symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain.

[0264] [Math figure (15)]

[0265]

[0266] Wherein:

[0267]

[0268] In the above Math figure (15), represents the subcarrier number of the subcarrier having the lowest frequency among the A-IoT negative frequency resource allocated for the p-th electronic tag within the system bandwidth, is the total number of subcarriers in the system bandwidth, and is the OFDM symbol number. In the above math figure, resource corresponds to the tag negative frequency resource, resource corresponds to the tag positive frequency resource, and resource corresponds to the center frequency resource.

[0269] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a resource mapping method according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, the signal sequence (where ) is mapped to the tag negative frequency resource (for example, the second frequency resource), the center frequency resource and the tag positive frequency resource (for example, the first frequency resource). The tag negative frequency resource includes N resource elements, the center frequency resource include N resource elements, and the tag positive frequency resource include N resource elements. The element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the first resource element of the tag negative frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the tag negative frequency resource), the first resource element of the center frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the center frequency resource), and the first resource element of the tag positive frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the tag positive frequency resource), the element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the second resource element of the tag negative frequency resource, the second resource element of the center frequency resource, the second resource element of the tag positive frequency resource, ..., and the element of the signal sequence is simultaneously mapped to the Nth resource element of the tag negative frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the tag negative frequency resource), the Nth resource element of the center frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the highest frequency among the N resource elements of the center frequency resource), and the Nth resource element of the tag positive frequency resource (for example, the resource element with the lowest frequency among the N resource elements of the tag positive frequency resource). It will be understood that the above math figure or the resource mapping manner shown in FIG. 12 (for example, the correspondence between the frequency positions (e.g., index) of resource elements and the element index of the signal sequence ) is only an example. For example, although it is described that the mapping is based on the ascending order of the index, the mapping may also be based on the descending order of the index.

[0270] Referring back to FIG. 11, in step S1140, the second node generates a baseband signal.

[0271] For example, the baseband signal can be generated using the same method as the baseband signal in the NR system.

[0272] Alternative embodiments of the method described in connection with FIG. 11 will be described below. Description of the same steps (e.g., steps S1110, S1120, and S1140) will be omitted.

[0273] In some embodiments, as an alternative to the above step S1130, the sequence can be mapped to the A-IoT negative frequency resource, the A-IoT positive frequency resource and the center frequency resource allocated to this first node at the same time, and the values of the sequences on the negative frequency resource and the positive frequency resource are opposite. For example, if the element value of is 1, the value' 1' and the negative number of the value' 1' (that is, the value'-1') can be mapped to the A-IoT negative frequency resource and the A-IoT positive frequency resource respectively.

[0274] In some embodiments, the sequence can be simultaneously mapped to the A-IoT negative frequency resource and the A-IoT positive frequency resource and the center frequency resource allocated to this electronic tag. For example, for each element in the sequence , the value of the element or the negative value of the value can be mapped to the A-IoT negative frequency resource and the A-IoT positive frequency resource respectively, and the value of the element can be mapped to the center frequency resource.

[0275] In some examples, the sequence is scaled by scaling factors and satisfying power constraints, and mapped onto resource elements , for example, according to the following Math figure (16) or Math figure (17). The scaling factors and can be predefined or configured.

[0276] [Math figure (16)]

[0277]

[0278] [Math figure (17)]

[0279]

[0280] Wherein:

[0281]

[0282] In the above Math figures (16) and (17), represents the subcarrier number of the subcarrier having the lowest frequency among the A-IoT negative frequency resource allocated for the p-th electronic tag within the system bandwidth, is the total number of subcarriers in the system bandwidth, and is the OFDM symbol number. In the above math figure, resource corresponds to the tag negative frequency resource, resource corresponds to the tag positive frequency resource, and resource corresponds to the center frequency resource.

[0283] The structure of a receiver according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is described below.

[0284] FIG. 13 illustrates the hardware structure of the reception link of the first node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the center frequency and passband bandwidth of a band-pass filter bank and a low-pass filter according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0285] Referring to FIG. 13, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the hardware structure of a reception link of a first node is as shown in FIG. 13. Through this structure, reception of downlink signals described according to various embodiments of the present disclosure can be supported.

[0286] Referring to FIG. 13, the reception chain (e.g., receiver) of the first node may include an antenna 1301, a first envelope detector (which may also be referred to as a first stage envelope detector) 1302, a Q+1 to 1 switch 1303, a band-pass filter bank 1304, a second envelope detector (which may also be referred to as a second stage envelope detector) 1305, a low-pass filter 1306, a comparator / analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 1307, and a baseband processor 1308. Band-pass filter bank 1304 may include Q band-pass filters (band-pass filter 1, band-pass filter 2, ..., band-pass filter Q). The input of the first envelope detector 1302 is connected to the antenna, and its output is connected to the input of the Q+1 to 1 switch 1303. A Q+1 to 1 switch 1303 is arranged between the first envelope detector 1302 and the second envelope detector 1305. Q out of the Q+1 outputs of the Q+1 to 1 switch 1303 are respectively connected to the inputs of Q band-pass filters, and the remaining output is connected to the input of the low-pass filter 1306. The Q + l to l switch 1303 may be configured (e.g., under control of a controller / processor) to selectively connect an input of the Q + l to l switch 1303 with one of the Q outputs. For example, when the A-IoT downlink signal is to be transmitted using the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource as described in the embodiments of the present disclosure and / or the IoT downlink signal transmitted in a frequency division multiplexing manner is to be received, the Q+1 to 1 switch 1303 of the first node at the receiving end may connect the output of the first envelope detector 1302 with one of the Q band-pass filters (for example, the band-pass filter corresponding to the frequency resources allocated to the first node). When the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource as described in the embodiment of the present disclosure are not used to transmit the A-IoT downlink signal and / or the IoT downlink signal that is not transmitted in a frequency division multiplexing manner is to be received, the Q+1 to 1 switch 1303 of the first node at the receiving end may connect the output of the first envelope detector 1302 to the low-pass filter 1306. The input of the low-pass filter 1306 is also connected to the output of the second envelope detector 1305, the output of which is connected to the comparator / ADC 1307. The output of comparator / ADC 1307 is connected to baseband processor 1308. The baseband processor 1308 may process the received signal to obtain a baseband signal. The value of Q may indicate the number of first nodes (e.g., electronic tags) supported for frequency division multiplexing downlink reception within the frequency resources allocated to A-IoT / P-IoT, as described in connection with FIG. 10. For example, Q may be an integer not less than 1.

[0287] It can be understood that FIG. 13 is only a schematic diagram, and some components may be omitted or additional components may be included. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the reception chain of the first node may include structures not shown in FIG. 13, including but not limited to radio frequency filters, low noise amplifiers, baseband signal amplifiers, etc. One or more of the components shown in FIG. 13 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Although each component is shown in isolation, two or more components may be combined.

[0288] Continuing to refer to FIG. 13, the signal received by the antenna enters the first stage envelope detector. The output of the first stage envelope detector is connected to the input of a Q + 1 to 1 switch. Regardless of which of the Q band-pass filters is selected by the switch, the output signal of the corresponding band-pass filter is input to the second stage envelope detector. The output of the second stage envelope detector is connected to a low-pass filter. The other path of the Q + 1 to 1 switch is connected directly to the input of the low-pass filter following the second stage envelope detector. In some embodiments, the low-pass filter shown in FIG. 13 may not be included in the receive link of the first node, which can further reduce the cost of the first node.

[0289] In some embodiments, the center frequency and bandwidth of each band-pass filter within the band-pass filter bank are predefined or fixed. Alternatively, the center frequency and bandwidth of each band-pass filter within the band-pass filter bank are related to the parameters (e.g., center frequency and bandwidth) of the band-pass filter supported by the first node. For example, the parameters (e.g., center frequency and bandwidth) of the band-pass filters supported by all first nodes may be the same. Alternatively, the band-pass filters (e.g., center frequency and bandwidth) supported by different first nodes may differ, in which case the center frequency and bandwidth of each band-pass filter within the band-pass filter bank are related to the center frequency and bandwidth of the band-pass filter supported by the corresponding first node. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the center frequency and passband bandwidth of a band-pass filter bank and a low-pass filter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the output signal after the first-stage envelope detection is a real-valued signal, its spectrum is a double-sideband spectrum. As shown in FIG. 14, the center frequencies of Q band-pass filters on the positive frequency are , and the passband bandwidths on the positive frequency are denoted as , the center frequency of the low-pass filter is denoted as , and the passband bandwidth is denoted as , is not less than the maximum of , that is, . In some embodiments, in order to support interference-free downlink transmission, Math figure (18) can be satisfied between the center frequencies and bandwidths of each band-pass filter:

[0290] [Math figure (18)]

[0291]

[0292] Adopting this structure of the reception link (e.g., receiver) of the first node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure can obtain at least the following beneficial effects. The signal after the first-stage envelope detection is a baseband signal. Compared with the radio frequency signal frequency (usually hundreds of MHz to several GHz), the center frequency of each band-pass filter is very low (about hundreds of kHz to several MHz), the difficulty of implementing a narrowband band-pass filter at this low frequency is much lower than directly implementing a narrowband band-pass filter at radio frequency. For a low-cost first node, implementing several such narrowband band-pass filters is also achievable, thereby supporting downlink transmission solutions of various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0293] The signaling process between the first node and the second node according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. At least one of these signaling processes may be combined with the above-mentioned IoT downlink transmission process between the second node and the first node.

[0294] In some implementations, the second node may transmit first configuration information to the first node. For example, the first configuration information may be a paging message, which is used to indicate the first node that needs to respond; it may also be an inventory command, which is used to instruct the first node to participate in a round of inventory; it may also be an acknowledgment ACK instruction, which is used to determine access to the first node; it may also be separate signaling or higher layer signaling.

[0295] In some embodiments, the first configuration information received by the first node may be used to indicate the physical resources used for downlink transmissions in this round of inventory, or to indicate the physical resources used in one or more subsequent downlink transmissions, or to indicate physical resources used within a period of time.

[0296] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is used to indicate physical resources used within a period of time, and the period of time is configured or indicated through at least one of the following: predefined, the first configuration information, and higher layer signaling.

[0297] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is used to indicate physical resources used in multiple downlink transmissions, and the number information of the multiple downlink transmissions is configured or indicated through at least one of the following: predefined, first configuration information, higher layer signaling.

[0298] In some embodiments, the method for the first configuration information to indicate the physical resources mapped for downlink transmission can be explicit indication through a 1-bit in the first configuration information, for example, use bit 0 to indicate the use of the first resource mapping method, and use bit 1 to indicate the use of the second resource mapping method, or use bit 1 to indicate the use of the first resource mapping method, and use bit 0 to indicate the use of the second resource mapping method; or implicit indication through different preambles in the first configuration information, for example, when using the preamble 1, it indicates to use the first resource mapping method, and when using the preamble 2, it indicates to use the second resource mapping method. For example, optionally, the first resource mapping method can be a mapping method that only uniquely maps each element in the signal sequence containing N elements to one of the resource elements of a single frequency resource including N resource elements. Optionally, the second resource mapping method can be the mapping method of mapping the signal sequence to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource symmetrical about the system center frequency according to some embodiments of the present disclosure (for example, as shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9), or the second resource mapping method can be the mapping method of mapping the signal sequence to A-IoT positive frequency resource, A-IoT negative frequency resource and A-IoT center frequency resource according to some embodiments of the present disclosure (for example, as shown in FIG. 10- FIG. 12).

[0299] In some embodiments, the first configuration information further includes first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate whether to use two frequency resources (for example, A-IoT positive frequency resources and A-IoT negative frequency resources) for downlink transmission. For example, in some embodiments, the first indication information may indicate whether to transmit a downlink signal based on a mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers. When the first indication information indicates not to use two frequency resources for downlink transmission, the first node uses the one-stage envelope detection to receive downlink transmission; when the first indication information indicates to use two frequency resources for downlink transmission, the first node uses two-stage envelope detection to receive downlink transmission.

[0300] In some embodiments, the first configuration information further includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the position information of the first frequency resource (e.g., A-IoT positive frequency resource) and / or the second frequency resource (e.g., A-IoT negative frequency resource). For example, in some embodiments, the second indication information may indicate index information of 2N subcarriers. The first node determines the frequency information of the band-pass filter used when receiving downlink transmission based on the second indication information.

[0301] The above various embodiments can be used in combination. For example, when the first configuration information is a paging message, the first node receives the paging message through one-stage envelope detection in the reception link, and the paging message instructs the first node to receive the downlink message and instructs that the downlink message uses the resource configuration method proposed by the example embodiments of the present disclosure; the first node switches the receiver chain to a band-pass filter and two-stage envelope detection to receive the downlink message on the allocated resources. Alternatively, the first configuration message further includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the position information of the first frequency resource and / or the second frequency resource. The first node determines the frequency information of the band-pass filter used when receiving downlink transmission based on the second indication information. Alternatively, the first configuration message may indicate physical resources used in a subsequent downlink transmission, or may be used to indicate physical resources used within a period of time, or physical resources used in several downlink transmissions.

[0302] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart 1500 of a method for reporting by a first node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0303] Referring to FIG. 15, in some embodiments, in step 1510, the first node receives first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information also includes third indication information for instructing the first node to report; in step 1520, uplink transmission is performed, and the uplink transmission is used to indicate whether the first node has band-pass filters and / or information on the number of filters and / or frequency information of the band-pass filters. Wherein, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node may include, for example, an electronic tag. For example, when the second node does not know whether the first node has band-pass filters and / or the frequency information of the band-pass filters, the first node needs to report the information, so that it can be determined whether the resource allocation method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be used. Transmit downlink information for the first node. The uplink transmission may be message 2 or message 4 of the uplink transmission in the random access phase or an independent uplink transmission. For example, when the first configuration information received by the first node is a paging message, the paging message only instructs the first node to reply, and the first configuration information includes the third indication information, then the first node transmits an uplink transmission indicating whether band-pass filters are included and / or frequency information of the band-pass filters. Optionally, the uplink transmission can be 1-bit indication information, for example, use bit 0 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filter information, and use bit 1 to indicate that the first node does not have band-pass filter information, or use bit 1 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filter information, use bit 0 to indicate that the first node does not have band-pass filter information, and the frequency information of the band-pass filters is a preset value. Optionally, the uplink transmission can be multi-bit indication information, which is used to indicate whether the first node includes band-pass filters and the frequency information of the band-pass filters, wherein the specific indicated frequency information can be obtained based on a preset table. For example, use bit 00 to indicate that the first node does not have band-pass filters; use bit 01 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filters, the center frequency of the band-pass filters is first frequency and the bandwidth is first bandwidth; use bit 10 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filters, the center frequency of the band-pass filters is second frequency and the bandwidth is second bandwidth; and use bit 11 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filters, the center frequency of the band-pass filters is third frequency and the bandwidth is third bandwidth. Optionally, the uplink transmission may include whether the band-pass filter is included and / or the frequency information of the band-pass filters in other messages. For example, 1 bit indication in the uplink transmission of random access, for example, use bit 0 to indicate that the first node has band-pass filter information, use bit 1 to indicate that the first node does not have band-pass filter information, or use bit 1to indicate that the first node has band-pass filter information, and use bit 1 to indicate that the first node does not have band-pass filter information. The frequency information of the band-pass filters is a preset value. Optionally, whether the band-pass filters are included and / or the frequency information of the band-pass filters can be implicitly indicated by different preambles in uplink transmission. For example, when preamble 1 is used, it indicates that the first node does not have band-pass filter information; when preamble 2 is used, it indicates that the first node has band-pass filter information, and the frequency information of the band-pass filters is a preset value. Optionally, the information of the preambles can also be used to indicate whether the first node includes band-pass filters and the frequency information of the band-pass filters. For example, when using preamble 1, it indicates that the first node has no band-pass filter information; when using preamble 2, it indicates that the first node has band-pass filter information, and the center frequency of the band-pass filters is first frequency, and the bandwidth is first bandwidth; when using preamble 3, it indicates that the first node has band-pass filter information, and the center frequency of the band-pass filters is second frequency, and the bandwidth is second bandwidth. The specific indicated frequency information can be obtained based on the preset table.

[0304] If the first node contains only one band-pass filter, after transmitting the uplink transmission, the receiver can be switched to the band-pass filter link to receive subsequent downlink transmissions on the allocated two parts of the frequency resources. If the first node contains multiple band-pass filters, it receives configuration information, determines frequency information for downlink transmission based on the configuration information, switches the receiver to the corresponding band-pass filter link, and receives subsequent downlink transmission on the allocated frequency resource.

[0305] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart 1600 of a method for measurement by a first node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0306] Referring to FIG. 16, in some embodiments, in step 1610, the first node receives a downlink signal; in step 1620, the first node determines whether the interference strength determined based on the received signal quality exceeds the first threshold, or whether the downlink transmission CRC check fails; if the interference strength determined based on the received signal quality exceeds the first threshold, or the downlink transmission CRC check fails, then in step 1630, the first node transmits uplink indication information, wherein the uplink indication information is used to indicate that the interference in downlink transmission is too large; afterwards, in step 1650, the first node receives the first configuration information and determines the physical resources used for subsequent downlink transmissions; if the interference strength determined based on the received signal quality does not exceed the first threshold, or the downlink transmission CRC check passes, the step proceeds to 1640, and the first node does not transmit uplink indication information. Wherein, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node may include, for example, an electronic tag. The downlink signal may be the last downlink transmission. For example, when the first node needs to receive multiple downlink transmissions within a period of time, it can transmit an uplink signal indicating that the interference intensity is too large when it detects that the interference intensity of the downlink transmission increases beyond the first threshold or cannot be solved. The downlink signal may also be paging information or inventory commands. For example, when the first node receives paging information or inventory commands and detects that the interference intensity of the paging message or inventory commands increases beyond the first threshold, it can report that the interference intensity is too large in the message 2 or message 4 of the uplink transmission of the random access stage. The downlink signal may also be message 1 or message 3 for access, and it can report that the interference intensity is too large in the message 2 or message 4 of the uplink transmission of the random access stage. Referring to FIG. 25, a signaling and / or data interaction diagram for communication between a first node and a second node is shown. Optionally, the indication information for reporting the interference strength can be 1-bit indication information, for example, bit 0 indicates that the interference signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and bit 1 indicates that the interference signal is less than or equal to the first threshold; or bit 1 indicates that the interference signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and bit 0 indicates that the interference signal is less than or equal to the first threshold. Optionally, the indication information for reporting interference strength can be 1 bit of ACK information in random access, for example, bit 0 indicates that the interference signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and bit 1 indicates that the interference signal is less than or equal to the first threshold; or bit 1 indicates that the interference signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and bit 0 indicates that the interference signal is less than or equal to the first threshold. Optionally, the second node can adjust the allocation method of resources based on the interference measurement information reported by the first node, and indicate the mapping method of reader to devices (R2D) transmission through the indication information. For example, when the second node is a base station, interference signals within the AIOT receiving bandwidth can be reduced by adjusting the allocation of frequency domain resources. R2D signals continue to use the first resource mapping method. Optionally, the indication information can be a single 1 bit, for example, bit 0 indicates the use of the first resource mapping method, bit 1 indicates the use of the second resource mapping method, or bit 1 indicates the use of the first resource mapping method, and bit 0 indicates the use of the second resource mapping method. Optionally, the second node may not indicate the mapping method of R2D transmission. After receiving the message indicating excessive interference from the user, the R2D signal is transmitted directly using the resource mapping method. For example, optionally, the first resource mapping method can be a mapping method that only uniquely maps each element in the signal sequence containing N elements to one of the resource elements of a single frequency resource including N resource elements. Optionally, the second resource mapping method can be a mapping method that maps the sequence of signals to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource symmetrical about the center frequency of the system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure (for example, as shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9), or the second resource mapping method can be a mapping method that maps the sequence of signals to A-IoT positive frequency resource, A-IoT negative frequency resources and A-IoT center frequency resource according to some embodiments of the present disclosure (for example, as shown in FIG. 10- FIG. 12).

[0307] FIG. 25 illustrates a signaling / data interaction diagram for communication between a reader and one tag according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 25, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, the first node can be a tag, and the second node can be a reader. The reader can send a paging message based on the above first resource mapping method to the tag, and the tag can measure the interference intensity of the received paging message, and report the interference measurement information to the reader. For example, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, when the tag receives the paging information and detects that the interference intensity of the paging message has increased beyond the first threshold, it can report the excessive interference intensity to the reader in the uplink transmission message 2 or message 4 in the random access phase. Based on the interference measurement information reported by the tag, the reader can adjust the resource allocation method and send R2D message mapping method indication information to the tag to indicate the mapping method of R2D transmission. Based on the received indication information indicating the use of the second resource mapping method as described above, the tag can switch the receiver to two-stage envelope detection according to the embodiment of the present invention. Further, the reader can send an R2D message based on the indicated mapping method to the tag.

[0308] According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, there is also provided a method of determining how to perform resource allocation by a second node, the method comprising determining frequency resources on which to transmit downlink transmissions to the first node based on at least one of the following information: interference signal strength measured by the second node; second configuration information from the base station; reporting information of the first node. Specifically, in the case that the first condition is met, the resources allocated to the first node include N subcarriers, and in the case that the first condition is not met, the resources allocated to the first node include 2N subcarriers. The first condition is one of the following: the interference signal strength measured by the second node is less than or equal to a first threshold; second configuration information from the base station, the second configuration information indicating that the first downlink signal is mapped to N subcarriers; reporting information of the first node, the reporting information being related to the second downlink signal mapped to the N subcarriers received by the first node. In some implementations, the second downlink signal may be a signal previously received by the first node, which is mapped to N subcarriers. For example, the second downlink signal may include a reader-to-device channel PRDCH, a paging signal, an inventory signal, and message 1 or message 3 for first node access, etc. According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node may include, for example, an electronic tag, and the second node may include, for example, a reader, a base station, a user equipment (UE), a relay node, and other apparatuses and devices that transmit downlink signals to the first node. This will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 17-20.

[0309] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart 1700 for determining resource allocation by a second node according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0310] Referring to FIG. 17, in some embodiments, when the second node is a user equipment (UE), downlink transmissions to the first node are transmitted in the uplink frequency band. Since the user equipment does not know the usage of the uplink frequency band, as shown in FIG. 17, in step 1710, the second node needs to obtain the interference information of the communication signal in the frequency band where the downlink signal of the first node is located or directly obtain the frequency resource information used for transmitting the downlink signal by receiving the second configuration information of the base station. For example, the base station uses 1 bit in the second configuration information to indicate that the interference strength of the communication signal in the frequency band where the downlink signal of the first node is located exceeds a certain threshold (for example, the first threshold) or to indicate to use two frequency resources (first frequency resource and second frequency resource, such as A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource) to transmit downlink signals. As shown in FIG. 17, in step 1720, the second node determines the frequency resource for transmitting the downlink signal based on the second configuration information and the information of the band-pass filters of the first node. Preferably, the first node has only one band-pass filter. The second node transmits downlink signals on corresponding frequency resources. The first node with one band-pass filter has a lower cost and does not need to signal the band-pass filter that needs to be used, so the signaling overhead is also lower. Alternatively, when the first node has multiple band-pass filters, the second node selects a frequency resource corresponding to one of the band-pass filters to transmit a downlink signal, and notifies the frequency resource used by the first node through downlink signaling. Alternatively, the selection method may be random selection, or selecting frequency resources with better channel conditions based on channel measurement results. The first node with multiple band-pass filters supports receiving downlink signals on multiple frequency resources, which can better withstand frequency selective fading of the channel.

[0311] FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart 1800 for determining resource allocation by a second node according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 18, in some embodiments, at least one bit in the identity identification information of the first node indicates the information of whether the first node contains the band-pass filters and / or frequency information of the band-pass filters. The second node determines whether the first node supports one or more aspects of the method performed by the first node according to the embodiment of the present disclosure based on the identity identification information of the first node, and then determines the resources used to transmit downlink transmissions to the first node accordingly. For example, as shown in Figure 18, in step 1810, the second node determines whether the first node supports the use of two frequency resources (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource) for downlink transmission based on the identity identification information of the first node, and in step 1820, the second node can determine the resources used to transmit downlink transmissions to the first node based on this determination. For example, when the first node has only one band-pass filter, or different first nodes all have the same frequency and the same number of band-pass filters, whether the node contains a band-pass filter may be indicated by 1 bit in the identity identification information. The beneficial effect of this design is that signaling overhead can be reduced, and whether the first node can be equipped with multiple frequency resources (such as first frequency resource and second frequency resource) to prevent interference can be determined without reporting by the first node. Alternatively, multiple first nodes may have band-pass filters with different frequencies and / or different numbers, and the information of whether the band-pass filter is supported and / or the band-pass filter frequency information may is indicated by at least one bit in the identity identification information. For example, bit "00" of specific bits in the identity identification information indicates that there is no band-pass filter, bit "01" indicates that the band-pass filter frequency is f1 respectively, and bit "10" indicates that the band-pass filter frequencies are f2 and f3 respectively, and bit "11" indicates that the band-pass filter frequencies are f1, f2, and f3 respectively. The embodiment shown in FIG. 18 can support first nodes of different costs.

[0313] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart 1900 for determining resource allocation by a second node according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0314] Referring to FIG. 19, in some embodiments, the second node determines the frequency resource for transmitting downlink transmission to the first node based on the interference strength of the communication signal in the frequency band where the downlink signal of the first node is located. For example, when the second node is a base station, downlink transmissions are transmitted to the first node in the downlink frequency band. As shown in FIG. 19, since the base station knows the scheduling situation of the downlink frequency band, in step 1910, the base station can calculate the interference strength of the communication signal in the frequency band where the downlink signal of the first node is located. In step 1920, the second node determines whether the interference strength exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., the first threshold). If the interference strength exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., the first threshold), in step 1930, the second node transmits the first configuration information to the first node, instructing the first node to report, for example, instructing the first node to report whether the first node supports transmitting downlink transmission to the first node using the resource allocation methods described according to embodiments in the present disclosure (e.g. using two frequency resources (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource) for downlink transmission) or instructing to transmit downlink transmission to the first node using the resource allocation methods described according to embodiments in the present disclosure (e.g. using two frequency resources (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource) for downlink transmission). If the interference strength does not exceed a certain threshold, in step 1940, the second node (e.g., base station) does not transmit the first configuration information.

[0315] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart 2000 for determining resource allocation by a second node in accordance with example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0316] Referring to FIG. 20, in some embodiments, in step 2010, the second node receives an uplink transmission from the first node, the uplink transmission indicating that the interference intensity detected by the first node exceeds a threshold and / or that the first node supports the resource allocation methods described according to embodiments in the present disclosure (e.g. using two frequency resources (e.g. A-IoT positive frequency resource and A-IoT negative frequency resource) for downlink transmission), and in step 2020, the second node determines the resources to transmit the downlink transmission to the first node based on the uplink transmission. For example, when the first node receives paging information or inventory commands and detects that the interference intensity of the paging message or inventory commands exceeds the threshold, it can report that the interference intensity is too large in the message 2 or message 4 of the uplink transmission in the random access stage or uplink transmission in the data transmission stage. The downlink signal may also be message 1 or message 3 for access, and it can report that the interference intensity is too large in the message 2 or message 4 of the uplink transmission in the random access stage or uplink transmission in the data transmission stage, indicating possible subsequent downlink transmissions to use anti-interference resource allocation methods. When the first node needs to receive multiple downlink transmissions within a period of time, it can transmit uplink information reporting that the interference intensity is too large after the previous reception, indicating the subsequent downlink transmissions to use anti-interference resource allocation methods.

[0317] According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, features related to 2N subcarriers as described in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 are further described. In particular, in connection with one or more aspects of the methods described according to example embodiments of the disclosure, the determination of the 2N subcarriers in the resource mapping as described in FIGS. 8 and 9 is associated with at least one of: indices of the 2N subcarriers are related to a center frequency of a band-pass filter of the first node, wherein the second node determines the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node based on reporting information of the first node; an index of a reference subcarrier, wherein the reference subcarrier is a subcarrier with a smallest index or a subcarrier with a largest index among the 2N subcarriers or a subcarrier at a specific position. The reference subcarrier is determined based on at least one of the following information: predefined; second configuration information from a base station or a core network. In some embodiments, the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node is determined based on reporting information transmitted by the first node, where the reporting information indicates frequency information of the band-pass filter of the first node.

[0318] In some implementations, the first node may receive a paging message. For example, the first node may receive a paging message from the second node. The paging message may be used to confirm or indicate at least one of the following information: whether to communicate with the second node in response to the paging message, whether downlink transmission uses frequency division, and the center frequency and / or bandwidth of the frequency resource of downlink frequency division transmission; receiving a downlink transmission (e.g., an IoT downlink transmission). For example, the downlink transmission may be a transmission from the second node to the first node, such as a Reader to Devices (R2D) transmission.

[0319] In some embodiments, the paging message received by the first node may include a first parameter, and the first node determines whether subsequent communications transmit downlink signals in frequency division multiplexing based on the first parameter. For example, the paging message is transmitted in a non-frequency division multiplexing manner. Further, when the first parameter indicates that frequency division multiplexing is not used to transmit downlink signals in subsequent communications, the first node that needs to communicate with the second node is the first node indicated by the paging message or the first node not including band-pass filters among the first nodes indicated by the paging message (for example, it can be indicated by carrying the identification information of one or more nodes in the paging message); when the first parameter indicates that frequency division multiplexing is used to transmit downlink signals in subsequent communications, the first node that needs to communicate with the second node is the first node including band-pass filters among the first nodes indicated by the paging message. Alternatively, only nodes including band-pass filters may be instructed in the paging message to communicate. For example, the first node receives a paging message that includes a second parameter indicating a type of the first node that needs to communicate with the second node. The type of the first node that needs to communicate with the second node may be indicated by different bit values of the second parameter (all types (whether including band-pass filters or not), the first node including band-pass filters, or the first node not including band-pass filters). For example, the bit value '00' of the second parameter indicates that the first node that needs to communicate with the second node is all types of first nodes among the first nodes indicated by the paging message; the bit value '01' of the second parameter indicates that the type of the first node that needs to communicate with the second node is the first node whose receiver does not include band-pass filters among the first nodes indicated by the paging message; the bit value '10' of the second parameter indicates that the type of the first node that needs to communicate with the second node is the first node whose receiver includes band-pass filters among the first nodes indicated by the paging message. The advantageous effect of this design is that when the first node that needs to communicate includes both the first node that includes band-pass filters and the first node that does not include band-pass filters, the second node can limit the first node that responds to the page to the first node that includes band-pass filters (for example, only for the first node that includes band-pass filters), thereby facilitating the use of downlink frequency division multiplexing to improve transmission efficiency.

[0320] In some embodiments, when the paging message received by the first node indicates that the frequency division multiplexing method is used to transmit downlink signals in subsequent communications, the paging message also includes a third parameter, and the first node determines the frequency resources used for downlink transmission based on the third parameter. Such a design is suitable for scenarios where the first node has multiple band-pass filters with different frequencies and does not require random access. The random access step can be skipped to reduce the communication delay between the first node and the second node. Alternatively, the method in which the first node determines the frequency resources and / or bandwidth used for its downlink transmission may be based on at least one bit in its identity identification information. For example, the first node receives a paging message indicating that the frequency resource used for downlink transmission is indicated through the last bit information in the identity identification information of the first node. When the last bit information in the identity identification information of the first node is '0', it indicates that the first frequency and / or the first bandwidth is used for downlink transmission. When the last bit information in the identity identification information is '1', it indicates that the second frequency and / or the second bandwidth is used for downlink transmission. The beneficial effect of such a design can be applied to the situation in which the identity identification information of multiple first nodes that need to be frequency division multiplexed is a continuous or close sequence, and in this way, the second node only needs to indicate a few bits in the identity identification to instruct the corresponding first node to respond. For example, when the identity identification information of the two first nodes is '1000' and '1001' respectively, the second node can instruct the first node whose first three bits in the identity identification information are '100' to respond, and determine the frequency information of downlink frequency division multiplexing based on the last bit of the identity identification information. Alternatively, the way in which the first node determines the frequency resources used for its downlink transmission may be based on the order (for example, position) of the identity identification information of the first node in the paging message. For example, if the paging message includes identity identification information of multiple first nodes (for example, a list of identity identification information of multiple first nodes), then the first node determines the frequency resources used by its downlink transmission based on the order (e.g. position) of its identity identification information among the multiple identity identification information (for example, a list of multiple identity identification information). For example, when the identity identification information of the first node is the first identity identification information among the multiple identity identification information (for example, a list of multiple identity identification information), the first node is instructed to use a first frequency and / or a first bandwidth for downlink transmission, and when the identity identification information of the first node is the second identity identification information among the multiple identity identification information (for example, a list of multiple identity identification information), the first node is instructed to use a second frequency and / or a second bandwidth for downlink transmission, and so on. This method can be applied to situations where the identity identification information of multiple first nodes that need to be frequency division multiplexed differs greatly.

[0321] In some embodiments, when the first node determines that downlink transmissions transmitted to it use frequency division multiplexing (for example, according to at least one of the above methods), the first node can determine the frequency information of the band-pass filter it uses when receiving downlink messages of frequency division transmission according to its grouping information. The grouping information may be predefined (e.g., fixed) or obtained according to downlink configuration information. Such a design can be suitable for scenarios where the first node has multiple band-pass filters at different frequencies and does not require random access; for example, the latency of communication between the first node and the second node can be reduced by skipping the random access step. Such a design may also be applicable to scenarios where multiple first nodes have band-pass filters with different frequencies. For example, the second node needs to transmit downlink transmission to two first nodes. In the case of non-frequency division multiplexing, the second node needs to transmit downlink transmission to the two nodes respectively, which results in a large delay. When both first nodes have band-pass filters, and the two first nodes belong to group 1 and group 2 respectively, the second node can instruct the two nodes to participate in communication through a paging message. After receiving the paging message using the one-stage envelope detection structure (for example, the first envelope detector 1302 in FIG. 13), the two first nodes respectively switch the switch (for example, the switch 1303 in FIG. 13) to the band-pass filter corresponding to group 1 and the band-pass filter corresponding to group 2, and receive the downlink transmission transmitted by the second node in a frequency division multiplexing manner. Alternatively, the paging message may contain grouping information that needs to be communicated. In this way, the second node can select appropriate packets for communication based on the available frequency domain resources.

[0322] In some embodiments, the first node may determine the frequency resources of downlink frequency division multiplexing based on the correlation between the resources of uplink transmission and the resources of downlink frequency division multiplexing. For example, the first node receives the first message, determines a time unit for uplink transmission or receiving downlink transmission based on the first message, transmits the uplink transmission of the random access within the time unit, and determines the center frequency and / or bandwidth of the frequency resources used for subsequent reception of downlink transmissions according to the resources used for the uplink transmission in the random access. Wherein, the correspondence between the uplink transmission resources and the downlink frequency division multiplexing resources is predefined. Alternatively, the downlink transmission may include a downlink transmission in a random access, e.g., an acknowledgement (ACK) message in an RFID inventory procedure, and / or a downlink data transmission, e.g., an R2D transmission. For multiple first nodes communicating within the same time unit, they use different uplink resources for uplink multiplexing transmission, and determine downlink frequency division multiplexing resources based on the uplink transmission resources they use. Alternatively, the method for the first node to determine the uplink resources can be random selection, or it can be determined based on a certain rule, for example, based on the identity identification information of the first node. In this way, for scenarios where the first node has multiple band-pass filters of different frequencies, the second node does not need to indicate the frequency domain resources used for downlink transmission to the first node through specific signaling, thereby saving signaling overhead.

[0323] FIG. 26 illustrates a signaling / data interaction diagram for communication between a reader and two tags according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first node may determine whether the downlink transmission is frequency division multiplexed and / or frequency resources of the downlink frequency division multiplexing based on the downlink transmission acknowledgment in random access. For example, the first node receives the first message, determines a time unit for uplink transmission or receiving downlink transmission based on the first message, transmits the uplink transmission of the random access within the time unit, and receive the downlink transmission in the random access (for example, an ACK message in the RFID inventory procedure), determines the downlink frequency domain resources used by the subsequent R2D transmission based on the time sequence of receiving the downlink transmission in the random access or according to the indication information in the downlink transmission in the random access, switches the reception link to the band-pass filter associated with the downlink frequency division multiplexing resources, and receives the subsequent downlink transmission. Alternatively, the first node may determine whether subsequent downlink transmission adopts frequency division multiple access for transmission based on the ACK information. For example, when the first node receives multiple ACK information for different first nodes, it considers that subsequent downlink transmission adopts frequency division multiple access. For example, the first node may determine that subsequent downlink transmission adopts frequency division multiple access based on the 1-bit information in the ACK information. In this way, whether to perform downlink frequency division multiple access and / or the number of users for downlink frequency division multiple access can be determined based on the access detection situation of the first node. Specifically, FIG. 26 illustrates a signaling / data interaction diagram for communication between a reader and two tags according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, the two first nodes can be tag1 and tag2 respectively, and the second node can be a reader. According to the example embodiment of the present disclosure, the reader can send paging messages based on the first resource mapping method to tag1 and tag2 respectively. Tag1 and tag2 can determine the time unit for uplink transmission based on the received paging message, and send the uplink transmission of random access in the time unit respectively. For example, tag1 and tag2 can send the uplink random access based on time division multiplexing (TDM) in the time unit respectively. In addition, tag1 and tag2 can receive downlink transmission in random access, for example, tag1 and tag2 can receive a ACK message including FDM frequency indication information respectively. After receiving the ACK message, tag 1 and tag 2 can switch the receiver to the indicated baseband band-pass filter based on the indication information in the ACK message respectively.

[0324] In some embodiments, for example, the first node may receive the first message and determine a time unit for uplink transmission or receiving downlink transmission according to the first message. When the time units determined by multiple first nodes are the same time unit, the first nodes may determine resources for uplink transmission based on the frequency information of the band-pass filters. Wherein, the correspondence between the uplink transmission resources and the downlink frequency division multiplexing resources is predefined. For example, when the uplink transmission adopts frequency division multiplexing, the two first nodes respectively use the first frequency and the second frequency to perform uplink frequency division transmission simultaneously, and receive downlink information in a frequency division manner, then the first node using the first frequency for uplink transmission uses the third frequency to receive downlink information, and the first node using the second frequency for uplink transmission uses the fourth frequency to receive downlink information, where the correspondence between the uplink and downlink frequencies can be given by a table. The uplink transmission resources include but are not limited to time domain resources, frequency domain resources, or code domain resources. The first node uses the determined uplink transmission resource to transmit the uplink transmission in the random access, then switches the reception link to the band-pass filter associated with the uplink transmission resources, and receives the downlink transmission in the random access such as ACK information and / or subsequent R2D transmission. Such a design may be suitable for scenarios where the first node has only one band-pass filter, and multiple first nodes have band-pass filters of different frequencies. A first node with only one band-pass filter has a lower cost than a node with multiple band-pass filters.

[0325] In some embodiments, for example, at least one bit in the identity identification information of the first node may indicate whether it contains band-pass filters and frequency information of the band-pass filters. Alternatively, multiple first nodes may have band-pass filters with different frequencies and / or different numbers and / or different bandwidths, and the information of whether the band-pass filter is supported and / or frequency information and / or bandwidth information of the band-pass filters is indicated by at least one bit in the identity identification information. For example, a bit value of '00' of specific bits (e.g., the first two bits or the last two bits) in the identity identification information indicates that there is no band-pass filter, a bit value of '01' indicates that the band-pass filter frequency and / or bandwidth is a first frequency and / or a first bandwidth, and a bit value of '10' indicates that the band-pass filter frequency is a second frequency and / or a second bandwidth, respectively. In this way, first nodes of different costs can be supported.

[0326] FIG. 21 illustrates a method 2100 performed by a second node in a communication system, according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0327] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method performed by a second node in a communication system is provided. As shown in FIG. 21, the method includes, in step 2110, the second node may perform resource mapping based on a first sequence, wherein, the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer. For example, in some embodiments, the second node may map the first sequence to a first frequency resource (e.g., A-loT positive frequency resource) and a second frequency resource (e.g., A-loT negative frequency resource) within the system bandwidth. Wherein, a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.

[0328] As shown in the method shown in FIG. 21, in step 2120, the second node may generate a baseband signal based on the mapping result, and transmit the first signal based on the baseband signal. For example, the second node may transmit the first signal to the first node.

[0329] According to some aspects of the disclosure, in the method as shown in FIG. 21, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to the first frequency resource for the first node and the second frequency resource for the first node, wherein the distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to the distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a distance between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary may refer to, for example, the interval between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary, or the offset of the subcarrier with respect to the frequency boundary, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0330] According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node may be, for example, an electronic tag, including but not limited to RFID tags, PIoT tags, A-loT tags, etc., functioning similarly to a terminal in a communication system. The second node may be a reader, including but not limited to a radio frequency identification apparatus, a reading apparatus, a scanner, a communicator, a reader-writer, etc., functioning similarly to a base station in a communication system. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the second node may also be a base station or a user equipment UE. According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first signal may be a downlink signal and may include, for example, a modulated signal for the reader to transmit control signaling and data to the electronic tag, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Through the method shown in FIG. 21, after the envelope detection of the first node, the first signal transmitted by the second node no longer appears at the zero frequency where the interference component is concentrated, but appears at non-zero frequency positions, thereby reducing the interference suffered by the first signal and facilitating the reception of the first signal.

[0331] FIG. 22 illustrates a method 2200 performed by a first node in a communication system, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0332] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method performed by a first node in a communication system is provided. As shown in FIG. 22, in step 2210, the first node may determine frequency resources for a first communication from the second node to the first node.

[0333] In some embodiments, the frequency resources for the first communication may include a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the distance between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary may refer to, for example, the interval between the subcarrier and the frequency boundary, or the offset of the subcarrier with respect to the frequency boundary, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0334] In step 2220, the first node may receive a first signal based on the mapping result from the second node in the frequency resources used for the first communication.

[0335] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, the mapping result may be obtained by resource mapping based on the first sequence of the first signal, the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer. For each element in the first sequence, the element may be mapped to a first frequency resource and a second frequency resource.

[0336] According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the first node may be, for example, an electronic tag, including but not limited to RFID tags, PIoT tags, A-loT tags, etc., functioning similarly to a terminal in a communication system. The second node may be a reader, including but not limited to a radio frequency identification apparatus, a reading apparatus, a scanner, a communicator, a reader-writer, etc., functioning similarly to a base station in a communication system. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the second node may also be a base station, a user equipment UE, a relay node, or other apparatuses and devices that transmit downlink signals to the first node. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal may be a downlink signal, and may include, for example, a modulated signal for the reader to transmit control signaling and data to the electronic tag, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Through the method shown in FIG. 22, after envelope detection, the first signal received by the first node no longer appears at the zero frequency where the interference component is concentrated, but appears at non-zero frequency positions, thereby reducing the interference suffered by the first signal and facilitating the reception of the first signal.

[0337] FIG. 23 shows a block diagram of the structure of a first node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the first node may be an A-IoT device, a passive IoT device, a radio frequency tag, a terminal / UE with passive IoT / A-IoT functionality, etc.

[0338] The first node includes a transceiver 2310, a controller 2320, and a memory 2330. The controller 2320 may refer to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or at least one processor. The transceiver 2310, the controller 2320, and the memory 2330 are configured to perform the operations described above that can be performed by a communication device. Although the transceiver 2310, the controller 2320 and the memory 2330 are shown as separate entities, they may be implemented as a single entity, such as a single chip. Alternatively, the transceiver 2310, the controller 2320, and the memory 2330 may be electrically connected or coupled to each other.

[0339] The transceiver 2310 can transmit and receive signals to and from other communication devices.

[0340] The controller 2320 may control the first node to perform functions according to one of the various exemplary embodiments described above.

[0341] In some exemplary embodiments, the operations of the first node may be implemented using a memory 2330 storing corresponding program codes. Specifically, the first node may be provided with a memory 2330 to store program codes implementing desired operations. In order to perform desired operations, the controller 2320 may read and execute program codes stored in the memory 2330 by using at least one processor or central processing unit (CPU).

[0342] FIG. 24 shows a block diagram of the structure of a second node according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the second node may be a reader device, a receiver, a relay node, a tag receiver, a tag receiver node, a passive IoT reader, an A-IoT reader, or a UE or network device (e.g., NR UE / NR base station) equipped with an IoT reader functional entity, etc.

[0343] Referring to FIG. 24, the second node includes a transceiver 2410, a controller 2420, and a memory 2430. The controller 2420 may refer to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or at least one processor. Transceiver 2410, controller 2420, and memory 2430 are configured to perform the operations described above that can be performed by the communication device. Although the transceiver 2410, the controller 2420 and the memory 2430 are shown as separate entities, they may be implemented as a single entity, such as a single chip. Alternatively, the transceiver 2410, the controller 2420, and the memory 2430 may be electrically connected or coupled to each other.

[0344] The transceiver 2410 can transmit and receive signals to and from other communication devices.

[0345] The controller 2420 may control the second node to perform functions according to one of the various exemplary embodiments described above.

[0346] In some exemplary embodiments, the operations of the second node may be implemented using a memory 2430 storing corresponding program codes. Specifically, the second node may be provided with a memory 2430 to store program codes implementing desired operations. To perform desired operations, the controller 2420 may read and execute program codes stored in the memory 2430 by using at least one processor or central processing unit (CPU).

[0347] Example embodiments of the present disclosure aim to propose a downlink information transmission method for the interference suffered by the downlink signal of the electronic tag. In this method, the baseband signal of the downlink signal is mapped to two parts of resources that are symmetrical about the center frequency of the system. Through the proposed mapping method, the downlink signal of the electronic tag no longer appears at the zero frequency where the interference component is concentrated after envelope detection, but appears at a non-zero frequency positions, thereby reducing the interference suffered by the downlink signal, and facilitating reception of the downlink signal. In addition, example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a frequency division multiplexing downlink transmission method suitable for A-IoT or P-IoT. The method can support downlink transmission of frequency division multiplexing for multiple first nodes (electronic tags), thereby effectively increasing the data transmission rate.

[0348] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above illustrative embodiments are described herein and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that any two or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination. Additionally, other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the invention of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.

[0349] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as computer-readable codes embodied on a computer-readable recording medium from a specific perspective. A computer-readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data readable by a computer system. Examples of the computer-readable recording medium may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, carrier waves (e.g., data transmission via the Internet), and the like. The computer-readable recording medium can be distributed over computer systems connected via a network and thus the computer-readable code can be stored and executed in a distributed fashion. Also, functional programs, codes, and code segments for implementing various embodiments of the present disclosure may be easily explained by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applied.

[0350] It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software. The software may be stored as program instructions or computer readable code executable on a processor on a non-transitory computer readable medium. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable recording media include magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, etc.) and optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROM, digital video disk (DVD), etc.). The non-transitory computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. The medium can be read by a computer, stored in memory, and executed by a processor. Various embodiments may be implemented by a computer or a portable terminal including a controller and a memory, and the memory may be an example of a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium adapted to store program (s) having instructions implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure. The present disclosure may be implemented by a program having codes for embodying the apparatuses and methods described in the claims, the program being stored in a machine (or computer) readable storage medium. The program may be carried electronically on any medium, such as a communication signal transmitted via a wired or wireless connection, and the present disclosure suitably includes its equivalents.

[0351] The example embodiments described herein are not meant to be limiting. The aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein. Further, the features illustrated in each of the figures may be used In connection with each other unless context dictates otherwise. Thus, the drawings should be generally viewed as component parts of one or more overall embodiments, with the understanding that not all illustrated features are necessary for each embodiment.

[0352] What has been described above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can make various changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure. These changes or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1.A method performed by a second node in a communication system, comprising:performing resource mapping based on a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer; andgenerating a baseband signal based on a mapping result, and transmit a first signal to a first node based on the baseband signal;wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.2.The method of claim 1, wherein performing resource mapping based on the first sequence comprises:performing resource mapping based on the first sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers, andwherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to one first subcarrier of the first frequency resource and one second subcarrier of the second frequency resource, and wherein a distance between the one first subcarrier and the upper frequency boundary of the system bandwidth is the same as a distance between the one second subcarrier and the lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.3.The method of claim 2, wherein performing resource mapping based on the first sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises:performing resource mapping based on a second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers;wherein the second sequence comprises a third sequence and a fourth sequence concatenated with each other, and wherein the third sequence and the fourth sequence are based on the first sequence and have a same length as the first sequence; andwherein, for each element in the third sequence, the element is mapped to the one first subcarrier, and for each element in the fourth sequence, the element is mapped to the one second subcarrier.4.The method of claim 3, wherein performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises:mapping an i-th element of the third sequence and an i-th element of the fourth sequence to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, where i is an integer from 1 to N;wherein the first to Nth elements of the third sequence and the first to Nth elements of the fourth sequence are respectively the same as one of the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1.5.The method of claim 3, wherein performing resource mapping based on the second sequence to obtain the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers comprises:mapping an i-th element of the third sequence and an N-i+l-th element of the fourth sequence to the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier, respectively, i being an integer from 1 to N;wherein the first to Nth elements of the third sequence are the same as the first sequence or the first sequence multiplied by -1, and the first to Nth elements of the fourth sequence are the same as the reversed order of the first sequence or the reversed order of the first sequence multiplied by -1.6.The method of claim 2, wherein:indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to a center frequency of a band-pass filter of the first node; and / orthe indices of the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier are related to an index of a reference subcarrier;wherein the reference subcarrier includes at least one of:a subcarrier with a smallest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier;a subcarrier with a largest subcarrier index among the one first subcarrier and the one second subcarrier; ora subcarrier at a specific position.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising:determining the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node based on first information from the first node, wherein the first information indicates frequency information of band-pass filters of the first node; ordetermining the center frequency of the band-pass filter of the first node based on identity identification information of the first node, at least one bit in the identity identification information indicating a center frequency of at least one band-pass filter of the first node.8.The method of claim 6, wherein:the reference subcarrier is predefined; orthe reference subcarrier is determined by first configuration information from a third node.9.The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting a second information,wherein the second information comprises at least one of:first indication information to indicate whether to transmit the first signal based on the mapping result corresponding to 2N subcarriers,second indication information to indicate index information of the 2N subcarriers, andthird indication information to indicate the first node to transmit first information,wherein the first information indicates at least one of:whether the first node has band-pass filters;information on a number of the band-pass filters of the first node; andfrequency information of the band-pass filters of the first node.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the first node is allocated N subcarriers in the case that a first condition is met, where N is a length of the first sequence of the first signal, andin the case that the first condition is not met, the first node is allocated 2N subcarriers,wherein the first condition is one of the following conditions:an interference signal strength measured by the second node is less than or equal to a first threshold;first configuration information from a third node, the first configuration information indicating mapping the first signal to N subcarriers; andthird information from the first node, the third information relating to a second signal, wherein the second signal is a signal mapped to N subcarriers received by the first node before the first signal.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the second signal comprises at least one of:a reader-to-device channel (PRDCH),a paging message,an inventory command, andmessage 1 or message 3 for access of the first node.12.A method performed by a first node in a communication system, the method comprising:determining frequency resources for a first communication from a second node to the first node, wherein the frequency resources for the first communication comprise a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth; andreceiving a first signal based on a mapping result from the second node in the frequency resources used for the first communication, wherein the mapping result is obtained by resource mapping based on a first sequence of the first signal, the first sequence having a length of N, and N being a positive integer,wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.13.A second node in a communication system, the second node comprising:a transceiver configured to transmit or receive signals; anda controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:perform resource mapping based on a first sequence, where the length of the first sequence is N, and N is a positive integer. andgenerate a baseband signal based on a mapping result, and transmit a first signal to a first node based on the baseband signal,wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth.14.A first node in a communication system, the first node comprising:a transceiver configured to transmit or receive signals; anda controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:determine frequency resources for a first communication from a second node to the first node, wherein the frequency resources for the first communication comprise a first frequency resource for the first node and a second frequency resource for the first node, wherein a distance between the first frequency resource and an upper frequency boundary of a system bandwidth is equal to a distance between the second frequency resource and a lower frequency boundary of the system bandwidth, andreceive, via the transceiver, a first signal based on a mapping result from the second node in the frequency resources used for the first communication, wherein the mapping result is obtained by resource mapping based on a first sequence of the first signal, the first sequence having a length of N, and N being a positive integer,wherein, for each element in the first sequence, the element is mapped to the first frequency resource and the second frequency resource.

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