Method and device for determining whether to use positioning information in sensing operation

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication and a device supporting same are provided. This first device may: acquire response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; acquire information related to a remaining response time on the basis of the response time information and the request information; and transmit the information related to the remaining response time.

Description

Method and device for determining whether to utilize positioning information in sensing operation

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided in which a first device performs communication. The method may include: a step in which the first device obtains response time information related to positioning information; a step in which the first device receives request information related to the positioning information; a step in which the first device obtains information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and a step in which the first device transmits information related to the remaining response time.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform communication is provided. The first device comprises at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; acquire information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; acquire information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium is provided for recording instructions. When the instructions are executed, the first device may: acquire response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; acquire information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 shows the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 shows the main sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows a functional framework for AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIGS. 12a and 12b illustrate the overall procedure of an NR Multi-RTT (Multi-RTT) method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a general procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when a positioning operation is completed, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates an approximate procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information before performing a positioning operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates an approximate procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information during a positioning operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates an approximate procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information during a positioning information transmission operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a case in which the sum of the remaining response time value and the sensing operation time value satisfies the sensing service response time condition according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a case in which the sum of the remaining response time value and the sensing operation time value does not meet the sensing service response time condition according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates an approximate procedure for a case where a positioning information request is received during a positioning operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and it is necessary to consider the expected positioning time.

[0028] FIG. 20 illustrates a procedure for transmitting remaining response time information related to a positioning procedure for a sensing service according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 24 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 25 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 26 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 27 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0037] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0038] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0039] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0040] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0041] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0042] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0043] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0044] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaled control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0045] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0046] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0047] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0050] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0051] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0052] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0053] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0054] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0056] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device). For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0057] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0058] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0059] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0060] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0061] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0062] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0063] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0065] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0066] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0067] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0068] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0069] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0070] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0072] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0073] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0074] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0076] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0077] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0078] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0079] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0080] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0081] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0082] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0083] - Optical wireless technology

[0084] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0085] - Quantum communication

[0086] - Cell-free communication

[0087] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0088] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0089] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0090] - Big data analysis

[0091] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0092] - Metaverse

[0093] - blockchain

[0094] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0095] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0096] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0097] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0098] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0099] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0101] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to an object via a device within the network, they can provide services for object location determination without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0102] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0103] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, at the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered or reflected signal, and a sensing result may be generated or obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking of objects and / or environments, etc.) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0104] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing receiver or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object within the environment from the sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than that of a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be a sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing where there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is below or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is above or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0105] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. For example, this can be obtained based on Equation 1.

[0106]

[0107] Here, for example, target channel H target It may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background It may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0108] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it can often be referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target can be detected more easily. For example, in radar sensor measurements, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, received power may be based on the target's RCS, among other factors. For example, received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the target's RCS may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0109] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0110] Referring to Fig. 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 2.

[0111]

[0112] Here, for example, P TX can be transmitter power [W], and G TXε₀ can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX can be the power [W] that the EUTT receives back from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff It can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0113]

[0114] Here, for example, G RX λ can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0115] For example, if a transmitter and a receiver are placed together and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as Equation 4.

[0116]

[0117] Here, for example, P TX ε₀ can be transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX ≠ Power [W] received back from the object by the EUT.

[0118] In the present disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0119] For example, the "PRS" or "SL PRS" below can be interpreted / applied by replacing it with "sensing signal" or "sensing RS (reference signal)".

[0120] - LMF: Location management function

[0121] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE

[0122] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF

[0123] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the UE

[0124] - SL positioning controlled by a base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station

[0125] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE

[0126] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the base station / LMF

[0127] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0128] - T-UE(Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0129] - S-UE (Server UE): A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0130] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0131] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0132] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0133] - SL PRS: Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0134] - CCH: control channel

[0135] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE, which contains information about the set of preferred resources suitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE, and / or information about the set of non-preferred resources not suitable for transmission.

[0136] - Sensing RS (reference signal): A reference signal used for measurements for sensing purposes

[0137] - BS-BS Sensing: BS-BS sensing may refer to a sensing operation where BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS bi-static sensing operation. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, it may refer to a BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0138] - BS-UE Sensing: BS-UE sensing may refer to a sensing operation in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0139] - UE-BS Sensing: UE-BS sensing may refer to sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0140] - UE-UE Sensing: UE-UE sensing may refer to sensing where UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, it may refer to a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0141] - Sensing signal: For example, a sensing signal may represent a reference signal transmitted and / or received for sensing. For example, a sensing signal may be utilized for sensing purposes in a 3GPP wireless environment.

[0142] - Sensing transmitter: For example, a sensing transmitter can represent an entity that transmits a sensing signal. For example, a sensing transmitter may be an entity that transmits a sensing signal used in a sensing service operation.

[0143] - Sensing receiver: For example, a sensing receiver may represent an entity that receives a sensing signal. For example, a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives a sensing signal used in a sensing service. For example, a sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. For example, a sensing receiver may be located on the same or a different entity as the sensing transmitter.

[0144] - Sensing server (e.g., SF (Sensing function) or SMF (Sensing management function)): For example, a sensing server may represent a server that controls a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver and / or governs sensing operations / procedures. For example, the operations performed by the sensing server in sensing may be similar to the operations performed by the LMF (Location management function) in positioning.

[0145] - Target object (TO): For example, the target object can represent the object to be detected through sensing.

[0146] - Target Sensing Area (TSA): For example, the target sensing area can represent the area where objects are to be detected through sensing.

[0147] - Moving TSA: For example, Moving TSA can represent a case where the target sensing area moves according to the target's mobility from the perspective of the sensing transmitter.

[0148] For example, a method in which a UE directly calculates its own position can be called “UE-based.”

[0149] For example, a Transmission Point (TP) may be a set of transmission antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point. For example, a transmission point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more transmission points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to a cell.

[0150] For example, a reception point (RP) may be a set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or an uplink SRS-only reception point. For example, a reception point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of an uplink SRS-only reception point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more reception points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to a cell.

[0151] For example, a PRS-only transmission point (PRS-only TP) may be a transmission point that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based TBS positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0152] For example, a transmission-reception point (TRP) may be a set of antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location where transmission point and / or reception point functions are supported.

[0153] For example, an SRS-only receiving point (SRS-only RP) may be a receiving point that receives only SRS signals for uplink-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0154] For example, in the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced with the same entity.

[0155] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information.

[0156] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0157] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0158] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0159] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0160] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0161] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0162] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources consisting of the following information.

[0163] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0164] - SL PRS Comb Size: The interval between REs transmitted within a symbol for SL PRS.

[0165] - SL PRS Comb Offset: The RE index where the SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is first transmitted.

[0166] - SL PRS Comb Cyclic Shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS

[0167] - SL PRS start position: Index of the first symbol transmitting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0168] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols constituting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0169] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain where the SL PRS is transmitted

[0170] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0171] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0172] - SL PRS Periodicity: The period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, physical, or the unit of a logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0173] - SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots within the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0174] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0175] - SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0176] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource locations, etc.

[0177] FIG. 10 illustrates a major sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0178] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 10, for example, support scenarios for sensing services in ISAC may be as follows. For example, the six major sensing modes supported by ISAC may be as follows.

[0179] - gNB monostatic (gNB mono-static, e.g., the same gNB provides both Tx and Rx)

[0180] - gNB bistatic (gNB bi-static, e.g., one gNB is Tx and the other gNB is Rx)

[0181] - Bistatic from gNB to UE (gNB-to-UE bi-static, e.g., gNB is Tx and UE is Rx)

[0182] - Bistatic from UE to gNB (UE-to-gNB bi-static, e.g., UE is Tx and gNB is Rx)

[0183] - UE Monostatic (UE mono-static, e.g., the same UE provides both Tx and Rx)

[0184] - UE bi-static (UE bi-static, e.g., one UE Tx and the other UE Rx)

[0185] For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be solutions that can be extended and applied to all six sensing scenarios.

[0186] For example, the symbols / abbreviations / terms used in the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0187] - Sensing Device: For example, the sensing device may refer to the UE and / or TRP.

[0188] - Sensing Function (SF): For example, a sensing function may refer to a network entity that controls and manages the sensing procedures of a UE or TRP within an ISAC. For example, the SF can receive reports of sensing data collected by the UE or TRP through sensing and store the sensing data. For example, and / or the SF may be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0189] - Non-3GPP Sensing Data: This may refer to non-3GPP sensing data that is not collected through 3GPP communication-based sensing (e.g., camera data, video data and / or data collected through other RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi)-based sensing).

[0190] - 3rd Party Entity: For example, the 3rd Party Entity is a server device operated by a sensing service operator (e.g., a business operator that uses / operates sensing data for a sensing service). It can receive and store sensing data for a sensing service from a sensing device. For example, the 3rd Party Entity may also be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0191] In the present disclosure, for example, the following terms may be defined to describe AI / ML.

[0192] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for ML model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0193] - ML Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies machine learning techniques to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information based on a set of inputs.

[0194] - ML Training: An online or offline process of training an ML model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and acquire an ML model trained for inference.

[0195] - ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and ML models using a trained ML model.

[0196] FIG. 11 illustrates a functional framework for AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0197] Referring to FIG. 11, for example, data collection may be a function that provides input data to model training and model inference functions. AI / ML algorithm-specific data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may not be performed in the data collection function. Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and outputs from AI / ML models.

[0198] For example, training data may be data required as input for the training function of an AI / ML model.

[0199] For example, inference data may be data required as input for the inference function of an AI / ML model.

[0200] For example, model training may be a function that performs ML model training, validation, and testing to generate model performance metrics as part of the model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on training data provided by the data collection function.

[0201] For example, model deployment / update can be used to initially deploy trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the model inference function, or to provide updated models to the model inference function.

[0202] For example, model inference can be a function that provides AI / ML model inference outputs (e.g., predictions or decisions). Where applicable, the model inference function can provide model performance feedback to the model training function. If necessary, the model inference function can also handle data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data provided by the data collection function.

[0203] For example, the output may be the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the model inference function. Note that the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0204] For example, model performance feedback can be used to monitor the performance of AI / ML models.

[0205] For example, an actor can be a function that receives output from a model inference function and triggers or performs the corresponding action. An actor can trigger actions on other entities or on itself.

[0206] For example, feedback may be information that is necessary to derive training or inference data or performance feedback.

[0207] For example, in datasets used in AI / ML, the definitions of training, validation, and test data can be as follows. For instance, training data may be a dataset for training a model. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for validating a model that has already been trained. For instance, validation data is typically used to prevent overfitting of the training dataset. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for selecting the best model among several models trained during the learning process. Therefore, this can be viewed as a type of training. For instance, test data may be a dataset for final evaluation, and test data may be unrelated to training. For instance, regarding the above datasets, if the training set is divided, the training and validation data within the entire training set can typically be split in a ratio of approximately 8:2 or 7:3; if tests are included, the ratio can be split as 6:2:2 (training:validation:test).

[0208] The following describes the process of using positioning information in conventional sensing.

[0209] Meanwhile, the appropriate selection of a sensing transmitter / receiver during ISAC sensing operations can significantly impact sensing performance. For example, when selecting a sensing transmitter / receiver, it may be essential to consider whether the sensing coverage includes the TSA, along with whether the receiver supports the role of the sensing transmitter / receiver. For instance, to this end, the positioning information of the sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.) can be usefully utilized. Additionally, if a Line of Sight (LOS) path exists between the sensing transmitter and the receiver, the LOS component can be utilized in various aspects of the sensing operation and contribute to improving sensing performance. Therefore, for instance, the positioning information of the sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.) can serve as an important factor when selecting an appropriate sensing transmitter / receiver.

[0210] For example, positioning-related standard messages may be defined in the 3GPP TS 37.355 standard. For example, for ease of understanding, the present disclosure may be described based on the DL TDoA method, but this is not a limitation.

[0211] The following describes the operation of delivering positioning reports (e.g., LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) ProvideLocationInformation messages).

[0212] For example, Table 3 may show an example of a positioning report. For example, positioning information of a sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.) may be transmitted to the LMF via a positioning report (e.g., an LPP ProvideLocationInformation message). For example, here, location information may be included in NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation. For example, here, LOS information may be provided via NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation.

[0213] ProvideLocationInformation ::= SEQUENCE {criticalExtensions CHOICE {c1 CHOICE {provideLocationInformation-r9 ProvideLocationInformation-r9-IEs,spare3 NULL, spare2 NULL, spare1 NULL},criticalExtensionsFuture SEQUENCE {}}}ProvideLocationInformation-r9-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {commonIEsProvideLocationInformationCommonIEsProvideLocationInformation OPTIONAL,a-gnss-ProvideLocationInformation A-GNSS-ProvideLocationInformation OPTIONAL,otdoa-ProvideLocationInformation OTDOA-ProvideLocationInformation OPTIONAL,ecid-ProvideLocationInformation ECID-ProvideLocationInformation OPTIONAL,epdu-ProvideLocationInformation EPDU-Sequence OPTIONAL,...,[[sensor-ProvideLocationInformation-r13Sensor-ProvideLocationInformation-r13OPTIONAL,tbs-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 TBS-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 OPTIONAL,wlan-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 WLAN-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 OPTIONAL,bt-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 BT-ProvideLocationInformation-r13 OPTIONAL]],[[ nr-ECID-ProvideLocationInformation-r16NR-ECID-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-Multi-RTT-ProvideLocationInformation-r16NR-Multi-RTT-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-DL-AoD-ProvideLocationInformation-r16NR-DL-AoD-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-DL-TDOA-ProvideLocationInformation-r16NR-DL-TDOA-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 OPTIONAL]]}NR-DL-TDOA-ProvideLocationInformation-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {nr-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16OPTIONAL,nr-dl-tdoa-LocationInformation-r16 NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL,nr-DL-TDOA-Error-r16 NR-DL-TDOA-Error-r16 OPTIONAL,...,[[nr-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInstances-r17SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxMeasInstances-r17)) OFNR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16OPTIONAL, -- Cond batchUEAnr-DL-TDOA-LocationInformationInstances-r17SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxMeasInstances-r17)) OFNR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL -- Cond batchUEB]]}.

[0214] For example, Table 4 may illustrate an embodiment of providing location information through a message. For example, the location information of a UE may be provided through locationCoordinates within NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation.

[0215] NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {measurementReferenceTime-r16 CHOICE {systemFrameNumber-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16,utc-time-r16 UTCTime,...} OPTIONAL,...,[[locationCoordinates-r17 LocationCoordinates OPTIONAL, -- Cond batch1locationSource-r17 LocationSource-r13 OPTIONAL -- Cond batch2]]}

[0216] For example, Table 5 may illustrate an embodiment of providing LOS information through a message. For example, LOS information between a transmitter (e.g., base station) and a receiver (e.g., UE) may be provided through the nr-los-nlos-Indicator within NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation. For example, this may represent the probability that the signal path between the transmitter (e.g., base station) and the receiver (e.g., UE) is LOS.

[0217] NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {dl-PRS-ReferenceInfo-r16 DL-PRS-ID-Info-r16,nr-DL-TDOA-MeasList-r16 NR-DL-TDOA-MeasList-r16,...,[[nr-UE-RxTEG-TimingErrorMargin-r17 TEG-TimingErrorMargin-r17 OPTIONAL -- Cond UERxTEG]]}NR-DL-TDOA-MeasList-r16 ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..nrMaxTRPs-r16)) OF NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement-r16NR-DL-TDOA-MeasElement-r16 ::= SEQUENCE {dl-PRS-ID-r16 INTEGER (0..255),nr-PhysCellID-r16 NR-PhysCellID-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-CellGlobalID-r16 NCGI-r15 OPTIONAL,nr-ARFCN-r16 ARFCN-ValueNR-r15 OPTIONAL,nr-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceID-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 NR-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-TimeStamp-r16 NR-TimeStamp-r16,nr-RSTD-r16 CHOICE {k0-r16 INTEGER (0..1970049),k1-r16 INTEGER (0..985025),k2-r16 INTEGER (0..492513),k3-r16 INTEGER (0..246257),k4-r16 INTEGER (0..123129),k5-r16 INTEGER (0..61565),...,kMinus6-r18 INTEGER (0..126083073),kMinus5-r18 INTEGER (0..63041537),kMinus4-r18 INTEGER (0..31520769),kMinus3-r18 INTEGER (0..15760385),kMinus2-r18 INTEGER (0..7880193),kMinus1-r18 INTEGER (0..3940097)},nr-AdditionalPathList-r16 NR-AdditionalPathList-r16 OPTIONAL,nr-TimingQuality-r16 NR-TimingQuality-r16,nr-DL-PRS-RSRP-Result-r16 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL,nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurements-r16NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurements-r16 OPTIONAL,...,[[nr-UE-Rx-TEG-ID-r17 INTEGER (0..maxNumOfRxTEGs-1-r17) OPTIONAL,nr-DL-PRS-FirstPathRSRP-Result-r17 INTEGER (0..126) OPTIONAL,nr-los-nlos-Indicator-r17 CHOICE {perTRP-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17,perResource-r17 LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17} OPTIONAL,nr-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 NR-AdditionalPathListExt-r17 OPTIONAL,nr-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17NR-DL-TDOA-AdditionalMeasurementsExt-r17 OPTIONAL]],[[nr-RSTD-BasedOnAggregatedResources-r18 ENUMERATED {true} OPTIONAL,nr-AggregatedDL-PRS-ResourceSetID-List-r18 SEQUENCE (SIZE (2.. 3)) OFNR-AggregatedDL-PRS-ResourceSetID-Element-r18 OPTIONAL,nr-RSCPD-r18 INTEGER (0..61565) OPTIONAL,nr-PhaseQuality-r18 NR-PhaseQuality-r18 OPTIONAL,nr-RSCPD-AddMeasurementSamples-r18 SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..nrNumOfSamples-1-r18 )) OFNR-RSCPD-AdditionalMeasurementSamplesElement-r18 OPTIONAL,nr-ReportDL-PRS-MeasBasedOnSingleOrMultiHopRx-r18ENUMERATED { singleHop, multipleHop} OPTIONAL]]}LOS-NLOS-Indicator-r17 ::= SEQUENCE {indicator-r17 CHOICE {soft-r17 INTEGER (0..10),hard-r17 BOOLEAN},...}.

[0218] For example, the LOS-NLOS indicator field may be as follows. For instance, the indicator field can provide information about the likelihood of an LOS propagation path existing between the transmitter (source) and the receiver.

[0219] - For example, in the case of a soft method, an integer value '0' can represent a probability of 0. And, here, for example, an integer value '10' can represent a probability of 1. And, for example, the probability can have a range from 0 to 1 and a scale factor of 0.1.

[0220] - For example, in the case of the hard method, FALSE can represent a probability of '0'. And, for example, TRUE can represent a probability of '1'.

[0221] For example, a positioning report containing positioning information of a sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., an LPP ProvideLocationInformation message) may be delivered in response to a positioning information request (e.g., an LPP RequestLocationInformation) and / or by report triggering.

[0222] For example, referring to 3GPP TS 38.305, the overall procedure for UE positioning may be as follows.

[0223] For example, the following procedures related to the transmission of positioning information may be performed to enable the server to request location measurement data and / or location estimation values ​​from a target, and also to enable the target to transmit location measurement data and / or location estimation values ​​to the server even in the absence of a request. For example, a service layer (e.g., NAS or OMA SUPL ULP) may be used to transmit information related to a positioning request from a target terminal to a server.

[0224] For example, in Step 1 of the Location Information Transfer procedure, the server may request location information by sending a location information request (e.g., a RequestLocationInformation message) to the target, specifying the type of location information required and, if necessary, the associated QoS. For example, in Step 2 of the Location Information Transfer procedure, the target may transfer location information by sending a location report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message) to the server. For example, the location information transferred may be the same as or a subset of the location information requested in Step 1, unless the server explicitly allows additional location information. For example, if Step 3 does not occur, this report may include transaction termination information (e.g., endTransaction IE set to TRUE). For example, if additional location information is requested in Step 1, in Step 3 of the Location Information Transfer procedure, the target may send one or more location reports to the server to transfer the additional location information. For example, the positioning information transmitted here may be the same as or a subset of the positioning information requested in Step 1, unless the server explicitly allows additional positioning information. For example, the final positioning report may include transaction end information.

[0225] For example, the location information delivery procedure may be a procedure that enables the target to voluntarily provide location information without a request from the server. For example, in step 1 of the location information delivery procedure, the target may send a location report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message) to the server to deliver location information. For example, if step 2 does not occur, this location report may include transaction end information (e.g., endTransaction IE set to TRUE). For example, in step 2 of the location information delivery procedure, the target may send one or more location reports containing additional location information data to the server. For example, here, the last location report may include transaction end information.

[0226] For example, a terminal may receive a location information request (e.g., a RequestLocationInformation message). For example, if the terminal receives a location information request, it may act as follows. For example, if the requested information is compatible with the functions and configuration of the target terminal, the terminal may include the requested information in a location report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message). For example, here, the transaction identifier information of the response message (e.g., LPP-TransactionID IE) may be set to the same value as the transaction identifier information of the received message. Then, for example, the terminal may forward the location report to a lower layer for transmission. For example, if the requested information is not compatible with the functions and / or configuration of the target terminal, the terminal may act as follows. For example, if the message contains one or more location methods that are not supported by the target terminal, the terminal may process the message as if it contained only information regarding supported location methods. And, for example, the terminal may process the signaling content regarding unsupported location methods according to the LPP error detection procedure.

[0227] For example, when a terminal is triggered to send a positioning report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message), it may perform the following actions. For example, the terminal may be configured to include available positioning information for each positioning method included in the message (e.g., an Information Element (IE) setting). For example, the terminal may forward to a lower layer to send a response message.

[0228] FIGS. 12a and 12b illustrate the overall procedure of an NR Multi-RTT method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIGS. 12a and 12b may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0229] Referring to the embodiments of FIGS. 12a and 12b, for example, a location server (e.g., LMF) may perform a capability transfer (e.g., LPP Capability Transfer) process and an assistance data transfer / delivery (e.g., LPP Assistance Data Transfer / Delivery) process for the positioning operation of the UE. For example, the final positioning result may be delivered through a subsequent positioning information transfer / delivery (e.g., LPP Location Information Transfer / Delivery) process.

[0230] For example, as a result of such positioning operations, in the case of an NW / LMF-based (or UE-assisted) positioning mode, the positioning server (e.g., LMF) can obtain the UE's positioning information. For example, in the case of a UE-based positioning mode, the UE, along with the LMF, can also possess its own positioning information. For example, regardless of the positioning mode, the UE can obtain LOS information.

[0231] For example, during a sensing operation, a sensing server (e.g., SF or SMF) may request positioning information from an LMF (and / or UE) to determine the positioning information of the sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.). And, for example, the sensing server may receive the positioning information of the sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.). For example, the sensing server may utilize this positioning information of the sensing transmitter / receiver (e.g., location information and / or LOS information, etc.) when selecting a sensing mode (e.g., BS monostatic, UE monostatic, BS-BS bistatic, UE-UE bistatic, BS-UE bistatic and / or UE-BS bistatic, etc.), selecting a sensing node (e.g., BS, TRP and / or UE, etc.), and / or selecting a sensing resource. For example, the SMF can select a BS / TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode by utilizing the BS / TRP and / or UE present in the TSA. Additionally, sensing performance can be improved by selecting sensing nodes and resources such that a line of sight exists between the BS / TRP and the UE.

[0232] For example, in this disclosure, the term "sensing setup delay" may be used for convenience of explanation. For example, the sensing setup delay may be used to compare / analyze the impact of the time it takes for the SMF to obtain positioning information on the overall sensing operation. For example, the sensing setup delay may refer to the time difference from the time the SMF receives a request for a sensing service from a sensing service client to the time the SMF starts a sensing mode / node / resource selection operation. For example, the sensing setup delay is not limited to the term used in this disclosure and may be interpreted as being replaced by other terms representing objects performing the same function, operation, or role.

[0233] FIG. 13 illustrates a general procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when a positioning operation is completed, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0234] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, if the positioning operation is completed (for example, when the LMF / UE has positioning information), the SMF can immediately utilize the UE's positioning information. Therefore, for example, the operation of utilizing positioning information may not have a significant impact on the sensing operation (e.g., sensing delay). For example, the SMF can perform the sensing operation with a short sensing setup delay even when utilizing positioning information.

[0235] For example, in the above procedure, the SMF receives a sensing service request from a sensing service client and may request UE positioning information from the LMF (and / or UE). Then, for example, the SMF may receive a response to the positioning information request from the LMF (and / or UE). For example, subsequently, the SMF may perform an action to select a sensing mode / node / resource.

[0236] FIG. 14 illustrates a general procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information before performing a positioning operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0237] FIG. 15 illustrates a general procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information during a positioning operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0238] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, for example, the impact of a positioning operation on sensing may differ from the case where the LMF / UE possesses positioning information when the positioning operation is not completed. For example, if the positioning operation is not completed (e.g., when the LMF / UE does not possess positioning information or the positioning information it possesses is unreliable), the SMF may request a positioning service from the LMF (and / or UE) as a single positioning service client. Therefore, for example, an operation utilizing positioning information may have a significant impact on the sensing operation (e.g., sensing delay). For example, the SMF may have to perform the sensing operation with a long sensing setup delay to utilize the positioning information.

[0239] FIG. 16 illustrates a general procedure for an SMF to acquire UE positioning information when requesting positioning information during a positioning information transmission operation, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0240] Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, for example, if the LMF and / or UE is in a positioning state, the SMF may not need to request a positioning service. For example, in this case, the SMF can perform a sensing operation after waiting for the result of the ongoing positioning operation. For example, if the LMF and / or UE is in a positioning state, it is more likely that it will take less time to receive the positioning result than when the SMF needs to request a positioning service. Therefore, for example, the impact of the positioning operation on the sensing operation may be smaller compared to when a positioning service needs to be requested. However, for example, in both cases, the SMF may not be able to immediately utilize the UE's positioning information. Therefore, for example, the sensing operation may inevitably be delayed due to the positioning operation. And, for example, the SMF may have to perform the sensing operation with a long sensing setup delay to utilize the positioning information.

[0241] For example, the occurrence of such a long sensing setup delay can affect the sensing results of a sensing service. In particular, for example, in the case of a service that requires fast (e.g., low latency) sensing results, the setup delay can have a very significant impact on the sensing results. Therefore, for example, a method may be needed for the SMF to utilize the UE's positioning information more effectively. Accordingly, for example, the present disclosure may propose a method for determining whether to utilize positioning information so that the SMF can utilize the UE's positioning information more effectively during a sensing operation.

[0242] Hereinafter, a method for determining whether to utilize positioning information proposed in the present disclosure will be described.

[0243] For example, if the LMF / UE is in the process of positioning operation, particularly during the transmission of positioning information (e.g., location information transmission), the LMF / UE may operate a timer (e.g., a response time timer) to satisfy response time, which is one of the positioning service QoS parameters.

[0244] For example, here, the response time timer may be an implementation tool for measuring the elapsed response time. For instance, an LMF / UE may require a timer operation to transmit location results within the response time to satisfy location QoS requirements. For instance, after receiving a location information request (e.g., a RequestLocationInformation message), the response time timer may start at 0 and increase in fixed increments (e.g., 10s, 10ms, etc.) over time. Then, for instance, the timer may stop when a location report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message) is transmitted. For instance, if the timer value reaches the response time (e.g., if the transmission of the location report is not performed before the timer expires), the UE may transmit arbitrary information.

[0245] For example, referring to 3GPP TS 38.305 and 37.355, response time and related operation requirements may be as follows.

[0246] For example, the LMF may send a location information request (e.g., an LPP RequestLocationInformation message) to the UE to trigger location. For example, this request may include location instruction information such as the location mode, metrics to be performed by the UE if necessary, and / or QoS parameters (e.g., accuracy and / or response time, etc.).

[0247] For example, the UE may perform the requested measurement. For example, the UE may send a positioning report (e.g., an LPP ProvideLocationInformation message) to the LMF before the provided response time expires. For example, if the UE is unable to perform the requested measurement or if the provided response time expires before the results for the requested measurement are obtained, the UE may return all available information in a positioning report (e.g., an LPP message of type ProvideLocationInformation). For example, this positioning report may include an indication of the reason why positioning information was not provided.

[0248] For example, the response time may be represented by the following fields. For example, the time field may indicate the maximum response time from the time a location information request (e.g., a RequestLocationInformation message) is received until the time a location report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message) is sent. For example, if the unit field does not exist, the maximum response time may be provided as an integer value (e.g., in seconds) between 1 second and 128 seconds. For example, if the unit field is set to '10 seconds', the maximum response time may be provided in increments of 10 seconds. Also, for example, if the unit field is set to '10 seconds', the range of the response time may be from 10 seconds to 1280 seconds. For example, if the unit field is set to '10 milliseconds', the maximum response time may be provided in increments of 10 milliseconds. Also, for example, if the unit field is set to '10 milliseconds', the range of the response time may be from 0.01 seconds to 1.28 seconds. For example, even if periodic reporting information is included by the location server (LMF), the target terminal (UE) can ignore it.

[0249] Therefore, for example, except in cases where the positioning operation fails, the LMF (or SMF) can expect to acquire UE positioning information before the corresponding timer expires. In particular, for example, if the process involves transmitting positioning information (e.g., location information), this process may need to be completed within the response time. And, for example, since this process involves acquiring positioning information, the SMF can trust that the positioning information can be obtained within the remaining response time.

[0250] Hereinafter, the method and procedure proposed in the present invention may be the same as the embodiments of Steps 1 to 5 below. The embodiments of Steps 1 to 5 below may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations among the embodiments may be omitted.

[0251] Step 1: For example, when the SMF receives a sensing service request, it can request UE positioning information from the LMF / UE.

[0252] - For example, here, the UE to which the SMF requests positioning information may be limited to the UE participating in sensing.

[0253] Step 2: For example, if the LMF / UE is in the process of transmitting positioning information (e.g., location information transmission), it may transmit information related to the time at which positioning information can be provided (e.g., time value at which positioning information can be provided, remaining response time, response time, reference time and / or response time required, etc.) to the SMF.

[0254] - For example, here, SMF can predict the maximum time to acquire UE positioning information based on the remaining response time value. For example, the remaining response time value can be obtained by subtracting the response time timer value from the response time.

[0255] For example, an error may occur here due to the difference between the remaining response time value calculated by the LMF / UE and the time value received by the SMF (e.g., the time required for the SMF to receive the remaining response time value). Therefore, to reduce this error, for example, the LMF / UE may transmit a reference time that serves as the reference point for calculating the remaining response time value. For instance, the LMF / UE may use the time used to calculate the remaining response time as the reference time and transmit this value along with the remaining response time value.

[0256] - For example, here, the LMF / UE may pass the response time value and the elapsed responseTime value, which are positioning service QoS parameters, together with or instead of the remaining response time value. For example, in both cases, the acquired time information can be used to estimate the maximum time the SMF can acquire UE positioning information. Therefore, for example, there may be no operational difference between the two cases.

[0257] For example, in the above procedure, if the positioning mode is UE-based, the LMF may transmit the positioning report received from the UE (e.g., the ProvideLocationInformation message) to the SMF as is (or without complex processing). However, if the positioning mode is NW / LMF-based, for example, the LMF may need to perform UE location calculation using the positioning report received from the UE. Therefore, for example, the LMF may need to transmit the time required for location calculation to the SMF in the case of NW / LMF-based positioning mode. For example, the LMF may transmit the location calculation time (e.g., in the case of NW / LMF-based positioning mode) separately from the remaining response time. Alternatively, for example, the LMF may transmit the location calculation time by adding it to the remaining response time value. For example, if the location calculation time is a negligible value, it may not be necessary to transmit the location calculation time information separately.

[0258] - For example, AI / ML can be used for positioning (e.g., during the location calculation process). For instance, if AI / ML is used in a NW / LMF-based positioning mode, LMF can add (or aggregate) the AI / ML computing time.

[0259] Step 3: For example, the SMF can calculate the sensing operation time.

[0260] - For example, here, the sensing operation time may refer to the time required for a series of all sensing operations and / or procedures, such as selecting a sensing mode / node / resource, establishing a sensing session, transmitting / receiving sensing signals, and / or analyzing sensing.

[0261] Step 4: For example, based on the time information received in Step 2 and the time information calculated in Step 3, the SMF can determine whether to wait for the positioning result of the LMF / UE for a sensing operation.

[0262] Step 4-1: For example, based on the reference time received in Step 2, the sum of the remaining response time value, the location calculation time (e.g., in the case of NW / LMF-based positioning mode), and / or the AI / ML computing time, and the sum of the sensing operation time value calculated in Step 3 can be determined to meet the sensing service response time condition (e.g., if the sum of the two values ​​is earlier than the sensing service response time). For example, if the sensing service response time condition is met (e.g., see FIG. 17), the SMF may decide to wait for the positioning result of the LMF / UE. Then, for example, the procedure of Step 5-1 may proceed.

[0263] Step 4-2: For example, based on the reference time received in Step 2, it can be determined whether the sum of the remaining response time value, the location calculation time (e.g., in the case of an NW / LMF-based positioning mode), and / or the AI / ML computing time, and the sensing operation time value calculated in Step 3, meets the sensing service response time condition (e.g., if the sum of the two values ​​is later than the sensing service response time). For example, if the sensing service response time condition is not met (e.g., see FIG. 18), the SMF may decide not to wait for the positioning result of the LMF / UE. Then, for example, the procedure of Step 5-2 or Step 5-3 may proceed.

[0264] Step 5: For example, the SMF may determine whether to perform a sensing operation. Accordingly, for example, the SMF may proceed with at least one of the operations from Step 5-1 to Step 5-3 below.

[0265] Step 5-1: For example, when the positioning operation is completed, the LMF / UE can transmit the positioning information to the SMF. For example, the SMF can perform a sensing operation using the received positioning information.

[0266] - For example, here, positioning information may include information within a positioning report (e.g., a ProvideLocationInformation message). For example, the positioning report may include UE location information, LOS information between BS / TRP-UE and / or resources, and / or time information when the positioning information was acquired.

[0267] - For example, here, the initiation of the sensing operation of the SMF can be the selection of the sensing mode / node / resource.

[0268] Step 5-2: For example, the SMF can perform a sensing operation without waiting for positioning information.

[0269] - For example, here, the initiation of the sensing operation of the SMF can be the selection of the sensing mode / node / resource.

[0270] - For example, even if the SMF decides to perform a sensing operation without waiting for UE positioning information in Step 4, the LMF / UE can transmit positioning information to the SMF. For example, the SMF can use the received information later when reselecting the sensing mode / node / resource.

[0271] - For example, the SMF may start a sensing operation in BS monostatic and / or BS-BS bistatic sensing mode. During or after the sensing operation, when the SMF receives UE positioning information from the LMF, it may consider a method to switch to a sensing mode that includes the UE (e.g., UE monostatic, BS-UE bistatic, UE-BS bistatic and / or UE-UE bistatic, etc.).

[0272] Step 5-3: For example, the SMF may not perform a sensing operation.

[0273] - For example, the SMF may be unable to select an appropriate sensing node due to the absence of UE positioning information. For instance, in this case, the SMF may not perform the corresponding sensing operation.

[0274] - For example, in this case, the SMF can convey the failure result to the sensing service client via a sensing service response message. For example, the message may include the cause of the failure. For instance, the SMF may notify the client of a sensing failure cause, such as the absence of positioning information and / or an expected sensing response timeout.

[0275] FIG. 17 illustrates a case in which the sum of the remaining response time value and the sensing operation time value satisfies the sensing service response time condition according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0276] FIG. 18 illustrates a case in which the sum of the remaining response time value and the sensing operation time value does not meet the sensing service response time condition, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0277] FIG. 19 illustrates a rough procedure for a case where a positioning information request is received during a positioning operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and it is necessary to consider the expected positioning time. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 19, for example, the procedures of steps 1 through 5 may describe a case where the LMF / UE receives a positioning information request during the process of transmitting positioning information (e.g., Location Information Transfer) when the SMF is sensing. For example, if the LMF / UE receives a positioning information request while proceeding with a procedure other than the positioning information transmission process (e.g., see FIG. 15), additional time required in the steps 1 through 5 may be considered as follows. For example, in this case, additional time may be required in addition to the response time, which is the maximum time required during the positioning information transmission process. For example, this time may be the time required in other processes / procedures (e.g., LPP Capability Transfer and / or LPP Assistance Data Transfer / Delivery processes, etc.) (e.g., Estimated positioning setup time in FIG. 19). For example, the LMF may need to calculate the time at which it can transmit the final UE positioning information to the SMF, taking this into account. For instance, the LMF may add the estimated positioning time value between the time it receives the request for UE information (e.g., location information, LOS probability, etc.) and the time it transmits the positioning information request (e.g., the RequestLocationInformation message) to the response time value and transmit it to the SMF. For instance, the LMF may additionally transmit (or together with the response time value) the estimated positioning time value between the time it receives the request for UE information (e.g., location information, LOS probability, etc.) and the time it transmits the positioning information request (e.g., the RequestLocationInformation message) to the SMF.For example, here, LMF can provide SMF with values ​​of a range (e.g., minimum and maximum values ​​and / or average and deviation, etc.) rather than specific values.

[0279] For example, the SMF (e.g., in step 4 above) can use the received value to decide whether to wait for the positioning result of the LMF / UE and perform a sensing operation.

[0280] For example, compared to the process of positioning information transfer (e.g., Location Information Transfer), other processes / procedures (e.g., LPP Capability Transfer and / or LPP Assistance Data Transfer / Delivery) may take relatively very little time. For example, in this case, the LMF may ignore the expected positioning setup time value or set this value by considering an empirical value (or a preset value).

[0281] For example, as described above, the LMF (and / or UE) can empirically estimate an approximate time. However, for example, it may be difficult for the LMF (and / or UE) to estimate an exact time. For example, here, an exact time may refer to a time at which reliability can be guaranteed to a certain level or higher. For example, as described in this disclosure, if a positioning information request is made while positioning information transmission (e.g., Location Information Transfer) is being performed, the positioning information transmission process may need to be completed within the response time. For example, since this process involves acquiring positioning information, the SMF can trust that the positioning information can be obtained within the remaining response time.

[0282] In particular, for example, when there is no positioning information at the start of sensing and when positioning is not in progress (see, for example, FIG. 14), it may be difficult for the LMF (and / or UE) to predict the exact time when it can provide positioning information to the SMF.

[0283] For example, in such cases, the LMF (and / or UE) may provide the response time of the Location Service (LCS) QoS received upon the location service request. For example, the LCS QoS may be provided by the location service client. And, for example, this value may eventually be passed to the LMF (and / or UE) and used to determine the final response time value. However, for example, the LCS QoS response time defined in 3GPP standards TS 23.273 and TS 22.071 may not be a specific value. For example, the LCS QoS response time may be expressed as a value such as no delay, low delay, or delay tolerant, which can be distinguished as a class. Therefore, for example, the LMF (and / or UE) may pass the LCS QoS response time received from the LCS client to the SMF.

[0284] For example, here, it may be determined that the LMF (and / or UE) can perform the positioning action necessary to satisfy the LCS QoS response time received from the LCS client within a certain time range. For example, in this case, the LMF (and / or UE) may provide the SMF with a value of a range (e.g., minimum and maximum values ​​and / or average and deviation, etc.) rather than a specific value.

[0285] For example, the LCS procedure, referring to 3GPP TS 23.273, may be as follows.

[0286] For example, a positioning service client may request the GMLC for the positioning (or UE location) of a target UE. For example, this request may include requested QoS information. For example, the GMLC may call the Positioning Information Provider service operation via the AMF. For example, this service operation may include requested QoS information. For example, the AMF may call the Position Determination service operation via the LMF to request the UE's current location. For example, this service operation may include requested QoS information if necessary.

[0287] For example, LCS QoS can be used to define the characteristics of a positioning request. For instance, LCS QoS information can be defined by three key attributes: LCS QoS class, accuracy (horizontal accuracy, vertical accuracy), and response time (e.g., no latency, low latency, or latency-acceptable).

[0288] For example, the response time of LCS QoS here can be defined as follows, referring to 3GPP TS 22.071.

[0289] For example, different location-based services or different LCS clients may have different requirements for obtaining a response depending on the urgency of the positioning request. For instance, a location server may need to make a trade-off between positioning accuracy requirements and response time requirements. For instance, response time may be one of the negotiable QoS parameters. For instance, an LCS server may allow an LCS client to specify or negotiate a required response time during the provisioning phase or at the time of the request. For instance, an LCS server may ignore a response time that is not negotiated if specified by an LCS client. For instance, if the response time is not ignored, the LCS server may attempt to meet or approximate that response time as much as possible, provided it does not conflict with other QoS parameters.

[0290] For example, the response time options for LCS QoS can be as follows.

[0291] - No delay: For example, the response time of LCS QoS can be set to no delay. For example, in this case, the server can immediately return the location estimate it currently possesses or the deliverable location. For example, the LCS server can return either the target UE's initial location or its last known location. For example, if the location estimate or deliverable location is unavailable, the LCS server can return a failure indication. Alternatively, for example, the server can initiate a procedure to obtain the location estimate or deliverable location for the next request.

[0292] - Low Delay: For example, the response time of LCS QoS can be set to low delay. In this case, for instance, meeting response time requirements may take precedence over meeting accuracy requirements. For instance, the LCS server can return the current location with minimal delay. For instance, the LCS server may attempt to meet accuracy requirements. However, for instance, the LCS server may not cause additional delay to meet accuracy requirements. For instance, the LCS server may need to provide a fast response, even if it results in slightly lower accuracy, rather than waiting for a more accurate result.

[0293] - Delay Tolerant: For example, the response time of LCS QoS can be set to delay tolerant. In this case, for instance, meeting accuracy requirements may take precedence over meeting response time. For instance, the LCS server may delay the response until the accuracy requirements of the requesting application are met. For instance, the LCS server may obtain the current location while considering the fulfillment of accuracy requirements.

[0294] For example, if required by local regulatory requirements (e.g., emergency services), there may not be a need to support response time negotiation. For instance, in this case, the network may need to provide a response as quickly as possible with minimal latency. For instance, monitoring of response time may vary depending on the implementation method.

[0295] FIG. 20 illustrates a procedure for transmitting remaining response time information related to a positioning procedure for a sensing service according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 20, for example, at step S2010, the SMF may receive a sensing service request from a sensing client. For example, the sensing service request may include information related to the sensing response time. For example, at step S2020, the SMF may request positioning information from the LMF and / or UE. For example, the positioning information request may include a request for information such as location information and / or LOS probability. For example, at step S2030, the LMF and / or UE may obtain response time information. For example, the response time information may be information related to the time at which positioning information can be provided to the SMF. For example, at step S2040, the LMF and / or UE may transmit response time information to the SMF. For example, the remaining response time information may be obtained based on information related to the response time, information related to the elapsed response time, information related to the reference time, and / or information related to the location calculation time, etc. For example, the remaining response time information may include information related to the response time, information related to the elapsed response time, information related to the remaining response time, information related to the reference time, and / or information related to the position calculation time. For example, in step S2050, the SMF may determine a sensing mode. For example, the sensing mode may include whether sensing is performed and / or the sensing mode. For example, the SMF may determine the sensing mode based on the remaining response time information.

[0297] For example, the present disclosure may include a method for comparing the sensing QoS of an SMF (e.g., sensing service response time) and the positioning QoS of an LMF (e.g., response time). Furthermore, the present disclosure may include a method for utilizing UE positioning information when selecting a sensing mode / node / resource, in cases where the positioning operation for sensing does not affect the sensing performance. For example, through this, the present disclosure may include a method for securing more stable and higher sensing performance.

[0298] Methods according to various embodiments proposed in this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0299] Although the present disclosure has been described using a 5G wireless communication system as an example, this is not a limitation. For example, the method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure can be similarly applied and / or used in various communication systems, such as LTE, 5G NR, and 6G wireless communication systems.

[0300] According to the method proposed in this disclosure, various effects improved compared to the prior art may be achieved, although not limited to those presented in this disclosure. For example, an estimated sensing operation time may be calculated in advance based on an estimated positioning operation time to be utilized for sensing. For example, whether to utilize the positioning information for sensing may be determined in advance based on the estimated positioning operation time or the estimated sensing operation time. For example, whether to perform the sensing may be determined in advance based on the estimated positioning operation time and / or the estimated sensing operation time. For example, the efficiency of utilizing positioning information in the sensing operation may be improved. For example, the reliability of the sensing and / or positioning operation may be improved. For example, the efficiency and / or stability of the sensing service may be improved.

[0301] For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be extended and / or applicable to all of the following operations: monostatic from TRP to TRP, bistatic from TRP to TRP, bistatic from TRP to UE, monostatic from UE to UE, and bistatic from UE to UE.

[0302] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing signal (or sensing signal) may be interpreted as being replaced by a sensing reference signal (Sensing RS).

[0303] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing data may be interpreted as being replaced with sensing measurement data, a sensing measurement report, and / or sensing measurement result data (e.g., sensing measurement data) measured by receiving a sensing signal.

[0304] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing device may be interpreted as being replaced with a sensing node, a sensing terminal, a device performing sensing and / or a terminal performing sensing, etc.

[0305] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing management function (SMF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a sensing function (SF), a base station, a sensing server, a device for managing sensing, and / or a third device, etc. For example, the SMF is not limited to the term and may be interpreted as various devices performing the same operation, function, and / or role.

[0306] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the position management function (LMF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station, a position server, a positioning server, a device for managing positioning, and / or a third device, etc. For example, the LMF is not limited to the term and may be interpreted as various devices performing the same operation, function, and / or role.

[0307] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing function (SF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station, a sensing server, a device managing sensing, and / or a third device, etc.

[0308] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the message may be interpreted as being replaced with a control message, a data message, a signal (signal), a data signal, or a control signal.

[0309] For example, the setting (or designation) wording in the present disclosure may be interpreted in an extended manner, such as a form in which a base station informs a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal informs another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0310] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may refer to a threshold value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may refer to a value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may refer to an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE through MAC CE, or signals to the UE through DCI.

[0311] FIG. 21 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, the first device can obtain response time information related to positioning information. In step S2120, the first device can receive request information related to the positioning information. In step S2130, the first device can obtain information related to the remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information. In step S2140, the first device can transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0313] For example, information related to the remaining response time can be obtained based on the difference between the response time information and information related to the elapsed response time. For example, information related to the elapsed response time can be obtained based on a response time timer.

[0314] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include at least one of a specific value or time range.

[0315] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include at least one of the response time information, the information related to the elapsed response time, or the information related to the reference time.

[0316] For example, the sensing mode related to the positioning information may be determined based on information related to the remaining response time. For example, the sensing mode may be determined based on information related to the remaining response time and information related to the sensing operation time.

[0317] For example, sensing related to the positioning information may be performed based on the fact that the time obtained by summing the information related to the remaining response time and the information related to the sensing operation time is prior to the sensing service response time.

[0318] Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit information related to location calculation time to the second device based on the fact that the first device is an LMF (Location Management Function). For example, the location calculation time may include computation time related to AI / ML based on the fact that the positioning mode related to the positioning information is a positioning mode based on AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning).

[0319] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may further include information related to the expected positioning time, based on the fact that a setting time is required for positioning performance related to the positioning information.

[0320] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include information related to the LCS (Location Service) QoS (Quality of Service) response time.

[0321] Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit the positioning information based on information related to the remaining response time.

[0322] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may control the first device (100) to obtain response time information related to positioning information. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) of the first device (100) to receive request information related to the positioning information. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the first device (100) to obtain information related to the remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) of the first device (100) to transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0323] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor: to obtain response time information related to positioning information; to receive request information related to the positioning information; to obtain information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and to transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0324] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device, based on execution by the at least one processor, to: acquire response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; acquire information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0325] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: obtain response time information related to positioning information; receive request information related to the positioning information; obtain information related to a remaining response time based on the response time information and the request information; and transmit information related to the remaining response time.

[0326] FIG. 22 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0327] Referring to FIG. 22, in step S2210, the second device can transmit request information related to positioning information. In step S2220, the second device can receive information related to the remaining response time based on the request information.

[0328] For example, information related to the remaining response time can be obtained based on the difference between the response time information and information related to the elapsed response time. For example, information related to the elapsed response time can be obtained based on a response time timer.

[0329] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include at least one of a specific value or time range.

[0330] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include at least one of the response time information, the information related to the elapsed response time, or the information related to the reference time.

[0331] Additionally, for example, the second device may determine a sensing mode based on information related to the remaining response time. For example, the sensing mode may be determined based on information related to the remaining response time and information related to the sensing operation time.

[0332] Additionally, for example, the second device can perform sensing based on the fact that the time obtained by summing the information related to the remaining response time and the information related to the sensing operation time is prior to the sensing service response time.

[0333] Additionally, for example, the second device may receive information related to the position calculation time. For example, the position calculation time may include the computation time related to the AI / ML, based on the positioning mode related to the positioning information being a positioning mode based on AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning).

[0334] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may further include information related to the expected positioning time, based on the fact that a setting time is required for positioning performance related to the positioning information.

[0335] For example, the information related to the remaining response time may include information related to the LCS (Location Service) QoS (Quality of Service) response time.

[0336] Additionally, for example, a second device can receive the positioning information based on information related to the remaining response time.

[0337] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to transmit request information related to positioning information. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to receive information related to the remaining response time based on the request information.

[0338] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit request information related to positioning information; and receive information related to a remaining response time based on the request information, based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0339] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, it may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: transmit request information related to positioning information; and receive information related to a remaining response time based on the request information, based on execution by the at least one processor.

[0340] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: transmit request information related to positioning information; and receive information related to a remaining response time based on the request information.

[0341] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0342] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0343] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0344] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0345] FIG. 23 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0346] Referring to FIG. 23, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0347] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0348] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0349] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0350] FIG. 24 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0351] Referring to FIG. 24, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 23.

[0352] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0353] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0354] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0355] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0356] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0357] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0358] FIG. 25 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0359] Referring to FIG. 25, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 25 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. The hardware elements of FIG. 25 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 24, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 24.

[0360] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 25. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0361] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0362] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0363] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 25. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 24) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0364] FIG. 26 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 23). The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0365] Referring to FIG. 26, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 24 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 24. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 24. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0366] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 23, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 23, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 23, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 23, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 23, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 23, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 23, 400), a base station (Fig. 23, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0367] In FIG. 26, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0368] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 26 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0369] FIG. 27 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), User Terminal (UT), Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), Subscriber Station (SS), Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0370] Referring to FIG. 27, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 26.

[0371] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0372] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0373] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Images