Protective building compositions, uses, products and systems

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to protective building compositions, methods of manufacturing / providing same, uses and related products, structures and systems made therefrom. Protective building compositions disclosed herein may contain various combinations of recycled materials and be utilized in various products, structures, systems, and applications related, but not limit to, those requiring protection from ballistic, blast, fire and forced entry attack or any combination thereof.

Description

PROTECTIVE BUILDING COMPOSITIONS, USES, PRODUCTSAND SYSTEMS

[0001] This application is an international patent application that claims the benefit of priority and is entitled to the filing date pursuant to Article 8 of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 748,128, filed January 22, 2025, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The security of utilities, buildings, and structures are many times taken for granted, whether they are government embassies, commercial offices, universities / schools, airports, entertainment / sporting venues, shopping malls and hospitals, for example. While international terrorist attacks make the news, such events are typically never expected at the local or national level. Countries are starting to realize the importance of strong homeland and border security. Governments, utility companies’ electricity, oil & gas, and other critical infrastructure buildings are re-evaluating the safety and security of their personnel and physical assets. The world has changed, making safety and security a high priority for practically everyone.

[0003] Accordingly, utility companies, gas companies, water companies, government agencies, commercial companies, and individuals are taking into consideration various ballistic, blast, forced entry, seismic, and weather hazards (e.g., hurricane, storms tornadoes) in considering building construction materials. For example, various fences and / or walls are typically provided along at least a portion of a perimeter of an asset that is being protects. Such fences and walls are conventionally provided and made of one or any combination of brick, reinforced concrete, wood, steel and chain-link, for example. In such conventional systems, ballistic building products are only tested to the low-level Underwriters Laboratory (UL) or National Institute of Justice (NIJ ratings for ballistic materials used in construction and are often times constructed out of materials that are not sustainable, expensive to install, and / or ineffective in providing real-life protection. Their usage typically requires a combination of different materials or multiple layers of material, for example, such as various combinations of aramid fibres, synthetic fibre, laminated sheets of special plastics, polycarbonates, carbon fibres, basalt which all require multiple layers and need to be used in conjunction with another material to provide certain levels of protection, which does not normally include blast protection. Furthermore, available conventional systems normally only cover one threat, such as, e.g., a blast or explosion, a physical impact from a projectile, a fire, an earthquake or other seismic activity, or a hurricane, tornado or other serve weather event. Such one threat solutions result in more complicated and expensive systems for engineers to design when protection from more than one threat is desired.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0004] More specifically, such conventional structures / systems normally involve the use of some type of armoured steel plate or the use of some type of aramid composite material. In some examples heavy duty reinforced concrete, complete with installed rebar cages, are also be used but requires a thickness of two to three times the thickness of a standard size wall in some cases for a high level of protection where walls are 16- 18 inches thick. This type of construction is very prone to crack and shear and shatter if any type of blast wave, fragmentation impact, or heavy ballistic attack would occur. Disadvantageously, the required thickness that conventional materials / systems employ results in extremely heavy and costly building materials, and the resultant walls, gates of a protective barrier made from such conventional materials is difficult to install. Additionally, such systems and their components very costly to repair and replace once damage occurs, as conventional protective structures are tied into supporting foundations in the ground. Once steel, such as rebar, is exposed within the protective structure after degradation due to an explosive blast, seismic activity or other calamity, it is compromised, and the whole of the structure has to be taken down and rebuilt.

[0005] The present specification provides a protective building composition that can cover a multitude of threats as a solution to address the problems discussed above. A disclosed protective building composition is optimized for 3D printing equipment for extrusion, layer adhesion, and precision in additive manufacturing. The disclosed protective building composition can be fashioned in a multitude of standard forms, including blocks, panels, columns and walls, or in a wide variety of custom or unique shapes. Thus, the present disclosure relates to protective building compositions, methods of manufacturing / providing same and uses and related products made therefrom. Protective building compositions as disclosed herein may be utilized in various applications related, but not limit to, those requiring protection from ballistic, blast and forced entry attack.SUMMARY

[0006] Aspects of the present specification disclose protective building compositions. A disclosed protective building composition is a ready-mix powdered material that can include a mixture of geopolymer cement, one or more aggregates, and one or more fine fiber reinforcements. An aggregate disclosed herein include, without limitation fiberglass particles, rubber particles, and hard organic material particles from plants. A fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein include, without limitation steel particles, plastic particles, and textile particles. The disclose protective building compositions can be manufactured as a ready-mix powdered material used as an initial ingredient to produce a liquid slurry material used in the manufacture of structures using 3D printing equipment or using standard or custom forms.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0007] A disclosed protective building composition can be formed into a pourable slurry by the addition of water to a ready-mix powdered material and, optionally, one or more admixtures can be added to adjust or add desired properties to the slurry. A disclosed pourable slurry can be used as an in-fill material as well as poured into a standard or custom form or mold of a desired shape, such as, e.g. , to provide for building blocks or wall panel having desired dimensions. Such building components can be use as, e.g., part of a protective multi-threat walling system, incorporated into and as part of a building’s structure or as part of a defensive perimeter that at least partially surrounds an asset to protect and fortify the asset from damage from at least one or any combination of adverse weather, seismic damage, ballistic, blast and forced entry attack. In addition, the disclosed pourable slurry is compatible with and can be used in 3D printing equipment used to construct part of a protective multi-threat walling system, incorporated into and as part of a building’s structure or as part of a defensive perimeter that at least partially surrounds an asset to protect and fortify the asset from damage from at least one or any combination of adverse weather, seismic damage, ballistic, blast and forced entry attack.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the protective building compositions disclosed herein can include recycled materials. In particular formulations, recycled materials that may be utilized include carpet material, vehicle tires, and windmill turbine blades.

[0009] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides exemplary methods for producing multi-threat protective building components. In one aspect, a method can comprise the step of mixing together components of a protective building composition according to the teachings of the present disclosure along with water to thereby provide a pourable slurry. The pourable slurry can then be disposed into a standard or custom form or mold having a desired shape or used as the solution for a 3D printer. In another aspect, the method can include, e.g., the step of pouring the slurry into at least one or any combination of a wall space, a space within a door, a stud space of concrete wall board or a hollow space within a concrete masonry unit formed by face shells and webs.

[0010] In yet a further aspect of the present disclosure, a protective walling system is disclosed. In one example, the protective wall system is comprised of at least one or more protective panels that are comprised of a protective building composition according to the teachings provided herein, wherein the protective walling system is along at least a portion of a perimeter surrounding a protected asset. In still yet a further aspect, the protective wall system includes posts in communication with the at least one or more protective panels, the post providing support for the at least one or more protective panels. In some examples, the protective walling system can,PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems alone or in addition to the protective panels, include a gate. In some examples, the gate itself can be comprised of a protective building composition according to the teachings of the present disclosure, wherein the composition may include the same components of the at least one or more protective panels or may be provided having a different formulation.

[0011] In a further aspect of the protective walling systems disclosed herein, at least one of the gate or at least one or more protective panels can include at least one anti-climb feature. Exemplary anti-climb features can be at least one or a combination of a noise flash diversionary device, preformed metal channels, preformed metal shapes. In some examples, the protective walling system can be an elevated and suspended protective walling system.

[0012] Exemplary assets that may be protected by the multi-threat protective characteristics of the protective building compositions, their various uses and resultant products and systems can be at least one of a building, telecommunication tower, at least one vehicle, a power plant, an electricity substation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Disclosed herein is a new construction material useful in providing multi-hazard protective elements for use in defending an asset or assets from, e.g., ballistic, blast, fire, seismic orweather hazards. This material is less dense than concrete and exhibits high toughness and resistance to penetration, as demonstrated by qualitative testing through direct exposure to a close-range artillery round and Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) detonation. A protective building composition disclosed herein can be employed as a standalone material or in conjunction with traditional construction material to enhance its performance. A protective building composition disclosed herein has many potential applications in protective construction including, without limitation, as part of a protective multi-threat walling system, as an incorporated part of a building’s structure, or as part of a defensive perimeter that at least partially surrounds an asset. In each case, such applications fortify and provide protection from damage from at least one or any combination of adverse weather, seismic damage, fire, ballistic, blast and forced entry attack. A protective building composition disclosed herein is versatile in that it is suitable material useful as the core component in making prefabrication building components including but not limited to, modular construction elements such as, e.g., bricks, blocks, boards, panels, pavers, slabs, posts, columns, gates, doors and barriers used in the construction of a larger structure, an in-fill material for a gate or structure having a hollow interior, or as a solution employed in 3D-printing equipment used to construction to create a building, such as, e.g., a shed, a shelter, a house, or any other building structure.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0014] A protective building composition disclosed herein is ready-mix powdered material used to create a slurry optimized for 3D printing equipment for extrusion, layer adhesion, and precision in additive manufacturing. Structures built with construction elements composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein can neutralize a variety of high-impact forces, including ballistic projectiles and explosive blasts, are resilient against forced entry, and withstand fire, seismic activity, hurricanes, and other environmental or man-made hazards and threats.

[0015] The modularity, adaptability and threat and hazard resistance properties of a protective building composition disclosed herein make it ideal for a wide variety of applications using either prefabrication or modular construction elements and on-site using 3D printing equipment. For example, construction elements composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein can be used to build disaster-resistant residential housing, fire-resistant residential housing, and lightweight emergency shelters. In addition, construction elements composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein can be used to build critical community infrastructure such as, e.g., fire- and blast-resistant power, water and other utility substations, urban shelters, event facilities, and data centers. Furthermore, construction elements composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein can be used to build critical military and government infrastructure such as, e.g., military shelters, ballistic barricades and shields, and blast-resistant walls.

[0016] A protective building composition disclosed herein is ready-mix powdered material comprises a geopolymer cement, one or more aggregates, and one or more fine fiber reinforcements, and optionally one or more admixtures.

[0017] A geopolymer cement disclosed herein is a composite material of cement and polymer binders and / or liquid resins is that results in lower carbon dioxide generation and a smooth cure process which produces a dense network with low portlandite properties. Also known as polymer cement, a geopolymer cement provides a dense microstructure that dissipates energy from a physical impact, such as, e.g., a ballistic or explosive impact, and increase thermal endurance by retaining its structural integrity under extreme heat of over 1,000°C, thereby enhancing fire resistant properties that improves thermal stability of the resulting concrete composite composition. In some embodiments, a geopolymer cement comprises ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and one or more polymer binders. In some embodiments, a geopolymer cement comprises OPC and one or more liquid resins. In some embodiments, a geopolymer cement comprises OPC, one or more polymer binders, and one or more liquid resins. Non-limiting examples of a liquid resin include methacrylate, epoxy resin, furan resin, polyester resin, vinylester resin.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0018] The amount of a geopolymer cement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a geopolymer cement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, or about 70% by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a geopolymer cement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, or at least 70%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a geopolymer cement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, at most 45%, at most 50%, at most 55%, at most 60%, at most 65%, or at most 70%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a geopolymer cement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 20% to about 25%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 35%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 45%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 55%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 65%, about 20% to about 70%, about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% to about 40%, about 25% to about 45%, about 25% to about 50%, about 25% to about 55%, about 25% to about 60%, about 25% to about 65%, about 25% to about 70%, about 30% to about 35%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 45%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 55%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 65%, about 30% to about 70%, about 35% to about 40%, about 35% to about 45%, about 35% to about 50%, about 35% to about 55%, about 35% to about 60%, about 35% to about 65%, about 35% to about 70%, about 40% to about 45%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 55%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 65%, about 40% to about 70%, about 45% to about 50%, about 45% to about 55%, about 45% to about 60%, about 45% to about 65%, about 45% to about 70%, about 50% to about 55%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 65%, about 50% to about 70%, about 55% to about 60%, about 55% to about 65%, about 55% to about 70%, about 60% to about 65%, about 60% to about 70%, or about 65% to about 70%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0019] An aggregate disclosed herein is a particulate material that provide strength to a protective building composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of an aggregate disclosed herein includes fiberglass particles, rubber particles, textile particles, and hard organic material particles from plants. An aggregate disclosed herein can be characterized by its average particle diameter. In some embodiments, an aggregate disclosed herein can have an average particle diameterPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems range of, e.g., about 0.1 , about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, an aggregate disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1 , at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, an aggregate disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1 , at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, an aggregate disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm. The average size range of an aggregate disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0020] The amount of an aggregate disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of an aggregate disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, or about 50%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of an aggregate disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of an aggregate disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, at most 45%, or at most 50%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of an aggregate disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 35%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 45%, about 10% to about 50%, about 15% to about 20%, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 30%, about 15% to about 35%, about 15% to about 40%, about 15% to about 45%, about 15% to about 50%,, about 20% to about 25%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 35%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 45%, about 20% to about 50%, about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% to about 40%, about 25% to about 45%, about 25% to about 50%, about 30% to about 35%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 45%, about 30% to about 50%, about 35% to about 40%, about 35% to about 45%, about 35% to about 50%, about 40% to about 45%, about 40% to about 50%, or about 45% to about 50%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0021] Fiberglass particles reinforce and improve tensile strength, and enhances compressive strength, fire resistance, and impact absorption to a concrete composite composition disclosed herein which enhances the ability of a concrete composite composition to withstand prolonged impacts and extreme conditions. Fiberglass particles can be newly produced or made from recycled fiberglass elements, such as, e.g., wind turbine blades, ground to the specified average particle size range and enhance compressive strength, fire resistance, and impact absorption of a protective building composition disclosed herein. A fiberglass particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a fiberglass particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a fiberglass particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1 , at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a fiberglass particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1 , at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a fiberglass particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0022] The amount of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, or about 30%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fiberglass particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 30%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to aboutPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 25%, about 10% to about 30%, about 15% to about 20%, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 30%, about 20% to about 25%, about 20% to about 30%, or about 25% to about 30%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0023] A rubber particle disclosed herein of a concrete composite composition disclosed herein is a particulate material that create a network having lower modulus inclusions that improves elasticity, ductility, and energy absorption of a concrete composite composition disclosed herein which dampens shockwave effects which enhances resistance to blast and ballistic impacts. Rubber particles can be newly produced or made from recycled rubber elements, such as, e.g., vehicle tires, ground to the specified average particle size range. A rubber particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a rubber particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a rubber particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a rubber particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1 , at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a rubber particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1, at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a rubber particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0024] The amount of a rubber particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a rubber particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a rubber particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a rubber particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a rubber particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to aboutPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 15% to about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0025] Hard organic material particles from plants are generally seed nuts or other densely hard plant material ground to the specified average particle size range and serve as lightweight aggregates that improve material flowability, thermal resistance, and energy dissipation under high-impact forces of a protective building composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of a hard organic material particles from plants include coffee grounds and coconut shells. A hard organic material particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a hard organic material particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a hard organic material particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a hard organic material particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1, at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a hard organic material particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1, at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a hard organic material particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0026] The amount of a hard organic material particle from plants disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a hard organic material particle from plants disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hard organic material particle from plants disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hard organic material particle from plants disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hard organic material particle from plants disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, aboutPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 15% to about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0027] A fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein is a material ground into particles that enhance 3D printing compatibility by ensuring smooth extrusion and robust layer adhesion while improving flexibility and performance under high-impact conditions. None-limiting examples of a fine fiver reinforcement includes steel particles, plastic particles and textile particles. A fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein can be characterized by its average particle diameter. The average particle diameter range of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a fine fiber reinforcement particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a fine fiber reinforcement particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1, at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a fine fiber reinforcement particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1, at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a fine fiber reinforcement particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0028] The amount of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a fine fiber reinforcement disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be,PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems e.g., about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 25%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% to about 35%, about 5% to about 40%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 35%, about 10% to about 40%, about 15% to about 20%, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 30%, about 15% to about 35%, about 15% to about 40%, about 20% to about 25%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 35%, about 20% to about 40%, about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% to about 40%, about 30% to about 35%, about 30% to about 40%, or about 35% to about 40%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0029] Steel particles reinforce and enhance tensile strength which improves cutting resistance, cracking resistance, and impact resistance to a protective building composition disclosed herein which enhances protection against ballistic and forced entry attacks. A steel particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a steel particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a steel particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a steel particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1 , at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a steel particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e g., at most 0.1 , at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a steel particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0030] The amount of a steel fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a steel fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a steel fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a steel fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, by weightPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a steel fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 15% to about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0031] Plastic particles add ductility and energy dissipation to a protective building composition disclosed herein which reduces brittleness and ensures elasticity under stress. Fiberglass particles improves fireproofing and compressive strength to a protective building composition disclosed herein which enhances the ability of a protective building composition to withstand prolonged impacts and extreme conditions. Non-limiting examples of a plastic particles include polypropylene (PP) particles and high density polyethylene (HDPE) particles. A plastic particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a plastic particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a plastic particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g. , about 0.1, about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1.25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a plastic particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1 , at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a plastic particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1, at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a plastic particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0032] The amount of a plastic fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a plastic fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a plastic fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a plastic fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, by weightPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a plastic fiber disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 15% to about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0033] Textile particles can be newly produced or made from recycled textile elements ground to the specified average particle size range. Textile particles reinforce and improve tensile strength, interlayer bonding, cohesion, and structural integrity which reduces brittleness and ensures elasticity under stress as well as controls for shrinkage of a concrete composite composition disclosed herein which reduces brittleness and ensures elasticity under stress that enhances protection against fire and ballistic and blast impacts. Non-limiting examples of a textile particles include carpet particles. A textile particle disclosed herein can be characterized by its average diameter size. The average size range of a textile particle disclosed herein used will depend on the desired use of the resulting concrete composite composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a textile particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 , about 0.25, about 0.5 mm, about 0.75, about 1 mm, about 1 .25, about 1.5, about 1.75, or about 2 mm. In other embodiments, a textile particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at least 0.1, at least 0.25, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.75, at least 1 mm, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 1.75, or at least 2 mm. In yet other embodiments, a textile particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., at most 0.1 , at most 0.25, at most 0.5 mm, at most 0.75, at most 1 mm, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 1.75, or at most 2 mm. In still other embodiments, a textile particle disclosed herein can have an average particle diameter range of, e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0034] The amount of a textile particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a textile particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a textile particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, atPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems least 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a textile particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a textile particle disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 1% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 15% to about 20%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0035] As admixture disclosed herein is an additive that imparts a desired characteristic to a protective building composition disclosed herein that improves its handling or finished characteristics. An admixture disclosed herein includes, without limitation a workability retaining admixture, a set control and hardening accelerator, a durability enhancement admixture, a viscosity modifier admixture, and an anti-segregation admixture.

[0036] A water reducing admixture disclosed herein is an admixture that modifies the water retention capability of a slurry made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein, thereby reducing the amount of water needed and is used to extend workability, impart high plasticity, and increase strength of a construction element made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples include of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein include Type A plasticizer, SIKA®PLASTOCRETE®, SIKAMENT®, SIKAPLAST®, and SIKA® VISCOCRETE®.

[0037] A workability retaining admixture disclosed herein is an admixture that modifies the water retention capability of a slurry made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein, thereby reducing the amount of water needed and is used to extend workability, impart high plasticity, and increase strength of a construction element made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein include SIKA® VISCOFLOW® 2020 (Workability Retaining Admixture).

[0038] A set control and hardening accelerator disclosed herein is an admixture that can modify the setting and curing time of a slurry made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein by affecting hydration reaction and controlling hydration heat. Non-Limiting examples of a set control and hardening accelerator disclosed herein are a set accelerator, a hardening accelerator, a retarder, and a hydration controller. A set accelerator acerates setting times. Nonlimiting examples of a set accelerator disclosed herein include SIKA® PLASTOCRETE® and SIKASET®. A hardening accelerator accelerates the hydration reaction and controls heatPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems dissipation to reduce setting time by promoting early strength development of the slurry without affecting initial workability or negatively influencing final strength of a construction element made from a concrete composite composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein include SIKA® RAPID®-1 and SIKA® RAPID®-2. A hydration controller control the hydration rate of cement, rather than just delaying set time providing more predicable set times and more consistent dosing. Non-limiting examples of a hydration controller disclosed herein include SIKATARD®. A hardening retarder creates optimal pore formation that protects against fire exposure and blast impacts. A hardening retarder slows the hydration reaction and controls heat dissipation in order to extend setting time. Non-limiting examples of a hardening retarder disclosed herein include SIKA® PLASTIMENT®.

[0039] A durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein is an admixture that aerates the slurry through air entrainment which results in improved cohesion, workability and durability with greater resistance to freeze-thaw cycles and tolerance to thermal exposure. Nonlimiting examples of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein include SIKA® Aer-46 and SIKA® AIR.

[0040] A viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein is an admixture that stabilizes the air void system and increases the overall concrete stability by increasing overall mix cohesiveness without promoting concrete stiffening thereby preventing segregation of rubber particles and FFRs. Nonlimiting examples of a viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein include SIKA® Stabilizer.

[0041] An anti-segregation admixture disclosed herein is an admixture that prevents the separation of cement paste and aggregates from each other and increases overall concrete stability by increasing overall mix cohesiveness without promoting concrete stiffening. Nonlimiting examples of an anti-segregation admixture disclosed herein include SIKA® STABLE.

[0042] The amount of an admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of an admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of an admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of an admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In somePCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems embodiments, the amount of an admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0043] The amount of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a water reducing admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0044] The amount of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a workability retaining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to aboutPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0045] The amount of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening accelerator disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0046] The amount of a hardening retarder disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening retarder disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening retarder disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening retarder disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a hardening retarder disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0047] The amount of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a durability enhancement or air entraining admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.

[0048] The amount of a viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein will depend on the desired form and use of the resulting protective building composition. In some embodiments, the amount of a viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at least 1%, at least 2.5%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of a viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., at most 1%, at most 2.5%, at most 5%, at most 10%, at most 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the amount of viscosity modifier admixture disclosed herein used in a protective building composition disclosed herein can be, e.g., about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2.5% to about 10%, about 2.5% to about 15%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 15%, or about 10% to about 15%, by weight of a protective building composition disclosed herein.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0049] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements are ballistic resistant. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can maintain its structural integrity against an impact speed of a 0.50 caliber projectile of, e.g., about 1 ,700 m / sec, about 1,800 m / sec, about 1,900 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec, about 2,100 m / sec, about 2,200 m / sec, about 2,300 m / sec, about 2,400 m / sec, or about 2,500 m / sec. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can maintain its structural integrity against an impact speed of a 0.50 caliber projectile of, e.g., at least 1,700 m / sec, at least 1 ,800 m / sec, at least 1,900 m / sec, at least 2,000 m / sec, at least 2,100 m / sec, at least 2,200 m / sec, at least 2,300 m / sec, at least 2,400 m / sec, or at least 2,500 m / sec. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can maintain its structural integrity against an impact speed of a 0.50 caliber projectile of, e.g., at most 1 ,700 m / sec, at most 1 ,800 m / sec, at most 1 ,900 m / sec, at most 2,000 m / sec, at most 2,100 m / sec, at most 2,200 m / sec, at most 2,300 m / sec, at most 2,400 m / sec, or at most 2,500 m / sec. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can maintain its structural integrity against an impact speed of a 0.50 caliber projectile of, e.g., about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 1 ,800 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 1,900 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,000 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,100 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,200 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 1 ,700 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 1 ,900 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,000 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,100 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,200 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 1 ,800 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,000 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,100 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,200 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 1 ,900 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec to about 2,100 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec to about 2,200 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 2,000 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 2, 100 m / sec to about 2,200 m / sec, about 2, 100 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 2,100 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 2,100 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 2,200 m / sec to about 2,300 m / sec, about 2,200 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 2,200 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, about 2,300 m / sec to about 2,400 m / sec, about 2,300 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec, or about 2,400 m / sec to about 2,500 m / sec,PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0050] A construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements are heat or fire resistance. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at temperatures of, e.g., about 750°C, about 1,000°C, about 1,250°C, about 1,500°C, about 2,000°C, about 2,500°C, or about 3,000°C. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at temperatures of, e.g., at least 750°C, at least 1,000°C, at least 1,250°C, at least 1,500°C, at least 2,000°C, at least 2,500°C, or at least 3,000°C. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at temperatures of, e.g., about 750°C to about 1,000°C, about 750°C to about 1,250°C, about 750°C to about 1,500°C, about 750°C to about 1,750°C, about 750°C to about 2,000°C, about 750°C to about 2,500°C, about 750°C to about 3,000°C, about 1 ,000°C to about 1 ,250°C, about 1 ,000°C to about 1 ,500°C, about 1,000°C to about 1,750°C, about 1,000°C to about 2,000°C, about 1,000°C to about 2,500°C, about 1,000°C to about 3,000°C, about 1,500°C to about 2,000°C, about 1,500°C to about 2,500°C, about 1,500°C to about 3,000°C, about 2,000°C to about 2,500°C, about 2,000°C to about 3,000°C, or about 2,500°C to about 3,000°C.

[0051] A construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements are wind resistance. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at wind speeds of, e.g., about 100 mph, about 125 mph, about 150 mph, about 175 mph, about 200 mph, about 250 mph, or about 300 mph. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at wind speeds of, e.g., at least 100 mph, at least 125 mph, at least 150 mph, at least 175 mph, at least 200 mph, at least 250 mph, or at least 300 mph. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein or a structure built using such a construction element can maintain its structural integrity at wind speeds of, e.g., about 100 mph to about 150 mph, about 100 mph to about 200 mph, about 100 mph to about 250 mph, about 100 mph to about 300 mph, about 150 mph to about 200 mph, about 150 mph to about 250 mph, about 150 mph to about 300 mph, about 200 mph to about 250 mph, about 200 mph to about 300 mph, or about 250 mph to about 300 mph.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0052] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements are seismic resistant due to enhanced energy dissipation and crackbridging properties. As used herein, “seismic resistant” refers to composite-driven and assemblylevel behaviors under earthquake excitation that maintain stability and strength while satisfying predetermined deformation limits.

[0053] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a fracture energy value of, e.g., about 150 N / m, about 200 N / m, about 250 N / m, about 300 N / m, about 350 N / m, about 400 N / m, about 450 N / m, about 500 N / m, about 550 N / m, or about 600 N / m. In other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a fracture energy value of, e.g., at least 150 N / m, at least 200 N / m, at least 250 N / m, at least 300 N / m, at least 350 N / m, at least 400 N / m, at least 450 N / m, at least 500 N / m, at least 550 N / m, or at least 600 N / m. In yet other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a fracture energy value of, e.g., at most 150 N / m, at most 200 N / m, at most 250 N / m, at most 300 N / m, at most 350 N / m, at most 400 N / m, at most 450 N / m, at most 500 N / m, at most 550 N / m, or at most 600 N / m. In still other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a fracture energy value of, e.g., about 150 N / m to about 200 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 250 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 300 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 350 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 400 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 150 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 250 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 300 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 350 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 400 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 200 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 300 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 350 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 400 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 250 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 350 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 400 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 300 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 350 N / m to about 400 N / m, about 350 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 350 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 350 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 350 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 400 N / m to about 450 N / m, about 400 N / m to about 500 N / m, about 400 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 400 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 450 N / m to about 500PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems N / m, about 450 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 450 N / m to about 600 N / m, about 500 N / m to about 550 N / m, about 500 N / m to about 600 N / m, or about 550 N / m to about 600 N / m.

[0054] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a post-cracking tensile hardening or a measured residual flexural strength value of, e.g., about 3 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 4 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 5 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, or about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. In other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a post-cracking tensile hardening or a measured residual flexural strength value of, e.g., at least 3 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at least 4 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at least 5 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at least 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at least 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, or at least 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. In yet other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a post-cracking tensile hardening or a measured residual flexural strength value of, e.g., at most 3 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at most 4 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at most 5 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at most 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, at most 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, or at most 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. In still other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a post-cracking tensile hardening or a measured residual flexural strength value of, e.g., about 3 MPa to about 4 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 3 MPa to about 5 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 3 MPa to about 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 3 MPa to about 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 3 MPa to about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 4 MPa to about 5 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 4 MPa to about 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 4 MPa to about 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 4 MPa to about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 5 MPa to about 6 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 5 MPa to about 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 5 MPa to about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 6 MPa to about 7 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, about 6 MPa to about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm, or about 7 MPa to about 8 MPa at CMOD = 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm.

[0055] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using suchPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems construction elements can have a hysteretic energy dissipation value of, e.g., about 1.5 kNm / cycle, about 1.75 kNm / cycle, about 2.0 kNm / cycle, about 2.25 kNm / cycle, about 2.5 k Nm / cycle, about 2.75 kNm / cycle, or about 3.0 kNm / cycle at a target drift. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a hysteretic energy dissipation value of, e.g., at least 1.5 kNm / cycle, at least 1.75 kNm / cycle, at least 2.0 kNm / cycle, at least 2.25 kNm / cycle, at least 2.5 k Nm / cycle, at least 2.75 kNm / cycle, or at least 3.0 kNm / cycle at a target drift. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a hysteretic energy dissipation value of, e.g., at most 1.5 kNm / cycle, at most 1.75 kNm / cycle, at most 2.0 kNm / cycle, at most 2.25 kNm / cycle, at most 2.5 k Nm / cycle, at most 2.75 kNm / cycle, or at most 3.0 kNm / cycle at a target drift. In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a hysteretic energy dissipation value of, e.g. , about 1.5 kNm / cycle to about 2.0 kNm / cycle, about 1.5 kNm / cycle to about 2.5 kNm / cycle, about 1.5 kNm / cycle to about 3.0 kNm / cycle, about 2.0 kNm / cycle to about 2.5 kNm / cycle, about 2.0 kNm / cycle to about 3.0 kNm / cycle, or about 2.5 kNm / cycle to about 3.0 kNm / cycle.

[0056] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a dynamic modulus retention value of, e.g., about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% after cyclic loading to the target drift. In other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a dynamic modulus retention value of, e.g., at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% after cyclic loading to the target drift. In yet other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a dynamic modulus retention value of, e.g., at most 85%, at most 90%, or at most 95% after cyclic loading to the target drift. In still other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a dynamic modulus retention value of, e.g., about 85% to about 90%, about 85% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 90%, after cyclic loading to the target drift.

[0057] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a residual crack width value of about 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm,PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems about 0.5 mm, or about 0.6 mm, at unload from the target drift. In other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a residual crack width value of at most 0.3 mm, at most 0.4 mm, at most 0.5 mm, or at most 0.6 mm, at unload from the target drift. In yet other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a residual crack width value of about 0.3 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 0.6 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 0.6 mm, at unload from the target drift.

[0058] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a peak drift capacity value of about 1.5%, about 1.75%, about 2.0%, about 2.25%, about 2.5% , about 2.75%, or about 3.0% with strength degradation less than about 20% at that drift. In other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a peak drift capacity value of at most 1.5%, at most 1.75%, at most 2.0%, at most 2.25%, at most 2.5% , at most 2.75%, or at most 3.0% with strength degradation less than about 20% at that drift. In yet other embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a peak drift capacity value of about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 1.5% to about 2.5%, about 1.5% to about 3.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.0% to about 3.0%, or about 2.5% to about 3.0%, with strength degradation less than about 20% at that drift.

[0059] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have a residual drift value of about 0.5% to 1.0% after unloading.

[0060] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have an overstrength value of about 1.5 Qoor greater at the qualifying drift.

[0061] In some embodiments, a construction element composed of a protective building composition disclosed herein, and wall, shelter, building or other structure constructed using such construction elements can have an equivalent viscous damping value of about 10% or greater at the qualifying drift.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and SystemsEXAMPLES

[0062] The following non-limiting examples are provided for illustrative purposes only in order to facilitate a more complete understanding of representative embodiments now contemplated. These examples should not be construed to limit any of the embodiments described in the present specification, including those pertaining to the compounds, compositions, or methods and uses disclosed herein.Example 1

[0063] In this example exemplary formulations are disclosed.

[0064] Table 1 lists five formulations of a protective building composition disclosed herein. These formulations are the basis for making a dry powder, ready-to-mix product. To make a slurry, water is added and once mixed, any admixtures are then added and mixed.

[0065] In closing, foregoing descriptions of embodiments of the present invention have been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is to be understood that, although aspects of the present invention are highlighted by referring to specific embodiments, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that these described embodiments are only illustrative of the principles comprising the present invention and such examples are not limiting thereto. As such, the specific embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. The use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the present invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the presentPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0066] In addition, groupings of alternative embodiments, elements, steps and / or limitations of the present invention are not to be construed as limitations. Each such grouping may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other groupings disclosed herein. It is anticipated that one or more alternative embodiments, elements, steps and / or limitations of a grouping may be included in, or deleted from, the grouping for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the grouping as modified, thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims. In addition, all methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. Therefore, it should be understood that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are in no way limited to a particular element, compound, composition, component, article, apparatus, methodology, use, protocol, step, and / or limitation described herein, unless expressly stated as such.

[0067] While aspects of the inventive subject matter have been described with reference to at least one exemplary embodiment, it is to be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that the inventive subject matter is not limited thereto. For example, although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that certain changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions, and subcombinations thereof can be made in accordance with the teachings herein without departing from the spirit of the present inventive subject matter. Thus, while the inventive subject matter is susceptible of various modifications and alternative embodiments, certain illustrated embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and will be described below in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the inventive subject matter to any specific form disclosed, but on the contrary, the inventive subject matter is to cover all modifications, alternative embodiments, and equivalents falling within the scope of the claims. It is intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions, and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the present inventive subject matter is not to be limited to that precisely as shown and described by this specification. Rather, the scope of the inventive subject matter is to be interpreted only inPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems conjunction with the appended claims and it is made clear, here, that the inventor(s) believe that the claimed subject matter is the inventive subject matter.

[0068] Certain embodiments of the present inventive subject matter are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for conducting the inventive subject matter. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the present inventive subject matter to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, this inventive subject matter includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the abovedescribed embodiments in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the inventive subject matter unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

[0069] The words, language, and terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, elements, steps and / or limitations only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present inventive subject matter, which is defined solely by the claims. In addition, such words, language, and terminology are to be understood not only in the sense of their commonly defined meanings, but to include by special definition in this specification structure, material or acts beyond the scope of the commonly defined meanings. Thus, if an element, step or limitation can be understood in the context of this specification as including more than one meaning, then its use in a claim must be understood as being generic to all possible meanings supported by the specification and by the word itself.

[0070] The definitions and meanings of the elements, steps or limitations recited in a claim set forth below are, therefore, defined in this specification to include not only the combination of elements, steps or limitations which are literally set forth, but all equivalent structure, material or acts for performing substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. In this sense it is therefore contemplated that an equivalent substitution of two or more elements, steps and / or limitations may be made for any one of the elements, steps or limitations in a claim set forth below or that a single element, step, or limitation may be substituted for two or more elements, steps and / or limitations in such a claim. Although elements, steps or limitations may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, it is to be expressly understood that one or more elements, steps and / or limitations from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination and that the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a subcombination. As such, notwithstanding the fact that the elements, steps and / or limitations of aPCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems claim are set forth below in a certain combination, it must be expressly understood that the inventive subject matter includes other combinations of fewer, more, or different elements, steps and / or limitations, which are disclosed in above combination even when not initially claimed in such combinations. Furthermore, insubstantial changes from the claimed subject matter as viewed by a person with ordinary skill in the art, now known or later devised, are expressly contemplated as being equivalently within the scope of the claims. Therefore, obvious substitutions now or later known to one with ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. Accordingly, the claims are thus to be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, what can be obviously substituted and also what essentially incorporates the essential idea of the inventive subject matter.

[0071] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing a characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, term, and so forth used in the present specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” As used herein, the term “about” means that the characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, or term so qualified encompasses a range of plus or minus ten percent above and below the value of the stated characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, or term. Similarly, as used herein, unless indicated to the contrary, the term “substantially” is a term of degree intended to indicate an approximation of the characteristic, item, quantity, parameter, property, or term so qualified, encompassing a range that can be understood and construed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical indication should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0072] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and values setting forth the broad scope of the inventive subject matter are approximations, the numerical ranges and values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical range or value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include only commercially practical values. Recitation of numerical ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate numerical value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value of a numerical range is incorporated into the present specification as if it werePCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems individually recited herein. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary.

[0073] Use of the terms “may” or “can” in reference to an embodiment or aspect of an embodiment also carries with it the alternative meaning of “may not” or “cannot.” As such, if the present specification discloses that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may be or can be included as part of the inventive subject matter, then the negative limitation or exclusionary proviso is also explicitly meant, meaning that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may not be or cannot be included as part of the inventive subject matter. In a comparable manner, use of the term “optionally” in reference to an embodiment or aspect of an embodiment means that such embodiment or aspect of the embodiment may be included as part of the inventive subject matter or may not be included as part of the inventive subject matter. Whether such a negative limitation or exclusionary proviso applies will be based on whether the negative limitation or exclusionary proviso is recited in the claimed subject matter.

[0074] The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar references used in the context of describing the present inventive subject matter (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Further, ordinal indicators - such as, e.g., “first,” “second,” “third,” etc. -for identified elements are used to distinguish between the elements, and do not indicate or imply a required or limited number of such elements, and do not indicate a particular position or order of such elements unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0075] When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the open-ended transitional term “comprising”, variations thereof such as, e.g., “comprise” and “comprises”, and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases thereof like “including”, “containing” and “having”, encompass all the expressly recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features alone or in combination with unrecited subject matter; the named elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features are essential, but other unnamed elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features may be added and still form a construct within the scope of the claim. Specific embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited in the claims using the closed-ended transitional phrases “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of’ (or variations thereof such as, e.g., “consist of’, “consists of’, “consist essentially of’, and “consists essentially of’) in lieu of or as an amendment for “comprising.” When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting of’ excludes any element, limitation, step, integer, or feature not expressly recited in the claims. The closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the expressly recited elements, limitations,PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems steps, integers, and / or features and any other elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. Thus, the meaning of the open-ended transitional phrase “comprising” is being defined as encompassing all the specifically recited elements, limitations, steps and / or features as well as any optional, additional unspecified ones. The meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting of’ is being defined as only including those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features specifically recited in the claim, whereas the meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase “consisting essentially of’ is being defined as only including those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features specifically recited in the claim and those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. Therefore, the open-ended transitional phrase “comprising” (and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases thereof) includes within its meaning, as a limiting case, claimed subject matter specified by the closed-ended transitional phrases “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of.” As such, the embodiments described herein or so claimed with the phrase “comprising” expressly and unambiguously provide description, enablement, and support for the phrases “consisting essentially of’ and “consisting of.”

[0076] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C .... and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

[0077] Any claims intended to be treated under 35 U.S.C. §112(f) will begin with the words “means for,” but use of the term “for” in any other context is not intended to invoke treatment under 35 U.S.C. §112(f). Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to pursue additional claims after filing this application, in either this application or in a continuing application.

[0078] It should be understood that the methods and the order in which the respective elements of each method are performed are purely exemplary. Depending on the implementation, they may be performed in any order or in parallel, unless indicated otherwise in the present disclosure.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems

[0079] Finally, all patents, patent publications, and other references cited and identified in the present specification are individually and expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. These publications are provided solely fortheir disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge from any country. In addition, where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply. Lastly, nothing in this regard is or should be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or for any other reason. All statements as to the date or representation as to the contents of these documents are based on the information available to the applicant and do not constitute any admission as to the correctness of the dates or contents of these documents.

Claims

1. PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and SystemsCLAIMS1. A protective building composition formulated as a dry powder and comprising a geopolymer cement, one or more aggregates, and one or more fine fiber reinforcements.

2. The protective building composition of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymer cement comprising ordinary Portland cement and one or more polymer binders, or one or more liquid resins or both one or more polymer binders and one or more liquid resins.

3. The protective building composition of claim 2, wherein the one or more liquid resins include a methacrylate resin, an epoxy resin, a furan resin, a polyester resin, a vinylester resin, or any combination thereof.

4. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the one or more aggregates include fiberglass particles, rubber particles, seed or nut particles, or any combination thereof.

5. The protective building composition of claim 4, wherein the fiberglass particles can be newly produced or made from recycled fiberglass elements.

6. The protective building composition of claim 4, wherein the rubber particles can be newly produced or made from recycled rubber elements.

7. The protective building composition of claim 4, wherein the hard organic material particles from plants are seeds, nuts or other densely hard plant material.

8. The protective building composition of claim 4, wherein the hard organic material particles are from coffee beans and coconut shells.

9. The protective building composition of claim 4, wherein the one or more aggregates have an average particle size range of about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

10. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements include steel particles, plastic particles, textile particles, or any combination thereof.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 11. The protective building composition of claim 10, wherein the textile particles can be newly produced or made from recycled textile elements.

12. The protective building composition of claim 10, wherein the textile particles are carpet particles.

13. The protective building composition of claim 10, wherein the plastic particles include polypropylene particles, high density polyethylene particles, or any combination thereof.

14. The protective building composition of claim 10, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcement have an average particles length range of about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, about 0.1 mm to 1 mm, about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

15. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-14, further comprising one or more admixtures.

16. The protective building composition of claim 15, wherein the one or more admixtures include a water reducing admixture, a workability retaining admixture, a set control and hardening accelerator, a durability enhancement admixture, an air entraining admixture, a viscosity modifier admixture, or any combination thereof.

17. The protective building composition of claim 15, wherein the set control and hardening accelerator is a hardening accelerator or a hardening retarder.

18. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the amount of the geopolymer cement is about 35% to about 65%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 50%, about 45% to about 55%, about 50% to about 60% by weight of the protective building composition.

19. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 15% to about 40%, about 20% to about 35%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40% by weight of the protective building composition.

20. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 5% to about 30%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30% by weight of the protective building composition.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems21. The protective building composition of any one of claims 15-20, wherein the amount of the one or more admixtures is about 1% to 15%, about 1% to 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15% by weight of the protective building composition.

22. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-21 , wherein the amount of geopolymer cement is about 40% by weight of the protective building composition, the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 35% by weight of the protective building composition, and the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 25% by weight of the protective building composition.

23. The protective building composition of claim 22, wherein the one or more aggregates is composed of about 15% by weight of the protective building composition of fiberglass particles, about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of rubber particles, and about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of coffee bean particles.

24. The protective building composition of claim 22 or 23, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is composed of about 15% by weight of the protective building composition of steel particles and about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of plastic particles.

25. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-21 , wherein the amount of geopolymer cement is about 50% by weight of the protective building composition, the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 25% by weight of the protective building composition, and the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 15% by weight of the protective building composition.

26. The protective building composition of claim 25, wherein the one or more aggregates is composed of about 15% by weight of the protective building composition of fiberglass particles, about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of rubber particles, and about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of coffee bean particles.

27. The protective building composition of claim 25 or 26, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is composed of about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of steel particles.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems 28. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-21 , wherein the amount of geopolymer cement is about 45% by weight of the protective building composition, the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 20% by weight of the protective building composition, and the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 25% by weight of the protective building composition.

29. The protective building composition of claim 28, wherein the one or more aggregates is composed of about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of rubber particles and about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of coffee bean particles.

30. The protective building composition of claim 28 or 29, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is composed of about 12.5% by weight of the protective building composition of plastic particles and about 12.5% by weight of the protective building composition of textile particles.

31. The protective building composition of any one of claims 28-30, further comprising one or more admixtures in an amount of about 10% by weight of the protective building composition.

32. The protective building composition of claim 31, wherein the one or more admixtures is composed of about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of a hardening accelerator and about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of an air entraining admixture.

33. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-21 , wherein the amount of geopolymer cement is about 55% by weight of the protective building composition, the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 35% by weight of the protective building composition, and the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 10% by weight of the protective building composition.

34. The protective building composition of claim 33, wherein the one or more aggregates is composed of about 25% by weight of the protective building composition of fiberglass particles and about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of rubber particles.

35. The protective building composition of claim 33 or 34, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is composed of about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of plastic particles and about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of textile particles.PCT Patent Application UE3BP1-0002WC Dillion, Protective Building Compositions, Uses, Products and Systems36. The protective building composition of any one of claims 1-21 , wherein the amount of geopolymer cement is about 60% by weight of the protective building composition, the amount of the one or more aggregates is about 30% by weight of the protective building composition, and the amount of the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is about 10% by weight of the protective building composition.

37. The protective building composition of claim 36, wherein the one or more aggregates is composed of about 20% by weight of the protective building composition of fiberglass particles and about 10% by weight of the protective building composition of rubber particles.

38. The protective building composition of claim 36 or 37, wherein the one or more fine fiber reinforcements is composed of about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of plastic particles and about 5% by weight of the protective building composition of textile particles.

39. A method of making a structure, the method comprisingmixing a protective building composition as defined in any one of claims 1-38 with water to create a slurry;employing a 3D-printing equipment to form the structure using the slurry.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the structure is a building.

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