Systems and methods for ammonia storage controls based on dynamic ammonia storage profile management

Abstract

A system includes a controller coupled to a reductant dosing system of an aftertreatment system in exhaust gas receiving communication with an engine, the controller including one or more processors and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include receiving, from one or more sensors, a temperature value regarding the aftertreatment system, adjusting an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value, and implementing one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

Description

Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AMMONIA STORAGE CONTROLS BASED ON DYNAMIC AMMONIA STORAGE PROFILE MANAGEMENTCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION[0001 ) This PCT Application claims the benefit of and priority to U. S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 748,950, filed January 23, 2025, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for ammonia storage controls based on dynamic ammonia storage profile management.BACKGROUND

[0003] Exhaust aftertreatment systems are generally designed to reduce emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons, and other environmentally harmful pollutants (e.g., greenhouse gases, sulfur oxides, etc.). Reduction of emissions is accomplished via a combination of catalysts within the aftertreatment system (e.g., an SCR catalyst) and of a reductant (e.g., ammonia) added to the exhaust gas stream. Injected reductant in the exhaust gas in the presence of certain catalysts react to convert harmful emissions to less environmentally harmful emissions (e.g., NOx to nitrogen and water). However, unused reductant can be released into the atmosphere or otherwise accumulate in the aftertreatment system (or other components) thereby adversely affecting the efficacy of the aftertreatment system.SUMMARY

[0004] One embodiment relates to a system. The system includes a controller coupled to a reductant dosing system of an aftertreatment system in exhaust gas receiving communication with an engine, the controller including one or more processors and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one -1- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703or more processors to perform operations including: receiving a temperature value regarding the aftertreatment system; adjusting an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; and implementing one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

[0005] Another embodiment relates to a method. The method includes receiving, by a controller, a temperature value regarding an aftertreatment system; adjusting, by the controller, an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; and implementing, by the controller, one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

[0006] Still another embodiment relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include receiving a temperature value regarding an aftertreatment system; adjusting an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; and implementing one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

[0007] Numerous specific details are provided to impart a thorough understanding of embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure. The described features of the subject matter of the present disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments and / or implementations. In this regard, one or more features of an aspect of the invention may be combined with one or more features of a different aspect of the invention. Moreover, additional features may be recognized in certain embodiments and / or implementations that may not be present in all embodiments or implementations.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG. l is a block diagram of an engine system, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller of the engine system of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.-2- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703

[0010] FIG. 3 is a graphical depiction of a catalyst member, shown in a first configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 4 is a graphical depiction of the catalyst member of FIG. 4, shown in a second configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing a method of managing an ammonia storage profile in the system of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment.|00.131 FIG. 6 is a chart depicting an ammonia slip quantity, according to an exemplary embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and implementations of, systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media for implementing one or more ammonia storage controls based on dynamically managing an ammonia storage profile. Before turning to the figures, which illustrate certain exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.

[0015] Systems and methods for dynamically managing and controlling an engine-exhaust gas aftertreatment system including managing and controlling ammonia (i.e., reductant) and a system out NOx via an on-board integrated model of a controller for the system are described in U.S. Application No. 18 / 268,054, filed December 17, 2021, titled “AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM NOx AND AMMONIA CONTROL STRATEGY,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0016] Referring to the Figures generally, the various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer readable media for managing an ammonia storage profile. Exhaust aftertreatment systems are intended to treat exhaust gases -3- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703and mitigate undesirable exhaust gas emissions, such as NOx emissions. Exhaust aftertreatment systems may include a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, and among potentially other components, an ammonia slip (ASC) catalyst (or AMOX). As exhaust gas passes through these various components, harmful pollutants and particulates are removed from the exhaust gas. For example, the SCR may utilize a two-step process: a doser injects a reductant into the exhaust stream, and then the exhaust stream passes through a SCR catalyst that converts the exhaust gas into less harmful constituents that can be released into the atmosphere (particularly, conversion of NOx into less harmful compounds). However, if too much of this reductant (in one embodiment, ammonia) is present in the exhaust gas or on the SCR catalyst (i.e., in storage), the ammonia fails to completely react with the catalyst and is released into the atmosphere. “Ammonia slip” refers to the excess ammonia that does not react with the catalyst, which may build up in the aftertreatment system and / or be released into the atmosphere. Some aftertreatment systems include the AMOX in order to reduce any un-reacted ammonia in the exhaust, but these AMOX may not be completely effective. Further, in those embodiments in which the AMOX is omitted, proper management of the SCR and reductant is desired in order to reduce or eliminate the amount of ammonia slip. The systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer readable media of the present disclosure are operable to reduce an amount of ammonia slip while maintaining a desired level of NOx reduction, by, for example, adjusting the ammonia storage profile.

[0017] The “ammonia storage profile” refers to a model-based representation (e.g., profile) of a catalyst member. The ammonia storage profile defines a “control boundary” of the catalyst member. The “control boundary” refers to theoretical or imaginary boundary between portions of the catalyst member. By way of example, the control boundary divides the catalyst member into two or more portions (e.g., at least a first portion or front portion and a second portion or back portion). The ammonia storage profile defines a size (e.g., length, volume, etc.) of each portion of the catalyst member (e.g., by setting a position of the control boundary along the length of the catalyst member). The size may be expressed as a length of the portion (e.g., in-4- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703inches or centimeters), a volume of the portion (e.g., in cubic inches or liters), or as percentage of the whole catalyst member.

[0018] Adjusting the ammonia storage profile (e.g., changing from a current or previous ammonia storage profile to a new, desired, or target ammonia storage profile) includes adjusting (e.g., increasing or decreasing) the size of one or more portions of the catalyst member (e.g., by changing the location of the control boundary), referred to herein as “dynamic partitioning” of the catalyst member. Advantageously, by adjusting the size of one or more portions of the catalyst member the amount of ammonia storage per unit size (e.g., per unit length, per unit volume, or per percentage of the catalyst member) is changed. According to an example embodiment, the change in the amount of ammonia storage per unit size can improve (e.g., decrease) an amount of ammonia slip. That is, dynamic partitioning of the catalyst member can mitigate ammonia slip while providing sufficient ammonia to the catalyst member to keep the conversion efficiency of the catalyst member at or above a desired value.

[0019] A conventional control system for a catalyst member may set an imaginary boundary around part of the system (e.g., the catalyst member) such that the conventional control system is operable to control the ammonia storage within the boundary. In the conventional control system, the imaginary boundary is fixed and unchanging. Advantageously, the improved control systems described herein provide for dynamic partitioning of the catalyst member, enabling a variable control boundary or a variable control volume. As such, the boundary (e.g., the control boundary or the size of one or more portions of the catalyst member) can change as a function of flow rate, temperature, or engine-out NOx (EONOx). By way of example, when temperatures are high (e.g., at or above a predefined threshold), the ammonia storage profile is adjusted to move the control boundary, in order to decrease a size of the first portion of the catalyst member while increasing a size of the second portion of the catalyst member. As a result, the catalyst member is divided into a relatively small front portion and a relatively large back portion. Conversely, at relatively lower temperatures (e.g., temperatures at or below a predefined threshold), the ammonia storage profile is adjusted to move the control boundary, in order to increase a size of the first portion of the catalyst member while decreasing a size of the-5- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703second portion of the catalyst member. As a result, the catalyst member is divided into a relatively larger front portion and a relatively smaller back portion.

[0020] In an example implementation, the control system may adjust the size of each portion of the catalyst member to meet system-out NOx (SONOx) requirements robustly when component variation is introduced while mitigating ammonia slip. Under certain operating conditions ammonia slips downstream of a SCR catalyst member leading to NOx make across a downstream catalyst (e.g., an ammonia slip catalyst, an ammonia oxidation catalyst, etc.). However, due to the conversion of ammonia into NOx, it may be difficult to distinguish ammonia slip conditions from lower NOx conversion at the SCR catalyst. Advantageously, the systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer readable media described herein provide improved controls that (i) improve SCR ammonia storage management and (ii) mitigate ammonia slip during temperature transitions with the goal of maintaining SCR NOx conversion performance while minimizing ammonia slip. Furthermore, as described in greater detail herein, an amount of ammonia storage can be controlled for each portion of the catalyst.[00211 Technically and beneficially, the systems, methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer readable media described herein provide an improved control system that uses sensor data to adjust the ammonia storage profile automatically and selectively. The control system described herein advantageously utilizes a particular control strategy to control the ammonia storage profile based on, for example, data regarding the aftertreatment system such as the exhaust gas flowing therethrough. That is, the systems and methods described herein provide a technical solution to the technical problem of adjusting the ammonia storage profile based on information regarding the engine system, particularly the aftertreatment system, by using a particular computer-based process that advantageously optimizes a model-based dosing process. Advantageously, the ammonia storage profile is adjusted automatically (e.g., without user input). These and other features and benefits are described more fully herein below.

[0022] Now referring to FIG. 1, a schematic view of a block diagram of a system, shown as a vehicle system 100 is depicted, according to an example embodiment. The system 100 includes an engine 101 and an aftertreatment system 120 in exhaust gas receiving communication with-6- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703the engine 101. The system 100 may also include a controller 140 and an operator input / output (I / O) device (shown in FIG. 2), where the controller 140 is communicably coupled to each of the aforementioned components. In the configuration of FIG. 1, the system 100 is included in a vehicle. The vehicle may be any type of on-road or off-road vehicle including, but not limited to, wheel -loaders, fork-lift trucks, line-haul trucks, mid-range trucks (e.g., pick-up truck, etc.), sedans, coupes, tanks, airplanes, boats, and any other type of vehicle. In another embodiment, the system 100 may be embodied in a stationary piece of equipment, such as a power generator or genset. All such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0023] The engine 101 may be any type of internal combustion engine that generates exhaust gas, such as a gasoline, natural gas, or diesel engine, and / or any other suitable engine. In the example depicted, the engine 101 is a part of a diesel engine system. In other embodiments, the engine 101 is part of a hybrid engine system having a combination of an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor coupled to at least one battery. In some embodiments, the hybrid engine system may be configured as a mild-hybrid powertrain, a parallel hybrid powertrain, a series hybrid powertrain, or a series-parallel powertrain.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, an intake air throttle (IAT) valve 102, a fuel module 103, and an oil system 104 are coupled to the engine 101. The IAT valve 102 is structured to control an amount of air supplied to the engine 101. The fuel module 103 is structured to provide fuel to the engine 101 (e.g., from a fuel source). The fuel module 103 may control one or more fueling parameters including a fuel amount, a fuel pressure, a fuel injection timing, etc. The oil system 104 is configured to provide a lubricant (e.g., lubricant oil) to the engine 101.

[0025] The IAT valve 102 is a valve positioned at an air inlet of the engine 101. The IAT valve 102 may be actuated (e.g., by an actuator controlled by the controller 140) between an open position and a closed position. In the open position, the IAT valve 102 allows a maximum amount of air to flow from the air intake to the engine 101. In the closed position, the IAT valve 102 allows a minimum amount of air to flow from the air intake to the engine 101. The controller 140 may selectively actuate the IAT valve 102 (e.g., by controlling the actuator) in a-7- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703plurality of positions between and / or including the open position and the closed position to adjust the amount of air received by the engine 101.

[0026] The aftertreatment system 120 is in exhaust-gas receiving communication with the engine 101. In the example depicted, the aftertreatment system includes a first catalyst member, shown as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 121, a filter (e.g., a particulate filter), shown as a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 122, and a second catalyst member, shown as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system 123. In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system 120 includes a third catalyst member, shown as an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) 128. In other embodiments, the third catalyst member is an ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX). The DOC 121, the DPF 122, and the SCR 123 may be fluidly coupled by an exhaust gas conduit. The DOC 121 is structured to receive the exhaust gas from the engine 101 and to oxidize one or more exhaust gas constituents (e.g., hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc.) in the exhaust gas. The DPF 122 is arranged or positioned downstream of the DOC 121 and structured to remove particulates or particulate matter, such as soot, from exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust gas stream. The DPF 122 includes an inlet, where the exhaust gas is received, and an outlet, where the exhaust gas exits after having particulate matter substantially filtered from the exhaust gas. In some implementations, the DPF 122 or other components may be omitted and / or other components added (e.g., a second SCR system having an additional dosing unit or module, multiple DOCs, etc.). Additionally, although a particular arrangement is shown for the aftertreatment system 120 in FIG. 1, the arrangement of components within the aftertreatment system 120 may be different in other embodiments (e.g., the DPF 122 positioned downstream of the SCR 123 and ASC).

[0027] The aftertreatment system 120 may further include a reductant delivery system which may include a decomposition chamber (e.g., decomposition reactor, reactor pipe, decomposition tube, reactor tube, etc.) to convert a reductant into ammonia, shown as a dosing module or unit 124 (e.g., a reductant dosing system). The reductant may be, for example, urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), Adblue®, a urea water solution (UWS), an aqueous urea solution (e.g., AUS32, etc.), and other similar fluids. The dosing module 124 may include a reservoir, a pump, and a nozzle (and potentially other components or devices). The reservoir may be -8- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703structured to store the reductant. The pump may be fluidly coupled to the reservoir and the nozzle by a dosing conduit and structured to pump the reductant from the reservoir to the nozzle. The nozzle may provide the reductant to the exhaust gas within the exhaust gas conduit. The reductant fluid is added to the exhaust gas stream to aid in the catalytic reduction. As shown in FIG. 1, the reductant may be injected upstream of the SCR 123 generally (or in particular, the SCR catalyst) by the dosing module 124 such that the SCR catalyst receives a mixture of the reductant and exhaust gas. The reductant droplets then undergo the processes of evaporation, thermolysis, and hydrolysis to form gaseous ammonia within the decomposition chamber, the SCR catalyst, and / or the exhaust gas conduit system, which leaves the aftertreatment system 120.|(H>28) The DOC 121 is fluidly coupled to the exhaust gas conduit system to oxidize one or more gas constituents (e.g., hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, etc.) of the exhaust gas. In order to properly assist in the oxidation of the one or more gas constituents, the DOC 121 may be required to be at a certain operating temperature. In some embodiments, this certain operating temperature is approximately between 200-500° C. In other embodiments, the certain operating temperature is the temperature at which the conversion efficiency of the DOC 121 exceeds a predefined threshold (e.g., the conversion of hydrocarbons to less harmful compounds, which is known as the hydrocarbons conversion efficiency).

[0029] The SCR 123 is configured to assist in the reduction of NOx emissions by accelerating a NOx reduction process between the ammonia and the NOx of the exhaust gas into diatomic nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). If the SCR catalyst is not at or above a certain temperature, the acceleration of the NOx reduction process is limited and the SCR 123 may not be operating at a level of a desired conversion efficiency (i.e., a value indicative of an amount of reduction of NOx emissions, also referred to as “deNOx efficiency”). In some embodiments, this certain temperature is approximately 200-600° C. The SCR catalyst may be made from a combination of an inactive material and an active catalyst, such that the inactive material (e.g. ceramic substrate) directs the exhaust gas towards the active catalyst, which is any sort of material suitable for catalytic reduction (e.g. metal exchanged zeolite (Fe or Cu / zeolite), base metals oxides like vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.).-9- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0030} In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system 120 includes more than one SCR 123. For example, the aftertreatment system 120 may include a first SCR 123 and a second SCR 123. In one configuration the first SCR 123 and the second SCR 123 are provided in series (e.g., one downstream of the other). In another configuration, the first SCR 123 and the second SCR 123 are provided in parallel (e.g., such that the flow of exhaust gas is split between the first SCR 123 and the second SCR 123 and is rejoined downstream of the first SCR 123 and the second SCR 123).

[0031] When ammonia in the exhaust gas does not react with the SCR catalyst (either because the SCR 123 is below operating temperature or because the amount of dosed ammonia greatly exceeds the amount of NOR), the unreacted ammonia may bind to the SCR catalyst, becoming stored in the SCR 123. This stored ammonia is released from the SCR 123 as the SCR 123 warms, which can cause issues if the amount of ammonia released is greater than the amount of NOx passing through (i.e., more ammonia than needed for the amount of NOx, which can lead to ammonia slip). In some embodiments, the ASC 128 is included and structured to address ammonia slip by removing at least some excess ammonia from the treated exhaust gas before the treated exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere. As exhaust gas passes through the ASC 128, some of unreacted ammonia (i.e., unreacted with NOx) remaining in the exhaust gas is partially oxidized to NOx, which then consequently reacts with the remaining unreacted ammonia to form N2 gas and water. However, similar to the SCR catalyst, if the ASC 128 is not at or above a certain temperature, the acceleration of the NH3 reduction process is limited and the ASC 128 may not be operating at a level of efficiency to meet regulations or desired parameters. In some embodiments, this certain temperature is approximately 250-300° C.

[0032] As shown, a plurality of sensors 125 are included in the aftertreatment system 120. The number, placement, and type of sensors included in the aftertreatment system 120 is shown for example purposes only. That is, in other configurations, the number, placement, and type of sensors may differ. The sensors 125 may be gas constituent sensors (e.g., NOx sensors, oxygen sensors, etc.), temperature sensors, particulate matter (PM) sensors, flow rate sensors (e.g., mass flow rate sensors, volumetric flow rate sensors, etc.), other exhaust gas emissions constituents sensors, pressure sensors, some combination thereof, and so on. The gas-10- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703constituent sensors may include an oxygen sensor that is structured to acquire data indicative of the presence of oxygen in the exhaust gas. The data from the oxygen sensor may be used to estimate an AFR value. The flow rate sensors may include a mass air flow (MAF) sensor structured to acquire data indicative of a mass flow rate of the exhaust gas. The temperature sensors are structured to acquire data indicative of a temperature value at each location that the temperature sensor is located.[0033) The sensors 125 may be located in or proximate the engine 101, after the engine 101 and before the aftertreatment system 120, after the aftertreatment system 120, in the aftertreatment system as shown (e.g., coupled to the DPF and / or DOC, coupled to the SCR, etc.), upstream of the engine 101, etc. It should be understood that the location of the sensors may vary. In one embodiment, there may be sensors 125 located both before and after the aftertreatment system 120. In one embodiment, at least one of the sensors is structured as exhaust gas constituent sensors (e.g., CO, NOx, PM, SOx, etc. sensors). In another embodiment, at least one of the sensors 125 is structured as non-exhaust gas constituent sensors that are used to estimate exhaust gas emissions (e.g., temperature, flowrate, pressure, etc.). Additional sensors may be also included with the system 100. The sensors may include engine-related sensors (e.g., torque sensors, speed sensors, pressure sensors, flowrate sensors, temperature sensors, etc ). For example, in some embodiments, at least one of the sensors 125 is structured as an oil temperature sensor that is used to detect and / or determine an engine oil temperature. The sensors may further include sensors associated with other components of the vehicle (e.g., speed sensor of a turbo charger, fuel quantity and injection rate sensor, fuel rail pressure sensor, etc.).

[0034] The sensors 125 may be real or virtual (i.e., a non-physical sensor that is structured as program logic in the controller 140 that makes various estimations or determinations). For example, an engine speed sensor may be a real or virtual sensor arranged to measure or otherwise acquire data, values, or information indicative of a speed of the engine 101 (typically expressed in revolutions-per-minute). The sensor is coupled to the engine (when structured as a real sensor), and is structured to send a signal to the controller 140 indicative of the speed of the engine 101. When structured as a virtual sensor, at least one input may be used by the -11- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703controller 140 in an algorithm, model, lookup table, etc. to determine or estimate a parameter of the engine (e.g., power output, etc.). Any of the sensors 125 described herein may be real or virtual.

[0035] The controller 140 is coupled and, particularly communicably coupled, to the sensors 125. Accordingly, the controller 140 is structured to receive data from one more of the sensors 125 and provide instruct! ons / informati on to the one or more sensors 125. The controller 140 may use the received data to control one more components in the system 100 and / or for monitoring and thermal management purposes.

[0036] The operator input / output (I / O) device 130 (shown in FIG. 2) may be coupled to the controller 140, such that information may be exchanged between the controller 140 and the I / O device 130, where the information may relate to one or more components of FIG. 1 or determinations (described below) of the controller 140. The operator I / O device 130 enables an operator of the system 100 to communicate with the controller 140 and one or more components of the system 100 of FIG. 1. For example, the operator input / output device may include, but is not limited to, an interactive display, a touchscreen device, one or more buttons and switches, voice command receivers, etc. In this way, the operator input / output device 130 may provide one or more indications or notifications to an operator, such as a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL), etc. Additionally, the vehicle may include a port that enables the controller 140 to connect or couple to a scan tool so that fault codes and other information regarding the vehicle may be obtained.

[0037] In some embodiments, the operator VO device 130 includes an operator interface device. In some embodiments, the operator interface device is a button or a switch, such as a momentary switch. In other embodiments, the operator interface device is or is part of a graphical user interface provided on a display of the operator I / O device 130. For example, the operator interface device may be an interactable icon or similar element of a graphical user interface that a user can select via a touch input or with another device, such as a keyboard or mouse. In some embodiments, the operator VO device 130 includes processing circuitry that-12- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703enables communication between the operator interface device and the controller 140 (e.g., wired and wireless connections).

[0038] The controller 140 is structured to control, at least partly, the operation of the system 100 and associated sub-systems, such as the engine 101 and the operator I / O device 130.Communication between and among the components may be via any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, a wired connection may include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired connection. In comparison, a wireless connection may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, radio, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network (CAN) bus provides the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Because the controller 140 is communicably coupled to the systems and components of FIG. 1, the controller 140 is structured to receive data from one or more of the components shown in FIG. 1. The structure and function of the controller 140 is further described in regard to FIG. 2.

[0039] As the components of FIG. 1 are shown to be embodied in a vehicle, the controller 140 may be structured as one or more electronic control units (ECUs), such as one or more microcontrollers. The controller 140 may be separate from or included with at least one of a transmission control unit, an exhaust aftertreatment control unit, a powertrain control module, an engine control module, etc.

[0040] Now referring to FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of the controller 140 of the system 100 of FIG. 1 is shown, according to an example embodiment. As shown, the controller 140 includes at least one processing circuit 202 having at least one processor 204 and at least one memory device 206, an ammonia storage management circuit 212, and a communications interface 216. The controller 140 is structured to selectively implement one or more controls to reduce an amount of ammonia slip while maintaining a desired level of NOx reduction.

[0041] In one configuration, the ammonia storage management circuit 212 is embodied as machine or computer-readable media storing instructions that are executable by a processor, such as processor 204. As described herein and amongst other uses, the machine-readable media facilitates performance of certain operations to enable reception and transmission of -13- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703data. For example, the machine-readable media may provide an instruction (e.g., command, etc.) to, e.g., acquire data. In this regard, the machine-readable media may include programmable logic that defines the frequency of acquisition of the data (or, transmission of the data). The computer readable media instructions may include code, which may be written in any programming language including, but not limited to, Java or the like and any conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may be executed on one processor or multiple remote processors. In the latter scenario, the remote processors may be connected to each other through any type of network (e.g., CAN bus, etc.).

[0042] In another configuration, ammonia storage management circuit 212 is embodied as one or more hardware units, such as one or more electronic control units. As such, reductant dosing control circuit 212 ammonia storage management circuit 212 may be embodied as one or more circuitry components including, but not limited to, processing circuitry, network interfaces, peripheral devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, etc. In some embodiments, the ammonia storage management circuit 212 may take the form of one or more analog circuits, electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuits (IC), discrete circuits, system on a chip (SOCs) circuits, microcontrollers, etc.), telecommunication circuits, hybrid circuits, and any other type of “circuit.” In this regard, ammonia storage management circuit 212 may include any type of component for accomplishing or facilitating achievement of the operations described herein. For example, a circuit as described herein may include one or more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, etc.), resistors, multiplexers, registers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, and so on. The ammonia storage management circuit 212 may also include or be programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or the like. The ammonia storage management circuit 212 may include one or more memory devices for storing instructions that are executable by the processor(s) of the ammonia storage management circuit 212. The one or more memory devices and processor(s) may have the same definition as provided below with respect to the memory device 206 and processor 204. In some hardware unit configurations, the ammonia storage management circuit 212 may be geographically-14- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703dispersed throughout separate locations in the vehicle. Alternatively and as shown, the ammonia storage management circuit 212 may be embodied in or within a single unit / housing, which is shown as the controller 140.

[0043] In the example shown, the controller 140 includes the processing circuit 202 having the processor 204 and the memory device 206. The processing circuit 202 may be structured or configured to execute or implement the instructions, commands, and / or control processes described herein with respect to the ammonia storage management circuit 212. The depicted configuration represents the ammonia storage management circuit 212 being embodied as machine or computer-readable media storing instructions. However, as mentioned above, this illustration is not meant to be limiting as the present disclosure contemplates other embodiments where the ammonia storage management circuit 212 is configured as a hardware unit. All such combinations and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0044] The processor 204 may be implemented as one or more single- or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or suitable processors (e.g., other programmable logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. to perform the functions described herein). A processor may be a microprocessor, a group of processors, etc. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may be shared by multiple circuits (e.g., the ammonia storage management circuit 212 may comprise or otherwise share the same processor which, in some example embodiments, may execute instructions stored, or otherwise accessed, via different areas of memory). Alternatively or additionally, the one or more processors may be structured to perform or otherwise execute certain operations independent of one or more co-processors. In other example embodiments, two or more processors may be coupled via a bus to enable independent, parallel, pipelined, or multi-threaded instruction execution. All such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.-15- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0045} The memory device 206 (e.g., memory, memory unit, storage device) may include one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash memory, hard disk storage) for storing data and / or computer code for completing or facilitating the various processes, layers and modules described in the present disclosure. For example, the memory device 206 may include dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). The memory device 206 may be communicably connected to the processor 204 to provide computer code or instructions to the processor 204 for executing at least some of the processes described herein. Moreover, the memory device 206 may be or include tangible, non-transient volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Accordingly, the memory device 206 may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0046] The communications interface 216 may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wire terminals) for conducting data communications with various systems, devices, or networks structured to enable in-vehicle communications (e.g., between and among the components of the vehicle) and out-of-vehicle communications (e.g., with a remote server). For example, and regarding out-of-vehicle / system communications, the communications interface 216 may include an Ethernet card and port for sending and receiving data via an Ethernet-based communications network and / or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating via a wireless communications network. The communications interface 216 may be structured to communicate via local area networks or wide area networks (e.g., the Internet) and may use a variety of communications protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, radio, cellular, near field communication).

[0047] In some embodiments, the controller 140 and / or one or more components thereof, such as the ammonia storage management circuit 212, is configured to facilitate to selectively implement one or more controls to reduce an amount of ammonia slip while maintaining a desired level of NOx reduction. In some embodiments, the controller 140 and / or one or more components thereof, such as the ammonia storage management circuit 212, is configured to adjust the ammonia storage profile for the SCR 123.-16- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0048} As described above, the ammonia storage profile is a model-based representation (e.g., profile) of a catalyst member, such as the SCR 123 (and / or other catalysts). The representation of the SCR 123 is divided into two or more portions (e.g., at least a first portion or front portion and a second portion or back portion). The two or more portions are theoretical amounts of the SCR 123 that are defined by the ammonia storage profile. With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, graphical depictions of a catalyst member, shown as the SCR 123, are shown, according to various example embodiments. The SCR 123 includes a first portion 152 (e.g., the “front zone”) and a second portion 154 (e.g., the “back zone”) that is downstream of the first portion 152. A size of each of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154 may be expressed as a length (e.g., an axial length measured in inches or centimeters), a volume (measured in cubic inches, cubic centimeters, or liters), or as a percentage of the whole SCR 123.

[0049] Although the SCR 123 is depicted as being as divided into several partitions in FIGS. 3 and 4 (e.g., by the vertical lines extending through the SCR 123), it should be understood that the SCR 123 is not necessarily divided into the several partitions shown. For example, in some embodiments, the SCR 123 may be divided into more or fewer partitions (having smaller or larger sizes, respectively). In other embodiments, the SCR 123 is not divided into partitions. That is, the SCR 123 is shown as being divided into partitions for illustration purposes only.

[0050] In some embodiments, the SCR 123 includes an upstream portion 156. The upstream portion 156 is at a first end of the SCR 123 (e.g., an upstream end). The upstream portion 156 may include or be made of a different material than the rest of the SCR 123. For example, the upstream portion 156 may include or be made of a different catalyst formulation. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 does not include the upstream portion 156 of the SCR 123. For example, the first portion 152 is downstream of the upstream portion 156. In other embodiments, the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 includes at least a portion of the upstream portion 156 of the SCR 123. In any of these embodiments, the upstream portion 156 is upstream of the second portion 154.

[0051] In some embodiments, the SCR 123 includes a downstream portion 158. The downstream portion 158 is at a second end of the SCR 123 (e.g., a downstream end), opposite -17- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703the first end. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 does not include the downstream portion 158 of the SCR 123. For example, the second portion 154 is upstream of the downstream portion 158. In other embodiments, the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 includes at least a portion of the downstream portion 158 of the SCR 123. In any of these embodiments, the downstream portion 158 is downstream of the first portion 152.[0052) In an example embodiment, when generating the first portion 152 and the second portion 154 of the SCR 123, the SCR 123 is divided into four individual sections along the length of the SCR 123. The upstream portion 156 and the downstream portion 158 are excluded from the first portion 152 and the second portion 154. That is, the first portion 152 and the second portion 154 are positioned in a central portion of the SCR 123, between the upstream portion 156 and the downstream portion 158.

[0053] In some embodiments, when the aftertreatment system 120 includes more than one SCR 123 (e.g., two or more SCR 123), at least one of the two or more SCR 123 includes an first portion 152 and a second portion 154. In some embodiments, each of the two or more SCR 123 includes a first portion 152 and a second portion 154.

[0054] In some embodiments, the controller 140 and / or one or more components thereof, such as the ammonia storage management circuit 212, facilitates controlling an amount of ammonia storage for each portion of the SCR 123 (e g., the first portion 152 and / or the second portion 154). The controller 140 may implement one or more controls to achieve, nearly achieve, or attempt to achieve a target ammonia storage value for each of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154, referred to herein as ammonia storage controls. The target ammonia storage value is a predefined ammonia storage value for each of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154. By way of example, the controller 140 may receive (e.g., from the memory device 206, via a user input, or from a remote computing system) a first target ammonia storage value for the first portion 152 and / or a second target ammonia storage value for the second portion 154.-18- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0055} In some embodiments, the controller 140 may selectively implement one or more ammonia storage controls based on monitoring one or more operating characteristics of the SCR 123. Monitoring the one or more operating characteristics of the SCR 123 includes, for example, receiving data or information regarding the one or more operating characteristics, such as sensor data, a model or lookup table output, or other information regarding the operation of the SCR 123. Accordingly, the controller 140 may select at least one ammonia storage control based on the received data regarding the SCR 123.

[0056] The one or more operating characteristics may include a temperature regarding the SCR 123. By way of example, the temperature regarding the SCR 123 includes a first temperature value associated with the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 and / or a second temperature value associated with the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. In some embodiments, the controller 140 may receive the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value from one or more sensors (e.g., one or more temperature sensors positioned at or proximate the SCR 123). For example, a set of sensors positioned at or proximate the SCR 123 may be configured to acquire data regarding the temperature of the SCR 123. The controller 140 may selectively receive the first temperature value from a first sensor of the set of sensors that corresponds to the first portion 152 of the SCR 123. The controller 140 may selectively receive the second temperature value from a second sensor of the set of sensors that corresponds to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. As the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 and the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 changes over time, the sensor(s) corresponding to each portion may change. The controller 140 may receive the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value from a different sensor of the set of sensors, based on the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 and the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 changes over time.

[0057] In other embodiments, the controller 140 may receive the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value as an output of a model and / or lookup table. The model or lookup table may correlate one or more inputs. For example, the model or look-up table may correlate a temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR 123 (from a first temperature sensor), a temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the SCR 123 (from a second temperature sensor), a flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the SCR 123 (from a flow rate sensor),-19- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703an engine speed value (from an engine speed sensor), and / or an engine torque value (from a torque sensor) with the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value. As the second temperature value is a downstream temperature value, the flowrate datapoint may be used to extrapolate a heat transfer over time. For lower flowrates, the heat transfer value may decrease leading to decreased temperatures in the second portion (i.e., second temperature value).[0058) In some embodiments, the first temperature value of the first portion of the catalyst may be determined by a temperature sensor positioned at or proximate to the first portion while the second temperature value is determined by one or more models, look-up tables, and / or other processes. Thus, a combination of a measurement and algorithmic output may be used to determine the temperature values for the first, second, and any other portion of the catalyst (whereby the other portions temperature value are likewise determined based one or more algorithms).

[0059] The one or more operating characteristics include an ammonia storage value. By way of example, the controller 140 may receive an ammonia storage value for each portion of the SCR 123 (e.g., a first ammonia storage value for the first portion 152 and / or a second ammonia storage value for the second portion 154). The first ammonia storage value is an amount of ammonia stored by the first portion 152 of the SCR 123. The second ammonia storage value is an amount of ammonia stored by the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. The controller 140 may receive the ammonia storage value from the memory device 206 or as an output of a model and / or lookup table. By way of example, the model and / or lookup table may correlate one or more inputs with the ammonia storage value. The one or more inputs may include, for example, a temperature value (e.g., the first temperature value or the second temperature value, described above, and / or a temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR 123 (from a first temperature sensor)) a NOx value at or upstream of the SCR 123 (from an exhaust gas constituent sensor or NOx sensor), such as an EONOx value, and / or a reductant dosing value . The reductant dosing value is a value regarding an amount of reductant provided to the aftertreatment system 120 by the dosing module 124. By way of example, the reductant dosing-20- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703value may be expressed as a rate (e.g., grams of reductant per unit time) or a mass or volume of reductant provided during a predetermined time period.

[0060] The ammonia storage value can be determined based on at least one suitable empirical formula (e.g., using data from one or more components of the system 100), based on a physicsbased or a map-based model, and / or via another suitable method. For example, lab-based results may be used to correlate one or more inputs (e.g., EONOx, temperature, etc.) for various conditions (e.g., age of the catalyst, operating conditions, and so on) in order to determine the ammonia storage value for various conditions. In one example, because dosed reductant is converted into ammonia, relatively higher reductant dosing values correspond to relatively higher ammonia storages, while relatively lower reductant dosing values correspond to relatively lower ammonia storage values. In another example, because the storage capacity decreases as temperatures increase, higher temperature values (e.g., the first temperature value, the second temperature value, the temperature of the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR 123) correspond to relatively lower ammonia storage values. In yet another example, because NOx output by the engine reacts with ammonia stored by the SCR 123, relatively higher EONOx values correspond to relatively lower ammonia storage values.

[0061] The controller 140 may implement one or more ammonia storage controls based on the first temperature value, the second temperature value and / or the ammonia storage value.Following below are various examples of the ammonia storage controls.

[0062] In a first illustrative example, the controller 140 selects at least one ammonia storage controls based on the temperature value (e.g., the first temperature value or the second temperature value). Responsive to the temperature value being at or below a predetermined temperature threshold, the controller 140 may commands one or more components of the system 100 to increase the temperature of the corresponding portion(s) of the SCR 123 (e.g., the first portion 152 when the first temperature value is at or below the predetermined threshold and / or the second portion 154 when the second temperature value is at or below the predetermined threshold). In some embodiments, the controller 140 determines or identifies one or more components to command and the command to issue based on a relative location of -21- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703the portion along the SCR 123. For example, if the portion of the SCR 123 that is too cold (below the predefined temperature threshold) is towards the front of the SCR 123 (e.g., the first temperature value regarding the first portion 152 is at or below a predetermined threshold), the controller 140 may prioritize commands that more effectively affect (heat) the front of the SCR catalyst 126, such as increasing the engine-out exhaust temperatures via affecting EGR amounts, increasing engine speed or torque, etc. In another example, if the affected portion of the SCR 123 is towards the middle or rear of the SCR 123 (e.g., the second temperature value regarding the second portion 154 is at or below a predetermined threshold), the controller 140 may prioritize a command that more effectively affects the middle or rear of the SCR 123, such as activating or increasing the power of an electric heater (e.g., an electric heater positioned within the aftertreatment system 120 and, in particular, upstream of the SCR 123). Additionally and / or alternatively, to further heat the middle or rear portions of the SCR 123 (i.e., the second portion 154) the controller 140 may prioritize commands that more effectively affect the front of the SCR 123 and increase the effects in order to affect the middle and rear of the SCR 123 (e.g., increasing the engine-out exhaust temperatures to a relatively greater degree).

[0063] Alternatively in this same example, the controller 140 may, in response to determining that a portion of the SCR 123 is too cold (e.g., when the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value is at or below the predetermined temperature threshold), issue commands to reduce the amount of EONOx, thereby maintaining lower SONOx despite the SCR 123 reducing NOx at a potentially less-than-desired efficiency. In this situation, the controller 140 may alter the strength (i.e., the quantity of change requested) of the issued commands based on a location of the affected portion of the SCR 123. For example, if the affected portion of the SCR 123 that is too cold is in the front of the SCR 123 (i.e., the first portion 152), the controller 140 may issue commands or otherwise cause a relatively larger reduction in EONOx than if the affected portion of the SCR catalyst is to the rear of the SCR 123 (i.e., the second portion 154) because the front portions of the SCR 123 perform a majority of the NOx reduction. In this case, a less efficient front portion has more of a negative impact on overall reduction efficiency of the SCR 123. By way of example, the controller 140 may cause the engine 101 to decrease an engine out NOx value by a first amount responsive to the-22- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703responsive to the first temperature value being at or below a predetermined threshold, and / or the controller 140 may cause the engine 101 to decrease the engine outNOx value by a second amount, less than the first amount, responsive to the second temperature value being at or below the predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, decreasing the EONOx may include, for example, adjusting an air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) of the engine 101.

[0064] In a second illustrative example, the controller 140 selects at least one ammonia storage control based on the ammonia storage value (e.g., the first ammonia storage value or the second ammonia storage value). Responsive to the ammonia storage value being at or below a predetermined ammonia storage threshold, the controller 140 commands one or more components of the system 100 to increase the amount of ammonia stored on the affected portion of the SCR 123 (e.g., the first portion 152 when the first ammonia storage value is at or below the predetermined ammonia storage threshold and / or the second portion 154 when the second ammonia storage value is at or below the predetermined ammonia storage threshold). These commands could be, for example, increasing an amount of reductant dosed (e.g., by the dosing module or unit 124) or by decreasing the amount of EONOx, which would indirectly increase the amount of ammonia (assuming the DEF dosing amount is unchanged) by reducing the amount of ammonia that is reacted away. Responsive to the ammonia storage value being at or above a predetermined ammonia storage threshold, the controller 140 commands one or more components of the system 100 to decrease the amount of ammonia stored on the affected portion of the SCR 123 (e.g., the first portion 152 when the first ammonia storage value is at or below the predetermined ammonia storage threshold and / or the second portion 154 when the second ammonia storage value is at or below the predetermined ammonia storage threshold). These commands could be, for example, decreasing an amount of reductant dosed (e.g., by the dosing module 124) or by increasing the amount of EONOx, which would indirectly decrease the amount of ammonia (assuming the DEF dosing amount is unchanged) by increasing the amount of ammonia that is reacted away. The controller 140 may alter or prioritize commands based on a relative location of the portion along the SCR 123. For example, if the portion of the SCR 123 that has too little stored ammonia is towards the front of the SCR 123 (i.e., the first portion 152), the controller 140 may prioritize those commands that directly affect the amount-23- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703of ammonia provided to the SCR 123 (e.g., increased / decreasing reductant dosing) because the affected portion is one of the first portions to receive exhaust, meaning that the affected portion is the first to receive any other contents included with the exhaust gas (such as ammonia from the reductant). Alternatively, if the affected portion is towards the middle or rear of the SCR 123 (i.e., the second portion 154), the controller 140 may prioritize those commands that indirectly affect the amount of stored ammonia (e.g., increased / decreased EONOx) as these commands are more likely to have the intended effect on a portion of the SCR 123 farther from the exhaust-receiving inlet as these commands are less tied to content (such as ammonia from the DEF) being carried in the exhaust stream. Further, if the affected portion is towards the middle or rear of the SCR 123, the controller 140 may decide to utilize the direct increase or decrease of ammonia but at a relatively higher or lower volume than for a front-oriented affected portion in order to account for the ammonia-carrying exhaust to pass through other portions of the SCR 123 before reaching the affected portion.

[0065] In a third illustrative example, the controller 140 selects at least one ammonia storage control based on a combination of temperature (e.g., the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value) and ammonia storage. The controller 140 may prioritize commands that affect both states in order to more efficiently manage SCR 123 performance and ammonia slip. For example, responsive to the temperature value being at or below the predetermined temperature threshold and the ammonia storage value being at or above the predetermined ammonia storage threshold, the controller 140 may issue commands that increase temperature and decrease ammonia storage. In this example, the controller 140 may command increased fueling for the engine 101 (e.g., causing a fuel amount provided to the engine to increase from a first value to a second value), which not only increases the combustion temperature (thereby increasing the engine-out exhaust temperature) but also increases the amount of EONOx. The higher engine-out exhaust temperature raises the temperature of the affected portion of the SCR 123 while the increased amount of EONOx reacts with the stored ammonia, reducing the overall amount of ammonia stored on the affected portion.

[0066] In any of these embodiments, adjusting the ammonia storage profile includes adjusting (e.g., determining to maintain, increasing or decreasing) the size of the first portion and the size -24- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703of the second portion. Advantageously, by adjusting the size of each portion of the SCR 123 the amount of ammonia storage per unit size (e.g., per unit length, per unit volume, or per percentage of the catalyst member) is changed. According to an example embodiment, the change in the amount of ammonia storage per unit size can improve (e.g., decrease) an amount of ammonia slip. By way of example, the controller 140 may increase the size of the first portion 152 relative to the size of the second portion 154 responsive to a temperature value (e.g., one or both of the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value) being at or below a first predetermined temperature threshold. By way of another example, the controller 140 may decrease the size of the first portion 152 relative to the size of the second portion 154 responsive to a temperature value (e.g., one or both of the first temperature value and / or the second temperature value) being at or above a second predetermined temperature threshold. An example method of adjusting the size of the first portion 152 relative to the size of the second portion 154 is shown and described herein with respect to FIG. 5.

[0067] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an example method 300 of controlling ammonia storage of a component of an aftertreatment system 120, such as the SCR 123. In particular, the controller 140 and / or one or more components thereof, such as the ammonia storage management circuit 212, is configured to receive information (e.g., form one or more sensors 125). In some embodiments, controlling the ammonia storage of the SCR 123 includes dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123 by the controller 140. It should be understood that the order of the method 300 is shown as an example only. That is, one or more processes may be performed concurrently, partially concurrently, sequentially, and / or in a different order than as shown in FIG. 3. Further, some processes of the method 300 may be omitted while other processes may be added to the method 300. For example, in some embodiments, process 310 is optional and may be omitted. The method 300 may be performed periodically and / or dynamically responsive to changes in, for example, information received from the sensors 125.

[0068] At process 302, the controller 140 receives data regarding the system 100. In some embodiments, the data is sensor data received from one or more sensors 125. In other embodiments, the data is received from a remote computing system. In still other embodiments, the data is received via a user input, such as a user-defined size of the first portion 152 of the -25- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703SCR 123 and / or the size of the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. In some embodiments the data includes information regarding the engine 101 (e.g., “engine data”), the aftertreatment system 120 and / or one or more components or sub-systems thereof, such as the SCR 123 (e g., “aftertreatment system data” or “SCR data”). In some embodiments, the data includes information regarding the exhaust gas flowing from the engine 101 to the aftertreatment system 120 / within the aftertreatment system 120.[0069) In some embodiments, as alluded to above, the controller 140 may receive sensor data regarding operation of the engine 101. This engine data may be received from one or more sensors 125 associated with the engine 101. By way of example, the data regarding the engine 101 may include an engine speed value received from a sensor associated with the engine 101 (e.g., a real sensor positioned at or proximate the engine 101 and / or a virtual sensor associated with the engine 101), such as a speed sensor, a tachometer, a crankshaft sensor, a Hall effect sensor, etc. By way of another example, the data regarding the engine 101 may include an engine torque command value received via a user input (e.g., at one or more operator interface devices 130, such as an accelerator pedal, a lever, or other input device). The engine torque command may be received by a sensor associated with the input device that is configured to acquire data regarding the user input received via input device, such as a position of the accelerator pedal, a position of a lever, etc.

[0070] The engine data may include an EONOx value received from a sensor associated with the engine 101 (e.g., a real sensor positioned at or proximate the engine 101 and / or a virtual sensor associated with the engine 101). In some embodiments, when the EONOx value is measured by a real sensor, the sensor may include an exhaust gas constituent sensors, such as a NOx sensor, an oxygen sensor, or other suitable sensor. In other embodiments, when the EONOx value is determined by a virtual sensor, the virtual sensor may determine or estimate the EONOx value based one or more engine operating characteristics. For instance, the EONOx value can be determined based on at least one suitable empirical formula (e.g., using data from one or more components of the system 100), based on a physics-based or a map-based model, and / or via another suitable method. For example, lab-based results may be used to correlate one or more inputs, such as engine speed, engine load, engine torque, etc., for various conditions -26- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703(e.g., operating conditions, and so on) in order to determine the EONOx value for various conditions.

[0071] The aftertreatment system data may be received from one or more sensors 125 associated with the aftertreatment system 120 or one or more components or systems thereof, such as the SCR 123. By way of example, the aftertreatment system data may include a temperature value regarding the aftertreatment system 120. More specifically, in some embodiments, the temperature value may be a temperature of the exhaust gas at or proximate an inlet of the SCR 123 (e.g., an “SCR inlet temperature value”). In other embodiments, the temperature value is a temperature of a component or sub-system of the aftertreatment system 120, such as the SCR 123. In still other embodiments, the temperature value includes a first temperature value regarding the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 and a second temperature value regarding the second portion 154 of the SCR 123.

[0072] In some embodiments, the temperature data is received from a temperature sensor that measures or receives data indicative of a temperature value. In other embodiments, the temperature data is received from a virtual sensor that determines the temperature value based on one or more inputs, such as an engine load value, an engine torque value, an engine speed value, etc. In still other embodiments, the temperature data is received from a virtual sensor that determines the temperature value based on one or more inputs, such as another temperature value measured by a sensor positioned away from the component, system, or portion of a component that the temperature value is associated with. For instance, the temperature value can be determined based on at least one suitable empirical formula (e.g., using data from one or more components of the system 100), based on a physics-based or a map-based model, and / or via another suitable method. For example, lab-based results may be used to correlate one or more inputs received at process 302 for various conditions (e.g., age of the catalyst, operating conditions, and so on) in order to determine the temperature value for various conditions.

[0073] In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system data includes other information regarding the exhaust gas, such as a NOx value of the exhaust gas (e.g., measured by an exhaust gas constituent sensor), which may be equal to or based on the EONOx value, a flow -27- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703rate value of the exhaust gas (e.g., measured by a flow rate sensor), a pressure value of the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR 123 (e.g., measured by a pressure sensor), and / or other information regarding the exhaust gas.

[0074] In some embodiments, the aftertreatment system data includes an ammonia storage value. As described above, the ammonia storage value may be or include the first ammonia storage value and / or the second ammonia storage value. As described above with respect to FIG. 2, the ammonia storage value may be received as an output of a model or lookup table.

[0075] At process 304, the controller 140 determines a change in the data. The change in the data may be based on one or more sensor readings or values. The change in the data is a difference between the received data (at process 302) and a prior data. The prior data may be data (e.g., engine data, aftertreatment data, SCR data, sensor data, data from a remote computing system, user inputs, etc.) that was previously received within a predetermined time period. By way of example, the difference between the received data and the prior data may be an absolute difference (e.g., the absolute value of the final or current data value minus the initial or previous data value) a percent change, or other comparison between the current sensor data and the prior sensor data.

[0076] At process 306, the controller 140 compares the change in the sensor data to a predetermined threshold. Responsive to the change in the sensor data being below the corresponding threshold (e.g., when the sensor data did not substantially change), the method 300 may proceed to process 310. In this case, the controller 140 maintains the current size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. For example, because the sensor data did not substantially change, the operating conditions of the SCR 123 did not substantially change, and the current size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 is the desired size for the current operating conditions. Responsive to the value being at or above the corresponding threshold (e.g., when the sensor data changed significantly), the method 300 may proceed to process 308. In some embodiments, process 304 and process 306 are optional and may be omitted.-28- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0077} At process 308, the controller 140 adjusts the ammonia storage profile of the SCR 123 (e.g., by adjusting a size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123). That is, the controller 140 is configured to implement dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123. In some embodiments, the controller 140 adjusts the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 responsive to the change in the sensor data being above the predetermined threshold (e.g., because the change in the sensor data indicates a transient or non-steady-state condition, which could lead to ammonia slip or less than desirable deNOx efficiency in the SCR 123).|0078 | In some embodiments, the controller 140 adjust the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 based on comparing the SCR inlet temperature value to one or more thresholds. By way of example, responsive to the SCR inlet temperature value being at or above a first temperature threshold, the controller 140 reduces the size of the first portion 152 relative to the second portion 154. By way of another example, responsive to the SCR inlet temperature value being at or below a second temperature threshold, the controller 140 increases the size of the first portion 152 relative to the second portion 154.[0079} In some embodiments, the controller 140 adjust the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 using a lookup table or a model (e.g., a mathematical model, a physics model, a machine learning model, etc.) that correlates one or more inputs with the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123. In some embodiments, the lookup table or the model also correlates the one or more inputs to the size of the second portion 154 of the SCR 123. That is, the controller 140 may receive a first new size of the first portion 152 and / or a second new size of the second portion as an output of the lookup table or model. The controller 140 may then set the size of the first portion as the first new size and / or set the size of the second portion as the second new size. In some embodiments, the size of the first portion 152 of the SCR 123 relative to the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 is based on a function of one or more of an exhaust flow rate (e.g., volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate), temperature (e.g., a temperature of the SCR 123 or a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing-29- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703therethrough), an EONOx value (e.g., a concentration value, a flow rate value, etc.), or a catalyst aging value (e.g., an age of the SCR 123).

[0080] In some embodiments, the one or more inputs includes the SCR inlet temperature. In these embodiments, relatively higher SCR inlet temperatures correspond to relatively smaller sizes of the first portion 152 and relatively larger sizes of the second portion 154 increases. Further, relatively lower SCR inlet temperatures correspond to relatively larger sizes of the first portion 152 and relatively smaller sizes of the second portion 154.[0081 j In these embodiments, relatively higher flow rate values correspond to relatively larger sizes of the first portion 152 and relatively smaller sizes of the second portion 154 increases. Further, relatively lower flow rate values correspond to relatively smaller sizes of the first portion 152 and relatively larger sizes of the second portion 154.

[0082] In an example embodiment, the controller 140 is configured to receive a new first size of the first portion 152 based on at least the temperature value (e.g., the first temperature value or the second temperature value). For example, the controller 140 may receive the new first size of the first portion 152 as an output of the lookup table and / or model described above. In response to receiving the new first size of the first portion 152, the controller 140 is configured to set the first size of the first portion 152 as the first new size.

[0083] Similarly, the controller 140 is configured to receive a new second size of the second portion 154 based on at least the temperature value (e.g., the first temperature value or the second temperature value). For example, the controller 140 may receive the new second size of the second portion 154 as an output of the lookup table and / or model described above. In response to receiving the new second size of the second portion 154, the controller 140 is configured to set the second size of the second portion 154 as the second new size.

[0084] At process 310, the controller 140 implements one or more ammonia storage controls. The ammonia storage controls are described in greater detail herein with respect to FIG. 2. When the size of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154 are adjusted (e.g., at process 308), the ammonia storage controls are implemented accounting for the change in the size of -30- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703the first portion 152 and the second portion 154. Advantageously, by accounting for the change in the size of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154, the ammonia storage controls may mitigate ammonia slip while still providing sufficient ammonia to achieve a desired deNOx efficiency at the SCR 123.

[0085] FIG. 6 is a chart 500 depicting an ammonia slip quantity, according to an exemplary embodiment. The chart 500 depicts a change in ammonia slip between a conventional partitioning of the SCR 123 and the dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123 for various dosing conditions. As shown in each dosing condition, the ammonia slip decreases when implanting the dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123 according to the systems and method described herein.

[0086] In a first dosing condition 510, shown as an underdosing condition, a reductant dosing value is below a first predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the first predetermined threshold may be a target or desired amount of reductant to be provided to the aftertreatment system 120. In other embodiments, the first predetermined threshold may be a lower bound of range of reductant dosing values. In the first dosing condition 510, the ammonia slip decreases when implementing the dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123, compared to conventional partitioning of the SCR 123.

[0087] In a second dosing condition 520, shown as a nominal condition, the reductant dosing value is at or above the first predetermined threshold and at or below a second threshold. In some embodiments, the second predetermined threshold may be a target or desired amount of reductant to be provided to the aftertreatment system 120. In other embodiments, the second predetermined threshold may be an upper bound of range of reductant dosing values. In the second dosing condition 520, ammonia slip decreases when implementing the dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123, compared to conventional partitioning of the SCR 123.

[0088] In a third dosing condition 530, shown as an overdosing condition, the reductant dosing value is above the second predetermined threshold. In the third dosing condition 530, ammonia slip decreases when implementing the dynamic partitioning of the SCR 123, compared to conventional partitioning of the SCR 123.-31- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0089} In an example implementation, the controller 140 receives a SCR inlet temperature value regarding a current temperature of the exhaust gas at an inlet of the SCR 123. The controller 140 may adjust the ammonia storage profile by setting the size of the first portion 152 and the second portion 154 of the SCR 123 based on the SCR inlet temperature value. By way of example, when the SCR inlet temperature value is relatively high, the size of the first portion 152 is relatively smaller and the size of the second portion is relatively larger. By way of another example, when the SCR inlet temperature value is relatively low, the size of the first portion 152 is relatively larger and the size of the second portion is relatively smaller.Advantageously, by adjusting the size of each portion of the SCR 123 the amount of ammonia storage per unit size (e.g., per unit length, per unit volume, or per percentage of the catalyst member) is changed. According to an example embodiment, the change in the amount of ammonia storage per unit size can improve (e.g., decrease) an amount of ammonia slip while providing sufficient ammonia to achieve a desired deNOx efficiency at the SCR 123.

[0090] The controller 140 may adjust the ammonia storage profile based on a function of one or more of an exhaust flow rate (e.g., volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate), temperature (e.g., a temperature of the SCR 123 or a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing therethrough), an EONOx value (e.g., a concentration value, a flow rate value, etc.), or a catalyst aging value (e.g., an age of the SCR 123).[00911 As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as recited in the appended claims.-32- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703[0092} It should be noted that the term “example” and variations thereof, as used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).[0093} The term “coupled” and variations thereof, as used herein, means the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent or fixed) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members coupled directly to each other, with the two members coupled to each other using one or more separate intervening members, or with the two members coupled to each other using an intervening member that is integrally formed as a single unitary body with one of the two members. If “coupled” or variations thereof are modified by an additional term (e.g., directly coupled), the generic definition of “coupled” provided above is modified by the plain language meaning of the additional term (e.g., “directly coupled” means the joining of two members without any separate intervening member), resulting in a narrower definition than the generic definition of “coupled” provided above. Such coupling may be mechanical, electrical, or fluidic. For example, circuit A communicably “coupled” to circuit B may signify that the circuit A communicates directly with circuit B (i.e., no intermediary) or communicates indirectly with circuit B (e.g., through one or more intermediaries).

[0094] References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below”) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other example embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.|0095| While various circuits with particular functionality are shown in FIG. 2, it should be understood that the controller 140 may include any number of circuits for completing the functions described herein. For example, the activities and functionalities of the processing circuit 202 may be combined in multiple circuits or as a single circuit. Additional circuits with -33- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703additional functionality may also be included. Further, the controller 140 may further control other activity beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0096] As mentioned above and in one configuration, the “circuits” may be implemented in machine-readable medium for execution by various types of processors, such as the ammonia storage management circuit 212 of FIG. 2. Executable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables need not be physically located together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the circuit and achieve the stated purpose for the circuit. Indeed, a circuit of computer readable program code may be a single instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational variable may be identified and illustrated herein within circuits, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational variable may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.

[0097] While the term “processor” is briefly defined above, the term “processor” and “processing circuit” are meant to be broadly interpreted. In this regard and as mentioned above, the “processor” may be implemented as one or more processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other suitable electronic data processing components structured to execute instructions provided by memory. The one or more processors may take the form of a single core processor, multi-core processor (e.g., a dual core processor, triple core processor, quad core processor, etc.), microprocessor, etc. In some embodiments, the one or more processors may be external to the apparatus, for example the one or more processors may be a remote processor (e.g., a cloudbased processor). Alternatively or additionally, the one or more processors may be internal and / or local to the apparatus. In this regard, a given circuit or components thereof may be disposed locally (e.g., as part of a local server, a local computing system, etc.) or remotely -34- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703(e.g., as part of a remote server such as a cloud-based server). To that end, a “circuit” as described herein may include components that are distributed across one or more locations.

[0098] Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising computer or machine-readable media for carrying or having computer or machineexecutable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. The computer readable medium may be a tangible computer readable storage medium storing the computer readable program code. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic, micromechanical, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable medium may include but are not limited to a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a holographic storage medium, a micromechanical storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, and / or store computer readable program code for use by and / or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a computer or processing machine to perform a certain function or group of functions.|0099] The computer readable medium may also be a computer readable signal medium. A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electrical, electro-magnetic, magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport computer readable program code for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.Computer readable program code embodied on a computer readable signal medium may be -35- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, Radio Frequency (RF), or the like, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0100] In one embodiment, the computer readable medium may comprise a combination of one or more computer readable storage mediums and one or more computer readable signal mediums. For example, computer readable program code may be both propagated as an electromagnetic signal through a fiber optic cable for execution by a processor and stored on RAM storage device for execution by the processor.

[0101] Computer readable program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more other programming languages, including an object-oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone computer-readable package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

[0102] The program code may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function / act specified in the schematic flowchart diagrams and / or schematic block diagrams block or blocks.

[0103] Although the figures and description may illustrate a specific order of method steps, the order of such steps may differ from what is depicted and described, unless specified differently above. Also, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence, unless specified differently above. Such variation may depend, for example, on the software -36- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations of the described methods could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps.

[0104] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the apparatus and system as shown in the various example embodiments is illustrative only. Additionally, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be incorporated or utilized with any other embodiment disclosed herein.-37- 4921-1295-3971.1

Claims

Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A system comprising:a controller coupled to a reductant dosing system of an aftertreatment system in exhaust gas receiving communication with an engine, the controller comprising one or more processors and one or more memory devices storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:receiving a temperature value regarding the aftertreatment system; adjusting an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; andimplementing one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the ammonia storage profile comprises a first portion of the catalyst member having a first size and a second portion of the catalyst member having a second size.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein adjusting the ammonia storage profile comprises: responsive to the temperature value being at or above a first temperature threshold, reducing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of the second portion; and responsive to the temperature value being at or below a second temperature threshold, increasing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of the second portion.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform further operations comprising:receiving, as an output of a model, a new first size of the first portion based on the temperature value; andsetting the first size of the first portion as the new first size.

5. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform further operations comprising:-38- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703receiving a first temperature value regarding the first portion and a second temperature value regarding the second portion; andcausing one or more components of the system to:increase a first temperature of the first portion responsive to the first temperature value being at or below a predetermined threshold; andincrease a second temperature of the second portion responsive to the second temperature value being at or below the predetermined threshold.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the one or more components comprise at least one of the engine or an electric heater positioned within the aftertreatment system.

7. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform further operations comprising:receiving a first temperature value regarding the first portion and a second temperature value regarding the second portion; andcausing the engine to:decrease an engine out NOx value by a first amount responsive to the first temperature value being at or below a predetermined threshold; anddecrease the engine out NOx value by a second amount, less than the first amount, responsive to the second temperature value being at or below the predetermined threshold.

8. A method comprising:receiving, by a controller, a temperature value regarding an aftertreatment system; adjusting, by the controller, an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; andimplementing, by the controller, one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.-39- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-97039. The method of claim 8, wherein the ammonia storage profile comprises a first portion of the catalyst member having a first size and a second portion of the catalyst member having a second size.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the ammonia storage profile comprises: responsive to the temperature value being at or above a first temperature threshold, reducing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of the second portion; and responsive to the temperature value being at or below a second temperature threshold, increasing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of second portion.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:receiving, by the controller and as an output of a model, a new first size of the first portion based on the temperature value; andsetting, by the controller, the first size of the first portion as the new first size.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising:receiving, by the controller, a first ammonia storage value regarding the first portion and a second ammonia storage value regarding the second portion; andcausing, by the controller, one or more components of a system including the aftertreatment system to:increase a first amount of ammonia stored on or at the first portion responsive to the first ammonia storage value being at or below a first predetermined threshold; and increase a second amount of ammonia stored on or at the second portion responsive to the second ammonia storage value being at or below the first predetermined threshold.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:causing, by the controller, the one or more components to:decrease the first amount of ammonia stored on or at the first portion responsive to the first ammonia storage value being at or above a second predetermined threshold; and -40- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703decrease the second amount of ammonia stored on or at the second portion responsive to the second ammonia storage value being at or above the second predetermined threshold.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more components include:an engine coupled to the aftertreatment system, ora reductant dosing unit coupled to the aftertreatment system upstream of the catalyst member.

15. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:receiving a temperature value regarding an aftertreatment system;adjusting an ammonia storage profile of a catalyst member of the aftertreatment system based on the temperature value; andimplementing one or more controls based on the ammonia storage profile.

16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the ammonia storage profile comprises a first portion of the catalyst member having a first size and a second portion of the catalyst member having a second size.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein adjusting the ammonia storage profile comprises:responsive to the temperature value being at or above a first temperature threshold, reducing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of the second portion; and responsive to the temperature value being at or below a second temperature threshold, increasing the first size of the first portion relative to the second size of the second portion.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform further operations comprising:-41- 4921-1295-3971.1Atty. Dkt. No.: 106389-9703receiving, as an output of a model, a new first size of the first portion based on the temperature value; andsetting the first size of the first portion as the new first size.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform further operations comprising:receiving a first temperature value regarding the first portion and a second temperature value regarding the second portion;receiving a first ammonia storage value regarding the first portion and a second ammonia storage value regarding the second portion; andresponsive to the first temperature value being at or below a first temperature threshold and the first ammonia storage value being at or above a first ammonia storage threshold, issuing a command that increases a first temperature of the first portion and decreases an amount of ammonia stored at the first portion.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein issuing the command causes an amount of fuel provided to an engine coupled to the aftertreatment system to increase from a first value to a second value.-42- 4921-1295-3971.1

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