Preemption for communication and sensing
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-06
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075638_06082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PREEMPTION FOR COMMUNICATION AND SENSINGBACKGROUND1. Field of Disclosure
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically to preemption for communication and sensing. 2. Description of Related Art
[0002] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems may multiplex communication signals and sensing signals, e.g., to avoid mutual interference. However, in some instances, an urgent task (e.g., an urgent sensing task and / or an urgent communication task) may occur, which may necessitate pre-empting the radio resource of the originally assigned signal. BRIEF SUMMARY
[0003] An example method for handling preempted signals may comprise transmitting, to a base station by a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap. The method may comprise receiving ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals. The method may comprise receiving, from the base station, a preemption indication. The method may comprise handling preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication.
[0004] According to some embodiments, an example User Equipment (UE) may comprise a transceiver; a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit, to a base station, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap. The one or more processors may be configured to receive ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, from the base station, a preemption indication. The one or more processors may be configured to handle preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication.
[0005] According to some embodiments, a base station may comprise a transceiver; a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The one or more processors may be configured to receive, from a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap by the UE. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit ongoing signals; detecting an urgent task. The one or more processors may be configured to in response to detecting the urgent task, transmitting a pre-emption indication. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit signals according to the urgent task. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit pre-empted signals.
[0006] This summary is neither intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this disclosure, any or all drawings, and each claim. The foregoing, together with other features and examples, will be described in more detail below in the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a positioning system, according to an embodiment.
[0008] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) positioning system, illustrating an embodiment of a positioning system (e.g., the positioning system of FIG. 1) implemented within a 5G NR communication network.
[0009] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a radio frequency (RF) sensing system.
[0010] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a frame structure for NR and associated terminology.
[0011] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a radio frame sequence with Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) positioning occasions.
[0012] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing example combination (comb) structures, illustrating how RF signals may utilize different sets of resource elements, according to some embodiments.
[0013] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a hierarchical structure of how PRS resources and PRS resource sets may be used by different Transmission Reception Point (TRPs) of a given position frequency layer (PFL) , as defined in 5G NR.
[0014] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example of preemption signals in accordance with the NR standard.
[0015] FIGS. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are flow diagrams of example processes for transmitting and utilizing preemption indicator signals in accordance with some embodiments.
[0016] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of an example process for handling preempted signals by a UE in accordance with some embodiments.
[0017] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of an example process for transmitting preemption indicators and transmitting preempted signals by a base station in accordance with some embodiments.
[0018] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE, which can be utilized in embodiments as described herein.
[0019] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station, which can be utilized in embodiments as described herein.
[0020] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements, in accordance with certain example implementations. In addition, multiple instances of an element may be indicated by following a first number for the element with a letter or a hyphen and a second number. For example, multiple instances of an element 110 may be indicated as 110-1, 110-2, 110-3 etc. or as 110a, 110b, 110c, etc. When referring to such an element using only the first number, any instance of the element is to be understood (e.g., element 110 in the previous example would refer to elements 110-1, 110-2, and 110-3 or to elements 110a, 110b, and 110c) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The following description is directed to certain implementations for the purposes of describing innovative aspects of various embodiments. However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude of different ways. The described implementations may be implemented in any device, system, or network that is capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to any communication standard, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standards for ultra-wideband (UWB) , IEEE 802.11 standards (including those identified as technologies) , the standard, code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) , Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) , Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) , Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO) , 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) , High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) , Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) , or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless, cellular or internet of things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or further implementations thereof, technology.
[0022] As used herein, an “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave that transports information through the space between a transmitter (or transmitting device) and a receiver (or receiving device) . As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multiple channels or paths.
[0023] Additionally, unless otherwise specified, references to “reference signals, ” “positioning reference signals, ” “reference signals for positioning, ” and the like may be used to refer to signals used for positioning of a user equipment (UE) . As described in more detail herein, such signals may comprise any of a variety of signal types but may not necessarily be limited to a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) as defined in relevant wireless standards.
[0024] Further, unless otherwise specified, the term “positioning” as used herein may absolute location determination, relative location determination, ranging, or a combination thereof. Such positioning may include and / or be based on timing, angular, phase, or power measurements, or a combination thereof (which may include RF sensing measurements) for the purpose of location or sensing services.
[0025] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems may multiplex communication signals and sensing signals, e.g., to avoid mutual interference. However, in some instances, an urgent task (e.g., an urgent sensing task and / or an urgent communication task) may occur, which may necessitate pre-empting the radio resource of the originally assigned signal. The NR standard supports preemption of urgent DL data of one UE over another UE. After receiving the preemption indication, the preempted UE is to flush the received signal at the overlapped radio resource. However, conventional techniques may involve some negative impacts. For example, preemption of a sensing signal may lead to degradation or failure in instances where low latency sensing is required.
[0026] Disclosed herein are techniques that allow the radio resource of an originally assigned communication or sensing signal to be preempted without necessitating the preempted UE to flush the received signal at the overlapped radio resource. The techniques disclosed herein may be utilized in conjunction with use cases in which a single UE performs sensing and communication (e.g., an ISAC UE) , and in cases in which two different UEs perform sensing and communication respectively. In particular, using the techniques disclosed herein, a UE may report its capability of handling overlapping communication and sensing signals to a base station (e.g., a gNB) . The base station may then send a preemption indication to a UE indicating that ongoing signals (whether sensing or communication signals) are to be interrupted due to an urgent task (e.g., an urgent sensing task or an urgent communication task) . Generally speaking, the preemption indication may indicate to the UE the type of preemption (e.g., communication preempting sensing, or vice versa) , whether signals will be overlapping or not, and parameters associated with transmitted signals that may allow the UE to handle signals associated with the urgent task, and / or the preempted signals. Example techniques are shown in and described below in connection with FIGS. 9-12, 13, and 14.
[0027] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by responding to UE capability in transmitting urgent signals and preempted signals, the base station can flexibly respond to the UE’s capabilities. In instances in which overlapping sensing and communication signals are sent (based on the UE ability to handle such overlapping) , overlapping signals may improve spectrum efficiency and sensing performance. In some examples, by utilizing information in the preemption indication message, a UE may be able to flexibly handle preempted signals without requiring flushing of overlapping slots. For example, in instances in which the preemption indication message includes parameters associated with the sensing signal which preempts a communication signal, the UE can utilize sensing signal parameters to mitigate interference from a sensing signal from the communication signal.
[0028] Additional details will follow after an initial description of relevant systems and technologies.
[0029] FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a positioning / sensing system 100 in which a UE 105, location / sensing server 160, and / or other components of the positioning system 100 can use the techniques provided herein for use of preemption signals, according to an embodiment. The techniques described herein may be implemented by one or more components of the positioning / sensing system 100. However, the techniques described herein are not limited to such components and may be implemented in other types of systems (not shown) . The positioning / sensing system 100 can include: a UE 105; one or more satellites 110 (also referred to as space vehicles (SVs) ) for a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (e.g., the Global Positioning System (GPS) , GLONASS, Galileo, or Beidou) and / or Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) functionality; base stations 120; access points (APs) 130; location / sensing server 160; network 170; and external client 180. UE 105 may also refer to a mobile device (or vice versa) in some contexts of the present disclosure. Generally put, the positioning / sensing system 100 can estimate a location of the UE 105 based on RF signals received by and / or sent from the UE 105 and known locations of other components (e.g., GNSS satellites 110, base stations 120, APs 130) transmitting and / or receiving the RF signals. Additionally or alternatively, wireless devices such as the UE 105, base stations 120, and satellites 110 (and / or other NTN platforms, which may be implemented on airplanes, drones, balloons, etc. ) can be utilized to perform positioning (e.g., of one or more wireless devices) and / or perform RF sensing (e.g., of one or more objects by using RF signals transmitted by one or more wireless devices) . Additional details regarding particular location estimation techniques are discussed in more detail with regard to FIG. 2.
[0030] It should be noted that FIG. 1 provides only a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each of which may be duplicated as necessary. Specifically, although only one UE 105 is illustrated, it will be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc. ) may utilize the positioning / sensing system 100. Similarly, the positioning / sensing system 100 may include a larger or smaller number of base stations 120 and / or APs 130 than illustrated in FIG. 1. The illustrated connections that connect the various components in the positioning / sensing system 100 comprise data and signaling connections which may include additional (intermediary) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, substituted, and / or omitted, depending on desired functionality. In some embodiments, for example, the external client 180 may be directly connected to location / sensing server 160. A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications to the components illustrated.
[0031] Depending on desired functionality, the network 170 may comprise any of a variety of wireless and / or wireline networks. The network 170 can, for example, comprise any combination of public and / or private networks, local and / or wide-area networks, and the like. Furthermore, the network 170 may utilize one or more wired and / or wireless communication technologies. In some embodiments, the network 170 may comprise a cellular or other mobile network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless wide-area network (WWAN) , and / or the Internet, for example. Examples of network 170 include a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) wireless network, a Fifth Generation (5G) wireless network (also referred to as New Radio (NR) wireless network or 5G NR wireless network) , a Wi-Fi WLAN, and the Internet. LTE, 5G and NR are wireless technologies defined, or being defined, by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . Network 170 may also include more than one network and / or more than one type of network.
[0032] The base stations 120 and access points (APs) 130 may be communicatively coupled to the network 170. In some embodiments, the base station 120s may be owned, maintained, and / or operated by a cellular network provider, and may employ any of a variety of wireless technologies, as described herein below. Depending on the technology of the network 170, a base station 120 may comprise a node B, an Evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB) , a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station (RBS) , an NR NodeB (gNB) , a Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB) , or the like. A base station 120 that is a gNB or ng-eNB may be part of a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) which may connect to a 5G Core Network (5GC) in the case that Network 170 is a 5G network. The functionality performed by a base station 120 in earlier-generation networks (e.g., 3G and 4G) may be separated into different functional components (e.g., radio units (RUs) , distributed units (DUs) , and central units (CUs) ) and layers (e.g., L1 / L2 / L3) in view Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) and / or Virtualized Radio Access Network (V-RAN or vRAN) in 5G or later networks, which may be executed on different devices at different locations connected, for example, via fronthaul, midhaul, and backhaul connections. As referred to herein, a “base station” (or ng-eNB, gNB, etc. ) may include any or all of these functional components. An AP 130 may comprise a Wi-Fi AP or a AP or an AP having cellular capabilities (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR) , for example. Thus, UE 105 can send and receive information with network-connected devices, such as location / sensing server 160, by accessing the network 170 via a base station 120 using a first communication link 133. Additionally or alternatively, because APs 130 also may be communicatively coupled with the network 170, UE 105 may communicate with network-connected and Internet-connected devices, including location / sensing server 160, using a second communication link 135, or via one or more other mobile devices 145.
[0033] As used herein, the term “base station” may generically refer to a single physical transmission point, or multiple co-located physical transmission points, which may be located at a base station 120. A Transmission Reception Point (TRP) (also known as transmit / receive point) corresponds to this type of transmission point, and the term “TRP” may be used interchangeably herein with the terms “gNB, ” “ng-eNB, ” and “base station. ” In some cases, a base station 120 may comprise multiple TRPs –e.g. with each TRP associated with a different antenna or a different antenna array for the base station 120. As used herein, the transmission functionality of a TRP may be performed with a transmission point (TP) and / or the reception functionality of a TRP may be performed by a reception point (RP) , which may be physically separate or distinct from a TP. That said, a TRP may comprise both a TP and an RP. Physical transmission points may comprise an array of antennas of a base station 120 (e.g., as in a Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) system and / or where the base station employs beamforming) . According to aspects of applicable 5G cellular standards, a base station 120 (e.g., gNB) may be capable of transmitting different “beams” in different directions and performing “beam sweeping” in which a signal is transmitted in different beams, along different directions (e.g., one after the other) . The term “base station” may additionally refer to multiple non-co-located physical transmission points, where the physical transmission points may be a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a Remote Radio Head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station) .
[0034] As noted, satellites 110 may be used to implement NTN functionality, extending communication, positioning, and potentially other functionality (e.g., RF sensing) of a terrestrial network. As such, one or more satellites may be communicatively linked to one or more NTN gateways 150 (also known as “gateways, ” “earth stations, ” or “ground stations” ) . The NTN gateways 150 may be communicatively linked with base stations 120 via link 155. In some embodiments, NTN gateways 150 may function as DUs of a base station 120, as described previously. Not only can this enable the UE 105 to communicate with the network 170 via satellites 110, but this can also enable network-based positioning, RF sensing, etc.
[0035] Satellites 110 may be utilized in one or more ways. For example, satellites 110 (also referred to as space vehicles (SVs) ) may be part of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) , GLONASS, Galileo or Beidou. Positioning using RF signals from GNSS satellites may comprise measuring multiple GNSS signals at a GNSS receiver of the UE 105 to perform code-based and / or carrier-based positioning, which can be highly accurate. Additionally or alternatively, satellites 110 may be utilized for NTN-based positioning, in which satellites 110 may functionally operate as TRPs (or TPs) of a network (e.g., LTE and / or NR network) and may be communicatively coupled with network 170. In particular, reference signals (e.g., PRS) transmitted by satellites 110 NTN-based positioning may be similar to those transmitted by base stations 120 and may be coordinated by a network function server, which may operate as a location / sensing server 160. In some embodiments, satellites 110 used for NTN-based positioning may be different than those used for GNSS-based positioning. In some embodiments NTN nodes may include non-terrestrial vehicles such as airplanes, balloons, drones, etc., which may be in addition or as an alternative to NTN satellites. NTN satellites 110 and / or other NTN platforms may be further leveraged to perform RF sensing. As described in more detail hereafter, satellites may use a JCS symbol in an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform to allow both RF sensing and / or positioning, and communication.
[0036] As used herein, the term “cell” may generically refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station 120, and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a Physical Cell Identifier (PCID) , a Virtual Cell Identifier (VCID) ) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., Machine-Type Communication (MTC) , Narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) , Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity operates.
[0037] The location / sensing server 160 may comprise a server and / or other computing device configured to determine an estimated location of UE 105 and / or provide data (e.g., “assistance data” ) to UE 105 to facilitate location measurement and / or location determination by UE 105. According to some embodiments, location / sensing server 160 may comprise a Home Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (H-SLP) , which may support the SUPL user plane (UP) location solution defined by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) and may support location services for UE 105 based on subscription information for UE 105 stored in location / sensing server 160. In some embodiments, the location / sensing server 160 may comprise a Discovered SLP (D-SLP) or an Emergency SLP (E-SLP) . The location / sensing server 160 may also comprise an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) that supports location of UE 105 using a control plane (CP) location solution for LTE radio access by UE 105. The location / sensing server 160 may further comprise a Location Management Function (LMF) that supports location of UE 105 using a control plane (CP) location solution for NR or LTE radio access by UE 105.
[0038] In a CP location solution, signaling to control and manage the location of UE 105 may be exchanged between elements of network 170 and with UE 105 using existing network interfaces and protocols and as signaling from the perspective of network 170. In a UP location solution, signaling to control and manage the location of UE 105 may be exchanged between location / sensing server 160 and UE 105 as data (e.g. data transported using the Internet Protocol (IP) and / or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ) from the perspective of network 170.
[0039] As previously noted (and discussed in more detail below) , the estimated location of UE 105 may be based on measurements of RF signals sent from and / or received by the UE 105. In particular, these measurements can provide information regarding the relative distance and / or angle of the UE 105 from one or more components in the positioning / sensing system 100 (e.g., satellites 110, APs 130, base stations 120) . The estimated location of the UE 105 can be estimated geometrically (e.g., using multiangulation and / or multilateration) , based on the distance and / or angle measurements, along with known position of the one or more components.
[0040] Additionally or alternatively, the location / sensing server 160, may function as a sensing server. A sensing server can be used to coordinate and / or assist in the coordination of sensing of one or more objects (also referred to herein as “targets” ) by one or more wireless devices in the positioning / sensing system 100. This can include the UE 105, base stations 120, APs 130, other mobile devices 145, satellites 110, or any combination thereof. Wireless devices capable of performing RF sensing may be referred to herein as “sensing nodes. ” To perform RF sensing, a sensing server may coordinate sensing sessions in which one or more RF sensing nodes may perform RF sensing by transmitting RF signals (e.g., reference signals (RSs) ) , and measuring reflected signals, or “echoes, ” comprising reflections of the transmitted RF signals off of one or more objects / targets. Reflected signals and object / target detection may be determined, for example, from channel state information (CSI) received at a receiving device. Sensing may comprise (i) monostatic sensing using a single device as a transmitter (of RF signals) and receiver (of reflected signals) ; (ii) bistatic sensing using a first device as a transmitter and a second device as a receiver; or (iii) multi-static sensing using a plurality of transmitters and / or a plurality of receivers. To facilitate sensing (e.g., in a sensing session among one or more sensing nodes) , a sensing server may provide data (e.g., “assistance data” ) to the sensing nodes to facilitate RS transmission and / or measurement, object / target detection, or any combination thereof. Such data may include an RS configuration indicating which resources (e.g., time and / or frequency resources) may be used (e.g., in a sensing session) to transmit RS for RF sensing. According to some embodiments, a sensing server may comprise a Sensing Management Function (SMF or SnMF) .
[0041] Although terrestrial components such as APs 130 and base stations 120 may be fixed, embodiments are not so limited. Mobile components may be used. For example, in some embodiments, a location of the UE 105 may be estimated at least in part based on measurements of RF signals 140 communicated between the UE 105 and one or more other mobile devices 145, which may be mobile or fixed. As illustrated, other mobile devices may include, for example, a mobile phone 145-1, vehicle 145-2, static communication / positioning device 145-3, or other static and / or mobile device capable of providing wireless signals used for positioning the UE 105, or a combination thereof. Wireless signals from mobile devices 145 used for positioning of the UE 105 may comprise RF signals using, for example, (including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ) , IEEE 802.11x (e.g., ) , Ultra Wideband (UWB) , IEEE 802.15x, or a combination thereof. Mobile devices 145 may additionally or alternatively use non-RF wireless signals for positioning of the UE 105, such as infrared signals or other optical technologies.
[0042] Mobile devices 145 may comprise other UEs communicatively coupled with a cellular or other mobile network (e.g., network 170) . When one or more other mobile devices 145 comprising UEs are used in the position determination of a particular UE 105, the UE 105 for which the position is to be determined may be referred to as the “target UE, ” and each of the other mobile devices 145 used may be referred to as an “anchor UE. ” For position determination of a target UE, the respective positions of the one or more anchor UEs may be known and / or jointly determined with the target UE. Direct communication between the one or more other mobile devices 145 and UE 105 may comprise sidelink and / or similar Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technologies. Sidelink, which is defined by 3GPP, is a form of D2D communication under the cellular-based LTE and NR standards. UWB may be one such technology by which the positioning of a target device (e.g., UE 105) may be facilitated using measurements from one or more anchor devices (e.g., mobile devices 145) .
[0043] According to some embodiments, such as when the UE 105 comprises and / or is incorporated into a vehicle, a form of D2D communication used by the UE 105 may comprise vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. V2X is a communication standard for vehicles and related entities to exchange information regarding a traffic environment. V2X can include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between V2X-capable vehicles, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication between the vehicle and infrastructure-based devices (commonly termed roadside units (RSUs) ) , vehicle-to-person (V2P) communication between vehicles and nearby people (pedestrians, cyclists, and other road users) , and the like. Further, V2X can use any of a variety of wireless RF communication technologies. Cellular V2X (CV2X) , for example, is a form of V2X that uses cellular-based communication such as LTE (4G) , NR (5G) and / or other cellular technologies in a direct-communication mode as defined by 3GPP. The UE 105 illustrated in FIG. 1 may correspond to a component or device on a vehicle, RSU, or other V2X entity that is used to communicate V2X messages. In embodiments in which V2X is used, the static communication / positioning device 145-3 (which may correspond with an RSU) and / or the vehicle 145-2, therefore, may communicate with the UE 105 and may be used to determine the position of the UE 105 using techniques similar to those used by base stations 120 and / or APs 130 (e.g., using multiangulation and / or multilateration) . It can be further noted that mobile devices 145 (which may include V2X devices) , base stations 120, and / or APs 130 may be used together (e.g., in a WWAN positioning solution) to determine the position of the UE 105, according to some embodiments.
[0044] An estimated location of UE 105 can be used in a variety of applications –e.g. to assist direction finding or navigation for a user of UE 105 or to assist another user (e.g. associated with external client 180) to locate UE 105. A “location” is also referred to herein as a “location estimate” , “estimated location” , “location” , “position” , “position estimate” , “position fix” , “estimated position” , “location fix” or “fix” . The process of determining a location may be referred to as “positioning, ” “position determination, ” “location determination, ” or the like. A location of UE 105 may comprise an absolute location of UE 105 (e.g. a latitude and longitude and possibly altitude) or a relative location of UE 105 (e.g. a location expressed as distances north or south, east or west and possibly above or below some other known fixed location (including, e.g., the location of a base station 120 or AP 130) or some other location such as a location for UE 105 at some known previous time, or a location of a mobile device 145 (e.g., another UE) at some known previous time) . A location may be specified as a geodetic location comprising coordinates which may be absolute (e.g. latitude, longitude and optionally altitude) , relative (e.g. relative to some known absolute location) or local (e.g. X, Y and optionally Z coordinates according to a coordinate system defined relative to a local area such a factory, warehouse, college campus, shopping mall, sports stadium or convention center) . A location may instead be a civic location and may then comprise one or more of a street address (e.g. including names or labels for a country, state, county, city, road and / or street, and / or a road or street number) , and / or a label or name for a place, building, portion of a building, floor of a building, and / or room inside a building etc. A location may further include an uncertainty or error indication, such as a horizontal and possibly vertical distance by which the location is expected to be in error or an indication of an area or volume (e.g. a circle or ellipse) within which UE 105 is expected to be located with some level of confidence (e.g. 95%confidence) .
[0045] The external client 180 may be a web server or remote application that may have some association with UE 105 (e.g. may be accessed by a user of UE 105) or may be a server, application, or computer system providing a location service to some other user or users which may include obtaining and providing the location of UE 105 (e.g. to enable a service such as friend or relative finder, or child or pet location) . Additionally or alternatively, the external client 180 may obtain and provide the location of UE 105 to an emergency services provider, government agency, etc.
[0046] As previously noted, the example positioning / sensing system 100 can be implemented using a wireless communication network, such as an LTE-based or 5G NR-based network, or a future network (e.g., 6G network) . FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200, illustrating an embodiment of a positioning / sensing system (e.g., positioning / sensing system 100) implementing 5G NR. The 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 may be configured to enable wireless communication, determine the location of a UE 205 (which may be an example of UE 105 of FIG. 1) , performing RF sensing, or a combination thereof, by using access nodes, which may include NR NodeB (gNB) 210-1 and 210-2 (collectively and generically referred to herein as gNBs 210) , ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216 to implement one or more positioning methods and / or one or more sensing methods. These access nodes can use RF signaling to enable the communication, implement the one or more positioning methods, and / or implement RF sensing. The gNBs 210 and / or the ng-eNB 214 may correspond with base stations 120 of FIG. 1, and the WLAN 216 may correspond with one or more access points 130 of FIG. 1. Optionally, the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 additionally may be configured to determine the location of a UE 205 by using an LMF 220 (which may correspond with location / sensing server 160) to implement the one or more positioning methods. The SMF 221 may be configured to coordinate RF sensing by the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200. Here, the 5G NR positioning system 200 comprises a UE 205, and components of a 5G NR network comprising a Next Generation (NG) Radio Access Network (RAN) (NG-RAN) 235 and a 5G Core Network (5G CN) 240. A 5G network may also be referred to as an NR network; NG-RAN 235 may be referred to as a 5G RAN or as an NR RAN; and 5G CN 240 may be referred to as an NG Core network. Additional components of the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 are described below. The 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 may include additional or alternative components.
[0047] The 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 may further utilize information from satellites 110. As previously indicated, satellites 110 may comprise GNSS satellites from a GNSS system like Global Positioning System (GPS) or similar system (e.g., GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) ) . Additionally or alternatively, satellites 110 may comprise NTN satellites. NTN satellites may be in low earth orbit (LEO) , medium earth orbit (MEO) , geostationary earth orbit (GEO) or some other type of orbit. NTN satellites may be communicatively coupled with the LMF 220 and may operatively function as a TRP (or TP) in the NG-RAN 235. As such, satellites 110 may be in communication with one or more gNB 210 via one or more NTN gateways 150. According to some embodiments, an NTN gateway 150 may operate as a DU of a gNB 210, in which case communications between NTN gateway 150 and CU of the gNB 210 may occur over an F interface 218 between DU and CU.
[0048] It should be noted that FIG. 2 provides only a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate, and each of which may be duplicated or omitted as necessary. Specifically, although only one UE 205 is illustrated, it will be understood that many UEs (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc. ) may utilize the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200. Similarly, the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 may include a larger (or smaller) number of satellites 110, gNBs 210, ng-eNBs 214, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) 216, Access and mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 215, external clients 230, and / or other components. The illustrated connections that connect the various components in the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 include data and signaling connections which may include additional (intermediary) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, substituted, and / or omitted, depending on desired functionality.
[0049] The UE 205 may comprise and / or be referred to as a device, a mobile device, a wireless device, a mobile terminal, a terminal, a mobile station (MS) , a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) -Enabled Terminal (SET) , or by some other name. Moreover, UE 205 may correspond to a cellphone, smartphone, laptop, tablet, personal data assistant (PDA) , navigation device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, or some other portable or moveable device. Typically, though not necessarily, the UE 205 may support wireless communication using one or more Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as using GSM, CDMA, W-CDMA, LTE, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAXTM) , 5G NR (e.g., using the NG-RAN 235 and 5G CN 240) , etc. The UE 205 may also support wireless communication using a WLAN 216 which (like the one or more RATs, and as previously noted with respect to FIG. 1) may connect to other networks, such as the Internet. The use of one or more of these RATs may allow the UE 205 to communicate with an external client 230 (e.g., via elements of 5G CN 240 not shown in FIG. 2, or possibly via a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225) and / or allow the external client 230 to receive location information regarding the UE 205 (e.g., via the GMLC 225) . The external client 230 of FIG. 2 may correspond to external client 180 of FIG. 1, as implemented in or communicatively coupled with a 5G NR network.
[0050] The UE 205 may include a single entity or may include multiple entities, such as in a personal area network where a user may employ audio, video and / or data I / O devices, and / or body sensors and a separate wireline or wireless modem. An estimate of a location of the UE 205 may be referred to as a location, location estimate, location fix, fix, position, position estimate, or position fix, and may be geodetic, thus providing location coordinates for the UE 205 (e.g., latitude and longitude) , which may or may not include an altitude component (e.g., height above sea level, height above or depth below ground level, floor level or basement level) . Alternatively, a location of the UE 205 may be expressed as a civic location (e.g., as a postal address or the designation of some point or small area in a building such as a particular room or floor) . A location of the UE 205 may also be expressed as an area or volume (defined either geodetically or in civic form) within which the UE 205 is expected to be located with some probability or confidence level (e.g., 67%, 95%, etc. ) . A location of the UE 205 may further be a relative location comprising, for example, a distance and direction or relative X, Y (and Z) coordinates defined relative to some origin at a known location which may be defined geodetically, in civic terms, or by reference to a point, area, or volume indicated on a map, floor plan or building plan. In the description contained herein, the use of the term location may comprise any of these variants unless indicated otherwise. When computing the location of a UE, it is common to solve for local X, Y, and possibly Z coordinates and then, if needed, convert the local coordinates into absolute ones (e.g. for latitude, longitude and altitude above or below mean sea level) .
[0051] Base stations in the NG-RAN 235 shown in FIG. 2 may correspond to base stations 120 in FIG. 1 and may include gNBs 210. Pairs of gNBs 210 in NG-RAN 235 may be connected to one another (e.g., directly as shown in FIG. 2 or indirectly via other gNBs 210) . The communication interface between base stations (gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may be referred to as an Xn interface 237. Access to the 5G network is provided to UE 205 via wireless communication between the UE 205 and one or more of the gNBs 210, which may provide wireless communications access to the 5G CN 240 on behalf of the UE 205 using 5G NR. The wireless interface between base stations (gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) and the UE 205 may be referred to as a Uu interface 239.5G NR radio access may also be referred to as NR radio access or as 5G radio access. In FIG. 2, the serving gNB for UE 205 is assumed to be gNB 210-1, although other gNBs (e.g. gNB 210-2) may act as a serving gNB if UE 205 moves to another location or may act as a secondary gNB to provide additional throughput and bandwidth to UE 205.
[0052] Base stations in the NG-RAN 235 shown in FIG. 2 may also or instead include a next generation evolved Node B, also referred to as an ng-eNB, 214. Ng-eNB 214 may be connected to one or more gNBs 210 in NG-RAN 235–e.g. directly or indirectly via other gNBs 210 and / or other ng-eNBs. An ng-eNB 214 may provide LTE wireless access and / or evolved LTE (eLTE) wireless access to UE 205. Some gNBs 210 (e.g. gNB 210-2) and / or ng-eNB 214 in FIG. 2 may be configured to function as positioning-only beacons which may transmit signals (e.g., Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) ) and / or may broadcast assistance data to assist positioning of UE 205 but may not receive signals from UE 205 or from other UEs. Some gNBs 210 (e.g., gNB 210-2 and / or another gNB not shown) and / or ng-eNB 214 may be configured to function as detecting-only nodes may scan for signals containing, e.g., PRS data, assistance data, or other location data. Such detecting-only nodes may not transmit signals or data to UEs but may transmit signals or data (relating to, e.g., PRS, assistance data, or other location data) to other network entities (e.g., one or more components of 5G CN 240, external client 230, or a controller) which may receive and store or use the data for positioning of at least UE 205. It is noted that while only one ng-eNB 214 is shown in FIG. 2, some embodiments may include multiple ng-eNBs 214. Base stations (e.g., gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) may communicate directly with one another via an Xn communication interface. Additionally or alternatively, base stations may communicate directly or indirectly with other components of the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200, such as the LMF 220 and AMF 215.
[0053] 5G NR positioning system / sensing 200 may also include one or more WLANs 216 which may connect to a Non-3GPP InterWorking Function (N3IWF) 250 in the 5G CN 240 (e.g., in the case of an untrusted WLAN 216) . For example, the WLAN 216 may support IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi access for UE 205 and may comprise one or more Wi-Fi APs (e.g., APs 130 of FIG. 1) . Here, the N3IWF 250 may connect to other elements in the 5G CN 240 such as AMF 215. In some embodiments, WLAN 216 may support another RAT such as Bluetooth. The N3IWF 250 may provide support for secure access by UE 205 to other elements in 5G CN 240 and / or may support interworking of one or more protocols used by WLAN 216 and UE 205 to one or more protocols used by other elements of 5G CN 240 such as AMF 215. For example, N3IWF 250 may support IPSec tunnel establishment with UE 205, termination of IKEv2 / IPSec protocols with UE 205, termination of N2 and N3 interfaces to 5G CN 240 for control plane and user plane, respectively, relaying of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) control plane Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling between UE 205 and AMF 215 across an N1 interface. In some other embodiments, WLAN 216 may connect directly to elements in 5G CN 240 (e.g. AMF 215 as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 2) and not via N3IWF 250. For example, direct connection of WLAN 216 to 5GCN 240 may occur if WLAN 216 is a trusted WLAN for 5GCN 240 and may be enabled using a Trusted WLAN Interworking Function (TWIF) (not shown in FIG. 2) which may be an element inside WLAN 216. It is noted that while only one WLAN 216 is shown in FIG. 2, some embodiments may include multiple WLANs 216.
[0054] Access nodes may comprise any of a variety of network entities enabling communication between the UE 205 and the AMF 215. As noted, this can include gNBs 210, ng-eNB 214, WLAN 216, and / or other types of cellular base stations. However, access nodes providing the functionality described herein may additionally or alternatively include entities enabling communications to any of a variety of RATs not illustrated in FIG. 2, which may include non-cellular technologies. Thus, the term “access node, ” as used in the embodiments described herein below, may include but is not necessarily limited to a gNB 210, ng-eNB 214 or WLAN 216.
[0055] In some embodiments, an access node, such as a gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216, or NTN satellite 110, or a combination thereof (alone or in combination with other components of the 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200) , may be configured to, in response to receiving a request for location information from the LMF 220, obtain location measurements of uplink (UL) signals received from the UE 205) and / or obtain downlink (DL) location measurements from the UE 205 that were obtained by UE 205 for DL signals received by UE 205 from one or more access nodes. As noted, while FIG. 2 depicts access nodes (gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, WLAN 216, and NTN satellite 110) configured to communicate according to 5G NR, LTE, and Wi-Fi communication protocols, respectively, access nodes configured to communicate according to other communication protocols may be used, such as, for example, a Node B using a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) protocol for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , an eNB using an LTE protocol for an Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) , or a beacon using a Bluetooth protocol for a WLAN. For example, in a 4G Evolved Packet System (EPS) providing LTE wireless access to UE 205, a RAN may comprise an E-UTRAN, which may comprise base stations comprising eNBs supporting LTE wireless access. A core network for EPS may comprise an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) . An EPS may then comprise an E-UTRAN plus an EPC, where the E-UTRAN corresponds to NG-RAN 235 and the EPC corresponds to 5GCN 240 in FIG. 2. The methods and techniques described herein for obtaining a civic location for UE 205 may be applicable to such other networks.
[0056] The gNBs 210 and ng-eNB 214 can communicate with an AMF 215, which, for positioning functionality, communicates with an LMF 220. The AMF 215 may support mobility of the UE 205, including cell change and handover of UE 205 from an access node (e.g., gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, WLAN 216, or NTN satellite 110) of a first RAT to an access node of a second RAT. The AMF 215 may also participate in supporting a signaling connection to the UE 205 and possibly data and voice bearers for the UE 205. The LMF 220 may support positioning of the UE 205 using a CP location solution when UE 205 accesses the NG-RAN 235 or WLAN 216 and may support position procedures and methods, including UE assisted or UE based and / or network based procedures / methods, such as Assisted GNSS (A-GNSS) , Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA) (which may be referred to in NR as Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) ) , Frequency Difference Of Arrival (FDOA) , Real Time Kinematic (RTK) , Precise Point Positioning (PPP) , Differential GNSS (DGNSS) , Enhance Cell ID (ECID) , angle of arrival (AoA) , angle of departure (AoD) , WLAN positioning, round trip signal propagation delay (RTT) , multi-cell RTT, and / or other positioning procedures and methods. The LMF 220 may also process location service requests for the UE 205, e.g., received from the AMF 215 or from the GMLC 225. The LMF 220 may be connected to AMF 215 and / or to GMLC 225. In some embodiments, a network such as 5GCN 240 may additionally or alternatively implement other types of location-support modules, such as an Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) or a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) . It is noted that in some embodiments, at least part of the positioning functionality (including determination of a UE 205’s location) may be performed at the UE 205 (e.g., by measuring downlink PRS (DL-PRS) signals transmitted by wireless nodes such as gNBs 210, ng-eNB 214, WLAN 216, or NTN satellite 110, and / or using assistance data provided to the UE 205, e.g., by LMF 220) .
[0057] The Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 225 may support a location request for the UE 205 received from an external client 230 and may forward such a location request to the AMF 215 for forwarding by the AMF 215 to the LMF 220. A location response from the LMF 220 (e.g., containing a location estimate for the UE 205) may be similarly returned to the GMLC 225 either directly or via the AMF 215, and the GMLC 225 may then return the location response (e.g., containing the location estimate) to the external client 230.
[0058] A Network Exposure Function (NEF) 245 may be included in 5GCN 240. The NEF 245 may support secure exposure of capabilities and events concerning 5GCN 240 and UE 205 to the external client 230, which may then be referred to as an Access Function (AF) and may enable secure provision of information from external client 230 to 5GCN 240. NEF 245 may be connected to AMF 215 and / or to GMLC 225 for the purposes of obtaining a location (e.g. a civic location) of UE 205 and providing the location to external client 230.
[0059] As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the LMF 220 may communicate with the gNBs 210 and / or with the ng-eNB 214 using an NR Positioning Protocol annex (NRPPa) as defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa messages may be transferred between a gNB 210 and the LMF 220, and / or between an ng-eNB 214 and the LMF 220, via the AMF 215. As further illustrated in FIG. 2, LMF 220 and UE 205 may communicate using an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) as defined in 3GPP TS 37.355. Here, LPP messages may be transferred between the UE 205 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215 and a serving gNB 210-1 or serving ng-eNB 214 for UE 205. For example, LPP messages may be transferred between the LMF 220 and the AMF 215 using messages for service-based operations (e.g., based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ) and may be transferred between the AMF 215 and the UE 205 using a 5G NAS protocol. The LPP protocol may be used to support positioning of UE 205 using UE assisted and / or UE based position methods such as A-GNSS, RTK, TDOA, multi-cell RTT, AoD, and / or ECID. The NRPPa protocol may be used to support positioning of UE 205 using network based position methods such as ECID, AoA, uplink TDOA (UL-TDOA) and / or may be used by LMF 220 to obtain location related information from gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214, such as parameters defining DL-PRS transmission from gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214.
[0060] In the case of UE 205 access to WLAN 216, LMF 220 may use NRPPa and / or LPP to obtain a location of UE 205 in a similar manner to that just described for UE 205 access to a gNB 210 or ng-eNB 214. Thus, NRPPa messages may be transferred between a WLAN 216 and the LMF 220, via the AMF 215 and N3IWF 250 to support network-based positioning of UE 205 and / or transfer of other location information from WLAN 216 to LMF 220. Alternatively, NRPPa messages may be transferred between N3IWF 250 and the LMF 220, via the AMF 215, to support network-based positioning of UE 205 based on location related information and / or location measurements known to or accessible to N3IWF 250 and transferred from N3IWF 250 to LMF 220 using NRPPa. Similarly, LPP and / or LPP messages may be transferred between the UE 205 and the LMF 220 via the AMF 215, N3IWF 250, and serving WLAN 216 for UE 205 to support UE-assisted or UE-based positioning of UE 205 by LMF 220, described in more detail hereafter.
[0061] Positioning of the UE 205 in a 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200 further may utilize measurements between the UE 205 and one or more other UEs 255 via a sidelink connection SL 260. As shown in FIG. 2, the one or more other UEs 255 may comprise any of a variety of different device types, including mobile phones, vehicles, roadside units (RSUs) , other device types, or any combination thereof. One or more position measurement signals sent via SL 260 to the UE 205 from the one or more other UEs 255, to the one or more other UEs 255 from the UE 205, or both. Various signals may be used for position measurement, including sidelink PRS (SL-PRS) . In some instances, the position of at least one of the one or more of the other UEs 255 may be determined at the same time (e.g., in the same positioning session) as the position of the UE 205. In some embodiments, the LMF 220 may coordinate the transmission of positioning signals via SL 260 between the UE 205 and the one or more other UEs 255. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 205 and the one or more other UEs 255 may coordinate a positioning session between themselves, without an LMF 220 or even a Uu connection 239 to an access node of the NG-RAN 235. To do so, the UE 205 and the one or more other UEs 255 may communicate messages via the SL 260 using sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) . In some scenarios, the one or more other UEs 255 may have a Uu connection 239 with an access node of the NG-RAN 235 and / or Wi-Fi connection with WLAN 216 when the UE 205 does not. In such instances, the one or more other UEs 255 may operate as relay devices, relaying communications to the network (e.g., LMF 220) from the UE 205. In such instances, a plurality of other UEs 255 may form a chain between the UE 205 and the access node.
[0062] In a 5G NR positioning / sensing system 200, positioning and sensing methods can be categorized as being “UE assisted” or “UE based. ” This may depend on where the request for determining the position of the UE 205 originated. If, for example, the request originated at the UE (e.g., from an application, or “app, ” executed by the UE) , the positioning method may be categorized as being UE based. If, on the other hand, the request originates from an external client 230, LMF 220, or other device or service within the 5G network, the positioning method may be categorized as being UE assisted (or “network-based” ) .
[0063] With a UE-assisted position method, UE 205 may obtain location measurements and send the measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for computation of a location estimate for UE 205. For RAT-dependent position methods location measurements may include one or more of a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) , Round Trip signal propagation Time (RTT) , Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) , Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) , Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) , Time of Arrival (TOA) , AoA, Receive Time-Transmission Time Difference (Rx-Tx) , Differential AoA (DAoA) , AoD, or Timing Advance (TA) for gNBs 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or one or more access points for WLAN 216. Additionally or alternatively, similar measurements may be made of sidelink signals transmitted by other UEs, which may serve as anchor points for positioning of the UE 205 if the positions of the other UEs are known. The location measurements may also or instead include measurements for RAT-independent positioning methods such as GNSS (e.g., GNSS pseudorange, GNSS code phase, and / or GNSS carrier phase for satellites 110) , WLAN, etc.
[0064] With a UE-based position method, UE 205 may obtain location measurements (e.g., which may be the same as or similar to location measurements for a UE assisted position method) and may further compute a location of UE 205 (e.g., with the help of assistance data received from a location server such as LMF 220, an SLP, or broadcast by gNBs 210, ng-eNB 214, or WLAN 216) .
[0065] With a network-based position method, one or more base stations (e.g., gNBs 210 and / or ng-eNB 214) , one or more APs (e.g., in WLAN 216) , or N3IWF 250 may obtain location measurements (e.g., measurements of RSSI, RTT, RSRP, RSRQ, AoA, or TOA) for signals transmitted by UE 205, and / or may receive measurements obtained by UE 205 or by an AP in WLAN 216 in the case of N3IWF 250, and may send the measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 220) for computation of a location estimate for UE 205.
[0066] Positioning of the UE 205 also may be categorized as UL, DL, or DL-UL based, depending on the types of signals used for positioning. If, for example, positioning is based solely on signals received at the UE 205 (e.g., from a base station or other UE) , the positioning may be categorized as DL based. On the other hand, if positioning is based solely on signals transmitted by the UE 205 (which may be received by a base station or other UE, for example) , the positioning may be categorized as UL based. Positioning that is DL-UL based includes positioning, such as RTT-based positioning, that is based on signals that are both transmitted and received by the UE 205. Sidelink (SL) -assisted positioning comprises signals communicated between the UE 205 and one or more other UEs. According to some embodiments, UL, DL, or DL-UL positioning as described herein may be capable of using SL signaling as a complement or replacement of SL, DL, or DL-UL signaling.
[0067] Depending on the type of positioning (e.g., UL, DL, or DL-UL based) the types of reference signals used can vary. For DL-based positioning, for example, these signals may comprise PRS (e.g., DL-PRS transmitted by base stations or SL-PRS transmitted by other UEs) , which can be used for TDOA, AoD, and RTT measurements. Other reference signals that can be used for positioning (UL, DL, or DL-UL) may include Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) , Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) , synchronization signals (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB) Synchronizations Signal (SS) ) , Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) , Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) , Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) , Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) , etc. Moreover, reference signals may be transmitted in a Tx beam and / or received in an Rx beam (e.g., using beamforming techniques) , which may impact angular measurements, such as AoD and / or AoA.
[0068] The principles described above with respect to positioning may be generally extended to RF sensing. That is, RF sensing may be UE based (e.g., originated from the UE) and / or UE assisted (e.g., originated from a non-UE entity) , and may involve UL signals, DL signals, or both. However, RF sensing may differ from positioning in various ways. For example, as previously noted and described in more detail below, RF sensing may involve the use of specific RF sensing signals. Further, RF sensing may be performed in a monostatic, bistatic, or multi-static manner, as described above, where RF sensing nodes comprise a UE (e.g., UE 205) and / or one or more access nodes (e.g., gNBs 210, ng-eNB 214, WLAN 216, NTN satellites 110, or any combination thereof) .
[0069] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an RF sensing system 305 and associated terminology. As used herein, the terms “waveform” and “sequence” and derivatives thereof are used interchangeably to refer to RF signals generated by a transmitter of the RF sensing system and received by a receiver of the RF sensing system for object detection. A “pulse” and derivatives thereof are generally referred to herein as waveforms comprising a sequence or complementary pair of sequences transmitted and received to generate a channel impulse response (CIR) . The RF sensing system 305 may comprise a standalone device or may be integrated into a larger electronic device (e.g., the UE disclosed herein) , such as a mobile phone, UE, a base station / access node, a satellite, or other type of sensing node as described herein. (Example components of such electronic devices are illustrated in FIGS. 11 –13, discussed in detail hereafter. )
[0070] Sensing algorithms may utilize monostatic sensing or bistatic or multistatic sensing. Monostatic sensing involves using a pair of co-located transmitter and receiver to sense the environment, while bistatic or multistatic sensing involves using separated transmitters and receivers to sense environment.
[0071] It can be noted that although the example RF sensing system 305 of FIG. 3 is illustrated in a monostatic configuration, embodiments are not so limited. As noted elsewhere herein, RF sensing nodes may be configured to perform RF sensing in a monostatic, bistatic, or multi-static configuration, or any combination thereof (e.g., depending on the circumstances of a particular instance) . As such, components of an RF sensing system 305 within an RF sensing node may vary. For example, RF sensing nodes performing only transmitting or only receiving during RF sensing may include only respective components related to the transmitting or receiving. Again, embodiments may vary, depending on desired functionality.
[0072] With regard to the functionality of the RF sensing system 305 in FIG. 3, the RF sensing system 305 can detect the distance, direction, and / or speed of objects of an object 310 by generating a series of transmitted RF signals 312 (comprising one or more pulses) . Some of these transmitted RF signals 312 may reflect off of the object 310, and these reflected RF signals 314 (or “echoes” ) may then be processed by the RF sensing system 305 using beamforming (BF) and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to determine the location of the object 310 (azimuth, elevation, velocity (e.g., from Doppler measurements) , and / or range) relative to the RF sensing system 305. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection may be part of this processing, but may not necessarily be used in every instance, or “occasion, ” in which RF sensing is performed.
[0073] To enable RF sensing, RF sensing system 305 may in some implementations include a processing unit 315, a memory 317, a multiplexer (mux) 320, Tx processing circuitry 325, and Rx processing circuitry 330. Some implementations of the RF sensing system 305 may include additional components not illustrated, such as a power source, user interface, or electronic interface) . It can be noted, however, that these components of the RF sensing system 305 may be rearranged or otherwise altered in alternative embodiments, depending on desired functionality. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “transmit circuitry” or “Tx circuitry” refer to any circuitry utilized to create and / or transmit the transmitted RF signal 312. Likewise, the terms “receive circuitry” or “Rx circuitry” refer to any circuitry utilized to detect and / or process the reflected RF signal 314. As such, “transmit circuitry” and “receive circuitry” may not only comprise the Tx processing circuitry 325 and Rx processing circuitry 330 respectively but may also comprise the mux 320 and processing unit 315. In some embodiments, the processing unit 315 may compose at least part of a modem and / or wireless communications interface. In some embodiments, more than one processing unit may be used to perform the functions of the processing unit 315 described herein.
[0074] The Tx processing circuitry 325 and Rx circuitry 330 may comprise subcomponents for respectively generating and detecting RF signals. As a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the Tx processing circuitry 325 may therefore include a pulse generator, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) , a mixer (for up-mixing the signal to the transmit frequency) , one or more amplifiers (for powering the transmission via Tx antenna array 335) , etc. The Rx processing circuitry 330 may have similar hardware for processing a detected RF signal. In particular, the Rx processing circuitry 330 may comprise an amplifier (for amplifying a signal received via Rx antenna 340) , a mixer for down-converting the received signal from the transmit frequency, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for digitizing the received signal, and a pulse correlator providing a matched filter for the pulse generated by the Tx processing circuitry 325. The Rx processing circuitry 330 may therefore use the correlator output as the CIR, which can be processed by the processing unit 315 (or other circuitries) . Processing of the CIR may include object detecting, range, speed, or direction of arrival (DoA) estimation.
[0075] Beamforming is further enabled by a Tx antenna array 335 and an Rx antenna array 340. Each antenna array 335, 340 may include a plurality of antenna elements. It can be noted that, although the antenna arrays 335, 340 of FIG. 3 can include two-dimensional arrays, embodiments are not so limited. Arrays may simply include a plurality of antenna elements along a single dimension that provides for spatial cancelation between the Tx and Rx sides of the RF sensing system 305. As a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the relative location of the Tx and Rx sides, in addition to various environmental factors can impact how spatial cancelation may be performed.
[0076] It can be noted that the properties of the transmitted RF signal 312 may vary, depending on the technologies utilized. Techniques provided herein can apply generally to “mmWave” technologies, which typically operate at 57–71 GHz, but may include frequencies ranging from 30–300 GHz. This includes, for example, frequencies utilized by the 802.11ad Wi-Fi standard (operating at 60 GHz) . That said, some embodiments may utilize RF signals with frequencies outside this range. For example, in some embodiments, 5G frequency bands (e.g., 28 GHz) may be used.
[0077] Because RF sensing may be performed in the same frequency bands as communication (e.g., cellular and / or WLAN communication) , hardware may be utilized for both communication and RF sensing, as previously noted. For example, one or more of the components of the RF sensing system 305 shown in FIG. 3 may be included in a wireless modem (e.g., Wi-Fi, 5G, or other modems) . Additionally, techniques may apply to RF signals comprising any of a variety of pulse types, including compressed pulses (e.g., comprising Chirp, Golay, Barker, or Ipatov sequences) may be utilized. That said, embodiments are not limited to such frequencies and / or pulse types. Additionally, because the RF sensing system may be capable of sending RF signals for communication (e.g., using 802.11 communication technology) , embodiments may leverage channel estimation used in communication for performing the RF sensing as provided herein. Accordingly, the pulses may be the same as those used for channel estimation in communication.
[0078] As noted, the RF sensing system 305 may be integrated into an electronic device in which RF sensing is desired. For example, the RF sensing system 305, which can perform RF sensing, may be part of communication hardware found in a mobile device or UE (e.g., 105, 205) , including modern mobile phones. Other devices, too, may utilize the techniques provided herein. These can include, for example, other mobile devices (e.g., tablets, portable media players, laptops, wearable devices, other electronic devices (e.g., security devices, on-vehicle systems, specialized or dedicated RF sensing devices) , wireless nodes of the communication network (e.g., access nodes, such as base stations and / or satellites) , or the like. That said, electronic devices (e.g., RF sensing nodes) into which an RF sensing system 305 may be integrated are not limited to such devices.
[0079] In RF sensing, a wireless signal can be transmitted from one or multiple transmit points and received at one or multiple receive points after being reflected off a target. RF sensing can enable many candidate applications, including intruder detection, animal / pedestrian / unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intrusion detection in highways and railways, rainfall monitoring, flooding awareness, autonomous driving, automated guided vehicle (AGV) detection / tracking / collision avoidance, smart parking and assistance, UAV trajectory and tracking, crowd management, sleep / health monitoring, gesture recognition, XR streaming, public safety, search and rescue, and more. Further, RF sensing is expected to be incorporated into wireless standards (e.g., 5G, 6G) , and therefore may be performed in the future in a cellular network.
[0080] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a frame structure for NR and associated terminology, which can serve as the basis for physical layer communication between the UE 105 and base stations / TRPs. The transmission timeline for each of the downlink and uplink may be partitioned into units of radio frames. Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 ms) and may be partitioned into 10 subframes, each of 1 ms, with indices of 0 through 9. Each subframe may include a variable number of slots depending on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a variable number of symbol periods (e.g., 7 or 14 symbols) depending on the subcarrier spacing. The symbol periods in each slot may be assigned indices. A mini slot may comprise a sub slot structure (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 symbols) . Additionally shown in FIG. 4 is the complete Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) of a subframe, showing how a subframe can be divided across both time and frequency into a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) . A single RB can comprise a grid of Resource Elements (REs) spanning 14 symbols and 12 subcarriers.
[0081] Each symbol in a slot may indicate a link direction (e.g., downlink (DL) , uplink (UL) , or flexible) or data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched. The link directions may be based on the slot format. Each slot may include DL / UL data as well as DL / UL control information. In NR, a synchronization signal (SS) block is transmitted. The SS block includes a primary SS (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , and a two symbol Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) . The SS block can be transmitted in a fixed slot location, such as the symbols 0-3 as shown in FIG. 4. The PSS and SSS may be used by UEs for cell search and acquisition. The PSS may provide half-frame timing, the SS may provide the cyclic prefix (CP) length and frame timing. The PSS and SSS may provide the cell identity. The PBCH carries some basic system information, such as downlink system bandwidth, timing information within radio frame, SS burst set periodicity, system frame number, etc.
[0082] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a radio frame sequence 500 with PRS positioning occasions. A “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodically repeated time window (e.g., a group of one or more consecutive slots) where PRS are expected to be transmitted. A PRS occasion may also be referred to as a “PRS positioning occasion, ” a “PRS positioning instance, a “positioning occasion, ” “apositioning instance, ” or simply an “occasion” or “instance. ” Subframe sequence 500 may be applicable to broadcast of PRS signals (DL-PRS signals) from base stations 120 in positioning system 100. The radio frame sequence 500 may be used in 5G NR (e.g., in 5G NR positioning system 200) and / or in LTE. Similar to FIG. 4, time is represented horizontally (e.g., on an X axis) in FIG. 5, with time increasing from left to right. Frequency is represented vertically (e.g., on a Y axis) with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.
[0083] FIG. 5 shows how PRS positioning occasions 510-1, 510-2, and 510-3 (collectively and generically referred to herein as positioning occasions 510) are determined by a System Frame Number (SFN) , a cell-specific subframe offset (ΔPRS) 515, a length or span of LPRS subframes, and the PRS Periodicity (TPRS) 520. The cell-specific PRS subframe configuration may be defined by a “PRS Configuration Index, ” IPRS, included in assistance data (e.g., TDOA assistance data) , which may be defined by governing 3GPP standards. The cell-specific subframe offset (ΔPRS) 515 may be defined in terms of the number of subframes transmitted starting from System Frame Number (SFN) 0 to the start of the first (subsequent) PRS positioning occasion.
[0084] A PRS may be transmitted by wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 120) after appropriate configuration (e.g., by an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) server) . A PRS may be transmitted in special positioning subframes or slots that are grouped into positioning occasions 510. For example, a PRS positioning occasion 510-1 can comprise a number NPRS of consecutive positioning subframes where the number NPRS may be between 1 and 160 (e.g., may include the values 1, 2, 4 and 6 as well as other values) . PRS occasions 510 may be grouped into one or more PRS occasion groups. As noted, PRS positioning occasions 510 may occur periodically at intervals, denoted by a number TPRS, of millisecond (or subframe) intervals where TPRS may equal 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, or 1280 (or any other appropriate value) . In some embodiments, TPRS may be measured in terms of the number of subframes between the start of consecutive positioning occasions.
[0085] In some embodiments, when a UE 105 receives a PRS configuration index IPRS in the assistance data for a particular cell (e.g., base station) , the UE 105 may determine the PRS periodicity TPRS 520 and cell-specific subframe offset (ΔPRS) 515 using stored indexed data. The UE 105 may then determine the radio frame, subframe, and slot when a PRS is scheduled in the cell. The assistance data may be determined by, for example, a location server (e.g., location server 160 in FIG. 1 and / or LMF 220 in FIG. 2) , and includes assistance data for a reference cell, and a number of neighbor cells supported by various wireless nodes.
[0086] Typically, PRS occasions from all cells in a network that use the same frequency are aligned in time and may have a fixed known time offset (e.g., cell-specific subframe offset (ΔPRS) 515) relative to other cells in the network that use a different frequency. In SFN-synchronous networks all wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 120) may be aligned on both frame boundary and system frame number. Therefore, in SFN-synchronous networks all cells supported by the various wireless nodes may use the same PRS configuration index for any particular frequency of PRS transmission. On the other hand, in SFN-asynchronous networks, the various wireless nodes may be aligned on a frame boundary, but not system frame number. Thus, in SFN-asynchronous networks the PRS configuration index for each cell may be configured separately by the network so that PRS occasions align in time. A UE 105 may determine the timing of the PRS occasions 510 of the reference and neighbor cells for TDOA positioning, if the UE 105 can obtain the cell timing (e.g., SFN or Frame Number) of at least one of the cells, e.g., the reference cell or a serving cell. The timing of the other cells may then be derived by the UE 105 based, for example, on the assumption that PRS occasions from different cells overlap.
[0087] With reference to the frame structure in FIG. 4, a collection of REs that are used for transmission of PRS is referred to as a “PRS resource. ” The collection of resource elements can span multiple RBs in the frequency domain and one or more consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain, inside which pseudo-random Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequences are transmitted from an antenna port of a TRP. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupies consecutive RBs in the frequency domain. The transmission of a PRS resource within a given RB has a particular combination, or “comb, ” size. (Comb size also may be referred to as the “comb density. ” ) A comb size “N” represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / tone spacing) within each symbol of a PRS resource configuration, where the configuration uses every Nth subcarrier of certain symbols of an RB. For example, for comb-4, for each of the four symbols of the PRS resource configuration, REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (e.g., subcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit PRS of the PRS resource. Comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, and comb-12, for example, may be used in PRS. Examples of different comb sizes using with different numbers of symbols are provided in FIG. 6.
[0088] A “PRS resource set” comprises a group of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a particular TRP (identified by a cell ID) . A “PRS resource repetition” is a repetition of a PRS resource during a PRS occasion / instance. The number of repetitions of a PRS resource may be defined by a “repetition factor” for the PRS resource. In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set may have the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor across slots. The periodicity may have a length selected from 2m· {4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, with μ = 0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor may have a length selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} slots.
[0089] A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set may be associated with a single beam (and / or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP may transmit one or more beams) . That is, each PRS resource of a PRS resource set may be transmitted on a different beam, and as such, a PRS resource (or simply “resource” ) can also be referred to as a “beam. ” Note that this does not have any implications on whether the TRPs and the beams on which PRS are transmitted are known to the UE.
[0090] In the 5G NR positioning system 200 illustrated in FIG. 2, a TRP (gNB 210, ng-eNB 214, and / or WLAN 216) may transmit frames, or other physical layer signaling sequences, supporting PRS signals (i.e. a DL-PRS) according to frame configurations as previously described, which may be measured and used for position determination of the UE 105. As noted, other types of wireless network nodes, including other UEs, may also be configured to transmit PRS signals configured in a manner similar to (or the same as) that described above. Because transmission of a PRS by a wireless network node may be directed to all UEs within radio range, the wireless network node may be considered to transmit (or broadcast) a PRS.
[0091] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a hierarchical structure of how PRS resources and PRS resource sets may be used by different TRPs of a given position frequency layer (PFL) , as defined in 5G NR. With respect to a network (Uu) interface, a UE 105 can be configured with one or more DL-PRS resource sets from each of one or more TRPs. Each DL-PRS resource set includes K ≥ 1 DL-PRS resource (s) , which, as previously noted, may correspond to a Tx beam of the TRP. A DL-PRS PFL is defined as a collection of DL-PRS resource sets which have the same subcarrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) type, the same value of DL-PRS bandwidth, the same center frequency, and the same value of comb size. In current iterations of the NR standard, a UE 105 can be configured with up to four DL-PRS PFLs.
[0092] NR has multiple frequency bands across different frequency ranges (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) ) . PFLs may be on the same band or different bands. In some embodiments, they may even be in different frequency ranges. Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 8, multiple TRPs (e.g., TRP1 and TR2) may be on the same PFL. Currently under NR, each TRP can have up to two PRS resource sets, each with one or more PRS resources, as previously described.
[0093] Different PRS resource sets may have different periodicity. For example, one PRS resource set may be used for tracking, and another PRS resource that could be used for acquisition. Additionally or alternatively, one PRS resource set may have more beams, and another may have fewer beams. Accordingly, different resource sets may be used by a wireless network for different purposes.
[0094] The NR standard supports preemption of urgent DL data of one UE over another UE. After receiving the preemption indication, the preempted UE is to flush the received signal at the overlapped radio resource. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example preemption case in accordance with the NR standard. As illustrated, during block 802, Device B is not preempting Device A, and Device B and Device A are receiving ongoing and / or pre-scheduled communication and / or sensing signals. During block 804, Device B preempts Device A (e.g., due to an urgent sensing task and / or an urgent communication task) . Note the overlapping signal at 806. According to the NR standard, upon receiving the preemption indicator, Device A will flush the portion of the slot corresponding to overlapping portion 806.
[0095] Disclosed herein are techniques that allow the radio resource of an originally assigned communication or sensing signal to be preempted without necessitating the preempted UE to flush the received signal at the overlapped radio resource. The techniques disclosed herein may be utilized in conjunction with use cases in which a single UE performs sensing and communication, and in cases in which two different UEs perform sensing and communication respectively, as shown in and described below in connection with the information flow diagrams of FIGS. 9-12.
[0096] FIG. 9 is an information flow diagram of an example method for utilizing a preemption signal to indicate preemption of a communication signal by a sensing signal. The method shown in FIG. 9 is performed using a single UE that performs sensing and communication and a base station (e.g., a gNB) . Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 9 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE 900 and / or a base station 901. Example components of a UE are shown in FIG. 15, and example components of a base station are shown in FIG. 16, which are described below in more detail.
[0097] At block 902, UE 900 can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Means for performing the functionality at block 902 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15. In particular, UE 900 may transmit a capability report to base station 901 indicating the ability of UE 900 to handle overlapping signals, where overlapping generally refers to sensing signals and communication signals fully using the same time-frequency resource.
[0098] At block 904, base station 901 can receive the UE capability information. Means for performing the functionality at block 904 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In some implementations, base station 901 may store the UE capability information, e.g., in memory 1660 of base station 901.
[0099] At block 906, base station 901 can transmit ongoing communication signals to UE 900. Means for performing the functionality at block 904 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The ongoing communication signals may be pre-scheduled communication signals.
[0100] At block 908, UE 900 can receive the ongoing communication signals. Means for performing the functionality at block 908 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0101] Note that blocks 906 and 908 may repeat any suitable number of times until, at block 910, an urgent sensing task is identified by base station 901. Means for performing the functionality at 910 may comprise processor 1610, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In one example, an urgent sensing task may include a task such as sensing a high-speed target object (e.g., a vehicle, or the like) . The urgent sensing task may involve transmission of sensing signals at partial or full radio resource of symbols / slots pre-scheduled for communication signals. The urgent sensing task may be received from an SnMF. Base station 901 may determine that there are no spare radio resources to transmit the sensing signal to handle the urgent sensing task. Accordingly, base station 901 may determine that ongoing communication signals are to be preempted to handle the urgent sensing task.
[0102] At 912, base station 901 can transmit a preemption indication signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 912 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The preemption indication signal may be a message that includes various information, such as the radio resource of preemption (e.g., the time-frequency position, periodicity, etc. ) , a preemption type (e.g., indicating that a sensing signal is preempting a communication signal) , an overlapping mode (e.g., which indicates whether the preempted signal is not transmitted, or whether it is transmitted at full or partial power) , and / or an updated time occasion of communication decoding report (which may be provided based on the capability report received from the UE) . Note that the overlapping mode indicated in the preemption indication signal may be based on the capability information received from UE 900. For example, an indication that the overlapping mode is being used may be included in the preemption indication signal responsive to UE 900 indicating the capability of handling overlapping communication and sensing signals. Additionally, in instances in which the overlapping mode is used, a power control parameter may additionally be included in the preemption indication message, which may indicate the ratio (e.g., 1: 4, 1: 2, 3: 4, 1: 1, etc. ) of the actual transmission power relative to the originally configured transmission power at overlapped time-frequency resources. It should be noted that in instances in which UE 900 indicates the ability to handle overlapping communication and sensing signals, base station 901 may preferentially utilize the overlapping mode, which may be indicated in the preemption indication signal as described above.
[0103] In some implementations, the preemption indication signal may be sent as a downlink control information (DCI) message in the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) to UE 900. The DCI may be sent before, at the same time as, or after the communication resource being preempted so that UE 900 can perform corresponding sensing signal reception and communication signal handling. The DCI may contain the fields of preemption type and overlapping mode, which may each be assigned one bit. The DCI may additionally include the preemption resource position. In instances in which the overlapping mode is “overlapping, ” the DCI may additionally contain the power control coefficient. The power control coefficient may be indicated in two bits, e.g., to indicate the power control ratio.
[0104] At block 914, UE 900 can receive the preemption indication signal from base station 901. Means for performing the functionality at block 914 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0105] At block 916, base station 901 can transmit the sensing signal based on the urgent sensing task and according to the UE capability information. Means for performing the functionality at block 916 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16 For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted in overlapping or non-overlapping mode according to UE capability. As another example, the signal may be transmitted using the power control coefficient indicated in the preemption signal.
[0106] At block 918, UE 900 can receive the sensing signal. At 920, UE 900 can handle the preempted communication signal. Means for performing the functionality at blocks 918 and / or 920 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0107] In instances in which overlapping mode is used, the UE may receive the sensing signal and the communication signal which are overlapping. In some cases, UE 900 may first process the sensing signal, and may then decode the communication data by subtracting the interference from the sensing signal. Conversely, in some cases, UE 900 may first decode the communication data, and may then process the sensing signal by subtracting the interference from the communication signal to the sensing signal. Whether UE 900 processes the sensing signal first or the communication signal first may be dependent on which will yield better performance (e.g., based on the amount of interference) .
[0108] In instances in which non-overlapping mode is used, UE 900 can determine whether the preemption caused a decoding failure. If it is determined that the preemption caused a decoding failure, UE 900 can apply hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission and / or higher-layer retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission) .
[0109] FIG. 10 is an information flow diagram of an example method for utilizing a preemption signal to indicate preemption of a sensing signal by a communication signal. The method shown in FIG. 10 is performed using a single UE that performs sensing and communication and a base station (e.g., a gNB) . Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 10 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE 1000 and / or a base station 1001. Example components of a UE are shown in FIG. 15, and example components of a base station are shown in FIG. 16, which are described below in more detail.
[0110] At block 1002, UE 1000 can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Means for performing the functionality at block 1002 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15. In particular, UE 1000 may transmit a capability report to base station 1001 indicating the ability of UE 1000 to handle overlapping signals, where overlapping generally refers to sensing signals and communication signals fully using the same time-frequency resource.
[0111] At block 1004, base station 1001 can receive the UE capability information. Means for performing the functionality at block 1004 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In some implementations, base station 1001 may store the UE capability information, e.g., in memory 1660 of base station 1001.
[0112] At block 1006, base station 1001 can transmit ongoing sensing signals to UE 1000. Means for performing the functionality at block 1004 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The ongoing sensing signals may be pre-scheduled sensing signals.
[0113] At block 1008, UE 1000 can receive the ongoing sensing signals. Means for performing the functionality at block 1008 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0114] Note that blocks 1006 and 1008 may repeat any suitable number of times until, at block 1010, an urgent communication task is identified by base station 1001. Means for performing the functionality at 1010 may comprise processor 1610, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In one example, an urgent communication task may include a task such as sensing a high-speed target object (e.g., a vehicle, or the like) . The urgent communication task may involve transmitting an urgent data or signaling message. Base station 1001 may determine that there are no spare radio resources to transmit the communication signal to handle the urgent communication task. Accordingly, base station 1001 may determine that ongoing sensing signals are to be preempted to handle the urgent communication task.
[0115] At 1012, base station 1001 can transmit a preemption indication signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 1012 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16.
[0116] The preemption indication signal may be a message that includes various information, such as the radio resource of preemption (e.g., the time-frequency position, periodicity, etc. ) , a preemption type (e.g., indicating that a communication signal is preempting a sensing signal) , an overlapping mode (e.g., which indicates whether the preempted signal is not transmitted in an overlapping manner with the preempting signal, or whether it is transmitted at full or partial power) , and / or an updated time occasion of sensing result report (which may be provided based on the capability report received from the UE) . Note that the overlapping mode indicated in the preemption indication signal may be based on the capability information received from UE 1000. For example, an indication that the overlapping mode is being used may be included in the preemption indication signal responsive to UE 1000 indicating the capability of handling overlapping communication and sensing signals. In instances in which the overlapping mode is used, the transmission power may be reduced, and the degree of power reduction may be included in the preemption indication signal. It should be noted that in instances in which UE 1000 indicates the ability to handle overlapping communication and sensing signals, base station 1001 may preferentially utilize the overlapping mode, which may be indicated in the preemption indication signal as described above.
[0117] In some implementations, the preemption indication signal may be sent as a DCI in the PDCCH to UE 1000. The DCI may be sent before, at the same time as, or after the sensing resource being preempted so that UE 1000 can perform corresponding sensing signal reception and communication signal handling. The DCI may contain the fields of preemption type and overlapping mode, which may each be assigned one bit. The DCI may additionally include the preemption resource position. In instances in which the overlapping mode is “overlapping, ” the DCI may additionally contain the power reduction coefficient. The power reduction coefficient may be indicated in, e.g., two bits.
[0118] At block 1014, UE 1000 can receive the preemption indication signal from base station 1001. Means for performing the functionality at block 1014 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0119] At block 1016, base station 1001 can transmit the communication signal based on the urgent communication task and according to the UE capability information. Means for performing the functionality at block 1016 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16 For example, the communication signal may be transmitted in overlapping or non-overlapping mode according to UE capability.
[0120] At block 1018, UE 900 can receive the communication signal. At 1020, UE 1000 can handle the preempted sensing signal. Means for performing the functionality at blocks 1018 and / or 1020 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0121] In instances in which overlapping mode is used, similar to what is described above in connection with FIG. 9, the UE may receive the sensing signal and the communication signal which are overlapping. In some cases, UE 1000 may first process the sensing signal, and may then decode the communication data by subtracting the interference from the sensing signal. Conversely, in some cases, UE 1000 may first decode the communication data, and may then process the sensing signal by subtracting the interference from the communication signal to the sensing signal. Whether UE 1000 processes the sensing signal first or the communication signal first may be dependent on which will yield better performance (e.g., based on the amount of interference) .
[0122] In instances in which non-overlapping mode is used, UE 1000 can determine whether the preemption caused a sensing failure. If UE 1000 determines that preemption caused a sensing failure, UE 1000 can report the sensing failure, e.g., to base station 1001.
[0123] FIG. 11 is an information flow diagram of an example method for utilizing a preemption signal to indicate preemption of a communication signal by a sensing signal. The method shown in FIG. 11 is performed using a sensing UE, a communication UE, and a base station (e.g., a gNB) . Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 9 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE 1100a and / or 1100b and / or a base station 1101. Example components of a UE are shown in FIG. 15, and example components of a base station are shown in FIG. 16, which are described below in more detail.
[0124] At block 1102, sensing UE 1100a can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Similarly, at block 1103, communication UE 1100b can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Means for performing the functionality at block 1102 and / or 1103 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15. In particular, sensing UE 1100a and communication UE 1100b may each transmit a capability report to base station 1101 indicating the ability of the UE to handle overlapping signals, where overlapping generally refers to sensing signals and communication signals fully using the same time-frequency resource.
[0125] At block 1104, base station 1101 can receive the UE capability information from each of sensing UE 1100a and communication UE 1100b. Means for performing the functionality at block 1104 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In some implementations, base station 1101 may store the UE capability information, e.g., in memory 1660 of base station 1101.
[0126] At block 1106, base station 1101 can transmit ongoing communication signals to communication UE 1100b. Means for performing the functionality at block 1104 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The ongoing communication signals may be pre-scheduled communication signals.
[0127] At block 1108, communication UE 1100b can receive the ongoing communication signals. Means for performing the functionality at block 1108 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0128] Note that blocks 1106 and 1108 may repeat any suitable number of times until, at block 1110, an urgent sensing task is identified by base station 1101. Means for performing the functionality at 1110 may comprise processor 1610, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In one example, an urgent sensing task may include a task such as sensing a high-speed target object (e.g., a vehicle, or the like) . The urgent sensing task may involve transmission of sensing signals at partial or full radio resource of symbols / slots pre-scheduled for communication signals. The urgent sensing task may be received from an SnMF. Base station 1101 may determine that there are no spare radio resources to transmit the sensing signal to handle the urgent sensing task. Accordingly, base station 1101 may determine that ongoing communication signals are to be preempted to handle the urgent sensing task.
[0129] At 1112, base station 1101 can transmit a preemption indication signal to communication UE 1100b indicating that the ongoing communication signals are to be preempted. Means for performing the functionality at block 1112 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16.
[0130] The preemption indication signal may be a message that includes various information, such as the radio resource of preemption (e.g., the time-frequency position, periodicity, etc. ) , a preemption type (e.g., indicating that a sensing signal is preempting a communication signal) , an overlapping mode (e.g., which indicates whether the preempted signal is not transmitted, or whether it is transmitted at full or partial power) , and / or an updated time occasion of communication decoding report (which may be provided based on the capability report received from the UE) . Note that the overlapping mode indicated in the preemption indication signal may be based on the capability information received from UE 1100b. For example, an indication that the overlapping mode is being used may be included in the preemption indication signal responsive to the UE indicating the capability of handling overlapping communication and sensing signals. Additionally, in instances in which the overlapping mode is used, a power control parameter may additionally be included in the preemption indication message, which may indicate the ratio (e.g., 1: 4, 1: 2, 3: 4, 1: 1, etc. ) of the actual transmission power relative to the originally configured transmission power at overlapped time-frequency resources. It should be noted that in instances in which communication UE 1100b indicates the ability to handle overlapping communication and sensing signals, base station 1101 may preferentially utilize the overlapping mode, which may be indicated in the preemption indication signal as described above.
[0131] In some implementations, the preemption indication signal may be sent as a DCI in the PDCCH to communication UE 1100b. The DCI may be sent before, at the same time as, or after the communication resource being preempted so that communication UE 1100b can perform corresponding sensing signal reception and communication signal handling. The DCI may contain the fields of preemption type and overlapping mode, which may each be assigned one bit. The DCI may additionally include the preemption resource position. In instances in which the overlapping mode is “overlapping, ” the DCI may additionally contain the power control coefficient. The power control coefficient may be indicated in two bits, e.g., to indicate the power control ratio. Note that the preemption indication signal may additionally include sensing signal information to decrease the payload of the DCI. The sensing signal information may be preconfigured via RRC signaling such that the DCI contains only the indicator (e.g., index) of the preconfigured sensing signal resource. For example, the index may be conveyed by log2 (N) bits, where N is the number of preconfigured sensing signal resources.
[0132] At block 1114, communication UE 1100b can receive the preemption indication signal from base station 1101. Means for performing the functionality at block 914 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15. In some implementations, UE 1100b can extract information from the preemption indication signal, such as the preemption type, overlapping mode, sensing signal parameters, etc.
[0133] At block 1116, base station 1101 can transmit the sensing signal based on the urgent sensing task and according to the UE capability information to sensing UE 1100a. Means for performing the functionality at block 1116 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16 For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted in overlapping or non-overlapping mode according to UE capability.
[0134] At block 1118, sensing UE 1100a can receive the sensing signal. Means for performing the functionality at blocks 1118 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0135] At 1120, communication UE 1100b can handle the preempted communication signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 920 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0136] In instances in which overlapping mode is used, the communication UE may obtain the sensing signal parameters from the preemption indication. The communication UE can then decode the communication data by mitigating interference from the sensing signal (e.g., by subtracting the interface from the sensing signal to the communication signal) .
[0137] In instances in which non-overlapping mode is used, UE 1100b can determine whether the preemption caused a decoding failure. If it is determined that the preemption caused a decoding failure, UE 1100b can apply hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission and / or higher-layer retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission) .
[0138] FIG. 12 is an information flow diagram of an example method for utilizing a preemption signal to indicate preemption of a sensing signal by a communication signal. The method shown in FIG. 12 is performed using a sensing UE, a communication UE, and a base station (e.g., a gNB) . Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 12 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a sensing UE 1200a, a communication UE 1200B, and / or a base station 1201. Example components of a UE are shown in FIG. 15, and example components of a base station are shown in FIG. 16, which are described below in more detail.
[0139] At block 1202, sensing UE 1200a can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Similarly, at block 1203, communication UE 1200b can transmit capability regarding communication and sensing overlapping. Means for performing the functionality at block 1202 and / or 1203 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15. In particular, sensing UE 1200a and communication UE 1200b may each transmit a capability report to base station 1201 indicating the ability of the UE to handle overlapping signals, where overlapping generally refers to sensing signals and communication signals fully using the same time-frequency resource.
[0140] At block 1204, base station 1201 can receive the UE capability information from each of sensing UE 1200a and communication UE 1200b. Means for performing the functionality at block 1204 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In some implementations, base station 1201 may store the UE capability information, e.g., in memory 1660 of base station 1201.
[0141] At block 1206, base station 1201 can transmit ongoing sensing signals to sensing UE 1200a. Means for performing the functionality at block 1204 may comprise processor 1610, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The ongoing sensing signals may be pre-scheduled sensing signals.
[0142] At block 1208, sensing UE 1200a can receive the ongoing sensing signals. Means for performing the functionality at block 1208 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0143] Note that blocks 1206 and 1208 may repeat any suitable number of times until, at block 1210, an urgent communication task is identified by base station 1201. Means for performing the functionality at 1210 may comprise processor 1610, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In one example, an urgent communication task may include a task such as sensing a high-speed target object (e.g., a vehicle, or the like) . The urgent communication task may involve transmitting an urgent data or signaling message. Base station 1201 may determine that there are no spare radio resources to transmit the communication signal to handle the urgent communication task. Accordingly, base station 1201 may determine that ongoing sensing signals are to be preempted to handle the urgent communication task.
[0144] At 1212, base station 1201 can transmit a preemption indication signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 1212 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16.
[0145] The preemption indication signal may be a message that includes various information, such as the radio resource of preemption (e.g., the time-frequency position, periodicity, etc. ) , a preemption type (e.g., indicating that a communication signal is preempting a sensing signal) , an overlapping mode (e.g., which indicates whether the preempted signal is not transmitted in an overlapping manner with the preempting signal, or whether it is transmitted at full or partial power) , and / or an updated time occasion of sensing result report (which may be provided based on the capability report received from the UE) . Note that the overlapping mode indicated in the preemption indication signal may be based on the capability information received from the sensing UE 1200a. For example, an indication that the overlapping mode is being used may be included in the preemption indication signal. In instances in which the overlapping mode is used, the transmission power may be reduced, and the degree of power reduction may be included in the preemption indication signal. It should be noted that in instances in which the indicates the ability to handle overlapping communication and sensing signals, base station 1201 may preferentially utilize the overlapping mode, which may be indicated in the preemption indication signal as described above.
[0146] In some implementations, the preemption indication signal may be sent as a DCI in the PDCCH to sensing UE 1200a. The DCI may be sent before, at the same time as, or after the sensing resource being preempted so that sensing UE 1200a can perform corresponding sensing signal reception and communication signal handling. The DCI may contain the fields of preemption type and overlapping mode, which may each be assigned one bit. The DCI may additionally include the preemption resource position. In instances in which the overlapping mode is “overlapping, ” the DCI may additionally contain the power reduction coefficient. The power reduction coefficient may be indicated in, e.g., two bits.
[0147] At block 1214, sensing UE 1200a can receive the preemption indication signal from base station 1201. Means for performing the functionality at block 1214 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0148] At block 1216, base station 1201 can transmit the communication signal based on the urgent communication task to communication UE 1200b. Means for performing the functionality at block 1216 may comprise processor 1612, wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16
[0149] At block 1218, communication UE 1200b can receive the communication signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 1218 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0150] At 1220, sensing UE 1200a can handle the preempted sensing signal. Means for performing the functionality at block 1220 may comprise processor 1510, wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE as shown in FIG. 15.
[0151] In instances in which overlapping mode is used, sensing UE 400a may treat the data transmitted to communication UE 1200b as noise, and may accordingly “de-noise” the received preempted sensing signal. This is because the data to communication UE 400b (e.g., the preempting communication signal) cannot be derived by sensing UE 400a.
[0152] In instances in which non-overlapping mode is used, sensing UE 1200a can determine whether the preemption caused a sensing failure. If sensing UE 1200a determines that preemption caused a sensing failure, sensing UE 1200a can report the sensing failure, e.g., to base station 1201.
[0153] As described above in connection with FIGS. 9-12, a preemption indication message may be transmitted as DCI to indicate preemption of an ongoing / scheduled signal (whether communication or sensing) . Note that, as discussed above, the NR standard includes a legacy preemption indication DCI, which only contains information on preemption resource position (which necessitates flushing of overlapping slots) . Accordingly, to ensure compatibility with legacy UEs, the preemption indication message as described herein, which includes preemption type, overlapping mode, sensing signal information (in instances in which a communication signal preempts a sensing signal) , and power control coefficient (s) , may be made compatible with the legacy preemption indication DCI. For example, in an instance in which the legacy DCI has sufficient spare bits, the preemption indication parameters discussed herein (e.g., preemption type, overlapping mode, sensing signal information, and / or power control coefficient) may be added as new fields to the legacy DCI. Alternatively, if the legacy DCI does not have sufficient spare bits, a base station (e.g., a gNB) that is transmitting the preemption indication message may configure two DCIs. Continuing with this example, the first DCI may be the legacy DCI that indicates the preemption resource position, and the second DCI may be a new DCI that includes the preemption indication parameters discussed herein.
[0154] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of a method 1300 for receiving a preemption indication signal and handling preempted signals, according to an embodiment. Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 13 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a UE. Example components of a UE are illustrated in FIG. 15 which is described in more detail below.
[0155] At block 1310, the functionality comprises transmitting, to a base station, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap. Means for performing functionality at block 1310 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE, as shown in FIG. 15. In some implementations, the capability indication may be transmitted as a message using RRC signaling. The capability indication may be transmitted by a single UE that performs both sensing and communication, as shown in and described above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10. Alternatively, the capability information may be transmitted separately by a sensing UE and a communication UE, as shown in and described above in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12.
[0156] At block 1320, the functionality comprises receiving ongoing signals, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals. Means for performing functionality at block 1320 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE, as shown in FIG. 15. In some implementations, the ongoing signals may be ongoing communication signals, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11. Alternatively, the ongoing signals may be ongoing sensing signals, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12.
[0157] At 1330, the functionality comprises receiving a preemption indication from the base station. Means for performing the functionality at block 1330 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE, as shown in FIG. 15. The preemption indication may be received as a DCI from the base station. As described above in connection with FIGS. 9-12, the preemption indication may include parameters such as preemption type (whether a communication signal is preempting a sensing signal or vice versa) , an overlapping mode (whether communication and sensing signals are overlapping or non-overlapping, sensing signal information (e.g., in an instance in which a communication signal is preempting a sensing signal) , and / or power control coefficient information. Note that in instances in which the UE is an ISAC UE that performs both communication and sensing, the single UE receives the preemption indication signal. Alternatively, in instances in which the communication UE and the sensing UE differ, the preemption indication signal is received by the UE that is being preempted (e.g., the UE for which ongoing signals are being preempted) .
[0158] At block 1340, the functionality comprises handling preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication. Means for performing the functionality at block 1340 may comprise a processor 1510, a wireless communication interface 1530, and / or any other components of a UE, as shown in FIG. 15. In instances in which the UE is an ISAC UE that performs both communication and sensing, the single UE may process either the sensing signal first then the communication signal by subtracting interference from the sensing signal to the communication signal, or, alternatively, by first decoding the communication data and then processing the sensing signal by subtracting interference from the communication signal to the sensing signal (as shown in and described above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10) . In instances in which separate communication and sensing UEs are used, in an example in which the sensing signal preempts the communication signal (as in FIG. 11) , the communication UE may utilize sensing signal parameters to mitigate the interference from the sensing signal to decode communication data. Alternatively, in an example in which the communication signal preempts the sensing signal (as in FIG. 12) , the sensing UE may treat the communication data as noise in processing the sensing signal.
[0159] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a method 1400 for preempting a scheduled signal based on an urgent task. Means for performing the functionality illustrated in one or more of the blocks shown in FIG. 14 may be performed by hardware and / or software components of a base station. Example components of a base station are illustrated in FIG. 16 which is described in more detail below.
[0160] At block 1410, the functionality comprises receiving, from a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap by the UE. Means for performing the functionality of block 1410 may comprise a processor 1610, a wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. Note that the base station may receive capability reports from multiple UEs, e.g., from a sensing UE and a communication UE, as shown in and described above in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12.
[0161] At block 1420, the functionality comprises transmitting ongoing signals. Means for performing the functionality of block 1420 may comprise a processor 1610, a wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The ongoing signals may be ongoing sensing signals and / or ongoing communication signals. Examples of transmission of ongoing signals are shown in and described above in connection with FIGS. 9-12.
[0162] At block 1430, the functionality comprises detecting an urgent task. Means for performing the functionality of block 1430 may comprise a processor 1610, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The urgent task may be an urgent sensing task (e.g., as described above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 11) , or an urgent communication task (e.g., as described above in connection with FIGS. 10 and 12) .
[0163] At block 1440, the functionality comprises in response to detecting the urgent task, transmitting a preemption indication. Means for performing the functionality of block 1440 may comprise a process 1610, a wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The preemption indication may be transmitted as a DCI, as described above in connection with FIGS. 9-12. The preemption indication may be transmitted to an ISAC UE that performs both sensing and communication (e.g., as described above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10) . The preemption indication may be transmitted to a communication UE in the case of an urgent sensing task being identified (e.g., as shown in and described above in connection with FIG. 11) , or the preemption indication may be transmitted to a sensing UE in the case of an urgent communication task being identified (e.g., as shown in and described above in connection with FIG. 12) . As described above in connection with FIGS. 9-12, the preemption indication may indicate the preemption type (e.g., whether a sensing signal is preempting ongoing communication signals or vice versa) , the overlapping mode, power control coefficients, and optionally signal sensing parameters.
[0164] At block 1450, the functionality comprises transmitting signals according to the urgent task. Means for performing the functionality of block 1450 may comprise a process 1610, a wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. In the case of the urgent task being an urgent sensing task, sensing signals may be transmitted (e.g., to an ISAC UE as shown in FIG. 9, or to a sensing UE as shown in FIG. 11) . In the case of the urgent task being an urgent communication task, communication signals may be transmitted (e.g., to an ISAC UE, as shown in FIG. 10, or to a communication UE, as shown in FIG. 12) .
[0165] At block 1460, the functionality comprises transmitting preempted signals. Means for performing the functionality of block 1460 may comprise a process 1610, a wireless communication interface 1630, and / or any other components of a base station as shown in FIG. 16. The preempted signals may be preempted sensing signals (in the case of an urgent communication task) , or communication signals (in the case of an urgent sensing task) .
[0166] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a UE 105, which can be utilized as described herein above (e.g., in association with FIGS. 9-12, and / or 13. For example, the UE 105 can perform one or more of the functions of the method shown in FIGS. 9-12 and / or 13. It should be noted that FIG. 15 is meant only to provide a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. It can be noted that, in some instances, components illustrated by FIG. 15 can be localized to a single physical device and / or distributed among various networked devices, which may be disposed at different physical locations. Furthermore, as previously noted, the functionality of the UE discussed in the previously described embodiments may be executed by one or more of the hardware and / or software components illustrated in FIG. 15.
[0167] The UE 105 is shown comprising hardware elements that can be electrically coupled via a bus 1505 (or may otherwise be in communication, as appropriate) . The hardware elements may include a processor (s) 1510 which can include without limitation one or more general-purpose processors (e.g., an application processor) , one or more special-purpose processors (such as digital signal processor (DSP) chips, graphics acceleration processors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , and / or the like) , and / or other processing structures or means. Processor (s) 1510 may comprise one or more processing units, which may be housed in a single integrated circuit (IC) or multiple ICs. As shown in FIG. 15, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 1520, depending on desired functionality. Location determination and / or other determinations based on wireless communication may be provided in the processor (s) 1510 and / or wireless communication interface 1530 (discussed below) . The UE 105 also can include one or more input devices 1570, which can include without limitation one or more keyboards, touch screens, touch pads, microphones, buttons, dials, switches, and / or the like; and one or more output devices 1515, which can include without limitation one or more displays (e.g., touch screens) , light emitting diodes (LEDs) , speakers, and / or the like.
[0168] The UE 105 may also include a wireless communication interface 1530, which may comprise without limitation a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device, and / or a chipset (such as a device, an IEEE 802.15 device, an IEEE 802.15.4 device, a Wi-Fi device, a WiMAX device, a WAN device, and / or various cellular devices, etc. ) , and / or the like, which may enable the UE 105 to communicate with other devices as described in the embodiments above. The wireless communication interface 1530 may permit data and signaling to be communicated (e.g., transmitted and received) with TRPs of a network, for example, via eNBs, gNBs, ng-eNBs, access points, various base stations and / or other access node types, and / or other network components, computer systems, and / or any other electronic devices communicatively coupled with TRPs, as described herein. The communication can be carried out via one or more wireless communication antenna (s) 1532 that send and / or receive wireless signals 1534. According to some embodiments, the wireless communication antenna (s) 1532 may comprise a plurality of discrete antennas, antenna arrays, or any combination thereof. The antenna (s) 1532 may be capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals using beams (e.g., Tx beams and Rx beams) . Beam formation may be performed using digital and / or analog beam formation techniques, with respective digital and / or analog circuitry. The wireless communication interface 1530 may include such circuitry.
[0169] Depending on desired functionality, the wireless communication interface 1530 may comprise a separate receiver and transmitter, or any combination of transceivers, transmitters, and / or receivers to communicate with base stations (e.g., ng-eNBs and gNBs) and other terrestrial transceivers, such as wireless devices and access points. The UE 105 may communicate with different data networks that may comprise various network types. For example, a WWAN may be a CDMA network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, a WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network, and so on. A CDMA network may implement one or more RATs such as WCDMA, and so on. includes IS-95, IS-2000 and / or IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement GSM, Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS) , or some other RAT. An OFDMA network may employ LTE, LTE Advanced, 5G NR, and so on. 5G NR, LTE, LTE Advanced, GSM, and WCDMA are described in documents from 3GPP. is described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) . 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available. A wireless local area network (WLAN) may also be an IEEE 802.15x network, and a wireless personal area network (WPAN) may be a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, or some other type of network. The techniques described herein may also be used for any combination of WWAN, WLAN and / or WPAN.
[0170] The UE 105 can further include sensor (s) 1540. Sensor (s) 1540 may comprise, without limitation, one or more inertial sensors and / or other sensors (e.g., accelerometer (s) , gyroscope (s) , camera (s) , magnetometer (s) , altimeter (s) , microphone (s) , proximity sensor (s) , light sensor (s) (e.g., lidar) , infrared sensor (s) , RF sensor (s) (e.g., radar) , barometer (s) , and the like) , some of which may be used to obtain position-related measurements and / or other information. In some configurations, the sensor (s) 1540 may not be co-located with the UE 105, e.g., communicatively coupled (wired or wirelessly) but not disposed at the UE 105.
[0171] Embodiments of the UE 105 may also include a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver 1580 capable of receiving signals 1584 from one or more GNSS satellites using an antenna 1582 (which could be the same as antenna 1532) . Positioning based on GNSS signal measurement can be utilized to complement and / or incorporate the techniques described herein. The GNSS receiver 1580 can extract a position of the UE 105, using conventional techniques, from GNSS satellites of a GNSS system, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) , Galileo, GLONASS, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) over Japan, IRNSS over India, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) over China, and / or the like. Moreover, the GNSS receiver 1580 can be used with various augmentation systems (e.g., a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) ) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems, such as, e.g., Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) , European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) , Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS) , and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN) , and / or the like.
[0172] It can be noted that, although GNSS receiver 1580 is illustrated in FIG. 15 as a distinct component, embodiments are not so limited. As used herein, the term “GNSS receiver” may comprise hardware and / or software components configured to obtain GNSS measurements (measurements from GNSS satellites) . In some embodiments, therefore, the GNSS receiver may comprise a measurement engine executed (as software) by one or more processors, such as processor (s) 1510, DSP 1520, and / or a processor within the wireless communication interface 1530 (e.g., in a modem) . A GNSS receiver may optionally also include a positioning engine, which can use GNSS measurements from the measurement engine to determine a position of the GNSS receiver using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) , Weighted Least Squares (WLS) , particle filter, or the like. The positioning engine may also be executed by one or more processors, such as processor (s) 1510 or DSP 1520.
[0173] The UE 105 may further include and / or be in communication with a memory 1560. The memory 1560 can include, without limitation, local and / or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device, such as a random access memory (RAM) , and / or a read-only memory (ROM) , which can be programmable, flash-updateable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data stores, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and / or the like.
[0174] The memory 1560 of the UE 105 also can comprise software elements (not shown in FIG. 15) , including an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may comprise computer programs provided by various embodiments, and / or may be designed to implement methods, and / or configure systems, provided by other embodiments, as described herein. Merely by way of example, one or more procedures described with respect to the method (s) discussed above may be implemented as code and / or instructions in memory 1560 that are executable by the UE 105 (and / or processor (s) 1510 or DSP 1520 within UE 105) . In some embodiments, then, such code and / or instructions can be used to configure and / or adapt a general-purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations in accordance with the described methods.
[0175] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a base station 120, which can be utilized as described herein above (e.g., in association with FIGS. 9-16 and 14. It should be noted that FIG. 16 is meant only to provide a generalized illustration of various components, any or all of which may be utilized as appropriate. In some embodiments, the base station 120 may correspond to a gNB, an ng-eNB, and / or (more generally) a TRP.
[0176] The base station 120 is shown comprising hardware elements that can be electrically coupled via a bus 1605 (or may otherwise be in communication, as appropriate) . The hardware elements may include a processor (s) 1610 which can include without limitation one or more general-purpose processors, one or more special-purpose processors (such as DSP chips, graphics acceleration processors, ASICs, and / or the like) , and / or other processing structure or means. As shown in FIG. 16, some embodiments may have a separate DSP 1620, depending on desired functionality. Location determination and / or other determinations based on wireless communication may be provided in the processor (s) 1610 and / or wireless communication interface 1630 (discussed below) , according to some embodiments. The base station 120 also can include one or more input devices, which can include without limitation a keyboard, display, mouse, microphone, button (s) , dial (s) , switch (es) , and / or the like; and one or more output devices, which can include without limitation a display, light emitting diode (LED) , speakers, and / or the like.
[0177] The base station 120 might also include a wireless communication interface 1630, which may comprise without limitation a modem, a network card, an infrared communication device, a wireless communication device, and / or a chipset (such as a device, an IEEE 802.11 device, an IEEE 802.15.4 device, a Wi-Fi device, a WiMAX device, cellular communication facilities, etc. ) , and / or the like, which may enable the base station 120 to communicate as described herein. The wireless communication interface 1630 may permit data and signaling to be communicated (e.g., transmitted and received) to UEs, other base stations / TRPs (e.g., eNBs, gNBs, and ng-eNBs) , and / or other network components, computer systems, and / or any other electronic devices described herein. The communication can be carried out via one or more wireless communication antenna (s) 1632 that send and / or receive wireless signals 1634.
[0178] The base station 120 may also include a network interface 1680, which can include support of wireline communication technologies. The network interface 1680 may include a modem, network card, chipset, and / or the like. The network interface 1680 may include one or more input and / or output communication interfaces to permit data to be exchanged with a network, communication network servers, computer systems, and / or any other electronic devices described herein.
[0179] In many embodiments, the base station 120 may further comprise a memory 1660. The memory 1660 can include, without limitation, local and / or network accessible storage, a disk drive, a drive array, an optical storage device, a solid-state storage device, such as a RAM, and / or a ROM, which can be programmable, flash-updateable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any appropriate data stores, including without limitation, various file systems, database structures, and / or the like.
[0180] The memory 1660 of the base station 120 also may comprise software elements (not shown in FIG. 16) , including an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may comprise computer programs provided by various embodiments, and / or may be designed to implement methods, and / or configure systems, provided by other embodiments, as described herein. Merely by way of example, one or more procedures described with respect to the method (s) discussed above may be implemented as code and / or instructions in memory 1660 that are executable by the base station 120 (and / or processor (s) 1610 or DSP 1620 within base station 120) . In some embodiments, then, such code and / or instructions can be used to configure and / or adapt a general-purpose computer (or other device) to perform one or more operations in accordance with the described methods.
[0181] The base station 120 may also include one or more sensor (s) 1640. Sensor (s) 1140 may include, without limitation, one or more inertial sensors and / or other sensors (e.g., accelerometer (s) , gyroscope (s) , camera (s) , magnetometer (s) , altimeter (s) , microphone (s) , proximity sensor (s) , light sensor (s) (e.g., lidar) , infrared sensor (s) , RF sensor (s) (e.g., radar) , barometer (s) , and the like) , some of which may be used to obtain position-related measurements and / or other information. In some configurations, the sensor (s) 1640 may not be co-located with the base station 120, e.g., communicatively coupled (wired or wirelessly) but not disposed at the base station 120.
[0182] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that substantial variations may be made in accordance with specific requirements. For example, customized hardware might also be used and / or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets, etc. ) , or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input / output devices may be employed.
[0183] With reference to the appended figures, components that can include memory can include non-transitory machine-readable media. The term “machine-readable medium” and “computer-readable medium” as used herein, refer to any storage medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operate in a specific fashion. In embodiments provided hereinabove, various machine-readable media might be involved in providing instructions / code to processors and / or other device (s) for execution. Additionally or alternatively, the machine-readable media might be used to store and / or carry such instructions / code. In many implementations, a computer-readable medium is a physical and / or tangible storage medium. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media and volatile media. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, magnetic and / or optical media, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable PROM (EPROM) , a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, or any other medium from which a computer can read instructions and / or code.
[0184] The methods, systems, and devices discussed herein are examples. Various embodiments may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be combined in various other embodiments. Different aspects and elements of the embodiments may be combined in a similar manner. The various components of the figures provided herein can be embodied in hardware and / or software. Also, technology evolves and, thus many of the elements are examples that do not limit the scope of the disclosure to those specific examples.
[0185] It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, information, values, elements, symbols, characters, variables, terms, numbers, numerals, or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless specifically stated otherwise, as is apparent from the discussion above, it is appreciated that throughout this Specification discussion utilizing terms such as “processing, ” “computing, ” “calculating, ” “determining, ” “ascertaining, ” “identifying, ” “associating, ” “measuring, ” “performing, ” or the like refer to actions or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a special purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computing device. In the context of this Specification, therefore, a special purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical electronic, electrical, or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the special purpose computer or similar special purpose electronic computing device.
[0186] Terms, “and” and “or” as used herein, may include a variety of meanings that also is expected to depend, at least in part, upon the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B, or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B, or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular or may be used to describe some combination of features, structures, or characteristics. However, it should be noted that this is merely an illustrative example and claimed subject matter is not limited to this example. Furthermore, the term “at least one of” if used to associate a list, such as A, B, or C, can be interpreted to mean any combination of A, B, and / or C, such as A, AB, AA, AAB, AABBCCC, etc.
[0187] Having described several embodiments, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, the above elements may merely be a component of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of the various embodiments. Also, a number of steps may be undertaken before, during, or after the above elements are considered. Accordingly, the above description does not limit the scope of the disclosure.
[0188] In view of this description embodiments may include different combinations of features. Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: CLAUSE 1 A method of handling preempted signals, the method comprising: transmitting, to a base station by a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap; receiving ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals; receiving, from the base station, a preemption indication; and handling preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication. CLAUSE 2: The method of clause 1, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication transmitted to the base station by the UE. CLAUSE 3: The method of any one of clauses 1 or 2, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled communication signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that sensing signals are preempting the scheduled communication signals. CLAUSE 4: The method of any one of clauses 1-3, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled sensing signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that communication signals are preempting the scheduled sensing signals. CLAUSE 5: The method of any one of clauses 1-4, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message. CLAUSE 6: The method of any one of clauses 1-5, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof. CLAUSE 7: The method of clause 6, wherein the sensing signal information is used to handle preempted communication signals. CLAUSE 8: The method of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the UE is an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) UE. CLAUSE 9: A User Equipment (UE) , comprising: a transceiver; a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The one or more processors are configured to: transmit, to a base station, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap; receive ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals; receive, from the base station, a preemption indication; and handle preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication. CLAUSE 10: The UE of clause 9, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication transmitted to the base station by the UE. CLAUSE 11: The UE of any one of clauses 9 or 10, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled communication signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that sensing signals are preempting the scheduled communication signals. CLAUSE 12: The UE of any one of clauses 9-11, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled sensing signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that communication signals are preempting the scheduled sensing signals. CLAUSE 13: The UE of any one of clauses 9-12, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message. CLAUSE 14: The UE of any one of clauses 9-13, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof. CLAUSE 15: The UE of clause 14, wherein the sensing signal information is used to handle preempted communication signals. CLAUSE 16: The UE of any one of clauses 9-15, wherein the UE is an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) UE. CLAUSE 17: A device comprising: means for transmitting, to a base station by a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap; means for receiving ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals; means for receiving, from the base station, a preemption indication; and means for handling preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication. CLAUSE 18: The device of clause 17, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication transmitted to the base station by the UE. CLAUSE 19: The device of any one of clauses 17 or 18, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled communication signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that sensing signals are preempting the scheduled communication signals. CLAUSE 20: The device of any one of clauses 17-19, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled sensing signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that communication signals are preempting the scheduled sensing signals. CLAUSE 21: A method of handling preempted signals by a base station, the method comprising: receiving, from a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap by the UE; transmitting ongoing signals; detecting an urgent task; in response to detecting the urgent task, transmitting a pre-emption indication; transmitting signals according to the urgent task; and transmitting pre-empted signals. CLAUSE 22: A base station, comprising: a transceiver; a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The one or more processors are configured to: receive, from a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap by the UE; transmit ongoing signals; detect an urgent task; in response to detecting the urgent task, transmit a pre-emption indication; transmit signals according to the urgent task; and transmit pre-empted signals. CLAUSE 23: The base station of clause 22, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message. CLAUSE 24: The base station any one of clauses 22 or 23, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof. CLAUSE 25: The base station of any one of clauses 22-24, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication received from the UE.
Claims
1.A method of handling preempted signals, the method comprising:transmitting, to a base station by a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap;receiving ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals;receiving, from the base station, a preemption indication; andhandling preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication.2.The method of claim 1, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication transmitted to the base station by the UE.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled communication signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that sensing signals are preempting the scheduled communication signals.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled sensing signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that communication signals are preempting the scheduled sensing signals.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the sensing signal information is used to handle preempted communication signals.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) UE.9.A User Equipment (UE) , comprising:a transceiver;a memory; andone or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver,wherein the one or more processors are configured to:transmit, to a base station, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap;receive ongoing signals from the base station, the ongoing signals comprising one of scheduled sensing signals or scheduled communication signals;receive, from the base station, a preemption indication; andhandle preempted signals which preempt the ongoing signals based on the preemption indication.10.The UE of claim 9, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication transmitted to the base station by the UE.11.The UE of claim 9, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled communication signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that sensing signals are preempting the scheduled communication signals.12.The UE of claim 9, wherein the ongoing signals comprise the scheduled sensing signals, and wherein the preemption indication indicates that communication signals are preempting the scheduled sensing signals.13.The UE of claim 9, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message.14.The UE of claim 9, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof.15.The UE of claim 14, wherein the sensing signal information is used to handle preempted communication signals.16.The UE of claim 9, wherein the UE is an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) UE.17.A base station, comprising:a transceiver;a memory; andone or more processors coupled to the memory and the transceiver, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:receive, from a UE, a capability indication regarding handling communication-sensing overlap by the UE;transmit ongoing signals; detecting an urgent task;in response to detecting the urgent task, transmitting a pre-emption indication;transmit signals according to the urgent task; andtransmit pre-empted signals.18.The base station of claim 17, wherein the preemption indication comprises at least one downlink control information (DCI) message.19.The base station of claim 17, wherein the preemption indication comprises fields corresponding to a preemption type, an overlapping mode indicative of whether communication and sensing signals overlap, sensing signal information, a power control coefficient, or any combination thereof.20.The base station of claim 17, wherein content of the preemption indication is based on the capability indication received from the UE.