Monitoring arthropods

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to monitoring arthropods. The methods and devices disclosed herein relate to monitoring arthropods in an area.

Description

[0001] BYC250020 Foreign Countries

[0002] Monitoring arthropods

[0003] TECHNICAL AREA

[0004] The present revelation deals with the monitoring of arthropods.

[0005] The methods, devices and uses disclosed herein relate to the monitoring of arthropods in an area.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007] Approximately two-thirds of currently known animal species belong to the arthropods (phylum Arthropoda), 85% of which are insects. A significant proportion of arthropods are phytophagous: these animals feed on plants and can impair growth, cause damage through sucking and feeding, and transmit viral diseases. This can lead to, for example, substantial losses in yield and quality in crop cultivation.

[0008] In modern agriculture, the detection and identification of pests within agriculturally used areas plays an important role.

[0009] However, arthropods can also play a crucial role in supporting and improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. Many arthropods, especially bees and butterflies, are important pollinators for a wide variety of crops.

[0010] Some arthropods can naturally control the populations of harmful organisms. For example, ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps hunt aphids, caterpillars, and other pests that can damage crops. This biological control reduces the need for chemical pesticides, which can be harmful to the environment and human health.

[0011] Some arthropods, such as certain beetles and ants, contribute to soil health by breaking down organic matter, aerating the soil, and promoting nutrient cycling. Healthy soils are fundamental to productive agriculture, as they support plant growth and water regulation.

[0012] SUMMARY

[0013] A first subject of the present disclosure is a device comprising:

[0014] a collection area and

[0015] a detection unit for detecting arthropods in the collection area; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0016] Another subject of the present disclosure is a procedure encompassing

[0017] Positioning a detection unit to detect arthropods in an area; capturing signals from one or more arthropods in a collection area using the detection unit;

[0018] Detecting and / or identifying and / or counting the arthropods in the collection area and / or determining a biodiversity value based on the detected signals; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0019] Another subject of the present disclosure is a use of a device for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting arthropods and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting harmful organisms and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting beneficial organisms and / or for determining a biodiversity value, wherein the device

[0020] a collection area and

[0021] comprising a detection unit for detecting arthropods in the collection area; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0022] Further items can be found in the detailed description.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Fig. 1 shows, by way of example and schematic representation, an embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 2 shows, by way of example and schematic representation, another embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 3 shows, by way of example and schematic, a further embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig. 4 shows, by way of example and schematic, a further embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0028] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following section explains various embodiments in more detail, without distinguishing between the subject matter of the disclosure (method, device, use). On the contrary, the following explanations are intended to apply analogously to all aspects of the disclosure, regardless of the context in which they occur.

[0030] If the present description or the claims specify steps in a particular order, this does not necessarily mean that the disclosure is limited to the specified order. Rather, it is conceivable that the steps could also be carried out in a different order or in parallel to one another, unless one step builds upon another, which presupposes that the building step is subsequently carried out (which, however, is clear in any given case). The specified sequences are therefore exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] The subject matter of this disclosure is further explained in some places with reference to drawings. These drawings depict specific embodiments with specific features and combinations of features, primarily for illustrative purposes; this disclosure should not be understood as being limited to the features and combinations of features shown in the drawings. Furthermore, statements made in the description of the drawings with regard to features and combinations of features are intended to be generally applicable, that is, transferable to other embodiments and not limited to the embodiments shown.

[0032] As used herein, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to encompass one or more objects and are used interchangeably with "one or more" and "at least one." As used in the description and claims, the singular forms of "a," "an," "the," "the," and "the" encompass the plural form (i.e., multiple references) unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. When only one object is meant, the terms "only one," "exclusively one," "merely one," or similar expressions are used. Furthermore, the terms "has," "have," "have," or similar expressions, as used herein, are to be understood as open-ended terms. In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partly based on" unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0033] The terms used in this disclosure have the meanings that these terms have in the prior art, in particular in the prior art cited in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated.

[0034] One subject of the present disclosure is a device.

[0035] The device includes a detection unit for arthropods. Such a detection unit can determine the presence of arthropods in an area. The device may include multiple detection units.

[0036] Arthropods are a diverse group of invertebrates that form the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods are divided into several main groups (subphyla and classes), including insects and arachnids.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to insects and arachnids.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to insects.

[0039] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to adult insects.

[0040] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to insects in the form of caterpillars.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to flying insects. Flying insects are those that are capable of flight, and not necessarily insects that are flying at the time of their detection.

[0042] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to arachnids.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term arthropod refers exclusively to mites.

[0044] The detection unit is used to detect arthropods in a collection area. The collection area is an integral part of the device.

[0045] The collection area is a region that arthropods may visit. It is typically an area where arthropods must be located to be detected by the detection unit. The collection area can, for example, be or encompass the field of view of an optical camera at a focal distance from the camera. It is conceivable that one or more collection areas exist within the range of the detection unit. In the case of multiple collection areas, they may be oriented in different directions and / or intended for different arthropods.

[0046] The collection area can be or encompass a surface, which can be flat or curved. The collection area can be or encompass a volume.

[0047] The size of the collection area generally depends on the size of the arthropods present in the area, whose presence is to be detected by the detection unit. The collection area is typically larger than the arthropods, for example, more than ten, more than twenty, or more than one hundred times larger.

[0048] The size of the collection area typically depends on the range of the detection unit. For example, if the detection unit is an optical camera, the size of the collection area usually depends on the size of the image sensor, the depth of field, the field of view, and the apertures and lenses used.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area comprises a flat surface. The surface can be triangular, quadrilateral (e.g., rectangular or square), pentagonal, hexagonal, or generally "-gonal," where n is an integer greater than two. The surface can also be round or elliptical, or have another shape. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface is flat and rectangular, with the corners possibly being rounded, and extends perpendicular to the direction of gravity. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 250 mm x 250 mm. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 250 mm x 250 mm. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 160 mm to 130 mm x 190 mm.In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface has an extent in the range of 160 mm x 210 mm to 180 mm x 230 mm.

[0050] The collection area is designed so that variable electromagnetic radiation in the infrared (780 nm to 1000 pm), visible (380 nm to 780 nm) and / or ultraviolet range (100 nm to 380 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum is emitted from the collection area.

[0051] The term "emitted" can mean that the electromagnetic radiation is generated by the collection area; the term "emitted" can mean that electromagnetic radiation is reflected, scattered and / or diffracted by the collection area.

[0052] Electromagnetic radiation is variable. The term "variable" refers to the intensity distribution of the wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation. In other words, electromagnetic radiation can comprise several (at least two) types of electromagnetic radiation, which differ in their spectral composition. The electromagnetic radiation of each of the two types can be monochromatic or polychromatic.

[0053] The term "variable" means that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area changes over time. In other words, "variable" means "varying over time".

[0054] The temporal variation is not a phenomenon attributable to natural processes (such as varying illumination of the collection area by the sun and / or moon, changing times of day, passing clouds, or other natural phenomena), but rather a predictable (deterministic) and reproducible process. Typically, the temporal variation is not continuous (as in the case of natural phenomena such as sunrise and sunset), but discontinuous. The device typically includes a control unit that generates and / or causes the temporally varying electromagnetic radiation. The variable electromagnetic radiation is typically artificial. It is typically caused by one or more sources of artificial electromagnetic radiation.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the change in the spectral composition is periodic. It is possible to periodically vary between a number of spectral compositions. The number of spectral compositions can be, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10. However, the number of spectral compositions can also be greater than 10.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area is configured such that it actively emits the variable electromagnetic radiation. "Active" means that the collecting area itself generates electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the collecting area can be self-illuminating.

[0057] The collection area can include one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation. The at least one source can emit variable electromagnetic radiation. The at least one source is usually a source of artificial electromagnetic radiation.

[0058] Artificial electromagnetic radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation generated by human activities and / or technical devices, as opposed to natural sources (such as sunlight, lightning and / or fire).

[0059] It is possible that several sources are present, each emitting electromagnetic radiation with a defined spectral composition. It is possible that the sources can switch between them; that is, a first source can be activated in one time interval and a second source in a second time interval. It is possible that more than one source can be activated within a single time interval.

[0060] Such a source of electromagnetic radiation could be, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED).

[0061] A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible, and / or ultraviolet range when an electric current flows through it. The semiconductor device typically includes a so-called pn junction. A pn ​​junction forms, for example, at the boundary between a p-type and an n-type semiconductor material. These two semiconductor materials differ in the type of charge carriers that predominate in them: p-type semiconductors have mobile positive charge carriers (holes), while n-type semiconductors have mobile negative charge carriers (electrons).

[0062] The generation of electromagnetic radiation in an LED is typically the result of electroluminescence, a phenomenon in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or an electric field. When a voltage is applied to an LED, electrons move from the n-side to the p-side of the pn junction. As the electrons move across the junction, they recombine with holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The energy (and thus the spectral composition) of the emitted photons is determined by the band gap of the semiconductor material.

[0063] It is also possible that a filter exists which can be placed in the beam path of a source of electromagnetic radiation. Such a filter can be designed to selectively transmit, absorb, and / or reflect certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, thereby altering the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation striking the filter.

[0064] Such a filter can be an absorption filter. An absorption filter absorbs certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation while transmitting others. The material of the absorption filter and its chemical composition typically determine which wavelengths are absorbed. Another such filter can be an interference filter, also known as a dichroic filter. An interference filter can, for example, utilize the principle of thin-film interference to selectively transmit or reflect different wavelengths. Such an interference filter typically comprises several thin layers of dielectric materials, each with a different refractive index. By precisely defining the thickness and sequence of these layers, filters with very precise transmission and reflection properties for specific wavelength ranges can be achieved.

[0065] It is also possible that a source of electromagnetic radiation exists in which the spectral composition is adjustable.

[0066] At least one source of electromagnetic radiation can be an RGB LED. Such an RGB LED typically comprises several LEDs that emit electromagnetic radiation with different spectral compositions. These LEDs usually combine red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light at varying intensities to produce a broad color spectrum, including white light. By adjusting the relative brightness of each color component, these LEDs can produce virtually any color.

[0067] At least one source of electromagnetic radiation can be an RGBW LED. Such an RGBW LED adds a white (W) LED to the standard RGB configuration, thus enabling purer and more efficient white light production.

[0068] At least one source of electromagnetic radiation can be an RGBA LED. Such an RGBA LED comprises a red, green, blue, and amber (A) LED.

[0069] At least one source of electromagnetic radiation can be an OLED (organic LED). Such an OLED typically comprises several organic thin films sandwiched between two conductors. When an electric current is applied, it emits electromagnetic radiation. An OLED usually includes a substrate (base) on which the OLED is built. The substrate can be made of various materials, including plastic and / or glass. An anode (positive electrode) is typically located on or above the substrate. The anode layer is usually transparent. Its function is to remove electrons (add holes) when a current is applied. A hole injection layer injects holes into a hole transport layer. The hole transport layer is usually located next to the anode and transports holes from the anode to the emission layer. It assists in the recombination of holes and electrons.The emission layer comprises organic molecules or polymers that emit light when an electric current is applied. The spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation depends on the type of organic material used. An electron transport layer carries electrons from the cathode to the emission layer, where they can recombine with holes to produce light. The cathode (negative electrode) injects electrons when a current flows through the OLED. In some OLEDs, the cathode can be designed to enhance light emission. When a voltage is applied across the OLED, electrons are injected from the cathode and holes (positive charges) from the anode. The electrons and holes meet in the emission layer, where they recombine and release energy in the form of light.The specific materials used in the emission layer determine the spectral composition of the generated electromagnetic radiation.

[0070] At least one source of electromagnetic radiation can be a quantum dot LED (QLED). Such a QLED uses quantum dots, typically nanoscale semiconductor particles, which, when illuminated by an external source of electromagnetic radiation, emit electromagnetic radiation with a defined spectral composition. The spectral composition can be determined by changing the size of the quantum dots.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the collecting area as a result of being irradiated with electromagnetic radiation. In other words, the collecting area is passive and does not itself generate electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collecting area results from the interaction of the collecting area with electromagnetic radiation incident on the collecting area from an external source.

[0072] In one embodiment, the external source of electromagnetic radiation is a source of artificial electromagnetic radiation. In such an embodiment, the device comprises at least one source of electromagnetic radiation that emits electromagnetic radiation onto the collection area.

[0073] Any of the aforementioned sources of electromagnetic radiation can be used as a source of artificial electromagnetic radiation, such as LEDs, RGB LEDs, RGBW LEDs, RGBA LEDs, OLEDs, and / or QLEDs. Other sources of electromagnetic radiation include incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps, neon tubes, xenon lamps, plasma lamps, and / or lasers.

[0074] Various sources of electromagnetic radiation can be used, which send electromagnetic radiation of different spectral compositions onto the collection area.

[0075] One or more filters (e.g. absorption filters and / or interference filters) can be used to change the spectral composition of electromagnetic radiation before it hits the collecting area.

[0076] It is possible that the collection area comprises a variable surface. For example, it may contain interchangeable materials, such as a card or film. The materials can be designed to interact with the incoming electromagnetic radiation in a defined manner, and as a result of this interaction, electromagnetic radiation with a characteristic spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0077] The interchangeable materials could be, for example, a card or panel that is inserted into the collection area and / or applied to a surface of the collection area. It is possible that there is a block containing multiple cards, with the card at the top of the block forming the collection area or a part thereof. After a defined period of time, the top card can be removed. The card beneath it then becomes visible, replacing the removed card as the collection area or part thereof.

[0078] Furthermore, it is possible that when materials are exchanged, the top (first) card is replaced by placing another (second) card on top of it. The first card can be completely or partially covered by the second card. The second card can be taken from a supply of several cards.

[0079] It is also possible that the replaceable materials are films.

[0080] Furthermore, it is possible that the interchangeable materials are different sections of a film. It is possible that a film roll is partially unwound during material exchange, revealing a film section with altered optical properties upon unwinding. It is also possible that a film section being replaced by another film section is wound onto a (different) roll.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the exchange of materials takes place automatically, i.e., without human intervention.

[0082] The interchangeable materials can include, for example, different dyes. Such a dye can absorb a portion of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, so that the electromagnetic radiation reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted by the collection area has a different spectral composition than the incoming electromagnetic radiation. The incoming electromagnetic radiation can be, for example, white light. The dye can absorb a portion of the white light, absorbing the wavelengths present in the white light to varying degrees. A portion of the incoming electromagnetic radiation can be reflected or scattered by the collection area. Due to absorption, the reflected and / or scattered radiation has a different intensity distribution of wavelengths.

[0083] The interchangeable materials can, for example, incorporate different diffraction structures. When electromagnetic radiation encounters such a diffraction structure, it is diffracted, meaning its direction of propagation changes. Diffraction is particularly pronounced when the size of the structures in or on the materials is close to a wavelength of the incident electromagnetic radiation. This results in different wavelengths being diffracted in different directions. The diffracted electromagnetic beams can then overlap and interfere with each other. This interference can be constructive or destructive, depending on the phase difference between the beams.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, electromagnetic radiation with a time-varying spectral composition is emitted from the collecting area.

[0085] For example, it is possible that electromagnetic radiation with a first spectral composition is emitted during a first time interval, and electromagnetic radiation with a second spectral composition is emitted during a second time interval. The first spectral composition is different from the second. The second time interval can follow the first time interval. However, it is also possible that one or more further time intervals exist between the first and second time intervals. The first and second time intervals can have the same length or different lengths. It is possible that more than two time intervals exist, with electromagnetic radiation of a different spectral composition being emitted during each interval. It is also possible that no electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the collection area during a certain time interval.

[0086] The length of each time interval can be, for example, one or more milliseconds, one or more seconds, one or more minutes, and / or one or more hours. In other words, the length of each time interval can range from one millisecond to several hours. The length of each time interval can be constant or variable. For example, the length can vary over a 24-hour cycle. It is also possible that electromagnetic radiation is not emitted continuously from the collection area.

[0087] The variable spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area can be designed to attract different arthropods. In other words, the electromagnetic radiation can be used as an attractant. Different arthropods can be attracted to electromagnetic radiation with varying spectral compositions at different time intervals.

[0088] Bees are typically attracted to blue and / or purple flowers. Butterflies are typically attracted to bright colors such as red, yellow, orange, pink, and / or purple. Moths are generally nocturnal and are less attracted to bright colors than to white and / or ultraviolet light. Many flies are attracted to white, yellow, and / or blue surfaces. Whiteflies are typically attracted to the color yellow. Aphids are typically attracted to green and / or yellow. Mosquitoes are more likely to be attracted to dark colors such as black and / or red.

[0089] Instead of or in addition to attracting arthropods, electromagnetic radiation with a varying spectral composition can also be used to enhance the visibility of arthropods against their background. Fluorescent electromagnetic radiation can be used to make specific parts of arthropods fluoresce, thus facilitating their detection, identification, and / or quantification.

[0090] The collection area can comprise a pattern. Such a pattern (like the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area) can vary over time. Such a pattern can vary over time synchronously with the spectral composition or independently of it.

[0091] Patterns can play a role in attracting arthropods, for example in combination with color. Arthropods can perceive certain patterns as signals for food sources, mating opportunities, and / or suitable habitats.

[0092] Such patterns can be or encompass flower patterns. Many flowers include patterns that are visible to pollinators and guide them to the nectar. These patterns, often in the form of lines or contrasting colors, are sometimes only visible in the ultraviolet spectrum.

[0093] Some plants exhibit patterns that mimic the appearance of other species to attract or repel certain insects. Orchids, for example, may display patterns resembling female bees and / or wasps to attract males for pollination.

[0094] Some arthropods display specific patterns to attract mates. These include wing patterns in butterflies and / or moths and / or body markings in other arthropods. These patterns are often species-specific and may include intricate designs, bright colors, and / or ultraviolet markings that are attractive to potential mates of the same species.

[0095] Certain insects use patterns to identify suitable hosts for egg-laying. For example, some butterflies and moths look for specific leaf patterns and / or shapes that indicate the presence of a host plant for their larvae.

[0096] However, patterns can also serve to disorient insects. Striped patterns can disorient insects like flies or deter them from entering unwanted areas. The collection area can be visually patterned. Such a pattern can, for example, be projected onto a surface of the collection area.

[0097] It is also conceivable that one or more interchangeable materials are present, which have patterns.

[0098] Additional attractants may be present to lure specific arthropods. These attractants can include pheromones and / or scents that mimic, for example, a food source. Sounds that imitate mating males and / or females may also be used as attractants.

[0099] The device of the present disclosure may be or comprise a trapping device for arthropods.

[0100] Such a catching device may include a container filled with a liquid, e.g. a collection tray, as described, for example, in W02020 / 058175A1, W02020 / 058170A1, WO2021 / 213824A1 or WO2022 / 243150A1.

[0101] Such a catching device may include a surface coated with an adhesive (e.g. glue), as described, for example, in W02023 / 043871 A 1 , WO2018 / 131853 A 1 or W02004 / 095919A2.

[0102] Such a trapping device may include a tent-like frame that defines an interior space into which arthropods can enter. Such trapping devices are also known as delta traps (see, e.g., WO2018 / 078638A1); however, they may have shapes other than a prism. The collection area may include means for immobilizing arthropods. Such means may, for example, be a liquid. The liquid may be water or comprise a liquid containing a surface tension reduction agent.

[0103] A means of immobilizing arthropods can be a surface coated with an adhesive (e.g., glue). The surface can be provided, for example, by a card, board, or film.

[0104] A device for immobilizing arthropods can be one whose walls partially enclose an interior space from the outside, with one or more openings. Arthropods can enter the interior through the at least one opening, where they can then be detected. The walls and the at least one opening are usually designed so that arthropods can enter the interior more easily than they can exit. An example is a funnel-shaped opening.

[0105] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, no means for immobilizing arthropods are used in order to detect arthropods.

[0106] If no means are used to immobilize arthropods in order to detect them, measures can be taken to increase the likelihood that arthropods are within range of the detection unit (e.g., attractants) and / or sensors can be used that detect the presence of an arthropod near a detection unit and, in such a case, initiate signal acquisition by the detection unit.

[0107] In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, only means are used to immobilize arthropods that restrict the movement of the arthropods for a limited period of time and not permanently.

[0108] The device of the present disclosure comprises a detection unit.

[0109] The detection unit is a device that can be used to determine the presence of arthropods in an area (arthropod detection).

[0110] The area is usually located outdoors, but can also be in a polytunnel (film greenhouse) or a greenhouse.

[0111] The area can be or encompass a field for cultivating crops. The area can be or encompass multiple fields for cultivating crops. The area can border one or more fields for cultivating crops. The area can be a section within a field for cultivating crops.

[0112] The term "cultivated plant" refers to a plant that is intentionally grown as a crop through human intervention. The term encompasses any plant that is deliberately cultivated by humans for food, animal feed, fiber, timber, fragrances, medicinal, hygienic, and / or other economic purposes. These plants are typically specifically selected and managed to produce a yield or harvest and can include a wide variety of species, such as cereals, fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, and fiber crops. Parts of the cultivated crop may be suitable for human and / or animal consumption. Ornamental plants and algae also fall under the definition of "cultivated plant."

[0113] The term "crop" also includes cover crops. A cover crop is a plant primarily planted to control soil erosion, fertility, quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity, and / or wildlife. Cover crops are generally not grown for direct harvesting but benefit the soil and / or subsequent crops. They are typically planted during the off-season and / or between regular crop plantings. Cover crops can help prevent soil erosion, improve soil health, increase organic matter content, suppress weeds, and / or reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers and / or pesticides. Furthermore, they can promote biodiversity, provide habitat for beneficial insects, and / or contribute to overall sustainable agricultural practices.Common cover crops include pulses such as clover and vetch, grasses such as rye and oats, and various other species, depending on the specific agricultural objectives and / or local conditions.

[0114] The area may be, include, or border a plantation. It may also be, include, or border a forest or park.

[0115] The area can be, encompass, or border a wildflower strip. A wildflower strip is a deliberately created strip on agricultural land, typically planted with a specific mixture of native wildflowers, herbs, and / or sometimes cereal crops. These strips offer numerous benefits for both the environment and agriculture. Wildflower strips provide habitat, food, and / or nesting sites for a variety of animals, especially insects such as bees, bumblebees, and butterflies, but also for birds and small mammals. The increase in biodiversity strengthens the ecological balance. The insects living in the wildflower strips can be important pollinators for surrounding agricultural crops as well as for wild plants. An increased number of pollinators can lead to improved harvest quality and quantity.Flowering strips can encourage the establishment of beneficial organisms, such as certain insect species that naturally regulate pests. This can reduce the need for chemical pesticides and thus contribute to a healthier ecosystem. The plants in the flowering strips can help stabilize the soil and / or protect it from erosion. Furthermore, by acting as green manure and introducing organic matter into the soil, they can improve soil structure and fertility.

[0116] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is located in or near a field for cultivating crops. "Near" can mean that the area is at a distance from a field boundary that is no greater than, for example, 1 meter, 5 meters, 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters, or 500 meters.

[0117] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is located in a greenhouse.

[0118] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is located in a foil tunnel.

[0119] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is an urban region.

[0120] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the area is a non-urban area, such as a nature reserve, a park, forests and / or another biome.

[0121] The detection of arthropods can, in principle, be carried out in various ways, e.g. acoustically, optically, chemically and / or by genetic analysis.

[0122] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection of arthropods is carried out acoustically.

[0123] Some arthropods produce characteristic sounds that can be detected with a microphone. Arthropods can produce sounds in various ways, such as stridulation (rubbing body parts together), tymbalation (vibrating a membrane), and / or by moving their wings during flight. Sounds produced by arthropods can serve various purposes, such as communication, mating calls, and / or defense mechanisms. Arthropod sounds can be used for acoustic detection. For acoustic detection, the detection unit can include one or more microphones. These can be microphones for airborne sound and / or vibration sensors (e.g., piezoelectric sensors) for substrate-transmitted vibrations.Microphones are usually tuned to the frequency range of the expected acoustic signals; special devices such as ultrasonic microphones can be used, for example, to detect sounds outside the range of human hearing, as many arthropods communicate using ultrasonic frequencies.

[0124] After recording using one or more microphones, the recorded sounds can be amplified and / or filtered to isolate arthropod sounds from background noise. Filters can be adjusted to focus on specific frequencies and / or frequency ranges known to be used and / or originate from arthropods.

[0125] The optionally filtered and / or amplified signals can be analyzed to extract characteristic features. This can include the identification of specific frequencies, patterns, and / or sequences that are characteristic of certain arthropods.

[0126] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection of arthropods is carried out optically.

[0127] The detection of arthropods can be based on optical signals generated by the arthropods themselves and / or on signals resulting from the interaction of arthropods with electromagnetic radiation.

[0128] Optical detection can utilize various interactions of electromagnetic radiation with arthropods, such as reflection, refraction and / or fluorescence, to detect the presence and characteristic features of arthropods.

[0129] Arthropods typically have a characteristic appearance. This appearance can be captured and recorded using an optical camera. The detection unit can therefore comprise one or more optical cameras.

[0130] A "camera" is a device or system designed to capture and record images of objects and / or phenomena. A camera uses, for example, electromagnetic radiation, sound waves, and / or other physical processes that can be visually represented. The camera converts received signals (e.g., optical and / or acoustic) into other signals (e.g., electrical) and / or data that can be stored, processed, displayed, and / or transmitted. The term "camera" encompasses devices that operate with all media or technologies, including analog and digital, optical, electronic, chemical, and / or other methods of image acquisition.The term "camera" encompasses a wide range of devices including, but not limited to, still cameras, video cameras, thermal imaging cameras, radar systems, ultrasound imaging devices, electron microscopes and all future technologies that can perform the function of image acquisition.

[0131] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera is a digital camera that electrically generates two-dimensional images from light using one or more image sensors (optical camera). These are typically semiconductor-based image sensors such as CCD (CCD = charge-coupled device) or CMOS (CMOS = complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) sensors. Optical elements such as lenses, apertures, and the like serve to achieve the sharpest possible image of arthropods on the image sensor. A digital camera is configured to generate digital images.

[0132] Digital images can be processed, edited, and reproduced using computer systems and programs, as well as converted into standardized data formats such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group graphics format), PNG (Portable Network Graphics), or SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). Digital images can be visualized using suitable display devices, such as computer monitors, projectors, and / or printers. Images of an area where arthropods are suspected to be present can be captured using one or more optical cameras. This can be done with standard digital cameras, special macro lenses for close-up shots, and / or infrared and / or ultraviolet cameras, which can reveal details invisible to the human eye. For flying arthropods, high-speed cameras can be used to freeze motion and capture clear images.

[0133] Optical recognition requires the presence of a source of electromagnetic radiation. This source of electromagnetic radiation can be an arthropod itself. Some arthropods possess light-emitting organs that can emit characteristic light signals via bioluminescence; these signals are often species-specific and can differ in length, rhythm, and / or spectral range.

[0134] Daylight (direct and / or reflected and / or scattered sunlight) and / or moonlight and starlight can also be used as electromagnetic radiation. In addition to these natural sources of electromagnetic radiation, artificial sources can also be employed. Various lighting techniques, such as backlighting and / or the use of specific wavelengths and / or spectral ranges of electromagnetic radiation, can improve the visibility of arthropods against their background. Eluorescent lighting, for example, can make certain parts of arthropods glow, thus facilitating their detection.

[0135] Optical sensors and / or scanners can scan the environment and identify changes in light patterns caused by the presence of arthropods. These sensors can be tuned to specific wavelengths and / or light patterns known to be reflected and / or absorbed by certain insect species.

[0136] The signals detected by such sensors and / or scanners can be used directly to detect arthropods and / or trigger the generation of an image of the collection area where an arthropod is suspected to be present.

[0137] Captured images can be processed using computer algorithms to detect, identify, and / or count arthropods. Image processing techniques can enhance contrast, isolate specific color ranges, and / or apply pattern recognition to distinguish arthropods from the background.

[0138] Arthropods can also be detected using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The detection unit can be a LiDAR system or include one.

[0139] LiDAR systems emit laser pulses and measure the time it takes for the electromagnetic radiation to return after striking one or more objects. This data can be used to create detailed three-dimensional images of the area under investigation. Components of a LiDAR system include a laser for emitting laser pulses and a sensor that detects the electromagnetic radiation reflected by objects, including arthropods.

[0140] Scanners and positioning systems can control the direction and angle of the laser pulses. They enable the LiDAR system to scan a specific area or volume. After a laser pulse is emitted and reflected by objects, including arthropods, it returns to the LiDAR system, where it is detected by the sensor. LiDAR systems can detect and track individual flying arthropods. By analyzing the flight paths and / or wingbeat frequencies captured in the LiDAR data, different arthropods can be distinguished.

[0141] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, arthropods are detected by genetic analysis. Arthropod detection can be achieved through genetic analysis of samples from the field. This so-called DNA / RNA metabarcoding combines DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and / or RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing with bioinformatics to identify different species from a single environmental sample. This approach is based on the analysis of short, standardized DNA and / or RNA segments, referred to as "barcodes," which are unique to each species or group of closely related species. DNA metabarcoding enables the rapid and simultaneous identification of many species and can thus be used for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of multiple arthropods.

[0142] A first step is to collect samples in the area (e.g., at various locations within the area) from which DNA / RNA can be extracted. For the detection of arthropods, these samples can be soil, water, air filters (for airborne DNA / RNA), plant material, and / or bulk samples. Sampling can be performed by a person who feeds the samples to the detection unit. In one embodiment, sampling is performed automatically, i.e., without human intervention. The device of this disclosure may include means for sampling. The device of this disclosure may include a suction tube and a pump with which air or water samples can be taken. The device may include a gripper with which soil samples and / or plant samples can be taken.The device can include a gripper with which immobilized arthropods can be removed from the collection area and fed to the detection unit.

[0143] Subsequently, DNA and / or RNA can be extracted from the collected samples. In this process, the cells in the sample are cleaved to release the DNA and / or RNA, which can then be purified and concentrated for further analysis. The extracted DNA / RNA can be subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to selectively amplify the barcode regions of the DNA / RNA. Using primers—short DNA or RNA sequences that match the regions flanking the barcode—ensures that only the desired segments are amplified. The DNA / RNA barcodes can then be sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technologies.

[0144] For DNA / RNA metabar coding, the nanopore sequencing developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies can also be used. Nanopore sequencing is based on the detection of changes in electrical conductivity when individual molecules of DNA or RNA pass through a nanopore in a synthetic membrane. This technology enables direct, real-time sequencing of long DNA and / or RNA fragments without the need for amplification and / or complex sample preparation.

[0145] In one embodiment, the device of the present disclosure is mobile. "Mobile" means that the device can be moved in or above the area. The term "move" refers to "propulsion," that is, the ability to travel from one location to another. The device can move autonomously in or above the area; however, it can also be controlled by a person. The device can be an unmanned aircraft (often also referred to as a drone) or a manned aircraft. The device can be a vehicle (e.g., a sprayer). The device can be a robot. A mobile device has the advantage that it can detect arthropods at different locations. A mobile device has the advantage that it can move in or above the area and take samples at different locations to deliver them to the detection unit.

[0146] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, arthropods are detected by chemical analysis. Chemical analyses can also be used to detect arthropods in an area. Environmental samples can be examined for specific chemicals that indicate the presence, activity, and / or metabolism of arthropods.

[0147] Such chemicals can be pheromones, for example. Pheromones are chemicals secreted by arthropods, among others, that trigger specific behaviors in other members of the same species; they serve, for example, to attract mates. Some arthropods release specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as part of their life processes, such as mating, feeding, and / or defense. Analyzing air samples for these VOCs can provide evidence of the presence of such arthropods. Analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used to identify and quantify these compounds.

[0148] Some arthropods, such as aphids, excrete a sugary substance known as honeydew when they feed on plant sap. The presence of honeydew, for example on plants, can indicate the presence of arthropods in the area.

[0149] Soil samples can be analyzed for chemical markers that indicate arthropod activity. Certain arthropods in the soil can alter its chemical composition through their excretions and / or by influencing the decomposition process.

[0150] Arthropods that feed on plants can trigger the production of specific chemicals by the plant as a defense mechanism. Analyzing plant tissue or the environment for these chemicals can indicate the presence of plant-feeding arthropods, even if the arthropods themselves are not directly observed.

[0151] Other methods can be used to detect arthropods in the area. It is possible to combine different methods.

[0152] The detection unit typically has one or more sensors that can detect arthropods.

[0153] A sensor is a technical component or device that can detect and measure certain physical and / or chemical properties and / or conditions (such as temperature, humidity, pressure, brightness, gas concentrations, etc.). These detected quantities are usually converted into electrical signals, which can then be further processed, stored, and / or displayed.

[0154] Examples of sensors mentioned in this disclosure include cameras, microphones, LiDAR sensors, gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, and nanotubes. Other sensors are conceivable. The detection of arthropods according to this disclosure is achieved by acquiring signals. Such signals are typically provided by one or more sensors. These signals can be digitized. Such signals provide information about the presence of one (or more) arthropods.

[0155] Such a signal can be an image produced by a camera. The image can depict at least one arthropod. Such a signal can be an audio signal. The audio signal can include a sound originating from an arthropod. Such a signal can be a reflection signal from a laser pulse. The reflection signal can include a pattern attributable to the wingbeat of an arthropod. Such a signal can be a chromatogram and / or mass spectrum. The chromatogram and / or mass spectrum can exhibit one or more bands representing chemical compositions. The chemical compositions can indicate excretions from arthropods or from plants in response to arthropods. Such a signal can be one or more sequences of nucleotides. Such a sequence can represent a portion of an arthropod's genome. Other types of signals are possible.

[0156] A captured signal can be examined for the presence of characteristic features that indicate one or more arthropods. The analysis of captured signals can also be performed using a machine learning model.

[0157] It is possible for the detection unit to be configured, or to be configured, to continuously detect signals or to detect signals at defined times or intervals. The detection unit, or a computer system connected to the detection unit, may be configured to analyze the detected signals for characteristic features of an arthropod. A "computer system" is a system for electronic data processing that processes data using programmable instructions. Such a system typically includes a "computer," the unit containing a processor for performing logical operations, and peripherals.

[0158] In computer technology, "peripherals" refers to all devices connected to a computer that are used to control the computer and / or as input and output devices. Examples include monitors (screens), printers, scanners, mice, keyboards, drives, cameras, microphones, speakers, etc. Internal ports and expansion cards are also considered peripherals in computer technology.

[0159] Today's computer systems are often divided into desktop PCs, portable PCs, laptops, notebooks, netbooks, and tablet PCs, as well as so-called handhelds (e.g., smartphones); all of these systems can be used to perform the computer-implemented procedures described here. The term "computer" is to be interpreted broadly and encompass any type of electronic device with data processing capabilities, including, as non-restrictive examples, personal computers, servers, communication devices, processors (e.g., digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontrollers, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.), and other electronic computing devices.

[0160] The term "processing" is intended to encompass any type of calculation, manipulation, or transformation of data that is represented as physical, e.g., electronic, phenomena and that can occur or be stored, e.g., in registers and / or memory of at least one computer or processor. The term "processor" encompasses a single processing unit or a multitude of such distributed or remote units.

[0161] The device of the present disclosure typically includes a control unit. Such a control unit is typically used to control the electrical / electronic components of the device and / or to process signals and / or data. The control unit typically includes a processor unit, a program memory, and a working memory. The control unit may further include a non-volatile data storage device, implemented, for example, as a semiconductor memory, which may be used, for example, to store signals and / or the results of analyses. The control unit may be configured to cause the detection unit to detect signals at defined times and / or at defined intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.The control unit can be configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation to generate electromagnetic radiation of a defined spectral composition and / or project patterns onto the collection area at defined times and / or intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. The control unit can be configured to change interchangeable materials within the collection area. The control unit can be configured to transmit signals, analysis results, geocoordinates, and / or other information to a separate computer system using a transmitter unit. The control unit can be configured to analyze signals for the presence of characteristic arthropod features. The control unit can be configured to determine a biodiversity score. The control unit can be configured to cause a sampling unit to take one or more samples.

[0162] The device may include a transmitter for transmitting information over a network to a separate computer system. The transmitter may be configured to transmit information via a mobile network (e.g., GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, GPRS: General Packet Radio Service, UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, LTE: Long Term Evolution), via WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), via Bluetooth, via DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications), via a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN or LPN) such as a narrowband IoT network, and / or via a combination of different transmission methods.

[0163] The transmitting unit can be designed to transmit information via a short-range radio connection (e.g., Bluetooth) to a base station, from which the information is then forwarded via cable and / or a long-range radio connection (e.g., a mobile network).

[0164] The device may include a receiving unit for receiving information via a network. This information may include software updates, status queries, and / or other / additional information. The receiving unit may be configured to receive information via a mobile network. The transmitting unit and the receiving unit may be components of a transmitting-receiving unit.

[0165] The device may have means for determining its location. These means may include a GPS receiver (GPS: Global Positioning System).

[0166] The device typically includes means for a power supply. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the device is designed for autonomous operation outdoors for a period of several days, weeks, months, or even years. The means for a power supply include, for example, one or more electrochemical cells, accumulators, solar cells, fuel cells, and / or generators (e.g., in combination with a wind turbine).

[0167] The device may include means for positioning and / or stationing the device in the area. Such means are disclosed, for example, in W02020058I75AI and / or W02020058I70AI.

[0168] The device may include means for moving the device in and / or above the area. The device may, for example, be designed as a vehicle, robot, or drone.

[0169] Further embodiments are disclosed below. These embodiments are not necessarily subject matter that falls under patent protection. As is known to those skilled in the art in patent law, the scope of protection of a patent is defined by the patent claims. The description and the drawings are to be used to interpret the patent claims. The embodiments described below are part of the description and not of the patent claims. The following embodiments are intended to give the reader guidance on how various features described in this disclosure can be combined. They are therefore part of the present technical teaching and should not be confused with the subject matter of the patent claims.

[0170] Further embodiments of the present disclosure are:

[0171] Design 1: A device comprising:

[0172] a collection area and

[0173] a detection unit for detecting arthropods in the collection area; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable and / or time-varying spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0174] Embodiment 2: The device according to embodiment 1, wherein the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation of different spectral composition is emitted at different time intervals.

[0175] Embodiment 3: The device according to one of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the collecting area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation of a first spectral composition is emitted in a first time period, and electromagnetic radiation of a second spectral composition is emitted in a second time period, wherein the first spectral composition is different from the second spectral composition.

[0176] Embodiment 4: The device according to embodiment 3, wherein the first time interval follows the first time interval in time.

[0177] Embodiment 5: The device according to one of embodiments 3 or 4, wherein the first time period and / or the second time period has a length of one or more minutes or of one or more hours.

[0178] Embodiment 6: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the variable spectral composition is selected to attract different arthropods. Embodiment 7: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein different spectral compositions attract different arthropods.

[0179] Embodiment 8: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the collecting area is an area in which arthropods can be found.

[0180] Embodiment 9: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the collecting area is an area in which arthropods must be located in order to be detected by the detection unit.

[0181] Embodiment 10: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the device comprises several collection areas.

[0182] Embodiment 11: The device according to embodiment 10, wherein the multiple collecting areas are oriented in different directions and / or are intended for different arthropods.

[0183] Embodiment 12: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the collecting area comprises a surface.

[0184] Embodiment 13: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the collecting area is self-illuminating.

[0185] Embodiment 14: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the collecting area comprises a self-illuminating surface.

[0186] Embodiment 15: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 250 mm x 250 mm. Embodiment 16: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the collection area comprises one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation.

[0187] Embodiment 17: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the collection area comprises several sources of electromagnetic radiation, each of which emits electromagnetic radiation of a different spectral composition.

[0188] Embodiment 18: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the device comprises a filter, the filter being the one that modifies the spectral composition of electromagnetic radiation.

[0189] Embodiment 19: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the variable spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is achieved by one or more filters.

[0190] Embodiment 20: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is passed through a filter. Embodiment 21: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is passed through different filters in order to generate electromagnetic radiation of different spectral compositions.

[0191] Embodiment 22: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is a result of irradiation of the collection area with electromagnetic radiation.

[0192] Embodiment 23: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is due to reflection, scattering and / or diffraction.

[0193] Embodiment 24: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the device comprises one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation which send electromagnetic radiation onto the collection area.

[0194] Embodiment 25: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the device comprises several sources of electromagnetic radiation, each of which emits electromagnetic radiation of a different spectral composition onto the collecting area.

[0195] Embodiment 26: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the device comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation which sends electromagnetic radiation through one or more filters onto the collection area.

[0196] Embodiment 27: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the device comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation which sends electromagnetic radiation through various filters onto the collection area in order to generate electromagnetic radiation of different spectral compositions.

[0197] Embodiment 28: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the collection area comprises interchangeable materials.

[0198] Embodiment 29: The device according to embodiment 28, wherein the materials have different optical properties.

[0199] Embodiment 30: The device according to one of embodiments 28 or 29, wherein the materials have different dyes.

[0200] Embodiment 31: The device according to one of embodiments 28 to 30, wherein the materials comprise different diffraction structures.

[0201] Embodiment 32: The device according to one of embodiments 28 to 31, wherein the interchangeable materials are different sections of a film.

[0202] Embodiment 33: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the collecting area comprises a pattern.

[0203] Embodiment 34: The device according to embodiment 33, wherein the pattern is time-varying.

[0204] Embodiment 35: The device according to one of embodiments 33 or 34, wherein the pattern is projected onto the collecting area.

[0205] Embodiment 36: The device according to one of embodiments 33 to 35, wherein the pattern is introduced into or applied to the collecting area.

[0206] Embodiment 37: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the detection unit is or comprises a camera. Embodiment 38: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the detection unit is or comprises an optical camera.

[0207] Embodiment 39: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is a result of irradiation of the collection area with artificial electromagnetic radiation.

[0208] Embodiment 40: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 39, wherein the collecting area comprises a flat surface.

[0209] Embodiment 41: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 40, wherein the collection area comprises a flat surface oriented perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Embodiment 42: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the first time period and / or the second time period has a length ranging from one minute to several hours.

[0210] Embodiment 43: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 42, characterized in that the collection area is designed such that artificial electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0211] Embodiment 44: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 43, further comprising a control unit.

[0212] Embodiment 45: The device according to embodiment 44, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation to emit electromagnetic radiation with the variable spectral composition. Embodiment 46: The device according to one of embodiments 44 or 45, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation of the collection area to emit electromagnetic radiation with the variable spectral composition.

[0213] Embodiment 47: The device according to one of embodiments 44 to 46, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation to send the electromagnetic radiation with the variable spectral composition to the collection area.

[0214] Embodiment 48: The device according to one of embodiments 44 to 47, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation to emit electromagnetic radiation with a first spectral composition during a first time period and to emit electromagnetic radiation with a second spectral composition during a second time period, wherein the first spectral composition is different from the second spectral composition and the second time period follows the first time period.

[0215] Embodiment 49: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 48, wherein variable means that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collecting area changes over time.

[0216] Embodiment 50: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area does not change continuously over time.

[0217] Embodiment 51: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 50, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area changes abruptly over time. Embodiment 52: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area changes over time in a predictable and / or reproducible manner.

[0218] Embodiment 53: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 52, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area changes automatically.

[0219] Embodiment 54: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 53, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is artificial electromagnetic radiation. Embodiment 55: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 54, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is not attributable to a natural phenomenon.

[0220] Embodiment 56: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 55, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is not the result of a natural phenomenon.

[0221] Embodiment 57: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 56, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is not of natural origin.

[0222] Embodiment 58: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is caused by the device. Embodiment 59: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 58, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is caused by a control unit of the device.

[0223] Embodiment 60: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 59, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is caused by one or more sources of artificial electromagnetic radiation.

[0224] Embodiment 61: The device according to embodiment 60, wherein the device comprises one or more sources of artificial electromagnetic radiation.

[0225] Embodiment 62: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 61, wherein the collection area comprises one or more sources of artificial electromagnetic radiation. Embodiment 63: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 62, wherein the device comprises one or more sources of artificial electromagnetic radiation that transmit time-varying artificial electromagnetic radiation onto the collection area.

[0226] Embodiment 64: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 63, wherein the collection area is configured to actively emit the variable electromagnetic radiation. Embodiment 65: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein the device is configured to switch between different sources of electromagnetic radiation in order to generate the variable electromagnetic radiation.

[0227] Embodiment 66: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 65, wherein the device comprises a control unit, the control unit being configured to switch between different sources of electromagnetic radiation in order to generate the variable electromagnetic radiation. Embodiment 67: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 66, wherein variable means that electromagnetic radiation with a first spectral composition is emitted from the collection area in a first time interval, and electromagnetic radiation with a second spectral composition is emitted in a second time interval, the second time interval following the first time interval.

[0228] Embodiment 68: The device of embodiment 67, wherein the first time period and the second time period are variably configurable.

[0229] Embodiment 69: The device according to embodiment 67 or 68, wherein the first time interval and the second time interval are adjustable.

[0230] Embodiment 70: The device according to one of embodiments 67 to 69, wherein the first time period and the second time period can be set by a user.

[0231] Embodiment 71: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 70, wherein the collecting area comprises one or more light-emitting diodes.

[0232] Embodiment 72: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 71, wherein the collecting area comprises one or more organic light-emitting diodes.

[0233] Embodiment 73: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 72, wherein the collecting area comprises a flat or curved surface provided by a light-emitting diode.

[0234] Embodiment 74: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 73, wherein the collecting area comprises a flat or curved surface provided by an organic light-emitting diode.

[0235] Embodiment 75: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 74, wherein the time-varying electromagnetic radiation is produced by an automatic exchange of materials in the collection area.

[0236] Embodiment 76: The device according to embodiment 75, wherein the exchanged materials have different optical properties.

[0237] Embodiment 77: The device according to one of embodiments 75 or 76, wherein the exchanged materials have different colors.

[0238] Embodiment 78: The device according to one of embodiments 75 to 77, wherein the exchanged materials have different patterns.

[0239] Embodiment 79: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 78, wherein the detection is acoustic.

[0240] Embodiment 80: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 79, wherein detection is carried out by means of sounds caused by the arthropods.

[0241] Embodiment 81: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 80, wherein detection is carried out on the basis of sounds produced by the arthropods.

[0242] Embodiment 82: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 81, wherein the detection unit comprises a microphone.

[0243] Embodiment 83: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 82, wherein the detection is optical. Embodiment 84: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 83, wherein the detection is based on visual features of the arthropods.

[0244] Embodiment 85: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 84, wherein detection is carried out on the basis of flight paths and / or flight beat frequencies of the arthropods.

[0245] Embodiment 86: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 85, wherein the detection unit comprises a LiDAR system.

[0246] Embodiment 87: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 86, wherein the detection comprises a gene sequence analysis.

[0247] Embodiment 88: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 87, wherein the detection is carried out using genes of arthropods.

[0248] Embodiment 89: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 88, wherein the detection unit comprises a unit for gene sequence analysis.

[0249] Embodiment 90: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 89, wherein the device comprises means for sampling.

[0250] Embodiment 91: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 90, wherein the device is stationed in the area.

[0251] Embodiment 92: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 90, wherein the device is mobile.

[0252] Embodiment 93: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 92, wherein the detection comprises a chemical analysis.

[0253] Embodiment 94: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 93, wherein the detection is carried out using chemical substances originating from arthropods.

[0254] Embodiment 95: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 94, wherein the detection is carried out using chemical substances that attract arthropods.

[0255] Embodiment 96: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 95, wherein the detection is carried out using chemical substances that plants detect in response to an interaction with arthropods.

[0256] Embodiment 97: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 96, wherein the detection unit comprises a mass spectrometer.

[0257] Embodiment 98: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 97, wherein the detection unit comprises a gas chromatograph.

[0258] Embodiment 99: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 98, wherein the detection unit comprises a computer system.

[0259] Embodiment 100: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 99, wherein the device comprises a computer system.

[0260] Embodiment 101: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 100, wherein the device comprises a control unit.

[0261] Embodiment 102: The device according to embodiment 101, wherein the control unit is or comprises a computer system. Embodiment 103: The device according to one of embodiments 101 or 102, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the detection unit to detect signals at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events, wherein the signals are caused by and / or indicate arthropods.

[0262] Embodiment 104: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 103, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation to generate electromagnetic radiation of a defined spectral composition and / or to project patterns onto the collection area at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0263] Embodiment 105: The device according to any one of embodiments 101 to 104, wherein the control unit is configured to exchange interchangeable materials in the collection area at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. Embodiment 106: The device according to any one of embodiments 101 to 105, wherein the control unit is configured to change interchangeable materials in the collection area at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0264] Embodiment 107: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 106, wherein the control unit is configured to transmit signals, analysis results, geocoordinates and / or other information to a separate computer system at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events by means of a transmitting unit.

[0265] Embodiment 108: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 107, wherein the device and / or the control unit comprises a transmitting unit.

[0266] Embodiment 109: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 108, wherein the control unit is configured to analyze signals for the presence of characteristic features of arthropods.

[0267] Embodiment 110: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 109, wherein the control unit is configured to determine a biodiversity value at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0268] Embodiment 111: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 110, wherein the control unit is configured to cause a sampling unit to take one or more samples at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0269] Embodiment 112: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 111, wherein the device comprises a sampling unit.

[0270] Embodiment 113: The device according to one of embodiments 101 to 112, wherein the control unit is configured to cause one or more sources to emit time-varying electromagnetic radiation at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0271] Embodiment 114: The device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 113, wherein the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area varies periodically. Embodiment 115: The device according to any one of embodiments 101 to 114, wherein the control unit is configured to cause / bring about a periodically varying spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area.

[0272] Embodiment 116: The device according to one of embodiments 1 to 115, wherein the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area varies periodically between a number of spectral compositions.

[0273] Embodiment 117: The device according to embodiment 116, wherein the number of spectral compositions is in the range of 2 to 10.

[0274] embodiment 118. Method comprising

[0275] Positioning a detection unit to detect arthropods in an area; capturing signals from one or more arthropods in a collection area using the detection unit;

[0276] Detecting and / or identifying and / or counting the arthropods in the collection area and / or determining a biodiversity value based on the signals recorded;

[0277] characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable and / or time-varying spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

[0278] Embodiment 119: The method according to embodiment 118, wherein the area is a field for the cultivation of crops, or comprises or borders such a field.

[0279] Embodiment 120: The method according to one of embodiments 118 or 119, wherein the area is a field for the cultivation of crops, or comprises or borders such a field.

[0280] Embodiment 121: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 120, wherein the area is a field for the cultivation of crops, or comprises or borders on such a field.

[0281] Embodiment 122: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 121, wherein the area is a flowering strip or comprises or borders on such a strip.

[0282] Embodiment 123: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 122, wherein the area is or comprises or borders an urban region.

[0283] Embodiment 124: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 123, wherein the area is or comprises or borders a nature reserve.

[0284] Embodiment 125: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 124, wherein the area is or comprises a greenhouse.

[0285] Embodiment 126: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 125, wherein the area is or comprises a foil tunnel.

[0286] Embodiment 127: The method according to one of embodiments 118 to 126, comprising positioning the detection unit:

[0287] Positioning a device according to one of embodiments 1 to 117 in the area. Embodiment 128: Using the device according to one of embodiments 1 to 117 for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting arthropods and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting pest organisms and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting beneficial organisms and / or for determining a biodiversity value. The device of the present disclosure is usually positioned in the area. It is possible for several devices to be positioned in the area.

[0288] The device can be set up and / or suspended or otherwise fixed in the area. The device can include a tripod to position it at a defined height and / or to align it with its surroundings in a defined manner.

[0289] The device of the present disclosure can be used for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting arthropods.

[0290] The device of the present disclosure can be used to detect and / or identify and / or count harmful organisms.

[0291] The device of the present disclosure can be used to detect and / or identify and / or count beneficial organisms.

[0292] The device of the present disclosure can be used to determine a biodiversity value.

[0293] The term biodiversity, as used in this revelation, can refer to the variety of living organisms in the area. To determine a biodiversity score that indicates the biodiversity in the area, the variety of arthropods in the area can be determined. It can serve as a measure of the biodiversity in the area. The greater the variety of arthropods in an area, the greater the variety of other organisms usually is, and vice versa.

[0294] The subject matter of this disclosure will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, without limiting the disclosure to the features and combinations of features shown in the drawings. Statements made regarding the embodiments shown in the drawings are intended to be generally applicable, i.e., also applicable to other embodiments and not limited to the embodiments shown. Fig. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, an embodiment of the device of this disclosure.

[0295] The device (1) comprises a collection area (2) for arthropods. The collection area (2) is designed as a flat surface. The device (1) further comprises a detection unit (3). The detection unit (3) is directed towards the collection area (2). The detection unit (3) is configured or caused to detect arthropods in the collection area (2) based on characteristic features. The detection unit (3) may be or include a camera. The detection unit (3) may be or include an optical camera. The detection unit (3) may include one or more microphones. The detection unit (3) may also be another detection unit or a combination of detection units.

[0296] The collecting area (2) is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible, and / or ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum with a variable spectral composition. This electromagnetic radiation can be used to attract arthropods into the collecting area (2). The electromagnetic radiation with the variable, i.e., time-varying, spectral composition can be used to attract different arthropod species.In other words, electromagnetic radiation with a first spectral composition can be used in a first time interval to attract first arthropods, and electromagnetic radiation with a second spectral composition can be used in a second time interval to attract second arthropods, wherein the first spectral composition differs from the second spectral composition, the first arthropods are different from the second arthropods (e.g., a different species), and the first and second time intervals are different time intervals. The collecting area (2) can be a surface of a source of electromagnetic radiation. The collecting area (2) can therefore actively emit electromagnetic radiation, i.e., be self-luminous. The source of electromagnetic radiation can be or comprise an LED.The electromagnetic radiation source can be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation with a variable, i.e., time-varying, spectral composition at different times or at time intervals.

[0297] The device (1) may include a control unit (not shown in Fig. 1). The control unit may be part of the detection unit (3) or housed in the enclosure containing the detection unit (3). The control unit may be configured to cause the electromagnetic radiation source to emit electromagnetic radiation at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. The control unit may be configured to ensure a time-varying spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation. The control unit may be configured to cause the detection unit to acquire signals and analyze them for the presence of characteristic features indicating the presence of one or more arthropods.

[0298] Fig. 2 shows, by way of example and schematic representation, another embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0299] The device (1) shown in Fig. 2 is a variant of the device shown in Fig. 1. The device (1) shown in Fig. 2 differs from the device shown in Fig. 1 in that the collecting area (2) does not actively emit electromagnetic radiation, but is passive. The collecting area (2) is illuminated by an electromagnetic radiation source (4). The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source (4) varies over time. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source (4) strikes the collecting area (2) and is at least partially reflected, scattered, and / or deflected by it, so that time-varying electromagnetic radiation is also emitted by the collecting area (2). This time-varying electromagnetic radiation can be used to attract various arthropods into the collecting area (2).As in the case of the device shown in Fig. 1, the device shown in Fig. 2 can also include a control unit. The control unit can be configured to cause the electromagnetic radiation source (4) to emit electromagnetic radiation at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. The control unit can be configured to ensure a time-varying spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0300] It is possible that there are multiple sources of electromagnetic radiation that emit electromagnetic radiation with different spectral compositions.

[0301] Fig. 3 shows, by way of example and schematic, a further embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0302] The device (1) shown in Fig. 3 is a variant of the device shown in Fig. 2. The device (1) shown in Fig. 3 differs from the device shown in Fig. 2 in that a filter (5) is arranged in front of the electromagnetic radiation source (4). In other words, a filter (5) is placed in the path of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source (4) towards the collecting area (2). In other words, before the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source (4) reaches the collecting area (2), it passes through the filter (5). The filter (5) modifies the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the electromagnetic radiation source (4). The filter (5) can, for example, be an absorption filter that absorbs a portion of the electromagnetic radiation incident upon it.It is conceivable that the filter (5) is introduced into the beam path at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. For this purpose, an actuator (e.g., a motor) can be used, which is controlled, for example, by a control unit. In other words, during a first time interval, the filter (5) can be outside the beam path, so that unfiltered electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic source (4) reaches the collecting area (4) and is at least partially reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted there. During a second time interval, which, for example, follows the first time interval, the filter (5) can be introduced into the beam path, so that filtered electromagnetic radiation reaches the collecting area (2) and is at least partially reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted there.

[0303] It is possible that several (different) filters are used, leading to different spectral compositions. It is possible that the filter is switched between.

[0304] It is also possible that different filters are present, which ensure that different patterns are projected onto the collection area.

[0305] Fig. 4 shows, by way of example and schematic, a further embodiment of the device of the present disclosure.

[0306] In the variant shown in Fig. 4, the collection area (2a, 2b) is provided by a film. The film is wound onto two rolls (6a, 6b) and can be unwound from one roll (6b) and wound onto the other roll (6a). The film has two different sections with different optical properties. The sections can differ in color. The sections can have different patterns. One section forms a first collection area (2a), the other section a second collection area (2b). In other words, the device (1) has time-varying collection areas (2a, 2b) between which it is possible to switch. In a first time interval, the first collection area (2a) can be presented, and in a second time interval, the second collection area (2b) can be presented.Electromagnetic radiation striking the different collection areas (2a, 2b) is reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted differently. The different optical properties of the collection areas (2a, 2b) can serve to attract different arthropods. It is possible that the collection areas are illuminated by natural light (e.g., sunlight); it is also conceivable that one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation are present to provide illumination. Such a source of electromagnetic radiation can emit electromagnetic radiation onto the collection areas "from above" or "from the side" (e.g., from the direction of the detection unit); however, it is also possible that one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation are located beneath the film and illuminate the film "from below."The film can be partially transparent, so that the electromagnetic radiation hitting the film "from below" partially passes through the film.

[0307] The rollers (6a, 6b) can be driven by a motor. Such a motor can be controlled by a control unit.

[0308] The device of the present disclosure can also be a combination of elements of the devices shown in Figs. 1 to 4.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A device comprising: a collection area and a detection unit for detecting arthropods in the collection area; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a time-varying spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation of a first spectral composition is emitted in a first time period, and electromagnetic radiation of a second spectral composition is emitted in a second time period, wherein the first spectral composition is different from the second spectral composition, wherein the second time period follows the first time period in time and the first time period and / or the second time period have a length in the range of one minute to several hours.

3. Device according to claim 2, wherein different spectral compositions are selected to attract different arthropods.

4. Device according to claim 3, wherein the collecting area comprises a self-illuminating surface.

5. Device according to claim 4, wherein the collection area comprises several sources of electromagnetic radiation, each of which emits electromagnetic radiation of a different spectral composition.

6. Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area is passed through different filters to generate electromagnetic radiation of different spectral compositions.

7. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the device comprises one or more sources of electromagnetic radiation which irradiate the collection area with electromagnetic radiation, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is a consequence of the irradiation of the collection area with electromagnetic radiation, wherein the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the collection area is due to reflection, scattering and / or diffraction.

8. Device according to claim 7, wherein the device comprises multiple sources of electromagnetic radiation, each source of which sends electromagnetic radiation of a different spectral composition onto the collecting area.

9. Device according to claim 7, wherein the device comprises a source of electromagnetic radiation that sends electromagnetic radiation through various filters onto the collecting area in order to generate electromagnetic radiation of different spectral compositions.

10. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the collecting area comprises interchangeable materials, wherein the interchangeable materials have different optical properties, wherein the interchangeable materials have different dyes and / or different diffraction patterns and / or different patterns.

11. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the collection area comprises a time-varying pattern, wherein the pattern is projected onto the collection area and / or is introduced into the collection area or is applied to the collection area.

12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the spectral composition of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from the collection area varies periodically between a number of spectral compositions, wherein the number of spectral compositions is, for example, in the range of 2 to 10.

13. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein the detection unit is or comprises a camera.

14. Procedure comprehensive Positioning a detection unit to detect arthropods in an area; capturing signals from one or more arthropods in a collection area using the detection unit; Detecting and / or identifying and / or counting the arthropods in the collection area and / or determining a biodiversity value based on the signals recorded; characterized in that the collection area is designed such that electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum with a time-varying spectral composition is emitted from the collection area.

15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the positioning of the detection unit comprises: Positioning a device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in the area.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein the area is a field for the cultivation of crops, or comprises or borders upon such a field, or is a flowering strip, or comprises or borders upon such a field, or is an urban area, or comprises or borders upon such an urban area, or is a nature reserve, or comprises or borders upon such a nature reserve, or is a greenhouse, or comprises such a greenhouse, or is a polytunnel, or comprises such a polytunnel.

17. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 14 for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting arthropods and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting harmful organisms and / or for detecting and / or identifying and / or counting beneficial organisms and / or for determining a biodiversity value.

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