A modularized carbon capture system

Abstract

A modularized carbon capture system is disclosed. The modularized carbon capture system comprises one or more fluidic interconnections configured to fluidi- cally couple the modularized system with a source of a flue gas or other industrial off gas, i.e. a gas that contains carbon dioxide. The modularized system comprises a plurality of modules and / or a plurality of sub-modules of one or more modules. The modules and / or sub-modules comprise one or more carbon dioxide absorbers (200; 30; 31, 32, 33) or adsorbers / desorbers (1), one or more regenerators (400, 60), one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems (95) and / or one or more utility systems (600), wherein the one or more fluidic interconnections comprise one or more flexible and / or adaptable ducts and / or pipes.

Description

A modularized carbon capture systemDescriptionTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure concerns carbon capture systems, and more particularly a modularized carbon capture system designed for efficient and flexible installation using interconnectable modules and sub-modules.BACKGROUND ART

[0002] The present disclosure concerns modularized systems for carbon capture, particularly focusing on efficient and flexible installation using interconnectable modules and sub-modules.

[0003] Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a critical technology in the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from different sources, such as power plants or industrial facilities, and storing it to prevent its release into the atmosphere. As the world transitions towards cleaner energy sources, CCS is seen as a vital bridge technology that can help reduce emissions from existing fossil fuel-based infrastructure while renewable energy sources are being developed and scaled up.

[0004] Traditional carbon capture systems are often large, complex installations that require significant on-site construction and customization. This approach can lead to extended project timelines, increased costs, and potential quality control issues due to the variability of on-site conditions. Additionally, the size and complexity of these systems can make them challenging to integrate with existing industrial facilities, particularly in cases where space is limited or where minimal disruption to ongoing operations is required.

[0005] Another challenge faced by conventional carbon capture systems is their lack of flexibility in terms of scalability and adaptability to different CO2 sources. As emission regulations become more stringent and diverse industries seek to reduce their carbon footprint, there is a growing need for carbon capture solutions that can be easily scaled up or down and quickly adapted to various types of CCL-emitting processes.

[0006] Furthermore, the transportation and installation of large, pre-assembled carbon capture units can be logistically challenging and expensive, particularly for remote or offshore locations. This can limit the widespread adoption of carbon capture technology in areas where it could potentially have a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions.

[0007] Accordingly, it has been appreciated that a modularized carbon capture system that overcomes one or more of these problems is needed.SUMMARY

[0008] In one aspect, the subject matter disclosed herein is directed to a modularized carbon capture system. The modularized system comprises one or more fluidic interconnections configured to fluidically couple the modularized system with a source of a flue gas or other industrial off-gas streams containing carbon dioxide. The system includes a plurality of modules and / or a plurality of sub-modules comprising one or more carbon dioxide absorbers or adsorbers / desorbers, one or more regenerators, one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems and / or one or more utility systems, wherein the one or more fluidic interconnections comprise one or more flexible and / or adaptable ducts and / or pipes. The modular approach allows for flexible and scalable carbon capture solutions that can be easily adapted to different industrial settings and carbon dioxide sources. Additionally, the flexible and / or adaptable ducts and / or pipes allow for easy connection between modules and to accommodate thermal expansion and vibration.

[0009] In one aspect, the modularized system for carbon capture can comprise one or more flue gas conditioners, such as flue gas scrubbers and / or flue gas coolers. In another aspect, the modularized system for carbon capture can also comprise one or more gas stacks. In still another aspect, the modularized system for carbon capture can comprise one or more drain and tank facilities, and / or one or more relief and vent gas system.

[0010] In another aspect, the subject matter disclosed herein concerns a modularized carbon capture system wherein one or more carbon dioxide absorbers may comprise a solvent configured to capture carbon dioxide, and the modules and / or sub-modulesmay further comprise one or more solvent circuits, including pumps and heat exchangers and one or more emission control devices. Optionally, the solvent circuit can further include filters. The inclusion of solvent-based carbon dioxide absorption systems enhances the efficiency of carbon capture while the integrated solvent circuits with pumps and heat exchangers, and optionally filters, ensure optimal solvent performance and energy efficiency.

[0011] In a further aspect, the modules and / or sub-modules may further comprise one or more flue gas fans. The incorporation of flue gas fans provides the required flue gas head to overcome the pressure drop of the capture system, facilitates the targeted gas flow through the system and allows for overall capture efficiency with a controlled flow to the CCS while maintaining the allowed backpressure of the upstream source plant.

[0012] In one aspect, the modules and / or sub-modules may additionally include one or more cooling and / or condensing systems at the regenerators overhead. The cooling and condensing systems enhance the regeneration process, improving the overall efficiency of the carbon capture cycle.

[0013] In one aspect, the modularized system may further comprise one or more chemicals make-up systems configured to make up the solvent or other chemicals required for plant operation like scrubbing agents, anti-foam agents, corrosion inhibitors or the like. The inclusion of chemical make-up systems ensures continuous and optimal performance of the solvent-based capture process by maintaining the required solvent composition and / or by scrubbing of components from inlet or outlet streams and / or by reducing corrosion or foaming issues.

[0014] In one aspect, the carbon dioxide absorbers may be part of a chilled ammonia process system, wherein an ammonia solution is used as solvent. In this case, the modules and / or sub-modules further comprises one or more ammonia water wash / stripper loop systems, one or more chiller systems, and one or more flue gas reheating systems. This embodiment allows for tailored carbon capture solutions suitable for specific industrial applications, enhancing overall capture efficiency and system performance. In some configurations, the systems can also comprise an appendix stripper.

[0015] In one aspect, the carbon dioxide absorbers may be part of a mixed salt process system, wherein a potassium carbonate and ammonia solution is used as solvent. In this case, the modules and / or sub-modules further comprise one or more ammonia water wash / stripper loop systems, one or more chiller systems, and one or more flue gas reheating systems. Also this embodiment allows for tailored carbon capture solutions suitable for specific industrial applications, enhancing overall capture efficiency and system performance.

[0016] In another aspect, the carbon dioxide absorber may be part of a compact carbon capture system, wherein one or more rotating machines are used for process intensification, to distribute the solvent under rotational forces and consequently enhance mass and / or heat transfer. The rotating machines may include a rotating absorber and a rotating desorber, with the modules and / or sub-modules comprising one or more reclaimers. This compact, rotating machine-based configuration offers enhanced mass transfer and improved capture efficiency in a smaller footprint, making it suitable for space-constrained applications.

[0017] In one aspect, the one or more carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers may comprise a metal organic framework configured to adsorb the carbon dioxide, and the modules and / or sub-modules may further comprise one or more chiller systems. The use of metal organic frameworks for carbon dioxide adsorption provides a highly efficient and selective capture method, while the integrated chiller systems ensure optimal adsorption conditions.

[0018] Alternatively, the carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers can be rotating adsorbers / desorbers or static adsorbers / desorbers.

[0019] In one aspect, the carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers comprise a high temperature metal organic framework, configured to adsorb carbon dioxide at a temperature between 150 and 300°C, preferably at approximately 200°C and to release carbon dioxide under vacuum at approximately the same temperature, the system further comprising a vacuum module.

[0020] In an alternative aspect, the carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers comprise a low temperature metal organic framework, configured to adsorb carbon dioxide at a temperature between 0 and 60°C, preferably at 30°C and to release carbon dioxide ata temperature between 75 and 140°C, preferably at 100°C and wherein the system further comprises a vacuum module and / or a heating source.

[0021] In one aspect, the modularized system may include one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems comprising compressors and / or dehydration devices and / or deoxygenators and / or liquefiers and / or pumps. The conditioning systems allow for the captured carbon dioxide to be processed into a form and / or composition quality suitable for transportation, storage, or utilization, enhancing the versatility of the overall carbon capture solution.

[0022] In one aspect, the modularized system may further comprise one or more utility systems including one or more utility fluid circuits such as steam and condensate circuits, cooling medium circuits, instrumentation air circuits, plant air circuits, nitrogen gas circuits, and demineralized water circuits. The integration of these utility systems ensures efficient operation of the carbon capture process and provides necessary support functions for the overall system.

[0023] In another aspect, the modularized system may include one or more auxiliaries comprising electrical systems, instrumentation and control systems, ducts, piping, pumps, fire and gas systems, firefighting systems, and sanitary water circuits. These auxiliary systems enhance the safety, control, and overall functionality of the modularized carbon capture system.

[0024] In one aspect, each module may comprise a supporting structure, which may be a multilevel skid. The supporting structure may comprise a reticular beam structure and / or a structural plate, which may include a base plate and / or a side plate. This modular structural design allows for easy transportation, installation, and scaling of the carbon capture system, while providing necessary support and protection for the system components.

[0025] In one aspect, the source of carbon dioxide may be configured as an interconnectable module or sub-module of the modularized system, and may comprise a power unit such as an engine, particularly a gas turbine, and / or a plant producing carbon dioxide as a by-product. This configuration allows for seamless integration of the carbon capture system with various carbon dioxide sources, enhancing its applicability across different industries.

[0026] In another aspect, the modularized system may further comprise one or more mechanical interconnections configured to mechanically couple the modularized system with the source of carbon dioxide and / or the modules and / or sub-modules with one another. These mechanical interconnections may comprise one or more adaptable and / or flexible mechanical coupling devices, which may include adaptable anchoring devices such as rails, bolts, attachment threads, and sliding shaped elements. These mechanical interconnection features enhance the modularity and adaptability of the system, allowing for easy assembly, disassembly, and reconfiguration as needed.

[0027] In still another aspect, the modularized system may also include one or more electrical interconnections configured to electrically interconnect the modularized system with the source of carbon dioxide and / or the modules and / or sub-modules with one another. These electrical interconnections may comprise one or more flexible electrical cables. The electrical interconnection features ensure proper power distribution and communication between various system components, enhancing overall system integration and control.

[0028] In one aspect, the modules and / or sub-modules are arranged according to, alternatively: a longitudinal layout, a square layout, a L-shaped layout, a T-shaped layout, a cross layout, a stacked layout or combinations thereof.

[0029] In one aspect, the modules and / or sub-modules may be arranged on a same single lift steel structure, with the center of gravity of the modules and / or sub-modules positioned within the borders of the single lift steel structure. This arrangement facilitates easier transportation and installation of the entire system as a single unit, reducing on-site assembly time and complexity.

[0030] In one aspect, the carbon capture system is part of a modularized system further comprising one or more additional systems, in addition to a source of hot flue gas, the one or more additional systems comprising a waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) comprising at least one heat exchanger with thermal interconnections with the source of hot flue gas, the thermal interconnections comprising at least one waste heat inlet interface configured to be thermally coupled with the source of hot flue gas, the heat exchanger being configured to transfer the waste heat from the source of hot flue gas to at least one working fluid, the additional systems further comprising a working fluidinlet and a working fluid outlet, and being configured to convert the heat of the working fluid into mechanical and / or electrical and / or chemical and / or thermal energy.

[0031] In one embodiment, the one or more additional systems comprise one or more of the following systems: one or more exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and / or one or more expander units (EU), and / or one or more chilling systems, such as an absorption chilling system and / or a mechanical chilling system.

[0032] In one embodiment, the modularized system can further comprise a complimentary system, which can be: one or more renewable energy production systems, such as a fuel cell system, a solar system, a wind system and / or an energy storage system, such as a battery energy storage system.

[0033] In one embodiment, in the modularized system is configured to couple the carbon capture system with the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) and the source of flue gas and / or with the one or more additional systems and / or with the one or more complimentary systems; and / or to couple the one or more additional systems with the source of flue gas; and / or to couple the one or more additional systems with each other according to, alternatively: a longitudinal layout, a square layout, a L-shaped layout, a T-shaped layout, a cross layout, a stacked layout or combinations thereof.

[0034] In one aspect, the one or more fluidic and / or mechanical and / or electrical interconnections are also configured to couple modules at different heights with respect to each other.

[0035] In one aspect, the modularized system may further comprise a local control cabinet (LCC) room configured to control at least the source of carbon dioxide and / or the process and auxiliary equipment module. The inclusion of a dedicated control room enhances system monitoring and control, ensuring optimal performance and safety of the carbon capture process.

[0036] According to one aspect, one or more structural elements of one or more modules and / or sub-modules may be configured to support or replace at least part of the supporting structure of the modularized system. These structural elements may be configured as one or more walls of a building, such as a data center. This structural integration allows the carbon capture system to serve dual purposes, potentially reducingoverall construction costs and space requirements in certain applications.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] A more complete appreciation of the disclosed embodiments of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:Fig.l illustrates a schematic of a modularized carbon capture system according to a first embodiment;Fig.2 illustrates a schematic of a modularized carbon capture system according to a second embodiment;Fig.3 illustrates a schematic of an absorber module of a modularized carbon capture system according to a third embodiment;Fig.4 illustrates a schematic of an absorber module of a modularized carbon capture system according to a fourth embodiment;Fig.5 illustrates a schematic of an absorber module of a modularized carbon capture system according to a fifth embodiment;Fig.6 illustrates a schematic of an absorber module of a modularized carbon capture system according to a sixth embodiment;Fig.7 illustrates a schematic of an adsorber / desorber module of a modularized carbon capture system according to a seventh embodiment;Fig. 8 illustrates a schematic of a modularized plant comprising a carbon capture system according to an eight embodiment;Fig. 9 illustrates a schematic of a modularized plant comprising a carbon capture system according to a ninth embodiment; andFig. 10 illustrates a schematic of a modularized plant comprising a carbon capture system according to a tenth embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0038] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can bemade in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclo¬ sure. Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodi¬ ment” or “some embodiments” means that the particular feature, structure or charac¬ teristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embod¬ iment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrase “in one em¬ bodiment” or “in an embodiment” or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment s). Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0039] According to one aspect, the present subject matter is directed to a modular¬ ized system for carbon capture. The invention provides a flexible and efficient solution for capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas sources through a modular approach. This modularized system comprises various interconnected modules and sub-modules that work together to effectively remove carbon dioxide from industrial emissions.

[0040] The modularized system operates by connecting to a source of flue gas con¬ taining carbon dioxide through one or more fluidic interconnections. Once connected, the system employs a series of specialized modules to process the flue gas and extract the carbon dioxide. These modules include components for absorbing carbon dioxide and conditioning the captured carbon dioxide for further use or storage. These modules can further include components for scrubbing and cooling the flue gas and controlling emissions. The modularized carbon capture system can operate according to different carbon capture technologies, the component of the modules and / or submodules being different depending on the technology. In particular, when a chilled ammonia process technology or a mixed solvent technology is used, a solvent circuit is present, together with components for regenerating the solvents.

[0041] At the heart of the system are carbon dioxide absorbers that are specifically designed to capture carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream. The modular design in¬ corporates solvent circuits with filters and heat exchangers to maintain optimal absorp¬ tion conditions and solvent quality throughout the process.

[0042] The importance of this invention lies in its modular nature, which allows foreasier transportation, installation, and scalability compared to traditional carbon cap¬ ture systems. By breaking down the complex carbon capture process into discrete, in¬ terconnected modules, the system can be more readily adapted to different industrial settings and flue gas compositions. This modularity also facilitates maintenance and upgrades, as individual components can be replaced or improved without overhauling the entire system.

[0043] Furthermore, the modularized approach enables more efficient use of space and resources, potentially reducing the overall footprint and cost of carbon capture installations. This innovation represents a significant step forward in making carbon capture technology more accessible and practical for a wider range of industries, con¬ tributing to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

[0044] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclo¬ sure. Reference throughout the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that the particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrase "in one embodi¬ ment" or "in an embodiment" or "in some embodiments" in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment(s). Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable man¬ ner in one or more embodiments.

[0045] Referring now to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a modularized carbon capture system based on compact carbon capture technology. The modularized carbon capture system comprises several interconnected subsystems, each performing specific functions within the overall carbon dioxide capture process.

[0046] In particular, Fig.1 shows a flue gas conditioning system 100 configured to prepare an incoming flue gas for carbon dioxide absorption. The flue gas conditioningsystem 100 may include a flue gas scrubber 10 to remove particulates and other con¬ taminants from the flue gas stream and / or a flue gas cooling or heating step to adapt the flue gas to the optimum temperature for downstream CO2 capture process and / or for adjusting the water balance of the system. Additionally, a flue gas fan may be in¬ corporated to maintain proper gas flow through the system.

[0047] The conditioned flue gas then enters a CO2 absorption system 200, where the carbon dioxide is removed from the gas stream. The CO2 absorption system 200 uti¬ lizes a solvent specifically designed to capture carbon dioxide efficiently.

[0048] An emission control system 300 is included to manage and minimize any re¬ maining emissions from the process. This system ensures that the treated flue gas meets environmental regulations before being released to the atmosphere.

[0049] A CO2 desorption system 400 is provided to regenerate the solvent and release the captured carbon dioxide. The CO2 desorption system 400 may include one or more cooling and / or condensing systems at the regenerators overhead to optimize the de¬ sorption process.

[0050] A solvent management system 500 is incorporated to maintain the quality and effectiveness of the solvent used in the CO2 absorption process. The solvent manage¬ ment system 500 may include one or more chemicals make-up systems configured to replenish and adjust the solvent composition as needed and / or a solvent reclamation system to remove contaminants or degradation products from the solvent stream.

[0051] The modularized carbon capture system also includes a tank area and chemi- cal / utility systems 600. This area houses various supporting systems essential for the operation of the carbon capture process. Water systems 610 are provided to supply and manage water throughout the plant. A demineralized water system 620 ensures high- quality water is available for critical processes. A chemical storage system 630 safely stores and dispenses chemicals used in the carbon capture process. A cooling water system 640 manages heat rejection from various process units. A steam / condensate system 650 provides thermal energy for the desorption process and other heating re¬ quirements. An electrical power supply system 660 distributes electricity to all com¬ ponents of the modularized system. Plant air / instrument air / nitrogen systems 670 sup¬ ply compressed air for pneumatic controls and nitrogen for purging and blanketing. Adram system 680 manages liquid waste and process effluents. Analyzer systems 690 monitor and control various process parameters throughout the carbon capture system.

[0052] The modularized carbon capture system incorporates CO2 product condition¬ ing systems that may comprise compressors, dehydration devices, deoxygenators, liq¬ uefiers, and / or pumps to prepare the captured carbon dioxide for transportation, stor¬ age or utilization.

[0053] Each subsystem of the modularized carbon capture system is designed as a module or sub-module, with each module comprising a supporting structure. The sup¬ porting structure may be a multilevel skid, allowing for efficient use of vertical space. The supporting structure may comprise a reticular beam structure and / or a structural plate, which may include a base plate and / or a side plate for added stability and pro¬ tection.

[0054] The modules and / or sub-modules are arranged on a same single lift steel structure, with the center of gravity of the modules and / or sub-modules positioned within the borders of the single lift steel structure to ensure stability during transpor¬ tation and installation.

[0055] The modularized system is designed to be interconnected with a source of carbon dioxide, which may be configured as an interconnectable module or sub-mod¬ ule of the system. The source of carbon dioxide may comprise a power unit, such as an engine or gas turbine, or a plant producing carbon dioxide as a by-product. In a specific embodiment, the power unit can comprise one or more gas turbines, each gas turbine may have a power output around 100MW or less. In particular, at present, each gas turbine generally has a power output around 60MW or less. However, different ranges of power output are also possible.

[0056] The modularized carbon capture system includes various utility systems com¬ prising utility fluid circuits. These may include steam and condensate circuits, cooling medium circuits, instrumentation air circuits, plant air circuits, nitrogen gas circuits, and / or demineralized water circuits to support the operation of the carbon capture pro¬ cess.

[0057] Auxiliaries in the modularized system may comprise electrical systems, in¬ strumentation and control systems, ducts, piping, pumps, fire and gas systems, fire¬ fighting systems, and / or sanitary water circuits to ensure safe and efficient operation.

[0058] A local control cabinet (LCC) room can be incorporated into the modularized system, configured to control at least the source of carbon dioxide and / or the process and auxiliary equipment modules. This centralized control system ensures efficient operation and monitoring of the entire carbon capture process.

[0059] The modularized design of the carbon capture system allows for a compact footprint. This compact design enables efficient use of space while maintaining the necessary capacity for effective carbon dioxide capture.

[0060] With continuing reference to Fig.1, Fig.2 illustrates a second embodiment of a modularized carbon capture system. In the embodiment of Fig. 2 the modularized carbon capture system is based on the chilled ammonia process carbon capture tech¬ nology. The modularized carbon capture system comprises several interconnected components, each performing specific functions within the overall carbon dioxide cap¬ ture process. A direct contact cooler (DCC) 10 is provided at the inlet of the system to cool and condition the incoming flue gas. The DCC 10 reduces the temperature of the flue gas and / or removes some impurities, preparing the gas for the carbon dioxide ab¬ sorption process.

[0061] Following the DCC 10, a flue gas fan 20 is incorporated to maintain proper gas flow through the system. The flue gas fan 20 ensures that the cooled and / or condi¬ tioned flue gas is efficiently transported to the next stage of the process.

[0062] The cooled flue gas then enters an absorber 30, which is a key component of the CO2 absorption system 200. The absorber 30 utilizes a chilled ammonia solution as a solvent to capture carbon dioxide from the flue gas stream. The absorber 30 may be designed with multiple sections to optimize the absorption process.

[0063] An NH3 wash 40’ and direct contact heater (DCH) 40” is positioned after the absorber 30 to remove any residual ammonia from the treated flue gas before it is released to the atmosphere through a flue gas stack 50. The DCH 40” scrubs residualammonia from the treated flue gas in a polishing step and reheats the flue gas to opti¬ mize the water balance of the overall CAP system and improves stack buoyancy and dispersion of the treated flue gas when released to atmosphere. The NH3 wash 40’ and DCH 40” help to ensure that emissions from the system meet environmental regula¬ tions.

[0064] A regenerator 60 is provided to achieve CO2 desorption from the ammonia solution. An associated overhead system (not explicitly depicted) facilitates ammonia and water recovery from the raw overhead CO2 stream. In particular, the regenerator regenerates the ammonia solution and releases the captured carbon dioxide. The re¬ generator 60 uses heat to separate the carbon dioxide from the ammonia solution. A stripper 70 is provided to achieve ammonia and CO2 removal from the NH3 water wash liquid and a water wash stream from the Regenerator overhead system. The stripper 70 regenerates the water wash liquids and releases the recovered ammonia and CO2. The stripper 70 uses heat to separate the ammonia and carbon dioxide from the water wash liquid.

[0065] Chemical make-up systems 80’ are incorporated to maintain the proper com¬ position of the ammonia solution used in the absorption process and to remove impu¬ rities or emissions from the inlet flue gas and / or treated flue gas. These systems ensure that the solvent remains effective throughout the operation of the carbon capture sys¬ tem. Tanks and drain facilities 80” are provided to manage liquid waste and process effluents and to store plant inventory for interim handling.

[0066] A chiller system 90 is included to cool the ammonia solution before it enters the absorber 30. Further, the chiller system provides cooling to other services of the chilled ammonia plant, for example, the DCC system 10, the absorber system 30 and the NH3 water wash system 40’. The chiller system 90 is crucial for maintaining the optimal temperature for efficient carbon dioxide absorption in the chilled ammonia process and to recover ammonia from the flue gas.

[0067] After the carbon dioxide is separated from the ammonia solution, it undergoes further processing in the CO2 product conditioning 95 unit. This unit prepares the cap¬ tured carbon dioxide for transportation, storage or utilization by removing impurities and adjusting its pressure and temperature.

[0068] The modularized system also includes an electrical and instrumentation and control system 96. The instrumentation and control system manages and monitors all aspects of the carbon capture process. This control system ensures efficient operation and allows for remote monitoring and adjustment of process parameters. The electrical system provides electrical power to relevant consumers and for overall functionality of the modularized carbon capture system.

[0069] Piping and valves auxiliaries 97 connect the various components of the sys¬ tem, allowing for the controlled flow of gases and liquids throughout the process. These auxiliaries are designed to be flexible and adaptable, facilitating easy installa¬ tion and maintenance of the modular system.

[0070] A relief / vent gas system 98 is incorporated to manage any excess pressure or gases that may be generated during the carbon capture process. This system ensures the safety and stability of the overall operation.

[0071] The modularized carbon capture system utilizes the existing water systems, demineralized water system, chemical storage system, cooling water system, and steam / condensate system to support various process requirements. The electrical power supply system provides the necessary power for all components, while the drain system manages liquid waste and process effluents.

[0072] In some embodiments, the modularized system may include mechanical in¬ terconnections configured to mechanically couple the system with the source of carbon dioxide and / or the modules or sub-modules with one another. These mechanical inter¬ connections may comprise adaptable and / or flexible mechanical coupling devices, which can include adaptable anchoring devices. The adaptable anchoring devices may comprise rails, bolts, attachment threads, and / or sliding shaped elements to facilitate easy assembly and disassembly of the modular components.

[0073] Additionally, the modularized system may incorporate electrical interconnec¬ tions configured to electrically interconnect the system with the source of carbon di¬ oxide and / or the modules or sub-modules with one another. These electrical intercon¬ nections may comprise flexible electrical cables to accommodate movement and vi¬ bration between modules.

[0074] In some examples, one or more structural elements of one or more modules and / or sub-modules may be configured to support or replace at least part of the sup¬ porting structure of the modularized system. These structural elements may be de¬ signed as one or more walls of a building, such as a data center, providing both struc¬ tural support and functional space utilization.

[0075] The modular design of this carbon capture system allows for easy transporta¬ tion, installation, and scalability. Each component can be individually maintained or upgraded without affecting the entire system, providing flexibility and efficiency in operation and maintenance. This modular approach represents a significant advance¬ ment in making carbon capture technology more accessible and adaptable to various industrial settings, contributing to global efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0076] With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2 and 2a, Figs. 3-4 show schematic rep¬ resentations of a modularized absorber system for carbon capture. In particular, as il¬ lustrated in Figs. 3-4, the absorber 30 is divided into multiple sections to facilitate transportation and installation. The absorber 30 comprises a first absorber section 31, a second absorber section 32, and a third absorber section 33. Each absorber section may be designed as a separate module that can be transported individually and assem¬ bled on-site. The same solution to realize multiple sections for a single component, to be individually transported and assembled on-site also applies to other components of the modularized carbon capture system.

[0077] The first absorber section 31 may be configured to receive the cooled flue gas from the flue gas fan 20. In this section, the flue gas begins its upward journey through the absorber 30, coming into initial contact with the chilled ammonia solution or other suitable solvent. The second absorber section 32 is designed to continue the absorption process initiated in the first absorber section 31. This middle section may contain ad¬ ditional packing or trays to enhance the contact between the rising flue gas and the descending solvent, maximizing carbon dioxide capture efficiency.

[0078] The third absorber section 33 completes the absorption process. In this upper section, final contact between the flue gas and solvent occurs, ensuring maximum car¬ bon dioxide removal and first step of ammonia recovery before the treated gas exits to the NH3 wash 40’ and DCH 40” and subsequently to the flue gas stack 50.

[0079] The modular design of the absorber 30 allows for flexibility in transportation and installation. Each absorber section may be sized to fit standard shipping containers or flatbed trucks, enabling easier transport to the installation site. Once on-site, the absorber sections can be stacked and connected to form the complete absorber 30.

[0080] Interconnections between the absorber sections may include flanged connec¬ tions for the main gas and liquid flows, as well as access points for instrumentation and control systems. An electrical power supply system may provide power to pumps, sensors, and control elements distributed across the absorber sections.

[0081] The modularized absorber system is designed to integrate seamlessly with other components of the carbon capture process. A chiller system supplies cooling to the solvent, which is, for example, routed to the top of the third absorber section 33, which then flows downward through the second absorber section 32 and the first ab¬ sorber section 31, counter-current to the rising flue gas.

[0082] Rich solvent, now loaded with captured carbon dioxide, exits from the bottom of the first absorber section 31 and is directed to a regenerator in a CO2 desorption system. The regenerated solvent is then cooled and recycled back to the absorber 30.

[0083] The modular design of the absorber 30 also facilitates maintenance and po¬ tential future capacity expansions. Individual absorber sections can be accessed or re¬ placed without necessarily affecting the entire absorber structure. Additionally, if in¬ creased carbon capture capacity is required in the future, additional absorber sections could potentially be added to the existing structure, subject to engineering and process constraints.

[0084] With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3 and 4, Figs.5-6 show schematic representations of a modularized system for carbon capture according to a further em¬ bodiment. The same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding parts, elements or components already illustrated in the previously referred figures and de¬ scribed above, and which will not be described again. In particular, Figs. 5 and 6 show two possible layouts of the modularized system. Fig.5 shows a modularized system comprising a flue gas conditioning system 100, a CO2 absorption system 200, an emis¬ sion control system 300 and a CO2 desorption system 400 arranged according to a squared layout. The figure also shows a flue gas conditioner 4, a chiller system 90, acarbon dioxide conditioning system 95 and an instrumentation and control systems 96, i.e. the auxiliary systems, which are arranged around the main systems. This layout helps with accessibility to auxiliary systems, at the same time allowing for shorter piping routings.

[0085] Fig.6 shows a modularized system comprising a flue gas conditioning system 100, an emission control system 300, a CO2 absorption system 200, and a CO2 desorp¬ tion system 400 arranged according to a longitudinal layout. The CO2 absorption sys¬ tem 200 and the CO2 desorption system 400 are arranged on a shared macro sub-sys¬ tem 101. Fig.6 also shows a carbon dioxide conditioning system 95 and an instrumentation and control systems 96. This layout helps reduce overall plant layout and acces¬ sibility to auxiliary systems.

[0086] With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5 and 6, Fig.7 shows a sche¬ matic representations of a modularized system for carbon capture through an ad- sorber / desorber comprising a metal organic framework. In particular, the adsorber / de- sorber 1 can be a rotating adsorber / desorber or a static adsorber / desorber. The ad- sorber / desorber 1 is coupled with a vacuum module 2 and with a heating source 3. Additionally, the system comprises one or more flue gas conditioners 4, one or more chiller systems 90, one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems 95 and one or more instrumentation and control systems 96. The adsorber / desorber 1 can operate as a low temperature metal organic framework or as a high temperature metal organic framework. When the adsorber / desorber is configured to operate as a high temperature metal organic framework, the flue gas is passed, at a temperature of about 200°C, through some of a plurality of sections of the adsorber / desorber 1, in case of a rotating adsorber / desorber, or in some of a plurality of columns of the adsorber / desorber, the carbon dioxide being adsorbed on the surface of the metal organic framework. The sections or columns of the adsorber / desorber 1 which become rich in carbon dioxide are subsequently exposed to vacuum, under a stream of a carbon dioxide gas, other sections or columns of the adsorber / desorber 1 being exposed to the passage of the carbon dioxide rich stream. The carbon dioxide is consequently desorbed from the metal organic framework, which is ready to be used again for a new adsorption cycle. Differently, when the rotating adsorber / desorber is configured to operate as a low tem¬ perature metal organic framework, the flue gas is passed at a temperature of 30°C through some of a plurality of sections of the adsorber / desorber 1, in case of a rotatingadsorber / desorber, or in some of a plurality of columns of the adsorber / desorber, the carbon dioxide being adsorbed on the surface of the metal organic framework. The sections or columns which become rich in carbon dioxide are subsequently exposed to a stream of steam at 100°C, other sections or columns of the adsorber / desorber 1 being exposed to the passage of the carbon dioxide rich stream. The carbon dioxide is con¬ sequently desorbed from the metal organic framework, which, after cooling and dehy¬ dration, is ready to be used again for a new adsorption cycle. This layout, wherein the auxiliary systems are arranged around the main systems, helps accessibility to auxil¬ iary systems, at the same time allowing for shorter piping routings.

[0087] With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, Fig.8 shows a schematic representation of a modularized system comprising a carbon capture system

[0088] With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, Fig.8 shows a schematic representation of a modularized system comprising a carbon capture system according to the present disclosure. In particular, Fig.8 shows a modularized system where a waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) 110 is coupled with a gas turbine 111, as an exemplary embodiment of a source of a flue gas or other industrial off-gas streams containing carbon dioxide. The modularized system also includes an exhaust gas re¬ circulation (EGR) system 112 and a recirculation line 152 for recirculating part of the flue gas to the gas turbine 111. Additionally, another part of the flue gas is directed to a carbon capture system 113 through a line 154. The modularized system also includes a steam turbine and condenser system 114, as an exemplary embodiment of an ex¬ pander unit system. The WHRU 110, EGR 112 and EU 114 are arranged on a shared macromodule 101. This schematic provides insight into the spatial relationships be¬ tween different modules or subsystems possibly coupled with the modular carbon cap¬ ture system of the present disclosure, allowing for efficient use of the available area.With continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, Figs.9 shows a schematic representation of a modularized system comprising a carbon capture system. In partic¬ ular, Fig.9 shows a modularized system where the carbon capture system 113 is part of a plant comprising a source of a flue gas or other industrial off-gas streams containing carbon dioxide, which in particular can be a gas turbine, and which is indicated with the numeral 111, together with a waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) 110, which is stacked on the source of flue gas 111. An expander unit (EU) 114 is arranged on aside of the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) 110, on a shared macromodule 101, while the carbon capture system 113 is positioned on an opposite side of the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) 10, outside of the shared macromodule 101. An exhaust gas recirculation system 112 is positioned laterally, with respect to the longitudinal ar¬ rangement of all the other components. Additionally, the modularized system 101 of Fig.9 illustrates a complimentary system 120, which can be one of the following: one or more renewable energy production systems, such as a fuel cell system, a photovoltaic system, a wind system and / or an energy storage system, such as a battery energy storage system. A load 132 is arranged on a side of the complimentary system 20, the load 132 being configured to be directly powered by the complimentary system 20, in particular by a renewable energy production systems and / or an energy storage system of the complimentary system 20. All the modules, with the exception of the CCS 113 are arranged on a shared macromodule 101’. This hybrid configuration demonstrates the system’s ability to adapt to complex spatial constraints by utilizing both vertical and horizontal space efficiently. In particular, this squared layout allows to reduce the overall footprint, which is in particular suitable for but not limited to onshore config¬ urations.

[0089] Finally, with continuing reference to Figs 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Fig.10 illustrates a further embodiment of a modularized syste. The same reference numbers designate the same or corresponding parts, elements or components already illustrated in the previously referred figures and described above, and which will not be described again. In particular, Fig. 10 shows a lateral view of the modularized system, according to which an EGR 112 is arranged on top of a source of flue gas and thermal energy, namely a GT 111, and wherein a WHRU 110 and a steam turbine 141’ of an EU 14 are arranged on a suspended floor with respect to the ground level, while a condenser 141” of the EU 14 is arranged on the ground floor. The flue gas from the gas turbine 111 is directed to the WHRU 110 through the line 150, the heat of the flue gas being recovered by the WHRU 110 through thermodynamic conversion into mechanical and / or electrical energy. Part of the flue gas is subsequently recirculated to the gas turbine 111 through the EGR system 112 and the recirculation line 151, 152, the remaining part being directed to the CCS 113 through the line 154. Additionally, Fig.10 shows a WHRU Direct Exhaust line 50’ and a CC Direct exhaust line 54’, to be used in case of system failure.

[0090] In particular, the figure shows the feed stream 154 of the CCS 113 being ar¬ ranged between the lower floor and the top floor.

[0091] These various configurations showcase the modular system’s flexibility in accommodating different spatial requirements and operational needs. The ability to arrange components in multiple layouts allows for customization based on the specific constraints of different offshore platforms or vessels. This adaptability is a key feature of the modular design, enabling efficient installation and operation in diverse offshore environments.

[0092] While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodi-ments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications, changes, and omissions are possible without departing form the spirt and scope of the claims. In addition, unless specified otherwise herein, the order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative em¬ bodiments.

Claims

Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie s.r.l.FirenzeA modularized carbon capture systemCLAIMS1. A modularized carbon capture system, the modularized system comprising one or more fluidic interconnections configured to fluidically couple the modularized system with a source of a flue gas or other industrial off-gas, i.e. a gas that contains carbon dioxide, the modularized system comprising a plurality of modules and / or a plurality of sub-modules of one or more modules, said modules and / or submodules comprising one or more carbon dioxide absorbers (200; 30; 31, 32, 33) or adsorbers / desorbers (1), one or more regenerators (400, 60), one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems (95) and / or one or more utility systems (600), wherein the one or more fluidic interconnections comprise one or more flexible and / or adaptable ducts and / or pipes.

2. The modularized system of claim 1, wherein said modules and / or sub-modules further comprise one or more flue gas conditioners (100, 10, 4), such as flue gas scrubbers and / or flue gas coolers (10), and / or one or more gas stacks (50) and / or one or more drain and tank facilities (680, 80“), one or more relief and vent gas system (98).

3. The modularized system of claim 1 or 2, wherein said one or more carbon dioxide absorbers (200; 30; 31, 32, 33) comprise a solvent, configured to capture carbon dioxide and said modules or sub-modules further comprise one or more solvent circuits, comprising pumps and heat exchangers and one or more emission control devices (300, 40’, 40”).

4. The modularized system of claim 3, wherein said modules or submodules further comprise one or more flue gas fans (20).

5. The modularized system of claim 3 or 4, wherein said modules or sub-modules further comprise one or more cooling (640) and / or condensing systems (650), at the regenerators overhead.-22-6. The modularized system of one or more of claims 3-5, wherein said modules or sub-modules further comprise one or more chemicals make-up systems (80’), configured to make-up the solvent.

7. The modularized system of one or more of claims 3-6, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbers (30, 31, 32, 33) are part of a chilled ammonia process system, wherein an ammonia solution is used as solvent and said modules or sub-modules further comprise one or more ammonia water wash (4O’) / stripper loop systems (70), one or more chiller systems (90) and one or more flue gas reheating systems (40”).

8. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein said modules or sub-modules further comprise an appendix stripper.

9. The modularized system of one or more of claims 3-6, wherein the carbon dioxide absorbers are part of a mixed salt process system, wherein a potassium carbonate and ammonia solution is used as solvent and said modules or sub-modules further comprise one or more ammonia water wash (4O’) / stripper loop systems (70), one or more chiller systems (90) and one or more flue gas reheating systems (40”).

10. The modularized system of one or more of claims 3-6, wherein the carbon dioxide absorber (200) is part of a compact carbon capture system, wherein one or more rotating machines are used to distribute the solvent and consequently enhance mass transfer, one or more rotating machines acting as rotating absorbers (200) and one or more rotating machines acting as rotating desorber (400), said modules or sub-modules comprising one or more reclaimers.

11. The modularized system of claim 1 , wherein said one or more carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers (1) comprise a metal organic framework, configured to alternatively adsorb and desorb the carbon dioxide, and wherein said modules or submodules further comprise one or more chiller systems (90).

12. The modularized system of claim 11, wherein the carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers (1) are rotating adsorbers / desorbers.

13. The modularized system of claim 11, wherein the carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers (1) are static adsorbers / desorbers.

14. The modularized system of one or more of claims 11-13, wherein said one or more carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers (1) comprise a high temperature metal organic framework, configured to adsorb carbon dioxide at a temperature between 150 and 300°C, preferably at approximately 200°C and to release carbon dioxide under vacuum at approximately the same temperature, and wherein the system further comprises a vacuum module (2).

15. The modularized system of one or more of claims 11-13, wherein said one or more carbon dioxide adsorbers / desorbers (1) comprise a low temperature metal organic framework, configured to adsorb carbon dioxide at a temperature between 0 and 60°C, preferably at 30°C and to release carbon dioxide at a temperature between 75 and 140°C, preferably at 100°C and wherein the system further comprises a vacuum module (2) and / or a heating source (3).

16. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more carbon dioxide conditioning systems (95) comprise compressors and / or dehydration devices and / or deoxygenators and / or liquefiers and / or pumps.

17. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more utility systems (600) comprise one or more utility fluid circuits such as: one or more steam and condensate circuits (650) and / or one or more cooling medium circuits (640) and / or one or more instrumentation air circuits (670) and / or one or more plant air circuits (670) and / or one or more nitrogen gas circuits (670) and / or one or more demineralised water circuits (620).

18. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the modularized system also comprises one or more auxiliaries.

19. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein said one or more auxiliaries comprise one or more electrical power supply systems (660) and / or one or more instrumentation and control systems (96) and / or one or more ducts and / or piping and / or one or more pumps and / or one or more fire and gas systems and / or one or more fire fighting systems and / or one or more sanitary water circuits.

20. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims,wherein each module comprises a supporting structure.

21. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the supporting structure is a multilevel skid.

22. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting structure comprises a reticular beam structure and / or a structural plate.

23. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the structural plate comprises a base plate and / or a side plate.

24. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the source of carbon dioxide is configured as an interconnectable module or sub-module of the modularized system.

25. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the source of carbon dioxide comprises a power unit, such as an engine, in particular a gas turbine and / or a plant producing carbon dioxide as a by-product.

26. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the power unit, in particular the gas turbine, has a power output smaller than 45MW.

27. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the modularized system further comprises one or more mechanical interconnections configured to mechanically couple the modularized system with the source of carbon dioxide and / or the modules or sub-modules with one another.

28. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more mechanical interconnections comprise one or more adaptable and / or flexible mechanical coupling devices.

29. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more adaptable and / or flexible mechanical coupling devices comprise one or more adaptable anchoring devices.

30. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more adaptable anchoring devices comprise one or more of the following components:-25-rails, bolts, attachment threads, sliding shaped elements.

31. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more electrical interconnections configured to electrically interconnect the modularized system with the source of carbon dioxide and / or the modules or sub-modules with one another.

32. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more electrical interconnections comprise one or more flexible electrical cable.

33. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the modules and / or sub-modules are arranged according to, alternatively: a longitudinal layout, a square layout, a L-shaped layout, a T-shaped layout, a cross layout, a stacked layout or combinations thereof.

34. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the modules and / or sub-modules are arranged on a same single lift steel structure.

35. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the center of gravity of the modules and / or sub-modules arranged on the same single lift steel structure is positioned within the borders of the single lift steel structure.

36. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more with one or more additional systems (110, 112, 114), in addition to a source of hot flue gas (111).

37. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more additional systems (110, 112, 114) comprise one or more of the following systems: one or more WHRU (110) and / or one or more exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system (112) and / or one or more expander units (EU) (114), and / or one or more absorption systems, such as an absorption chilling system and / or a mechanical chilling system.

38. The modularized system of claim 36 or 37, further comprising a complimentary system (120), which can be: one or more renewable energy production systems, such as a fuel cell system, a photovoltaic system, a wind system and / or an-26-energy storage system, such as a battery energy storage system.

39. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the one or more fluidic and / or mechanical and / or electrical interconnections are configured to couple the carbon capture system (113) with the waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) (110) and the source of flue gas (111) and / or with the one or more additional systems (112, 114) and / or with the one or more complimentary systems (120); and / or to couple the one or more additional systems (112, 114) with the source of flue gas (111); and / or to couple the one or more additional systems (112, 114) with each other according to, alternatively: a longitudinal layout, a square layout, a L-shaped layout, a T-shaped layout, a cross layout, a stacked layout or combinations thereof.

40. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising a local control cabinet (LCC) room configured to control at least the source of carbon dioxide and / or the process and auxiliary equipment module.

41. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein one or more structural elements of one or more modules and / or sub-modules are configured to support or replace at least part of the supporting structure of the modularized system.

42. The modularized system of one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more structural elements of one or more modules and / or sub-modules are configured as one or more walls of a building.

43. The modularized system of the preceding claim, wherein the building is a data center.-27-

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